are most excellent COncerning the excellency or superiority of the ventricles of the brain some different places in Galen are to be reconciled It is commonly receiued that among Of the preheminence of the ventricles of the braine all the partes of the braine the ventricles are most excellent not because they are particular seates of the Principall faculties but because in them the Animall spirits are generated That teacheth Galen in the third Chapter of his 7. Booke de Placitis Hip Platon If sayth he you cut the braine any way the creature will not loose sence and motion before the wound pierce vnto some of the ventricle But whereas there are foure ventricles it may be demanded which of them is most noble Galen teacheth that the vpper ventricles are the basest In his 8. Booke de vsu partium the 10. Chapter In his 7. de placitis and in his Commentary vppon the 18. Aphorisme of The vpper ventricles are the basest the seuenth Section by the example of a young man of Smyrna a Citty of Ionia who being wounded into one of the vpper ventricles yet escaped with life Concerning the third and fourth ventricles Galen seemeth to differ from himselfe for in the fift Chapter of his third Booke de locis affectis he yeeldeth the prerogatiue to the fourth ventricle The Animall The 4. the noblest spirit sayth he is contayned in the ventricles of the braine especially in the hindermost although the middlemost is not to be contemned which is as much as if hee had sayed the middlemost is not the noblest For wee are perswaded by many reasons to esteeme this aboue the two vpper In the third Chapter of his 7. Book de placitis A wound in the hindmost According to Galen ventricle doth most of all offend the creature In the second place the wound of the middle ventricle but least of all if it be in the two vpper the same thing may bee sayed of sections or bruises of the head And these authorities of Galen are seconded by reason for it is a perpetuall truth in the body of a man that by how much the cauity is greater by so much it is the baser The fourth ventricle is of all the rest the least and the narrowest and containeth the Animall spirit sincere defoecated and exquisitely purged the other do onely prepare the spirit and therefore the hindmost ventricle is the most noble Yet Galen in many places seemeth to say the contrary as for instance in the 7 chapter of his third booke de locis affectis and in the second chapter of his fourth booke he preferreth Galen seemeth to say the contrary the third ventricle If saith he at any time the whole fore-part of the braine bee affected those things which concerne the vpper ventricle are drawne into consent and the action of discourse is vitiated where by the vpper ventricle he vnderstandeth the third or the middle but why I am not able to giue a reason But if discourse bee seated in the middle ventricle then is it the most noble In the last chapter of his third booke de placitis expounding the fable which faineth Minerua to be borne out of the toppe of Iupiters head Therfore sayth he they faigne her to be borne out of the top because there vnder is seated the middle ventricle whichis the principall of the braine and the originall of wisedome Moreouer the wonderfull structure of the third ventricle is an euident argument of the excellency thereof as also because the wounds of the Occipitium are lesse dangerous The reason then those of the Sinciput or fore-part of the head So saith Hippocrates in his booke de vulneribus capitis More escape death that are wounded in the hinder parts of their heads then in the fore-part You shall reconcile Galen if you say that when he auoucheth the fourth ventricle to be the most noble then he speaketh according to his owne iudgement but when he preferreth Galen reconciled the third he speaketh according to the opinion of other men especially of Herophylus For Galen did not attribute or assigne to the principall faculties particular mansions or habitations in the braine as we haue heeretofore prooued Againe vpon a wound in the Occipitium or nowle of the head the fourth ventricle is sildome offended because there is much flesh and the thicknesse and hardnesse of the bone to resist the violence of the blow whereas the bones of the Sinciput or fore-part are much more slender and weake In the whole history of the head I do not finde that Galen seemeth so much to wander out of the way as in the description of the Rete mirabile or wonderfull Net for this in a man is so small that a good eye can hardly discerne it I like rather saith my Author to The error of Galen in the wonddrfull Net call the Plexus Choroides which is manifest and obuious to euery eye in the vpper ventricles of the braine Rete mirabile or the Wonderfull Net as also some of the new Writers haue done for in it the vitall spirit is attenuated and the Animall getteth a certaine rudiment And thus are we come to an end of the Controuersies concerning the Braine especially the substance thereof Now let vs proceed to the second part of the head which is called the Face and so to the Senses The End of the seauenth Booke vvith the Controuersies thereto belonging THE EIGHTH BOOKE Of the Senses and their Instruments as also of the Uoyce The Praeface ALthough in the former Booke wee have made mention of the Instruments of the Senses when we described the Coniugations of the Sinnewes of the Brain yet because there are many other parts in the Head set apart for their vse wherein the glorious wisedome of our Creator dooth most manifestly shine and in the preseruation whereof wee are deepely interessed I haue thought good to appropriate this Eight Booke vnto the History of the Senses Now in euery Sense there is a Matter and a Forme The Forme is the Faculty which is a thing yssuing from the Soule and differing in Name not in Nature as it informeth this or that Matter which is the Instrument The first of the Senses is the Eye the most precious part of the body and they are two that if The eyes one should miscarry the other might supply the necessity of Nature They are set like Centinels or Scout-watches in the top of the Towre whence they may discerne the farther off if any thing approach either hurtfull or behoouefull that we may apply ourselues to it or auoyde it Galen is of opinion that the Head was placed vppermost in the bodie for the Eyes sake because the Opticke Nerues stood in neede to bee very short For their security they are scituated in Caues and fenced about with diuers Muniments Aboue them hang a round arched brow to beare off and cast ouer what might fall from the Head
scituation of the hart and particularly the fore-parte thereof TABVLA IX FIG I. The second Figure FIG II. The coate is proper to the heart very thin and fine Vesalius likens it to the Membrane that compasseth the Muscles this inuesteth it as that of the Muscles and so strengthneth The Coate his substance from which it cannot be seuered The fat called pinguedo with Columbus or Adeps with Galen and Aristotle or both with Archangelus is very plentifully gathered about it like Glue especially at the Basis where the greater vessels are placed because there is the concoction celebrated of those things that are conteined in it not in the Cone or point The Fatte of what kind it is This fat is harder then it is in any other part and therefore it should seeme rather to be Adeps then Pinguedo and that is Galens and Aristotles reason for if it were Pinguedo it would melt with â—â—e extreame heate of the heart to great disaduantage Howsoeuer the vse of this fat â—â—to moisten the hart least being ouer-heated with his continuall motion it should The vse of fat grow dry and exiccated but this kinde of fatty humidity is hardly consumed but remaineth to cherish it and to annoint and supple the vessels that they cleaue not with too great heate and drought Moreouer the heart being the fountaine of heate which continually flameth it serueth for a sufficient and necessary Nutriment whereby it is cherished and refreshed in great affamishment nourished and sustained least otherwise the heart should too soone depopulate and consume the radicall moysture Wherefore Galen ascribeth this vse to fat that in great heates famines violent exercises it should stand at the stake to supply the want of Nature at a pinch So sayeth Auicen Fat 's of all kindes are increased or diminished in the body according to the increase or diminution of heate wherefore heate feedeth vppon them We haue often obserued in opening of the ventricles of the heart in the very cauities of them a certaine gobbet or morsell if not of fat yet of a substance very like it so that A substance like fat obserued in the ventricles of the heart we haue more wondred how that should in such a furnace congeale then the other in the outside The cone is alwayes moystned by the humor contayned in the Pericardium The vesselles of the heart are of all kinds which doe compasse the heart round about table 9. figure 2. l and branches from these LL table 10. figure 2. D The veine is called Coronaria The veine called Coronaria or the Crowne veine arising from the trunke of the hollow veine table 6. E before it bee inserted into the right ventricle and sometimes it is double this engirteth round like a crowne the basis of the heart and hath a value set to it least the bloud should recoyle into the hollow veine From this crowne veine are sprinkled branches downward along the face of the heart which on the left side are more and larger because it is thicker more solid then the right side This bringeth good and thicke bloud laboured onely in the Liuer to nourish this thicke and solid part that the Aliment might be proportionable to that it should nourish What nourishment the hart needed By this vessell also it may be beleeued that the Naturall Soule residing in the Naturall spirite is brought into the heart with all his faculties It hath also two Arteries called Coronorias table 12. figure 1. BB proceeding from the The Arteries descending trunk of the great Artery which together with the vein are distributed through his substance to cherish his in-bred heate and supplying vitall spirites doe preserue his life for if the heart did liue by the spirits perfected in his left ventricle and carried vnto his substance without Arteries then also might the same spirit passe through the pores of the hart By what spirits the heart liueth and so be lost It hath also Nerues but very small ones from the sixt coniugation table 10. figure 1. K or from the nerues which are sent vnto the Pericardium which are distributed into his basis The nerues table 10. figure 2. h close by the arteriall veine but not very perspicuously and as some thinke for sence onely and not for motion because his motion is Natural and not Animal But saith Archangelus if there must be but one and not two principles of motion in vs then shall the Brayne be also the originall of all motions because it is the seate of the sensible Soule for that opinion of Aristotles who attributeth vnto the heart onely all the powers and faculties of the foule Galen and the later writers do with one consent disauow and so Archangelus his conceit that the motion of the hart commeth froÌ„ his nerues this nerue shall minister vnto the heart not onely sence but also motion and both their faculties and also the faculty of pulsation or the motion of dilatation and constriction And this nerue sometimes though seldome is suddenly stopped whence commeth hasty and vnexpected death which wee call sudden death the faculties of life and pulsation being restrayned so that they cannot flow into the heart But we with Gal. in the 8. Chap. of his seauenth A cause of sudden death Booke de Anatom Administ will determine for our partes that the faculty of pulsation ariseth out of the body of the heart not from the nerues for then when these are cut away the pulse should cease and the hart taken out of the chest could not be moued which we find otherwise by dissection of liuing creatures CHAP. XII Of the substance ventricles and eares of the heart THE substance of the heart is a thicke table 10. figure 3. sheweth this and red The substaÌ„ce of the heart Why so thick flesh being made of the thicker part of the bloud it is lesse redd then the flesh of muscles but harder more solide and dense that the spirits and inbred heare which are contayned in the heart and from thence powred into al parts of the body should not exhale and that it might not bee broken or rent in his strong motions and continuall dilatation and constriction And it is more compact spisse and solid in the cone then in the basis because there the right fibres meeting together 〈◊〉 more compact right as it is obserued in the heads or tendons of the muscles This flesh is the seat of the vitall Faculty and the primary and chiefe cause of the functions of the heart which Where is the seat of the vital faculty consiste especially in the making of vitall bloud and spirites For it hath all manner of fibres right oblique and transuerse most strong and most compact and mingled one with another and therefore not conspicuous as in a muscle as well for the better performance The heart hath all kinde of fibres of his motion as for a defence
ventricle table 10. figure 3. HH is made iust in the middest of the heart if you The left ventricle take away that part which made the right you shall better perceiue it It is narrower then the former because it is made to contayne a lesse quantity of matter and his cauity is rounder and goeth sayth Galen in the first chapter of his 7. booke de Anatom Administ though Vesalius be of another minde as we haue sayed vnto the verie end of the cone His flesh or The reason of his thicknes wall is thrice so thicke table 10. fig. 8. RQ as that of the other as well because of the smalnesse of his cauity which must needs leaue the sides thicker as also for that it preserueth the in-bred heate it is also harder and more solide to keepe in the vitall spirits that they do not exhale or vapour out and to poyse the body the thicknes of this and subtilitie of the contents answering to the largenes of the other and thicknes of his contents that so the hart might not incline too much on either side In this the vitall spirites are laboured and contayned The poyse of the heart together with the arteriall bloud wherefore Galen in the 7. and 11. chapters of his sixt booke de vsu partium and Russus call it the spirituall others the spongie ayry and arteriall ventricle For in the cauity of this ventricle the vitall spirits are laboured and from hence by the What is contained in it arteries are distributed through the whole body to cherish the in-bred heat of the parts to reuiue it when it growes dull or drowsie and to restore it when it is consumed The matter of this spirite sayeth Galen is double ayrie and bloudy mingled together The matter of the vital spirit The ayre drawn in by the mouth and the nose prepared in the Lungs is carried through the venall artery into the left ventricle whilest the heart is dilated And the bloud attenuated and concocted in the right ventricle is partly distributed into the Lungs by the arterial veine for their nourishment partly is drawne by the left ventricle through his wall and retayned by an in-bred propriety which being mingled with the ayre is absolued and perfected by the proper vertue of the heart his in-bred spirit heate and perpetuall motion and so putteth on the forme of a spirit which is continually nourished by the arteriall bloud This bloud thus fraught with spirits in the contraction of the heart is powred out into the great artery to sustayne the life of the whole body for all life is from the heart and the vitall spirite The inward face of both the ventricles is vnequall and rugged that the substances which The inward superficies of the ventricles come into the heart should not slippe out before they are perfected for which purpose also the values doe stand in great stead That inequality commeth partly by reason of many small dennes which are more notable Whence the inequality is in the left ventricle wherefore Hippocrates in his booke de Corde sayeth it is more broken and abrupt then the right because here Nature hid the diuine fire which the Poets feyne Prometheus stole from heauen to giue life vnto man and Hippocrates because of the great heat of this place thought it to be the seate of the Soule partly because there are Prometheus fire certaine small fleshy particles table 10. figure 5. OO figure 6. L figure HH figure 8. M table 12. fig. 2. sâ— which about the cone of the heart appeare small slender to which the neruous fibres of the values table 10. figure 7. GG figure 8. L called by Galen in the 8. Chapter of his â— Booke de vsu partium and by Archangelus the ligaments of the heart do grow These ventricles are diuided by a wall or partition table 10. figure 3. H figure 6. HH figure The wall of the ventricles 7. â— figure X. R least the contents should bee mingled and shufled together which on the right side beareth out as we sayed and is gibbous on the left concaue and hollow and is of the same thicknesse with the left side of the left ventricle as if the heart were only made for the left ventricles sake This wall is also full of holes and small trenches it may be Aristotle therefore called it â— third ventricle that in them the bloud might be wrought into a further thinnesse porous also it is especially on the right side that the bloud might more freely passe out of the right â—nto the left side for the generation of vital spirits which Galen insinuateth in these words in the 15. Chapter of his third booke de Naturalibus facultatibus Out of the right ciuity that which is thinnest is drawne by the pores of the wall whose vtmost ends a man can scarce discerne because in dead bodies all such passages fall together That the bloud is carried by these passages it appeareth because nature neuer endeuoured any thing rashly or in veine but there are many trenches as it were and deep caues in the partition which haue narrow determinations Thus far Galen These breathing passages are most conspicuous in an Oxe heart after it is long sodden How best discerned But there are some as Varolius Columbus and Vlmus who deny that there is any such passage and wil that the bloud should be carried by the arteriall veine out of the right ventricle The opinion of some learned men into the Lungs part of which to remayne for their nourishment and the remaydâ—â—â— to be conuayed after some alteration in the Lungs mingled with the ayre which is drawne by the breath through the venall artery into the left ventricle of the heart for the nourishment and generation of the vitall bloud and spirits But wee will leaue this subtle question to Philosophers for vs it shall bee sufficient to haue made this mention of both waies by which it may passe leauing the Controuersie to farther disquisition At the Basis of the heart on either side hangeth an appendixe Table 9. figure 2. â—â— â—â— 10. figure 3. BE which is called the Eare not from any profite action or vse it hath sayeth The deafeeares Galen in the fifteenth Chapter of his sixt Booke de vsu partium and therefore wee in English call it commonly the deafe-eare but for the similitude for it hath a long Basis and endeth in an obtuse or blunt cone or poynt These are placed about the ventricles before the orifices or entrances of the vessels Their scituation The right which carry matter into the heart The right Table 9. figure 2. 1table 10. figure 1 B fig. 3. 2 which is placed neare table 10. figure 3. A the hollow veine is the larger and maketh as it weere a common body together with the veine and his cone or poynt looketh vpward But the left Table 10. figure 2 F figure 3. E placed
yet so that in a man they adhere together by Membranous Fibres so that there is rather a note or footstep of diuision then any true diuision indeede though it bee otherwise in Dogges and the lower is longer then the vpper And it is so diuided as well that the whole Lungs might more safely and swiftly be dilated and contracted the act breathed in more easily penetrating into their narrowest passages as also that they might the more firmely embrace the heart and not be compressed when we bow downward And althogh they be found to be distinguished though not with any true diuision somtimes into three sometimes into more sometimes into two yet rarely shall we find in a man because of the shortnes of his brest fiue Lobes in a dogge and an Ape often and if it happen to be so then saith Galen in the 2. and 10. Chapters of his 7. Booke de vsu part they ly very high into the throat vnder the hollow-vein Their substance Tab. 14 fig 2. is fleshy wherupon it is called Parenchyma a fleshy bowell wouen with three sorts of vessels Tab. 14 fig. 2 BCD and Their substāce couered with a thin Membrane which varieth in softnes and colour according to the age How their substance and colour differeth before after birth of the party In yonger men it is faster in the prime of our age rare caue and hollow For the Lunges being not mooued in the wombe of the Mother as neither the heart are then thicke and firme as is the substance of the Liuer red also from the colour of their nourishment for nourished they are in the Mothers wombe with that wherewith they were generated that is blood brought out of the Hollow veine to the venall artery by inoculation and spirits sent from the great artery to the arteriall veine by the pipe or canale before mētioned but the infant being borne when the heart beginneth to mooue his motion and heate softneth and puffeth vp their flesh by little and little and so being mooued with the motion of the Chest they also become pliable to the motions thereof and are lifted vp and fall againe with ease they lye also bedded as it were betweene the diuisions of the Plato his Mollis saltus Why they ioyne after death being cut or sliced vessels filling vp the empty places and by that meanes are a defence and strengthning vnto them that they be not broken in their continuall motions And this is the reason that Plato calleth their motion 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 saltus mollis a soft motion which is furthered in that their substance is full of a slimy and viscid moysture insomuch that Varolius saith that after death if they be cut yet will they glue together againe by this viscidity Their substāce Their substance also is laxe spongy and rare made as it were of the froth of the blood that it may better admit the aer drawne in like a paire of Bellowes and be freely filled therwith Their colour is yellowish oftentimes ashie spotted with certaine dull and blackish Their colour speckes or cloudye streames and in those that dye of any long and lingering disease they grow yet blacker They haue a Membrane bred out of the Pleura for where the vessels passe into the lungs Their Membrane Tab. 14 fig. 1 CD ther their common coate sprung from the Pleura departeth from them and is finely stretched ouer the superficies or vpper face of the Lungs to forme containe their soft substance which otherwise being shaken with continuall motions would quickly breake off by peece meale This Membrane is thin that it should not be burthensome and soft that it might better stretch with the motion of the Lungs full also of pores though after death insensible that if any quitture or matter should be gathered in the chest in a pleurisy or inflamation of the Why the mēbrane is porous Lungs called Peripneumonia it might by these pores haue yssue so be spit out by Cough albeit we are not ignorant that in both these diseases the Lungs themselues are affected which we are taught by the dissection of Pleuriticall bodies and also by them which haue recouered of Pleurisies in whom doth remaine difficulty of breathing and some payne in the weakned side as long as they liue This porosite also makes their vpper face smooth and bedewed with a kind of slimy moisture Into this Membrane because it needed but a little sense there are smal Nerues disseminated from the sixt coniugation on the right side Tab. 8. fig. 1 t after the right Recurrent is framed but on the left side Tab. 8 fig. 1 q before the framing of the recurrent these Why Vlcers of the Lunges are with paine Nerues do not reach vnto the substance of the Lungs least they should be pained or wearied in their continuall motion and hence also it is that all the vlcers of the Lunges are without paine Table 14. Figure 1. sheweth the fore-side of the Lungs taken out out of the Chest from which the Heart vvith his Membranes are cut Fig. 2. sheweth the backe and gibbous side of the Lunges as it lyeth vpon the backe Figure 3. Sheweth the Arteriall Veine Figure 4. Sheweth the Venall Arterie separated from the substance of the Lungs TABVLA XIIII FIG I FIG II FIG III FIG IV. Two vessels it receyueth from the heart of which wee haue spoken before one called the arteriall veine tab 14. fig. 1 C Fig. 13. the whole arteriall veine which out of the right The Arteriall veine ventricle ministreth to the Lungs Alimentarie blood therein attenuated for their nourishment and with this blood the naturall spirit and the naturall soule therein residing with all her powers and faculties are communicated to the Lungs The other called the venall artery tab 14 fig. 1 D figure 4 the venall arterie separated which is an instrument onely of the spirits but conteyneth also pure thinne and vaporous blood wherefore the aer which was attracted by the winde-pipe and prepared in the lungs it leadeth to the heart and from the lefte ventricle bringeth foorth vitall bloode with the vitall spirit and faculty to the Lungs partly that therewith they may bee nourished partly Whence life it for their life that the in-bred heate may be cherished for life is from the vitall spirite and the arteriall bloud perfected in the left ventricle of the hearte partly that by it the smoake and soot may be carried out of the heart These two vessels are farre greater then the magnitude of the Lungs may seeme to require if the proportion be compared to that of other parts that because the Lungs with their perpetuall motion do consume and dissipate much moysture and moreouer because they serue not onely to carry out naturall bloud and vitall bloud with vitall spirits but also by their extremities doe receiue from the ends of the winde-pipe ayre which they lead into the
the fourth Sinus of the Dura Mater it is ioyned thereto by certaine small and slender branches Bauhine yet more particularly thus It is wouen of vessels which arriue at the Ventricles Bauhine partly running from the fourth Sinus of the Dura Mater partly of Arteries arising other-whence For from the end of the fourth sinus of the Dura Mater Tab. 13 Fig 13 â— is formed a venall Vessell Tab. 13 Fig. 13 i which running through the middle ventricle is led along in the forward Ventricles Ta. 13 Fig. 13 l m So also another of a branch of the fourth sinus which goeth downeward and forward to the vpper Ventricles Tab. 13 Fig. 13 g And another of a branch of the fourth Artery of the Braine which passeth into the Ventricles Tab. 13 Fig. 13 A All these Vessels are accompanied with a portion of the Pia Mater which embraceth them and knitteth them together a reddish Flesh or Glandulous substance being scattered betweene them which Vessels Membrane and Flesh make the Plexus Choroides This Webbe or complication ariseth from the Lower part of the Ventricle to the backe part of the Ventricles and so passeth on till it meete with that Venall vessell Tab. 13 Fig. 13 from i to R brought from the fourth sinus foreward thorough the third Ventricle where they ioyne together and then it distributeth small branches through the substance of the Ventricles Tab. 10 Fig. 6. from F to G to â—â— after to K L then from I to H. Tab. 13 fig. 13 from A to s l I In these complications are the Animall spirits concocted attenuated and prepared The vse of the Plexus Choroides Columbus as he is alwaies his owne friend brags that hee first found out the generation of the Animal spirits in this web but Archangelus gaynsayeth him and quoteth Galen wherhe maketh mention of the same He also thinketh that the Animall spirit is but inchoated in the Rete mirabile and perfected and absolued in this complication but the power whereby it is perfected is from the substance of the Marrow of the Braine it selfe And then that they are powred out from this Plexus into the forward Ventricles and thence into the Organes of the senses Platerus cannot admit of this vse of the Plexus but saith that because the inner substance of the Braine hath no such complications or gyrations Platerus his conceit of the vse of it as the outward hath or vessels deriued vnto it these Vesselles were by Nature ordained in the center therof that by them it might receiue vital spirit and a proportion of blood that as the outsides had aboundance so the inside might not bee altogether destitute of life and nourishment And thus farre of the Plexus Choroides CHAP. XII Of the Glandule called Pinealis the Buttockes the Testicles and the fourth Ventricle of the Braine IN the third Ventricle at the entrance into the fourth Tab. 11 figure 7 â— there is seated a Glandule or Kernell Tab. 11 Fig. 7 I. fig. 8 M. Table 12 fig. 10 H The Pine-glandule resting vpon the foreside of the Testicles Table 11 fig. 7 MN Tab. 12 fig. 10 â— D and lyeth vnder the Venall vessel Tab. 10 fig. 6 H I. Tab. 11 Sig. 7 V. Tab. 12 fig 10 I which springeth out of the fourth Sinus Calfes heads fit to cut vp with which vessell also in Dissection it is easily drawne away from the Braine for in men it scarse cleaueth to the substance of the Braine but in a Sheep or Calfe it is continuall after a manner with the substance of the Braine also in Beasts it is much larger then in men yea not onely this Glandule but all the other partes and particles of the Braine are farre larger and more conspicuous in bruite beasts then they are in men and therefore it is fit that yong men should bee initiated and exercised in cutting vp the braines of a Calfe or such like that when they come to dissect a man they may not be too farre to seeke Table 12. Figure 9. Sheweth the Cerebellum drawne a little out of the skull aboue the Braine that the lower surface thereof and the cauity of the spinall Marrow might better bee discerned Figure 10. Wherein is shewed a portion of the Braine from which the spinall Marrow taketh his beginning together with the Testicles the Buttocke the Pine-glandule and the fourth Ventricle Figure 11. Sheweth a part of the Skull couered with the Dura Meninx through which the opticke Nerues the Bason and the sleepy Arteries do passe Figure 12. Sheweth the Bason or Tunnell lifted vp and 4. passages which leade the Phlegmatick excrements of the Brain from the glandule or kernell TABVLA XII FIG IX X. Figure 10. XI Figure 11. XII Figure 12. The substance of it is somewhat hard rather sayeth Vesalius inclining vnto the nature Substance of a glandule then of the Braine and couered with the thinne membrane The coulour of it somewhat differeth from that of the marrow as being a little yellowish It lyeth vnder the vessell sayth Bauhine Table 10. fig. 6 H which goeth to the third ventricle from which vessell all the webs almost which are in the ventricles doe proceede and hath the same vse that other glandules haue which are placed vnder vessels that is to confirm their diuisions For as soone as this vessell entreth into the third ventricle it is presently diuided into many branches couered ouer with the Pia Mater and therefore the glandule becommeth to them a strength and stay but Archangelus denyeth this vse of it Againe it Vse hath another vse acknowledged by Vesalius Platerus and Laurentius and that is to keep the passage of the third ventricle open that it bee not stopped by the ingate of the fore named vessell and so the Animall spirit hindered from descending into the fourth ventricle Archangelus obseruing that this glandule was placed at the beginning of the middle or Archangelus his conceit third ventricle out of which the spirit is transmitted into the ventricle of the after braine thought that this glandule had the same vse that the Pylorus of the stomacke hath to be a Porter as Galen saith to moderate the outgate of the spirits But the the trueth is that this Disproued Glandule can haue no such vse because it is no particle of the Braine neither adhereth to the inward sides of the ventricle but only lyeth vpon it on the outside neither indeed doth it so nearely touch the passage as that it can stop the same Indeede if it were a part of the brane sayeth Galen then it were more likely that as the braine is dilated and compressed the Glandule also should alter his position and somtimes open the passage sometimes shut it but seeing of it selfe it cannot moue being no part of the Braine this vse cannot bee attributed vnto it Vnto the backeside of the Pine-glandule on either hand the third ventricle and vnder The Testicles
after the manner of the rest vnto the muscles which moue the head and the neck as also into the heads of the muscles which serue for Respiration which from the necke doe attaine vnto the Chest those muscles also receiue nerues from the seauenth Coniugation and from the first of the chest The seauenth Coniugation Tab 23 chara 7 yssueth vnder the sixt spondell of the necke and for more security is ioyned with the sixt coniugation of the necke and the first The seauenth coniugation His diuision of the chest ta 23 s the chiefe part whereof runneth into the arme for the nerues of the arme are produced from the fift sixt and seauenth coniugations of the necke and from the first and second of the chest Somtime also there proceedeth from this coniugation a branch to the making of the nerue of the midriffe Wherefore seeing that from the marrow of the necke many nerues do concur to the making of the midriffe-nerue it is no wonder that in the Apoplexy the motion of the midriffe is for a while naturall for although because of the obstruction of the ventricles of the braine as it is commonly beleeued the animall spirit cannot bee conuayed vnto the midriffe yet seeing that the cauity of the spinall marrow containeth some How a man breeths in an Apoplexy deale of animall spirits which by these nerues may be transported vnto the midriffe and giue it a little motion thence Respiration remaineth though it be but very little yet the life is thereby sustained as long as the animall spirit shal remaine in the cauity of the spinal marrow and if the obstruction of the ventricles can be freed then he that is apopleticall returneth to himselfe if not there he determines his life This is Bauhines physicke concerning the apoplexy and the cause therof wherto though I can in no sort agree yet because he handleth it but by the way and we are now in another argument I will not reason the case with him The posterior branch of the seauenth coniugation tab 24 r which is also the lesse neuer missing affordeth surcles to the muscles which lye vpon the neck vnto the square muscles of the cheekes into which also surcles are sent from the fift coniugation of the braine and from all seauen of the necke excepting onely the first which surcles runne according to the course of the fibres of the muscle they attaine also vnto the skinne It is no wonder therefore if the Dog-spasme be a greeuous disease seeing that this muscle in it The dog spasme doth at the first hand suffer conuulsion Galen in the fift chap. of his 13 book de vsu partium and after him Archangelus do adde The 8 coniugation after Galen Vesal an eight coniugation issuing betwixt the seauenth and the eight spondell and distributed especially into the Cubit and the Ell but passeth no further CHAP. XXVII Of the Nerues of the Chest THE nerues disseminated through the chest are double as well as those that Of the nerues of the chest passe through the necke for some take their originall from the braine or rather from the marrow thereof contained in the Scull others from his marrow passing through the rack-bones of the backe From the marrow of the braine proceedeth the sixt coniugation of the braine which runneth through the chest of which we haue partly spoken before but will say more afterward in this booke From the spinall marrow contained in the rackes of the backe do issue eleuen coniugations Twelue coniugations saith Vesalius but Bauhine reckoneth twelue all which after their egresse are diuided into two branches one greater and another lesse one running forward and another reflected backward The first coniugation Tab. 23 char 8. which Vesalius accounteth the eight of the spinall The first coniugation His diuision marrow issueth betwixt the seauenth rack-bone of the neck and the first of the chest on eyther side and is diuided into two branches one anterior and another posterior The anterior which is the greater after it hath receiued an augmentation Ta. 23 24. ◠from the seauenth coniugation somtime also from the second of the chest is diuersly commixed with the neighbour sinewes attaining vnto the arme-pits distributeth propagations tab 24 αα out of his back-side into the hollow part of the blade and so runneth away into the arme whose distribution we shall meete withall in that place Besides this it sendeth also another branch tab 23 y vnto the arme which running forward along the first ribbe and so to the top of the brest bone bestoweth his blessing vppon the first muscle of the chest called Subclauius and then is consumed or spent into the muscles which take their originall from the toppe of the brest-bone as the muscle called Mostoides Sternohyoidei and Oesophagaei The posterior branch ta 24 u which is the lesser is reflected vnder the muscles which grow vnto the Rack-bones and in his transition affordeth small shoots to the second muscle of the necke and those that moue the necke and the head backeward but when it hath attayned the spine of the seauenth Racke-bone it departeth therefrom and offers surcles ouerthwart to the lower part of the Cowl-muscle the Rhomboides and the vpper backward spine The second Coniugation tab 24 char 9 yssueth betwixt the first and second rack The 2. coniugation of the Chest and as the former it transmitteth and distributeth a branch backeward tab 24. β. Afterward a good part is ioyned with a branch of the first coniugation tab 24. ♌ and runneth into the arme The remaynder proceedeth according to the length of the first rib vnto the Chest and maketh the Intercostall nerue from which certaine small surcles are distributed vnto the muscles that lye vpon the Chest The third and the other nine Coniugations tab 23 from char 10. to char 20 of the chest are distributed after the same manner for after they are issued out of the sides of the The 3. and the nine following Rack-bones they are deuided into two branches The anterior branches which are called the Intercost all sinewes tab 23 nn in their passage doe offer a surcle to the Costall nerue which is sayde to be a branch of the sixt coniugation of the braine and runneth vnder the Their fore branches Pleura vnto the rootes of the ribs yea throughout his whole iourney they increase it with a small branch For the branches themselues runne directly after the bent of the ribbes through the distances betwixt them in a proper sinus or cauity insculped or grauen in the inner and lower side of euery rib for the transportation of these branches together with a branch of the veine Azygos and the great artery which accompany them and their course is forward vnder the Pleura neare the Intercostall muscles so that the Intercostall veines of the true ribbes do reach as farre as to the breast-bone those of the bastard