at Morning and Evening Prayer in the Temple Praising and Blessing God Luk. xxiv 53. And after by the power of the Holy Ghost coming on them they had setled Churches we read the four living Creatures and the twenty four Elders by which are certainly meant the Governours of the Christian Church rested not Day and Night saying Holy holy holy Lord God Almighty c. that is Morning and Evening they fell down before God and Worshipped him that liveth for ever and ever Which Practice hath ever since continued in the Church which in that Heavenly Hymn commonly ascribed to St. Ambrose hath constantly said Day by day we magnifie thy Name For which end certain hours as well as a certain place have been alwayes appointed that Men might so order their other Affairs as to be able to mind this great business of giving Thanks and Praise to God the Creator of all and imploring his Blessing on them in their several Callings and Conditions and on their Church and Country and finally on the whole World It is so sure that the Jews had such set hours of Prayer that I do not think fit to say much of a matter so well known I will only note that they were the 3d hour the 6th and the 9th Which the Christian Church afterward observed and that from the Example of the Apostles themselves For St. Peter even when he was not at Jerusalem went up to the house-top to pray about the sixth hour i. e. Twelve a Clock Which we cannot doubt was his usual custome and as little doubt that it was the custom of the other Apostles and by them every where propagated throughout all the Churches Which the Ancient Writers of Christianity tell us observed those very set hours of Prayer So Clemens in his Constitutions vii 24. and Clemens Alexandrinus in L. vii of his Stromata where he calls them 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the set appointed hours And Tertullian in his Book of Fasting chap. 10. Origen also in his Book of Prayer proves from several Scripture Examples that it ought not to be made less than three times every day N. 38. And such was the Practice in St. Chrysostomes dayes I shall have occasion to show in the end of this Chapter which is still continued in our great Churches every where I will here only transcribe the Words of St. Hierom upon the vi Dan. 10. There are three times in which our knees ought to be bowed to God at the third hour the sixth and the ninth as the Ecclesiastical Tradition instructs us At the third hour the Holy Ghost descended upon the Apostles At the sixth Peter went up to pray in the upper Chamber And at the ninth Peter and John went up together into the Temple Whether the Publick Service of God was every where celebrated three times a day or only upon the Lord's Day and in great Cities every Day may justly be questioned And I incline to think it was not every day in all places celebrated more than twice because the Constitutions ascribed to the Apostles which are undoubtedly very Ancient injoyn no more but Morning and Evening Prayer The words are very remarkable directed to the Bishop to whom they say L. 2. Constit 58. Command and Exhort the people to come continually to Church Morning and Evening every day and not to fail at all and then they mention in the same place three Services upon the Lord's Day as more solemn than all the rest Which is exactly sutable to God's appointment among the Jews who had daily the Morning and Evening Offering And on the Sabbath day another Offering beside the Continual Burnt-Offering as we read expresly Numb xxviii 9 10. They had indeed at the Temple other Offerings every day about 12 a Clock but they were not the Sacrifices of the whole Congregation of Israel as the Morning and Evening Sacrifices were but the Sacrifices of particular Persons on particular Occasions And accordingly all Christians prayed publickly twice every day Morning and Evening and had another hour also for Private Prayers which was about Noon conformable to that of the Psalmist Evening and Morning and at Noon will I pray and cry aloud and he shall hear my voice Psal lv 17. It must not here be forgotten there were likewise two of the Week dayes more solemnly observed than the rest for Publick Prayers viz. Wednesdayes and Fridays as hath been elsewhere proved * Treatise of Repentance pag. 112. On which dayes there were three Services in some places as on the Lord's Day And in all places they took special care that nothing should keep them then from the Publick Assemblies how negligent soever they were at other times And the devouter sort also fasted on those two dayes that they might have more time for Prayer and be excited to greater fervour in it by a deep sense of their own unworthiness of the least of God's Blessings And do we now think to please God and to preserve our Religion without any of this care either on those dayes or on others but only the Lord's Day Then the Christian Church in all ages till these later times hath been too officious though it followed the plain Instructions and the best patterns of the Holy Scriptures Which have been so universally understood to enjoyn a daily publick Service of God that there is no Christian Country that I can find at this day by whom this Tribute is not pay'd unto him All the Eastern Christians as a Learned Divine and great Traveller hath informed us * Dr. Basire 's Funer Sermon for the Bishop of Durham pag. 95. and see Chemnitius Exam Concil Trident pars quarta p. 160 and 162. Greek Armenian and others constantly perform it in the West the Church of Rome still observes this practice and in Germany both the Lutherans and the Calvinists have their dayly publick Offices and full Congregations So we have in these Islands and in many places full Congregations also though in others alas either no publick Assemblies or scandalously empty Which is a very great shame as the forementioned Dr. speaks that when now under the Gospel God doth not require our Lambs which were offered publickly twice every day by the Jews we should not dayly give him the Calves of our Lips as the Prophets phrase is that is Pray to him and Praise him and give him Thanks in the publick Congregation Why the Reformed Churches in France did not thus constantly Assemble as they do in Germany it is not my business to enquire Mr. Calvin I am sure both approved of this Practice and wisht it were restored in more places of his Works than one by noteing which what I have said will be confirmed and some reason also given of this Omission For having observed that God appointed a * Comment in iii. Act. 1. Morning and Evening Sacrifice to be offered among the Jews and thereby taught them to begin and close the day with Invocation
Hâ— ven and passing by Angels present 〈◊〉 selves before the Royal Throne it self St. Chrysostom's words are upon 〈◊〉 Subject From whence we may leâ— by the way that they little thought those dayes of addressing themselves any of the Ministers in the Heaveâ— Court though never so high whâ— they passed by and went directly to 〈◊〉 Divine Majesty as we now may â— ought to do This he represents in an excellâ— Discourse of his upon another Subjeâ— as the high dignity of Christians 〈◊〉 which the Angels themselves are Sâ—â— ctators and very much â— mire the honour that is doâ— us a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Tom. 1. p. 372. For as if in tâ— presence of a great Armâ— before the Captains and great Oâ— cers and Consuls an ordinary persoâ— be admitted to the speech of the Kingâ— it fixes all eyes upon him and rendeâ— him the more illustrious and venâ— rable so it is with those that pray 〈◊〉 God For think with thy self whaâ— a great thing it is for thee who art but a man in the presence of the Angels the Arch-angels the Seraphim the Cherubim and all the rest of the Heavenly Host standing by to be permitted to approach with much confidence and to speak with the King of those Powers What honour is there that can equal this Nor were the better sort of Pagans without this notion of Prayer that it is our Conducter unto God brings us into his Divine light sets us in his presence draws him to us by a Divine perswasive Rhetorick and powerful sympathy with him nay Proclus in Plat. Timaeum L. 2. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 c. knits and unites us unto the first Being and moves his bountiful goodness to communicate all good things to us it being the opening of our Souls to God that he may fill us To this effect Proclus discourses And is not this the most incomparable honour that can be done us to be made thus familiar with God The higher any persons are the more we think our selves enabled when we are admitted into their society especiâ— if we may at all times have recoâ— unto them and be kindly received 〈◊〉 them By which we may judge 〈◊〉 account to make of the honour which we are preferred by be brought into the company of 〈◊〉 who is higher than the highest Wâ— whose most excellent Nature to 〈◊〉 true Communion is the greatestâ— fection whereof we are capable eiâ— in this World or in the next And how is it possible to haveâ— ous thoughts of him and not in 〈◊〉 measure be assimulated to him 〈◊〉 while he is in our mind we are the present necessarily made suâ—â— he is Holy and Pure Gracious Merciful Tender and Kind Saâ—â— ed and well-Pleased in all thiâ— That is we cannot think of him 〈◊〉 out some transformation of our 〈◊〉 into his blessed likeness while we think of him Of which more anoâ— By which you may understand 〈◊〉 it is not merely an external Honâ—â— which is hereby done us but by 〈◊〉 vout Prayer we are naturally indâ— with true Greatness and Nobleneâ— mind raised above these little things â—ere how great soever they seem in vulgar account by having a sight and feeling of an infinite good Unto which if it fasten us by Faith and by Love we are made the Friends of God who have no reason to envy the greatest persons in this World but rather to look down with pitty upon them if they be strangers unto God By conversing with whom you may further consider our minds are both refined and spiritualized and also much widened and enlarged which are two most excellent qualities wherein Devout Prayer improves us by the constant exercise thereof 1. Our Souls indeed are Spiritual things But being tied to these Bodies and thereby ingaged in worldly affairs and fleshly concerns they grow earthly and sensual dull and heavy if we take not care to keep up their familiarity with their Spiritual Acquaintance and Kindred in the other World This we do by Prayer which is a continual exercise of our most spiritual Powers a dayly conversation with Spiritual things even with the Father of Spirits himself and his 〈◊〉 vine perfections and with the 〈◊〉 and condition of our own Souls bâ— as they are now at present whetâ—â— they lie in sin and wickedness or beâ—â— dued with true Holiness and Goodneâ— and as they will be in the other Worâ— either in the blessedness of Heaven in the torments of Hell and with 〈◊〉 Lord and Saviour the great Juâ—â— of all who will sentence us either the one or the other when he 〈◊〉 come in his own Glory and in his 〈◊〉 thers and in the Glory of all the 〈◊〉 ly Angels and with the Holy Spiâ—â— the Inspirer of all good thoughts 〈◊〉 fervour in our desires who togetâ— with the Father and the Son is Wâ— shipped and Glorified All which things being perceiâ— only by our minds and by no othâ—â— means do very little affect the heaâ— of those who never lift up thâ— thoughts above this World in pray to God but appear most real a weighty things to those that do 〈◊〉 ticularly God's most glorious perfeâ— on s and the incomparable Glâ—â— wherein our Blessed Saviour shinesâ— the Heavens at God's right hand appear the most lovely the most beautiful and every way the most excellent Objects unto those that have their minds and hearts fixed on them as we have when withdrawing our thoughts from sensible injoyments we apply them wholly to converse with God in praises of him and Thanksgivings to him and earnest desires after him By which also we are made to understand of what consequence it is to our happiness to be acquainted with him and with our Blessed Saviour and with the Holy Ghost the Comforter and we also dayly improve that acquaintance and are made more conformable to him as the only way to that happiness Which is excellently expressed by Origen 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Sect. 29. upon those words of the Psalmist Vnto thee O Lord I lift up my Soul The phansie of all earthly things being discharged and the eyes of the mind lifted up to think of God alone and to converse with Him who listens to us in a solemn and becoming manner how can they chuse but be very much improved beholding 〈◊〉 open face the Glory of the Lord and â—ing transformed into the same Iâ— from Glory to Glory For they 〈◊〉 take at that time 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of a certain diviner fort intellectual influence derived to thâ— from God according to that Lâ— imprint the light of thy countenance 〈◊〉 us iv Psal 6. The Soul also be lifted up aloft both follows the Sâ—rit and is also separated from 〈◊〉 Body Nay it not only followâ— the Spirit but being in it why shoâ— we not say that it is carried above self and ceasing to be a mere Sâ— becomes Spiritual Of such things Men that neâ— pray to God or are seldom serioâ—
expose us to contempt and loathing to harden Mens hearts against a just Reformation to make those who are reformed grow sick and weary and ashamed of the distracted unsetledness and ungovernableness of such people Who like nothing but what is unlike to all the Churches of Christ that have been in the World till this last unhappy Age. This cannot proceed from the Blessed Spirit of Grace which cannot lead Men to destroy the Church which Christ hath purchased by his Blood Which it is evident cannot be preserved much less promoted but by a due regard to those who are over us in the Lord and by adhering closely to such an Authentick Constitution as that of this Church which is the genuine Off-spring of the Apostles declaring nothing to the people but the true sense of the Ancient Apostolick Church throughout the World Which alwayes had such Governours of a superiour Order and Degree to other Ministers as we have such Prayers such Hymns in a word such a Face of Religion as is here seen in this our Church of England And may be seen Blessed be God in other Reformed Churches particularly in those called Lutheran who as Chemnitius tells us have had solemn Prayers every day and much after the same Order that is observed in ours His words are these Populus singulis diebus bis certa hora c. The people assemble every Day twice at a certain hour Exam. Concil Trident. Pars iv cap. ult Morning and Evening and after the singing of some Psalms Lessons are read in order partly out of the Old Testament partly out of the New And the Assembly concludes alwaies with Common Prayers and some Hymn of Thanksgiving And besides the people come together every Week on some certain Day in greater Multitudes to make Publick and Solemn Supplications which are called Letanies And so he proceeds to relate how they Worship God with the greatest Solemnity on the Lord's Dayes and upon special Festivals in memory of the great Benefits we have received on the Nativity Circumcision c. in short on all the Dayes now observed by our Church O that there were such an heart in us as instead of Wrangling and Disputing seriously to set our selves to make the best use we can of such Blessed Opportunities as God still affords unto us of meeting together every Day for his Worship and Service Especially upon Letany Dayes when there ought to be a fuller Congregation and more than ordinary Devotion One of those Dayes at least I should think every Devout Christian may easily see there is great cause to set apart every Week for Fasting and Humiliation together with Supplication and Prayer to the Divine Majesty that he would turn away his Anger from us Men are naturally too backward I know to such Holy Imployments and satisfie themselves that they have an Excellent Religion which they highly value without considering that they have so much the greater Obligation upon them to joyn frequently in the Holy Offices thereof Let that therefore for a conclusion be added to all the motives I have used in this Book to stir you up to the constant performance of this Duty that it will be the greatest shame to us if when they whose Religion is a false Worship have their constant Dayly Service and attend upon it we who have the truest Notions of God and the most Excellent Religion have less regard unto it by which means their Religion how corrupt soever it be is upheld and maintained and for want of this ours though never so pure must needs fall to decay For they that love the Religion they profess though it be not so sincere and perfect as it ought to be yet never fail to reap all the Benefits which it is able to afford and this among the rest that they keep their Religion by their unfeigned Love to it and Diligence in it Whereas the best and soundest Religion professed by those who bear not the like Affection to it yields those who thus retain it little or no benefit as Mr. Hooker hath observed and by degrees is lost for want of a due regard and earnest Affection to it We see this verified in Pagans Turks and Hereticks Who zealously attend upon the Publick Offices of their Religion and so continue their Sect. How comes their Religion to lead them to have frequent Assemblies and ours to make us neglect them But that they keep up their Love to their Religion such as it is and we have lost our first Love and so endanger the loss of our Religion For had we a sincere love to it we should be led by the Natural Dictates of it to attend upon its publick Offices that being the very first thing to which Religion inclines us and there to attend with all seriousness both to the Prayers and Hymns and to the Holy Scriptures which are then read unto us And therefore our Religion hath gone to decay because we have not minded publick Assemblies dayly but where they are kept up they are empty and thin or when they are full there are none of these Natural signs of Devotion in too many people which are among all Nations bended Knees Hands and Eyes lifted up to Heaven nay they do not attend to the Word of God there read but pass it by as a Tale that is told fancying I suppose it is never the Word of God but when it is preached that is spoken without Book These are not the Faults of all nor I hope of most among us But I have observed some of them especially the last of Whispering together all the time the Scriptures are read as if they were nothing but an empty sound in so many Persons from whose Understanding one would expect better things that I could not but take notice of such unbecoming Behaviour in the House of God Where I beseech God to awaken all his Ministers to perform their Duty with careful Diligence And all his People to Accompany them reverently in continual Prayers and Supplications to the Glory of His Great Name the Credit of our Holy Religion the Honour of this Church the Increase of all true Godliness and Vertue among us and the furtherance thereby of our Joyful Account and Happy Meeting in the Day of the Lord Jesus Amen THE END ERRATA PAge 30. l. 24. d. he p. 33. l. 20. for created r. erected p. 53. l. ult for enabled r. enobled p. 59. l. 7. r. 2dly This. p. 65. l. 11. for it r. he p. 106. l. 17. d. also p. 121. l. 3. after yet add p. 123. l. 9. after 19 add p. 168. l. 1. for times r. time p. 170. l. 22. for Rules r. Rule p. 184. l. 25. r. was as well performed any where as in the Church p. 185. l. 3. r. inlarge THE CONTENTS THE Introduction PART I. CHAP. I. OF the Nature of Prayer Page 1 CHAP. II. Of the Necessity of Prayer Page 10 CHAP. III. The sense of all Mankind about this matter especially of our Blessed Saviour Page 22 CHAP. IV. Other Arguments of the great Necessity of Prayer Page 32 CHAP. V. Some Reflections upon the foregoing Considerations Page 39 CHAP. VI. The Honour God doth us in admitting us into his Presence Page 49 CHAP. VII The Pleasure which springs from the serious performance of this Duty Page 61 CHAP. VIII The great Benefits we receive by serious Prayer to God 74 CHAP. IX The Three foregoing Chapters improved Page 85 PART II. CHAP. X. Publick Prayer the most necessary of all other Page 95 CHAP. XI God is most honoured by Publick Prayers Page 99 CHAP. XII Publick Prayers most advantagious unto us Page 115 CHAP. XIII Publick Prayers most sutable to the Nature of Man Page 135 CHAP. XIV The Nature of a Church requires there should be Publick Prayers Page 162 CHAP. XV. Our Blessed Saviour the Founder of the Church teaches us this Doctrine Page 168 CHAP. XVI Which is further confirmed by the Practice of the Apostles and the first Christians Page 177 CHAP. XVII Other Considerations to strengthen this Argument Page 192 CHAP. XVIII A Recapitulation of the four foreing Chapters with some Inferences from thence Page 206 CHAP. XIX Of Dayly Publick Assemblies and of Hours and Gestures of Prayer Page 222 CHAP. XX. Some Objections removed Page 244 THE END
your sins Such Petitions the Ancient Christians thought so powerful that they supposed they could obtain any thing of God by combining as it were together to seek his favour in the Common Prayers of the whole Assembly Apolog. cap. 39. Coimus ad Deâ—um ut quasi manu facta precationibus ambiamus c. saith Tertullian We come by Troops to make our Prayers to God that being banded as it were together we may with a strong hand sue to him for his favour Haec vis Deo grata est This violence is grateful unto God It is a force which he loves and such pressing Supplicants are welcome to His Majesty To the same purpose St. Ambrose speaks in his Book of Repentance as Mr. Hooker hath observed Many of the meanest being gathered together unanimously become great And it is impossible the Prayers of many should be contemned Which was a Notion so much rooted in the Jewish Nation that they have an opinion the Prayers of the Congregation were alwayes heard Rel. Assembl p. 173. but not so the Prayers of particular persons in private as Mr. Thorndike observes out of Maimonides But we have no neeed of their opinion or any ones else to justifie this that there is the greatest force in the Publick Prayers of many joyning their desire in the same Petitions For St. Paul who might presume to have as much power with God upon his own single interest in him as any man whatsoever yet thought the Prayers of a great number of Christians would do him more service And therefore frequently begs of the Churches that they would assist him with their earnest Prayers to God for him Thus he writes to the Romans xv 30 31. Now I beseech you Brethren for the Lord Jesus Christ's sake and for the Love of the Spirit observe how passionately he desires this That ye strive together with me it is such a kind of phrase as that I mentioned of Tertullians in your Prayers to God for me that I may be delivered from them that do not believe in Judaea and that my service which I have for Jerusalem may be accepted of the Saints And to the Corinthians 2 Cor. i. 11. You also helping together by Prayer for us that for the gift bestowed upon us by the means of many persons thanks may be given by many on our behalf Where he plainly acknowledges it would be much to his advantage if many did contribute their help both in Prayers and in Thanksgivings on his behalf Nay he should be able he thought to preacâ— the Gospel better and with more Authority as well as freedom if the common Prayers of Christian people were not wanting on his behalf iv Coloâ—â— 2 3 4. Continue in Prayer and watch in the same with thanksgiving Withâ—â— praying also for us that God would opeâ— unto us a door of utterance to speak thâ— mystery of Christ for which I am iâ— bonds that I may make it manifest as ought to speak Behold how solicitouâ— St. Paul was to have the benefit of the Churches Common Prayer And hoâ— great a man was he Inferiour to none but rather as St. Chrysostoâ— describes him * Hom. xxxiii Tom. 1. de petitione filiorum Zebed the 〈◊〉 best of men the teacher 〈◊〉 the World who speedily passed as if he had had Winâ—â— over Sea and Land that chosen Vessel the Spokes-man of Christ to espouse Sâ—â— to him the Planter of Churches thâ— wise Master-builder the Preacher 〈◊〉 Racer c. who left monuments of 〈◊〉 vertue all the World over who 〈◊〉 snatcht into the third Heaven before 〈◊〉 Resurrection who was taken up into Paradise whom God made partaker of iâ— effable mysteries who received a more abundant Grace and laboured more abundantly than they all This man begs for the Publick Prayers and could not be satisfied unless he was commended by them to the Grace of God A sign that he lookt upon them as most efficacious for though God as Grotius excellently observes upon xviii Matth. 19. Oft-times grants to one mans Prayers that which he asks yet to many who unanimously joyn in the same Petitions He gives both more willingly and more largely and more speedily Which by the way is an unanswerable Reason why the Publick Prayers ought to be in a known Tongue that all may joyn in desiring the same thing and by their united desires prevail for the greater Blessing Hear St. Chrysostome whose words upon the 2 Cor. viii 24. Hom. xviii in 2 Cor. marvellously illustrate this and all that I have said Where the Apostle exhorting them to shew to those whom he had sent a proof of their love before the Churches he interprets it in the publick Assemblies And then adds and this is no small matter for great is the power of an Assembly or of the Churches Behold What their Prayer can do it loosed the bonds of Peter and it opened the mouth of Paul They that are about to be ordained therefore beg the Prayers of the Congregation in like manner for those who are possessed and for those that are in penance Prayers are made by the whole Church and not by the Priest only They all say one and the same Prayer a Prayer full of compassion For in this the people are concerned as well as the Priest they praying for him as he for them He saith the Lord be with you and they answer and with thy Spirit And what wonder is it if they pray with the Priest when they send up the Holy Hymns of the Church in common with the Cherubims and the Powers above This that good Father repeats very often and I wish it were imprinted in all our minds and did sink down into all our hearts 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Hom. iii. ad pop Antioch c. The Common Prayer of the Church can do much when we offer up those Prayers with an afflicted Soul and with a broken and contrite heart L. viii p. 424. Edit Cant. The same Origen tells Celsus in words worthy to be remembred If when two of us on Earth agree together to ask any thing Matth. xviii 19. it is granted by the Father of the just who is in Heaven for God delights in the symphony and agreement of rational Creatures and is displeased with their discord and disagreement what might we not expect if not only as now a very few but the whole Roman Empire agreed together to sue for the Divine favour They might pray to him that said heretofore to the Hebrews when the Egyptians pursued them THE LORD SHALL FIGHT FOR YOV AND YE SHALL HOLD YOVR PEACE Exod. xiv 14. And praying most unanimously obtain greater Victories than Moses then did by his Prayer to God for help III. But further we are to consider how much our Zeal and Devotion is naturally inflamed by Publick Assemblies which is a thing of great power in Prayer For it is that which the Apostle calls praying in the Spirit and
of the Earth and none can stay his hand or say unto him what dost thou ver 34 35. And then concludes his Declaration in this manner Now I Nebuchadnezzar Praise and Extol and Honour the King of Heaven all whose works are Truth and his wayes Judgment and those that walk in Pride he is able to abase A Voice worthy of a King and worthy to be published throughout all the World and therefore he made the Declaration wherein it was contained to be sent to all People Nations and Languages that dwelt on all the Earth ver 1. that is throughout all his wide Empire to all the parts of the Earth where his Authority reached and his words would be reverenced that they might magnifie this great King of Heaven and Earth together with him That was the end of it and it is one of the most publick pieces of Devotition that we ever read was performed by any man arising out of this sense with which he was possessed in those Ancient times that God is to be Honoured Blessed and Extolled publickly among and by all People to whom he thought himself bound to show the Signs and the Wonders which the most High God had wrought towards him And How great saith he are his Signs and how mighty are his Wonders ver 3. He was not able to tell but made the best and the most ample Declaration of them that he could in this Imperial Decree which he caused to be proclaimed every where By all which we may easily be convinced in what gross Errors two sorts of people live First They who imagine that God may be served as well at home as at the Church Such men neither understand the Nature of God nor the Nature of Religion nor their own Nature which teach them quite otherwise And instruct them also to frequent the Publick Assemblies where they have opportunity so to do Secondly For that is another palpable Error to think that it is sufficient if we come on the Lord's Day to testifie that we do not forget God though all the Week beside we take no notice of him but constantly neglect his Publick Service when we are invited to it and have leisure to attend it We forget the many publick common Blessings we dayly need and dayly receive which ought to be as publickly every day implored and acknowledged in our Common Prayers Let the foregoing considerations be duly pondered and they will perswade you both out of Love to God's Honour and out of love to your own good to joyn as often as you can your Prayers Praises and Thanksgivings with the whole Church of God and to make our Assemblies as full as you can both on the Lord's Day and every Day of the Week Whereby you would declare your constant dependence on God and acknowledge how he dayly 〈◊〉 you with his Benefits and draw 〈◊〉 Publick Blessings in abundance upon the Church and Kingdom where you live and do credit to our Holy Religion which alas now looks in many places as if it were despised and not only do credit to it but both help to support it and also promote and propagate it to the Honour and Praise of the Almighty Lord of Heaven and Earth unto whom be Glory in the Church by Christ Jesus throughout all Ages World without end Amen CHAP. XIV The Nature of a Church requires there should be Publick Prayers I Proceed now to the Third Head of Arguments whereby a Christian should be most of all moved to his Duty and that is to consider the Nature of the Church which both requires Publick Assemblies and makes the Service performed in them far more acceptable than Private Prayers can be And here let it be considered in general that the very word we translate Church in the Holy Scriptures signifies in the Greek Language an Assembly a company of persons met together and that publickly upon the publick business or occasions The first time but one we meet with this Word in the New Testament it is used in opposition to a single person alone by himself or to one or two more beside him Matth. xviii 15 16 17. If thy Brother trespass against thee go and tell him his fault between thee and him alone and if he will not hear thee take one or two more c. and if he neglect to hear them tell it to the Church that is to that solemn Assembly which sat to judge causes and unto which was the last resort so that if he did not hear them he was to be lookt upon as an Heathen Man and a Publican And the truth is it signifies any sort of Assembly or concourse of People which was among the Gentiles as well as the Jews For in the xix of the Acts when all the City of Ephesus was in an uproar and ran together into the Theatre crying up Diana this general concourse is thrice called their 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Assembly ver 32. Some cryed one thing some another for the Assembly 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 was confused c. and ver 39. If you inquire of other matters it shall be determined in a lawful Assembly and ver 41. having thus spoken he dismissed the Assembly Now this being the very Notion of the word Church the Christian Church which Christ hath called is an Assembly of Men and Women met together to Worship God by him to give him Thanks for all his Benefits and to implore his Grace and Mercy to them and to all the World It is an Assembly or Company of Men as much as any other but our Saviour's Kingdom being not of this World the Assembly which he appoints is not to meet for Civil Ends and Purposes but for Religious And the great thing in all Religion is the Devout Worship of God and giving Him the Honour due unto his Name for which the Church i.e. Christian Assemblies being founded it is a clear demonstration that this Worship is not so well performed alone by our selves as in these Assemblies For here we act most like Christians that is like Members of the Body of Christ which is his Church With which whosoever doth not joyn he is no longer a Christian because he is not a Member of the Body of Christ which is a Company joyned together to have Fellowship with God and one with another in all Holy Duties of which Prayer Thanksgiving and Praises are the chief For though there they receive Christian Instruction yet that is not the principal business for which they assemble as appears by St. Paul's words to Timothy before-mentioned 1 Tim. ii 1. If we could make Christian people sensible of this they would immediately yield the Publick Worship of God to be that which of all other he most designs to have continued in the World and consequently be most affected towards it and constantly frequent it And how should they remain insensible of it if they would but consider duely that it is implied in their being
likelihood the place where our Lord eat his last Supper with them before his Passion They did not look for this promise of our Saviour in their Closets but expected he would be in the midst of them by the power of the Holy Ghost when they were met together to wait upon him for the fulfilling of his Word IV. And accordingly you may further note that all they who were converted by them to own Christ Jesus for their Lord and Master immediately joyned themselves to them to Worship God in communion with them Thus you read how upon that very day when they received the Holy Ghost and preached thereupon unto all they could meet withal the Resurrection of Christ in their own Language as many as received the Word that is believed on Christ were Baptized that was the first thing they were admitted into the Church and the effect of it was this They continued stedfastly in the Apostles Doctrine and Fellowship and breaking of Bread and in Prayers ver 41 42. which is repeated again ver 46. they continued daily with one accord in the Temple Worshipping God with the Jews and then received the Eucharist at home which was the proper Christian Worship wherein they joyned together in their own Assemblies And here it is very remarkable that when their numbers were increased from three to five thousand and there was a new descent of the Holy Ghost to inable more besides those on whom it fell at first to preach the Word this descent was at the time of Prayer when they were assembled together for that purpose Read Act. iv where you find that the Apostles being let go from their imprisonment they went unto their own Company ver 23. and reported all that the Chief Priests and Elders had said unto them Which when the Company heard they lift up their voice to God with one accord and said Lord Thou art God which hast made Heaven and Earth and the Sea and all that in them is c. grant unto thy Servants that with all boldness they may speak thy Word c. ver 24 25 c. And when they had prayed ver 31. the place was shaken where they were assembled together for Prayer you plainly see and they were all filled with the Holy Ghost and they spake the Word of God with boldness And as it was at Jerusalem so in all other places where they setled a Church it was for this purpose that they should assemble to Worship God together by Christ Jesus This was the very first or principal thing they ordained in such Churches as those words to Timothy which I have often named sufficiently testifie 1 Tim. ii 1. I will therefore that first of all Supplications Prayers Intercessions and giving of Thanks be made for all Men c. Which Assemblies the Apostles required Christians not to forsake no not in times of danger Heb. x. 25. For that you may note as I pass along was to fall off from Christianity as appears by the following Words ver 26. For as to become a Christian was to joyn themselves to the Christian Society in such actions of Religion according to that you read of St. Paul who being converted assayed to joyn himself to the Brethren that is to the Assemblies of Christians Act. ix 26. So to cease to be thus joyned in Christian Communion was to cease to be a Christian and in effect to deny Jesus Christ to be their Lord and Saviour who hath made all that belong unto him to be a Church that is as I have often said a Company of Men and Women assembling themselves together for Divine Offices V. And that they might so do there was it may further be observed a certain place appointed for their Assemblies because there could be no Assemblies but they must be held somewhere or other and they could not be held with any certainty unless the place were determined and known to be designed for that purpose Of this we read so frequently in the Holy Writings of the New Testament that it is a wonder any should make a question of it I mentioned before the upper room Act. i. 11. where the Apostles assembled immediately after our Saviours Ascension which Mr. Mede * Book ii p. 408 c. hath abundantly proved to be the setled place of their Holy Assemblies Where as I said they were assembled again on the day of Pentecost Act. ii 1. and the next day after iv 31. and was the House where they are said to have continued dayly breaking Bread at home Act. ii 46. Nor was this peculiar to Jerusalem but in other Cities they had the like For at Troas also the Church was gathered together in an upper Chamber Act. xx 8. And at Corinth 1 Cor. xi 18 20. the Apostle speaks of their coming together in the Church and into one place which he distinguishes from their own home ver 34. And again xiv 23. he speaks of the whole Church coming together into one place Which was no other but that place where they commonly assembled for Divine Worship And so those words of St. Paul to Timothy are to be understood 1 Tim. ii 8. I will therefore that Men pray every where c. Which is spoken saith Beza in opposition to assembling only at God's House at Jerusalem unto which men were no longer confined but might assemble in any place where there was a House appointed for that purpose So he expounds those words every where omnem locum sacris coetibus destinatum every place appointed or set apart for Holy Assemblies to meet in for St. Paul saith he speaks of Publick Prayer in the common Meeting Thus St. Basil many Ages before him explained the Apostles words L. 2. de Baptismo Resp ad Q. viii in answer to those who urged them to prove that Prayer was not as well performed any where as the Church No such matter these words in every place do not comprehend such places as are imployed in common uses and in prophane or perhaps filthy affairs 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 c. but inlarges the Service of God beyond the Compass of Jerusalem unto any place in the World which according to the Prophecy about Sacrifice is reverently devoted unto God for the Sacred performance of the Glorious Mystery And that these places thus designed for Holy Assemblies were separated from common use and set apart only for this was never doubted till this last Age of fancy and vain conceit Which hath imagined the separation of places to Divine Service only to be a meer legal Institution that is ordained merely by the Law of Moses which made the Tabernacle and afterward the Temple such an Holy Place Whereas they were so made in conformity to the common Notions of Humane Nature and only made more Holy and Separate than any other place by the residence of a visible Majesty and Glory there Otherwise there were Holy that is separated places before that time though not
in a vision ascending and descending upon a Ladder which stood on the Earth and reached unto Heaven he said as soon as he was awake how dreadful is this place that is with what reverence should I behave my self here this is no other but the House of God and this is the Gate of Heaven He concludes God to be present because the Angels were who are his Ministers and Attendants And accordingly we are to understand these words of the Apostle as intended to signifie a Divine presence among us when we are reverently assembled together to Worship God in his Holy places Which the Ancient Christians lookt upon as a singular incouragement to attend upon the Publick Prayers because then a Christian prays with the Angels 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 they are the words of Clemens Alexandrinus as already L. vii Strom. p. 746. especially at that time equal even to an Angel and will not be out of the precinct of those Holy Guardians when he prayes alone but then also have their Company Of which Origen hath a set Discourse in his Book of Prayer lately published Part. 2da Num. 20. where mentioning the words of the Psalmist among others The Angel of the Lord incampeth round about them that fear him c. He thus proceeds it is probable that when many are assembled together sincerely to the Glory of Christ the Angel of every one of them there pitcheth his Tent together with him that is committed to his Charge and Custody so as to make 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a double Church where the Saints are gathered together one Church of Men and another Church of Angels IX But if there were nothing of this in it yet the Communion of Saints here on Earth which is an Article of our Creed should invite us unto the Publick Service For how do we maintain communion with them if we joyn not with those among whom we live in the Assemblies of the Saints That is of Christians who are all a Holy people to the Lord by their solemn dedication to him in their Baptism and by their Holy profession and meeting together continually for Holy Offices Which if any Man forsake he is no longer Holy but Prophane renouncing so far the Christian Faith which teaches him to keep the Communion of Saints by having Fellowship with them in Prayer especially in the Eucharist which is the Communion of Christ's Body and Blood By partaking of which we have the nearest Communion also one with another being made one Body as I have said already by partaking all of that one Bread 1 Cor. x. 17. Communion indeed or Fellowship is in one place made a thing distinct from breaking of Bread and Prayers Act. ii 42. and signifies some think communicating to each others necessities Which Notion of Communion if we understand to be meant in the Creed it makes no less to my purpose than the other For we must consider that this was done in their Publick Assemblies whereby their communicating to the needs of their Brethren became an acceptable Offering unto God together with their Prayers This we learn from the 1 Cor. xvi 1 2. Where St. Paul speaks of the Collections for the Saints as a part of the business of the first day of the Week both there and in the Churches of Galatia When they did not forget this well-pleasing Sacrifice as it is called Heb. xiii 16. but acknowledged God's bounty to themselves by the relief they sent to others and by such a publick contribution maintained also a sense and fellow-feeling of one anothers condition and made a profession that they all belonged to one and the same Body though never so far distant one from another The Sense of which we are apt to lose when we joyn not together in such actions of piety Whereby Brotherly Love and Kindnese is likewise nourished and we are knit together in the tenderest Affection while we look upon one another not only as Children of the same common Father but as Limbs of the same Body Who naturally have the same care one for another and whether one Member suffer all the Members suffer with it or one Member be honoured all the Members rejoyce with it 1 Corinth xii 25 26. In this Brotherly Love and in the same Faith some think the Unity of the Body of Christ intirely consists But they should consider that this Brotherly Love and Care flows from the Unity of Christ's Body which consists therefore in the conjunction of every Member with the rest and keeping communion one with another in all the common Offices of Religion in Christian Assemblies From which whosoever departs or refuses to joyn therein he breaks the Unity of the Body of Christ which is his Church And though he do the same thing alone which is done in those Assemblies yet it is not the same thing in the account of Christ who looks upon such a Man as gone from him by going from his Body the Church X. I will add one thing more which is that the Service of God in the Church triumphant in Heaven is a Publick Service and they do not Worship God separately there but joyn together in his Praises This we are taught by St. John Rev. vii 11. where after a great multitude had been represented to him which no Man could number of all Nations and Kindreds and Tongues who stood before the Throne and before the Lamb crying with a loud voice and saying Salvation to our God which sitteth upon the Throne and unto the Lamb whereby no doubt is signified the Service of the Christian Church then it follows that All the Angels also stood round about the Throne and about the Elders and the four Beasts and fell before the Throne on their Faces and Worshipped God saying Amen Blessing and Glory and Wisdom and Thanksgiving and Honour and Power and Might be unto our God for ever and ever They said that is Amen to the Christian Service and also added their own giving Glory to God in one Body for it is the voice of all Angels as the Christian Church did Let this be seriously pondered and we shall indeavour to approach as near unto them as we can by joyning as they do in one Society of the Church to Worship God For so doing we joyn our selves to the Society also of the Holy Angels as the Angels St. John here informs us do to the Society of Christian Worshippers They and we make but one Body in Christ in whom God hath gathered together in one all things both which are in Heaven and which are on Earth And this Unity consists it is manifest by this Vision of St. John in their communion one with another in Holy Offices which the Church in Heaven where it is become most perfectly one doth most sacredly keep and preserve CHAP. XVIII A Recapitulation of the four foregoing Chapters with some Inferences from thence LAY now all these things together that the Church in the very notion
of it is an Assembly of Men and Women called to meet together and therefore the Christian Church is such an Assembly called to joyn together in Worshipping God by Christ Jesus who himself hath supposed this in the Prayer he gave his Disciples and hath promised his special Presence in such Assemblies which the Apostles constantly held and there received the first and best Fruits of his Love in the descent of the Holy Ghost which drew all Converts every where into the same Blessed conjunction for which Holy Places were appointed where they constantly Assembled and where the extraordinary Gift of Prayer was to be made common or else lookt upon as of little value where God hath appointed his Ministers to attend and there offer up the Prayers of his people and bless them in his Name where the Angels also are present and delight to see us assembled that we may maintain the Communion of Saints here on Earth and be fitted for the company of the Blessed in Heaven who all joyn together in giving Blessing and Praise and Honour unto him whom we Worship who is far Exalted above all Blessing and Praise either of ours on Earth or of theirs in Heaven Consider I say all this and then think what an errour they live in who make little or no account of the Publick Assemblies but imagine they can pray and serve God as well by themselves alone This is a most unchristian thought directly contrary to the very frame of our Holy Religion which therefore ought with all diligence to be exploded out of every one of our minds As for those who do not barely neglect the Publick Service but refuse to joyn in it they are still in a far worse condition having broken themselves off from the Body of Christ which the Ancient Church thought so heinous a crime that they lookt upon their Prayers as an abomination For so I find in the Council of Antioch * Canon 2. that such Christians were condemned as going into any private House prayed together with those who would not joyn in the Prayers of the Church None of the Church were to joyn in their Prayers if any did they thought it equal to the crime of communicating with Excommunicated Persons The like I find in the Council of Laodicea And the Canons ascribed to the Apostles speak to the same purpose Can. 33. Can. 10. And this Sentence of those Councils is very conformable to the sense of the Ancient Jews whose Maxime this was as Mr. Thorndike * Relig. Assembl p. 173. observes He that dwells in a City where there is a Synagogue and prays not there with the Congregation this is he who is called a BAD NEIGHBOVR And well may he be called bad who will have no Society in the best things who cuts himself off by his own act from the Congregation of the Lord who will not afford his Neighbours the help of his Prayers who lives as if the World could be Governed without taking any notice of God the Supreme Governour who directly overthrows the Christian Religion and destroys the very notion of a Church who hath no regard to Holy places and slights God's Ministers who withdraws himself from God's special presence and protection and defies all the Blessed company of Heaven Among whom he can never hope to find any entertainment nor to be received into the Coelestial Habitations having shut himself here out of the Society of Saints and the place where God's Honour dwelleth Would to God such things as these were seriously and deeply considered by us all that our minds might be awaked to a diligent and constant attendance upon the Publick Assemblies Which our Lord hath taken the greatest care to establish and unto which he hath also granted very high Priviledges lest they should fall into contempt or neglect through Mens Idleness or Covetousness or Conceitedness or by any other means whatsoever Certain it is if we had an hearty Love to our Religion and understood it we could not but be so in Love with the Publick Exercises of it as every day if it lay in our power to go into God's house and there recommend our selves and his whole Church to his Grace and Mercy For there is no way it is evident from what hath been said to uphold and support the Church like to this we being a Church by meeting together to have communion in the same Prayers Which the oftner we have the more we look like a Church and act like Members of the Body of Christ who are combined and knit together for mutual preservation As on the contrary the seldomer we meet the less there is of the face of a Church among us which cannot be preserved from ruin when the Publick Assemblies are generally neglected because the Church falls to decay by that very neglect Let us therefore set our selves to maintain the Church of which we are Members by maintaining Publick Assemblies and suffering no day to pass without a solemn meeting in as full a Body as we can make for the duties of our Religion This would be both an Ornament and a Strength and Establishment to our Religion The Truth which we profess would hereby be both honoured and confirmed and appear with greater Authority as well as Beauty in the Eyes of all its Adversaries when they beheld the Multitude the Unanimity and the Order and Constancy of those that assert it The better and gentler sort of them would be the more easily won to joyn with us and they whose hearts are alienated from us would be the less inclin'd to set themselves against us And for the Grace and Favour of God which is the chief thing of all Christians may promise it to themselves for their protection against all their Adversaries when they constantly and earnestly seek it with their joynt Prayers and Supplications Which will be powerful also for the setling such as are wavering in their Religion whom the constant Authority likewise of a great Number of faithful people cannot but be of much moment to contain in their Duty for Men are ashamed to forsake a multitude when they easily desert small Numbers The Ancient Christians were so possessed with this sense that they lookt upon their Prayers as the impregnable Bulwark of the Church an unshaken Garrison terrible to the Devils and salutary to God's pious Worshipppers a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 c. Chrysost Tom. 1. p. 757. Edit Fr. D. In so much that St. Basil speaking of God's gathering the Waters together which he called Seas and saw it was good Gen. i. 16. falls into a pious Meditation how much more acceptable to him such a Collection or gathering together of the Church must needs be b in Hexameron Hom. iv sub fin in which the mixed sound of Men Women and Children making a noise like the Waves dashing against the Shore is sent up to God in Prayers A profound Calm and Tranquillity shall preserve such
a Church unmoveable The Spirit of Wickedness shall have no power to trouble it with heretical Doctrines By which passage we learn both how full their Assemblies were wont to be and that the Prayers were understood by all the people who with one voice said the same that the Priest did as we now do in our general confession and that they hoped for great security from their common Supplications to God for his watchful Providence over them And thus our own Church in the second Collect for Morning Prayer by teaching us to look upon our Eternal Life as standing in the knowledge of God and to esteem his service to be perfect freedom inforces our resort unto him continually for our defence in that Service and Knowledge in all assaults of our Enemies The Effect of which it instructs us to hope will be this that we surely trusting in his defence may not fear the power of any Adversaries through the might of Jesus Christ our Lord. This St. Chrysostome admirably represents Hom. in S. Lucianum Tom. 1. as his manner is in a Sermon upon an Ancient Martyr As a Man that alwayes stands upon a Rock laughs the Waves to scorn so he that enjoys the dayly Prayers and is moistned with the Divine Words having seated himself as upon the Rock of a right Judgment of things will be carried away with nothing here being raised alost out of the reach of all the Affairs of this Life And that not only from the goâ—â— admonitions he dayly receives but frâ—â—â— the Prayers and from the Paternal Beâ—diction and from the common conventiâ—â—â— and from the Love of the Brethren and from abundance of other things reaping much Benefit and Spiritual Consolatiâ—â— he goes home laden with a thousand Bâ—â—sings Insomuch that a Bride in 〈◊〉 opinion is not so beautiful and amiaâ—â—â— when she sits in her Bridal Chamber 〈◊〉 a Soul is wonderful and glorious whâ—â— it appears in the Church breathing forth Spiritual Graces which he comparâ—â— to fragrant Oyntments For he that iâ— conversant there with Faith and Diligence carries away innumerable Treâ—sures and though never so many dreadful things befall him he will bear them aleasily being sufficiently furnished out oâ— the Holy Scriptures with Patience and Philosophy He means the wise thoughts which the belief of the Gospel puts into us For which reason it was that the Enemies of our Religion bent their Forces not so much against particular persons as against their Assemblies which they indeavoured with all their might to destroy as the Nurseries of the Christian Faith Which being dispersed they doubted not but the Faith it self would be lost in that disorder They no longer lookt upon Christians as a Church when they did not meet together but as so many scattered Limbs of a Body which no longer subsists when the Members are distracted and torn asunder Against these strong holds therefore they laid their Batteries hoping when they were beaten down they should presently triumph over their Religion Which they knew it was hard to overcome whilst a great Body of Men remained knit together continually for its support by many Bonds and Holy Mysteries and the strictest Sacraments For which cause likewise it was that Christian people could not be perswaded to omit their Assemblies no not in time of Persecution when there was the greatest danger if they held them We learn so much from their very Persecutors particularly from the Famous Letter which Pliny wrote to the Emperour Trajan about this matter wherein we are informed that when it was not safe in the day time they met before the Morning Light to sing Hymns to Christ as their God To what shall we impute this Zeal Might they not have served God as well alone No they understood their Religion better than to be of that Opinion and knew it could not stand if they did not thus joyn together to uphold it Their Enemies they knew wisht for nothing more than that these Assemblies might be broken which whilst they continued were the Pillar and Stay of the Christian Truth And do we pretend to be Christians and to love our Religion and to desire nay hope for its safety and prosperity and make so little Account of these Holy Assemblies that the smallest matter will hinder our attendance on them Let us not against the clearest demonstrations persist in such a stupid error But awaken or rather inflame our selves unto such a degree of Zeal as to meet together dayly where we have opportunity for it to give Glory to God in his Church by Christ Jesus and to commend his Church as well as our selves and Families to the protection of his good Providence saying O Lord save thy People and bless thine Inheritance It cannot be imagined what satisfaction we should find herein did we make this our most serious business and instead of the excuses we now make for our negligence give all diligence thus to adorn confirm and secure our most Holy Religion It cannot be denied indeed that this hath been an Error of long standing For when the Church had rest from Persecution her Children began by degrees to grow remiss and wanton Prosperity and ease corrupted them and they cooled so much in their first love that many of them came but seldom to do their Duty unto God their Saviour But this was an extream great grief to their Pastors and brought the heaviest calamities upon Christian people Hear how the often named Father bewails this That the Church having brought forth many Children she could not enjoy their Company S. Chrysost de Baptism Christi Hom. xxiv Tom. 1. every time they assembled to remember our Saviour but only upon a Festival When you are all full of joy to day I alone am full of sorrow and grieved at heart to think that the Church which now hath such multitudes in it will to morrow be empty O how great Spiritual Exultation how great Joy how great Glory to God how great Profit to Souls would there be if every time we assemble we could behold the Church as full as it is at this solemn time Do you not see how the Mariners and Pilots when they are upon the Sea labour all they can to get into their Port And we on the contrary love to be tossed up and down in the Sea of this World ingageinâ— our selves in innumerable Secular Affairs which so take up all our thoughts and our time that here we appear scarce once or twice in the whole year Are ye ignorant that as God made Havens in the Sea so he hath made Churches in Cities that flying from the tumult or tempest rather of secular Affairs we may here enjoy the greatest Tranquillity And for this I may appeal to all your own Consciences whether you find not here such quiet and peace that you may truly call the Church the Spiritual Haven of the Soul For anger here gives no disturbance the storms of Passion cease Lust doth not inflame
assembled and to pour down his Blessings on such as cannot but would be with them And all this it becomes us to do in the humblest manner according to the invitation and direction of the Psalmist which is recited every day at Morning Prayer O come let us Worship and fall down and kneel before the Lord our Maker The Christian Church hath never been acquainted with any other posture but this of kneeling in their Prayers to God saving only between Easter and Whitsuntide when in memory of Christ's Resurrection they were wont to stand Which was the common posture of Prayer among the Jews except in time of trouble and distress when they also fell upon their knees Dan. ix 20. Nay when they would express the greatest Submission Lowliness Reverence and Fear they fell upon their Faces as our Saviour did just before his Agony Matth. xxvi 39. A posture far more remote from theirs who sit at their Prayers which no man dare do who is possessed with an awful sense of his distance from God and considers how mean a Creature he is and how unworthy to receive the smallest favour from his hands In short we may say to such Men as Malachi doth to those who brought vile Offerings unto the Altar with a little alteration Go now to thy Governour and petition him in this posture Will he be pleased with thee or accept of thy person No Man hath the face to present himself unto his Prince in this saucy manner especially when he comes to beg Mercy of him and pray him to spare his Life which he hath forfeited to him And therefore let none of us venture to approach thus into the presence of the Great King over all the Earth the Soveraign of the World But cast down our selves with such lowly Reverence before him as may testifie that we Worship the Most High It is not to be expected indeed that a Man should bow his knees to God when he is lame of the Gout or lies sick of a Feavour or some other Disease c. but setting such cases aside bending of the knees is necessary saith Origen * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 2. pars N 20. whose words these are when a Man comes to accuse himself of his sins to God and humbly to ask pardon for them and to desire to be cured of them Nature inclines us to it if we have any sense of our condition though we had no instructions about it no Examples to move us to it And therefore I may truly say that we divest our selves even of Humanity when we are so rude as to sit at Prayer unless we be in such a condition as not to be able either to fall on our knees or stand before the Divine Majesty Then indeed we may be confident he will not reject our Prayers whatsoever the posture of our Body be but hear them as he did St. Paul when he prayed and praised God in Prison with his feet in the stocks and Hezekiah who lay on his Bed by reason of his infirmity and cryed to him and the Thief who prayed as he hung on the Cross and found favour with him They are the words of St. Chrysostome in the place now named I will conclude this Chapter with the judgment of Mr. Calvin who expresly determines That the Precepts of Praying alwaies and without ceasing have not respect to our own private Prayers only L. iii. Instit cap. xx Sect. 29. but to the publick Prayers of the Church also With which he that refuseth to joyn we may conclude him not to know what it is to pray alone either secretly or at home As on the other side he that neglects to pray alone and privately may be thought to put up vain Prayers though he frequent the publick Assemblies because he respects more the Opinion of Men than the secret Judgment of God In the mean time lest the Common Prayers of the Church should fall into contempt God hath adorned them with splendid Elogies especially when he calls the Temple an house of Prayer Isa lvi 7. For by this Speech he instructs us that the principal part of his Worship is the Office of Prayer in which that the faithful might exercise themselves with one consent the Temple was erected and lifted up to them like a Banner that they might all resort unto it Psal lxv 2. Where there is also a famous promise added ver 1. Praise expecteth thee O God in Sion and unto thee shall the Vow be performed in Jerusalem In which words the Prophet admonishes That the Prayers of the Church are never in vain because God perpetually administers to his people matter of singing his Praise with joy Which things if they were well weighed they would be sufficient to stir up the zeal of those who now languish and have no concern at all for the publick exercise of our Religion Especially if they would observe and mark First With what earnest Longings Holy Men desired to come to the Publick Assemblies when by any impediment they were kept from them read Psal lxxxiv 1 2. c. and David's passionate breathings xxvii 4. One thing have I desired of the Lord c. And Secondly With what joyful hearts they received all invitations to them Psal cxxii 1 2. I was glad when they said unto me Let us go into the House of the Lord. Our feet shall stand within thy Gates O Jerusalem CHAP. XX. Some Objections removed WHen I reflect upon the conclusion of the foregoing Chapter I cannot but fear that they are void of the love of God or very defective in it who have so little regard to his Honour as not to love the place where his Honour dwelleth and where Praise waiteth for him as the Psalmist speaks in the place now named that is where his Glorious Majesty is extolled his wonderful Works are magnified his Benefits acknowledged and Psalms sung in Honour of him which is the greatest business of our solemn Assemblies For Men hear nothing more willingly than the Praises of their Parents There they delight to be and are never weary of their attendance there where the noble acts of their Ancestors are recited with Songs or Speeches in their Commendation And therefore with much more diligence should we run thither without ceasing where Men speak of the glorious Honour of his Majesty and of the wondrous Works of our Heavenly Father and declare the love of our Blessed Saviour making known his mighty Acts and the Glorious Majesty of his Kingdom uttering abundantly the Memory of his great Goodness and singing of his Righteousness Though alas Who can utter the mighty Acts of the Lord Who can shew forth all his Praise As the Psalmist speaks elsewhere His benefits towards us are immensely great and cannot worthily be praised by us But it is our Duty to do what we can that we may pursue what we ought And therefore if we have any respect to God let us say and sing again with
the Psalmist nay with our Saviour Christ as I have before observed I will declare thy Name unto my Brethren in the midst of the Congregation will I praise thee Ye that fear the Lord praise him all ye Seed of Jacob glorifie him and fear him all ye Seed of Israel My praise shall be of thee in the great Congregation I will pay my Vows before them that fear him Psal xxii 22 23 25. I will praise thee O God among the People I will sing unto thee among the Nations For thy Merey is great unto the Heavens and thy Truth unto the Clouds Psal lvii 9 10. Blessed are they that dwell in thy House they will be still praising thee Psal lxxxiv 4. The Dead praise not the Lord neither any that go down into silence But we will bless the Lord from this time forth and for evermore Praise the Lord. Psal cxv 17 18. Which last words teach us that this is a piece of publick Service we do to God in this World which we are uncapable to perform when we are gone from hence Then the time is past of honouring God among Men by decâ—â—ring the sense we have of his Greatness and speaking good of his Name Foâ— though the dead are not quite silent yet what they say or do signifies nothiâ—â— to us in this World where we muâ—â— serve God while we live or else noâ— at all Which is a new consideration to quicken us to this Duty and to silence all those Objections which are apt to rise in our hearts against it Yes may some say We like the thing you press but are against the way of doing it in this Church In which some are distasted at all Forms of Prayer and others at that Form wherein we Worship God and him alone Unto the first of these I have this to say That when there were no Forms of Prayer left in this Church they that destroyed them did not dayly hold publick Assemblies Nor do they now make it their constant practice Which gives us too much cause to think they have not such a sense as is to be wished of their necessity But to let that pass supposing some have and that they only dislike a Form of Prayer it is something strange that the same Arguments which make them think dayly publick Assemblies to be needful should not also reconcile them to a Form of Prayer Which was constantly used by the Ancient Jews in their Assemblies as hath been undeniably proved by many of our Writers and was prescribed by our Blessed Lord and Master who made his Prayer I have shown for the publick Service in which he joyned with the Jews when he was at the Temple in Jerusalem and when he was in the Country went to the Synagogues which the Chaldee Paraphrast calls Houses of Praise in Isa vii 19. And so did his Apostles who themselves used a constant Form of Praise For they rested not Day and Night saying Holy Holy Holy Lord God Almighty which was and is and is to come Rev. iv 8. This as I showed before was their continual Hymn which they offered to God and it appears by St. Paul's usual way of recommending the Churches to whom he wrote unto the Grace of God that they had their Forms of Prayer also For he himself constantly used these words The Grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you all 2 Thess iii. 17 18. The same Power every Bishop had in his Church to compose Prayers for the necessities of it as we may gather from 1 Tim. ii 1 2. Which Exhortation is directed not to the people but to Timothy who was to take care to have all Men recommended unto God in the publick Offices by Prayers and Supplications with Intercessions and Thanksgivings for Kings especially and for all in Authority c. This could not be done orderly as all things were to be in the Christian Church without a set Form of Words which Timothy we may well think composed For those words 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that Prayers be made signifie as literally the Apostle would have Prayers and Supplications composed as that he would have them put up to God And I doubt not they signifie both First That they should be composed and then put up to God by the Church For you may observe further that the Apostles speak of this as their work Act. vi 4. where having bidden the Church look out some Men to be appointed to attend the business of providing for the poor they add but we will give our selves continually to Prayer and to the Ministry of the Word They made the Prayers where they were present as much as they ministred the Word Which is further manifest from hence that the Prayers of the Church of Jerusalem are called the Apostles Prayers Act. ii 42. And they continued stedfastly in the Apostles Doctrine and Fellowship and in breaking of Bread and in Prayers Observe here how all the faithful stedfastly continued in Prayers as well as hearing the Word And that they are First called Prayers in the Plural number not one but many Prayers and then that they are called the Apostles Prayers Prayers made by them For the word Apostles in the beginning belongs to all the three things that follow as well as to the first To the Apostles Fellowship and their breaking of Bread and their Prayers as well as to their Doctrine To be brief as John Baptist being a publick Minister sent of God taught his Disciples how to pray and our Blessed Lord taught his Apostles So his Apostles in like manner taught those whom they Converted according to the pattern Christ had left them and no question delivered the same power to those that should have the Supreme Guidance Direction and Government of the Church to compose Prayers suteable to Mens necessities in the several Nations where they lived and over whom they presided It may be thought indeed that the Extraordinary Gift they had in those dayes supplyed all But it is manifest both that every one had not that Extraordinary Gift of Prayer and that they also who had were to be so ordered and regulated in the exercise of it by the Governours of the Church that it might serve its Edification And nothing tended more to the Edification of the Church than that it should have a standing known Form of Prayers and Praises without which it could not be known how they Worshipped God and not depend merely upon that extraordinary Gift which was not constant but vouchsafed only on some special occasion according as God pleased to impart it Which is not said arbitrarily by me but it appears by a convincing Argument that this extraordinary Gift was not intended to serve the constant necessities of the Church but only some particular purposes for they who had it could not make others understand it and are therefore directed by the Apostle to pray they might be able to interpret that others might reap some benefit
thereby and be able to say Amen thereunto 1 Corinth xiv 13 14 15 16. Upon which words St. Chrysostome supposes they ended then their Blessing in the Spirit with the very same Form of words wherewith we now conclude our Doxologies or giving Glory to God viz. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for ever and ever or throughout all Ages World without end as we translate the Apostles words Ephes iii. 21. And Peter Martyr thought he had reason to acknowledge as much For upon the forenamed place 1 Cor. xiv 16. he hath this observation From hence we learn that even in those first times the publick Prayers were wont to be concluded with these words secula seculorum World without end And this place of the Apostle puts me in mind of another undeniable Argument for prescribed Forms of Worship in the Christian Church which is that singing Psalms and Hymns made up a great part of that Worship and could not possibly be performed by the whole Congregation unless they had before them that which was to be sung Therefore singing by the Spirit that is by a Spiritual Gift the Apostle makes small account of unless what was sung were put into such words that all the people might understand it and sing God's Praises together with him that was inspired This is the Apostles meaning when he bids them speak among themselves in Psalms and Hymns and Spiritual Songs singing and making melody in their heart to the Lord. Ephes v. 19. Where by Psalms I think all agree are meant the Psalms of David which were a constant set Form of Praise Hymns and Spiritual Songs were the compositions its like of inspired persons then in the Church which could not be sung by all unless they were communicated to the whole Company And then they were a Form also and we may well think were sung more than once it being very reasonable to conceive that they had not every time they met a new Hymn no more than a new Psalm For St. Paul blames it as a confused unedifying thing that when they came together met that is in the publick Assemblies every one had his particular Psalm c. 1 Cor. xiv 26. and commands all things should be done to edifying by making the Psalm common that is so that all might be the better for it Such I perswade my self were the Prayers and Hymns which St. Paul and Silas sung in Prison not each of them their own Private Prayer and Hymn but some Common Prayer and Form of Praise which they were wont to use Act. xvi 25. Such Hymns it is certain there were in the Church which were sung every Morning in praise of our Blessed Saviour as Pliny himself testifies And Eusebius produces an Ancient Writer asserting the Divinity of our Saviour out of the Hymns that had been of old used in the Church acknowledging his Divinity L. v. Eccles Hist chap. 28. And that Writer calls them Psalms and Hymns 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 written by the faithful from the beginning which celebrated Christ the Word of God as God indeed The most Ancient of all which was the Doxology we still use Glory be to the Father and to the Son together with the Holy Ghost as St. Basil * ad Amphilochium cap. 27 29. or whosoever was the Author of the Book concerning the Holy Spirit reports Where he saith that thus it run before the Arian times After which to show that the Church meant in those words to ascribe equal Glory unto the Holy Ghost with the Father and the Son it was altered into that Form wherein it now continues not with the Holy Ghost but to the Holy Ghost Which is the very same as to the sense there being no real difference whether we say Glory be to the Father and to the Son and to the Holy Ghost or Glory be to them with the Holy Ghost But to avoid all suspition of any distinction which the Church made between them the Form as it is now was thought better And so Ancient and Universal was this Form of Doxology that the Arians themselves used one very like to it giving Honour and Glory to the Father by his only begotten Son in the Holy Ghost as the same Writer informs us * Cap. 25. Which Originally had the same meaning with the other till they perverted it signifying as much as we say now in our Communion Service when we pray for the pardon of our Offences through Jesus Christ our Lord by whom and with whom in the Vnity of the Holy Ghost all Honour and Glory be unto thee O Father Almighty World without end I will not trouble the Reader with any more of the Ancient Hymns but only note that even in the Book of the Revelation we read not only of the Song of Moses but of the Song of the Lamb the latter of which was as much a set Form as the former and is there recorded Revel xv 3 4. Great and marvellous are thy Works Lord God Almighty just and true are thy wayes thou King of Saints Who would not fear thee O Lord and glorifie thy Name For thou only art Holy c. And what hath been said of Hymns may be as truly said of Prayers that the Church had from the beginning a Form of Divine Service which Justin Martyr calls 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Common Prayers and in Ignatius nearer to the Apostles time is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the common Supplication which we cannot well think was any other than such as he or some other Apostolical Man prescribed In Origen they are called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the prescribed or ordained Prayers regular Petitions which they who used were safe he saith from all the power of the Devil And as the Hymn they sung to Christ was so celebrated that the Pagans took notice of it as I observed before so these Forms of Prayer were now so well known to them that they got some scraps of them For we find these words 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Lord have mercy upon us in Epictetum in Arrianus a Pagan Philosopher who lived about the same time with Justin Martyr the next Age to the Apostles It is superfluous to add that the Emperour Constantine was wont to say with his whole Court 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as Eusebius * L. iv de vita Constant c. 17. calls them the appointed Prayers And delivered a Form of Prayer to his Army to be constantly used by the Souldiers which Eusebius also hath set down in his Life * Ib. cap. 20. Let me only note by the way to quicken the Reader to this Holy Duty that as this Religious Prince had dayly Prayers in his Palace which he frequented with his Courtiers making it an House of God So he had likewise certain * Ib. cap. 22. hours wherein he constantly retired to pray by himself As for following Ages we find frequent mention of Liturgies formed by the Apostles themselves
particularly by St. James Unto which though some Additions perhaps had been then made as there have been more since yet it is hard to think that a great number of Bishops would have owned a Liturgy as composed by St. James if there had not been a constant tradition among them that the Apostles left some stated Form of Prayer and Praise in the Churches which they governed But what need I trouble my self with a long proof of this matter when we have the Confession of the most Learned and Best Men among those whom they that dissent from us have been wont to reverence that there hath been no time wherein there was not a prescribed Form of Divine Service Let Dr. Preston speak for all in a Book of his much prized in former times * Saints dayly Exercise p. 80. where after he had owned that Christ prescribed a Form c. he adds And in the Church at all times both in the Primitive times and all along to the beginning of the Reformed times to Luther and Calvin 's time still in all times the Church had set Forms they used and I know no Objection of weight against it And in Answer to that common Objection which he calls the main one that in stinted Prayer the Spirit is straitned and limited c. He answers as we do now That even those Men that use this reason do the same dayly in the Congregation for when another prayes that is a set Form to him that hears it And therefore if that were a sufficient reason that a Man might not use a set Form because the Spirit is straitned he should not hear another pray at all though it be a conceived Prayer because in that case his Spirit is limited to what that Man saith And very judiciously adds That it is not a bond or restraint of the Spirit because there is a tye of Words For the largeness of the heart standeth not so much in the multitude and variety of Expressions as in the extent of Affection And at last concludes That a set Form of Prayer must be used Would to God they that scruple it would weigh such things as these it would not be long then before they liked nay loved that Form of Prayer which is used in this Church For it is so exactly conformable to the Rule of the Holy Apostle which I have often mentioned 1 Tim. ii 1. consisting of unexceptionable Prayers Supplications Intercessions and Thanksgivings that one cannot but think the Composers of it laid that Rule before them when they framed it It would be too long to give an Account of the whole Book which it is easie to show is made up of those four parts of Divine Service Look only into the Letany which is a word signifying properly a Supplication for the turning away of evil things with which it begins and then proceeds to Prayers and to Intercessions having in the end a general Form of Thanksgiving And observe the admirable Method of it It directs our Prayers to the ever Blessed Trinity Father Son and Holy Ghost the only Object of Worship and Fountain of Mercy Of whom we first deprecate evil things and that in the right order first desiring to be delivered from the evil of Sin both of the Spirit and of the flesh and then from the evil of punishment whether in outward or in inward judgments All this we pray to be delivered from by what Christ hath done and suffered for us and by that alone which is the most prevalent way of suing for Mercy And by the way observe that what some through misunderstanding I hope have been pleased to make the Subject of their Mirth and Sport is really and ought to be esteemed the most serious and effectual Supplication that can be made to our Lord. By whose Holy Nativity and Circumcision by his Baptism Fasting and Temptation by his Agony and bloody Sweat by his Cross and Passion by his Pretious Death and Burial by his Glorious Resurrection and Ascension and by the Coming of the Holy Ghost we pray to be delivered For thus it is Our Lord having humbled himself to be a Man for our sakes nay to take on him the form of a Servant and after all his other Sufferings at last to dye the Death of the Cross for us is gone with that Blood which was there shed into the Heavens and is exalted at God's Right Hand in the High and Holy Place where he represents all that he did and suffered from his coming into the World till his going out of it before God and in the vertue of his bloody Sacrifice which he made of himself pleads to have every thing from God which he hath promised and cannot be denied Now for us to beseech him that through the force of his Sufferings of all sorts especially of his cruel Death and the Glory that followed we may be delivered and saved from all evil is the most pathetical the most powerful way of intreaty and the most prevailing importunity that can be used It is as if we should say Lord show unto the Father what thou hast indured for us represent unto him thy obedience unto Death which he promised to reward with all power in Heaven and in Earth Exercise thy Royal Power which thou hast obtained by that humble Obedience for our Deliverance and Salvation As thou hast received the Gift of the Holy Ghost and imparted it to thy Apostles so pour it down more and more upon us also who believe the Gospel which they preached and testified to be the truth Then follow Petitions for all good things First For the Universal Church then for our own in particular For the King and Royal Family For all in Authority under him For all sorts of Persons and for all sorts of Blessings both for Soul and Body Be at the pains I beseech you to read and consider it with such Observations as these and it alone will be sufficient to make you in love with the rest of the Book of Common Prayer A Book so fully perfected according to the Rules of our Christian Religion Dr. Taylor Rector of Hadley in every behalf that no Christian Conscience in the opinion of a famous Martyr in Queen Maries Dayes whose words these are could be offended with any thing therein contained And therefore I conclude that as it would have been a great Sin in the Church of Ephesus if they had dislikeâ— and rejected that way of Supplications Prayers Intercessions and Thanksgivingâ— wherein Timothy led them to serve God so it will be still in us if we refuse those Directions which are given us in the Divine Service by our Spiritual Governours when it is manifest they guide us by the Word of God and the Apostolical practice according to it If they had composed a Divine Service wherein they required us to prâ—â— to Angels or to Saints departed tâ—â— Life or to supplicate God by theâ—â— Merits and their Intercession we should