in his Cradle into the field thinking he being present could not but be victorious or that his people durst not forsake him who was unable to defend himself Alcetas Amyntas Alexander Alcetas after him reigned 29 years Amyntas the first 50 years to whom Darius Hystaspis sent for earth and water as tokens of subjection Alexander his son who slew the Ambassadors sent to his father reigned 43 years and by marrying his sister Gygaea to Dubares the Persian grew into such grace with Xerxes that he obtained all the Region between Olympus and Hermus to be united to his Kingdom and yet during the War held secret intelligence with the Graecians discovering to them all his intents and purposes He left three sons Perdiccas Alcetas and Philip the eldest of which succeeded him whose story is sometimes by pieces related by Thucydides Perdiccas left behind him Perdiccas and Archelaus his base son Perdiccas Perdiccas was drowned in a Well by Archelaus his Guardian at seven years of age the murtherer to excuse himself alleging to his mother that he fell in by chance as he hastily followed a Goose that way 3. Archelaus having dispatched his brother out of the way Aristotl Politic. lib. 5. did the same by Alcetas his Uncle and Alexander his Cousin son to Alcetas and yet though he came in this way is said to have done many things to the advantage of the Nation which is usual with Usurpers Vide Raleium lib. 4. cap. 1. He sought by all means to draw Socrates to him and greatly loved and honoured Euripides the Tragedian He had two sons Archelaus Archelaus Orestes Archelaus succeeded him and reigned seven years some confounding father and son together and making this who reigned but seven years to have succeeded Perdiccas Archelaus at the end of seven years was slain in hunting either by chance or on purpose by Craterus called by Aelian Cratenas who relateth the cause to have been for that having married his daughter to him he took her away and gave her to another Var. Hist lib. 8. cap. 9. Cratenas had enjoyed the Kingdom scarce two or three dayes when he was also slain by others Cratenas Orestes Orestes then a Child succeeded who was served by his Guardian as his father had served his Pupill being killed by Aecopus one of the bloud Royal who held the Kingdom six years the same who at first denied passage to Agesilaus when he returned out of Asia He left three sons Pausanias Argaeus and Alexander Pausanias when he had reigned one year was slain by Perdiccas the son of Tharcileus or of Philip Diodorus ad Olymp. 96. ann 3. who being son of Perdiccas and Grand-son to Alexander the Rich was preserved when Archelaus the Bastard slew his brother Perdiccas his Uncle Alcetas and Alexander his Cousin German 4. (a) Idem ad ann 4. Amyntas was by the Illyrians driven out of his Kingdom but restored by the Thessalians held it though very unquietly 24 years Some wrote how after his expulsion Argaeus obtained the Kingdom for two years Amyntas till again he recovered it (b) Ad Olymp. 99. ann 2. Xenoph. When he was overcome by the Illyrians having little hope to recover his Kingdom he gave the Olynthians a great part of the grounds adjacent but after his restitution required it again They refused to restore what was freely given them He hereupon gathered an Army and sent to the Lacedaemonians for aid who sent Phaebidas to him with 10000 men at such time as he surprised Cadmea the Citadel of Thebes having sent before his brother but the Olynthians had taken much of his Kingdom and made themselves Masters of Pella the Metropolis of Macedon He had issue by his wife Eurydice three sons Alexander Perdiccas and Philip besides one daughter called Euryone or Exione He had also by his second wife Gygaea three sons Archelaus Argaeus and Menelaus afterwards slain by their brother Philip. Alexander Alexander reigned not much above one year in which time he was invaded by Pausanias the son of Aeropus but defended by Iphicrates the Athenian who declared his fidelity in this as well as other things towards the Children of Amyntas that Eurydice flying to him with her two Children Perdiccas and Philip he defended and sustained her Against him Ptolomy Alorites made War Ptolomy Alorites and both called Pelopidas the Theban to judge betwixt them who having decided the controversie as Plutarch saith took Philip the Kings brother and 30 other of the sons of the chief Nobility Philip educated at Thebes as Hostages to Thebes But within a year after Ptolomy murdred him not being his base brother as some suppose saith Scaliger Justin telleth us he was slain at the procurement of his mother Eurydice which having agreed to marry her son-in-law which must be this Ptolomy Alorites and thence cometh he to be called the brother of Alexander Consulted in her husbands life time how she might kill him and transfer the Kingdom to the Adulterer which being betrayed by their daughter Amyntas for his Childrens sake would not use any severity towards her little thinking she would really accomplish her wicked design upon any of them at length 5. Ptolomy Alorites held the Kingdom of Macedonia for three years Diod. ad Olymp. 103. ann 4. and then was slain by Perdiccas the brother of Alexander who succeeded him and reigned five He was then slain in battel against the Illyrians according to Diodorus but Justin saith he perished by the wicked practices of his mother as Alexander did First Guardian of his Nephew Perdiccas left behind him a young son of whom Philip his brother was constituted Guardian in the second year of Ochus King of Persia in the first year of the 105th Olympiad Callimedes being Archon Plutarch maketh him to have been carried as an Hostage to Thebes by Pelopidas Diodorus writeth that his father gave him as an Hostage to the Illyrians and that they committed him to the Thebans to be kept who delivered him to the custody of Polymnis the father of Epaminondas with whom he was brought up though Plutarch saith he lived with Pammenes and thence became an emulator of Epaminondas Justin saith he was twice given as an Hostage by his brother once to the Illyrians and another time to the Thebans which mightily conduced to his education for being three years at Thebes he laid the foundation thereof in a Citie full of ancient severity and in the house of Epaminondas a great Scholar and General If he there continued but three years he seemeth to have returned home at the beginning of the reign of his brother Perdiccas but Diodorus saith it was after his death that he made an escape from Thebes At first as it seemeth from Justin he bore but the Office of Tutor or Guardian to his Nephew but afterwards great Wars hapning in which the expectation of the Child could nothing avail he was constrained
plotted his destruction and being caught in the manner was according to her deserts though perhaps not his duty put to death after she had domineered over him and expelled his brother eighteen years 22. Alexander being known to the People to have killed his mother Justin ibid. such a Sedition was thence moved as glad he was to flie for his life and thence they recalled his elder brother Lathurus from Cyprus and restored him his Kingdom for many years after his expulsion Who being thereupon expelled Lathurus is restored being now if we may believe Justin so satisfied with his present condition as of himselfe hee would never have made War upon his mother nor thereby sought to recover out of his brothers hands what he had formerly injoyed About this time his base brother Apion of Cyrene died and left the People of Rome his heir which thereupon left the Country to it 's own freedom but after ten years was it sore shaken and almost rent in pieces by Wars and Tyranny Livius Epitom lib. 70. which fell on it being destitute of a Royal Monarch Lucullus going thither composed the differences and setled the Commonwealth as he thought which after other ten years came to be reduced out of necessity to a Roman Province From Cyrene Lucullus returned through Egypt and in his passage being set upon by Pyrats lost almost all his Vessels Platarch in Lucullo yet escaped he safe to Alexandria the Kings Fleet being sent out to meet him where Lathurus entertained him with great magnificence lodged him in his own Court which favour had never before been bestowed on any stranger and presented him with gifts to the value of 80 Talents He entertaineth Lucullus the Roman But he onely received what was necessary and neither visiting Memphis nor seeing any of the rarities of Egypt being called away by his occasions returned through Cyprus unto Sylla whose Lieutenant then he was in the War against Mithridates King of Pontus After this the Inhabitants of Thebes revolted from him but in the third year he reduced them again to obedience Pausan in Attiis which is not to be understood of Thebes in Boeotia seeing he had nothing there to do but of the City so called in his own Country Not long after he died 37 years wanting some moneths after the death of his Father Physcon A. M. 3925 and the first of the 175 Olympiad 23. It 's difficult to assign certainly who succeeded him (a) Porphyr in Graecis Euseb Some say Cleopatra his daughter and wife to his brother Alexander others (b) Apian de bello civ lib. 1. that Alexander's son being received into familiarity with Sylla the Roman Dictator was by him placed in the Kingdom then destitute of issue male They may be reconciled by that which is further affirmed by the former viz. that he maried Cleopatra then Queen Apian saith that being seized on the Kingdom Alexander the second the Alexandrians not enduring his insolence on the nineteenth day drew him out of the Court and killed him but Porphyrie reporteth him to have slain her nineteen dayes after he had maried her Certainly though his reign be accounted no longer and that of Auletes to begin here yet cannot be rejected that which is produced to the contrary For Suetonius reporteth In Julio c. 11. that Julius Caesar in his younger dayes having ingratiated himself with the People attempted by their Tribunes that Egypt might be assigned him as a Province having gotten an opportunity of extraordinary command for that the Alexandrians had expelled their King on whom the Senate had bestowed the title of friend and allie This can in no wise be meant of Auletes for when he was expelled and came to Rome Caesar was then above such a condition having spent some years in the Wars of Gall. And that King of Egypt mentioned by Cicero to have died at Tyre In Orat. 1a. 2a Agraria and reported to have left the People of Rome his heir in his Consulship can be meant of none but of this Alexander the Second who being expelled rebelliously by his Subjects lived and died there in exile so that we must necessarily assign him counting from the death of Lathurus to the Consulship of Cicero about fifteen years during which time of his life he is to be supposed to have reigned longer than onely so many dayes contrary to the vulgar opinion 25. Alexander being expelled by the Alexandrians they immediately set up in his room Auletes succeedeth Alexandor the son of Lathurus sirnamed Dionysius and Auletes because he was too much addicted to the rites of Bacchus and dancing to the sound of Cymbals and Pipes He was base born as appeareth by the Prologue to the 39 book of Trogus and so was also his brother the King of Cyprus if that be true which Pausanias speaketh of his Fathers having no legitimate issue except one daughter After some years they that set him up pulled him down for his brother of Cyprus being most unjustly spoiled of his Kingdom by the Romans through the malice of Clodius Tribune of the People they pressed him sore either to demand Cyprus of the Romans or renounce their friendship Being unwilling to do this â—od lib. 39. and by reason of his great exactions which hee made for paying of his debts contracted by his purchase of the Roman alliance he incurred their hatred Plutarch in Catone Minore and whereas he could neither quiet the tumults by fair means nor foul was glad to withdraw himself out of the way and went to Rome At Rhodes he met with Cato who was sent by Clodius out of the way under colour of doing him honour to reduce Cyprus into the form of a Roman Province Is compelled by his rebellious Subjects and betaketh himself to Rome who advised him to return and be reconciled to his subjects rather than leaving his former happy condition to expose himself to danger and the avarice of the Roman Officers which Egypt it self could not be able to satisfie Being by the Counsel of his grave and wise man reduced as into his wits he was minded to follow his advice but was presently again turned by his friends A. M. 3948. Ol. 180. ann 1. V.C. 697. Hyrcani 7. and hasted to the Citie where he had time and cause enough to repent of his despising the Oracle as then he accounted it of so great a man 25. Being come to Rome he created the Senate much trouble Strabo lib. 17. being commended to it by Pompey whom some reported to have been the cause of his leaving Egypt more than any injury offered him by his subjects Plutarch in Pompeio Dio ibid. Cicero Familiar Epist lib. 1. Epist 1. Strabo Dio ut priùs Porphyrius in Graecis Eusebii that so he might afford matter for new Wars He desired he might be reduced into his Kingdom by Cornelius Lentulus the Consul to whom Cilicia
frustrate endeavour should be ominous he cut them in pieces with his sword and thereby either eluded or fulfilled the Oracle 29. Darius this while sent a great sum of money to Memnon Diodorus ad Olymp. 111. ann 4. whom he had declared General of all his Forces wherewith he raising many men all over where he came and rigging a Navie of 300 ships betook himself seriously to his work He presently reduced Chins and sailing to Lesbus easily took Antissa Methymnus Phyrrhus and Eressus but Lesbus and Mitylene more strongly fortified with great losse of men His name being blazed abroad by these actions Arrianus l. 2. most of the Islands Cyclades sent their Ambassadors about a Peace and a rumour being spread that he intended to fall upon Euboea a great fear seized upon the Inhabitants thereof and many of the Graecians who envied the Fortune of Alexander began to take courage and conceive new hopes amongst which were the Lacedaemonians who alwaies had despised both his alliance and that with his Father Thus prosperously succeeded Darius his affairs under the management of Memnon Memnon Darius his General dieth but Providence having otherwise determined concerning his estate Memnon died shortly after and with him the King's successe was even extinct He was in good hope that the War would have been translated out of Asia into Europe by necessitating Alexander to return but understanding of his death he consulted with his Friends whether he should manage the War by his Lieutenants or go himself in person and give the Macedonians battel 30. The Persians perswaded him to march in the head of the Army Diodorus ibid. Curtius lib. 3. which thereby would fight with more alacrity but Charidemus or Eudemus an Athenian a man much admired for valour and prudence who by the command of Alexander being banished his Country was come to the Persian Court advised him not rashly to commit the fortune of his Empire to the hazard of his own life but keeping the chief power in his own hands to send some expert Lieutenant to the War He told him that 100000 men would be sufficient for this enterprize a third part of them being Graecians with which he doubted not to engage to perfect what already was well begun by Memnon The King at first gave ear to what he said but the Persians obstinately opposed it and so interpreted his words as if he affected the chief command for that end that he might betray the Empire to the Macedonians Hereat he grew angry and in his passion upbraided the Persians with cowardise which so far incensed the King before this exasperated against him that his anger overtopping his reason he cast a belt about him after the Persian manner and commanded him to be put to death who foreseing his ruine cried out as he was led away that shortly he would repent it and pay sufficiently for so unjust proceedings After the cooling of his passion he repented too late of his rashnesse and considering the valour of the Lacedaemonians bethought himself what man of worth he might find fit to succeed Memnon but finding none to whom he might commit so great a trust was necessitated to expose himself to danger for the preservation of his Kingdom Then raised he Forces in all places wich he commanded should meet at Babylon where accordingly were found 400000 Foot and above 100000 Horse and with this number taking his Mother Wife one Son of six years of age and two Daughters marriageable along with him hee marched towards Cilicia 31. Alexander in the mean while placed Satrapaes over Paphlagonia and Cappadocia which voluntarily yielded themselves Arrianus Curtius ut supra and hastned towards the Straights of Cilicia called Pylae which being quitted by those that were there placed to maintain them he easily passed and came to Tarsus which Arsames the Persian also forsook and wasting Cilicia to straighten the Macedonian Army of provisions fled amain to the King Here he fell sick of a disease which (b) Aristobulus one wrote he got by too much toil (c) Diodorus others assign no particular cause at all but according to the general tradition (d) Justin l. 11. Curtius Plutarch Arrianus Val. Maximus lib. 3. cap. 8. extern exemp ult he contracted it by casting himself all hot and sweaty into the River Cydnus whence such a cold seized upon his Nerves that he fell speechlesse and so small hopes there were of recovery that little probability was conceived of protracting the danger Onely one Physician named Philip an Acarnanian who used a speedy and desperate kind of course in his practice undertook the cure But by letters from Parmenio he was lately advised to beware of him as being corrupted by Darius for a great sum of money to make him away Yet he counting it safer to commit himself to the doubtful fidelity of the man than perish by a certain disease put himself into his hands and taking the potion gave him the letters of Parmenio to read fixing his eyes upon him as he drank whom as he saw nothing troubled at the matter he took more courage and recovered the fourth day after 32. Darius having notice of the sicknesse of Alexander hasted towards Euphrates thinking to prevent him and seize upon Cilicia Ameus Curtius ibid. But he sending Parmenâ—o before to possesse himself of the Pylae or Straights that part Cilicia and Syria followed from Tarsus and came to Anchiale built by Sardanapalus and thence to Solus where he placed a Garrison and fined the inhabitants 200 Talents of silver for their affection to the Persians Hence be marched against the Cilicians inhabiting the Mountains which having brought under he returned and understanding how Ptolomy and Asander his Lieutenants had overthrown Orontobaces the Persian who held the Castle of Halicarnassus whereby the parts adjacent were reduced to obedience upon this good news he sacrifized to Aesculapius and restored the Democratical Government to the Solians Then giving order to Philotas to lead about the horse to the River Pyramus he marched with the foot by the Sea-Coasts and came thither whence he passed over to the Citie Maâ—los where he had notice that Darius lay at Sochus a place distant two dayes march from the Straights From Mallos he passed to the Citie Issus which being forsaken by the Persians Parmenio had seized on and cleared the passage thither where he consulted whether he had better passe forwards or there expect his supplies out of Macedonia Parmenio perswaded him that no place could be more convenient for him to fight in than that straight one about Issus because both their Armies would then be equal in effect such narrow places being uncapable to receive a multitude After three dayes he passed the Straights and came to Myriander where much rain falling held the Macedonians in their Tents 33. Darius in the mean while by the perswasion of some Graecians about him had made choice of the plains of
Countrey of the Cadusians into Hyrcania Clitus he commanded to go with his own Regiment into Parthia whither he himself intended to come but now with a select party with incredible speed pursued Darius and in eleven Encampings came to Rhagae Here seeing no hope ever to reach him who before this had passed the Caspian Straights he staid five dayes and then marched for Parthia and on the first day pitch't his Camp by the Straights and on the next having entred them news was brought to him concerning the Captivity of Darius 71. For Bessus the Satrapa of Bactria and Nabarzanes a Colonel of horse though his own servants rebelled against him and drawing their men to their party caused him to be bound with an intention if Alexander should overtake them Bessus and others bind Darius to curry favour with him by the delivery of such a prisoner into his hands but if they should escape then to kill him seize upon his Kingdom and renew the War They seized on his money and stuff and taking into their society Brazus or Barzaentes the Satrapa of the Arachoti and Drangi lead him away Captive in a Chariot bound in Golden Fetters as beseemed so great a King but yet lest he should be known they covered over the Chariot with base skins and unknown men drove it his keepers following aloof off lest he should be discovered to any that asked of him The Persians having none now to follow joyned themselves to the Bactrians and with the rest owned Bessus for their General But Artabazus with his Sons and Soldiers as also the Greeks whose Captain was Patron separated themselves from them and taking another way towards the Mountains out of the high road departed and went into Parthiene 72. Upon notice of this conspiracy Alexander concluded that more haste was to be used and therefore taking along with him a party fit for such expedition he left the rest of the Army to Craterus to come after with more leisure and travelling all that night and the next day till noon gave his men a little time to rest and then again setting forward came the next morning to that place where Bagistenes the Babylonian who brought him notice of the condition of Darius had departed Then again marching fast that night and the day following untill noon he came unto the place where Bessus laid hands on Darius as * Curtius one telleth us but as * Arrianus another where they that conducted him had rested the day before Here he met with Melon Darius his interpreter who being sick and not able to follow now counterfeited himself a fugitive and fully acquainted Alexander with the King's condition He hereby vvas further quickened up to use all expedition but his men spent vvith continual travel must needs have rest and therefore he made 500 Horse-men to dismount and the Officers of Foot and others most valiant amongst them to take their Horses being arrived as before that so they might be both Horse and Foot-men as need should require 73. Whilst he was thus busied Orsillos and Mithracenes two Persians who detested the Paricide of Bâ—ssus came back from him and acquainted Alexander that he was 500 furlongs off but that they could lead him a nearer way whereby he might soon overtake him With this conduct he begâ—n his journy that night and being come 300 furlongs encountred Brocubelus or Antibelus the Governour once of Syria under Darius who told him that Bessâ—s was but 200 furlongs off that as he thought he made for Hyrcania and marched out of order as fearing no danger And upon Alexander's approaching mortally wounded him and therefore might easily be surprised He then continued his industry to overtake him but he and his complices had notice of his approaching and coming to Darius bad him mount on Horse-back and withdraw himself by flight from the Enemy He refusing to do this Salibarzanes and Barzaentes threw darts upon him and leaving him mortally wounded wounded also the Horses that drew him lest they should follow far and killed two Slaves which accompanied him having none now to follow him but a Dog which he had brought up Aelian Hist aâ—â— l. â—â— 25. Having done this the murderers with 600 fled with full speed and that they might not venture altogether Narbarzanes went towards Hyrcania and Bâ—ssus with a few Horse-men in his company kept on the way for Bactria The rest of their men stragled as they were led either by hope or fear 500 Horse-men imbodied themselves not knowing whether to flie or to receive and fight the pursuing Enemies But Alexander having notice of the fear and anxiety of the Enemy sent Nicanor with part of the Horse on before to restrain their flight he with the rest following after and when they were come up so little courage appeared in the Persians that though they resisted yet 3000 were presently slain and the rest stragled about like sheep Alexander giving command then to his Soldiers to abstain from slaughters Now appeared an incredible thing more prisoners than they that took them whilst the conquered were so stupified that they neither considered their own multitude nor the small number of their Enemies In the mean while the beasts that drew Darius having none to drive them wandred out of the way for half a mile and being wearied both by their wounds and heat stood still in a certain Valley Not far off was a certain Spring Darius discovered by Polystratus to which Polystratus a Macedonian being directed came almost spent with thirst and whilst he was drinking water in his helmet he espied the Horses fainting away by reason of the darts sticking in their sides and drawing near to consider of the matter found Darius in the Chariot sorely wounded but yet breathing He desired some water of him to drink which though none of the best yet he said was the best that ever he drunkâ— He desired him to carry his thanks to Alexander for his great humanity and courtesie towards his relations As for himself he desired rather a seemly than noble burial but bad him put Alexander in mind how dangerous it would be to all Princes to suffer his death to go unpunished He wished him the Empire of the whole World Dieth and gave his â—and to Polystratus as though to be presented to Alexander after which wishing him a reward for his kindnesse from the gods he expired This was the end of the Life Reign and Empire of Darius a man who if we look at warlike matters was fit for nothing lesse but in other things did nothing unbeseeming Royal Majesty And neither could he for as soon as he began to reign A view of his reign was he vexed by the Macedonians Whilst he lived one crosse presently succeeded after another neither could he enjoy any rest from the beginning of his reign For within a while after he received that overthrow at the River Granicus then lost he Aeolia Ionia and both
Justice Temperance Wisdom Magnanimity and Sincerity he excelled all men and so far in Military skil the art of a General and in valour that he could not adequately be called a Valiant Politick Wary Bountiful Industrious or Prudent Captain all these Titles and many others being due unto him His modesty was incredible shewing it self especially in this that after the Victory of Leuctra and many other rare atchievements he refused not to go in the Expedition into Thessalie in quality of a private Soldier He was grave yet affable and courteous as a means to all those virtues having great insight into all parts of Philosophy and Learning being therein instructed by Lycis the Tarentine a Pythagorean But * Corn. Nepos in vita Epamin enough will be said in his commendation if this be added that the City Thebes before the birth and after the death of Epaminondas was ever subject to the command of others but as long as he had to do in the management of the affairs thereof was the head of all Greece from which may be gathered that this man was of more consequence than the whole City 61. For with Epaminondas all the strength of the Theban Commonwealth was extinct as if he had not onely died Justin but all the rest of the Citizens with him who as before him they did nothing memorable so now after were famous for nothing but their overthrows and disasters After this battel of Mantinea all the Graecians being tired out with War Diodorus entred into a League offensive and defensive together out of which Agesilaus would have excluded the Messenians But Artaxerxes stood for them as having Territories as large and fruitful as the Laconians whereupon the Lacedaemonians burning with an implacable grudge against them refused to subscribe and alone by themselves refused to be comprehended in the League Corn. Nepos Plutarch in Agesilao hoping still to recover Messenia This reflected something upon Agesilaus who out of an insatiable thirst after War had by his utmost endeavour hindred the union of Greece and the burying of publick quarrels And he seemed to increase the infamy by undertaking an Expedition shortly after into Aegypt though it was by his service in his decrepit old age to get some money for the supply of the now very poor and exhausted State For it appeared a thing unseemly for the best man in Greece and one who had filled the world with his fame Agesilaus blamed to go serve a mean man and a Traytor and venture his life credit and all for a little gain when as because of his old age he had refused the Office of General at home and in his own Country though for the liberty of Greece But he thought nothing too much wherein he might serve the Commonwealth and in this respect undervalued his own honour and having served in Aegypt in a condition far unworthy of him after he had received 230 talents of Silver as a reward from Nectanbis died in his return when he had lived 84 and reigned 41 years A most excellent Captain in whom Nature inwardly made amends for that wherein outwardly she had been deficient His death most ambitious of glory and yet of exceeding great humility which he shewed in his house and in his constant conversation Though his justice was overruled by his passion in the businesse of the Theban War yet generally he held it most sacred and as a punishment for his default therein that great glory whereby he even reigned over Greece till then was afterwards together with the splendor of the Lacedaemonian greatnesse much eclypsed by the rising Fortune of Epaminondas 62. Artaxerxes King of Persia and Agesilaus of Sparta Diodorus ad Olymp. 104. an 3. died both in the same year and the next after the death of Epaminondas And the same year the peace of Greece was again broken by some Arcadians who having been translated out of the neighbouring places into Megalopolis took occasion at some words of the League which gave leave to all to return home to quit the City and return to their old habitations The other Megalopolitans endeavoured to reduce them by force Stirs amongst the Megalopolitans and thence insued a great controversie they calling in to their help the Mantineans and the rest of the Arcadians and Eleans The Megalopolitans sent to the Athenians for aid who sent them 3000 Foot and 300 horse under the command of Pammenes He with this Force took some of the Towns and terrified others into composition and so reduced them all to Megalopolis The year following Alexander the Phaerean Tyrant subdued several of the Cyclades and took thence abundance of Captives The Athenian Garrison commanded by Leosthenes opposed him in Peparethus whereupon he set upon the Athenian Gallies and took them together with one belonging to Peparethus and 600 prisoners The Athenians inraged hereat condemned Leosthenes and sent Chares with a Fleet into those parts who spending his time in scaring the Enemies but oppressing the Confederates thereby contracted an ill name For going to Corcyra he there caused such a Sedition as could not be ended but in the ruine of many and committed other things which much tended to the disgrace of those that sent him With this year Diodorus concludeth his fifteenth Book having according to his promise related such things as hapned before the reign of Philip King of Macedonia and such as together with other affairs of the Greeks related by others shew that peace security and order are things little akin to Antimonarchical Government Learned Men during this period 63. Of Learned Men Contemporary with this period in the first place is to be remmebred Hippocrates native of the Island Cous Prince of all Physicians He was the son of Heraclidas and Phaenarete Sordanus the twentieth in descent from Hercules and the nineteenth from Aesculapius Some have written that he was born in the first year of the 80th Olympiad But a certain passage mentioned in his life of his curing Perdiccas of an Erωtick Feaver Hippocrates argueth him at this time to have been famous This Perdiccas King of Macedonia who having reigned 28 years according to Eusebius or according to others 53 died about the third of the 93 Olympiad fell in love with Phila his Father Alexander's Concubine but modesty forced him to conceal his grief till he fell into a Consumption and languished Hippocrates by the motion of his eyes found out the cause of the distemper and told Phyla it was in her power to save the King's life whereupon she was willing though with the impairment of her own credit to redeem it The like story is told of Erasistratus the Physician who discovered that Antiochus the son of Seleucus was in love with his Fathers Concubine which Galen * mentioneth adding Lib. 7. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that he had made the same discovery in a certain woman 64. Hippocrates grew so famous in his Art that
slew many They implored the assistance of the Argives Eleans Arcadians and Athenians The Athenians were perswaded by Demosthenes to send them aid who reigning in the Assemblies by the power of his tongue wrote also to the Kings Captains in Asia thence to oppose Alexander whom he called a boy and a fool But Alexander marching with speed into Boeotia the valour of the Athenians well abtaed and Desthenes himself grew very cool The Thebans uncertain what their allies would do and surprised with the Kings coming called a Council of Officers to consult what should be done where it was resolved to fight for their liberty and this was confirmed by the People which with great alacrity prepared for resistance though they might have had good terms of Alexander Who delayed also to do any thing that they might have time to advise for his mind being fully intent upon the Persian War he would gladly have been rid of all trouble on this side of the Seas But when he saw their wilfulnesse Whereupon he besiegeth Thebes he fully resolved to make this City a terror to the rest Yet he first offered indemnity to all such as would come over to him which they to crosse out of emulation caused to be proclaimed from an high Tower that if there were any who had a desire to joyn with the great King and the Thebans in vindicating the liberty of Greece and suppressing the Tyrant thereof they should repair unto them 39. Then fell he with all his might and skill upon the City which they as stoutly defended knowing else what would follow and encouraging themselves with their former successe at Leuctra and Mantinea they made resistance to the wonder and discouragement of their Enemies till at length Alexander perceiving a little dore to be left unguarded sent Perdiccas thither with a party who breaking into the City made way for the rest of the Macedonians He taketh Now were the Thebans on one side by them and the other by the Garrison in Cadmea which like a tempest fell upon them cut in pieces the Law of War not being allowed them because of that Proclamation they had made from the Tower The Graecians also that served under Alexander as the Phocians Thespians Plataeans Orchomeniâ—â—s and others bearing them malice spared them no more so that great slâ—â—ghter was made they fighting it out to the last having no other regard to their lives than this to sell them at as dear a rate as possible There were slain 6000 Aelian * Var. hist lib. 13. cap. 7. by some mistake hath 90000 and 30000 were taken captives Alexander having buried all his slain to the number of 500 assembled a Council of the Graecians to which he referred what should be done with the Thebans There their Enemies urged against them that they had conspired with the Barbarians against the Graecians in the time of Xerxes had fought amongâ—â— other allies of Persia against Greece and since that been acknowledged and â—â—warded by his Successors as well deserving of them By these things they so incenced the Council as to decree the City to be levelled with the ground the Captives to be kild and such as had fled to be sought for and brought to punishment The King acquiescing in this severe sentence executed it accordingly And demolisheth it selling all he had taken except the Priests and those that had entertained his Father when he was young and their kindred with the posterity of Pindar the Poet whose house alone he left sâ—â—nding This famous City then was demolished the last day of the Fleuâ—â—â—â— Solemnities then celebrated by the Athenians the twentieth day of the moneth Bâ—â—dromion after it had continued in a setled condition almost 800 years 40. Alexander publishing an Edict whereby all Graecians were forbidden to receive the Theban Exiles the Athenians alone refused to obey it setting open their gates to them being then celebrating the mysteries of Ceres Hereat he was inraged and when they had sent to deprecate his indignation the second time The Athenians receive the Theban exiles which maketh a quarrel betwixt him and them forgave them onely on this condition to give up to him the ten Plutarch nameth but eight Orators who had stirred them up against him and the principal whereof were Demosthenes and Lycurgâ—â—◠〈◊〉 People hereupon not knowing how to demean themselves Phociâ—â— the Good who went ever crosse to Demosthenes in managing State affaires made a Speech wherein he would have perswaded the Orators to kill themselves like good Citizens rather than to bring their Country into danger but the People ill resenting this expelled him in a tumult At length Demades the Orator being hired by Demosthenes with five talents perswaded the People to mercy and so framed an answer to the King that it should signifie their readinesse to punish them if they should find them worthy thereof They sent him then to Alexander with order not onely to take up this matter but also to entercede for the Theban Exiles and obtain leave for them to receive them This he did by the power oâ— his perswasions saith Diodorus In Phocione although Plutarch saith it was done by Phocion who after Alexander had cast away from him the former Decree and rejected the messengers was kindly received by him after the King had understood that his Father respected him He not onely admitted of his request but his counsel also that if he loved an idle life he should lay aside all thoughts of War but if he thirsted after glory he should transfer his Armies from the Greeks to the Barbarians Justin writeth that he gave them leave to keep their Orators but forced them to banish their Captains who going over to Darius much incommodated his affaires beyond the Seas Arrianus onely mentioneth Charidemus to have fled to the Persians 41. Alexander returned into Macedonia with his Army where consulting about the Persian War Antipater and Parmenio his choicest Warriours advised him first to marry and beget children and then to undertake the Expedition after he was provided of Heirs But he being of a most quick and active spirit and impatient of delay would not hear of any such thing seeing as he said he was now created General of Greece and had such Forces left him by his Father After then he had by proposing the commodities of such an undertaking inflamed the minds of his Soldiers with a desire thereof he sacrifized to his gods and solemnized the playes to Jupiter formerly instituted by Archelaus his Predecessor The solemnity continued nine dayes one being allotted to each of the Muses during which in his Royal Pavilion which had twenty beds to eat on he feasted the officers of his Army and the Ambassadors of the Cities He passeth over into Asia In the Spring all things being now ready he marched with his Forces towards the Hellespont They who account the least saith Plutarch reckon 30000 Foot and 5000 Horse and who
after he was held with a sharp Feaver and was removed near the great place for swimming where he discoursed with his Officers about supplying Vacant places in the Army with the fittest persons On the 24th his disease increasing he sacrificed being borne out to the place and commanded the principal of his Officers to stay in the Court and the rest to watch before the Gates Being removed into the inner Palace on the 25th day he rested a little but the Feaver abated not and when the Captains came to see him he spake not a word So he passed over the 26th day whereupon the Macedonians thinking him to be dead came with great noise to the Door and compelled his friends to let them in so in their Coats every man of them passed by his bed's side The same day Pithon and Seleucus were sent to the Temple of Serapis to ask if he should be removed thither and received answer that he should continue where he was On the 28th day towards the evening he expired Though he (a) Val. Max. lib. 5. cap. 1. Exter Exemp 1. fainted by the violence of his disease yet leaning on his Elbow he reached out his hand to all Soldiers that would touch it in their passage and which seemeth incredible (b) Curtius lib. 10. cap. 7. continued in the same posture he had set himself till the whole Army had saluted him 40. The Soldiers being all gone he asked his friends about him whether they thought they should have such another King When all kept silence he said that as he was ignorant hereof so he knew could Prophesie Justin lib. 12. Corn. Nepos in Eumene Curtius ut suprà and almost see with his eyes how much blood Macedonia would shed in this controversie with what slaughters and bloudshed it would make him a Parentation when he was dead At length he commanded his body to be buried in the Temple of Hammon and when his friends asked him to whom he would leave his Kingdom he answered to the most Valiant Yet having taken his Ring from his finger he gave it to Perdiccas whereby all conjectured that he commended his Kingdom to him till his Children should grow up Again Perdiccas demanding of him when he would have Divine honours given to him Of which he dieth the eleventh day he replied then when they his followers were happy which were his last words and a little after he departed He * Justin Curtius Diodorus lived 32 years and eight moneths reigned twelve and also eight moneths He died six years and ten moneths after the murther of Darius in the first year of the 114 Olympiad A. M. 3681. 322 years before the Aera of Christ Sâ—sâ—gambis the Mother of Darius having with some patience born the losse both of her Son's life and Empire when she heard of Alexander's death refused to live any longer So refraining from all sustenance she died the fifth day after CHAP. II. Of such things as hapned after the death of Alexander amongst his Captains till their Cantonizing of his Empire into their particular Kingdoms and their taking the Stile and Title of Kings upon them containing the space of 17 years Alexanders Issue and Linage 1. ALexander though he had taken several Wives yet left but one Son already born of Barsine the Daughter of Artabazus a Persian and another in the belly of Roxane the Daughter of Oxyaries His Son called Hercules was despised upon his Mothers account by the Captains who much scorned the Conquered Nations He had a sister named Cleopatra Widow to the King of Epirus and their Uncle who was slain in Italy and a base brother called Aridaeus begotten on Philinna a vvoman of Larissa who married Eurydice the daughter of Amyntas whom being the right Heir and his Nephew Philip kept from the Kingdom of Macedonia after he had exercised the Office of his Protector and on him bestowed a daughter of his own in marriage This Amyntas bore patiently the want of the Kingdom all Philip's time but in the beginning of Alexander's reign with the losse of his life attempted something His title through the prowesse of the two late Kings was utterly forgotten Cleopatra as a woman perhaps was not thought of Aridaeus neither by birth personage or qualities was fitly endowed yet upon him the election fell for want of a better because the Captains were at a losse what course to take 2. For Ptolomy the son of Lagus as he was called but reputed the son of Philip who as it 's said having used the company of Arsinoe his Mother put her off in marriage to Lagus Contention amongst his Captains about the succession when great with Child rejecting the title of the half Persian brood though as Alexander's Children they should have been considered was for the Captains their taking the rule upon them and deciding all things by Vote of the major part But as he might think this course most likely to serve his own ambition so Aristonus perhaps on the same grounds betook himself to the words of Alexander which he interpreted as meant of Perdiccas because saying that he left his Kingdom to the worthiest at the point of death he delivered to him his Ring He was seconded by many who either bore good will to Perdiccas or out of fear that he would carry it would not venture to oppose him But he would needs make a shew of modesty thinking thereby the more to indear himself whereat Meleaeger an envious man and one who bore to him a particular grudge took advantage to inveigh against him and disturbed all Councils by perswading the Soldiers that whosesoever was the Empire they had the best title to the Treasure During the uproar Aridaeus was mentioned and his name laid hold on by some peaceable spirits who labouring betwixt the parties wrought a composure for the time wherein yet Perdiccas had the better of his adversary Aridaeus declared King It was agreed according to the desire of the Infantry that Aridaeus the base son of Philip should be King and for as much as he was stupid and dull rather through the practising of Olympias upon him as some thought than any Original indisposition Perdiccas was made his Protector and Commander of his Forces who hereby in effect was King for a time though that title with the name of Philip for a greater grace was conferred upon the other 3. Then did the Officers distribute the Provinces of the Empire amongst themselves Macedonia and Greece were left to Antipater Thrace with the neighbouring Countreys was assigned to Lysimachus Egypt with all that which of Cyrâ—ne The Provinces distributed amongst the Captains Africk and Arabia had belonged to Alexander was set over to Ptolomy the son of Lagus Syria and Phoenicia were committed to Laomedon Armenia to Neoptolemus Mesopotania to Arcesilaus In Asia the lesse Cappadocia and Paphlagonia with the Countreys thereto adjoyning which Alexander had passed by in his Conquests were assigned
to passe over with it into Asia and with the rest marched for Thessaly there to oppose Demetrius and the Greeks Stirs preceding the great battel There meeting and incamping with vast Armies neither of them would begin the battel expecting how things went in Asia till Demetrius was recalled thither by his father Lysimachus being landed there the Inhabitants of Lampsachus submitted to him whom he restored to their liberty stormed Sigeus and placed a Garrison there then he taketh in Phrygia upon the Hellespont and divers other places by the means of Docimus an Officer of Antigonus whom he had drawn over to him Prepelaus also whom he sent with a party to subdue the Cities of Aeolis and Ionia took other Towns Antigonus was at this time celebrating publick Games at Antigonia when hearing this news he presently broke them off and with all speed marched against Lysmachus Whom he reached and besieged him in his Camp for some time till he taking the opportunity of a dark and rainy night fled away Then hearing that Seleucus was drawing down his Forces from the upper Provinces he sent for Demetrius to come over with all expedition Seleucus had lately made peace with Sandrocottus or Androcottus who being a man of no quality had sollicited the Indians to revolt after the death of Alexander and to kill his Officers and thence took an occasion to subdue them under himself Bactria being subdued Seleucus had waged War with him but now for a Composure gave to him some Countrey lying upon the River Indus which Alexander had taken from the Arians and received 500 Elephants again of him in exchange Ptolomy with a compleat Army had come into Caelesyria where he reduced divers Cities but as he was besieging Sidon came a false report that Antigonus had overthrown Seleucus and Lysimachus and now was coming thitherward wherefore he made a Truce with the Sidonians for five moneths and returned but not long after came up again to that fatal ingagement with Antigonus 4. Plutarch in vita Demetrii Appianus in Syriacis The Forces of these several Princes were drawn down to be in readinesse against the Spring Antigonus had an Army of 70000 foot 10000 horse and 75 Elephants the contrary party had made up amongst them 64000 foot 1500 horse 400 Elephants and 120 Chariots Antigonus bragged that he would scatter the meeting of these Kings together as one might do the flocking of birds gathering Corn with the throwing of a stone but when they approached he was more melancholick than usual and was seen to discourse with his son in private in his Tent which he never used to do commended him also to the Army as his Successor This battel was fought at Ipsus a Town in Phrygia in which Demetrius leading the best party of horse ingaged with Antiochus the son and afterwards Successor of Seleucus whom he routed and put to flight but being too hot in the pursute undid all for retiring back he could not again joyn himself with the foot by reason that the Elephants were gotten between them Seleucus seeing this made as if he would have falln upon the Infantry thus destitute of the horse wherein his expectation failed him not for they fearing it part revolted to him and the rest were broken Antigonus slain in it and put to flight Antigonus standing his ground expected continually Demetrius to come to relieve him but in that expectation ended his life by a multitude of Darts thrown against him being now something above 80 years old Demetrius his son with 5000 foot and 4000 horse fled to Ephesus but there fearing his Soldiers might be some way false to him A. M. 3704. Ol. 119. ann 4. V. C. 453. Seleuci 12. Ptolom 23. he sayled to Salamine in Cyprus which he then held This fell out in the 3704 year of the World the fourth of the 119 Olympiad 23 years after the death of Alexander and six after their taking the Title of Kings upon them 5. The Conquerours parted his Dominions amongst them as we are told Iidem but it seems to have been chiefly Seleucus and Ptolomy who did not well agree about their prey and upon this account left a contention to their Successors Seleucus fell presently upon building Cities the first of which he called after himself Seleucia and the later to which he transferred the Inhabitants of Antigonia to the number of three thousand five hundred as we said before he called Antiochia either after his father or son's name for both are affirmed and this afterwards proved the Metrapolis of Syria Ptolomy after the death of Antigonus got Syria again with Cyprus Vide Usserium in prima parte Annal. pag. 461. and afterwards Cyrene also into his power and married his daughter Arsinoes unto Lysimachus as few years after his other to Agathocles the son Seleucus seeing that thus these two strengthned themselves in affinity The Alliances of the Kings thought not amisse to joyn also with Demetrius though gone down the wind and accordingly sent to him for his daughter Stratonice He receiving this unexpected Message sayled with her into Syria Passing by Cilicia which then Cassander held Plistarchus his brother cried out that he would invade his Territories and went strait to Seleucus to expostulate with him his being reconciled to the common Enemy But Demetrius landing went to Quinda where finding yet 200 Talents left in the Treasury he took them away and so went and met with Seleucus at Orossus who taking his wife away with him to Antioch Demetrius seized upon Cilicia and sent his wife Phila to Cassander her brother to purge him of those things laid to his charge by Plistarchus Notwithstanding Cassander he held Cilicia Plutarch ibid but Seleucus his son-in-law required that for a sum of money he would give it up into his hands which he refused and then he with some anger demanded Tyre and Sidon of him not being content though he held all from the Syrian Sea as far as India that his father-in-law should rest quiet with it A. M. 3707. Ol. 120. ann 3. V.C. 456. Seleuci 15. Ptolom 26. being sufficiently tossed with adverse fortune but he as stoutly denied this also saying that though he were a thousand times more overcome yet would he never purchase the affinity of Seleucus Cassander dieth and fortified the Cities with Garrisons The next year Cassander King of Macedonia died of a Dropsie which was so loathsom as Lice withall broke out of him after he had ruled that Countrey 19 years 26 after the death of Alexander A. M. 3707. 6. He left three sons by Thessalonice the daughter of Philip Idem ibid. in vita Pyrrhi Just lib. 16. and sister to Alexander Philip Antipater and Alexander The first succeeded his father but died presently of a Consumption Antipater coming after him killed his mother for that after her husbands death she seemed to favour his younger brother Alexander more than him in the
and valiant and set upon his Camp in the night Going about to do this ten young men went over to the King and told him the design of the rebels so that Molon was glad to return and put his other Army left behind him into such an Alarm for that they were ignorant of the enterprise that much ado he had to quiet them The King being provided to fight drew out his men by break of day Molon and his Army destroyed and placed them in a batalia Molon could but do it in great disorder and confusion by reason of that consternation which fell upon his men in the night In the fight which presently followed the right wing of his Army stood fast to him and fought very earnestly but the left as soon as it came in sight all revolted which he understanding now compassed in with Enemies and considering the torments he was likely to undergo if taken alive killed himself and so did all his companions in the conspiracy but his body being found was nailed for an example to a crosse in the highest parts of Media After this Victory Antiochus setled the affaires of these Countries dealing more mercifully with his Subjects than was desired by Hermias and then resolved to invade the Territories of the Barbarians lying upon his borders to terrifie them from assisting his rebels for the time to come which Hermias disliked for the danger of the War his mind still running upon Caelesyria but news being brought that a young son was born to the King he was content he should expose himself to this danger hoping that in case he should miscary he must be made Guardian and Protector of the infant but he was ignorant that his just reward hung over his head For one Artabuzanes his Country being invaded being unfit for resistance because of old age made Peace with Antiochus submitting to what soever he demanded and at the same time Apollophanes the Physician to the King and his great favourite perceiving Hermias not able to bear that high condition to which he was advanced any longer being sollicitous for his Masters safety and much more for his own And Hermias put to death so wrought the King inclinable enough to it before as being called to walk abroad one morning more early than usual before his return he was made away 14. Antiochus his mind was now turned towards Achaeus who though at the first he had born himself very modestly being elevated with successe and thinking that the King in his expedition against Artabazanes might possibly miscarry or if he did not yet hoping that he being at so great a distance he might have opportunity enough to break into Syria and have help to seize upon the Kingdom marched with his whole Army from Lydia and coming to Laodicea in Phrygia Achaeus traiterously assumeth the Diadem and Title of King then set the Diadem upon his head and first took the Title of King upon him He continued his march till he drew near to Lycaonia but there the Soldiers mutined refusing to fight against their natural King so that seeing this he strove to perswade them that he had no intention to invade Syria and diverted his course to Pisidia which harasing and inriching the Army with booty thereby he returned home again The King not being ignorant of any of this first expostulated it with him and sending him threatning messages put off the rest for this time and set himself with all his might to prepare for the War against Ptolomy Consulting then what way to invade Syria he was perswaded first of all to attempt Seleucia held by the Ptolomies ever since the invasion of Euergetes Yet Antiochus maketh War upon Ptolomy for Caelesyria to revenge the death of his sister Berenice being the Chief Seat almost of the whole Empire from whence would arise much trouble being thus in the Enemies hands and very commodious by its situation for carrying on the War both by Land and Sea He first then corrupted some of the Officers of the Garrison within who promised that if he could but take part of the Suburbs they would procure the whole Town to be yielded And getteth into Seleucia This being done the Conspirators came to the Governour and moved him to yield as from the necessity of the thing who being struck at this consternation as it appeared of the Soldiers surrendred presently the Town upon Composition 15. Whilest he was employed about this Town A. M. 3786. Ol. 140. ano 2. V. C. 535. Ant. M. 5. Ptol. Philopatris 4. Letters came to him from one Theodotus desiring him with all speed to come into Syria signifying that he would betray it all into his power for he being an Aetolian born had done the Kings of Egypt special service but was so well requited for it as he was brought into danger of life and therefore at what time Antiochus went against Molon looking upon Ptolomy as a despicable Creature and distrusting his Courtiers he had seized upon Ptolomais and Tyre and sollicited him to come down With several other places Now therefore Antiochus putting off the businesse of Achaeus till another time marched down to Marsyae the same Valley and Straights as before where hearing Theodotus was besieged in Ptolemais he went and relieved him and then having that and Tyre delivered up unto him and beating the Enemy out of the Straights he had then determined to march towards Pelusium but understanding that Ptolomy's Army was come thither and all opposition possible making for hindering his passage he went on in taking in the Towns thereabouts divers whereof presently submitted and others stood it out Ptolomy himself being given wholy up to sluggishnesse though thus betrayed took no order about his affairs All the burthen of them lay upon Agathocles and Sosibius then the greatest Officers of State who being able men sent up and down to raise Forces and make all speedy preparations for the War though to divert Antiochus they sent Ambassadors to him to treat of peace as desiring onely to go that way to work and procured Embassies from the Rhodians Byzantians Aetolians and them of Cyzicus to mediate betwixt them during which they gained time and deceived the Enemy carrying all things so close as his Ambassadors could understand nothing of their Provisions A Truce was granted by Antiochus for four moneths during which time he willed them to send to him to Seleucia giving hopes to make up the difference Is by the practices of Achaeus recalled but contrary to his intentions though now he was in a manner constrained to return into his own Kingdom for that Achaeus plotted against him and held intelligence with Ptolomy A Treaty betwixt him and the King of Egypt 16. The Commissioners coming to debate the particulars according to their instructions Antiochus laboured to overcome them with his Arguments for the justnesse of his cause as well as with his Weapons pleading he had done Ptolomy
to the Sun-beams 17. In the time of this Philometor Josephus ibid. the Jews and Samaritans inhabiting Alexandria fell out about their way of Worship they contending earnestly that the Temple of Jerusalem Dissention betwixt the Jews and Samaritans those that that at Gerizim was founded most according to the prescript of Moses and so earnest was the dispute that both parties appealed to him and his Council for a decision of the controversie who being to judge according to evidence produced out of the Law was to put to death those pleaders which could not make good their cause For the Jews appeared Andronicus the son of Messalani for the Samaritans Sabbaeus and Theodosius who being heard by Ptolomy in a full Assembly all were so well satisfied in the proofs brought by Andronicus as the King gave sentence on his side and condemned Sabbaeus and Theodosius Justin lib. 35. Philometer about this time was deeply ingaged in the affairs of Syria for Demetrius Soter having molested him much with War together with Attalus King of Asia and Ariarathes of Cappadocia all these agreed to suborn a young man of base condition who counterfeiting himself the son of Antiochus Epiphanes spoiled Demetrius both of his Kingdom and life This Alexander as he is called being especially beholden to Ptolomy for this change of his condition desired of him his daughter in marriage 1 Maccab. 10. 11. which he readily agreed to and brought her named Cleopatra to him to Ptolemais where the nuptials were solemnized with great state Afterwards Alexander giving up himself to cruelty and luxury Demetrius the son of Demetrius Soter Joseph Antiq. lib. 13. cap. 8. having hired Soldiers in Crete attempted the recovery of his fathers Kingdom Ptolomy with great forces both by Land and Sea came then into Syria under pretence of helping his son-in-law but getting a great part of the Countrey into his hands as far as the River Orontes and the Citie Seleucia he had other intentions having conceived great prejudice in his mind against Alexander the special occasion of which was that whereas one Ammonius a great Officer of his had conspired against his life at Ptolemais Ptolomy fighting against Alexander King of Syria whom he had formerly set up received a wound and dieth he refused to give him up to him upon his demand Wherefore though he went to Antioch and there set two Diadems on his head the one for Syria and the other for Egypt yet perswaded he the Antiochians to receive Demetrius for their King and taking away his daughter from Alexander gave her to him Alexander was overthrown after which he fled into Arabia as we said and there was made away A. M. 3859. Ol. 158. ann 3. V. C. 608. But in the fight it hapned that his Horse being affrighted at the noise of an Elephant threw him which the Enemies perceiving came upon him and gave him such a wound in his head that for four dayes he lay sencelesse and though coming to himself on the next he was mightily pleased at the sight of the head of Alexander Balas which was sent him yet proved it not such a Cordial but the third day after Livius Epit. lib. 52. as his Physicians were busie in dressing his own he died after he had reigned 34 years A. M. 3859. in the third of the 158 Olympiad 18. After his death the order of succession was first changed in this Kingdom For whereas hitherto the son had continually followed his father Justin lib. 38. Valerius Max. lib. 38. Valerius Max. lib. 9. cap. 1. Exter Exemp 5. and now Cleopatra his wife with the help of the Princes endeavoured to have it so in his son and hers yet his brother Euergetes the second or Physcon then reigning in Cyrene withstood her purpose and forced her for to put an end to the controversie to marry him Coming to Alexandria he first caused the favourers of the Child to be slain and then the boy himself in the arms of his mother on their Wedding day and amidst the solemnities according to which beginning he proceeded being nothing milder towards those that had sent for him For giving liberty to the outlandish Soldiers to kill and rifle he filled all places with slaughters Excerpt Diodori Siculi many being accused as though they had plotted against him were made away with cruel torments others under some pretence or other banished and their goods confiscate Ptolomy Physcon unjustly obtaining the Kingdom his cruelty Having a son born of this his sister he named him Memphitis after the place of his birth but whilest he was keeping his birth-day that he might also feed his cruel humour he put to death divers Cyrenaeans who brought him into Egypt for taxing him somewhat liberally for his too much familiarity with Irene his Concubine As his cruelty so also his lust knew no bounds for ravishing first his wives daughter and his own Niece both by Father and Mother he put away his wife and married her Val. Max. ibid. whereat the Inhabitants of Alexandria being affrighted for fear of death quit their habitations so that he being left alone as a King of houses and not of men by Proclamation called and gave leave to strangers to inhabit them It hapned that at such time as they flocked thither came also P. Scipio Africanus the younger Sp. Mummius and L. Metellus Cicero in somnio Scipionis A. M. 3875. Ol. 162. an 3. V. C. 624. Ptol. Phys 17. Joh. Hyrcani 6. sent from Rome to visit the Kingdoms and States of the East and compose their differences Scipio being landed and having his face covered the People flocked about him and desired him to uncover himself which he granting they out of the great pleasure conceived at the sight of such a person gave a shout Physcon himself coming out to meet them was exceedingly ridiculous to them being a man otherwise sufficiently deformed of a low stature and such corpulence as his belly resembled rather that of a beast than a man He provided magnificent entertainment but they despising his dainties as corrupting the manners of men ate very sparingly Excerpt Diodori onely minded that they came about and travelled into the Country where viewing the several places thereof considering the populousnesse strength and convenience of their situation they concluded Egypt a convenient seat for the greatest Empire if it had but Lords that knew how to make use of it and so departed to Cyprus and thence into Syria 19. After some time he became so odious to the new inhabitants also for his cruelty that they set fire to his Palace Justin ut prius Livius Epit. lib. 59. Val. Max. l. 9. c. 2. exter exempl 5. and he was driven with his wife and son to get away to Cyprus after which they restored the Kingdom to Cleopatra his sister whom he had put away Hereupon he raised an Army and made War upon her and them and fearing
Jannaeus or Alexander his brother succeedeth him Being seized of the Kingdom he put to death one of his brothers that conspired against him but the other who was contented with a private life he much honoured Having setled his affairs at home A. M. 3901. he went and besieged Ptolemais which with Gaza onely of the Sea-Towns remained unconquered besides the Tower of Straton since called Caesarea and Dora which Zoilus the Tyrant had got into his hands At this time the two brothers Antiochus Grypus called by Josephus Philometor and Antiochus Cyzicenus in Syria attending nothing but the destruction of each other the Defendants had little hope of any succour from either of them onely Zoilus who gaped after the Citie himself gave them a little relief There remaining no help to be hoped for but either from Egypt or Cyprus whither Lathurus had been expelled by his mother Cleopatra they sent to him desiring he would rescue them out of the hands of Alexander giving him hopes that he should not onely have them but the Inhabitants of Gaza also on his side and that Zoilus the Sidonians and others would come and help him He being puffed up with these promises made what haste he could but Demanetus one of their Citizens perswaded them for reasons formerly recited to refuse his help notwithstanding which he came on and pitching his Tents near the Citie seeing he had no Message from them Besieging Ptolemais the siege is raised by Ptolomy Lathurus began to be discouraged But Zoilus and the Gazaeans came shortly to him and desired his help against Alexander who wasted their Territories whereupon the siege was raised before Ptolemais and Alexander departed home where he attempted to overturn by policy the design of Ptolomy He sent privily to Cleopatra A. M. 3905. Ol. 170. ann 1. V.C. 654. Seleucid 213. Alexand. 5. C. Mario 6. L. Valerio Flacco Coss exciting her against him but openly counterfeiting himself his Friend and Ally promised him 300 Talents of silver to take off Zoilus the Tyrant and lay his Territories to his Dominions At first he willingly imbraced his friendship and took Zoilus but then finding he had sent underhand to his mother renounced it again and went and besieged Ptolemais which had shut the Gates on him where leaving part of his Army to continue the siege he departed thence to invade Judaea Alexander also understanding his purpose raised an Army of 50000 some say 80000 and went to meet him 6. He took Asychis a Town in Galile Idem Ibid. cap. 21. setting upon it at unawares on the Sabbath and then attempted to do the like by Sephoris a place not far distant from the other but was received with such resolution as he lost many of his men Who invadeth Judaea and overthroweth Alexander in battel and arose from thence to go to meet Alexander whom having found to have reached the River Jordan he pitched his Tents on this side over against him Alexander suffered him quietly to passe the River foolishly supposing that the victory would be more easie if the Enemy had it on his back and so could not run away For some time the victory was doubtfull or seemed to incline to Alexanders party till his Soldiers being beaten back by a reserve of fresh men and having none to succour them were put to flight and the Enemy gave the chace as long as he could hold a sword for wearinesse so that 30000 some have affirmed 50000 were slain in this battel Ptolomy ranging up and down the Countrey fell at length into some Villages which seeing full of Women and Children he commanded his Soldiers to kill them promiscuously and cutting off their limbs to cast them into hot Caldrons that a report going that his Army ate mans flesh the Enemy might thereby be discouraged But is driven back by his own mother But Cleopatra hearing that her son thus prospered in his undertakings thought her self concerned therein especially he being so near her and therefore she came against him with Forces both by Land and Sea over which she placed Checeias and Ananias both Jews Her son thinking he had her at advantage being now out of Egypt hasted thither but she had left it so provided as he could not do any thing according to his purpose and was beaten back to Gaza by a party she sent after him She having taken Ptolemais Alexander thither came to her where he was received as a person distressed by her adversary and one who onely had refuge in her self Some advised her to seize his Countrey into her hands not to suffer so many good Jews to be at the command and pleasure of one man but Ananias counting it wickednesse for him to disposesse a man received into friendship Who entereth into League with Alexander and his own Kinsman besides of his estate and withall thinking that thereby he should lose himself with the Jews in all places he perswaded her to the contrary and so she entred into a League with him at Scythopolis a Citie of Coelesyria 7. Hereby he being freed from all danger both from mother and son Idem ibid. he presently made another expedition into Caelesyria took Gadara after he had layen ten moneths before it and Amathus a strong Castle upon the River Jordan where Theodorus the son of Zenon had laid up his Treasure who falling suddenly upon the Jews cut off 10000 of them and plundred the carriages He again invading Coelesyria Yet he was not at all terrified herewith from setting upon Raphia and Anthedon called afterwards Agrippias by Herod which he took and perceiving Ptolomy to be gone to Cyprus and his mother into Egypt being angry with them of Gaza for calling him in to help them against him he set upon the Citie and wasted their grounds In the mean time Apollodotus their General brake out into his Camp by night with 12000 men and as long as night lasted had the better of it but as soon as it was day the Jews Uniting themselves and encouraged after they saw Ptolomy was not come whom they expected charged the Towns-men so fiercely as they slew 1000 men For all this they would not yield expecting the coming of Aretas the Arabian King but the Citie was taken ere they could see his face by the treachery of Lysimachus the brother of Apollodotus whom he envying for being in so great grace with the people murdered and then getting a party close about him delivered up the place Hath Gaza betrayed to him A. M. 3909. Ol. 171. ann 1. V.C. 658. Seleucid 217. Alexand. 9. Cn. Domitio Aenobarbo C. Cassio Longino Coss Alexander upon his entry did no harm to the Inhabitants but not long after gave Commission to his Soldiers to kill and slay all they would who ranging up and down with fury and sword as many of them lost their lives as they slew the Defendants fighting couragiously and setting their houses on fire
Citie sent some to ly in wait kill him in the way which he suspecting sent out a young man very like himself with his Cloths Horse and Armour and in a disguised habit travelled through by-wayes so that he devolved the danger upon the head of another and escaped Afterwards the Exiles of Sosistratus his faction being received and a peace made with the Carthaginians he lived as an outlaw within the Country but gathering together considerable forces proved so formidable to his own Citizens and their new Allies that they sought to him themselves to return and having brought him into the Temple of Ceres there took an Oath of him not to be against the popular Government Recalled and made General Making a shew then of Patronizing Democracie he so inveigled the people by his fair speeches and cunning pretences that he was constituted General and keeper of the Peace till such time as the differences then on foot through the restitution of the Exiles should be composed and then having obtained his wished for opportunity the Army being at his beck and under pretence of opposing some who at Erbita had lately revolted sufficient occasion being taken to increase his strength he marched out as against the Rebels and united unto him 3000 men some whereof had formerly served him against the Carthaginians and were most addicted to himself and adverse both to the people in general and the 600 who now had the power in their hands after the Aristocracie was taken away With these and certain Syracusians who being poor themselves envied the vvealth of others he strengthned himself and accusing the 600 to the Soldiers as having plotted against him procured them easily to be taken for Enemies and causing an Allarm to be sounded commanded the Army to march to the Citie and there to kill the Malignants and take the spoyl of them and all their party 3. The Army marching presently to the Citie every part thereof was filled with slaughters there being no difference made betwixt friend and Enemy but according to the riches or poverty of the persons and many running out into the streets to know what the matter was were slain as they asked the question Under a specious pretence he causeth a Massacre to be made of the rich Syracusians all the Gates were shut that none might escape so that 4000 by this means in one day perished Many leaped down the Walls of which some perished in the fall but others to the number of 6000 escaped of which most fled to Agrigentum where they were courteously received but sufficiently tormented in this respect that their Wives and Daughters at home were abused by the Soldiers in revenge for their escape Agathocles being glutted with a two dayes slaughter gathered together the multitude of his Captives of which he onely dismissed Dinocrates for his former friendship but the rest he presently put to death or banished and then calling the people together grievously inveighed against the 600. and at the Aristocratical Government and then mentioning what he had done to purchase the liberty of his Countrey very formally laid down his Office knowing certainly he should be sollicited to take it up again For his Soldiers now made rich by other mens goods would not endure that he or his authority should forsake them but cried out he must take care of them so that with much ado as it seemed he took upon him the Office of Chief Captain Taketh the Office of Captain General without a Collegue but without a Collegue being unwilling as he said to be called to an account for others breaking the Laws when as he acted according to them to which the people consenting A. M. 3688. he was Created Captain General with full Authority by their suffrages 4. He carried it with all sweetnesse and moderation towards all them at the first took great care for the Revenues making of Arms and increasing of the Fleet and got several of the Inland Towns into his power Idem ad ann 2. Olymp. 116. Having seized upon a Castle of the Messenians he promised to restore it for 30 Talents but after the receit of the money not onely refused to surrender it but also endeavoured to take Messene it self part of the Wall being falln down and though he failed herein of his Enterprize yet besieged he Mylae and had the place surrendred to him but the Carthaginians sending their Ambassadors expostulated with him his breaking the League and constrained him to give the Castle up again into the hands of the Messenians Ad ann 3. The year after the Exiles that lived at Agrigentum exhorting their entertainers not to suffer him thus to go on in his Conquests and make a prey of their Towns for that it was better now to set upon him before he had confirmed his Tyranny than when he should be grown too strong for them and to be forced to War with him against their Wills The Agrigentines provoked by the Exiles resolve to make War upon him This appearing to be but reason the people decreed the War and having entred into a strict Alliance with them of Gela and Messena sent some of the Exiles to Lacedaemon thence to procure a General suspecting the fidelity and moderation of their own Citizens and calling to mind the worth of Timoleon At that time was there in that Citie one Acrotatus son to Cleomenes the King labouring under the envy of most of the youth because the Lacedaemonians having been overthrown by Antipater who then Governed Macedonia after the death of Alexander the Great when such as returned from the defeat were acquitted by the people he alone had opposed the decree Being inraged hereat they beat him and laid in wait for his life whereupon now desirous of some forein command he easily accepted of this imployment and without consent of the Ephori with a few ships sayled to Agrigentum yet did he nothing worthy either of his family or Countrey but proving more bloudy and cruel than the Tyrants themselves incurred the displeasure of the people Giving himself up to all luxury and therewith spending the publick revenew he murdred Sosistratus the Chief of the Exiles having invited him to supper for nothing but out of emulation whereupon he was deprived of his command and had been stoned but that he withdrew himself into his own Countrey After his departure a composure was made by the interposition of Amilcar the Carthaginian Amilcar the Carthaginian maketh a peace upon these terms that of the Greek Cities Heraclea Solinus and Himera should continue under the power of the Carthaginians but the rest over which the Syracusanians had the Dominion should be left to their own Laws 5. The Island being hereby cleared of the Enemy's Forces he securely laid divers Towns to his Dominions and with the accession of many places to his former strength sufficiently confirmed himself having over and above his Syracusians and Confederates 10000 foot and 3500 horse
terrified by several prodigies partly by perswasion and partly by force put him again in his litter and were carrying him back to the Sea when hearing of those that came to seek for him he caused the Litter to be set down and quietly stretched out his neck to Popilius Laenas whom formerly by his Oratory he had saved from condemnation He ill favouredly enough cut off his head and hands which he presented to Antony and for so doing received a great reward Cicero slain After the head had been sufficiently gazed on by him and his wife Fulvia who set on her knees pulled out the Tongue and pricking it with Needles otherwise shamefully shewed her spite it was to the grief of all men set up in the pleading place or Rostra To such an end came this most famous man the father of Roman eloquence He was born at Arpinum on the third of the Nones of January in the 648 year of the Citie C. Atilius Serranus and Q. Servilius Capio being Consuls the same wherein Pompey the Great was born on the Calends of October His father was of Equestrian rank and issued as some said from Tullius Attius a Noble King of the Volsci Paterculus l. 2. cap. 66. Plinius lib. 7. cap. 30. He first deserved the Triumph of the Gown and the Laurel of the Tongue And as Caesar the Dictator wrote of him he obtained a Laurel greater than all Triumphs though he had one decreed to him for his good service in the field by how much the more 't is a greater and more excellent thing to inlarge the bounds of Roman wit than of Empire He died on the seventh of December when he had lived 63 years eleven moneths and five dayes His brother Quintus and his sons were slain but his own escaped for that he had sent him beforehand unto Athens And many others 12. All places in the Citie were full of slaughters Idem The ordinary rate of one head brought to the Triumvirs if by a free-man was 100000 Sesterces if by a slave half so much with the liberty of the Citie This corrupted many so as forgetting both duty and natural affection they betrayed those for whose preservation they ought to have laboured Yet now mâ—ny rare and admirable examples of the love of wives to their husbands and of slaves to their Masters appeared fewest of Children towards their Parents Yet Oppius his Act seemeth to stand for many who Aeneas like carried out his old and decrepit father and conveyed him to the Sea sometimes leading and sometimes carrying him on his back till they both escaped into Sicily whence afterwards returning the people out of a sense of his piety made him Aedilis and for that he wanted money to set out the usual Games the Artificers willingly wrought for him without wages and the Spectators by a contribution made him rich Of such proscribed persons as escaped some fled to Brutus and Cassius who received them kindly but most unto Sextus Pompey now in Sicily who sent out Vessels to hover upon the Coasts for them and furnished them when came over with necessaries The Triumvirs condemn the estates of women to get money But the Triumvirs wanting great sums for carrying on the War against Cassius and Brutus by reason that few vvould buy Confiscated Estates condemned also though not the persons yet the goods of many rich vvomen as vvell as men 13. Cassius after he had got Syria into his power Idem thought of making an expedition into Egypt against Cleopatra who now was going with a great power to the aid of Caesar and his followers but was recalled by Brutus for that Antony and Caesar who having attempted something against Ptolemy in Sicily Plutarch in M. Bruto put it now off till another time were coming against them with fourty Legions And Cassius and Brutus take extravagant courses for Treasure whereof eight had already passed the Ionian Sea Therefore leaving Syria to his brother's son with one Legion he sent some into Cappadocia who killed Ariobarzanes as one that had conspired against him and brought him a masse of money Exacting money with much rigour he came into Asia and meeting Brutus at Smyrna they consulted about the Warre Brutus moved that they should passe over into Macedonia and there encounter their Enemies but Cassius prevailed that the Rhodians and Lycians should first be reduced who refused to Contribute any thing and were powerfull at Sea It seeming good not to leave any Enemy at their back this was performed and vast sums of money by that and other means raised The Xanthians standing out Orosius lib. 6. cap. 18. as they had done in former times against Cyrus and Alexander were scarce any of them left alive and the Rhodians had little besides their lives left unto them 14. After this both the Armies met at Philippi that Citie of Macedonia to which being built by Philip to restrain the Thracians as we have formerly shewn The two parties meet at Philippi St. Paul wrote his Epistle Here appeared on either side 19 Legions Appian belli civil lib. 4. Plutarch in Antonio Florus l. 4. c. 7. Patercul lib. 2. cap. 70. Livii Epitom lib. 124. Antony and Caesar brought into the field 13000 horse but Brutus and Cassius 20000. who coming thither first incamped on an high and convenient ground near the Sea whence they could have Provisions in abundance The other party was exceedingly straightned for necessaries having onely Macedonia and Thessaly open to it for that Pompey cut off all entercourse from Africk as Murcus and Aenobarbus from Italy by their Navies This made Antony desirous to fight above measure which the Enemy knowing well enough refused to ingage till Antony making a way through a Fen to intercept his Provisions and a work being raised by Cassius against him this procured a fight wherein Cassius had the worst on his part and his Camp was taken by Antony On the other side Caesar's Wing was worsted and his Camp also taken by Brutus Cassius departing to an Hill not far off expected the event of the fight on his partner's side and because for the dust he could not discern what horse it was that made towards him sent Titinius to discover He being received with joy by those that were bringing tidings of victory stayed so long till Cassius fearing the worst and that the Messenger was intercepted Cassius killeth himself out of misapprehension killed himself or caused his Liberius or Freedman to cut off his head Scarcely was it falln when Titinius coming followed him by his own hands whom as he said he had killed by loitering 15. Brutus presently caused his Collegues body to be buried out of sight Appian ut suprà Dio lib. 47. Plutarch in M. Bruto Patercul ut priùs Livius lib. 124. lest the Army should be dejected and then had no mind to fight desiring rather to starve the Enemy who now
division of the Kingdom though she besought him by her breasts that gave him suck to spare her life After her death he endeavoured to expel his brother out of Macedonia who therefore craved aid of Demetrius and Pyrrhus King of Epâ—rus who being expelled out of his Kingdom Stirs betwixt his sons about the Kingdom had married Ptolomy's Wives Daughter and by him was restored Demetrius being now employed otherwayes the other came and received some Countreys in way of incouragement and reward for his service which he fortified with his own Garrisons Antipater now had his recourse to Lysimachus his father-in-law who being also hindred with other affairs and fearing Demetrius his coming advised him to make an agreement with his brother and for that he knew Pyrrhus would in any thing seek to gratifie Ptolomy that he might take him off he feigned a Letter to him from him wherein he adviseth him for 300 Talents received from Antipater to forsake his Enterprize Pyrrhus as soon as he opened the Letter easily discerned it to be counterfeit for that it was not directed after the usual manner as from the father to the son but as from the one King to the other 7. Lysimachus his perswasion seems to have wrought so with the Elder together with the presence of Pyrrhus as they came near to an agreement but the coming of Demetrius spoiled all For Plutarch in Demetrio A. M. 3711. Ol. 121. ann 3. V. C. 460. Seleuci 18. Ptol. 30. he having lost Cyprus lately to Ptolomy which forced him to quit Lacedaemon after he had taken Athens and now had almost taken it also came into Macedonia to amend his fortunes Procureth the destruction of them all Alexander being troubled at his coming seeing he knew the peace was partly made went out to meet and received him with great honour but told him he now had no need of his help but he either having or pretending to have a suspicion of him procured him to be slain telling the Macedonians a fair tale afterwards who seeing the one of Cassanders sons thus dead and hating the other for his impiety towards his mother received him as King Some have delivered that Alexander used Demetrius his help Pausanias in Boeoticis first in killing his brother Antipater and so revenged the death of his Mother upon him Others say that Lysimachus after Alexanders death Justin ut suprà for that he was imployed in a War with Dromichetis King of the Getes delivered also up to Demetrius that part which belonged to Antipater his son-in-law and afterwards slew him also when he complained to him that by his means he had lost his Kingdom and imprisoned Eurydice his wife his ovvn daughter for partaking vvith him in the complaint But thus one vvay or other Antipater vvas revvarded for his mother's death and so in a short time fell the posterity of Cassander by the just Judgment of God as Heathen Writers observe 8. For some time Demetrius enjoyed Macedonia during which he still aspired after his former height and power Plutarch ibid. for now having this Kingdom and Thessalâ—e in his hands as also Athens and Megara and the greater part of Peloponnesus he subdued the Boeotians Then hearing Lysimachus to be taken prisoner by the King of the Getes who shortly after yet set him at liberty he resolved to return for Thrace Demetrius getting Macedonia aspireth still after his former height but the Boeotians revolting caused him to retreat though on his march thither coming back he found that his son Antigonus had overthrown the revolters in sight but Thebes still remained untaken and whilst he was going about that Pyrrhus of Epirus being now alienated from him since the death of Deidamia his sister which Demetrius had maried invaded Thessaly from his own Frontiers and pierced as far as the Straights of Thermopylae Demetrius hearing this left his son in the Siege and hasted against him but he staied not his coming but retired and then Demetrius fortifying Thessalie returned to Thebes where the Inhabitants so stoutly defended themselves that he lost many men and himself was wounded in the neck yet according to his skil and fortune in taking of Cities whence he had the Sirname of Poliorcetes he stormed the place and though he pretended at first severely to punish the Inhabitants yet he satisfied himself with the death of ten or thirteen and banishing a few pardoned the rest 9. Finding that his Macedonians were quiet when abroad but seditious at home he fell upon the Aetolians to divert them Plutarch Wasting their borders there he left Pantauchus with some Forces and with the rest marched against Pyrrhus who hearing it came out to meet him but they missed of each other and went several wayes Demetrius into Epirus which he harrased Pyrrhus light upon Pantauchus who challenging him to fight gave him a wound but he received two for it himself and thereupon falling he had been slain but that his friends presently rescued him after which his Army was put to flight and 5000 of them taken After this Demetrius fell sick at Pella and then Pyrrhus again invaded his Territories a great way no body resisting him nay he had such an opportunity as scarce could he have desired a better for seizing upon the whole Kingdom many revolting to him and Demetrius his Captains making but slow endeavours to hinder his progresse But he having his mind set more upon booty than any thing else stayed not their coming but fled away losing many of his men in the retreat For all this Demetrius seeing him have a restlesse spirit thought it not amisse to reconcile him unto him but especially at this time for now he resolved to make for his Father's Kingdom with all the might he possibly could and therefore lest he should leave an Enemy at his back concluded a Peace and entred into a league with him 10. Greater preparations he made than ever had been since Alexander his time For he got together little lesse than 100000 Foot and 12000 Horse a Navie also of 500 sail But labouring to get some ships whereof were of extraordinary bignesse Seleucus Ptolomy and Lysimachus being startled hereat combined together for resistance and joyntly sent to Pyrrhus to move him to break the league which Demetrius had made with him as they alleged not to rest in peace but to make War upon whom he pleased He believing as much agreed with them for that he hoped Demetrius might as easily lose Macedonia as he had got it and then Ptolemy sailing into Greece sollicited there the Cities from their obedience Lysimachus from Thrace A. M. 3717. Ol. 123. v. 1. V.C. 466. Seleuci 25. Ptolom Lagi 30. and Pyrrhus from his borders made inroads into Macedonia Demetrius first began to march against Lysimachus but afterwards hearing that Pyrrhus had gotten Berrhaea into his hands returned and went against him thither where when he was come divers from the Town