and_o interest_n the_o king_n have_v in_o her_o possession_n she_o can_v be_v seize_v to_o a_o use_n a_o corporation_n can_v be_v seize_v to_o a_o use_n because_o their_o capacity_n be_v to_o a_o use_n certain_a again_o because_o they_o can_v execute_v a_o estate_n without_o do_v wrong_n to_o their_o corporation_n or_o founder_n but_o chief_o because_o of_o the_o letter_n of_o this_o statute_n which_o in_o any_o clause_n when_o it_o speak_v of_o the_o feoffee_n rest_v only_o upon_o the_o word_n person_n but_o when_o it_o speak_v of_o cefty_a que_fw-fr use_n it_o add_v person_n or_o body_n politic_a if_o a_o bishop_n bargain_n or_o sell_v land_n whereof_o he_o be_v seize_v in_o the_o right_a of_o his_o sea_n this_o be_v good_a during_o his_o life_n otherwise_o it_o be_v where_o a_o bishop_n be_v enfeoff_v to_o he_o and_o his_o successor_n to_o the_o use_n of_o i._n d._n and_o his_o heir_n that_o be_v not_o good_a no_o not_o for_o the_o bishop_n life_n but_o the_o use_n be_v mere_o void_a contrary_a law_n of_o tenant_n in_o taile_n for_o if_o i_o give_v land_n in_o tail_n by_o deed_n since_o the_o statute_n to_o a._o to_o the_o use_n of_o b._n and_o his_o heir_n b._o have_v a_o fee-simple_n determinable_a upon_o the_o death_n of_o a_o without_o issue_n and_o like_o law_n though_o doubtful_a before_o the_o statute_n be_v for_o the_o chief_a reason_n which_o breed_v the_o doubt_n before_o the_o statute_n be_v because_o tenant_n in_o tail_n can_v not_o execute_v a_o estate_n without_o wrong_n but_o that_o since_o the_o statute_n be_v quite_o take_v away_o because_o the_o statute_n save_v no_o right_a of_o entail_v as_o the_o statute_n of_o 1._o r._n 3._o do_v and_o that_o reason_n likewise_o may_v have_v be_v answer_v before_o the_o statute_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o common_a recovery_n a_o feme_fw-fr covert_fw-fr and_o a_o infant_n though_o under_o year_n of_o discretion_n may_v be_v seize_v to_o a_o use_n for_o aswell_o as_o land_n may_v descend_v unto_o they_o from_o a_o feoffee_n to_o use_v so_o may_v they_o original_o be_v enfeoff_v to_o a_o use_n yet_o if_o it_o be_v before_o the_o statute_n and_o they_o have_v upon_o a_o subpoena_n bring_v execute_v their_o estate_n during_o the_o coverture_n or_o infancy_n they_o may_v have_v defeat_v the_o same_o and_o when_o they_o shall_v have_v be_v seize_v again_o to_o the_o use_n and_o not_o to_o their_o own_o use_n but_o since_o the_o statute_n no_o right_n be_v save_v unto_o they_o if_o a_o feme_fw-fr covert_fw-fr or_o a_o infant_n be_v enfeoff_v to_o a_o use_n precedent_n since_o the_o statute_n the_o infant_n or_o baron_n come_v too_o late_o to_o discharge_v or_o root_v up_o the_o feoffment_n but_o if_o a_o infant_n be_v enfeoff_v to_o the_o use_n of_o himself_o and_o his_o heir_n and_o i._n d._n pay_v such_o a_o sum_n of_o money_n to_o the_o use_n of_o i._n g._n and_o his_o heir_n the_o infant_n may_v disagree_v and_o overthrow_v the_o contingent_a use_n contrary_a law_n if_o a_o infant_n be_v enfeoff_v to_o the_o use_n of_o himself_o for_o life_n the_o remainder_n to_o the_o use_n of_o i._n s._n and_o his_o heir_n he_o may_v disagree_v to_o the_o feoffment_n as_o to_o his_o own_o estate_n but_o not_o to_o divest_v the_o remainder_n but_o it_o shall_v remain_v to_o the_o benefit_n of_o he_o in_o remainder_n and_o yet_o if_o a_o attainded_a person_n be_v enfeoff_v to_o a_o use_n the_o king_n title_n after_o office_n find_v shall_v prevent_v the_o use_n and_o relate_v above_o it_o but_o until_o office_n the_o cesty_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n be_v seize_v of_o the_o land_n like_o law_n of_o a_o alien_n for_o if_o land_n be_v give_v to_o a_o alien_n to_o a_o use_n the_o use_n be_v not_o void_a ab_fw-la initio_fw-la yet_o neither_o alien_n or_o attainded_a person_n can_v maintain_v a_o action_n to_o defend_v the_o land_n the_o king_n villain_fw-fr if_o he_o be_v enfeoff_v to_o a_o use_n the_o king_n title_n shall_v relate_v above_o the_o use_n otherwise_o in_o case_n of_o a_o common_a person_n but_o if_o the_o lord_n be_v enfeoff_v to_o the_o use_n of_o his_o villain_fw-fr the_o use_n neither_o rise_v but_o the_o lord_n be_v in_o by_o the_o common_a law_n and_o not_o by_o the_o statute_n discharge_v of_o the_o use_n but_o if_o the_o husband_n be_v enfeoff_v to_o the_o use_n of_o his_o wife_n for_o year_n if_o he_o die_v the_o wife_n shall_v have_v the_o term_n and_o it_o shall_v not_o enure_v by_o way_n of_o discharge_n although_o the_o husband_n may_v dispose_v of_o the_o wife_n term_n so_o if_o the_o lord_n of_o who_o the_o land_n be_v hold_v be_v enfeoff_v to_o the_o use_n of_o a_o person_n attaind_v the_o lord_n shall_v not_o hold_v by_o way_n of_o discharge_n of_o the_o use_n because_o of_o the_o king_n title_n an._n diem_fw-la et_fw-la vastum_fw-la a_o person_n uncertain_a be_v not_o within_o the_o statute_n nor_o any_o estate_n in_o nutibus_fw-la or_o suspense_n execute_v as_o if_o i_o give_v land_n to_o i._n s._n the_o remainder_n to_o the_o right_a heir_n of_o i._n d._n to_o the_o use_n of_o i._n n._n and_o his_o heir_n i._n n._n be_v not_o seize_v of_o the_o fee-simple_n of_o a_o estate_n per_fw-la vit._n of_o i._n s._n till_o i._n d._n be_v dead_a and_o then_o in_o fee-simple_n like_a law_n if_o before_o the_o statute_n i_o give_v land_n to_o i._n s._n per_fw-la auter_fw-fr vie_fw-fr to_o a_o use_n and_o i._n s._n die_v leave_v cesty_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n whereby_o the_o freehold_n be_v in_o suspense_n the_o statute_n come_v and_o no_o occupant_n enter_v the_o use_n be_v not_o execute_v out_o of_o the_o freehold_n in_o suspense_n for_o the_o occupant_n the_o disseissor_n the_o lord_n by_o escheat_n the_o feoffee_n upon_o consideration_n not_o have_v notice_n and_o all_o other_o person_n which_o shall_v be_v seize_v to_o use_n not_o in_o regard_n of_o their_o person_n but_o of_o their_o title_n i_o refer_v they_o to_o my_o division_n touch_v disturbance_n and_o interruption_n ofuse_v it_o follow_v now_o to_o see_v what_o person_n may_v be_v a_o cesty_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n the_o king_n may_v be_v cesty_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n but_o it_o behoove_v both_o the_o declaration_n of_o the_o use_n and_o the_o conveyance_n itself_o to_o be_v matter_n of_o record_n because_o the_o king_n title_n be_v compound_v of_o both_o i_o say_v not_o appear_v of_o record_n but_o by_o conveyance_n of_o record_n and_o therefore_o if_o i_o covenant_n with_o i._n s._n to_o levy_v a_o fine_a to_o he_o to_o the_o king_n use_n which_o i_o do_v according_o and_o this_o deed_n of_o covenant_n be_v not_o enroll_v and_o the_o deed_n be_v find_v by_o office_n the_o use_n ve_v not_o econverso_fw-la enroll_v if_o i_o covenant_n with_o i._n s._n to_o infeoff_v he_o to_o the_o king_n use_n and_o the_o deed_n be_v enroll_v â—nd_v the_o feoffment_n also_o be_v find_v by_o office_n the_o use_n ve_v but_o if_o i_o levy_v a_o fine_a or_o suffer_v a_o recovery_n to_o the_o king_n use_n and_o declare_v the_o use_n by_o deed_n of_o covenant_n enroll_v though_o the_o king_n be_v not_o party_n yet_o it_o be_v good_a enough_o a_o corporation_n may_v take_v a_o use_n and_o yet_o it_o be_v not_o material_a whether_o the_o feoffment_n or_o the_o declaration_n be_v by_o deed_n but_o i_o may_v enfeoffee_n i._n s._n to_o the_o use_n of_o a_o corporation_n and_o this_o use_n may_v be_v aver_v a_o use_n to_o a_o person_n incertain_a be_v not_o void_a in_o the_o first_o limitation_n but_o execute_v not_o till_o the_o person_n be_v in_o esse_fw-la so_o that_o this_o be_v positive_a than_o a_o use_n shall_v never_o be_v in_o obeyance_n as_o a_o remainder_n may_v be_v but_o ever_o in_o a_o person_n certain_a upon_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n and_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o feeoffee_n shall_v be_v in_o he_o or_o they_o which_o have_v the_o use_n the_o reason_n be_v because_o no_o confidence_n can_v be_v repose_v in_o a_o person_n unknown_a and_o uncertain_a and_o therefore_o if_o i_o make_v a_o feoffment_n to_o the_o use_n of_o i._n s._n for_o life_n and_o then_o to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o right_a heir_n of_o i._n d._n the_o remainder_n be_v not_o in_o obeyance_n but_o the_o reversion_n be_v in_o the_o feoffer_n quousque_fw-la so_o that_o upon_o the_o matter_n all_o person_n uncertain_a in_o use_n be_v like_o condition_n or_o limitation_n precedent_a like_o law_n if_o i_o enfeoffee_n one_o to_o the_o use_n of_o i._n s._n for_o year_n the_o remainder_n to_o the_o right_a herres_n of_o i._n d._n this_o be_v not_o execute_v obeyance_n and_o therefore_o not_o void_a like_o law_n if_o i_o make_v a_o feoffment_n to_o the_o use_n of_o my_o wife_n that_o shall_v be_v or_o to_o such_o person_n as_o i_o shall_v
possession_n and_o not_o of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o use_n because_o a_o use_n be_v no_o right_a nor_o interest_n so_o again_o you_o see_v that_o littleton_n conceit_n that_o a_o use_n shall_v amount_v to_o a_o tenancy_n at_o will_n whereupon_o a_o release_n may_v well_o enure_v because_o of_o pravity_n be_v control_v by_o 4._o et_fw-fr 5._o h._n 7._o and_o diverse_a other_o book_n which_o say_v that_o cesty_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n be_v punishable_a in_o a_o action_n of_o trespass_n towards_o the_o feoffee_n only_o 5._o h._n 5._o seem_v to_o be_v at_o some_o discord_n with_o other_o book_n where_o it_o be_v admit_v for_o law_n that_o if_o there_o be_v cesty_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n of_o a_o advowson_n and_o he_o be_v outlaw_v in_o a_o personal_a action_n the_o king_n shall_v have_v the_o presentment_n which_o case_n master_n evans_n in_o the_o argument_n of_o chudley_n case_n do_v seem_v to_o reconcile_v this_o where_n cesty_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n be_v utlaird_v have_v present_v in_o his_o own_o name_n there_o the_o king_n shall_v remove_v his_o incumbent_n and_o no_o such_o thing_n can_v be_v collect_v upon_o that_o book_n and_o therefore_o i_o conceive_v the_o error_n grow_v upon_o this_o that_o because_o it_o be_v general_o think_v that_o a_o use_n be_v but_o a_o penancy_n of_o profit_n and_o then_o again_o because_o the_o law_n be_v that_o upon_o utlayer_n upon_o personal_a action_n the_o king_n shall_v have_v the_o penancy_n of_o profit_n they_o take_v that_o to_o be_v one_o and_o the_o self_n same_o thing_n which_o cesty_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n have_v and_o which_o the_o king_n be_v entitle_v unto_o which_o be_v not_o so_o for_o the_o king_n have_v remedy_n in_o law_n for_o his_o penancy_n of_o profit_n but_o cesty_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n have_v none_o the_o book_n go_v further_a and_o say_v that_o a_o use_n be_v nothing_o as_o in_o 2._o h._n 7._o dett_n fuit_fw-la port_n and_o count_v sur_fw-mi lea_n for_o year_n rend_v etc._n etc._n the_o defendant_n plead_v in_o bar_n that_o the_o plaintiff_n nihil_fw-la habuit_fw-la tempore_fw-la divisionis_fw-la the_o plaintiff_n make_v a_o special_a replication_n and_o show_v that_o he_o have_v no_o use_n and_o issue_v join_v upon_o that_o wherefore_o it_o appear_v that_o if_o he_o have_v take_v issue_n upon_o the_o defendant_n plea_n it_o shall_v have_v be_v find_v against_o he_o so_o again_o in_o 4._o reginae_fw-la in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o lord_n sand_n the_o truth_n of_o the_o case_n be_v a_o fine_a levy_v by_o cesty_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n before_o the_o statute_n and_o this_o come_n in_o question_n since_o the_o statute_n upon_o a_o averment_n by_o the_o plaintiff_n quod_fw-la partes_fw-la finis_fw-la nihil_fw-la habuerint_fw-la it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o defendant_n may_v show_v the_o special_a matter_n of_o â—_z use_n and_o it_o shall_v be_v no_o departure_n from_o the_o first_o plead_v of_o the_o same_o and_o it_o be_v say_v further_a that_o the_o averment_n give_v in_o 4._o h._n 7._o quod_fw-la partes_fw-la finis_fw-la nihil_fw-la habuerint_fw-la nec_fw-la in_fw-la possessione_fw-la nec_fw-la in_fw-la usu_fw-la go_v out_o upon_o this_o statute_n of_o 27._o hen._n 8._o and_o be_v no_o more_o now_o to_o be_v accept_v but_o yet_o it_o appear_v that_o if_o issue_n have_v be_v take_v upon_o the_o general_a averment_n without_o the_o special_a matter_n show_v it_o shall_v have_v be_v find_v for_o he_o that_o take_v the_o averment_n because_o a_o use_n be_v nothing_o but_o these_o book_n be_v not_o to_o be_v take_v general_o or_o gross_o for_o we_o see_v in_o the_o same_o book_n when_o a_o use_n be_v special_o allege_v the_o law_n take_v knowledge_n of_o it_o but_o the_o sense_n of_o it_o be_v that_o use_n be_v nothing_o for_o which_o remedy_n be_v give_v by_o the_o course_n of_o the_o common_a law_n so_o as_o the_o law_n know_v it_o but_o protect_v it_o not_o and_o therefore_o when_o the_o question_n come_v whether_o it_o have_v any_o being_n in_o nature_n and_o conscience_n the_o law_n accept_v of_o it_o and_o therefore_o littleton_n case_n be_v good_a law_n that_o he_o which_o have_v but_o forty_o shilling_n freehold_n in_o use_n shall_v be_v swear_v in_o a_o inquest_n for_o it_o be_v rule_v secundum_fw-la dominium_fw-la laterale_a and_o not_o secundum_fw-la deminium_fw-la legitimum_fw-la nam_fw-la natura_fw-la dominus_fw-la est_fw-la quia_fw-la fructum_fw-la ex_fw-la re_fw-la percipit_fw-la and_o some_o doubt_n upon_o subsidy_n and_o tax_n cesty_fw-fr que_fw-la use_n shall_v be_v value_v as_o a_o owner_n so_o likewise_o if_o cesty_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n have_v resolve_v his_o use_n unto_o the_o feoffee_n for_o six_o pound_n or_o contract_v with_o a_o stranger_n for_o the_o like_a some_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o it_o be_v a_o good_a construction_n whereon_o to_o ground_v a_o action_n upon_o the_o case_n for_o money_n for_o release_v of_o a_o suit_n in_o the_o chancery_n be_v a_o good_a quid_fw-la pro_fw-la quo_fw-la therefore_o to_o conclude_v though_o a_o use_n be_v nothing_o in_o law_n to_o yield_v remedy_n by_o course_n of_o law_n yet_o it_o be_v somewhat_o in_o reputation_n of_o law_n and_o conscience_n for_o that_o may_v be_v somewhat_o in_o conscience_n which_o be_v nothing_o in_o law_n like_o as_o that_o may_v be_v something_o in_o law_n which_o be_v nothing_o in_o conscience_n as_o if_o the_o feoffee_n have_v make_v a_o feoffment_n over_o in_o fee_n bona_fw-la fide_fw-la upon_o good_a consideration_n and_o upon_o a_o subpoena_n bring_v against_o they_o he_o plead_v this_o matter_n in_o chancery_n this_o have_v be_v nothing_o in_o conscience_n not_o as_o to_o discharge_v they_o of_o damage_n a_o second_o negative_a fit_n to_o be_v understand_v be_v that_o a_o use_n be_v no_o covin_z nor_o it_o be_v no_o collusion_n as_o the_o word_n be_v now_o use_v for_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o where_o a_o man_n do_v remove_v the_o state_n and_o possession_n of_o land_n or_o good_n out_o of_o himself_o unto_o another_o upon_o trust_n it_o be_v either_o a_o special_a trust_n or_o a_o general_a trust_n the_o special_a trust_n be_v either_o lawful_a or_o unlawful_a the_o special_a trust_n unlawful_a be_v according_a to_o the_o case_n provide_v for_o by_o ancient_a statute_n of_o the_o profit_n as_o where_o it_o be_v to_o defraud_v creditor_n or_o to_o get_v man_n to_o maintain_v suit_n or_o to_o defeat_v the_o tenancy_n to_o the_o precipe_fw-la or_o the_o statute_n of_o mortmain_n or_o the_o lord_n of_o their_o wardship_n or_o the_o like_a and_o those_o be_v term_v fraud_n covin_n or_o collusion_n the_o special_a trust_n lawful_a be_v as_o when_o i_o enfeoffee_n some_o of_o my_o friend_n because_o i_o be_o to_o go_v beyond_o the_o sea_n or_o because_o i_o will_v free_v the_o land_n from_o some_o several_a statute_n or_o bond_n which_o i_o be_o to_o enter_v into_o or_o upon_o intent_n to_o be_v enfeoff_v or_o intent_n to_o vouch_a and_o so_o to_o suffer_v a_o common_a recovery_n or_o upon_o intent_n that_o the_o feoffee_n shall_v enfeoffee_n over_o a_o stranger_n and_o infinite_a the_o like_a intent_n and_o purpose_n which_o fall_v out_o in_o man_n deal_n and_o occasion_n and_o this_o we_o call_v confidence_n and_o the_o book_n do_v call_v they_o intent_n but_o where_o the_o trust_n be_v not_o special_a nor_o transitory_a but_o general_a and_o permanent_a there_o it_o be_v a_o use_n and_o therefore_o these_o three_o be_v to_o be_v distinguish_v and_o not_o confound_v by_o covin_z confidence_n use_n so_o as_o now_o we_o be_v come_v by_o negative_n to_o the_o affirmative_a what_o a_o use_n be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o definition_n in_o plowden_n 352._o de_fw-la lamers_n case_n where_o it_o be_v say_v use_n be_v a_o trust_n repose_v by_o any_o person_n in_o the_o terre-tenant_n that_o he_o may_v suffer_v he_o to_o take_v the_o profit_n and_o he_o that_o will_v perform_v his_o intent_n but_o it_o be_v a_o short_a speech_n to_o say_v that_o usus_fw-la est_fw-la dommium_fw-la fiduciarium_fw-la use_n be_v a_o owner_n life_n in_o trust_n so_o that_o usus_fw-la est_fw-la status_fw-la sive_fw-la possessio_fw-la totius_fw-la differ_v secundum_fw-la rationem_fw-la fori_fw-la quà m_fw-la secundum_fw-la naturam_fw-la rei_fw-la for_o that_o one_o of_o they_o be_v in_o court_n of_o law_n the_o other_o in_o court_n of_o conscience_n and_o for_o a_o trust_n which_o be_v the_o way_n to_o a_o use_n it_o be_v exceed_o well_o define_v by_o a_o civilian_n of_o great_a understanding_n fides_fw-la est_fw-la obligatio_fw-la conscientiae_fw-la unjus_fw-la ad_fw-la intentionem_fw-la alterius_fw-la and_o they_o have_v a_o good_a division_n likewise_o of_o right_n ius_fw-la precarium_fw-la ius_fw-la fiduciarium_fw-la ius_fw-la legitimum_fw-la a_o right_a in_o courtesy_n for_o the_o which_o there_o be_v no_o remedy_n at_o all_o 1._o a_o right_n in_o trust_n for_o which_o there_o be_v a_o remedy_n only_o but_o in_o 2._o
juror_n which_o in_o other_o law_n be_v call_v judge_n de_fw-la facto_fw-la to_o give_v no_o liquet_fw-la that_o be_v to_o give_v no_o verdict_n at_o all_o and_o so_o the_o case_n to_o stand_v abate_v our_o law_n enforce_v they_o to_o a_o direct_a verdict_n general_a or_o special_a and_o whereas_o other_o law_n except_o of_o plurality_n of_o voice_n to_o make_v a_o verdict_n our_o law_n enforce_v they_o all_o to_o agree_v in_o one_o and_o whereas_o other_o law_n leave_v they_o to_o their_o own_o time_n and_o ease_n and_o to_o part_n and_o to_o meet_v again_o our_o law_n duresse_n and_o imprison_v they_o in_o the_o hard_a manner_n without_o light_n or_o comfort_n until_o they_o be_v agree_v in_o consideration_n of_o straightness_n and_o cohersion_n it_o be_v consonant_a that_o the_o law_n do_v require_v in_o all_o matter_n bring_v to_o issue_n that_o there_o be_v full_a proof_n and_o evidence_n and_o therefore_o if_o the_o matter_n in_o itself_o be_v of_o that_o surety_n as_o in_o 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be_v put_v to_o a_o conizee_n of_o a_o statute_n or_o a_o termor_n so_o again_o we_o see_v that_o the_o statute_n of_o mortmain_n be_v make_v to_o preserve_v the_o lord_n escheat_n and_o ward_n the_o tenant_n in_o dower_n be_v so_o much_o favour_v as_o that_o it_o be_v the_o common_a by_o word_n in_o the_o law_n that_o the_o law_n favour_v three_o thing_n 1._o life_n 2._o liberty_n 3._o dower_n so_o in_o case_n of_o voucher_n the_o feme_fw-fr shall_v not_o be_v delay_v but_o shall_v recover_v against_o the_o heir_n incontinent_a so_o likewise_o of_o tenant_n by_o courtesy_n it_o be_v call_v tenancy_n by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n and_o therefore_o special_o favour_v as_o a_o proper_a conceit_n and_o invention_n of_o our_o law_n so_o as_o again_o the_o law_n do_v favour_v such_o as_o have_v ancient_a right_n and_o therefore_o it_o tell_v we_o it_o be_v common_o say_v that_o a_o right_n can_v die_v and_o that_o ground_n of_o law_n that_o a_o free_a hold_n can_v be_v in_o suspense_n show_v it_o well_o insomuch_o that_o the_o law_n will_v rather_o give_v the_o land_n to_o the_o first_o comer_n which_o we_o call_v a_o occupant_n then_o want_v a_o tenant_n to_o a_o stranger_n action_n and_o again_o the_o other_o ancient_a ground_n of_o law_n of_o remitter_n show_v that_o where_o the_o tenant_n fail_v without_o folly_n in_o the_o defendant_n the_o law_n execute_v the_o ancient_a right_n to_o conclude_v therefore_o this_o point_n when_o this_o practice_n of_o feoffment_n in_o use_n do_v prejudice_n and_o dampnifie_v all_o those_o person_n that_o the_o ancient_a common_a law_n favour_v and_o do_v absolute_o cross_v the_o wisdom_n of_o the_o law_n to_o have_v conveyance_n considerate_a and_o not_o odious_a and_o to_o have_v trial_n thereupon_o clear_a and_o not_o inveigh_v it_o be_v no_o marvel_n that_o the_o statute_n conclude_v that_o their_o subtle_a imagination_n and_o abuse_n tend_v to_o the_o utter_a subversion_n of_o the_o ancient_a common_a law_n of_o this_o realm_n the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o preamble_n give_v a_o touch_n of_o the_o remedy_n which_o the_o statute_n intend_v to_o minister_v consist_v in_o two_o part_n first_o the_o expiration_n of_o feoffment_n 1._o second_o the_o take_v away_o of_o the_o hurt_n damage_n and_o 2._o deceit_n of_o the_o use_n out_o of_o which_o have_v be_v gather_v two_o extremity_n of_o opinion_n the_o first_o opinion_n be_v that_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o statute_n be_v to_o discontinue_v and_o banish_v all_o conveyance_n in_o use_n ground_v themselves_o both_o upon_o the_o word_n that_o the_o statute_n do_v not_o speak_v of_o the_o extinguishment_n or_o extirpation_n of_o the_o use_n viz._n by_o a_o unity_n of_o possession_n but_o of_o a_o extinguishment_n or_o extirpation_n of_o the_o feoffment_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v the_o conveyance_n itself_o second_o out_o of_o the_o word_n abuse_n and_o error_n heretofore_o use_v and_o accustom_v as_o if_o use_n have_v not_o be_v at_o the_o common_a law_n but_o have_v only_o a_o erroneous_a device_n or_o practice_n to_o both_o which_o i_o answer_v to_o the_o former_a that_o the_o extirpation_n which_o the_o statute_n mean_v be_v plain_a to_o be_v of_o the_o feoffee_n estate_n and_o not_o to_o the_o form_n of_o conveyance_n to_o the_o latter_a i_o say_v that_o for_o word_n abuse_n that_o may_v be_v a_o abuse_n of_o the_o law_n which_o be_v not_o against_o law_n as_o the_o take_v long_a lease_n at_o this_o day_n of_o land_n in_o capite_fw-la to_o defraud_v wardship_n be_v a_o abuse_n of_o the_o law_n which_o be_v not_o against_o law_n and_o by_o the_o word_n error_n the_o statute_n mean_v by_o it_o not_o a_o mistake_n of_o the_o law_n but_o wander_v or_o go_v astray_o or_o digress_v from_o the_o ancient_a practice_n of_o the_o law_n unto_o a_o buy_v course_n as_o when_o we_o
the_o learned_a read_n of_o sir_n francis_n bacon_n one_o of_o her_o majesty_n learned_a counsel_n at_o law_n upon_o the_o statute_n of_o use_n be_v his_o double_a read_n to_o the_o honourable_a society_n of_o gray_n inn_n publish_a for_o the_o common_a good_a london_n print_v for_o matthew_n walbancke_n and_o laurence_n chapman_n 1642._o the_o learned_a read_n of_o sir_n francis_n bacon_n upon_o the_o statute_n of_o use_v i_o have_v choose_v to_o read_v upon_o the_o law_n of_o use_v make_v 27._o hen._n 8_o a_o law_n whereupon_o the_o inheritance_n of_o this_o realm_n be_v toss_v at_o this_o day_n like_o a_o ship_n upon_o the_o sea_n in_o such_o sort_n that_o it_o be_v hard_a to_o say_v which_o bark_n will_v sink_v and_o which_o will_v get_v to_o the_o haven_n that_o be_v to_o say_v what_o assurance_n will_v stand_v good_a and_o what_o will_v not_o whether_o be_v this_o any_o lack_n or_o default_n in_o the_o pilot_n their_o grave_n and_o learned_a judge_n but_o the_o tide_n and_o current_n of_o receive_a error_n and_o unwarranted_a and_o abusive_a experience_n have_v be_v so_o strong_a as_o they_o be_v not_o able_a to_o keep_v a_o right_a course_n according_a to_o the_o law_n so_o as_o this_o statute_n be_v in_o great_a part_n as_o a_o law_n make_v in_o the_o parliament_n hold_v 35._o reginae_fw-la for_o in_o 37._o reginae_fw-la by_o the_o notable_a judgement_n upon_o solemn_a argument_n of_o all_o the_o judge_n assemble_v in_o the_o exchequet_n chamber_n in_o the_o famous_a case_n between_o dillon_n and_o fraeyne_n concerning_o a_o assurance_n by_o chudley_n this_o law_n begin_v to_o be_v reduce_v to_o a_o true_a and_o sound_a exposition_n and_o the_o fall_n and_o pervert_v exposition_n which_o have_v continue_v for_o so_o many_o year_n but_o never_o countenance_v by_o any_o rule_n or_o authority_n of_o weight_n but_o only_o entertain_v in_o a_o popular_a conceit_n and_o in_o practice_n at_o adventure_n grow_v to_o be_v control_v since_o which_o time_n as_o 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be_v bend_v and_o conversant_a upon_o one_o subject_a he_o shall_v many_o time_n with_o patience_n and_o meditation_n dissolve_v and_o undo_v many_o of_o the_o knot_n which_o a_o great_a wit_n distract_v with_o many_o matter_n will_v rather_o cut_v in_o two_o then_o unknit_v at_o the_o least_o if_o my_o intention_n or_o judgement_n be_v too_o barren_a or_o too_o weak_a yet_o by_o the_o benefit_n of_o other_o art_n i_o do_v hope_n to_o dispose_v or_o digest_v the_o authority_n or_o opinion_n which_o be_v in_o case_n of_o use_n in_o such_o order_n and_o method_n as_o they_o shall_v take_v light_a one_o from_o another_o though_o they_o take_v no_o light_n from_o i_o and_o like_v to_o the_o matter_n of_o my_o read_n shall_v my_o manner_n be_v for_o my_o meaning_n be_v to_o revive_v and_o recontinue_v the_o ancient_a son_n of_o read_v which_o you_o may_v see_v in_o mr._n frowickes_n upon_o the_o prerogative_n and_o all_o other_o read_n of_o ancient_a time_n be_v of_o less_o ostentation_n and_o more_o fruit_n than_o the_o manner_n late_o accustom_v for_o the_o use_n than_o be_v substantial_o to_o expound_v the_o statute_n by_o ground_n and_o diversity_n as_o you_o shall_v find_v the_o read_n still_o to_o run_v upon_o case_n of_o the_o like_a law_n and_o contrary_a law_n whereof_o the_o one_o include_v the_o learning_n of_o a_o difference_n and_o not_o to_o stir_v concise_a and_o subtle_a doubâ—s_n or_o to_o contrive_v tedious_a and_o intricate_a case_n whereof_o all_o save_a one_o be_v bury_v and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o that_o one_o case_n which_o be_v take_v be_v common_o nothing_o to_o the_o matter_n in_o hand_n but_o my_o labour_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o ancient_a course_n to_o open_v the_o law_n upon_o doubt_n and_o not_o doubt_n upon_o the_o law_n expositio_fw-la statuti_fw-la the_o exposition_n of_o this_o statute_n consist_v upon_o the_o matter_n without_o the_o statute_n upon_o the_o matter_n within_o the_o statute_n three_o thing_n concerning_o these_o statute_n and_o all_o other_o statute_n which_o be_v help_n and_o inducement_n to_o the_o right_a understanding_n of_o my_o statute_n and_o yet_o be_v no_o part_n of_o the_o statute_n itself_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o statute_n at_o the_o common_a law_n 1._o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o mischief_n which_o the_o statute_n intend_v 2._o to_o redress_v as_o any_o other_o mischief_n which_o a_o expositor_n of_o the_o statute_n this_o way_n or_o that_o way_n may_v breed_v certain_a maxim_n of_o the_o common_a ley_n touch_v exposition_n of_o statute_n have_v therefore_o frame_v six_o division_n according_a 3._o to_o the_o number_n of_o read_n upon_o the_o statute_n itself_o i_o have_v likewise_o divide_v the_o matter_n without_o the_o statute_n into_o six_o introduction_n or_o discourse_n so_o that_o for_o every_o day_n read_v i_o have_v make_v triple_a proposition_n 1._o vn_fw-fr preface_n or_o introduction_n 2._o vn_fw-fr division_n upon_o the_o law_n itself_o 3_o a_o few_o brief_a casas_n for_o exercise_n and_o argument_n the_o last_o of_o which_o i_o will_v have_v forbear_v and_o according_a to_o the_o ancient_a manner_n you_o shall_v have_v take_v some_o of_o my_o point_n upon_o my_o division_n one_o two_o or_o more_o as_o you_o shall_v have_v think_v good_a save_v that_o i_o have_v this_o regard_n that_o the_o young_a sort_n of_o the_o bar_n be_v not_o so_o conversant_a upon_o matter_n upon_o the_o statute_n and_o for_o that_o case_n i_o have_v interlace_v some_o matter_n at_o the_o common_a law_n that_o be_v more_o familiar_a within_o the_o book_n the_o first_o matter_n i_o will_v discourse_n unto_o you_o be_v the_o nature_n and_o 1._o definition_n of_o a_o use_n and_o his_o incession_n and_o progression_n before_o the_o statute_n the_o second_o discourse_n shall_v be_v of_o the_o second_o spring_n of_o this_o 2._o tree_n of_o use_n since_o the_o statute_n the_o three_o discourse_n shall_v be_v of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o assurance_n 3._o of_o this_o realm_n at_o this_o day_n upon_o use_n and_o what_o kind_n of_o they_o be_v convenient_a and_o reasonable_a and_o not_o fit_a to_o be_v touch_v as_o far_o as_o sense_n of_o law_n and_o natural_a construction_n of_o the_o statute_n will_v give_v leave_n and_o what_o kind_n of_o they_o be_v convenient_a and_o meet_a to_o be_v suppress_v the_o four_o discourse_n shall_v be_v of_o certain_a rule_n and_o exposition_n 4._o of_o law_n apply_v to_o this_o present_a purpose_n the_o five_o discourse_n shall_v be_v of_o the_o best_a course_n to_o remedy_v 5._o the_o same_o inconvenience_n now_o a_o foot_n by_o construction_n of_o the_o statute_n withoutofter_v violence_n to_o the_o letter_n or_o sense_n the_o six_o and_o last_o discourse_n shall_v be_v of_o the_o best_a course_n to_o remedy_v 6._o the_o same_o inconvenience_n and_o to_o declare_v the_o law_n by_o act_n of_o parliament_n which_o last_o i_o think_v good_a to_o reserve_v and_o not_o to_o publish_v the_o nature_n of_o a_o use_n be_v best_a discern_v by_o consider_v what_o it_o be_v not_o and_o than_o what_o it_o be_v for_o it_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o all_o human_a science_n and_o knowledge_n to_o proceed_v most_o safe_o by_o negative_a and_o exclusive_a first_o use_n be_v no_o right_a title_n or_o interest_n in_o law_n and_o therefore_o master_n attorney_n who_o read_v upon_o this_o statute_n say_v well_o that_o there_o be_v but_o two_o right_n ius_fw-la in_fw-la re_fw-la ius_fw-la ad_fw-la rem_fw-la the_o one_o be_v a_o estate_n which_o be_v ius_fw-la in_o re_fw-it the_o other_o a_o demand_n which_o be_v ius_fw-la ad_fw-la rem_fw-la but_o a_o use_n be_v neither_o so_o that_o in_o 24._o h._n 8._o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o save_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o i._n r._n â—_z which_o save_v any_o right_a or_o interest_n of_o entail_v must_v be_v understand_v of_o entail_n of_o the_o
the_o principal_a case_n for_o a_o rent_n out_o of_o land_n and_o the_o land_n itself_o in_o case_n of_o possession_n can_v stand_v together_o but_o the_o rent_n shall_v be_v extinct_a but_o there_o the_o case_n be_v that_o the_o use_n of_o the_o land_n and_o the_o use_n of_o the_o rent_n shall_v stand_v well_o enough_o together_o for_o a_o rend_n charge_n be_v grant_v by_o the_o feoffee_n to_o one_o that_o notice_n of_o the_o use_n have_v and_o rule_v that_o the_o rent_n be_v to_o the_o ancient_a use_n and_o both_o use_n be_v in_o esse_fw-la simulet_fw-la semel_fw-la and_o though_o brudnell_n chief_a justice_n urge_v the_o ground_n of_o possession_n to_o be_v otherwise_o yet_o he_o be_v overruled_a by_o the_o other_o three_o justice_n and_o brooke_n say_v unto_o he_o he_o think_v he_o argue_v much_o for_o his_o pleasure_n and_o to_o conclude_v we_o see_v the_o thing_n may_v be_v avoid_v and_o determine_v by_o the_o ceremony_n and_o act_n like_v unto_o those_o by_o which_o be_v create_v and_o raise_v that_o which_o pass_v by_o livery_n ought_v to_o be_v avoid_v by_o entry_n that_o which_o pass_v by_o grant_n by_o claim_n that_o which_o pass_v by_o way_n of_o charge_n determine_v by_o way_n of_o discharge_n and_o so_o a_o use_n which_o be_v raise_v but_o by_o a_o declaration_n or_o limitation_n may_v cease_v by_o word_n of_o declaration_n or_o limitation_n as_o the_o civil_a law_n say_v in_o his_o magis_fw-la consentaneum_fw-la est_fw-la quà m_fw-la ut_fw-la ijsdem_fw-la modis_fw-la res_fw-la dissolvantur_fw-la a_fw-la quibus_fw-la constituantur_fw-la for_o the_o conception_n and_o progression_n of_o use_n i_o have_v for_o a_o precedent_n in_o they_o other_o law_n because_o state_n and_o commonwealth_n have_v common_a accident_n and_o i_o find_v in_o the_o civil_a law_n that_o that_o which_o come_v near_a in_o name_n to_o the_o use_n be_v nothing_o like_o in_o matter_n which_o be_v usus_fw-la fructus_fw-la for_o usus_fw-la fructus_fw-la et_fw-la dominium_fw-la be_v with_o they_o as_o with_o their_o particular_a tenancy_n and_o inheritance_n but_o that_o which_o resemble_v the_o use_n most_o be_v fidei_fw-la commissio_fw-la and_o therefore_o you_o shall_v find_v in_o ius_fw-la lib._n 2._o that_o they_o have_v a_o form_n in_o testament_n to_o give_v inheritance_n to_o one_o to_o the_o use_n of_o another_o heredem_fw-la constituo_fw-la cajum_fw-la rogo_fw-la antem_fw-la te_fw-la caie_n ut_fw-la hereditatem_fw-la restituas_fw-la and_o the_o text_n of_o the_o civilian_n say_v that_o for_o a_o great_a time_n if_o the_o heir_n do_v not_o as_o he_o be_v require_v cesty_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n have_v no_o remedy_n at_o all_o until_o about_o the_o time_n of_o augustus_n caesar_n there_o grow_v in_o custom_n a_o flatter_a form_n of_o trust_n for_o they_o pen_v it_o thus_o rogo_fw-la te_fw-la per_fw-la salutem_fw-la augusti_fw-la or_o per_fw-la fortunam_fw-la augusti_fw-la etc._n etc._n whereupon_o august_n we_o take_v the_o breach_n of_o trust_n to_o sound_n in_o derogation_n of_o himself_o and_o make_v a_o commission_n to_o the_o praetor_n to_o give_v remedy_n in_o such_o case_n whereupon_o within_o the_o space_n of_o a_o hundred_o year_n these_o trust_n do_v spring_n and_o speed_v so_o fast_o as_o they_o be_v force_v to_o have_v a_o particular_a chancellor_n only_o for_o use_n who_o be_v call_v praetor_n fidy_fw-la commissarius_fw-la and_o long_o after_o the_o inconvenience_n of_o they_o be_v find_v they_o resort_v unto_o a_o remedy_n much_o like_o unto_o this_o stature_n for_o by_o two_o decree_n of_o senate_n call_v senatus_fw-la consult_v frebesianum_fw-la et_fw-la pegasianum_fw-la they_o make_v cesty_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n to_o be_v heir_n in_o substance_n i_o have_v seek_v likewise_o whether_o there_o be_v any_o thing_n which_o make_v with_o they_o in_o our_o law_n and_o i_o find_v the_o persian_a chief_a baron_n in_o the_o argument_n of_o chudley_n case_n compare_v they_o to_o copyholder_n and_o apt_o for_o many_o respect_n first_o because_o a_o use_n seem_v to_o be_v a_o hereditament_n in_o the_o l._n court_n second_o this_o conceit_n of_o limitation_n have_v be_v troublesome_a in_o copyholder_n as_o well_o as_o in_o use_v for_o it_o have_v be_v of_o late_a day_n question_v whether_o there_o shall_v be_v tenancy_n by_o the_o courtesy_n discontinuance_n and_o recovery_n of_o copyholder_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o inheritance_n at_o the_o common_a law_n and_o still_o the_o judgement_n have_v weigh_v that_o you_o must_v have_v particular_a custom_n in_o copyhold_n as_o well_o as_o particular_a reason_n of_o conscience_n in_o use_n and_o the_o limitation_n recite_v and_o three_o because_o they_o both_o grow_v to_o no_o remedy_n at_o all_o against_o the_o lord_n and_o be_v as_o tenancy_n at_o will_n afterwards_o it_o grow_v to_o have_v remedy_n in_o chancery_n and_o afterwards_o against_o their_o lord_n by_o trespass_n at_o the_o common-law_n and_o now_o last_o the_o law_n be_v take_v by_o some_o that_o they_o have_v remedy_n by_o ejectione_fw-la firma_fw-la without_o a_o special_a custom_n of_o lease_v do_v no_o doubt_n in_o use_n at_o the_o first_o the_o chancery_n make_v question_n to_o give_v remedy_n until_o use_n grow_v more_o general_a and_o the_o chancery_n more_o eminent_a and_o then_o they_o grow_v to_o have_v remedy_n in_o conscience_n but_o they_o can_v never_o obtain_v any_o manner_n of_o remedy_n at_o the_o common_a law_n neither_o against_o the_o feoffee_n nor_o against_o stranger_n but_o the_o remedy_n against_o the_o feoffee_n be_v best_a by_o subpoena_n and_o the_o remedy_n against_o sttanger_n to_o the_o feoffee_n now_o for_o the_o case_n whereupon_o use_n be_v but_o in_o practice_n cook_n in_o his_o read_n do_v say_v well_o that_o they_o be_v produce_v sometime_o for_o fear_n and_o many_o time_n for_o fraud_n but_o i_o hold_v that_o neither_o of_o these_o case_n be_v so_o much_o the_o reason_n of_o use_n as_o another_o reason_n in_o the_o beginning_n which_o be_v that_o land_n by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n be_v not_o testamentary_a or_o deviseable_a and_o of_o late_a year_n since_o the_o statute_n the_o case_n of_o the_o conveyance_n for_o spare_v of_o purchase_n and_o execution_n of_o estate_n and_o now_o last_o of_o all_o express_a liberty_n of_o will_n in_o man_n mind_n affect_v to_o have_v the_o assurance_n of_o their_o estate_n and_o possession_n to_o be_v revokeable_a in_o their_o own_o time_n and_o irrevocable_a after_o their_o own_o time_n now_o for_o the_o commencement_n and_o proceed_n of_o they_o i_o have_v consider_v what_o it_o have_v be_v in_o course_n of_o common_a law_n and_o what_o it_o have_v be_v in_o course_n of_o statute_n for_o the_o common_a law_n the_o conceit_n of_o shelly_n in_o 24._o h._n 8._o and_o of_o polard_n in_o 27._o h_o 8._o seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v without_o ground_n which_o be_v that_o the_o use_n succeed_v the_o tenure_n for_o that_o the_o statute_n of_o quia_fw-la emptores_fw-la terrarum_fw-la which_o be_v make_v 18._o e._n 1._o have_v take_v away_o the_o tenure_n between_o the_o feoffer_n and_o the_o feoffce_n and_o leave_v it_o to_o the_o lord_n paramount_a they_o say_v that_o the_o feoffment_n be_v then_o mere_o without_o consideration_n shall_v therefore_o intend_v a_o use_n to_o the_o feoffer_n which_o can_v be_v for_o by_o that_o reason_n if_o the_o feoffment_n before_o the_o statute_n have_v be_v make_v tenendum_fw-la de_fw-la capitalibus_fw-la dominis_fw-la as_o it_o must_v be_v there_o shall_v have_v be_v a_o use_n unto_o the_o feoffer_n before_o that_o statute_n and_o again_o if_o a_o grant_n have_v be_v make_v of_o such_o thing_n as_o consist_v not_o in_o tenure_n as_o advowson_n rent_n villeins_n and_o the_o like_a there_o shall_v have_v be_v a_o use_n of_o they_o wherein_o the_o law_n be_v quite_o contrary_a for_o after_o the_o time_n that_o use_n grow_v common_a it_o be_v nevertheless_o a_o great_a doubt_n whether_o thing_n that_o do_v lie_v in_o grant_n do_v not_o carry_v a_o consideration_n in_o themselves_o because_o of_o the_o deed_n and_o therefore_o i_o do_v judge_v that_o the_o intendment_n of_o a_o use_n to_o the_o feoffer_n where_o the_o feoffment_n be_v make_v without_o consideration_n grow_v long_o after_o when_o use_n wax_v general_a and_o for_o this_o reason_n because_o when_o feoffment_n be_v make_v and_o that_o it_o rest_v doubtful_a whether_o it_o be_v in_o use_n or_o in_o purchase_n because_o purchase_n be_v thing_n notorious_a and_o use_n be_v thing_n secret_a the_o chancellor_n think_v it_o more_o convenient_a to_o put_v the_o purchasor_n to_o prove_v his_o consideration_n than_o the_o feoffer_n and_o his_o heir_n to_o prove_v the_o trust_n and_o so_o make_v the_o indentment_n towards_o the_o use_n and_o put_v the_o proof_n upon_o the_o purchasor_n and_o therefore_o as_o use_n be_v at_o the_o common_a law_n in_o reason_n for_o whatsoever_o be_v not_o by_o statute_n nor_o against_o law_n may_v be_v
before_o a_o day_n either_o purchase_n licence_n to_o amortise_n they_o or_o alien_n they_o to_o some_o other_o use_n or_o other_o feoffment_n to_o come_v they_o shall_v be_v within_o the_o statute_n of_o mortmayne_n 4._o hen._n 4._o cap._n 7._o the_o statute_n of_o 17._o richard_n 2._o be_v enlarge_v in_o the_o limitation_n of_o time_n for_o whereas_o the_o statute_n do_v limit_v the_o action_n to_o be_v bring_v within_o the_o year_n of_o the_o feoffment_n this_o statute_n in_o case_n of_o a_o disseisin_n extend_v the_o time_n to_o the_o life_n of_o the_o disseisor_n and_o in_o all_o other_o action_n leave_v it_o to_o the_o year_n from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o action_n grow_v 11._o henry_n 6._o cap._n 3._o that_o statute_n of_o 4._o henry_n 4_o be_v declare_v because_o the_o conceit_n be_v upon_o the_o statute_n that_o in_o case_n of_o disseisin_n the_o limitation_n of_o the_o life_n of_o the_o disseisor_n go_v only_o to_o the_o assize_n of_o non_fw-fr et_fw-fr disseisin_n and_o to_o no_o other_o action_n and_o therefore_o that_o statute_n declare_v the_o former_a law_n to_o extend_v to_o all_o other_o action_n ground_v upon_o novel_a disseisin_n 11._o henry_n 6._o cap._n 5._o a_o statute_n be_v make_v for_o relief_n of_o he_o in_o remainder_n against_o particular_a tenant_n for_o life_n or_o year_n that_o assign_v over_o their_o estate_n and_o take_v the_o profit_n and_o then_o commit_v waste_n against_o they_o therefore_o this_o statute_n give_v a_o action_n of_o waste_n be_v provisor_n of_o the_o profit_n in_o all_o this_o course_n of_o statute_n no_o relief_n be_v give_v to_o purchaser_n that_o come_v in_o by_o the_o party_n but_o to_o such_o as_o come_v in_o by_o law_n as_o defendant_n in_o praecipe_n whether_o they_o be_v creditor_n disseisor_n or_o lessor_n and_o that_o only_o of_o mortmayne_n and_o note_v also_o that_o they_o be_v all_o in_o case_n of_o special_a convenous_a intent_n as_o to_o defeat_v execution_n tenancy_n to_o the_o praecipe_n and_o the_o statute_n of_o mortmayne_n as_o provisor_n from_o 11._o henry_n 6._o to_o 1._o r._n 3._o be_v the_o space_n of_o fifty_o year_n there_o be_v a_o silence_n of_o use_v in_o the_o statute_n book_n which_o be_v at_o that_o time_n when_o no_o question_n they_o be_v favour_v most_o in_o 1._o richard_n 3._o cap._n 1._o come_v the_o great_a statute_n for_o relief_n of_o those_o that_o come_v in_o by_o the_o party_n and_o at_o that_o time_n a_o use_n appear_v in_o his_o likeness_n for_o there_o be_v not_o a_o word_n speak_v of_o take_v the_o profit_n to_o describe_v a_o use_n by_o but_o of_o claim_v to_o a_o use_n and_o this_o statute_n ordain_v that_o all_o gift_n feoffment_n grant_n etc._n etc._n shall_v be_v good_a against_o the_o feoffor_n dower_n and_o grantor_n and_o all_o other_o person_n claim_v only_o to_o their_o use_n so_o as_o here_o the_o purchasor_n be_v full_o relieve_v and_o cesty_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n be_v obiter_fw-la enable_v to_o charge_v his_o feoffee_n because_o there_o be_v no_o word_n in_o the_o statute_n of_o feoffment_n grant_n etc._n etc._n upon_o good_a consideration_n but_o general_o in_o henry_n 7._o time_n new_a statute_n be_v make_v for_o further_a help_n and_o remedy_n to_o those_o that_o come_v in_o by_o act_n in_o law_n as_o first_o 11._o henry_n 7._o cap._n 1._o a_o formedon_n be_v give_v without_o limitation_n of_o time_n against_o cesty_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n and_o obiter_fw-la because_o they_o make_v he_o a_o tenent_n they_o give_v he_o advantage_n of_o a_o tenant_n as_o of_o age_n and_o voucher_n quaere_fw-la 4._o henry_n 7._o 17._o the_o ward-ship_n of_o the_o heir_n of_o cesty_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n be_v die_v and_o no_o will_n declare_v be_v give_v to_o the_o lord_n as_o if_o he_o have_v die_v seize_v in_o demean_v and_o action_n of_o waste_n give_v to_o the_o heir_n against_o the_o guardian_n and_o damage_n if_o the_o lord_n be_v bar_v in_o his_o writ_n of_o ward_n and_o relief_n be_v likewise_o give_v unto_o the_o lord_n if_o the_o heir_n hold_v the_o knight_n service_n be_v of_o full_a age_n 19_o henry_n 7._o cap._n 5._o there_o be_v relief_n give_v in_o three_o case_n first_o to_o the_o creditor_n upon_o matter_n of_o record_n as_o upon_o recognizance_n statute_n or_o judgement_n whereof_o the_o two_o former_a be_v not_o aid_v at_o all_o by_o any_o statute_n and_o the_o last_o be_v aid_v by_o a_o statute_n of_o 50._o e._n 3._o and_o 2._o richard_n 2._o only_a in_o case_n of_o sanctuary_n man_n second_o to_o the_o lord_n in_o foccage_n for_o their_o relief_n and_o herriot_n upon_o death_n which_o be_v omit_v in_o the_o 4._o henry_n 7._o and_o last_o to_o the_o lord_n of_o villeyns_n upon_o a_o purchase_n of_o their_o villeyns_n in_o use_n 13._o henry_n 8._o cap._n 10._o a_o further_a remedy_n be_v give_v in_o a_o case_n like_v unto_o the_o case_n of_o mortmayne_n for_o in_o the_o statute_n of_o 15._o richard_n 2._o remedy_n be_v give_v where_o the_o use_n come_v ad_fw-la manum_fw-la mortuam_fw-la which_o be_v when_o it_o come_v to_o some_o corporation_n now_o when_o use_n be_v limit_v to_o a_o thing_n act_n or_o work_v and_o to_o a_o body_n as_o to_o the_o reparation_n of_o a_o church_n or_o a_o abbot_n or_o to_o a_o guild_n or_o fraternity_n as_o be_v only_o in_o reputation_n but_o not_o incorporate_v as_o to_o parish_n or_o such_o guild_n or_o fraternity_n as_o be_v only_o in_o reputation_n but_o not_o incorporate_v that_o case_n be_v omit_v which_o by_o this_o statute_n be_v remedy_v not_o by_o way_n of_o give_v entry_n unto_o the_o lord_n but_o by_o way_n of_o make_v the_o use_n utter_o void_a neither_o do_v the_o statute_n express_v to_o who_o benefit_n the_o use_n shall_v be_v make_v void_a either_o the_o feoffor_n or_o feoffee_n but_o leave_v it_o to_o law_n and_o add_v a_o proviso_n that_o use_n may_v be_v limit_v twenty_o year_n from_o the_o gift_n and_o no_o long_o this_o be_v the_o whole_a course_n of_o statute_n law_n before_o this_o statute_n touch_v use_n thus_o have_v i_o set_v forth_o unto_o you_o the_o nature_n and_o definition_n of_o a_o use_n the_o difference_n and_o trust_n of_o a_o use_n and_o the_o part_n and_o quality_n of_o it_o and_o by_o what_o rule_n and_o terming_n use_n shall_v be_v guide_v and_o order_v by_o a_o precedent_n of_o they_o in_o our_o law_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o spring_n and_o spread_v of_o use_n the_o continuance_n of_o they_o and_o the_o proceed_n that_o they_o have_v have_v both_o in_o common_a law_n and_o statute_n law_n whereby_o it_o may_v appear_v that_o a_o use_n be_v no_o more_o but_o a_o general_a trust_n when_o any_o one_o will_v trust_v the_o conscience_n of_o another_o better_a than_o his_o own_o estate_n and_o possession_n which_o be_v accident_n or_o event_n of_o human_a society_n which_o have_v be_v and_o will_v be_v in_o all_o law_n and_o therefore_o be_v at_o the_o common_a law_n which_o be_v common_a reason_n fitz_n herbert_n say_v in_o the_o 14._o henry_n 8._o common_a reason_n be_v common_a law_n 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law_n it_o put_v in_o precise_o this_o word_n other_o mean_v the_o divide_a use_n and_o not_o the_o commune_a use_n and_o this_o cause_v the_o clause_n of_o joint_a feoffee_n to_o follow_v in_o a_o branch_n by_o itself_o for_o else_o that_o case_n have_v be_v doubtful_a upon_o this_o word_n other_o the_o word_n that_o be_v common_a to_o both_o be_v word_n express_v the_o conveyance_n whereby_o the_o use_n arise_v of_o which_o word_n those_o that_o breed_v any_o question_n be_v agreement_n will_n otherwise_o whereby_o some_o have_v infer_v that_o use_n may_v be_v raise_v by_o agreement_n paroll_fw-la so_o there_o be_v a_o consideration_n of_o money_n or_o other_o matter_n valuable_a for_o it_o be_v express_v in_o the_o word_n before_o bargain_n sale_n and_o contract_n but_o of_o blood_n or_o lin_z the_o error_n of_o which_o collection_n appear_v in_o the_o word_n immediate_o follow_v s._n will_n whereby_o they_o may_v aswell_o include_v that_o a_o man_n seize_v of_o land_n may_v raise_v 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of_o and_o at_o the_o word_n remainder_n and_o reverture_n it_o stopp_v it_o add_v not_o word_n right_o title_n or_o possibility_n nor_o it_o have_v not_o general_a word_n or_o otherwise_o it_o be_v most_o plain_a that_o the_o statute_n mean_v to_o execute_v no_o inferior_a use_n to_o remainder_n or_o reverture_n that_o be_v to_o say_v no_o possibility_n or_o contingence_n but_o estate_n only_o such_o as_o the_o feoffee_n may_v have_v execute_v by_o conscience_n make_v note_v also_o the_o very_a letter_n of_o the_o statute_n do_v take_v notice_n of_o a_o difference_n between_o a_o use_n in_o remainder_n and_o a_o use_n in_o reverture_n which_o though_o it_o can_v proper_o because_o it_o do_v not_o depend_v upon_o particular_a estate_n as_o remainder_n do_v neither_o do_v then_o before_o the_o statute_n draw_v any_o tenure_n as_o reversion_n do_v yet_o the_o statute_n intend_v that_o there_o be_v a_o difference_n when_o the_o particular_a use_n and_o the_o use_v limit_v upon_o the_o particular_a use_n be_v both_o new_a use_n in_o which_o case_n it_o be_v a_o use_n in_o remainder_n and_o where_o the_o particular_a use_n be_v a_o new_a use_n and_o the_o remnant_n of_o the_o use_n be_v the_o old_a use_n in_o which_o case_n it_o be_v a_o use_n in_o reverter_n the_o next_o material_a word_n be_v from_o henceforth_o which_o do_v exclude_v all_o conceit_n of_o relation_n that_o cesty_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n shall_v not_o come_v in_o as_o from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o first_o feoffment_n to_o use_v as_o bradnells_n conceit_n be_v in_o 14._o henry_n 8._o that_o be_v the_o feoffee_n have_v grant_v a_o rent_n charge_n and_o cesty_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n have_v make_v a_o feoffment_n in_o fee_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o 1._o richard_n 3._o the_o feoffee_n shall_v have_v hold_v it_o discharge_v because_o the_o act_n of_o cesty_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n shall_v put_v the_o feoffee_n in_fw-la as_o if_o cesty_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n have_v be_v seize_v in_o from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o first_o use_v limit_v and_o therefore_o the_o statute_n do_v take_v away_o all_o such_o ambiguity_n and_o express_v that_o cesty_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n shall_v be_v in_o possession_n from_o henceforth_o that_o be_v from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o parliament_n for_o use_n then_o in_o be_v and_o from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o execution_n for_o use_n limit_v after_o the_o parliament_n the_o three_o material_a word_n be_v lawful_a seisin_n state_n and_o possession_n not_o a_o possession_n in_o law_n only_o but_o a_o seisin_n in_o tail_n not_o a_o title_n to_o enter_v into_o the_o land_n but_o a_o actual_a estate_n the_o four_o word_n be_v of_o and_o in_o such_o estate_n as_o they_o have_v in_o the_o use_n that_o be_v to_o say_v little_a estate_n fee-simple_n fee_n tail_n life_n for_o year_n at_o will_n and_o possession_n and_o reversion_n which_o be_v the_o substantial_a difference_n of_o estate_n as_o be_v say_v before_o but_o both_o their_o latter_a clause_n be_v more_o full_o perfect_v and_o expound_v by_o the_o branch_n of_o the_o fiction_n of_o the_o statute_n which_o follow_v this_o branch_n of_o fiction_n have_v three_o material_a word_n or_o clause_n the_o first_o material_a clause_n be_v that_o the_o estate_n right_o title_n and_o possession_n that_o be_v in_o such_o person_n etc._n etc._n shall_v be_v in_o cesty_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n for_o that_o the_o matter_n and_o substance_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o cesty_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n be_v the_o estate_n of_o the_o feoffee_n and_o more_o he_o can_v have_v so_o as_o if_o the_o use_n be_v limit_v to_o cesty_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n and_o his_o heir_n and_o the_o estate_n out_o of_o which_o it_o be_v limit_v be_v but_o a_o estate_n for_o life_n cesty_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n can_v have_v no_o inheritance_n so_o if_o when_o the_o statute_n come_v the_o heir_n of_o the_o feoffee_n have_v not_o enter_v after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o ancestor_n but_o have_v only_o a_o possession_n in_o law_n cesty_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n in_o that_o case_n shall_v not_o bring_v a_o assize_n before_o entry_n because_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o feoffee_n can_v not_o so_o that_o the_o matter_n whereupon_o the_o use_n must_v work_v be_v the_o feoffee_n estate_n but_o note_v here_o whereas_o before_o when_o the_o statute_n speak_v of_o the_o use_n it_o speak_v only_o of_o use_n in_o possession_n remainder_n and_o treverter_n but_o not_o in_o title_n or_o right_n now_o when_o the_o statute_n speak_v what_o shall_v be_v take_v from_o the_o feoffee_n it_o speak_v of_o title_n and_o right_n so_o that_o the_o statute_n take_v more_o from_o the_o feoffee_n than_o it_o execute_v present_o in_o case_n where_o there_o be_v use_n in_o contingence_n which_o be_v but_o title_n the_o second_o word_n be_v clear_o which_o seem_v proper_o and_o direct_o to_o meet_v with_o the_o conceit_n of_o scintilla_fw-la iuris_fw-la as_o
their_o regress_n in_o case_n that_o it_o be_v of_o another_o feoffment_n then_o that_o whereupon_o the_o statute_n have_v wrought_v but_o upon_o the_o same_o feoffment_n as_o if_o the_o feoffee_n before_o the_o statute_n have_v be_v diseise_v and_o the_o disseise_v have_v make_v a_o feoffment_n in_o fee_n to_o i._n d._n his_o use_n and_o then_o the_o statute_n come_v this_o execute_v the_o use_n of_o the_o second_o feoffment_n but_o the_o first_o feoffee_n may_v make_v a_o regress_n and_o they_o yet_o claim_v to_o a_o use_n but_o not_o by_o that_o feoffment_n upon_o which_o the_o statute_n have_v wrought_v now_o follow_v the_o three_o case_n of_o the_o statute_n touch_v execution_n of_o rent_n wherein_o the_o material_a word_n be_v four_o first_o whereas_o divers_a person_n be_v seize_v which_o have_v breed_v a_o doubt_n that_o it_o shall_v only_o go_v to_o rent_n in_o use_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o statute_n but_o it_o be_v explain_v in_o the_o clause_n follow_v s_o as_o if_o a_o grant_n have_v be_v make_v to_o they_o by_o such_o as_o be_v or_o shall_v be_v seize_v the_o second_o word_n be_v profit_n for_o in_o the_o put_n of_o the_o case_n the_o statute_n speak_v of_o a_o rent_n but_o after_o in_o the_o purview_n be_v add_v these_o word_n or_o profit_n the_o three_o word_n be_v ac_fw-la si_fw-la s_o that_o they_o shall_v have_v the_o s_o as_o if_o a_o sufficient_a grant_n or_o lawful_a conveyance_n have_v be_v make_v and_o make_v unto_o they_o the_o four_o word_n be_v the_o word_n of_o liberty_n and_o remedy_n attend_v upon_o such_o rent_n s_o that_o he_o shall_v distrain_v etc._n etc._n and_o have_v such_o suit_n entry_n and_o remedy_n rely_v again_o with_o a_o ac_fw-la si_fw-la as_o if_o the_o grant_n have_v be_v make_v with_o such_o collateral_a penalty_n and_o advantage_n now_o for_o the_o proviso_n the_o maker_n of_o this_o law_n do_v so_o abound_v with_o policy_n and_o discern_a as_o they_o do_v not_o only_o foresee_v such_o mischief_n as_o be_v incident_a to_o this_o new_a law_n immediate_o but_o likewise_o such_o as_o be_v consequent_a in_o a_o remote_a degree_n and_o therefore_o beside_o the_o express_a proviso_n they_o do_v add_v three_o new_a proviso_n which_o be_v in_o themselves_o substractive_a law_n for_o foresee_v that_o by_o the_o execution_n of_o use_n will_v former_o make_v shall_v be_v overthrow_v they_o make_v a_o ordinance_n for_o will_n foresee_v likewise_o that_o by_o execution_n of_o use_n woman_n shall_v be_v double_o advance_v they_o make_v a_o ordinance_n for_o dower_n and_o jointure_n foresee_v again_o that_o the_o execution_n of_o use_n will_v make_v franktenement_n pass_v by_o contract_n paroll_fw-fr they_o make_v a_o ordinance_n for_o enrolment_n of_o bargain_n and_o sale_n the_o two_o former_a they_o insert_v into_o this_o law_n and_o the_o three_o they_o distinguish_v into_o a_o law_n apart_o but_o without_o any_o preamble_n as_o may_v appear_v be_v but_o a_o proviso_n to_o this_o statute_n beside_o all_o these_o provisional_a law_n and_o beside_o five_o provisor_n whereof_o three_o attend_v upon_o the_o law_n of_o jointure_n and_o two_o bear_v in_o wales_n which_o be_v not_o material_a to_o the_o purpose_n in_o hand_n there_o be_v six_o proviso_n which_o be_v natural_a and_o true_a member_n and_o limb_n of_o the_o statute_n whereof_o four_o concern_v the_o part_n of_o cesty_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n and_o two_o concern_v the_o part_n of_o the_o feoffee_n the_o sour_a which_o concern_v the_o part_n of_o cesty_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n tend_v all_o to_o save_v he_o from_o prejudice_n by_o the_o execution_n of_o the_o estate_n the_o first_o save_v he_o from_o the_o extinguishment_n of_o any_o statute_n or_o recognizance_n as_o if_o a_o man_n have_v a_o extent_n of_o a_o hundred_o acre_n and_o a_o use_n of_o the_o inheritance_n of_o one_o now_o the_o statute_n execute_v the_o possession_n to_o that_o one_o will_v have_v extinguish_v his_o extent_n be_v entire_a in_o all_o the_o rest_n or_o as_o if_o the_o commissioner_n of_o a_o statute_n have_v ten_o acre_n liable_a to_o the_o statute_n have_v make_v a_o feoffment_n in_o fce_n to_o a_o stranger_n of_o two_o and_o after_o have_v make_v a_o feoffment_n in_o fce_n to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o conuzec_fw-la and_o his_o heir_n and_o upon_o this_o proviso_n there_o arise_v three_o question_n first_o whether_o this_o proviso_n be_v not_o superfluous_a in_o regard_n that_o cesty_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n be_v comprehend_v in_o the_o general_a save_v though_o the_o feoffee_n be_v exclude_v second_o whether_o this_o proviso_n do_v save_o statute_n or_o execution_n with_o a_o apportionment_n and_o entire_a three_o because_o it_o be_v pen_v indefinitive_o in_o point_n of_o time_n whether_o it_o shall_v go_v to_o use_v limit_v after_o the_o statute_n as_o well_o as_o to_o those_o that_o be_v in_o be_v all_o the_o time_n of_o the_o statute_n which_o doubt_n be_v rather_o enforce_v by_o this_o reason_n because_o there_o be_v for_o use_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o statute_n for_o that_o the_o execution_n of_o the_o statute_n may_v be_v waive_v but_o both_o possession_n and_o use_n since_o the_o statute_n may_v be_v waive_v the_o second_o proviso_n save_v cesty_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n from_o the_o charge_n of_o primer_n seisin_n livery_n ouster_n le_fw-fr maines_z and_o such_o other_o duty_n to_o the_o king_n with_o a_o express_a limitation_n of_o time_n that_o he_o shall_v be_v discharge_v for_o the_o time_n past_a and_o charge_v for_o the_o time_n to_o come_v in_o a_o king_n s_o may_n 1536._o to_o be_v communis_fw-la terminus_fw-la the_o three_o proviso_n do_v the_o like_a for_o fine_n relief_n and_o herriot_n discharge_v they_o for_o the_o time_n past_a and_o speak_v nothing_o of_o the_o time_n to_o come_v the_o four_o proviso_n give_v to_o cesty_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n all_o collateral_a benefit_n of_o voucher_n aid_n prier_n action_n of_o waste_n trespass_n condition_n break_v and_o which_o the_o feoffee_n may_v have_v have_v and_o this_o be_v express_o limit_v for_o estate_n execute_v before_o 1._o may_n 1536._o and_o this_o proviso_n give_v occasion_n to_o intend_v that_o none_o of_o these_o benefit_n will_v have_v be_v carry_v to_o cesty_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n by_o the_o general_a word_n in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o law_n s_o that_o the_o feoffee_n estate_n right_a title_n and_o possession_n etc._n etc._n for_o the_o two_o proviso_n on_o the_o part_n of_o the_o tertenant_n they_o both_o concern_v the_o save_n of_o stranger_n from_o prejudice_n etc._n etc._n the_o first_o save_v action_n depend_v against_o the_o feoffee_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o abate_v the_o second_o save_v wardship_n livery_n and_o ouster_n le_fw-fr maines_z whereof_o title_n be_v vest_v in_o regard_n of_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o feoffee_n and_o this_o in_o case_n of_o the_o king_n only_o what_o person_n may_v be_v seize_v to_o a_o use_n and_o what_o not_o what_o person_n may_v be_v cesty_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n and_o what_o not_o what_o person_n may_v declare_v a_o use_n and_o what_o not_o though_o i_o have_v open_v the_o statute_n in_o order_n of_o word_n yet_o i_o will_v make_v my_o division_n in_o order_n of_o matter_n viz._n 1._o the_o raise_n of_o use_n 2._o the_o interruption_n of_o use_v 3._o the_o execute_n of_o use_v again_o the_o raise_n of_o use_n do_v easy_o divide_v itself_o into_o three_o part_n the_o person_n that_o be_v actor_n to_o the_o conveyance_n to_o use_v the_o use_n itself_o the_o form_n of_o the_o conveyance_n then_o it_o be_v first_o to_o be_v see_v what_o person_n may_v be_v seize_v to_o a_o use_n and_o what_o not_o and_o what_o person_n may_v be_v cesty_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n and_o what_o not_o the_o king_n can_v be_v seize_v to_o a_o use_n no_o not_o where_o he_o take_v in_o his_o natural_a body_n and_o to_o some_o purpose_n as_o a_o common_a person_n and_o therefore_o if_o land_n be_v give_v to_o the_o king_n and_o i._n d._n per_fw-la term_n de_fw-fr lour_v vie_v this_o use_n be_v void_a for_o a_o moiety_n like_o law_n be_v if_o the_o king_n be_v seize_v of_o land_n in_o the_o right_a of_o his_o duchy_n of_o lancaster_n and_o covenant_v by_o his_o letter_n patent_n under_o the_o duchy_n seal_n to_o stand_v seize_v to_o the_o use_n of_o his_o son_n nothing_o pass_v like_o law_n if_o king_n r._n 3._o who_o be_v feoster_n to_o divers_a use_n before_o he_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o crown_n have_v after_o he_o be_v king_n by_o his_o letter_n patent_n grant_v the_o land_n over_o the_o use_n have_v not_o be_v renew_v the_o queen_n speak_v not_o of_o a_o imperial_a queen_n by_o marriage_n can_v be_v seize_v to_o a_o use_n though_o she_o be_v a_o body_n enable_v to_o grant_v and_o purchase_v without_o the_o king_n yet_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o government_n