But I was pleased to see many Turks to salute Seignior Gabriel the Emperour's Courier in our Company and to take his hand and put it to their foreheads Dr. Edw. Brown 's Travels Persians A Mile nearer Spahawn the Visier the Sultan of Spahawn Meloyembeg and Hodgenazar the Armenian Prince in a Cavalcade of about 4000 Horse and innumerable Foot came out to meet us the High-way for two Miles full of Men Women Children and Banyans who all saluted us with Hoshomody Soflowardy the better sort with Hosh-galdom Sottogaldom i.e. Welcom welcom Heartily welcom Sir Tho. Herb. Mogul's Countrey Indolstan 1. The Meaner sort to their Superiors put their right hand to the Earth 2. Their Familiars in intimate Salutation take one another by the Chin and cry Father or Brother using good Wishes as God give you health Ans The same health God give you I wish you the Prayers of the Poor I wish one good after another to come to you every quarter of an Hour 3. The Better sort when they entertain you rise up to you bow their Bodies and then entreat you to sit with them The Goeghy a Sect of Banyans never speak to such as pass by them nor give them the time of the day nay they will not answer those that speak to them out of a Perswasion that being consecrated to their God Bruin they should defile themselves by speaking to other Men. Mandelslo's Travels into the Indies p. 56. Chinese Above all the Chinese exceed in this Point The first thing they teach their Youth is Salutation and have whole Books writ upon it If a Man hath but once seen a Person he is obliged to salute him and this is not done with the Hat but closing the left hand and putting it into the right and both to the Breast with a low inclination of the Head with Protestations to confirm what is expressed by Gestures c. Idem Tunquin Among the Tunquinese it is not the Custom to ask one another How they do but How many Measures of Rice he ate far his Dinner and whether he ate with an Appetite This is a general Custom among all the Idolatrous Indians unless in the Dominions of the Great Mogul where they â—at not Rice only but Bread and there they ask in Civility How much Rice they boiled and How much Meal they baked for Bread Tavernier 's Collect. of Relat. Fidelity Treachery Jews THE Treachery of the Jews hath been one great Reason of the unkind Usage they have met with from Christians and their frequent Expulsions from Country to Country as at Trent for crucifying a Child and poisoning Wells so likewise in Hungary c. for the like Misdemeanours In Curland for a Murrain as was suspected raised by Jewish Exorcisms among the Cattle but intended as was said a Plague to the People c. Christians The Christian Principle and the Practice of good Christians is well known in this respect Yet sometimes we have instances of gross Perfidiousness as in the case of Vladislaus K. of Hungary who by instigation of the Pope's Legate had broken League with Amurath the Turkish Emperour who upon his crying out Are these O Christ the Leagues which thy Servants have Sworn to by thy Name If thou art a God Avenge the Injury got the Victory over him and carried the King's Head on a Spear c. Alsted Papists Henry 7th Emperour was so Devout that he would pray and weep whole Nights before a Crucifix which he carried with him and received the Sacrament daily upon which occasion he died by a Minorite of Florence that gave him the Host Poisoned Alsted Hist. John Husse and Jerome of Prague were burnt alive after a Promise of Safe-Conduct granted by the Emperour and the Axiom enacted That Faith is not to be kept with Hereticks Russians The Muscovites are generally false and perfidious not regarding their words but studying to over-reach or cozen all they can insomuch that being in other Countries they strive to dissemble their own S. Clark Romans I love Treachery but hate Traytors said Augustus Emperour to one that boasted of his Merits Rhymitacles King of Thrace who had revolted from Antony to him Camerar Heathens Brennus King of France over-whelmed a Maid that had betrayed Ephesus to him with Bracelets and Necklaces the Reward of her Treachery Idem The Julian Law assigned the same Punishment to Sacrilege and Treachery placing the one the very next step to the other Vlpian l. 7. de Offic. Procons Mohometans Solyman The Turkish Emperour contrary to his Promise commanded the Betrayers of Buda to be slain Camerar The same Solyman promised his Daughter for a Reward to him that would betray the Isle of Rhodes but when the Christian Traitor challenged his Promise with a large Portion for Matrimony the King brought his Daughter out in very costly Attire with a Vides me stetisse promissis you see I am as good as my word but withal commanded him to be flead and put on a Bed of Salt or his Daughter would not be a fit Match except for a Mussulman whose Skin was Circumcised and clean from Baptism Idem One of the Dervises pretending to ask an Alms of Bajazet the Second desperately assailed him with a short Scimiter hid under his hypocritical habit Knolles p. 463. The like they had attempted against his Father in his Youth c. and in our days Mahomet the Great Vizier Passa was murthered by one of these Dervises Idem The Mahometans but especially the Hindoes are very faithful to all their Engagements insomuch that if they be assaulted at any time they will rather die in defence of their Trust than forsake it and those that intrust them in time of their need Marriage and Divorce Jews THE manner of proceeding in Marriage is set down Methodically in the first Book what was omitted there is to be related here After the Dowry made by the Bridegroom upon the Bride of which but half the Sum is usually given to Widows as to Virgins follows Affiancing in these words Behold take her after the Law of Moses The Man replies Be thou unto me a Wife according to the Law of Moses and Israel Their Dowry-bill according to the usage of the Jews in Barbary is thus Upon the Sixth of the Week the Fourth of the Month in the Year of the Creation of the World according to the Computation which we use here at Arzila a Town scituate on the Sea-shore of Barbary the Bridegroom Rabbi the Son of R. said unto the Bride-wife Daugter of R. Merchant in Alcazar Be unto me a Wife according to the Law of Moses and Israel and I according to the Word of God will worship honour maintain and govern thee according to the manner of Husbands among the Jews who do faithfully worship honour maintain and govern their Wives I also bestow upon thee the Dowry of thy Virginity amounting to 50 Shekels which belong unto thee by the Law and moreover thy food raiment and
for the Master's Offence alone but for his own Rosse Self-denial Jews IN nothing scarce did the Pedagogy of the Mosaick Law approve it self to be an excellent Institution more than in this that the whole drift and tendency of it was to break the Jewish Nation off from their own Wills and bring them to an humble dependency upon the will of God And accordingly we find the Devout Persons that were among them deny themselves mightily in the Observations of the Mosaick Rites in the distinction of Meats of Days of Garments in their Solemnities of the Ordinances of Circumcision Passover Purifications Sacrifices c. And to this day they are superstitiously Zealous and Obstinate in bearing the reproach of an accursed People and adhereing still to their old Religion in despite of all the Evidences that are produced in the World to prove all the Shadowy part of it null and void Papists At the Inauguration of the Roman Popes the Master of the Ceremonies leads the way into S. Gregory's Chappel and burns some straws over a Candle repeating 3 times Sic transit gloria mundi Camerar Daniel Arch-bishop and Elector of Mentz in a little peculiar Book of Prayers which he had wrote Life is short Beauty deceitful Mony fluent Government hateful War destructive Victory doubtful friendship deceitful Old Age miserable Death happiness the fame of wisdom Eternal Idem Mahometans When they pray to God for any thing they are to resign themselves to his will and say O my God I beg of thee not to grant what I ask if it be not for my Good F. Simon Calvinists He that hath learned to displease himself much hath made a good proficiency in Christianity Calvin The Marquess of Vicum in Italy that for his Religion relinquished his Native Soyl the Wife of his Bosom his dear Children his great Riches and took upon him a voluntary Exile at Geneva to serve his God according to his Faith and Conscience that he might die in Peace and save his Soul was a very remarkable instance of Self-denial Indians Some of the Indian Faquirs live in little pitiful Huts near their Pagods where they have once in 24 hours Victuals bestowed upon them for God's sake Some will retire into Huts near their Pagods where there is but one hole to let in the light and will stay there according to the height of their Devotion sometimes 9 or 10 days together without either eating or drinking a thing which I could not have believed had I not seen it My Curiosity carried me to see one of them with the president of the Dutch Company who sent a Spy to watch night and day whether any body brought him any Victuals but he could not discover any relief the Faquir had all the while sitting upon his Bum like our Tailors never changing his posture above 7 days together not being able to hold out any longer by reason that the Heat and stench of the Lamp was ready to stifle him There are other sorts of Penance out-doing this which might be thought incredible were there not so many thousand witnesses thereof e.g. One over whose head several years have passed yet he never slept day nor night When he finds himself sleepy he hangs the weight of the upper part of his Body upon a double Rope fastened to the Bough of a Tree and by the continuance of this posture which is very strange and painful there falls a humor into their Legs which swells them very much Another night and day Summer and Winter carries his Arms above his Head which causes certain Carnosities to breed in his Joynts that he can never bring them down again His hair grows down to his waste his Nails are as long as his Fingers his nakedness is all the year long exposed to heat and rain and stinging of Flies For he hath no use of his hands to rid himself Another stands on one foot for several hours in a day with a Chafing-Dish in his hand offering Incense to his God and all the while fixing his Eyes upon the Sun Another sleeps without ever resting his Arms a great torment certainly Others have their arms flagging down upon their Shoulders through weakness being dried up for want of Nourishment Some in a posture quite contrary to the motion and frame of Nature keep their Eyes always turned toward the Sun Others fix their Eyes perpetually on the ground never so much as speaking one word or looking any person in the Face c. There is an infinite variety of them In City and Countrey they go all as naked as they came out of their Mothers Womb And tho the Women approach them to take them by the Fingers ends and to kiss those parts which modesty forbids to name yet shall you not observe in them any motion to Sensuality at all rather quite contrary seeing them never to look upon any person but rowling their Eyes in a most frightful manner you would believe them in an Ecstasy Tavernier Par. 2. l. 2. c. 6. Justice and Honesty See Care of the Bodies of others Jews THE Jews in case of Meum and Tuum have a cheap and compendious way of proceeding and determining what is Right and Wrong by a Juncto of Sabios or Masters Dr. Addison Ancient Christians Nazianzen reports of his Father That though he went through great Offices of State yet he made not one Farthing's addition to his own Revenue though he saw some before his Eyes that with Briarius laid hold on the publick Treasures and therewith filled their own Coffers St. Austine saith He knew a Man probably himself who having a Book offered him to be sold by one that understood not the Price of it at a very small Under-rate took the Book but gave him the full price according to its just rate a great deal more than the Seller asked De Trin. l. 13. It was Pliny's Testimony to Trajan l. 10. Ep. 97. The greatest Fault that they the Christians are guilty of is that they use harmlesly to meet to worship Christ and at those Meetings to bind themselves by a Sacrament or Oath that they would not do any Wickedness that they might be firmlier obliged not to commit Theft Robberies Adulteries not to falsifie their words or to deny any thing wherewith they are entrusted when it was required of them A Woman that industriously made her self to Miscarry was adjudged to ten years Pennance Infant-killing by a Law of Valentinian Emperor was made subject to the same Penalty with killing an adult Person The Punishment of Willful Murder by St. Basil's Rule was twenty years Pennance In Tertullian's time perpetual Pennance not to be absolved by Death Dr. Cave 's Prim. Christian. Georgians In Georgia a Thief is acquitted paying Seven-fold what he hath stole two parts to the Party robbed one to the Judges and four to the King If he hath not wherewith to satisfie he is sold if the Product do not yet equal the Sum his Wife is sold
Arm was dried up immediately That the Child being thrown into a Fire turned it into a Bed of Roses 6. That some of this Fire is still preserved and is worthy of great Veneration 7. That the King devising new Torments was at last stung to Death with Flies and all that would not kiss the Prophet's Feet and submit 8. That this Prophet under Scha-glocktes the Succeeding Prince was cast into a Bath of melted Silver but coming out safe all received him as a Prophet and called him Zer-Ateucht i. e. wash'd in Silver 9. After this the Prophet was never seen more 10. That he will have three Children 11. The first Ouchider to be born of a Virgin who shall come into the World and cause his Father's Laws to be received by Preaching and Miracles 12. The Second Ouchiderma who shall be conceiv'd in like manner who shall assist his Brother and convince all the World by causing the Sun to stand still 10 years 13. That the 3d. called Senoict-Hotius conceiv'd by the same Mother shall come with more Authority than his two Brothers and shall perfectly reduce all People to the Religion of their Prophet 14. That after these things shall be the Universal Resurrection when all Souls in Paradise or Hell shall return to take possession of their own Bodies that then all Mountains and Minerals being melted shall fill up Hell and destroy mansions of the Devils 15. Afterwards the World shall be level'd and made Habitable and men shall have their Apartment in it according to the good which they did but their chief delight shall be in beholding and praising God and Ibrahim their Prophet M. Tavernier l. 4. c. 8. They say also That before the Resurrection those that are in Paradise do not behold the face of God no not the Angels themselves except only one who always attends upon God to receive and execute his Commands That God will have pity upon the Damned and that they shall go into Paradise as having suffered enough already for their Sins Idem Indian Idolaters I Believe one only Almighty God and only Wise Creator of Heaven and Earth who fills all places with his Presence by some called Primissar by others Peremael others Westnon others Ram c. that this Ram was the Son of a Potent Raja called Deseret and the most Vertuous of all his Children his Wife's name Sita both Banished with a Brother Lokeman but passing through a Wood Ram being in pursuit of a Bird his Wife Sita was Ravished by Rhevan a kind of Deity also that all the Creatures were employed in Searching for Sita who at last was found by a Monkey that had leaped over the Sea in Rhevan's Garden who Saluted her in Ram's Name and presented her a Ring and with Fire with which some of Rhevans Servants would have burnt him the Ape set Fire on Rhevan's Palace and thereupon leapt at one Jump over the Sea again and brought greeting from Sita to Ram who thereupon by the guidance of the Ape raised Forces and went over and rescued his Wife Hereupon Rhevan spent all the rest of his Days like a poor Faquir and gave original to that Order I believe that departed Souls are according to their Lives ordered to inhabit another Body The Souls of the wicked into Asses Dogs Cats c. Of the Good into Cows or potent Rajaes That if a Man Die with a Cows Tail in his Hand he is happy M. Tavernier Part. 2. l. 2. The People of Formosa I Believe the World to be Eternal The Soul to be Immortal And future Rewards and Punishments according to our good or evil deeds That the passage to the other World is over a narrow Bridg made with Canes from which the Wicked fall into a nasty miry place there to abide for ever the Good go to a Mansion of Pleasure That there are several Gods Tamagisahanch in the South who presides o're the Generation of Mankind from whom all good to Body or Mind proceeds that his Wife Taxank-punda when it Thunders chides with him for not sending Rain Sariachsingh in the North who destroys all Benefits bestowed on Mankind that both these are to be Prayed to That there are two Gods of War Talafula and Tapaliape to be invocated only by the Men. Pacquet broke open vol. 2. Siamites I Believe that one Supreme God Created the Universe and Governs the World That there are several other Gods Subordinate to him That the Soul is Immortal That on its separation from the Body it passes to Eternal Happiness or Misery after various Transmigrations That good Works will save a Man That this Religion was received by Immemorial Tradition from the Saints now worshipped by them as Deities Pacquet broke open vol. 2. Peguians I Believe that the Chief of the Gods who hath several Gods under him is the Author of all the Good that Mankind enjoys but that he leaves to the Devil the disposing of all Evil and therefore a greater Veneration is due to him than to God All Men naturally taking more care to appease a powerful Enemy than be grateful to an obliging Friend That good Works are more conducive to Eternal Hppiness than Faith That a man may be Saved in any opinion so his Life be Pious and Regular That five principal Sapans or Holy-days are to be kept 1. Sapan Giacchi the Pilgrimage of the King and Queen in Grandeur 2. Sapan Carena in Honour of their great Idol 3. Sapan Segienon in Honour of other Idols 4. Sapan Daiche when the King and Queen throw Rose-water at each other and all the Nobility wash them out of a Pot of the same and none can pass the Streets without having Water thrown at him out of the Windows 5. Sapan Donan when a Race is performed by Boats in the Kings and Queens presence as they Pass to Meccao Tunquinese Of these there are three Sects The Author of the first is Confutius whose Creed is as follows I Believe that man is composed of two Parts the one fine and subtil the other material and gross when Man Dies the subtiler part goes into Air the gross stays in the Earth that the 7 Planets are to be Adored but especially these Gods Rauma Betolo Ramonus and Brama and Satisbana by the Women as also the Heavens by the King and Mandarins The Author of the Second Chacabout followed by the most part of the meaner People hath taught them thus There are Ten Commandments which see afterwards a Transmigration of Souls That they who would be Religious must renounce the Delights of this Life be Charitable to the Poor overcome their Passions and give themselves up to Meditation That there are ten distinct places of Joy and Torment the Torments proportionable to the Offence and without any end The Imperfect shall wander in diverse Bodies 3000 years the Perfect go immediately to Bliss The Author of the Third Sect is that of Lanthu a Chinese a great Magician who taught that his Mother carried him in her
wine c. Dr. Brown's Trav. p. 152. Mahometan Persian Ranon el-avel 31 days On Christmas-Eve in Fez they eat Sallads of green Herbs Rosse Turkish-Dgiamazil ewel 30 days Ancient Heathen Dec. 17. Saturnalia proper to men lasting 3 days To which were added Sigillaria to make up 7 days At this Festival they had Feasts Dancing filthy Sonsg New-years-gifts Strenas The Heads of Slaves were covered with a Pileus as a Symbol of Liberty and attended by their Masters Dec. 19. Opalia Saturnalia The Druids at the End of the Year Offered Oke-branches to Jupiter crying Come to the Oke-branches the New Year Dec. 21. Angeronalia Angeronae Deae Macrob. Herculi Cereri de Mulso Idem 22. Feriae Laribus dicatae Compitalia Ludi Laribus 23. Feriae Jovis Larentinalia Plut. Var. Ovid. 24. Juvenalis dies Octavus Saturn additus Suet. unde Juvenales ludi Jan. 1. Jani Junonis Gamelia Junoni 8. Sacrificium Jani 9. Agonalia 11. Carmentalia a Feast dedicated to Evander's Mother Solemnized with the recital of Prophetic Verses 12. Compitalia Solemnized in Streets and High-ways where the Heads of Poppies and Onions were Offered up to the Lares instead of Infants which had been Offered before till prohibited by Junius Brutus Modern Heathen The Saxons called December Giuli from the Conversion of the Sun and encrease of the Days from Giul a Wheel in Gothic And in the old Runic Fasti their Feast was signified by a wheel which lasted 12 days whereon they Feasted and sent Presents one to another and offered Sacrifice to the Sun to express their Joy for the Return of the Sun Dr. Stillingfleet 11. In Sebat January February Jewish 5. A Fast The Elders dye that were the Equals of Joshua the Son of Nun. Scal. 23. A Fast All the Israelites gathered together against Benjamin because of the Harlot and Idol of Micha Scal. Ancient Christian Sr. Matthew Hale had for many years a particular Devotion for Christmas day and after he had received the Sacrament and been in the performance of the publick worship of that day he commonly wrote a Copy of verses on the honour of his Saviour as a fit expression of the joy he felt in his Soul at the return of that glorious Anniversary There are seventeen of those Copies printed which he writ on several Christmas days Dr. Burnet in his life Feb. 1. Ignatius Bishop and Martyr A Popish Festival Feb. 2. Stratenia Gospoda Boga Candlemas-Day a Feast of the Muscovites Papists Protestants c. With the Papists upon this day is a Procession in memory of that procession which Joseph and Mary made to the Temple This Feast was instituted in the time of Justinian upon a great mortality which then happen'd and Candles this day are carried with great solemnity to shew that our light should shine before men that Christ who was this day presented in the Temple is the true light of the world and that like wise Virgins whereof Mary was the chief we should have our lamps ready Feb. 10. William Confessor Mahometan Persian Kanon elsahi 31. Feb. Turkish Dgiamazil ahhir 29 Days Ancient Heathen Jan. 13. Tibicines habitu muliebri Vrbemlustrabant Plut. Jan. 15. Carmentalia relata et Porrime et Postverte Jan. 24. Circa hoo tempus Sementinae Feriae non state quidem sed indictae 29. Equiria in Campo Martio 31. Sacra deis Penat qui Patrii et Vrbani dicti sunt Feb. 1. Lucaria Elaphobolia Diane sacra a cervis dicta Feb. 13. Fauni festum et Jovis 15. Lupercalia the solemnities of Pan wherein 1. A dog and two goats were offered 2. Two Noblemen's Sons were to have their foreheads dipped in milk and dried up with wool 3. The youths must laugh and cutting thongs out of the goat-skins must run naked through the streets their privities only covered and strike all they meet especially young wives to help concepcion and safe Travel 12. In Adar Febuary March Jewish 7. A Fast Moses our master died who rests in peace Scal. 9. A Fast The School of Sammai and the School of Hillel began to contend amongst themselves Idem 13. A Festival Nicanor is slain Scal. Adar 14 and 15. Purim or the Feast of Lots Esth 9.21 Instituted by Mordecai in remembrance of the Jews deliverance from Haman before whom lots were cast daily for destruction of them On these two days they read the book of Hesther and at the mention of Haman beat with fists and hammers upon the benches and boards Otherwise they spend the time in Bacchanal riots and excess for as Dr. Addison tells us they have a rule that at this time they should drink till they cannot distinguish between Cursed be Haman and Blessed be Mordecai which are expressions in the service of the day Ancient Christian Mar. 1. S. David's Feast is celebrated especially by the Inhabitants of Wales whose Tutelar Saint he is reputed to be and accordingly is put in the Popish Kalendar Mar. 7. Tho. Aquinas a St. of the Roman Catholics Mar. 12. S. Gregory the Great Pa. Rom. Mar. 17. S. Patric Bishop celebrated in the Popish Church Mahometans Persian Chaabat 28. or 29. 4th Day of this Moon they have prayers in their Mosches till mid-night and then return home and feast This Festival is because of the Lent which comes two months after Turkish Redgeb ai 30. d. Mar. 1. Called by the Persians Scheual the Persians solemnize a feast which they call Chummehater in memory of Haly's taking possession of the estate of his Cousin and Father in-in-law Mahomet Mar. 3. Another called Tzar Schembesur i. e. the 4th sad Sabbath because say the Persians 't is an unlucky day on this day they shut their shops work not put away no money lest they should do nothing else all the year after swear not nor make any debauches Ancient Heathens Feb. 18. Quirinaliorum Stultorum Feriae Fornacalia indicta deae Fornacali Sacra Feralia diis Manibus 19. Deae Mutae 20. Charistia i. e. Sacra Cognatorum when Relations met and bestowed gifts mutually 21. Terminalia 27. Equiria in Campo Mart. Mar. 1. Matronalia or the Womens Saturnals foemineae Calendae The day on which anciently the Sabine Dames decided the Battle between their parents and husbands On this day the more dainty women sat at home in great chairs richly adorned receiving gifts c. In Romulus's time the year began on Mar. 1. 14. Equiria altera apud Tyberim vel si aquis increverit in Caelio Monte. Annae Perennae Parricidium viz. Jul. Caesaris Modern Heathens Houly a Feast at full Moon in February kept in the E. Indies in Caboul with great devotion the Pagods filled with people who come to pray and make their oblations there cloathed in red visiting their friends in Masquerade dancing by companies in the streets to the sound of Trumpets those of the same tribe eat together and at night make bonefires ended with a child shooting arrows to the figure of a Giant to
over another upon the Navel and say softly some Prayers to themselves 4. They still keep their face to the Keble 5. At the end of every Prayer prostrate themselves on the ground and cry Allah ekber At Sabahnamaz they prostrate 8 times At Noon 20 times At the Quindy 16. At the Akschamnamaz 10. At the Yatzinamaz 24. 6. They never prattle nor talk in their Moschs but carry themselves with great Reverence 7. They turn neither this way nor that way whatever may happen M. de Thevenot Ancient Heathen The people were obliged both among the Ancient Greeks and Romans to a grave Comportment all profane and rude persons being driven away And when any Sacrifice was offered both the Priest and People that offered laid their hands on the Altar to signifie their free consent and heartiness of Devotion Modern Heathen In the Becar a Province of the East Indies when the people come to their Pagods having taken directions from their Bramens they anoint their bodies with Oil and say their Prayers and depart M. de Thov But first they present their Oblations to the Idol Idem The Persians are covered on their Heads all day long with their Shasks not excepting the presence of their King nor their set times of Devotion Sir Tho. Herbert 16. The Rule of Worship Jewish 1. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Moses The Prophets The Psalms H. Scripture Hammi-kra Reading 2. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 viz. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 A Secondary Law consisting in Traditions for many Years unwritten or dispersed without Order till after our Saviour's time and then by Rabbi Juda reduced to Aphorisins which afterwards became of great Authority with all the Jews The Book is called Mischna i. e. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Its parts are as followeth 1. Zeraim of Fruits and Seeds c. 2. Moed of Fasts 3. Naschim of Women Divorces Diseases 4. Nezikim of Losses 5. Kodaschim of Sacrifices and sacred things 6. Tahoroth of Purifications Hotting Their Religion is contained in the Old Testament and Talmud M. de Theven For say they Moses was not with God on M. Sinai 40 Days and 40 Nights to keep Geese Purchas Canons also were made by the Sanhedrim and varied in several Generations about the Times of Morning and Evening Service the Number of Prayers to be said daily which at last grew to be 18 c. Dr. Lightfoot To study and read the Bible is a Vertue and not a Vertue i. e. a small Vertue but to learn their mischna or Talmud-Text is a Vertue worthy Reward and to learn Gemaram the Complement of the Talmud is a Vertue so great that none can be greater Purchas ex Tract Banamaziah Ancient Christian 1. H. Scripture Our pious Fathers fetcht their Weapons against the Hereticks out of no other Armory than the Scripture Augustine against Patilianus the Donatist saith Let not these words be heard among us I say or you say but let us rather say Thus saith the Lord Jerome saith whatever things are asserted as delivered from the Apostles without Scripture-Testimony are smitten with the Sword of God Ambrose to Gratian the Emperour Let the Scriptures be asked saith he Let the Apostles be asked Let the Prophets be asked Let Christ be asked Jewel's Apol. I adore the fullness of Scripture Let Hermogenes's School shew that it is writ if not writ let him be afraid Tertul. 2. Traditions Of which Tertullian speaks in these words I will begin with Baptism where coming to the Water we testify before the President That we renounce the Devil his Pomps and his Angels then are we thrice dipt answering somewhat more than Christ commanded in his Gospel The Sacrament of the Eucharist which our Lord instituted after Supper we partake of in our meetings before the Day arise we think it wickedness to fast or to pray kneeling on the Lord's Day we kneel not from Easter till Whitsuntideâ— Whensoever we go forth or come in or whatsoever we are conversant about we sign our foreheads with the sign of the Cross And if you do require a Law of Scripture for these Observations you will find none Tradition will be alledged as the Author and Custome the confirmer of them de Coron Mil. c. 3.4 Vincentius Lirinensis saith he many a time and with much industry and attention enquired of Holy and Learned Men how he might by a certain general and regular way discern the Truth from Falshood c. and he always received this kind of Answer First by the Authority of the Divine Law and secondly by Tradition of the Catholick Church Because saith he tho the Scripture be perfect and more than sufficient for all things yet by reason of its heighth it is diversly interpreted Let us endeavour to hold that which hath been believed every where always by all Vin. Lirin Commonit c. 1 and 3. Mahometan Mahomet distinguisheth the Law into 1. Written viz. The Alcoran so called from Al this and Koran Reading of 124 Azoaras or chapters On the Cover of which they write Let none touch this but he that is clean Their Liturgy is in the Arabian Tongue not understood by many of the common people The Priests never touch their Alcoran without an Expression of much outward Reverence So the people at seeing or hearing of it read shew much attention affection and reverence The Alcoran written in Heaven and sent in the month Ramadan They lift it to their heads before they read it It hath no method or order in it 2. Unwritten viz. the Suna or Assonna Traditions whereof Bochari hath published 7275 Titles or Apothegms Most of the Mahometans do firmly believe them all called therefore Populus Sunae N. B. They receive the Decalogue of Moses and cause it to be observed by all M. de Theven Ancient Heathen 1. Written The Romans had the Books of Sibylla Cumana kept by a College of 8 Pontiffs with a Chief whose Office it was to regulate all the Ceremonies relating to the Worship of the Gods Galtruch What Rites of Sacrifices and Worship were to be observed were not only diligently prescribed in the Laws of Sacrifices but by the Oracle of Apollo enjoyned to be observed with much Accuracy Nat. Com. 2. Unwritten The Druids of Gaul held it not lawful to commit their Verses of which they had a great number containing the mysteries of their Discipline to writing Caesar Comment Modern Heathen 1. The Hindoes or Indians call the book of their Law Shestâ—r or the book of their written word which hath been transcribed in all ages ever since the first delivery of it not long after the Creation as they say by thee Bramins out of the which they deliver Precepts unto the people Viz. 1. Thou shalt not kill any living creature c. 2. To observe times of fasting and hours of watching 3. About Festivals c. 4. To take their food moderately c. 5. Help the poor as far as possible 6. Not to tell false Tales 7. Not to steal 8. Not
reading the Lessons Preaching and Prayer either aloud by the Bishop or in common by the Deacons giving notice Ibid. Hymns of the Church Just Mart. Hymns proving the Divinity of Christ Euseb Hymns of Nepos Idem Hymns of St. Ambrose S. Hilary Prudentius generally used Te Deum attributed by Arch-Bishop Vsher to S. Nicclius Bishop of Triers A. D. 535. or of Lyons 567. Gloria Patri used anciently in the Eastern Church Basil in the Gallican Churches at the end of every Psalm Cassian at Rome mostly after the Responsoria Walafr Strab. Singing in Ambrose's time taken into use at Millain and the Western Churches upon occasion of a Persecution under Justina Valentinian's Mother Augustine commends Athanasius his plain distinct singing like reading Mahometan The Mahometans have several ways of praising God viz. by Singing Musick Dancing c. according to the different Sects which are among them but the most pleasant is that of the Dervises with Flutes Drums Dances Vocal-musick reading of the Alcoran and exposition of it Concerning which see afterwards in the Chapter of Saints See more in the Practical Part in the Chap. of Praising God Ancient Heathen Observe 1. The Matter and Contents Callimachas writing a Hymn to the praise of Apollo begins thus None so skilful an Artist as the famous Apollo He 's skill'd in Song and skill'd in Archery A Prophet He and great Physician too He Mortals taught to build Apollo loves Architecture c. Orpheus observes the same method viz. 1. Declaring the Vertues of the Gods 2. Praying that they may be brave and happy and give a blessed end to their Banquets 2. The Form They had three Stanzaes or parts 1. Strophe sung in turning from the East to the West 2. Antistrophe in returning from the West to the East 3. Epode Sung while they stood before the Altar for they used to Dance in this manner whilst they Sung the Hymns about the Altar 3. The time Alway when the Persians Sacrificed a Magus Sung a Hymn The Arabian Priests were bound to spend their time in singing Hymns and rehearsing the Acts of their Gods Rosse N. Plato l. de leg adviseth that whatsoever Hymns or Prayers the Poets composed they should first shew them to the Priests lest they should ask evil things for good Greg. Naz. saith Julian the Apostate in imitation of the Christians did appoint among the Heathens 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a Form of Prayer to be said in parts Modern Heathen Among the Samodies the Priest in his Divine Service doth not Sing but Howl and that so long till he become like a Mad-man and then falls down as if he were dead but riseth again orders five Deer to be Sacrificed and then thrusts a Sword half way into his belly still singing or howling rather c. Rosse Among the Indians Old and Modern dancing to the Idols is accounted part of divine Worship Idem In Goa when they Sow Mow go to Sea and when the Women lye in and when they return from Sea they feast their Idols with Musick and other Solemnities 14 days together Idem In Narsinga their Idol is carried yearly in Procession with Virgins and Musick going before Idem In Florida they worship the Sun and Moon with dances and songs howling feasting and cutting of their Skins Diabolical Profane wanton Songs which vitiate and corrupt the minds of men Chrysostom in Ps 117. calls them 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Delrius in his Magic Disquis makes mention of Multae Jubilationes Saltationes commessationes compotationes et ludi in honorem ipsius praesidentis Beelzebub l. 5. Sec. 16. Mr. Glanvil tells us 1. At going to meeting they go singing Thout tout a tout throughout and about 2. At their Feasting the Devil plays on a Cittern or Pipe 3. At parting the word is A Boy merry meet merry part 4. In their Return they cry Rentum Tormentum Doctor Dee in his Actions with Spirits used frequent Thanksgivings for instance when by the help of one of his Spirits he had found three of his Books which had been burnt the 10th of April before I fell saith he upon my Knees with great thanks-yielding to the God Almighty Act. with Spirits p. 418. 3. Sacrifices Jewish THE Oblations of the Jews according to Purchas his Relations and Theol. Discov of Asia c. were 1. Sacrifices 1. Burnt-Offerings Consumed by the perpetual fire upon the Altar being that which God miraculously sent down from Heaven to consume Aaron's Sacrifice Nadab and Abihu were stricken with a revenging fire from God for using other Vide Lev. 1. 2. Meat-Offerings Made of fine flour without Honey or Leaven and with Oil and Incense on the Altar or Frying-pan or Oven or Caldron Lev. 2. part whereof was sacred to the Lord by fire part for the Priests 3. Peace-Offerings The Fat and Kidneys whereof were to be burnt the Fat and Blood being universally forbidden them to eat the breast and right shoulder was the Priests The rest went to the Sacrificer to be caten the first or second day or the third day burnt with Fire Lev. 3 7. 4. Sin-offerings viz. for sins of Ignorance of the Priest Prince People c. vide Lev. 4 6. 5. Trespass-Offerings viz. in case of contempt when the sin was done willingly Lev. 6. To these were adjoyned Prayers and Praises with musical instruments and voices 6. Offerings of Consecration proper to the Priests vide Lev. 6.10 7. Of Purification as of a Woman after Child-birth Lev. 12. or a Leper Lev. 13 14. or for unclean issues of Men and Women c. 15. 8. Of Expiation on that Feast-day so called Lev. 16. Add to these 1. The Lights 2. Incense every morning and evening on a golden Altar whereto the Priests only had access with such perfume as is prescribed Exod. 30. 2. Gifts 1. According to the Law 1. First-Fruits of Man of Beasts of the Earth 2. Tithes to the Levites to the Priests the Temple a 3d. year's Tenth 2. By Vow 3. Of Free-will Now the Jews content themselves with reading the Precepts concerning Sacrifices comforting themselves with Hos 14.3 Ancient Christian Cyprian severely chides a rich Widow of his time who came to the Sacrament without giving any thing to the poor man's box did partake of others Offerings not giving any thing of her own de Oper. Eleemos Concerning the Oblations of the Primitive Christians we may observe 1. That Bread and Wine was ordinarily Offered every Lord's Day by all the men and Women Carranz in Sum. Dec. Fabia Pa. 2. That the Offerings of them who did not Communicate were not to be accepted Id. Sum. Eliber Conc. c. 28. 3. That none were to receive these Offerings but the Bishop or his Substitute upon pain of being Anathematized Conc. Gangr c. 8. 4. That the Oblations were to be distributed by the Bishop according to the Necessity of the Faithful Carrauz Sum. Decr. Vrban Pap. 12. qu. Res Eccl. 5. That of the Oblations of the
Nature they wash their Hands c. To this end they have commonly near the Mosques Baths for the Gousl and Fountains for the Abdest The manner thus 1. They look toward Mecha and wash the Hands three times 2. The Mouth and Teeth three times 3. The Nose three times 4. The Face three times 5. The Arms to the Elbow 6. The Head rub'd from the Brow to the Poll. 7. The Ears within and without 8. The Feet three times In washing they are to say Bismillah i. e. in the Name of the Great God and praise to God the God of the Mussulman Faith M. de Thevenot Ancient Heathen 1. Men were thus purged after they had touched a dead Body or entred into an unclean Place before admitted to the Altar They sprinkled their Head with a wet Olive or Laurel dipt in Water and Salt and made prayers to the God Spargit ipse suos Lauro rorante Capillos Incipit solita fundere voce preces Ovid. l. 5. Sometimes they used Sulphur and Fire made of Pine-wood to perfume the Person Place or Vessel c. When any sacrificed for his own purgation after a wickedness committed a Pig was slain and his Hands washed in the Blood In these Lustrations they used 1. A Trine Aspersion 2. Looking towards the East 2. Fields of Fruit when purged the Hostia was carried three times about the Field Terque novas circum foelix eat Hostia fruges Virg. l. 6. 3. Sacrifices were washed with Water and Salt Modern Heathen An incredible concourse of People come from all parts of the Indies in Pilgrimage to Chrysobacra in the Province of Halabras to visit the Pagods kept there very carefully but before they approach that place which they look upon to be holy they throw themselves stark naked into the River Ganges to be purified supposing that Adam and Eve were created there M. de Thevenot Trav. l. 3. c. 39. This in order to prepare themselves for some Feasts ibid. In the Province of Telinga the Idolaters use frequent washings Men Women and Children go to the river as soon as they are out of Bed the Rich have water brought to them When Women lose their Husbands they are brought thither by their Friends and they who are brought to Bed use the same custom as soon almost as they are delivered idem When they are come out of the water a Bramen dawbs their Forehead with a composition of Saffron and white Saunders They must never eat unless they be washed The Bannyans wash oft to purifie themselves from sin Sir Tho. Herbert At Tanasseri also sometimes 100000 Indians go naked into Ganges and bowing their Bodies with their Hands throw the water aloft as an offering to the Sun Sir Tho. Herbert Diabolical The Witches at their meetings use to anoint themselves with Oyl which the Devil brings them 5. Teaching Instruction c. Jewish MOSES hath of old such as preach him being read in their Synagogues every Sabbath day Act. 15.26 Esdras appointed that the people should meet three times in the Week to be taught the Law viz. the Sabbath Mondays and Thursdays and three days the rather say some because in the Desart of Sur the people wandred three days without water i. e. say they without the Law Ancient Christian Justin Martyr saith that the word was read and preached for the space of an hour every Sabbath day at one meeting Apolog. Tertullian saith there was not any holy meeting wherein they were not fed with Divine Sermons and if the Pastor were sick or necessarily hindred the Deacon read a Homily Mayer Ch. Cat. 1. The Primitive Christians at their Assemblies read the Scripture St. Clements's Epistle to the Corinthians Hermas's Pastor the Writings of St. Ephrem c. The Quantum Arbitrary according to their opportunity c. 2. Upon the Scripture read before the President of the Assembly with the Presbyters gave expositions and exhortations to the people Then after the Gospel read let the Presbyters one by one exhort the people not all at once and after all the Bishop as is fit for the Master to do Const App. Greg. Nyssen excuseth his brevity because of the discourses made before They had moreover Sermons in the Afternoon Chysostom in a Homily on this very subject 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Hom. 10. ad Pop. Antioch commends them that came to Church after Dinner in greater numbers to hear the Divine Laws St. Basil St. Augustine c. frequently refer to those Sermons which they had preached in the Mornings In Antioch it was usual for a good part of the year to have Sermons every day Chrysost Origen every day and as it were extempore made Sermons to the People Casaubon His Sermons were lively but short seldom exceeding an hour J. H. in the Life of Orig. The Abyssins have neither Preaching nor Hymns but only Liturgies and Homilies and several Portions of Scripture read Ludolph Yet for the younger sort they have Catechizing Idem The Muscovites no not their Monks and Priests cannot give any reason of their belief because they have not the word of God preached unto them And therefore the Patriarch suffers them not to dispute of Religion nor enquire into that of Forreigners D. of Holstein's Emb. Trav. Those who are to profess the Muscovite Religion are sent for six weeks into a Monastery where the Monks Instruct them and teach them their Prayers the manner of Honouring the Saints of doing reverence to the Images and making the signs of the Cross Idem The Protopope of Morum with others were deposed and Banish'd for offering to preach Mahometan Mahometans when they teach publickly hold a drawn Sword in their hand Mutewakelus a Mahomet Emperour Prayed and Preached before the People Muhtadis Billa sate Preaching to the people every Monday and Thursday having a Book always before him Hotting ex Elmas On Friday nine a Clock the Imam preacheth in a pulpit two hours together either declaring the Miracles of Mahomet or exalting the Faith of the Mahomcians or rehearsing fabulous Tales to terrify the bad or inveighing against the Blasphemers of Mahomet Christ and the Saints exhorting to Alms saying over the Commandments of the Law Sa. Purchas Ancient Heathen A great number of youths assemble to the Druids for the Cause of Discipline who are in great honour with them Caes de bel Gal. being moved by such rewards viz. privileges of the Druids and of their own accord many come together into this Discipline and are sent by their Neighbours and Parents there they are said to learn a certain number of Verses Some stay twenty years in the Discipline Idem The Antient Theologues amongst the Egyptians instructed their Scholars in like manner Towerson Modern Heathen In Madagascar I saw one who was certainly their Priest getting up a Tree and speaking to the people for above half an hour but not one of us understanding their Language I know not what discourse he made to them nor yet what
If the Soul had done evil it was adjudged to perpetual Prisons if well it had an easy return to Life by Transmigration That God judges according to the plurality or paucity of Merits or Demerits Seven sorts of Pharisees according to Godw. Jew Antiq. 1. Pharisaus Sichemita 2. Truncatus that upon pretence of Meditation would searce draw his Foot from the ground 3. Impingens that to avoid seeing a Woman would wink and run his head against a wall 4. Quid Debeo facere faciam Luke 18. 5. Mortarius wearing a Hat like a Mortar to look only downward of forward 6. Ex Amore. See the next pag Godw. ibid. 7. Ex Timore See the next pag Godw. ibid. Pharisees their History Pharisees from Phares to divide or Parash to expose to publick view or Parash to Expound They were a crafty and subtil generation of Men and so perverse even to Princes themselves that they would not fear many times openly to Affront and oppose them Dr. Cave out of Joseph Ant. Jud. l. 17. c. 3. Much Affected and Esteem'd of the Populace Id. Therefore Alexander Jannaus when he lay a dying advised his Queen by all means to comply with this fort of men imputing his own miscarriages to the Offences he had given them Id. ex eod Infinitely proud and insolent surly and ill-natur'd hating all mankind but themselves censuring all who were not of their way greatly Zealous to gather Proselytes and then making them not more Religious but more fierce censorious heady two-fold more the Children of Wrath discriminating themselves from the Herd by Long-Robes broad Rhylacteries large Fringes long Prayers frequent Easting domure Looks a whing Tone c. Idem They were an improvement of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 1 Mac. 2.42 Those that voluntarily performed somethings which the Law required not who divided themselves from the rest of the Profane World which did not as they did nay from the Asidei themselves who performed as much as they but did not think themselves or others obliged by Law to do so And therefore were 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Pharisees Separaters from other Men Not an Order settled by Law but only a Sect of which some of all Orders of men were and indeed a prevailing Sect taken up by most of the chief Men of the Nation the Elders in the Sanhedrim and Rulers in the Consistories therefore called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Dr. Hammond Annot. on Luke 14.1 Hillal and Sammai were two chief Masters amongst them of Divers Sects The Jews reckon 7 kind of Pharisees The Essenes were divided into 1. Cloisterers Collegiates 1. Married 2. Continent 2. Eremites solitary Persons The 7 Kinds were 1. Siehemitoe which measured Piety by Honour and Profit as the Sichemites which for the Marriage of Dinab would be Circumcised 2. Nacphi which lifted not their Foot from the ground 3. Kisai draw-blood which would smite their head to the wall to draw blood and shut their Eyes that they might not behold a woman 4. Makehobathi that stood on their own Perfection the word signifies what is my sin 5. Meduchia which went low and stooping 6. The Pharisee of Love which obeyed the Law for Love of Vertue or Reward Abraham's Pha. 7. Of Fear or Job's Pharisee which obeyed for fear of Punishment Essees so called from a word which signifies Rest or Silence Sealiger Essoei qu 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Phil. Jud. Pliny l. 5. c. 17. placeth them on the West of the Dead Sea above 4000 in Number avoiding Riches and Pleasures as sins not Marrying but instructing the Children of others not meddling with War or Merchandise Neither Swearing nor Lying their Society such that one Garment one House one Food Treasury one getting spending one life served to them all Purchas Oyl and Neatness they Shun yet wore always a white Garment they worshipped towards the East given to the Study of Physick ascribing all things to Fate Offering inanimate Sacrifices as Pythagoreans and given much to silence keeping every seventh week a Pentecost careful to preserve the Names of Angels Rosse 3. Samaritans Nazarites Rechabites Samaritans 1. Name and Distinction SO called from Samaria the Countrey where they dwelt and the place where they worshipped for their Temple was on Mount Gerizim Of these were four Sects Dositheans Sebueans Essens Gorthens 2. Original Manasses Brother to Jaddus the High-Priest in Jerusalem being Married to Sanballat the Horouite's Daughter by reason of Nehemiah's charge of putting away their strange wives being forced either to put away his wife or not be Priest got leave of Sanballat to build a Temple on Gerizim a Hill in Samaria whither many Apostate Jews fled together with Manasses their High-Priest 3. Errors 1. They as well as the Sadduces rejected Traditions and other Scripture save the Pentateuch 2. They denied also the Resurrection but held that there was Angels 3. Sacrificed at the Temple on Mount Gerizim 4. Allowed no Commerce with the Jews John 4.9 being Excommunicated in Secreto nomine Tetragrammati by Ezra and Nehemiah so that they should have no part in the resurrection Nazarites 1. Name These were Votaries Numb 6. So called from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to separate 2. Office They separated themselves from 1. Wine Strong-drink c. 2. The Dead 3. The Rasour 3. Distinction Some were Nazarites 1. For Life as Sampson John Baptist c. 2. For 30 days as Absalom Paul Acts 21.24 3. Mystically as Christ Mat. 2.3 Rechabites We have little account of them save only out of S. Scripture Jer. 35.2 3. c. Viz. That they were so called from Rechab their Father that they neither did 1. Drink Wine nor 2. Sow Seed 3. Nor build Houses 4. Nor Plant Vine-yards 5. But lived in Tents all their days like strangers Ossens Ossent are added by Epiphanius which seem to be derived from the Essens but they Worshipped Angels Col. 2.21 And the Sun called thence Sampsaeans one of whose chief Doctors was one Elxai in the time of Trajan who taught Aequivocation forbade Praying to the Eastward detested Sacrifices acknowledged a She-holy Ghost c. Mahometan Sects Turks 1. The Turks pretend that Aboubeker was the lawful Successor of Mahomet Omar Successor of Aboubeker Osman of Osmar Aly of Osman Whom the Persians execrate the Memory of Some reduce the difference of Turks and Persians to these 4 Heads 1. A different Explication of the Alcoran 2. Diversity of Saints 3. Diversity of Miracles 4. Diversity of Mosques and Ceremonies 3. The Turks are called Sunni because they follow also Counsels of Devotion besides the commands of their Law M. de Thev 4. They call to Prayers from the tops of Twoers 5. In praying the Sunni hold their hands one over another upon the stomach 6. Among the Turks for a Christian to dispute with them about matters of Faith is punishable by Death M. de Thev Persians The Religion of the Persians is the same in substance with that of the Turks tho no Nations in the
world hate one another more than they do on the account of Religion they look on one another as Hereticks 1. The Persians hold that Aboubeker Omar and Osman were but so many Usurpers of Aly that Aly was the Lawful Successor of Mahomet and actually succeeded him that Aly was the first of the Twelve Imams whom they much honour and who succeeded one another of whom the last called Mahomet-Nekedy-Sahabzemon i. e. Mr. of the times was snatched out of the hands of those who would have killed him and translated as Enoch and Elias and that he will also come at the Day of Judgment to force the world to embrace the Faith of Mahomet that Jesus Christ shall be his Leutenant and that he will marry This is the great point of difference between the Turks and them M. de Thev 2. They have translated the Alcoran into the Persian Tongue with an Interlineal Translation word for word for Turks and Persians both believe that that book cannot be explained in any other Language but Arabick 3. They think it enough to follow the commands of their Law and therefore call themselves Schiai tho the Persians sometime follow some of the Counsels Idem 4. In Persia they call to Prayers three times a day from Terrasses not Towers viz. at Morn Noon and Sun-set and no oftener on Friday 5. The Schiai hold not their Hands on their Stomachs at Prayer but lay down a little gray stone before them which they always carry about them and every time they Prostrate lay their Fore-heads on that Stone made of the Earth of Keebela where Hussein the Second Son of Aly. was killed 6. Persians will not eat what a Christian hath touch'd nor suffer a Christian to come into their Coffee-houses or Bagnioes accounting them Megdis i. e. impure They break a Pot wherein a Christian hath Drunk They hate Turks no less but dare not tell them so M. de Thev 7. They will suffer Christians to dispute with them about matters of Faith Eastern Christians Greeks Present State 1. THey are Poor 2. Ignorant 3. Oppressed by the Turk to whom they pay every Man 4 Lyon-Dollars i. e. 16 Shillings per Annum Brierwood saith Their Tribute is a fourth part of their Increase and a Sultany 7 s. 6 d. for every Poll and also they are obliged to speak no thing against Mahometanism Formerly their children were decimated and made Janizaries Order of the Patriarchs 1. Patriarch of C. P. 2. of Alexandria 3. of Antioch 4. of Jerusalem When they all meet they kiss each other's hand 1. The Patriarch of Alexandria is over Aegypt Aethiopia Arabia The Indies 2. The Patriarch of Jerusalem is over Palestine 3. The Patriarch of Antioch is over Cilicia Mesopotomia Syria Phoenicia Cyprus The Patriarch of Constantinople is over 73 several Churches according to Mr. Smith Heraclea Thessalonica Athens Lacedemonia Larissa Adrianople Tornobou Johanna Monenbasia Methynna Phanarion Patrus Proconesus And all confirmed by the Grand Seignior Georgians or Iberians 1. Most of them so ignorant they hardly know the Principles of their Religion 2. The Clergy much oppressed by the Nobles Bishops and Priests used as Servants by the Prince and Nobility The Prince's Will is their Law no Judges nor admission of Witnesses The Estates and Persons of the Subjects are at the disposal of the Prince c. The Prince of the Georgians in a Letter to Pope Vrban VIII 1629. saith The Faith hath been kept pure among them since Constantine the Great Also That he allowed a Chapel to the Missionaries of Rome that they might pray for him The Patriarch of Constantinople sends Kaloyrs often into Iberia to encourage them in their Enmity against the Pope F. Avitabolis in a Letter from Goris in Iberia or Georgia 1631. From whence my Author F. Simon hath the following Account c. Sir Tho. Herbert saith No fewer than 40000 of Georgians and Sarcashes inhabited about Spahawn and Schyraz but little better than Captives being forcibly ttansplanted thither Poor Souls saith he hearing that we were Christians they flocked about us and wept to see us Mengrelians 1. They are accounted by Galanus of the same Belief mostly with the Georgians only 2. They live on the Mountains and in the Woods and therefore 3. Are a wilder and wickeder sort of People than the Georgians 4. They inhabit Colchis or Mengrelia which is part of Armenia and therefore much difference is not to be expected between the Mengrelians and Armenians or Georgians Muscovites They agree mostly with the Greeks in Faith Rites and Ceremonies Every House hath its Saint pictured and hung up on the Wall with a little Wax-Candle before it which they light when they say their Prayers The Picture of the V. Mary and S. Nicholas their Patron are in great Veneration amongst them The sign of the Cross is the ordinary Preface to all their Civil Actions They have a Patriarch at Mosco Three Arch-Bishops at Rosthon Sudal and Grand Novograde Bishops at Wologda Resan Sudal T wer Toboleska Astracan Casan Plescou Columna c. All chosen out of the Body of their Monks They force no Man's Conscience hate the Papists Nestorians 1. They are a Sect of the Chaldeans or Syrians 2. They Reverence Nestorius as their Great Patriarch and Invocate him in their Prayers 3. Their present Patriarch to whom they are subject is called the Patriarch of Babylon who hath Jurisdiction over 300000 Families Pet. Stroza de dogm Chald. 1617. 4. Under Pope Julius III. they chose one Simon Jusacha Patriarch who resided at Caramit in Mesopotamia next Abdiesu Metropolitan of Saba who at Rome recanted some Books which he had writ in favour of Nestorianism He was at the Council of Trent Ahacballa a Monk of St. Pachome Denha Simon who left Caramit to reside in Zeinalbech in the uttermost bounds of Persia submitting to the Patriarch of Babylon Simon Elias who sent a flattering submissive Letter to Pope Paul V. upon his request wherein he represents the differences between the Nestorians and Romans only Ceremonial But since they have broken Faith c. Indians of St. Thomas 1. One Sect with the Nestorians 2. Subject to the same Patriarch whose Jurisdiction reacheth as far as India 3. The Chaldeans who live at Goa Cochim Angamala c. all Nestorians 4. The Pope of Rome hath sent many Emissaries to them much violence and many arts have been used especially by Alexis de Meneses made afterward Arch-Bishop of Goa and Patriarch of the East A College was set up at Cangranor 1546. for instructing children in the Ceremonies of the Latines another for the Chaldean Language c. In fine they became Subject to Rome and continue so to this day for ought I can learn Sabeans or Christians of St. John M. de Thevenot giveth account of them about Bassora in the East-Indies but saith They are more Gentiles than Christians One of them who turned Roman Catholick confessing They were partly Jews part Turks part Christians and part Gentiles
not far off for He did not make them and go away Sed ex illo in illo sunt Ibid. l. 4. c. 12. Do not hide from me thy Face Let me dye truly let me dye that I may see it Moriar ne moriar ut eam videam l. 1. c. 5. What art thou to me Have Mercy on me that I may speak What am I to thee that thou shouldest command me to love Thee and if I do it not shouldst be angry with me and threaten me with great miserys Is it not a small thing if I should not love thee Alas for me tell me by thy Mercies O Lord my God what Thou art to me Say unto my Soul I am thy Salvation Speak so that I may hear c. Ibid. Galeacius Caracciola Marquess of Vicum the Pope's Nephew upon his parting with his Friends and Family his Lady and Children weeping and crying and himself going to Geneva as an Exile had these words Let them be accursed that prefer all the pleasures of this World to one Hours Communion with Jesus Christ Anonym Joachimus Curaeus a German Physician in the close of his Life spake thus Come Lord Jesus and let all that love thee say Come and he that loves thee not let him be Anathema Maâ—anatha Thou knowest I love thee with thee I shall be the beginning of this New-year Mel. Adam Affiance in GOD. Jews THE Jews still pray for the re-edifying of the Temple with a still Voice that none can hear in these words Let thy will be before thy Face O God our Lord Lord of our Fathers that the holy House of thy Temple may be restored to our Days and grant us thy Will in thy Law And afterwards rising with great Joy and Clamour they sing a Prayer of Praise in hope thereof and sitting down again they read a long Prayer gathered here and there out of the Psalms and some whole Psalms and part of 1 Chron. 30. And lastly the last words of Obadiah v. 21. The Saviours shall ascend into Mount Zion to judge the Mount of Esau and the Kingdom shall be the Lord's Which they speak in hope of the Destruction of the Christians and their own Restitution they proceed singing And God shall be King over all the Earth in that day God shall be One and his Name One as 't is written in thy Law O God hear Israel God our God is One God And this word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 One in the next Prayer they repeat and resound for half an hour together One One One c. Looking up to Heaven and turning to the four corners of the World Purchas Christians Luther in great spiritual trouble having writ about the Walls and Tables in his Study in great Letters VIVIT He is alive to a Friend dedemanding of him the Reason replied Christ is alive and if he were not I would not desire to live one Hour longer Dr. Bolton in his Serm. Mahometans They look upon themselves as obliged to perform the inward acts of Faith and account all Actions without Faith as sins without any Merit F. Simon They commend nothing so much as Trust in God owning him for their only support Idem Heathens M. Antonius gave God thanks for his Assistance in the Government of his Will The Southern Americans when they go to Wars carry their Gods along with them and ask Counsel of them for all Affairs Rosse Obedience to His Laws Jews IN every Synagogue the Book of the Law is kept within a Chest written on Parchment in great Characters and carried to and fro on two Staves fastened to each end of the Parchment The Book which is the Pentateuch is wrapt in Linnen and covered with Silk Velvet or Tissue The two Staves are called the Trees of Life When the Praecentor brings forth the Book they all sing Num. 10.35 Let God arise and let his Enemies be scattered c. After some Anthems are sung one comes and kisses the Cloaths in which it is wrapt and with a loud Voice blesseth God who hath chosen them before all others and given them a Law Then the chief Singer reads a Chapter and the Book is kissed again after that elevated on high the whole Congregation shouting This is the Law that Moses gave to Israel When the Book is wrapt up again all both Young and Old kiss it touching it only with their two Fingers And while it is carried back again they all sing again Return Lord to the many Thousands of Israel Numb 10.36 Mr. Rosse Obedience to the Divine Laws Muscovites SOme Lutheran Divines in Sweden and Livonia have made it a Problematical Question Whether the Muscovites were Christians or not The Danish Gentleman who published the Embassie he was sent upon into Muscovy from Frederick the Second gives the Muscovites a very true Character in two Lines when he says They are subtile over-reaching humourous self-willed obstinate insolent and impudent regulating their Reason according to their Power that they have shaken hands with all Vertues to run themselves into all manner of Vice D. of H. Ambass Trav. Ceylan A witty Man of Ceylan and a good natural Philosopher called Alegamma Motiar having conversed with the Jesuits and desiring to be a Christian desired to know what Jesus Christ had done and left in Writing and having read over the New Testament with that heed and study that in less than six Months there was hardly a Passage which he could not repeat after which he desired to turn Christian because he found their Religion such as Jesus Christ had taught but only he wondred That they themselves did not follow his Example for that he never yet could find by his reading that Jesus Christ ever took any Mony of any body but that they took all they could get and never Baptized or Buried unless they were well paid but tho he started the Question he was Baptized and became a Sedulous Converter of others Tavernier Part 2. l. 3. c. 3 Love and Reverence to his Name Word c. Jews THe Jews to shew their Zeal for the Law of God wear the Zizith or Fringe which is a square piece of Linnen-cloth or Silk c. with Fringes worn next the Shirt hanging down on the breast or Shoulders c. and account the right wearing of it a keeping of the whole Law and ascribe as many miracles to it as the Papists to the Cowl of S. Francis Women never wear it Dr. Addison They have also scrowls of Parchment Phylacteries Tephillim written with several sentences of the Law and tied on the fore-head and left-arms Idem They have a great veneration for the Law viz. the five Books of Moses never reading it or taking it out of the Chest but on Monday Thursday and Sabbath-day After the Elevation of it and its return from Procession and being put in its coverings all the Males in the Synagogue kiss it in order as the Papists do the Pax. Idem When they kiss it they bless God
there are above 2000 for no Lord but hath his private Chappel nor any Street but hath many of them though most of Wood and very small ones but fifteen foot square D. of Holstein 's Embass Indian Christians The Indian Christians though heir Churches are low and ill furnished yet they are neat and sweetly kept matted and without painted which the Greek Churches abound with They assemble chearfully and at their entring shut their Eyes the better to contemplate the Exercise they come about with their own Unworthiness Kneeling they look towards the Altar near which the Priest is seated him they salute with humble Reverence who returns his Blessing with the uplifting of his Hands and Eyes Sir Thomas Herbert Mexicans In Mexico were thirteen Temples Purchas Mahometans In Fez are 700 Mosquits some garnished with many Pillars and Fountains of Marble each Temple hath a Priest to say Service and look to the Churches Revenue Rosse Tunquinese In Tunquin the great Cities have several Pagods and hardly a Town or Village but hath one and for every Pagod at least two Bonzes and two Says but some Pagods maintain forty Bonzes and as many Says Tavernier's Collect. Pegu. In Pegu they are magnificent in their Pagods having some of beaten Gold in the Varella or Temple of their King there are three of Silver and one of Massy Gold in the shape and proportion of a Man c. Pacquet broke open Vol. 2. Circassia They have one thing remarkable that they never enter their Churches till they resolve to have off Vice that is till after forty years of Age after which time they rob no more Ibid. German Protestants Those of the Palsgrave's Country had each Sunday two Sermons the absent first admonished by the Clergy the next time the Civil Magistrate was called to help Those of Geneva in the Churches of their Cities every Sunday four Sermons Those of Breme three of which one was Catechetical Mr. Hale 's Letter from the Synod of Dort to Sir D. Carleton L. Embass Papists What meant sundry Ancient Councils as the Eleventh of Tolet in Spain yea even of Trent it self to enjoyn frequent Preaching calling for more than any Man almost is able to perform Anonym Catechising Jews COncerning the care which the Jews now take in Catechising their Children see afterwards under the Title of Good Children Christians 8. Clemens praiseth the Corinthians that they took care to admonish their young Men to follow things modest and comely and exhorts them to instruct the Younger to make their Children Partakers of the Discipline of Christ Dr. Cave Constantine's first and greatest care towards his Sons was to secure the Happiness of their Souls by sowing the Seeds of Piety in their Minds which he did partly himself by appointing Religious Tutors for them and when he had taken them into a Partnership of the Government by private Admonitions or by Letters giving them Counsel c. This was always the first and chief Point That they should prefer the Knowledge and Worship of GOD the Great King of the World before all other advantages yea the Empire it self Idem Nazianzen commends his Mother that not only she her self was brought up under a Pious Education but conveyed it down as a necessary Inheritance to her Children Gorgonia being well seasoned with her Instructions and Example for she reclaimed her Husband educated her Children and Nephews in the ways of Religion while she lived and left this as her last Charge and Request when she died Idem The Order of Catechising in the Primitive Times is thus delivered by Mr. Gabriel Towerson c. 1. When any desired to become a Proselyte inquiry was made not only into the Life of the Catechumen but of those who brought him 2. Upon Admonition and a promise of Reformation he was admitted into the Rank of Catechumens by Prayer and Imposition of Hands and so passed over to his Instructor in a private School or Auditory 3. The Catechist entertain'd him with a long Narration of the Story of the Bible from the Creation to the Birth Life Death and Resurrection of our Saviour c. closing with the last Jugment and an Admonition to beware of False Teachers and of being scandalized at the ill Lives of some Christians The Catechist all this while standing though S. Austin would have had it changed into a sitting Posture to prevent weariness 4. After this they were taught particular Points as of Faith c. Then admitted to the Lessons and the Expositions of them in publick and lastly to the Prayers of the Catechumens 5. After two or more Years they gave up their Names and Petitions to be Baptized usually before Easter and then plied with earnest Exhortations to Repentance Fasting and Prayer 6. The Apostles and next the Bishops were Catechists afterwards the Office was devolved on others as Cyprian appointed one Optatus one not of the Clergy Augustine one Deo-gratias a Deacon Demetrius Bishop of Alexandria made Origen at eighteen Years a Catechist of that Famous School In a Synod held at Clovershow or Clyff under Cuthbert Arch-Bishop of Canterbury A. C. 〈◊〉 it was ordained That those Priests who did not as yet understand the Creed and the Lords Prayer should both learn themselves and teach them to others in the English-Tongue Speâ—m Concil p. 242. Can. 10. By Canons given under King Edgar A. C. 967. care was taken That Children should be taught their Pater-noster and Credo by their Parents else when dead not to be buried in Consecrated Ground or thought worthy to receive the Eucharist Ibid. p. 447. Can. 17.22 Much the same thing and in the same words is enjoyned amongst the Ecclesiastick Laws of K. Knute a. 1032. A. C. 1548. Arch-Bishop Cranmer compiled a Catechism dedicates it to the King and in his Epistle complains of the great neglect that had been in former times of Catechising Dr. Burnet's Hist of the Reformation It was the Observation of the Learned'st King that ever sate on the English Throne That the Cause of the Miscarriage of our People into Popery and other Errors was their ungroundedness in the Points of Catechism Therefore his said Late Majesty gave publick Order for bestowing the latter part of the LORD's Day in Familiar Catechism For my part I have spent the greater half of my Life in this station of Holy Service I thank GOD not unpainfully not unprofitably But there is no one thing whereof I repent so much as not to have bestowed more Hours in this Publick Exercise of Catechism in regard whereof I could quarrel with my very Sermons c. Bp. Jos Hall Ep. Ded. to the Old Relig. Geldria One of the Deputies of Geldria to shew the Force of Catechising told That amongst them a Minister who at his first coming to his Living found all his Parishioners Papists so that he must Preach to the Walls c. But by going to their Houses and expounding the Grounds of Religion within a Year he gained them all
Cantons have made Laws that it shall be Capital to any to change their Religion and on a set day every year they go all to Mass and the Masters of Families Swear to continue true to the State and firm in their Religion to their Lives end And so they pretend to punish their falling into Heresie with Death and Confiscation of Goods because 't is a Violation of the Faith which is so solemnly Sworn But on the other hand in the Protestant Cantons such as turn are only obliged to go and live out of the Canton but for their Estates they still preserve them and are permitted to sell them One cannot but observe more of the merciful Spirit of the Gospel in the one than in the other Idem Letter from Zurick Mahometans They give excellent Rules for bridling the Passions and shunning of Vice e. g. If thou wouldest have Hell shut its seven Gates take heed thou Sin not with thy seven Members viz. Eyes Ears Tongue Hand Foot Belly Privities which last they dare not name F. Simon They believe a good Life in all Religions will bring a Man to Paradise which would seem to destroy their Principle of forcing all to their Religion did they not affirm the Musselmen are all in a higher and more excellent Paradise than the best of the rest of the World Anonym Ancient Heathens Socrates at a Pompous Solemnity when a great deal of Gold and Silver was carried along cried out How many things are there which I do not Covet He went commonly bare-footed and his Feet were much hardened His Wife used to observe of him that he commonly went out and returned home with the same Countenance he made no boast of his Learning but nather Ignorance professing himself to know nothing And when injuriously he was cast into Prison he made no Supplication to his Judges and the last day of his Life discoursed much of the Immortality of Souls and with the Poisonous Cup in his hands with which he ended his days spake thus That he was not haled to Death but was ascending up to Heaven The same Socrates to a Man crying out that he should dye if he were not revenged upon him made answer Let me dye if I make not thee my Friend Hierocl Frag. Pegu. The Talapoi in Pegu are not angry at those who change their Opinions to Christianity if their Lives be afterwards Pious and Regular Pacquet broke open Vol. 2. Cathay The Tartars in Cathay oblige none by force to be of their Religion Ibid. Purity Sincerity Jews THe Examples of true Israelites in Sacred Scripture are so obvious to every Christian Reader as well as others that there is no need of Repetition here I shall therefore only tell you what remark is made upon them at this day Tho some idle Jews have used a scandalous compliance with the Rites of other Nations with the Papists turning Papists and joyning themselves to a Crucifix and Rosary as well as to the Zizith and Tephillim yea some have entered with Holy Orders Yet the Barbary Jews will not so much as eat of Meat dressed by one of a different perswasion nor drink in the same Cup after a Christian or Moor till it be washed Dr. Addison And this they do notwithstanding they hold That the Law of Nature is only Obligatory to all mankind and to those who observe this Law they promise the World to come Eternal Life tho reserving to themselves a greater Glory than others Idem Christians It were needless to make instances of Sincerity or Purity in Christians their Holy Lives their resplendent Graces their great and extraordinary Sufferings being an abundant proof thereof even in the Judgments sometimes of their Enemies who by this means have been Converted and brought over not only to a good Opinion of the Persons but the Religion too And tho it must be confessed that all which hath glistered amongst them was not pure Gold yet neither was all paint and dissimulation The Letters in some are too plain and Capital to be misconstrued to Hypocrisy And tho the Infirmities of Nature have sometimes shaded the brightness of their Vertues yet I doubt not but in many the Heart as in the Case of Arch-Bishop Cranmer hath been preserved intire and inviolate Zurick The publick Justice of the City is quick and good and is more commended then the private Justice of those that deal in Trade a want of sincerity is much lamented by those that know the Town Zurick well Dr. Burnet's Letters Rome For one that studies antiquities pictures statues or musick there is more entertainment for him at Rome then in all the rest of Europe but if he hath not a taste of these things he will soon be weary of a place where the Conversation is always general and where there is little sincerity or openness practised and by Consequence where Friendship is little understood Idem Heathens Socrates would say That it was the most compendious way to Glory if every one would take care to Be what they would be thought to Be Cic. Offic. 2. The Bramins hate to touch a Pot or Cup with their Mouth but rather pour their Liquor in at a distance eat nor drink with Men of other Religions use washings much touch no unclean thing Sir Tho. Herb. Trav. into Persia The Persees seldom feed together lest they participate one anothers impurity each hath his own Cup so as if any of his own Caste chance to use it the other washes it three times and forbears it a while after Idem In Mexico and other parts of America they Sacrificed Men sometimes to the Sun and used to open the Breast and pull out the Heart and offer that Principally and then to throw it to the Idol The Inferior Priests in the interim holding the Legs Arms and Head of the Sacrificed wretch whilst his Heart was taking out Idem The Merchants who had a peculiar God and Festival day when they Sacrificed a Man they gave him first for nine days Divine Honour and offered his Heart about Midnight to the Moon as Mistress of the Waters or by way of gratitude for her light Idem The Gaurs drink Wine and eat Swine's Flesh if of their own breeding and feeding but are very careful lest their Hogs eat any Ordure for if they have devour'd any nastiness they are strictly forbid to eat them They never pare their Nails so that if by way of disgrace or any misfortune they are constrained to cut their Nails or Hair they carry that which they cut off to some place appointed without the City for that purpose M. Tavernier l. 4. c. 8. If at any time a Hair fall on their Cloths those Cloths must be washed in Cows-piss Perseverance Jews IT is observed of the Jews That they adhere obstinately to their Religion and very rarely have we any instances of Converts to Christianity which is imputed chiefly to the care they take in the timely Education of their Children When
Study but among the Magistrates and Citizens And if there are not many Men of the first Form of Learning among them yet every one almost here hath a good Tincture of a learned Education insomuch that they are Masters of the Latin Tongue they know the Controversies of Religion and History and are generally Men of good Sense Dr. Burnet's Letters Muscovites A Muscovite may sell his Son and alienate him for his own Advantage but they seldom come to such Extremities and had rather see their Children Starve at home than suffer them to go out any where to Service Sometimes for Debt they make over their Children to their Creditors D. of Holstein's Emb. Travels The first thing the Muscovites teach their Children is to make their Reverences and Inclinations to the Images At Ladoga I lodg'd at a Womans House who would not give his Breakfast to a Child she had who could hardly either stand or speak till he had first made nine Inclinations or Bows to the Saint and as often as well as he could pronounce it said his Gospodi Lord have Mercy upon me Idem Persians The Persians put their Children very young either to Work or to School to learn to Write Read and Cast Account Their Metzid or Mosquits where they say their Prayers serve also for Schools No City but hath as many Metzids as Streets every Street being obliged to maintain a Metzid with a Molla or Professor or Principal and Calife which is the Regent belonging to it Idem They have also Universities Medressa and Professors Mederis at Ispahan Sohiras Ardebil Meschid Tabris Caswin Kom Jescht Schamachie c. with Revenues from such Provinces as pay no Taxes to the King for the teaching of Mathematicks Eloquence Poetry Natural and Moral Philosophy Law and Medicine Idem Chinese The first Lectures they make to Youth are those of Compliments whereof there are whole Books Mandelslo Indians The Bannians accustom their Children betimes to fly Idleness and instead of permitting them to play in the Streets as we generally do they teach them Arithmetick which they are so perfect at that without making use of either Pen and Ink or Counters but only of their Memories they will in a moment cast up the most difficult Account that can be imagined Tavernier Part 2. l. 2. c. 3. Turks The Turks are not much given to Contemplation Learning yet are careful to breed up their Children and to be Instructed for the which there are many Schools where they read their Laws to the end they may serve in their Mosques or be able to Govern the Common-weal Knolles Persians The Persians seldom see their Infants 'till past four Years of Age from which or Twenty they learn to Ride and Shoot also to fair meanly lodge hard watch till the ground and be content with small things Sir Tho. Herbert Heathens Japan In Japan they bring up their Children with extraordinary Indulgence and Mildness never beating and very seldom chiding them considering that they are not yet come to the use of Reason and for this reason their Children at 7 8 or 9 Years of Age have more piercing Wits and are more Searching and Inquisitive and Brisk than our Youth at Seventeen or Eighteen Mandelslo's Trav. p. 157. Siam In Siam the Inheritance is divided equally to the Children except the Eldest who hath some advantage at five or six Years of Age they are put to the Ecclesiasticks to Write and Read and be Instructed in Religion the Parents in the mean time very seldom seeing them afterwards to a Trade or if Ingenious continued in their Studies to fit them for the Priestly Function or some other Employments which among them are bestowed according to Merit not Money Idem p. 104. Tunquin In Tunquin when they put forth a Child to learn Sculpture Painting Goldsmith's Work c. before they let him Work they set him upon an Altar and Sacrifice to the Idol Tiensa which is the Patroness of Handicrafts to the end she may infuse into the Lad Wit and Aptness to learn Tavern Coll. Good Children Jews KIng Josiah Timothy c. Hopeful from their Youth At Five Years old the Children go to School are Five Years learning the Pentateuch at Ten are put to learn the Mischna and some choice Parcels of the Talmud at Thirteen they receive the Passeover and are purified and now are answerable for their own Faults And at this Age by way of Question and Answer there are no Youth under Heaven can give so good account of their Religion as the Jewish Dr. Addison They are usually girt as soon as their Bodies will endure it and never go ungirt to the Synagogue ungirt unblest Idem Christians Origen when a Child was mightily inquisitive into the recondite meaning of the Scriptures even tiring his Parents with asking Religious Questions comforting his Father in Prison with Letters and hardly forbearing to offer himself to Martyrdom Dr. Cave Mr. Tho. Cartwright in his younger Years hath risen many times in the Night to seek out places to pray in Clark's Lives Mr. Arthur Hildersam of Papist-Parents was converted by Mr. Desborow his School-Master and fitted for Cambridge by thirteen Years of Age. Idem Mr. Rich. Sedgwick when a School-boy living with an Uncle when the rest of the Family were at their Games and Dancings he would be in a Corner mourning his Uncle at first imputed it to Bookishness and rebuked him for it but at last perceiving the Truth of the thing began to hate him cast him out of his Family saying A Puritan should never inherit his Land Idem Mr. Julines Hering born in Montgomery educated first in Shropshire next removed to Coventry when at School was noted for his diligence in reading the Scriptures On Play-days he with two or three more School-Fellows would pray together repeat the Heads of their Catechism with the Sermons which they heard last Lord's Day Idem Mr. Herbert Palmer esteem'd Sanctified even from the Womb at the Age of four or five Years he would cry to go to his Lady-Mother Sir Tho. Palmer being his Father that he might hear somewhat of GOD. When a Child little more than five Years old he wept in reading the Story of Joseph and took much pleasure in learning Chapters by heart He learned the French-Tongue almost so soon as he could speak He often affirmed That he never remembred the Learning of it By his Discourse he could hardly be distinguish'd from a Native French-man When at the Latine-School at vacant hours when others were at play he was constantly observed to be reading studiously by himself Dr. W. Gouge at School continually studious even at Play-hours was even then conscionable in secret Prayer and Sanctifying the Sabbath much grieved at the Sports and Pastimes used too licenciously on that day Mr. Tho. Gattaker often chid by his Father from his Book Mr. Jer. Whitaker when a School-Boy would frequently go in company 8 or 10 Miles to hear a Warming-Sermon and took Sermon-Notes
the Messengers but a dismal Spectacle Origen chose rather to commit Idolatry than Fornication though that too was his Enemy's Act rather than his own they hailing him up to the Altar and thrusting the Frankincense into his hand Dr. Cave 6. They accounted Uncleanness an heinous sin and amongst all the sins that were punished sharply in the Ancient Church Adultery was one of the chief Marcion being found guilty of lying with a Virgin and therefore thrown out of the Church betook himself to one Cerdon a Master-Heretick and espoused his Doctrines The Punishment for Adultery was perpetual Penance all a Man's Life and scarce admission to Communion at the Hour of Death 'till Pope Zephyrianus A. C. 216. ordered the Penance for a shorter space of time which offended the Afric Churches Tertullian inveighs bitterly against it as a thing unfit in it self and an Innovation in the Church The Council of Ancyra A. 315. set Adultery at 7 Years Penance Can. 20. The Council of Illiberis decreed for the second Fault perpetual penance not to be absolved at Death S. Basil in his Rules of Discipline for Amphilochius sets Fornication at 7 Years Penance Adultery at 15. His Brother Gregory Bishop of Nyssa sets Fornication at 9 Years Penance Adultery and all other kinds of Uncleanness at 18 yet giving liberty to Spiritual Guides to contract c. Justin M. gives an instance of a Woman that had lived lewdly with her Husband but Repenting and Reforming became strictly chaste and sober and would have persuaded her Husband to do the like but he obstinately refusing it begat a quarrel and that quarrel at last became the Matter of publick cognisance and was an occasion for Justin Martyr to write that excellent Apology for the Christians Apol. p. 41. Theodosius provided by a Law That no Woman should marry within a Year at least after her Husband's death and ratified it by a double Penalty Note of Infamy and loss of Dowry and whatever her Husband had bequeath'd to her Muscovites The postures of the Muscovites in Dancing and the insolence of their Women are infallible marks of their bad inclinations We have seen at Moscou both Men and Women come out of the publick Brothel-Houses stark naked and incite some young People of our Retinue to naughtiness by their filthy and lascivious expressions D. of H. Ambass Trav. p. 60. Yet Adultery is look'd upon as a Sin unpardonable A Polander turning Greek to marry a Muscovite Beauty being forced to take a Journey into Poland his Lady in his absence made a shift to be otherwise supplied and had a Child but fearing her Husband's displeasure retired into a Monastery and was shaved Her Husband would fain have got her out again and pardon'd the offence but it would not be permitted it being according to their Theology a Sin against the Holy Ghost not to be pardon'd in this nor the other World Ibid. Mahometans The Law of Mahomet allows four Wives to any and as many Concubines as they please The Great Mogul is said to have four Wives and a thousand Concubines yet had but six Children yet the Mahometan-Priests and some others content themselves with one Sultan Coob-Surroo one of the Mogul's Sons a Prince of a lovely Presence had but one which accompanied him in all his straits for in his younger Years he had been tempted to Rebellion Anon. The Turks in their Bagnio's separate Men from Women The strict Votaries of that Religion marry not at all 'T is observed those Mahometans who have most Concubines and Wives are most jealous and will not suffer their Wive's Brothers or Fathers to come to them except in their presence Honest Women of reputed Chastity will not at any time be seen but by their Husbands but if they are found Incontinent their own Brother's Hands shall be first against them to take away their Lives rather than they shall not be punished In Indolstan is notwithstanding a free Toleration for Whores who are inrolled before they can have liberty to keep such a House Some of them appear before the Mogul singing wanton Songs playing on Timbrals c. Heathens The Hindoes take but one Wife and are not jealous as the Mahometans who have many suffering their Wives to go whither they please Their Widows cut their Hair and live as Creatures neglected by themselves and others some are ambitious to dye with honour in their Husband's Funeral pile and she that is thus resolved never starts back but goes singing to her Death and altho ' not bound yet never offers to stir out of the Flames The Persees in Indostan have but one Wife who likewise is permitted to go abroad The Mogul one day found one of his Eunuchs kissing one of his Women Put her in a hole in the Ground up to her Head there she died in torment parch'd with the Sun after she had lain a Day and a Night crying out Ah! my Head c. The Eunuch in the same place in her sight was cut in pieces The Women of Deyly are handsome and the Gentiles very chaste insomuch that if the Mahometan Women did not by their wantonness dishonour the rest the Chastity of the Indians might be proposed as an Example to the Women of the East M. de Thevenot Trav. l. 3. c. 25. The Persian Women when they go abroad veil their Faces Sir Th. Herb. The Persees severely punish Adultery and Fornication Mandelslo's Travels Haron Wathic Billak a Turkish Chalif kill'd himself with immoderate Venery Hottinger Armenians One Mariage a Deputy from the King and French Company for Trade with Persia at Zulpha by the means of an old Woman Mother of one of his Lacqueys having debauch'd an Armenian Girl whom he kept privately to himself so soon as it was noised abroad all the Armenians were scandaliz'd at it and sent to seize the Bawd to punish her by their Laws as she deserv'd Mariage fled out of his Lodgings to her Assistance but seeing the People in an Uproar and finding the Stones to fly too thick about his Ears he was forc'd to seek his own safety was threatened by the Armenians to be complained of to the King of France and ever after lookt upon with Scorn and Contempt Tavernier's Collection of several Relations c. p. 36. Japonites In Japon Adultery is only punished in the Women Deflouring and Ravishing of Virgins in the Persons of the Criminals and the next of Kin too Idem p. 4. Here the Women live retir'd and are very faithful to their Husbands Ibid. p. 4. The Emperor having put to death one of the Lords of his Court out of hopes to enjoy his Wife she fearing Violence besought the Emperor to give her time to consider which was granted for some few days at the end whereof she shut her self up in a Room with her Children and after she had delivered a Paper to one of her Servants to carry to the Emperor she set the Chamber on fire and burnt both her self and her Children
Halters and Precipices enough to end your Lives with but you must come hither for an Execution Arrius Antonius Proconsul of Asia to the People c. Ignatius Oh! that I might come to those wild Beasts c. Origon when a youth could hardly be restrained from running into danger 3. They gave thanks to their Enemies for Condemning them A Christian takes it as a favour to dye for so good a cause Tertull. As for us they our Persecutors do us no harm Death doth but the sooner send us to God Clem. Alex. When Lucius one of the primitive Martyrs for speaking for one of the Christians that he had very hard measure was Condemned forthwith he heartily thanked his Judg for it that by this means he should be delivered from such unrighteous Governors and be sooner sent home to his Heavenly Father Just M. 4. They bore up with quietness and composure By reason of our strange and wonderful Courage and Strength new Additions are made to us for when the People see Men with infinite variety of Torments torn in pieces and yet maintain a Patience unconquerable and able to live out his Tormentors what the truth is that the consent of so many and the perseverance of dying persons cannot be in vain Nor that Patience it self were it not from God could hold out under such Racks and Tortures Thieves and men of a Robust Body are not able to bear such tearing in pieces they groan and cry out and are overcome with Pain because not endued with a Divine Patience But our very Children and Women to say nothing of our Men do with silence Conquer their Torments nor can the hottest fire force the least groan from them Lactan. By the force of such Arguments Justin Martyr turned Christian from being a Platonick Philosopher Ap. 1. p. 50. I thought saith he with my self that it was impossible such persons should wallow in Vice and Luxury c. Hence Porphyry calls the Christian Religion 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Heathen in Min. Felix stiles the Christians men of an undone furious and desperate Party M. Fel. p. 7. M. Antoninus Emperor imputes this Courage to meer Stuborness l. 11. s. 3. Staupitius told Luther concerning his Behaviour that the first three years he did all things according to the utmost Rigor and that would not do The next three he did all according to the Laws and Councels of the Antients and that would not hit In the last three years he did all according to the Will of God and yet neither would that succeed and then he was fain to be content with what he could have Clar. in vit Capell Japon In Japon there have been Children from ten years old to a dozen who for sixty days together have endured to have their Bodies fastened to the Cross half Burnt half torn in pieces while the Executioners forced them to Eat on purpose to prolong their Lives in Misery and yet they would not renounce the Christian Faith which they had embraced Tavern Collect. c. p. 10. Domestick Worship Jews THey account themselves bound to say an hundred Benedictions of which see the particulars in the Chapter of Praying to God every day Christians Gaspar Colinius Admiral of France used to rise very early and then putting on his Night-gown and calling his Servants about him went to Prayer with them then he set time apart to hear the Deputies of the Churches and other businesses Each other day in the fore-noon he had a Sermon Preach'd before him after which he returned to his business till Dinner which being ready his Servants came in and there the Admiral standing by the Table and his Wife by his side one of David's Psalms was Sung and a Blessing craved upon the Meat which Course he did not only observe at his own House but every day in his Camp without intermission when the Cloth was taken away he presently rose and standing with his Wife by him either himself or Chaplain return'd thanks At Supper time the like was done both with Prayers and Psalms And because he found it hard to get his Servants together at Bed-time because of their various Employments he caused them all to come in presently after Supper where after a Psalm he went to Prayer with them Sam. Clark Bishop Ridley when at the Mannor of Fullham read daily a Lecture to his Family at the Common-Prayer beginning at the Acts of the Apostles and so going through the Epistles of S. Paul Giving to every Man that could read a New Testament hiring them besides with Mony to learn by Heart certain Principal Chapters but especially Acts 13. And often he read Psalm 101. Fox Martyrol Ere I can have sate at my Study to weariness my Family having now overcome all Houshold Distractions invites me to our Common Devotions not without some short preparation Dr. Jos Hall concerning himself Ancient Romans The Games called Ludi Compitales were Instituted among the Romans in honour of their Lares or Houshold Gods Galtruch Gilolo and Amboina The do no work but first they consult the Devil and are of opinion That no ill comes from any other Being and therefore that they ought to prevent it by Sacrifice to him which they are very observant of even in their Houses Paquet broke open vol. 2. Banda Banda is Mahometan and the People there are so Religious that they never do any thing till they have Prayed in the Morning Ibid. Formosa In Formosa each House hath its Oratory where all that is there spent is Offered to the Gods by the Women of the House Ibid. Iucatan In Iucatan they had in their Houses Images made like Bears which they Worshipp'd as their Houshold Gods with Singing and Incense Rosse Goa In Goa most of the Gentiles heads of Families dress their own Victuals themselves first they sweep the House then draw a Circle and confine themselves in it suffering none to enter for then all would be Profaned and the Cook would throw away what he had dressed the Victuals are divided into 3 parts the first for the Poor the second for the Cow of the House the third for the Family Thevenot In Goa they Pray to the first thing they meet with in a Morning tho a Goose or Ass and all day long they Pray to it Rosse Antient Tartars They Worshipp'd the Sun Stars Fire Earth and Water to whom they Offered the First-Fruits of their Meat and Drink every Morning before they eat and Drink themselves Rosse So do the Tartars of Cathay now Peguians In Pegu they feed the Devil every Morning with Baskets of Rice that he may not hurt them that Day Idem Indian Heathens In Fermosa every house hath a particular place appointed for the Devotions of the Family where they invocate the Gods and where the Women make their offerings of what is spent every day in the house But in case of Sickness or other misfortune they call the Inibs to do that Service Mandelslo's Travels p.
Colleges Schools c. Jews THE Jews have had many Colleges not go speak of those mentioned in Scripture Naioth and Gibeah Bethel and Jericho since the destruction of Jerusalem their most famous have been Jabne or Jafne three Miles from Joppa Tiberias or Tzephorias Soran and Pumbedith Hottinger Persians There are many Mandresaes Colleges all over Persia D. of Holstein's Embass Trav. into Musc Tartary c. p. 159. The Persians in their Colleges observe this way the Student Reads two or three lines and the Doctor Expounds them then another Reads two or three more and rises up till the Doctor hath expounded them and bids him sit down again Their Books are mostly the Works of Kadgia Nesir some of Aristotle the Almagestes of Ptolomy which they call Magesti some of Euclide some of Archimedes the Opticks of Ebne Heister Galen Galenous they call him Averroes Abonalt or great Father Hermes Trismegistus Ormous Their chief Historian is Ronze el Zapha who wrote a Chronology from the Creation very Fabulously saying the World was Inhabited by Devils before the Creation c. Taver l. 5. c. 11. The Persians call their Colleges Medrese where there are a great number of Schollars bred up at little Charge out of the Legacies left to the Foundations They allow them a Chamber without Furniture themselves providing a Coverlet and Mattress for themselves They have no certain Masters but sometimes learn of one sometime of another seldom of the Monderes Principal who is generally the greatest Block-head of them all But there are several others in every good Town that Teach the Sciences to purchase Honour to themselves who are therefore liberal to get many Schollars to publish the Wisdom of their Akroom or Doctor Tavern l. 5. Mahometans There are two stately Colleges in Fez for Professors in Diverse Sciences Rosse Also 200 Grammar Schools About the Walls of their Mosquits are diverse Pulpits for their Readers who begin their Lectures shortly after break of day in the Summer They read after Sun-set Mahomet's Law and Moral Philosophy are read To the winter Lectures large Revenues are allowed Books and Candles Rosse Heathens In New Spain they had Schools and Seminaries Idem and Purchas c. Mahometans Near Belgrade the Grand Visier hath Built a Metreseck or College for Students I saw a Student Habited in Green and wearing a Turbant with four Corners which is a peculiar distinction Dr. Brown's Travels Idolatrous Indians The Bramins have a kind of University in a City which is called Benarez where they make all their Exercises in Astrology and where they have Doctors that Expound their Law which they very strictly observe But in regard they are so great a Number and cannot all come to Study at that University they are all very ignorant and consequently very Superstitious Those that go for the most refined Wits being the greatest Sorcerers Tavernier l. 3. c. 3. Tunquin The Tunquinese have a very great inclination for Learning and apply themselves to their Studies with diligence and success for that they cannot be advanced without it to the Offices and Dignities in the Kingdom by Learning I mean the Knowledg of the Laws of their Countrey Mathematicks Astronomy to which all the Orientials have a great Inclination Musick and Poetry Comedy and Tragedy To obtain Nobility in your Youth by Learning you must pass through three degrees of the Syude by close studying eight years and a rigorous Examination and this qualifies for the Office of a Notary Proctor c. The Doucan by studying Musick Astrology and Poesy five years The Tansi by spending four years more in Learning the Chinese Character to such a number of Words The last Examination is made in the great place within the enclosure of the Palace of Tunquin which is a stately Marble structure There the King is present Princes and great Lords of the Court the Manderim for Learning and all the Tansies and many also from distant Provinces come to the Solemnity Some have asserted extravagantly that sometimes there are 30 or 40000 Students present at this Examination but I cannot learn that the number ever exceeds 3000. Eight days are spent in Examination which is performed upon nine Scaffolds built like an Amphitheatre The eight days being passed they all appear again upon the same Scaffolds where in the View of all the World they who faultered in their Examinations are dismissed as unworthy of any Employment the rest are honoured with a Vest of Violet Satin which they presently put on and then take upon them the name of Tansies Then they have given them a list of the Towns and Villages where they are to receive the Rents which the King allows them some more some less To which places when they come the Inhabitants meet them with all sorts of Musick and a guilded Branquar carried by eight men where they divert themselves for three Months and then return to Court to Instruct themselves in the Affairs of the Kingdom and King's House and fit themselves for the Dâ—â—â—nity of a Mandarin Tavernier 's Collect of several Relat. Saracens About the year 1000 the Saracens had a famous Academy at Babylon wherein the Sorences especially Astrology and Physick were I aught Hotting Christians Under Valentinian the Emperor Students were not permitted to stay after 20 years of age lest the Splendor and Vanities of the City should tempt them to forsake the Service of their Countrey Five or six years time was allowed them there and no more Antiq. of the Brittish Churches Cardinal Pool Arch bishop Granmer and since them Dr. Marshal of Lincoln College in Oxon. were of Opinion that they who are designed for the Clergy should be Educated from their Infancy in the Cathedrals or with some Pious and Learned Divines and so inured to a good Life I wish our Universities were not detective in that point of Education which Ladies call Breeding and Accomplishment a Fault incident to all Schools of I earning yea Athens it self Plutarcho Taste the longer they stayed there the greater Clowns they proved Auth. of the Educ of Young Gentlemen Halor and Schalholt Bishops Sees with Petty Schools in Iseland Dr. Heylin Premonitions of Death Jews THE most remarkable Instances of this kind among the Jews we find in sacred Scripture first in the case of Aaron's Death which is foretold to Moses Numb 20.24 Next in the case of Moses which was revealed by God to himself Num. 27.12 13. and thirdly of Elijah's discovered before-hand to the Prophets both of Bethel and Jericho 2 Kin. 3.3 5. c. I say nothing of the Communication of God made of his recret Purposes concerning the Judgments he had decreed against Offenders as the drowning of the old World the Destruction of Sodom c. the drownning of the Egyptians the punishment of the Israelites by War Plague Famine the Earth swallowing up Corah Dathan and Abiram c. nor lastly the Death of our blessed Saviour presignified by Types Prophecy and Christ's own
Crey-fish Rats Mice and above all Cats and Kill them which they reckon in the number of those good Works that Comfort the Souls of the Deceased believing that the Devil makes use of these Creatures to Torment the Damned ibid. Tunquin The Tunquinese generally believe a Transmigration of Souls especially the followers of Chacabout and say that they who endeavour to fulfil the Law but fail in any point shall wander in diverse Bodies for 3000 years before they enter into Happiness that they who have perfectly obeyed the Law shall be rewarded without any change of their Bodies that Chacabout himself had been Born ten times before he enjoyed the Bliss which he possessed not having in his first Youth been Illuminated with that Knowledg which he afterwards attained Tavernier's Collect. Bramins They believe Heaven and Hell but say that none shal enter before the Universal Judgment But they believe also the Metempsychosis Here follows a Geographical Map shewing in what part of the World Each Religion is practised EUROPE Christian Mahomet Idolatry Heathen Christian Mahom. Heathen Idolatry AFRICA Heathen Mahomet Idolatry Christianity Heathenism and a few Christrians A Table shewing the particular Kingdoms and Countries where each Religion is practised Christianity 1. WHolly 1. In Europe 1. In Great Britain and Ireland 2. France Spain Portugal Holland 3. Germany Swedeland Denmark 4. Poland Russia c. 2. Asia 1. Russia except between Pahora and Ob and some parts of Peruvia which are Idolaters 2. Circassia and Mengrelia along Meotis on the Euxin Sea from Tanais Eastward to the River Phasis 3. Georgia a Province 4. M. Libanus in Syria yet under the Turk 3. Africa No where wholly except Abissinia 2. Mixt. 1. In Europe In all the Turkish Dominions betwixt Danube and the Sea in compass 2300 Miles i. e. From Buda West Ragusa East to the North of Europe and the Isles of the Aegean Sea Conditions of their Toleration are 1. A 4th part of their Encrease For Tribute 2. A Sultany for every Poll. For Tribute 3. Speaking nothing against Mahomet For Tribute 2. In Asia mixt with 1. Mahometans in 1. Natolia Armenia 2. Syria Mesopotamia 2. Idolaters 1. In the South of India 1. Contau 2. Cranganor 3. Choromandel 2. In the Philippin Isles 3. Ormus the Bay of Persia 4. Ceilan Japonia 3. In Africa 1. In Abassia a Countrey as big as Germany France Spain and Italy 2. in Egypt about 50000 with Mahometans 3. In Congo Angala with Idolaters 4. In Tangier and Septa near the Straits a few 5. In the Isles of Madera Canaries Cape de Verde S. Thomas 4. In America 1. New-England 2. Virginia c. Mahometism 1. In Europe In all the Region betwixt Tanais and Boristhenes along Mâ—otis and the Euxine Sea tho with a Toleration of Christians viz. In Constantinople 20 Christian Churches In Thessalonica 30 and but 3 Mosques 2. In Asia In Natolia Syria Armenia Mesopotamia c. 3. In Africa In Egypt Abassia Tangier c. Heathenism 1. In Erope In Lapland viz. 1. Lappia 900 Miles Circumf 2. Scricfinia 900 Miles Circumf 3. Biarmia 900 Miles Circumf 4. Corelia 900 Miles Circumf 5. North of Finmarck 900 Miles Circumf 2. Asia Part of Russia between Pechora and Ob. The East-Indies 3. Africa Congo and Angala 4. America Almost wholly 1. Christians Possess a sixth part of the earth 2. Mahometans Possess a fifth part of the earth 3. Idolaters Possess 2 thirds or near it of the earth Or thus Divide the World into 30 Parts The Christians have 5 Mahometans 6 Idolaters 19 Christians are to Heathens but as one to six Brierw Enqu Lutheranism In Germany Denmark Swedeland Britain Poland Hungary in part c. Calvinism In Geneva Bern Zurich Basil Schaffawsen Glaris and Spenzel and the Vpper Palatinate in part Poland Britain France and Hungary in part c. Popery In Italy Spain Portugal Flanders France Poland Hungary in part c. Greek Religion In Bulgaria Greece Dacia Sclavonia part of Poland all the Isles of the Adriatic Jonian and Aegean Seas all Asia Minor except Cilicia and Isaurus and the Countries lying about the Euxine Sea and Palus Maeotis Muscovites In Russia c. Abassines In Ethiopia Superior Circassians In Tartaria Deserta viz. from the Cimerian Bosphorus and the Fens of Maotis towards the East Shores of the Euxine Sea for the space of 500 miles and reaching 200 miles North. Mengrelians in Cholchis in Turcomania Georgians in Iberia in Turky likewise Armenians in Turky and Armeniaminor and Cilicia Copties in Aegypt about 50000 in number when last counted Maronites on Mount Libanus i. e. from Sidon in Phoenicia to Smyrna in Coelo-Syria 700 miles in compass Melchites are subject to the Church of Antioch the greatest sort of Christians in all the East Jacobites in Syria and Mesopotamia about 40000 Families Christians of S. John very numerous at Balsara and the Villages thereabouts at Souter Despoul Rumez Bitoum Mono Endecan Calafabat Aveza Dega Dorech Masquel Gumar c. In all which places are above 25000 Families Every City or Village they Inhabit hath a River running by it M. Tavernier l. 2. c. 8. p. 90. I could not but take notice how these Eastern Parts of Europe abounded with Christians of the Greek Church beyond my expectations c. in Graecia Turkish parts of Dalmatia Croatia Rascia Bosnia Servia Thracia c. Dr. Brown The Mother-Tongues of Europe c. 1. GReek used now 1. In Greece Except Epirus and the W. of Macedon 2. In the Isles of the Aegaean Sea 3. Candy and the Isles 1. Eastward to Cyprus 2. Westward to Corfu 2. Latin 3. Irish in Ireland and Scotland 4. Brittish in Wales Cornwall and Brittain of France 5. Cantabrian in France and Spain near the Ocean and the Pyrene-hills 6. Arabick in the steep mountains of Granata Alpaxarras 7. Finnick in Finland and Lapland 8. Dutch in Germany Low Countr. Denm Swedel Norw 9. Cauchian in East Frisland 10. Slavonish in Poland Bohemia Moscovy Russia c. 11. Illyrian in the Isle of Veggia on the East of Istria 12. Epirotick in the mountain of Epirus 13. Hungarian in the greatest part of Hungary 14. Jazygian in the North of Hungary 15. Tartarian Amongst the Precopenses between Tanais and Boristhenes Brierwood Enq. As for the other parts of the world it is impossible to enumerate all the several languages Clemens Alexandrinus believed there were 70 sorts Pliny tells a strange thing that when Dioscurias a City of the Colchi flourish'd by relation of Timosthenes it held 300 Nations of different languages and that afterwards the Romans were forced to make use of a 130 interpreters to manage their affairs in the same place And besides all the Nations of the world are not yet known for if it be true what I have been told by several mariners that upon the Coast of Africa the languages vary at every 15 or 20 German Miles distance it will follow that one quarter of the World contains more languages
Womb 70 years without losing her Virginity he exhorted the Grandees to build Hospitals in all Cities Agreeing much with Chacabout in Doctrine Taver Mahometans I Believe 1. That there is but one God and that there is no number in him 2. That Mahomet is the Messenger of God the most excellent and last of all the Prophets That the Christian Religion was to Cease at his Appearance 3. That Jesus Christ was a great Prophet Inspired by the Spirit of God 4. That God is a Being of great Perfection 5. Angels are Executioners of God's Commands without Sex different in Dignity and appointed to several Offices as well in Heaven as Earth 6. Good and Evil only happen because God hath Fore-ordain'd them having writ on a Table from all Eternity things that are and are to be 7. There shall be a general Resurrection of the Dead But before that 1. Anti Mahomet must come 2. Jesus shall come from Heaven to Kill him and Establish Mahometanism 3. Gog and Magog c. 4. A Beast is to come out of Meccha 5. All Living Creatures shall Die Hills fly into the Air the Heavens melt and drop upon the Earth Then shall God renew the Earth and raise the Dead naked but Saints and Prophets clothed and carried by Angels to the Empyrean Heavens 8. The Bad shall suffer Hunger Thirst painful Sweating c. 9. The Pains of the Wicked shall be proportioned to their Merits but shall not last above 50000 years 10. That at the day of Judgment S. Michael with be a Ballance shall weigh the good and bad Actions of Men. 11. They whose good Deeds out-weigh their Bad shall go to Paradise 12. There is a particular Judgment at Death to distinguish the Mussulman from Unbelievers F. Simon out of a Mahometan Dr. Ancient Heathen I Believe in one Supreme God who presides over all the rest who seeth and Governs all things in all places And in as many more Inferior Gods as our Magistrates and Laws shall require us to believe in That the Law of Nature and Reason is the ordinary Rule of our Manners And the Laws of the Nation Of our Religigious Worship That our Souls are Immortal and shall survive our Bodies That they who have defiled themselves with Vice their Souls at Death shall be secluded from the Society of the Gods and be tossed about the Earth but they who have lived well and honestly and have imitated the Lives of the Gods the Souls of these Men shall go to the Stars or Gods from whence at first they came This is extracted especially out of Cicero and Somn. Scip. Diabolical Their Creed is nothing but a Reverse of the Orthodox Faith an open Profession or secret Practice contrary to the Truth which must needs be so pregnant with Blasphemy that it will not be safe to exhibit a Copy of it to common View The Bannyans I Believe that a God of Immense Power Eternal and Provident in the beginning Created the whole World that he made the first Man by Name Pourous and for his Society Created the first Woman Parconty both so innocent that they would not cut any thing that had a Sensitive Life but fed upon Herbs and Fruits that from them sprung two couple of Boys Bramon Cuttery Shuddery and Wise the first a Priest the second a Warrior the third a Merchant the forth a Peasant which Peopled the four Parts of the World but upon their Impiety the World was Destroyed by a Deluge That afterwards upon Mount Meropurbatea God gave the Shaster to Bremaw in Clouds and Lightning for a rule of Living Mr. Hobbes's I Believe that God is Almighty matter that in him are three Persons he having been thrice represented on Earth that it is to be decided by the Civil Power whether he Created All things else That Angels are not Incorporeal Substances but preternatural Impressions on the Brain of Man that the Soul of Man is the Temperament of his Body that the very Liberty of Will in that Soul is Physically necessary that the Prime Law of Nature in the Soul of Man is Self-Love that the Law of the Civil Soveraign is the only obliging Rule of Just and Unjust that the Books of the Old and New Testament are not made Canon and Law but by the Civil Powers that what is written in these Books may be denied upon Oath in times of Persecution That Hell is a tolerable condition of Life for a few years upon Earth to begin at the general Resurrection and that Heaven is a blessed Estate of good Men like that of Adam before his Fall beginning at the general Resurrection to be from thence-forth Eternal upon Earth in the Holy Land Dr. Tenison Precepts or Commands Mahometan THeir Law is divided into eight Precepts or Commandments 1. There is but one God and his Prophet Mahomet 2. Children must be Dutiful to their Parents 3. Neighbours must Love each other 4. They must Pray five times every day 5. A Lent of thirty days is to be kept every year 6. They must be Charitable and give Alms to the Poor 7. Every one must Marry by twenty five years of Age. 8. They must abstain from Murder Pacquet broke open vol. 2. F. Simon makes Five Articles thus 1. There is one God 2. Mahomet is his Messenger 3. They must be exact in Prayers and Alms-deeds 4. And in the Fast of Ramazan 5. And in their Pilgrimage to Mecha Bannyans Their Moral Law hath eight Commandments most of which agree with the Seven which R. Solomon saith Noah taught the World in his time called Noah-Cady 1. Thou shalt not destroy any living Creature for thou and it are both my Creatures 2. Thou shalt not sin in thy five Senses Eyes not beholding Vanity Ears stopt in hearing Evil Tongue uttering no Filthiness Pallat hating Wine Flesh and all live things Hands abhoring all things defiled 3. Thou shalt duly observe set times of Devotion as Praying Washing Elevation Prostration c. 4. Thou shalt not Lie nor Dissemble 5. Thou shalt not be hard-hearted but helpful to others 6. Thou shalt not Oppress nor Tyrannize 7. Thou shalt observe certain Festivals and Fasting days 8. Thou shalt not Steal Sir Tho. Herb. Trav. into Persia out of their Shaster Persees 1. For Behedens or Lay-men 1. Cherish Modesty 2. Cherish Fear 3. Premeditate what you are to do if bad reject it if good c. 4. Let every day's object move to thankfulness 5. Pray daily to the Sun and nightly to the Moon 2. For the Herboods Daroos or Priests Besides those of the Beheden which they are to observe 1. Be constant to the form of Worship in the Zundavastaw 2. Covet not what is another man's 3. Abhor Lies 4. Be not worldly minded 5. Learn the Zundavastaw by rote 6. Keep your selves free from Pollution 7. Teach the Laity how to Comport themselves in Adoration 8. License Matrimony 9. Be frequent at Church 10. Forgive Injuries 11. Upon pain of Life Eternal
of Moses  Samarites all but the Law and Prophets  Nicolaitans Anabapt Psalms  Some Rabbins Anabapt Job  Porphyry rejected Daniel  Sebastian Castellio Canticles  Manichees Severites Acts.  Marcion all the Epistles except to Tim. and Titus  Althemerus Epistles of James and John  Wigandus John's first and second Epistles and Jude  Card. Cajetan Epistles of James and to the Hebrews Two last of John and Jude  Heshusius and Luther at first Revelations  Valentinians allowed only John  Marcion only Luke  Tatians only the Acts.  Jews Mat. Hamant Reject all the New Testament  Pope Leo called the Gospel a Fable  Anabapt Familists Quakers Deny the Scripture to be the word of God  Hobbes The books of the Old and New Testament are not canon unless made so by the civil power  Jacobus Hâ—estratus He is an Heretick that cleaves to the Scriptures  Sadduces Familists The Fathers under the Law understood nothing but a Temporal Happiness The only sure Rule of Faith and Manners Jews Assert Their Cabala  Turks Assert The Alcoran  Manichees Assert Their Mysteries  Archonticks Assert Their Symbonia  Scythians Assert Jobelea  Papists Assert Decret Tradit  Enthusiasts Familists c. Assert Fansies and Pretended Revelat.  Hobbes Assert Law of the Land  Quakers Assert Dict. of the Spirit To be interpreted according to the Analogy of Faith Pharisees Papists Severians The Scripture may be Expounded how ye list Are a Ship-mans Hose c. a Leaden Rule  Servetus Sâ—enkfeldians Valdesius Familists Moranus Libertines Quakers Anabaptists Reject written Commentaries on Scripture and Interpret according to their own Light of Reason  Origenists Libertines Familists Interpret according to the Allegorical sense for the most part  Thomists and Monks On every Scripture will have an Analogical Allegorical Historical and Moral Exposition  Brocardus Morelius Will have a mystical and Prophetical Exposition  Cardinal Crusanus As the Church alters so doth the Interpretation of Scripture  Joh. de Wassalia The Scriptures are too hard for any mortal man to Interpret  Jews Interpret according to the Expositions of their Rabbies  Papists According to the Expositions of the Church i. e. Traditions Fathers Popes Councils But the Ceremonial Law being Abolished Jews Ebion Cerinthus Armenians Familists c. The ceremonial Law is not Abolished So said also Blastus and Florinus So also the False App. and Serdonites and Nazarites  Sabbatarians Traskites The 7th day Sabbath is still to continue being Natural Moral c. And Judicial Laws Brownists We are tied to all the Judicial Laws of Moses  Ph. Stubbs To some if not to all The Moral Law obligeth all Manichees The Old Law came from the Prince of Darkness  Isleb Agricola Antinomians The Law is not to be preached nor the conscience of sinners to be terrified Banister It is utterly unlawful for the Elect to think speak or hear of the â—ear of God which the Law preacheth  Glover a Brownist Love is come in place of the 10 Commandments  Almaricus Moses's Law continued till Christ of Christ till Almaricus of the Holy Ghost till the End of the World Which yet no meer man can keep Perfectly in this Life but are all guilty Manichees Catharists Novatians could not sin so much as in Thought So the Jovinians also  Donatists were so perfect they could justifie other men  Pelagians need not say Forgive us our Trespasses  Marcionites were as pure as Paul and Peter  Tatianus and Spirituales boasted the Gifts of the spirit and condemned others  Beghardi-ine hold Perfection here no increasing in grace  Anabapt Familists Quakers men may perfectly keep the Law of God So saith Socinus also  Papists Pharisees men may do more good works than God commands viz. of Supererogation Some more some less Stoicks Pelagians Jovinianus all sins are equal But are Justified by Faith in Christ Phariseess We are Justified by external Righteousness  Sim. Magus His fair Helena  Turks Pilgrimage to Meccha or Kissing Mahomet's Sepulcher  Valentinians Labour of their Hands and good Works See afterwards  Turks Erasmus Galeatus Martius Living according to Nature So said Lampatius  Anabapt Turks false App. in Asia Works without Faith  False App. at Jerusal Ebion Russians Papists by Faith and Works  Mat. Hamant God's meer mercy not Christ's merits  Osiandrists We are Justified by the Essential Righteousness of Christ dwelling in us Attended with good works Atheists Aetians Basilidians Circumcellians Machiavillians cast off all Vertue Grace Godliness  Simonians To practise good Works is a yoke too Heavy  Libertines When Justified a man may live as he list  Carpocratians A Vicious Life will appease the Evil Angels See before  Valentinians Archontici Gnosticks Spiritual Men as themselves please God by their knowledg Natural men by their Bodily Labour Material men are uncapable of Salvation To help us herein God hath appointed in Church Catholick Jews Donatists Papists Graecians with the Russians Anabaptists c. Brownists Confin'd the Church to themselves the Donatists to Africa  Invisibles The Church of Christ is Invisible The word to be preached Phrygians Montanists Messalians Enthusiasts Anabapt Familists Swenkfeldians Brownists Barrowists Muggletonians Condemn the outward ministry and depend on Revelations  Libertines Preaching is no ordinary means leading to the Knowledg of the Truth By Ministers lawfully authorized and qualified Anabaptists Familists c. Due Election is not necessary  Familists None but Elders in the Family may be Ministers  Russians None twice married  Papists None married  Acephalians Quakers Pepuzians Women may be Deacons Ministers and Preachers Bishops And maintain'd by their callings Anabaptists Quakers Brownists Freemen Reject Tithes And Two Sacraments only to be adminstred by them Papists Seven Sacraments are appointed whereof Baptism may be administred by women as well as men in necessary cases  Marcionites Pepuzlans Private persons may baptize  Geneva Presbyt A Lay-Elder may give the Cup in the Sacrament  Puritans Doctors may not administer the Sacraments but only teach  Eutychites Quakers Swenkfeldians Ascodryptae Reject all Sacraments Baptism a sign of our Profeâ—sion Nazarens were circumcised as Jews baptized as Christians  Jacobites Are crossed upon their Arms foreheads c. instead of it  Manichees baptize none  Anabaptists None till of grown Age.  As also Pelagians Henricians Heracleans None till adult  Sweemerian Anabap. Servetians Familists None till 30 years of Age.  Barrowists Brownists None who are the children of profane Parents  Marcionites None that are married only single persons Widows c.  Cataphrygians baptized dead bodies  Marcionites baptized the living for the dead i. e. for the behalf of the dead Chrysost  Papists baptize Bells c.  Novatians Papists Re-baptize those which are baptized by Hereticks