Glory and Dominion through all ages for ever Amen FINIS THE PROFIT OF BELIEVING Very usefull Both for all those that are not yet resolved what Religion they ought to embrace And for them that desire to know whither their Religion be true or no. Written by S. Augustine LONDON Printed by ROGER DANIEL In Lovels Court near Pauls Church-yard 1651. The Preface To the well-disposed READER Learned Reader I Know thou art not ignorant that of all the affairs and businesses in this world there is none of that consequence and importance unto thee as the saving of thy soul and that our Blessed Saviour who knew best of all the mestimable value thereof and vouchsafed to redeem it at so dear a rate as with his own pretious bloud plainly declared the importance thereof when he said in the Gospel Mat. 16.16 What is a man profited if he shall gain the world nnd loose his own soul Or what shall he give in exchange thereof Wherefore let me advise thee to seek out and embrace the true Faith and Religion for that without such a Faith according to the Apostle Heb. 11.6 it is impossible to please God and without pleasing of him it is impossible to be saved If thou thinkest that thou hast found out the truth already and that thou dost embrace it then give me leave to tell thee that the world at this present abounds with an hundred heresies at least the embracers whereof shall not according to S. Pauls doctrine Gal. 5.20 inherit the kingdome of God and yet as the same Apostle doth affirm Ephes 4.5 there is but one Lord one Faith one Baptisme so that it is an hundred to one but that thy Faith and thy Religion are false and thy salvation is in danger thereby Is there not then great reason that thou shouldest well consider whither the Faith and Religion which thou embracest be true or no when upon this resolution depends thy fruition of unspeakable blisse or intolerable suffering of endlesse pains for all eternity How to find out the true Faith Religion it is a matter of very great difficulty not onely by reason that there are many faiths and religions in the world and of all these there is but one true and all the rest be false but also for that the controversies debated now adayes are so many and so intricate that few have leasure to study them and fewer ability to conceive and understand them yet the zeal of learned Writers hath not been wanting to satisfie men herein But what age since the Apostles dayes hath brought forth any man so able to perform so great a task as was that incomparable Doctor S. Augustine lib. 3. de Eccles fol. 170. who as Doctour Field asserteth was the greatest and chiefest of the antient Fathers and the most famous of all the Divines which the Church hath had since the Apostles time and as Doctour Covell affirmeth in his answer to Master Burges pag. 3. hath farre excelled all others that have been or are like to be hereafter those onely excepted that were inspired by the Holy Ghost both in Divine and Humane knowledge What man since the Apostles dayes could ever so well discern true doctrine from false truth from errour and true faith from heresie as could that great S. Augustine who did not onely like another David fight against the Goliah of one heresie but like another Joshua fought the battels of the Lord against all the force and power of heresie in his dayes for fourty years together Wherefore if this great Doctour should have left any advises or instructions behinde him unto any of his dear friends that were then hereticks whereby he taught them how to find out the true faith and religion amongst so many heresies ought not such instructions to be greatly desired and if any such could be found to be highly esteemed and diligently perused Surely thou wilt say that coming from so great a Doctour and being so proper and necessary fot these times without doubt they ought Why then Learned Reader give me leave to present unto thee a learned Treatise of his which he sent unto his dear and learned friend Honoratus to draw him from the Manichean heresie to the true Religion I durst not presume to tender it unto thee in this poor English habit were I not confident that thou seekest more after the true Religion and the saving of thy soul then after vain eloquence the entising words of humane wisdome 1 Cor. 2.4 but I will assure thee under this poore attire thou wilt find a rich and a learned discourse of great S. Augustine not onely very profitable for those that are not yet resolved in point of Religion but also for them that dere to be satisfied whither the faith and Religion which they embrace be true or no. If the stile be displeasing and ungratefull unto thee know that very many of the African Fathers have harsh stiles besides consider how hard a matter it is to teach a native African to speak true English In this work first he shews how the old Testament is to be expounded and defends the Authority of it against the Manichees that rejected it Secondly he overthrowes that Manichean principle That nothing is to be believed in point of Faith which is not first by reason made manifest and evident unto the Believer In the third place he adviseth fervent and frequent prayer peace and tranquility of mind and a sequestration of affections from terrene things as aids necessary for the finding out the truth then declaring that Christ hath raised a very great and a famous Church consisting of all Nations which is to continue very visible and conspicuous even to the worlds end he exhorts Honoratus to addresse himself unto the Pastours and Teachers thereof and to learn of them the true faith and Religion This way of proceeding to find out the truth is far more short and easie then by the examination of all the points of controverted doctrine by their conformity to the holy Scriptures for it consists in two points onely first in seeking out which of all the Churches is the Church of Christ and secondly whither this Church can erre or no. For the finding out of the Church S. Augustine proposed four marks unto Honoratus Unity Universality Sanctity and Apostolicall Succession the which are set down very plainly in Scripture The Unity of the Church is twofold in body and in faith in regard of the first our Saviour saith his Church is one fold and hath one shep-heard Joh. 10.16 and the Apostle calls it one body 1 Cor. 12.13 In respect of the second S. Paul earnestly exhorted the Corinthians 1 Cor. 1.10 to speak the same thing and that there be no division amongst them but that they be perfectly joyned together in the same mind and in the same judgement and he beseeched the Ephesians to endeavour to keep the unity of the spirit in the bond of peace Ephes 4.3 4 5. affirming
that there is one body and one spirit one hope of their calling one Lord one Faith one Baptisme and the Scripture testifieth that in the Apostles dayes the multitude of Believers were of one heart and of one soul Acts 4.32 The Universality of the Church is also twofold in time and in place this later was foretold by the Prophet Moses relating Gods promise made to Abraham of an ample posterity and that all the nations of the earth should be blessed in his seed Gen. 22.18 Gal. 3.8 by the Royall Psalmist declaring that God the Father would give unto his Son the heathen for his inheritance and the uttermost part of the earth for his possession Psal 2.8 and that he should have dominion from sea to sea and from the River to the ends of the earth Psal 72.8 and by the Prophet Isaiah affirming that all nations shall flow to the mountain of the Lords house Isa 2. v. 2. For the accomplishment of these Prophecies our Blessed Saviour declared Luke 24. v. 44. that all things must be fulfilled which were written in the law of Moses aend in the Prophets and in the Psalmes concerning him and v. 47. that repentance and remission of sinnes should be preached in his name among all uations beginning at Jerusalem and for the performance hereof he gave a commission unto his Apostles to teach all nations Matth. 28.19 and to preach the Gospel to every creature Mar. 19. v. 15. That the Church of Christ should be universall for time and continue perpetually unto the worlds end it was plainly foretold by the Prophet Isaiah who speaking of our B. Saviour saith that of the encrease of his government and peace there shall be no end Vpon the throne of David and upon his kingdome shall he sit to order it and to establish it with judgement and with justice from henceforth even for ever and that no doubt may be made of the performance hereof the Prophet addes the zeal of the Lord of Hosts will perform this And by the Prophet Daniel affirming that in the dayes of those Kings shall the God of heaven set up a kingdome which shall not be left to other people but it shall break in pieces and consume all those kingdomes and it shall stand for ever Dan. 2.44 All which was confirmed by the Angel Gabriel saying The Lord shall give unto Christ the throne of his Father David and he shall reign over the house of Jacob and of his kingdome there shall be no end Luke 1. ver 32 33. For the perpetuall settlement and establishing of this Church Christ said unto S. Peter Vpon this rock I will build my Church and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it Matth. 16.18 Touching the sanctity of the Church of Christ God by the Prophet Ezekiel saith I will set my sanctuary in the midst of them for evermore and the heathen shall know that I the Lord do sanctifie Israel when my sanctuary shall be in the midst of them for evermore Ezek 37. v. 26 28. and by the Prophet Malachi Mal. 1.11 From the rising of the sunne even to the going down of the same my name shall be great among the Gentiles and in every place incense shall be offered unto my name and a peace-offering Unto this sanctity our Blessed Saviour exhorts us saying Let your light so shine before men that they may see your good works and glorifie your Father which is in heaven Matth. 5.16 and Mark 7. v. 13 14. Enter ye in at the strait gate for strait is the gate and narrow the way which leadeth unto life and few there be that find it And teaching how to distinguish the good from the bad he saith v. 20. By their fruits ye shall know them As for Apostolicall succession S. Paul saith Ephes 4. v. 11 12 13. that Christ gave some Apostles and some Prophets and some Evangelists and some Pastours and teachers for the perfecting of the Saints for the work of the ministery for the edifying of the body of Christ till we all come into the unity of faith and of the unity of the Sonne of God unto a perfect man unto the measure of the stature of the fulnesse of Christ that is as Doctour Fulk against the Rhem. Test in Ephes 4. sect 4. fol. 335. and Mr. Calvin in his Instit cap. 8. de fide sect 37 38. pag. 233. 234. do expound for ever As for the second point whether the Church of Christ can erre or no S Augustine saith that neither the violence of heathens nor the subtilty of hereticks can overthrow it which agrees with our Savionrs promise Matth. 16.18 that the gates of hell shall not prevail against it and to preserve her from all errour and heresie Christ promised to be alwayes with her even to the worlds end Matth. 28.20 and God made this covenant with her Isa 59.21 My spirit that is upon thee and my words which I have put in thy mouth shall not depart out of thy mouth nor out of the mouth of thy seed nor out of the mouth of thy seeds seed saith the Lord from henceforth and for ever by which words saith Mr. Calvin in Comment hujus loci God promiseth that the Church shall never be deprived of this inestimable benefit to be governed by the Holy Ghost and to be suported by heavenly doctrine and to this effect he sent down the Holy Ghost to teach the Church all truth and to remain with her for ever Joh. 16.13 Joh. 14.16 Thus thou seest how S. Augustines instructions for finding out the truth are grounded in Scripture but more expressely in S. Pauls doctrine who tells us Rom. 10.17 that faith cometh by hearing and hearing is by the word of God if we ask him how men may come to heare the word of God he answers v. 14 15. How shall they hear without a preacher and how shall they preach unlesse they be sent So that faith is bred in men by hearing and believing the word of God made known unto them by preachers lawfully sent which preachers as he saith to the Ephesians Ephes 4. v. 11 12 13. are alwayes to be found in the Church of Christ and are placed there ver 14. that from henceforth we be no more children tossed to fro and carried about with every wind of doctrine by the sleighs of men and cunning craftinesse whereby they lie in wait to deceive which is an office that cannot be performed by men that are frail and subject to errour unles the Lord by his divine assistance doth preserve them from erring Doctour Field having considered the facility and solidity of this method doth advise all those to practise it that desire to be satisfied in matters of Religion in these terms Epist dedic of the Church Seeing the controversies in our time are grown in number so many and in nature so intricate that few have time and leisure fewer strength of understanding to examine them what remaineth for men desirous
maintained without sin so neither impugned without some blot of offence CHAP. V. BUt some man will say why then doth God very often permit certain notable and excellent men in the Church to preach unto Catholicks a new Religion A very good question and such as deserveth a more diligent and ample discourse unto which notwithstanding I will not answer out of mine own head but with the authority of sacred Scripture and the doctrine of a notable Master in Gods Church let us then hear holy Moses let him give us the reason why learned men and such as for their great gift of knowledge are called of the Apostle Prophets be sometimes permitted to preach new Doctrine which the old Testament Allegorically calleth strange gods because their opinions are so observed and honoured of Hereticks as the gods were of the Gentiles thus then writeth blessed Moses in Deuteron 13. If there shall arise quoth he in the middest of thee a Prophet or one which saith he hath seen a dream that is some Master of the Church whose Disciples or followers suppose to teach by some revelation from God what then and shall foretell quoth he some sign or miracle and that shall happen which he hath said some great Master is here surely meant and one of so deep knowledge whom his followers imagine not onely to know things humane but also to foresee future and such as shall happen which is farre above mans reach as the scholers for the most part of Valentinus Donatus Photinus Apollinaris and such like did brag that their masters were What followeth And shall quoth he say unto thee let us go and follow strange Gods which thou knowest not and let us serve them What is meant by strange Gods but forrein errours which thou knowest not that is new and never heard of before and let us serve them that is believe them follow them What then Thou shalt not quoth he hear the words of that Prophet or Dreamer And why I pray you is not that forbidden by God to be taught which is by God forbidden to be heard Because quoth he the Lord your God doth tempt you that it may appear whether you love him or no in your whole heart and in your whole soul The reason then is more clear then day why the providence of God doth sometime suffer certain teachers and masters of the Church to Preach certain new opinions that your Lord God quoth he may tempt you And surely a great tentation it is when as he whom you think a Prophet a diseiple of the Prophets whom you esteem a Doctour and maintainer of the truth whom you have highly reverenced and most intirely loved when he suddenly and privily bringeth in pernicious errours which neither you can quickly spy lead away with prejudice of your old teacher nor easily condemn hindered with love to your old master CHAP. VI. HEre some man haply doth earnestly desire to see that proved by some Ecclesiasticall examples which by the authority of Moses hath already been avouched The demand is reasonable and therefore of reason not long to be deferred Wherefore to begin with those which are yet fresh in memory and to the world best known What kind of tentation think you was that of late dayes when that ungracious and cursed Nestorius suddenly from a sheep transformed into a wolf began to devoure the flock of Christ at such time as those which were spoiled commonly took him for a sheep and therefore were more subject to his cruelty For who would have easily imagined him to have erred whom every man knew to have been chosen with such judgement of the Empire who was so highly in grace with the Clergy so much beloved of all holy men so greatly in favour with the people who openly expounded the Scriptures and also confuted the pestiferous errour of the Jews why could not this man by such means easily perswade any that he taught aright preached aright believed aright who to smooth the way and make entrance for his own heresie persecuted and preached against the blasphemies of all others But this was that which Moses saith The Lord your God doth tempt you if you love him or no. And to passe over Nestorius in whom was alwayes more admiration then profit more fame then experience whom for some time humane favour had made greater then Gods grace exalted Let us rather speak of them which endowed with many gifts and men of great industrie have been no small tentation to Catholicks as amongst the Pannonians in our Fathers memory Photinus is recorded to have tempted the Church of Sirminum in which being preferred with the liking of all men unto the dignity of Priesthood for sometime he behaved himself very Catholickly but suddenly like that naughty Prophet or Dreamer of whom Moses speaketh he began to perswade the people of God committed to his charge to follow other gods that is strange and unknown errours which before they were not acquainted with But as this is usuall so that was very pernicious that he had so great helps and furtherance for the advancing of so great wickednesse For he was both of an excellent wit and singularly well learned and passing eloquent as he which both in disputation and writing was copious and grave in either language as appeareth by the Books which he wrote partly in Greek and partly in the Latine tongue But it hapned well that Christs sheep committed to his charge very vigilant and carefull in keeping the Catholick faith did speedily remember Moses warning and therefore albeit they admired much the eloquence of their Prophet and Pastour yet were they not ignorant of the temptation And therefore whom before they followed as the chief leader of the flock the same very man afterward they avoided as a ravening wolf Neither do we learne only by Photinus but also by the example of Apollinaris the danger of this ecclesiasticall tentation and therby also be admonished diligently to keep and retaine our faith and religion For this Apollinaris procured his auditours great trouble anguish of mind whilest the authoritie of the Church drew them one way and the acquaintance of their master haled them another so that wavering and tottering betwixt both they were uncertaine whether part was best to be followed But haply he was such a one as easely deserved to be contemned Nay he was so famous and worthie a man that in very many things he vvon credite to fast For who surpassed him in sharpnes of wit in exercise in learning how many heresies in many and great books hath he overthrown how many errors against the faith hath he confuted That most notable and great work of thirtie books in which with great waight of reason he confounded the franticke cavills of Porphirius doth give credit to my report and testifie the truth of my relation It were too long to rehearse up all his works for which he might have been compared to the cheefe pillours of Gods Church
had not the prophane licentiousnesse of hereticall curiositie by inventing I know not what new opinion spotted and discredited all his former labours whereby his doctrine was accounted not so much an edification as an ecclesiasticall tentation CHAP. VII HEre some man perhaps requireth to know what heresies these men above named taught that is Nestorius Appollinaris Photinus This pertaineth not to the matter whereof we now intreat for it is not our purpose to dispute against each mans particuler error but only by a few examples plainly and clearly to prove that to be most true which Moyses saith that if at any time any ecclesiasticall doctour yea and a Prophet for interpreting the misteries of the prophetical visions goeth about to bring in any new opinion into the Church that the providence of God doth permit it for our proofe and triall But because it will be profitable I will by a little digression briefely set down what the forenamed hereticks Photinus Apollinaris and Nestorius taught This then is the heresie of Photinus he affirmeth that God is as the Jewes beleeve singular and solitary denying the fulnesse of the Trinitie not beleving that there is any person of the word of God or of the holy ghost he affirmeth also that Christ was only man who had his begining of the virgin MARY teaching verie earnestly that we ought to worship only the person of God the father and to honour Christ only for man This then was Photinus opinion now Apollinaris vaunteth much as though he beleved the unitie of Trinitie with full sound faith but yet blasphemeth he manifestly against our Lords incarnation For he saith that our Saviour either had not mans soul at all or at least such a one as was neither indued with mind or reason furthermore he affirmeth that Christs body was not taken of the flesh of the holy virgin MARY but descended from heaven into the wombe of the Virgin holding yet doubtfully inconstantly some time that it was coeternall to the word of God some time that it was made of the divinitie of the word for he would not admit two maner of substances in Christ the one divine the other humane the one of his Father the other of his Mother but did think that the verie nature of the word was divided into two parts as though the one remained in God and the other was turned into flesh that wheras the truth saith that Christ is one consisting of two substances he contrary to the truth affirmeth of the one divinitie of Christ to be two substances and these be the assertions of Apollinaris But Nestorius sicke of a contrarie disease whilest he faineth a distinction of two substances in Christ suddenly bringeth in two persons and with monstrous wickednes will needs have two sonnes of God two Christs one that was God and another that was man one begotten of the Father another begotten of his Mother And therefore he saieth that the holy Virgin MARY is not to be called the mother of God but the mother of Christ because that Christ which was borne of her was not God but man And if any man think that in his books he saith there was one Christ and that he preached one person of Christ I must needs confesse that he lacketh not ground to say so for that he did either of craftie pollicie the rather to deceave that by some good things he might the more easely perswade that which is evill as the Apostle saith By the good thing he hath wrought me death R. 7. Wherfore either craftely as I said in certaine places of his writings he vaunteth to beleeve one person in Christ or else surely he did hold that after our Ladies deliverie two persons became in such sort one Christ that yet in the time of our Ladies conception or deliverie and for some time after there were two Christs and that Christ was born first like unto another man and only was man and not yet joyned in unitie with the person of God the word and that afterward the person of the word descended down assuming and joyning him self to that man in unitie of person and although he now remaine in glorie assumpted for some time yet there seemeth to have been no difference betwixt him and other men Thus then Nestorius Apollinaris Phatinus like mad doggs barked against the Catholick Church Photinus not confessing the Trinity Apollinaris maintaining the nature of the Word convertible and not confessing two substances in Christ denying also either the whol soul of Christ or at least that it was indued with mind and reason beleeving for his pleasure what he liked of the second person in Trinitie Nestorius by defending either alwayes or for some time two Christs But the Catholick Church beleeving aright both of God and of our Saviour neither blasphemeth against the misterie of the Trinitie nor against the incarnation of Christ for it worshipeth one Divinitie in Trinitie reverenceth the equalitie of the Trinitie in one and the same majestie confessing one Christ not two and the self same both God and man beleeving in him one person yet acknowledging two substances but yet beleeving one person two substances because the word of God is not mutable that it can be turned into flesh one person least professing two sonnes it may seeme to worship a quaternitie and not to adore the Trinitie CHAP. VIII BUt it is worth the labour to declare this matter more plainly more substantially more distinctly In God is one substance and three persons in Christ be two substances but one person In the Trinitie there is another and another but not another and another thing In our Saviour is not another and another but another another thing How is there in the Trinitie another and another but not another and another thing Marry because there is another person of the father another of the sonne and another of the holy ghost But yet not another another nature but one the self same How is there in our Saviour another and another thing not another and another because there is another substance of the divinitie and another substance of the humanitie but yet the deitie and the humanitie is not another and another but one and the selfe same Christ one and the same sonne of God and one and the selfe same person of the selfe same Christ and sonne of God As in a man the body is one thing and the soule is another thing but yet the body and the soule are but one and the selfe same man In Peter Paul the soule is one thing the body is another thing and yet the body and the soule are not two Peters nor the soule is not one Paul and the body another Paul but one and the selfe same Peter one and the selfe same Paul subsisting of a double divers nature of the body and the soule So therefore in one and the selfe same Christ there are two substances but one a divine
men to scorn yea our Lord shall have them inderifion For indeed the naturall man perceiveth not the things of the Spirit of God for they seem foolishnesse unto him neither can he understand them because they are spiritually discerned But the true Christion the man that hath supernaturall light in him shall discern them and if with pure intention and an humble heart he set himself to the reading of holy Scriptures meditating or considering well what he reades and begging the grace of divine illumination with constancy and perseverance from God This man I say shall doubtlesse be wonderfully elevated by reading and fitted for divine favours and shall find those endlesse and immortall pleasures in them which do incomparably exceed the greatest of this world For this is certain every Thing is best delighted with that which is connaturall unto it as different humours do alwayes affect different recreations according to that of the Poet Trahit sua quemque voluptas Every man hath his own fancy But unto him that is indued with supernatur all light the most naturall that is most agreeable study of all is certainly the study of holy Scriptures which proceeded from that same fountain of light Therefore also in the reading and contemplation of them the true Christian finds his greatest content Besides every Thing is best pleased in such kind of Action as is most proper for it self But there is nothing more proper for a Christian then the Contemplation of Christ crucified by the study of Scripture For should he go about to conceive or meditate of him meerly according to naturall reason or the principles of Philosophy neglecting Scripture he would certainly find lesse proficiency and perhaps run himself into some hazard of dangerous errour for such contemplation were purely naturall imperfect and by which he should never attain unto the mysteries of Faith of which thing we have examples in our modern Divines who seeming to give themselves wholly to Aristotle and the study of Philosophy are become generally lesse devout lesse Contemplatiue then the meanest of the people Besides Truth which is the object of understanding the higher it is the greater delight it causeth in the acquisition now the verityes of holy Scripture are the most high and mysterious of all other because they treat principally of such things as be undiscernable by naturall light Again in regard of the inconstancy of mans nature which is neuer long delighted with the same thing but alwayes affects variety and change of pleasure the sacred Scriptures do become a most agreeable exercise to our spirit For how admirable how ravishing is that variety we meet with in them of Histories of senses of Types of Figures and yet a most exquisite harmony between them all All the parts All the Books of the Old and New Testament exactly consenting in one and pointing unto the same generall and supream verity or end which is the love of God and our neighbour of which while they treat sometime historically and plainly sometime more mystically and profoundly they do as it were present a nose-gay of celestiall and various flowers unto our soul which continually changing do yet most constantly encrease spirituall content We conclude therefore that in the reading and meditation of holy Scripture most exquisite delights be found The XVII Conclusion THat a good Christian the more simply that is to say sincerely he liveth the greater consolation he hath from God from our Lord Jesus Christ and from the study of holy Scriptures This is true whither we speak of simplicity only Interiour or that of the heart for the understanding or mind of man together with his affections the more pure and sincere they be so much the more do they render him fit and capable of divine Illustrations For this simplicity of heart doth indeed require that we be altogether purged from terrene and grosse affections to the end that a mans spirit might be intirely set upon God and by this simplicity or purity as much as may be made like unto him It is true also in regard of simplicity exteriour or that which consisteth in the Actions and conversation of men as is manifest For to contemplate well divine mysteries it is necessary that the heart of man be in great rest and very well composed in it self and therefore we see commonly that those who desire to partake of divine Illuminations do retire themselves as much as may be from the noyse and disturbances of the world as of the Spouse in the Canticles it is said I will lead her into the wildernesse saith he that is into solitude and there will I speak to her heart And in an other place He shall sit alone and keep silence because by so doing he shall be lifted up above himself And contrariwise we see the richer a man is and more incombred with worldly affairs the lesse is he affected unto contemplation but where a mans outward affairs are few or none there is alwayes lesse distraction of mind Therefore our holy Fathers and predecessours in the Contemplative life were alwayes wont to renounce their affairs of the world and retire themselves into Solitude thereby more promptly and readily to attend Divine Meditations Every man therefore in his particular degree and quality shall find the more simply and uprightly he indeavours to live the greater Consolations he shall receive from God and from Christ The XVIII Conclusion THat the Christian life is the onely Blessed life Never was there nor ever shall be found out any kind of life more happy then that because none better If therefore the life of any men may be accounted happy in this world it is certainly that of Christians For if we observe it comprehendeth all those perfections wherein the Philosophers antiently placed happinese and so hath whatsoever they judged good and desireable as for example if we place happinesse as some of them did in the Contemplation of God and things Divine there is none more excellent and perfect then those which the Christian life affordeth If we place it in morall virtue and in the life active that is in good government of our selves and others there is no better to be desired by man then that which Christian Philosophy prescribeth If we place it in riches honours powers dignities or other goods of the body though this may seem hardest yet the Christian life is not altogether uncapable of these and hath no absolute repugnance to them for we say Whatsoever perfection appears in the effect is some way or other in the cause as the Sunne which causeth heat in all inferiour bodies is it self also at least virtually hot it is not indeed necessary the cause should contain every particular perfection of the effect formally and in the same manner as the effect doth it sufficeth that it be contained eminently as we say or by some more excellent way then it is in the effect So in proportion we also say that the Christian life doth
good conjectures he find that he may have obtained the Grace of God Now the best of that sort especially for beginners seem to be these viz. if he find in himself a great and earnest dislike of his sins past and of himself for them a serious intention never to return to them again a firm purpose to live hereafter according to the law of God and the duties of that state wherein he is a delight and taking pleasure in divine matters and in doing of good works a contempt of the world and of all worldly things lastly a longing desire of the life to come with a wearinesse of this present He that by such signs as these shall perceive that by Gods grace he is become a Christian must also know that in the way of God not to go forward is to go backward and that he onely goeth forward who findeth himself to grow daily stronger and more fervent in the grace of God and in all virtue Now this is chiefly procured by continuall Prayers as we have said elsewhere which no man can make rightly but he that studyeth Simplicity that is to say Sincerity or purity of heart integrity of conversation together with neglect or renouncing of whatsoever is superfluous He therefore that desires to live Christianly according to the duty of that State wherein he intendeth to fix and settle himself must be carefull as we say to live Simply that is Innocently Purely and undissemblingly and in a word answerably in all things to what his profession requireth so as he may be alwayes as much as possible intent upon Divine and Good Things I mean upon the Service of God by Prayer Meditation and other Duties of Religion or upon the Service of his Neighbour by works of mercy spirituall corporall at home and abroad But because it is difficult yea almost impossible to give instructions here proper for all persons by reason of the different estates and conditions of men I shall advise every one who hath desire to live indeed this life of a Christian to addresse himself to some good Ghostly-Father who by his learning and experience may be able to direct him and according to his counsell to govern himself in his spirituall affairs But let him take heed that he fall not into the hands of those luke-warm and indifferent Confessours who have indeed some form or shew of piety but renounce the power thereof It may be thought perhaps very hard to escape such persons who have outwardly pretenses of sanctity and God onely is the discerner of hearts Nay whereas it is said by their fruits ye shall know them though they bee indeed but a kind of hypocrites and dissemblers yet have they some apparence of good works How then shall we know them I say still it shall not be difficult to know them for any man that desires to walk uprightly seeing it is written Light is sprung up even in darknesse to the upright in heart And in another place Your anointing shall teach you all things And even in naturall things we see those which have different forms can never absolutely agree especially if those forms be contrary now the form that is to say the spirit and disposition of a true Christian and of a formalist are as contrary as can be the one that is to say the true Christian looking onely at the service of God the other ever to his own interest therefore 't is impossible they should resemble in all things and consequently impossible that the true Christian who is himself zealous for God and of a right intention should not discern him who is but luke-warm and an hypocrite especially after some conversation and that the Anointing of the Holy Ghost as was said Illuminates him As soon therefore as it appears that the Father whom he hath chosen is one of those who are not as they should be let him fly from him as he would fly from a Serpent for as Solomon saith He that walketh with the wise shall be wise but the friend of fools shall become like unto them But having found a good man indeed let him open the very secrets of his heart to him let him often and plainly confesse his sinnes and according to his advise let him frequent the holy Communion for as we have shewen elsewhere amongst all the Ceremonies of Religion the Sacraments of Pennance of the Eucharist are most efficacious both to cause to augment and to preserve Grace And therefore 't is the duty of every good Christian to keep himself diligently in estate to frequent those Sacraments with devotion After that a man is thus become a Christian and labours to live Christianly the Third precept I am to give him is This That he consider well that by many Tribulations we must enter into the king dome of God For we say in Christian Religion that to live well we must do good and suffer evill and so persevere unto death He therefore that desires to live like a Christian must prepare and fit himself for tribulation according to that of the wise man My sonne when thou comest to serve God saith he stand in fear and prepare thine heart for Temptation because adversity foreseen doth lesse trouble us And that he may more easily endure that which comes let him often remember the labours and passions of our Blessed Saviour and of his Saints as well of the New as the Old Testament let him read frequently the histories and lives of the Saints because as the Apostle saith Whatsoever things are written for our learning they are written that we by Patience and Consolation of the Scriptures might have Hope let him often yea continually if it were possible haue before his eyes the shortnesse of this life and the eternity of that which is to come that is to say the eternity of our glory or pains For seeing nothing can hinder but that this short life of ours must quickly passe away that at the end of this we must of necessity arrive at the other which never shall have end whosoever shall seriously and duely think of this will surely lesse regard the troubles of the world nay he will think himself happy if by them he can escape those eternall pains of hell and gain heaven though at last He must also remember that God Almighty hath prepared most excellent rewards for all those who for his Sake suffer temptations and persecutions here as it is written Eye hath not seen nor the ear heard neither hath it entred into the heart of man what things God hath prepared for them that love him He that thinks of this will not certainly much shrink at any temporary tribulations but rather be ready to cry out confessing with the Apostle that the passions of this present life are not equall to the Glory which is to come which shall be revealed in us by the Grace of our Lord Jesus Christ To whom with the Father and the Holy Ghost be ascribed
that we have no usuall names for these things and if I had framed any by-interpretation I should be lesse apt to be understood and if I should use any circumlocution I should be lesse quick and lesse ready in discoursing this onely I intreat and beseech thee to believe that howsoever I may erre I do it not out of any arrogancy or pride The Scripture is treated according to the history when it is declared therein what is written or what is done and what is not done but written onely as it were done According to the Etiology when it is shewed thereby for what cause any thing is either done or said According to the Analogy when it is demonstrated that the two Testaments the Old and the New are not contrary the one unto the other According to the Allegory when it is read therein that certain things that are written ought not to be understood according to the letter but according to the figure All these manner of wayes of alledging Scripture have been used by our Lord Jesus Christ and by the Apostles He cited Scripture according to the History when unto those that objected that his Disciples had plucked the ears of Corn upon the Sabbath day he answered Have ye not read what David did when he was an hungred and they that were with him how he entred into the house of God and did eat the loaves of Proposition or Shew-bread which it was not lawfull for him to eat neither for them that were with him but for Priests onely Mat. 12.1 3 4. 1 Sam. 21.6 Exod. 29.32 He alledged Scripture according to the Etiology when having forbidden the dismissing of wives for any cause but onely fornication unto the Pharisees who told him that Moses had given men leave to dismisse them having first given them a bill of divorce he said This Moses did for the hardnesse of your hearts Deut. 24.1 Mat. 19.8 for here a cause was rendred why that was well permitted by Moses for a time to the end that this which Christ commanded might seem to shew and demonstrate other times but to declare how the divine Providence hath with a certain wonderfull disposition ordered and composed the courses and order of these times it is a long work Now touching the Analogy whereby appears the accord and consent of both the Testaments what shall I say but that all those have used it unto whose authority the Manichees do give place when as they may consider with themselves how many things they are wont to say are thrust into the divine Scripture by I know not what corrupters of the truth which I alwayes thought to be an extream weak speech even when I heard and followed them neither was this my opinion onely but thine also for I well remember it and it was the opinion of us all who endeavoured to be somewhat more carefull and wary in judging then was the common people and multitude of believers And whereas they have expounded and declared unto me many things that did much move and trouble me namely those wherein they boasted and bragged oftentimes and that more abundantly because more securely as not having any adversary to resist and oppose them I think they have spoken nothing more impudently or to speak more mildly with lesse circumspection and more weaknesse then that the divine Scriptures are falsified and corrupted when as it ought but lately to have been done and yet they cannot convince it to be so by any copies that are now extant for if they did say that they did not think that they ought to receive those Scriptures at all because they are written by such Authours as they did not conceive to have written the truth their pretence of rejecting them would in some sort be more hidden and their errour more humane and pardonable for upon this ground they have rejected the book which is called the Acts of the Apostles at which their proceedings when I well weigh it and consider it with my self I cannot sufficiently wonder and admire for they wanted not onely humane wisdome herein but even a reasonable and an indifferent judgement for that book hath so many things which are like unto those which they do receive that it seems to me to be a great folly not to receive this also and if any thing displeaseth them therein presently to say it is salfe and put in now if they judge such a speech to be impudent as indeed it is why should they conceive those things to deserve any credit and esteem in S. Paul's Epistles and the four books of the Gospell wherein I know not whether or no proportionably speaking there be many more things then there could be in that book which they would have men believe to have been thrust in by falsifiers and corrupters But this indeed is my opinion which I request thee to weigh and consider with me with a very clear and peaceable judgement for thou art not ignorant how the Manichees endeavouring to bring in the the person of their authour Manicheus into the number of the Apostles do say that by him we have received the Holy Ghost whom our Lord promised to send to his Disciples if therefore they should receive those Acts of the Apostles wherein the comming of the Holy Ghost is evidently declared and set down Act. 2.2 they could find no ground to say why that was inserted and put in for they pretend I know not what corrupters of the divine books to have been before Manicheus his time and that they were corrupted by those that desired to confound the law of the Jews with the Gospel of Christ but this they cannot say of the Holy Ghost unlesse peradventure they will affirm that the corrupters could foretell things that were to come and thereupon did put into their books that which might be produced against one Manicheus who sometimes was to come and who should say and averre that he had sent the Holy Ghost but of the Holy Ghost we intend to speak more plainly hereafter but now let us return to our former matter for I think that I have sufficiently demonstrated and shewn that the historicall sense is to be found in the Old Testament and the Etiologicall and Analogicall in the New it remains that I shew also the Allegoricall therein Our Redeemer himself alledgeth in the Gospel an Allegory out of the Old Testament saying This generation seeketh after a sign and none shall be given unto it but the sign of the Prophet Jonas for as Jonas was three dayes and three nights in the Whales belly so shall the Sonne of man be three dayes and three nights in the heart of the earth Mat. 12.39 40. Jonas 1.17 And what shall I say of the Apostle Paul who also in his 1 Ep. to the Corinthians c. 10. to the 12. v. signifies that the history it self of Exodus was an Allegory of the Christian people that was to come Moreover Brethren I would not saith he that ye
to do perversly learn to do well Come disprove me if you can or if you cannot Confesse that the things which we preach unto you are True The XV. Conclusion THat Christians in the Contemplation of Christ crucified also do find inestimable delectations We come to the knowledge of Invisible things in this life by the means of things visible because as philosophy teacheth our understanding naturally follows the phantasie that is apprehends nothing but what is prepared as it were and offered to her from thence Now there is no visible object in the world which can more effectually lead us unto the knowledge and contemplation of divine things then the Consideration of Christ crucified proceeding from a lively Faith Because indeed nothing can more effectually declare the goodnesse and inestimable charity of God towards man For seeing that to be loved is a thing of it self very agreeable to nature to be beloved in this manner of God that is unto so high a pitch that he should vouchsafe to be crucified himself for us who can think but that it is a pleasure of all pleasures to conceive Now such a love of God towards us doth the consideration of Christ crucified present unto our minds and therefore of necessity must cause in them ineffable delectations Besides hope of Good is a thing which naturally causeth delight as making in some sort the good we hope for present to us and the greater and more certain the good is which we hope so much the greater and more perfect delight is caused But there can be no greater good imagined then that which Christians hope for by the Passion nor more certain for as much as they are assured thereof by God himself who for that intent namely that he might make it sure to them was Crucified Therefore from such hope so great so sure Christians cannot but receive singular Consolation Thirdly Admiration is naturally accompanied with delight for as much as he which wonders at any thing is commonly possessed also with some great desire and hope to know what the matter is at which he finds himself to wonder Now what more admirable yea astonishing then that God Almighty should be made man and dye upon a Gibbet to save men Seeing therefore that Christians in the Contemplation of Christs Passion do consider this and also conceive most firm hope to attain one day unto an absolute assurance and sight of so rare a mystery how can they be otherwise affected then with excesse of delight Fourthly seeing God Almighty is so infinitely perfect and great it was not possible that by any one creature he could be competently expressed but it seemed necessary to his Divine wisdome to create an Universe of Creatures that is this whole world in the latitude and variety whereof the Spirit of man might have scope enough and find infinite examples wherein to contemplate even unto ravishment the singularities of his perfection And seeing in like manner that the goodnesse of the same God our blessed Saviour doth as infinitely surpasse all humane understanding not one onely or some few but a million a numberlesse multitude of divine gracious and stupendious works were requisite by him also to be done but to expresse it in some part in the meditation of which our souls are fed yea glutted as it were with admiration and content Amongst which none bearing more lively or legible Characters of his Love then that of his Passion it follows that in his Passion and the Contemplation thereof greatest content must be found as experience also proveth in an infinite number of Christians who by their actions have more then sufficiently shewen the sense they have had of the Crosse of our Saviour It were an endlesse labour to go about to expresse them the infinite variety the multitude and excesse of those joyes which the servants of God have tasted from time to time and do daily taste in this kind The lives yea the deaths of those antient Christians do abundantly testifie how great they were who in infinite multitudes of both sexes and of all Conditions men and women for the name and for the love of this crucified Jesus not onely patiently endured all sorts of persecutions and affliction but even exulted and leapt for joy in the midst of their tortures dying rather through the extremity of their delights then pain The number of Monks and other solitary persons is infinite who in all times for the love of Jesus have withdrawn themselves from the world and made choice to live in wildernesses and caves of the earth poor naked destitute of all things save the comforts of divine Love onely to attend unto this Contemplation Lastly the learnedest Doctours and wisest men of the world how often have they abandoned not onely the pleasures and vanities of the world which were scarce worthy of them but even their most pleasing and most commendable Studies yea their own selves also for the love and Contemplation of this Jesus The XVI Conclusion THat the holy Scriptures do exceedingly elevate the mind of good Christians unto these Contemplations First because All Scripture generally doth relate unto Christ crucified according to that of the Apostle The end or scope of the law is Christ And for as much as writing in its own nature is but the sign of words spoken as speech is of conceptions or thoughts because our thoughts do alwayes proceed from some interiour light or Illustration of the mind by how much that light is greater and more excellent so much the greater also and more perfect must the Conceptions be and the speech consequently more powerfull and the writing wherein that speech is represented more admirable and profound Now light supernaturall is alwayes greater and more perfect then naturall And seeing also that there be severall degrees in that light it cannot be doubted but the Prophets Apostles and Evangelists had the greatest measures thereof as being the men whom Almighty God was pleased so singularly to Illuminate as that neither in writing nor preaching they could so mistake as to deliver falsehood for truth Therfore also were their meditations their speech and all expressions of themselves alwayes profound powerfull and serious He therefore that presumeth to understand their writings without supernaturall Illustration is as wise as he that would have a bird to fly without wings of which sort yet there are some in the world viz. certain Philosophers Rhetoricians Grammarians Poets of this age who not knowing or not considering the profundity of sacred Scriptures do venture upon them with the same temerity as they do upon Tully Hortensius or some other of their windy Authours and perhaps not finding in them those flashes of elegance or subtilty to which themselves are accustomed presently they fall to slight and think meanly of them imagining weak men nothing to be so sublime as Plato's Philosophy no eloquence comparable to some piece of Cicero But he which dwelleth in heaven shall one day laugh these