the_o trial_n and_o condemnation_n of_o capt._n thomas_n uaughan_n for_o high_a treason_n in_o adhere_v to_o the_o french-king_n and_o for_o endeavour_v the_o destruction_n of_o his_o majesty_n ship_n in_o the_o north_n who_o upon_o full_a evidence_n be_v find_v guilty_a at_o the_o sessions-house_n in_o the_o old-bailey_n on_o the_o 6_o the_o of_o novemb_n 1696._o with_o all_o the_o learned_a argument_n of_o the_o king_n be_v and_o prisoner_n council_n both_o of_o the_o civil_a and_o common_a law_n upon_o the_o new_a act_n of_o parliament_n for_o regulate_a trial_n in_o case_n of_o high_a treason_n peruse_v by_o sir_n charles_n hedges_n judge_n of_o the_o high_a court_n of_o admiralty_n the_o lord_n chief_a justice_n holt_n the_o lord_n chief_a justice_n treby_n and_o the_o council_n present_v at_o the_o trial_n to_o which_o be_v add_v captain_n vaughan_n commission_n at_o large_a which_o he_o have_v from_o the_o french-king_n as_o also_o a_o account_n of_o the_o trial_n of_o john_n murphey_n for_o high_a treason_n london_n print_v for_o john_n everingham_n at_o the_o star_n near_o the_o west-end_n of_o st._n paul_n 1697._o die_fw-la sabbati_fw-la tricesimo_fw-la primo_fw-la octobris_fw-la annoque_fw-la regni_fw-la regis_fw-la willielmi_n octavo_fw-la annoque_fw-la domini_fw-la 1696._o the_o court_n be_v sit_v at_o which_o be_v present_a sir_n charles_n hedges_n judge_n of_o the_o high_a court_n of_o admiralty_n the_o lord_n chief_a justice_n holt_n the_o lord_n chief_a justice_n treby_n the_o lord_n chief_a baron_n ward_n mr._n justice_n turton_n and_o other_o of_o his_o majesty_n commissioner_n the_o court_n proceed_v on_o this_o manner_n cl._n of_o arr._n make_v proclamation_n cryer_n o_o yes_o o_o yes_o o_o yes_o all_o manner_n of_o person_n that_o have_v any_o thing_n more_o to_o do_v etc._n etc._n and_o be_v adjourn_v to_o this_o hour_n draw_v near_o and_o give_v your_o attendance_n god_n save_v the_o king_n then_o the_o grand_a jury_n be_v call_v over_o and_o the_o appearance_n mark_v and_o witness_n be_v swear_v in_o court_n to_o give_v evidence_n to_o they_o against_o thomas_n vaughan_n they_o withdraw_v to_o hear_v the_o fame_n then_o the_o keeper_n of_o newgate_n be_v order_v to_o bring_v his_o prisoner_n thomas_n vaughan_n to_o the_o bar._n which_o he_o do_v cl._n of_o arr._n tho._n vaughan_n hold_v up_o thy_o hand_n which_o he_o do_v thou_o stand_v indict_v etc._n etc._n how_o say_v thou_o tho._n vaughan_n be_v thou_o guilty_a of_o the_o high_a treason_n whereof_o thou_o stand_v indict_v or_o not_o guilty_a t._n vaughan_n not_o guilty_a cl._n of_o arr._n culprit_fw-fr how_o will_v thou_o be_v try_v t._n vaughan_n by_o god_n and_o this_o country_n cl._n of_o arr._n god_n send_v thou_o a_o good_a deliverance_n and_o then_o the_o court_n proceed_v to_o the_o trial_n of_o the_o pirate_n and_o give_v notice_n to_o mr._n vaughan_n to_o prepare_v for_o his_o trial_n on_o friday_n next_o the_o 6_o of_o november_n 1696._o die_v veneris_n sexto_fw-la novembris_fw-la annoque_fw-la regni_fw-la regis_fw-la willielmi_n octavo_fw-la annoque_fw-la domini_fw-la 1696._o cl._n of_o arr._n cryer_n make_v proclamation_n cryer_n o_o yes_o o_o yes_o o_o yes_o all_o manner_n of_o person_n that_o have_v any_o thing_n more_o to_o do_v at_o this_o session_n of_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n adjourn_v over_o to_o this_o day_n draw_v near_o and_o give_v your_o attendance_n and_o you_o sheriff_n of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n return_v the_o precept_n to_o you_o direct_v upon_o pain_n and_o peril_n which_o will_v fall_v thereupon_o then_o the_o under_o sheriff_n return_v the_o precept_n cl._n of_o arr._n make_v proclamation_n cryer_n o_o yes_o you_o good_a man_n of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n summon_v to_o appear_v here_o this_o day_n to_o try_v between_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n and_o the_o prisoner_n at_o the_o bar_n answer_v to_o your_o name_n as_o you_o shall_v be_v call_v every_o one_o at_o the_o first_o call_v and_o save_v your_o issue_n the_o whole_a panel_n be_v call_v over_o and_o the_o appearance_n of_o those_o that_o answer_v record_v and_o the_o defaulter_n be_v again_o call_v over_o mr._n phipps_n will_v your_o lordship_n please_v to_o order_n that_o two_o man_n may_v be_v bring_v from_o the_o marshalsea_n in_o behalf_n of_o the_o prisoner_n l._n c._n j._n holt._n you_o shall_v have_v a_o order_n then_o the_o court_n go_v on_o the_o trial_n of_o the_o six_o pirate_n and_o after_o the_o trial_n be_v over_o tho._n vaughan_n be_v call_v to_o the_o barr._n t._n vaughan_n my_o lord_n my_o iron_n be_v very_o uneasy_a to_o i_o i_o desire_v they_o may_v be_v take_v off_o l._n c._n j._n holt._n ay_o ay_o take_v they_o off_o mr._n phipps_n if_o your_o lordship_n please_v we_o have_v some_o doubt_n as_o to_o the_o indictment_n l._n c._n j._n holt._n if_o you_o have_v any_o exception_n you_o ought_v to_o have_v make_v they_o before_o the_o prisoner_n plead_v to_o it_o mr._n phipps_n i_o think_v you_o have_v allow_v it_o my_o lord_n in_o former_a case_n l._n c._n j._n holt._n no_o we_o do_v not_o allow_v it_o as_o of_o right_a due_a to_o the_o prisoner_n the_o exception_n shall_v have_v be_v make_v before_o the_o plea_n you_o be_v indulge_v in_o be_v hear_v at_o first_o in_o the_o case_n of_o rookwood_n cranburne_n and_o lowick_n but_o it_o be_v not_o the_o intent_n of_o the_o act_n to_o alter_v the_o method_n of_o the_o proceed_v and_o so_o upon_o consideration_n have_v it_o be_v determine_v the_o prisoner_n have_v time_n give_v by_o the_o act_n to_o make_v any_o exception_n to_o the_o indictment_n before_o he_o plead_v but_o you_o may_v move_v what_o you_o will_v afterward_o in_o arrest_n of_o judgement_n if_o it_o be_v material_a cl._n of_o arr._n thomas_n vaughan_n those_o man_n that_o you_o shall_v hear_v call_v and_o personal_o appear_v be_v to_o pass_v between_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n and_o you_o upon_o trial_n of_o your_o life_n and_o death_n if_o therefore_o you_o will_v challenge_v they_o or_o any_o of_o they_o your_o time_n be_v to_o speak_v unto_o they_o as_o they_o come_v to_o the_o book_n to_o be_v swear_v before_o they_o be_v swear_v mr._n phipps_n there_o be_v one_o man_n here_o that_o desire_v to_o be_v excuse_v because_o he_o be_v on_o the_o grand_a jury_n therefore_o it_o seem_v there_o be_v some_o return_v upon_o this_o jury_n that_o be_v on_o the_o grand_a jury_n which_o i_o think_v ought_v not_o to_o be_v l._n c._n i_o holt._n challenge_v they_o then_o mr._n phipps_n we_o do_v not_o know_v the_o men._n then_o the_o panel_n be_v call_v over_o and_o a_o great_a many_o challenge_n make_v and_o the_o twelve_o man_n that_o be_v swear_v be_v these_o fd._n leeds_n caleb_n hook_n nath._n green_n joceline_n roberts_n hen._n sherbrook_n tho._n parker_n jo._n sherbrook_n peter_n grace_n tho._n emms._n roger_n poston_n peter_n parker_n woolley_n cl._n of_o arr._n cryer_n make_v proclamation_n cryer_n o_o yes_o if_o any_o one_o can_v inform_v my_o lord_n the_o king_n justice_n the_o king_n sergeant_n the_o king_n attorney_n general_n the_o king_n advocate_n in_o his_o high_a court_n of_o admiralty_n before_o this_o inquest_n be_v take_v of_o the_o high_a treason_n whereof_o thomas_n vaughan_n the_o prisoner_n at_o the_o bar_n stand_v indict_v let_v they_o come_v forth_o and_o they_o shall_v be_v hear_v for_o now_o the_o prisoner_n at_o the_o bar_n stand_v upon_o his_o deliverance_n and_o all_o other_o that_o be_v bind_v by_o recognizance_n to_o give_v evidence_n against_o the_o prisoner_n at_o the_o bar_n let_v they_o come_v forth_o and_o give_v their_o evidence_n or_o else_o they_o forfeit_v their_o recognizance_n cl._n of_o arr._n tho._n vaughan_n hold_v up_o thy_o hand_n which_o he_o do_v you_o that_o be_v swear_v look_v upon_o the_o prisoner_n and_o hearken_v to_o his_o cause_n he_o stand_v indict_v by_o the_o name_n of_o thomas_n vaughan_n whereas_o that_o before_o and_o until_o the_o 8_o day_n of_o july_n in_o the_o seven_o year_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n king_n william_n the_o three_o there_o be_v open_a war_n between_o our_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n and_o lewis_z the_o french_a king_n and_o that_o the_o say_a war_n continue_v on_o the_o say_v 8_o day_n of_o july_n in_o the_o seven_o year_n aforesaid_a and_o do_v still_o continue_v and_o that_o for_o all_o the_o time_n aforesaid_a the_o say_a lewisthe_n french_a king_n and_o his_o subject_n be_v and_o at_o present_a be_v enemy_n of_o our_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n that_o now_o be_v and_o that_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o say_a war_n and_o before_o the_o say_v 8_o day_n of_o july_n in_o the_o seven_o year_n aforesaid_a the_o say_a lewis_n the_o french_a king_n set_v out_o among_o other_o a_o certain_a small_a ship_n of_o warr_n call_v the_o loyal_a clencarty_n
of_o which_o thomas_n vaughan_n a_o subject_a of_o our_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n that_o now_o be_v be_v commander_n with_o several_a french_a subject_n enemy_n of_o our_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n to_o the_o number_n of_o 15_o person_n in_o a_o warlike_a manner_n to_o take_v and_o destroy_v the_o ship_n good_n and_o money_n of_o our_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n and_o his_o subject_n and_o against_o our_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n to_o wage_v war_n upon_o the_o high-sea_n within_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiralty_n of_o england_n and_o that_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o say_a war_n between_o our_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n and_o the_o aforesaid_a lewis_n the_o french_a king_n tho._n vaughan_n late_o of_o galloway_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o ireland_n marriner_n be_v a_o subject_a of_o our_o say_v now_o lord_n the_o king_n as_o a_o false_a rebel_n against_o the_o say_a king_n his_o supreme_a lord_n and_o not_o have_v the_o fear_n of_o god_n before_o his_o eye_n nor_o consider_v the_o duty_n of_o his_o allegiance_n but_o be_v move_v and_o seduce_v by_o the_o instigation_n of_o the_o devil_n and_o altogether_o withdraw_v the_o cordial_a love_n and_o true_a and_o due_a obedience_n which_o every_o true_a and_o faithful_a subject_n of_o our_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n oughts_z by_o law_n to_o have_v towards_o the_o say_a king_n and_o the_o say_a war_n as_o much_o as_o in_o he_o lay_v against_o our_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n design_v and_o intend_v to_o prosecute_v and_o assist_v the_o say_v tho._n vaughan_n on_o the_o say_v 8_o day_n of_o july_n in_o the_o say_v seven_o year_n of_o the_o king_n be_v a_o soldier_n aboard_o the_o say_a ship_n of_o warr_n call_v the_o loyal_a clencarty_n in_o the_o service_n of_o the_o say_v lewis_n the_o french_a king_n and_o be_v then_o on_o the_o high-sea_n within_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiralty_n of_o england_n about_o fourteen_o league_n from_o deal_n do_v then_o and_o there_o by_o force_n and_o arm_n false_o malicious_o wicked_o and_o traitorous_o aid_n help_v and_o assist_v the_o enemy_n of_o our_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n in_o the_o ship_n of_o war_n call_v the_o loyal_a clencarty_n and_o afterward_o the_o say_a thomas_n vaughan_n in_o the_o execution_n and_o performance_n of_o his_o say_a aid_v help_v and_o assist_v malicious_o false_o and_o traitorous_o sail_v a_o cruise_n to_o several_a maratime_n place_n within_o the_o jurisdiction_n aforesaid_a by_o force_n and_o arm_n to_o take_v the_o ship_n good_n and_o money_n of_o our_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n and_o his_o subject_n against_o the_o duty_n of_o his_o allegiance_n the_o peace_n of_o our_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n and_o also_o against_o a_o statute_n in_o that_o case_n make_v and_o provide_v and_o the_o say_a juror_n for_o our_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n upon_o their_o say_a oath_n far_o represent_v that_o the_o aforesaid_a thomas_n vaughan_n as_o a_o false_a traitor_n against_o our_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n further_o desinging_a practise_v and_o with_o his_o whole_a strength_n intend_v the_o common_a peace_n and_o tranquillity_n of_o this_o kingdom_n of_o england_n to_o disturb_v and_o war_n and_o rebellion_n against_o the_o say_a king_n upon_o the_o high-sea_n within_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiralty_n of_o england_n to_o move_v stir_v up_o and_o procure_v and_o the_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n from_o the_o title_n honour_n royal_a name_n and_o imperial_a crown_n of_o his_o kingdom_n of_o england_n and_o dominion_n upon_o the_o high-sea_n to_o depose_v and_o deprive_v and_o miserable_a slaughter_n of_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n of_o this_o kingdom_n of_o england_n upon_o the_o high-sea_n and_o within_o the_o jurisdiction_n aforesaid_a to_o cause_n and_o procure_v on_o the_o say_v 8_o day_n of_o july_n in_o the_o say_v seven_o year_n of_o the_o king_n upon_o the_o high-sea_n about_o fourteen_o league_n from_o deal_n and_o within_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n and_o within_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiralty_n of_o england_n aforesaid_a false_o malicious_o devilish_o and_o treacherous_o by_o force_n and_o arm_n with_o divers_a other_o false_a rebel_n and_o traitor_n to_o the_o juror_n unknown_a war_n against_o our_o say_v now_o lord_n the_o king_n prepared_z promote_v levy_v and_o wage_v and_o that_o the_o say_v thomas_n vaughan_n in_o performance_n of_o his_o say_a war_n and_o rebellion_n then_o and_o there_o by_o force_n and_o arm_n malicious_o wicked_o and_o open_o assemble_v and_o join_v himself_o with_o several_a other_o false_a traitor_n and_o rebel_n to_o the_o juror_n unknown_a to_o the_o number_n of_o fifteen_o person_n be_v arm_v and_o provide_v in_o a_o warlike_a manner_n with_o gun_n and_o other_o arm_n as_o well_o offensive_a as_o defensive_a and_o the_o say_v thomas_n vaughan_n then_o and_o there_o be_v aboard_o the_o say_a ship_n of_o war_n call_v the_o loyal_a clencarty_n assemble_v with_o the_o other_o false_a rebel_n and_o traitor_n as_o aforesaid_a malicious_o wicked_o and_o traitorous_o sail_v a_o cruise_n to_o several_a maritime_a place_n with_o the_o aforesaid_a ship_n of_o war_n call_v the_o loyal_a clencarty_n with_o a_o intent_n to_o take_v spoil_n and_o carry_v away_o the_o ship_n good_n and_o money_n of_o our_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n and_o his_o subject_n by_o force_n and_o arm_n upon_o the_o high_a and_o open_a sea_n within_o the_o jurisdiction_n aforesaid_a against_o the_o duty_n of_o his_o allegiance_n the_o peace_n of_o our_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n his_o crown_n and_o dignity_n and_o likewise_o against_o the_o form_n of_o a_o statute_n in_o this_o case_n make_v and_o provide_v thomas_n noden_o samuel_n oldham_n juror_n upon_o this_o indictment_n he_o have_v be_v arraign_v and_o upon_o his_o arraignment_n he_o have_v plead_v not_o guilty_a and_o for_o his_o trial_n he_o have_v put_v himself_o upon_o god_n and_o his_o country_n which_o country_n you_o be_v your_o charge_n be_v to_o inquire_v whether_o he_o be_v guilty_a of_o the_o high_a treason_n whereof_o he_o stand_v indict_v or_o not_o guilty_a if_o you_o find_v he_o guilty_a you_o be_v to_o inquire_v what_o good_n or_o chattel_n land_n or_o tenement_n he_o have_v at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o high_a treason_n commit_v or_o at_o any_o time_n since_o if_o you_o find_v he_o not_o guilty_a you_o be_v to_o inquire_v whether_o he_o flee_v for_o it_o if_o you_o find_v that_o he_o flee_v for_o it_o you_o be_v to_o inquire_v of_o his_o good_n and_o chattel_n as_o if_o you_o have_v find_v he_o guilty_a if_o you_o find_v he_o not_o guilty_a nor_o that_o he_o do_v fly_v for_o it_o you_o be_v to_o say_v so_o and_o no_o more_o and_o hear_v your_o evidence_n mr._n whitaker_n may_v it_o please_v you_o my_o lord_n and_o you_o gentleman_n of_o the_o jury_n the_o prisoner_n at_o the_o bar_n thomas_n vaughan_n stand_v indict_v for_o high_a treason_n that_o whereas_o on_o the_o 9_o the_o of_o july_n there_o be_v a_o war_n between_o his_o majesty_n the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o lewis_z the_o french_a king_n among_o other_o warlike_a preparation_n that_o the_o french_a king_n do_v make_v he_o do_v set_v forth_o a_o ship_n call_v the_o loyal_a clencarty_n that_o the_o prisoner_n at_o the_o bar_n as_o a_o false_a traitor_n do_v listen_v himself_o aboard_o this_o ship_n and_o on_o the_o high-sea_n about_o eleven_o league_n from_o deal_n do_v traitorous_o aid_v the_o king_n enemy_n to_o take_v the_o king_n ship_n this_o be_v say_v to_o be_v against_o the_o duty_n of_o his_o allegiance_n and_o the_o peace_n of_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n his_o crown_n and_o dignity_n he_o stand_v further_a indict_v for_o that_o he_o the_o say_a thomas_n vaughan_n with_o several_a other_o false_a traitor_n do_v levy_v war_n and_o arm_v themselves_o with_o arm_n offensive_a and_o defensive_a and_o be_v cruise_v on_o the_o high-sea_n off_o of_o deal_n with_o a_o intent_n to_o take_v the_o king_n ship_n and_o to_o kill_v and_o destroy_v the_o king_n subject_n against_o the_o duty_n of_o his_o allegiance_n and_o the_o peace_n of_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n his_o crown_n and_o dignity_n to_o this_o indictment_n he_o have_v plead_v not_o guilty_a we_o shall_v call_v our_o witness_n and_o prove_v the_o fact_n and_o doubt_v not_o but_o you_o will_v do_v your_o duty_n dr._n littleton_n gentleman_n of_o the_o jury_n you_o have_v hear_v the_o indictment_n open_v and_o also_o what_o sort_n of_o crime_n the_o prisoner_n at_o the_o bar_n stand_v charge_v with_o viz._n that_o he_o be_v a_o subject_a of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n have_v together_o with_o his_o accomplice_n arm_v himself_o in_o a_o military_a way_n to_o murder_n and_o destroy_v his_o fellow-subject_n and_o as_o much_o as_o in_o he_o lay_v to_o ruin_v
irish_a man_n and_o bear_v in_o galloway_n he_o have_v often_o discourse_v with_o he_o about_o his_o country_n and_o he_o tell_v he_o that_o he_o be_v a_o irish_a man_n and_o bear_v at_o galloway_n then_o you_o hear_v what_o a_o letter_n be_v produce_v write_v to_o cray_n when_o he_o be_v to_o come_v upon_o his_o trial_n he_o mention_n what_o his_o defence_n be_v and_o that_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o any_o can_v do_v he_o any_o harm_n but_o he_o and_o two_o more_o cray_n swear_v it_o be_v his_o hand_n that_o he_o have_v see_v he_o write_v and_o he_o believe_v it_o be_v his_o hand_n then_o there_o be_v a_o gentleman_n mr._n rivet_n that_o come_v here_o by_o chance_n who_o be_v a_o galloway_n man_n he_o say_v he_o know_v the_o prisoner_n father_n who_o be_v repute_v to_o come_v thither_o about_o the_o time_n of_o the_o rebellion_n in_o ireland_n in_o 1641._o and_o live_v at_o galloway_n and_o that_o this_o prisoner_n mr._n vaughan_n be_v his_o son_n and_o he_o know_v he_o of_o a_o child_n be_v well_o acquaint_v with_o he_o live_v hard_o by_o he_o remember_v he_o a_o apprentice_n in_o galloway_n and_o tell_v you_o to_o who_o and_o say_v he_o be_v sure_a this_o be_v the_o very_a man_n and_o that_o he_o see_v the_o prisoner_n in_o 1691_o about_o the_o time_n of_o the_o reduction_n of_o galloway_n and_o he_o be_v confident_a that_o the_o prisoner_n be_v the_o son_n of_o john_n vaughan_n at_o galloway_n and_o he_o give_v you_o a_o particular_a account_n of_o he_o and_o his_o family_n viz._n of_o the_o reputation_n and_o manner_n of_o live_v of_o his_o father_n and_o what_o other_o brother_n he_o have_v so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o objection_n against_o his_o credit_n and_o it_o be_v hard_o to_o believe_v since_o he_o be_v so_o positive_a and_o circumstantial_a that_o he_o can_v be_v mistake_v but_o the_o prisoner_n and_o his_o council_n have_v endeavour_v to_o answer_v all_o this_o evidence_n and_o first_o they_o have_v call_v cray_n brother_n to_o prove_v that_o he_o be_v a_o ill_a man_n for_o that_o he_o come_v into_o this_o town_n where_o his_o brother_n live_v who_o subsist_v he_o and_o take_v he_o to_o his_o house_n and_o one_o day_n when_o he_o and_o his_o wife_n go_v abroad_o he_o make_v bold_a with_o some_o of_o his_o money_n but_o they_o think_v the_o maid_n have_v it_o and_o he_o charge_v she_o with_o it_o but_o to_o his_o satisfaction_n it_o do_v afterward_o appear_v that_o david_n have_v it_o then_o there_o be_v another_o christopher_z hyden_n christopher_n cray_n servant_n who_o say_v he_o hear_v d._n cray_n say_v he_o be_v force_v to_o be_v a_o evidence_n against_o vaughan_n to_o save_v himself_o and_o that_o he_o use_v to_o threaten_v his_o brother_n that_o if_o he_o will_v not_o give_v he_o more_o money_n he_o will_v swear_v against_o he_o bryan_n say_v much_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n these_o be_v produce_v to_o take_v off_o the_o credit_n of_o d._n cray_n testimony_n but_o than_o gentleman_n as_o to_o the_o place_n of_o the_o prisoner_n birth_n two_o other_o witness_n be_v produce_v to_o give_v you_o satisfaction_n that_o this_o capt._n vaughan_n be_v not_o the_o son_n of_o that_o mr._n wughan_n of_o galloway_n who_o evidence_n i_o will_v open_v to_o you_o and_o then_o you_o will_v see_v how_o coherent_a they_o be_v in_o their_o testimony_n the_o first_o be_v creighton_n a_o shoemaker_n he_o say_v he_o know_v thomas_n vaughan_n the_o son_n of_o john_n vaughan_n of_o galloway_n about_o ten_o year_n since_o he_o be_v a_o galloway_n man_n breed_v and_o live_v the_o next_o door_n to_o john_n vaughan_n that_o have_v a_o son_n thomas_n he_o say_v he_o have_v be_v here_o about_o ten_o year_n in_o england_n he_o say_v he_o think_v that_o thomas_n vaughan_n the_o son_n of_o john_n vaughan_n be_v about_o the_o age_n of_o fifteen_o year_n but_o that_o this_o prisoner_n be_v not_o he_o for_o that_o thomas_n vaughan_n be_v disfigure_v with_o the_o smallpox_n he_o remember_v he_o well_o he_o have_v reason_n for_o it_o for_o he_o once_o baste_v he_o sound_o and_o that_o he_o go_v away_o from_o galloway_n when_o he_o be_v about_o fifteen_o year_n of_o age_n and_o be_v report_v to_o be_v dead_a and_o if_o it_o be_v so_o this_o prisoner_n can_v be_v the_o person_n the_o other_o witness_n be_v as_o positive_a as_o creighton_n for_o he_o say_v he_o know_v this_o john_n vaughan_n of_o galloway_n and_o his_o son_n thomas_n and_o that_o thomas_n vaughan_n son_n of_o john_n vaughan_n die_v about_o ten_o year_n since_o of_o the_o smallpox_n so_o that_o they_o have_v find_v two_o thomas_n vaughan_n one_o tell_v you_o of_o one_o that_o be_v fifteen_o year_n old_a and_o be_v disfigure_v with_o the_o smallpox_n and_o the_o other_o tell_v you_o of_o thomas_n vaughan_n who_o die_v of_o the_o smallpox_n when_o he_o be_v ten_o year_n of_o age._n you_o be_v therefore_o to_o consider_v the_o evidence_n on_o both_o side_n the_o question_n principal_o be_v whether_o the_o prisoner_n be_v a_o subject_a of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n if_o you_o be_v satisfy_v that_o he_o be_v not_o a_o english_a subject_n but_o a_o french_a man_n than_o he_o be_v not_o guilty_a of_o this_o high-treason_n but_o if_o you_o be_v satisfy_v by_o the_o series_n of_o the_o whole_a evidence_n that_o he_o be_v a_o irish_a man_n and_o that_o he_o have_v a_o commission_n from_o the_o french_a king_n and_o that_o he_o cruize_v upon_o our_o english_a coast_n in_o company_n with_o the_o king_n enemy_n with_o a_o design_n to_o take_v burn_v or_o destroy_v any_o of_o the_o king_n be_v or_o his_o subject_n ship_n you_o be_v to_o find_v he_o guilty_a of_o high-treason_n whereof_o he_o stand_v indict_v otherwise_o you_o be_v to_o acquit_v he_o cl._n of_o arr._n swear_v a_o officer_n to_o keep_v the_o jury_n which_o be_v do_v after_o a_o short_a stay_n the_o jury_n return_v into_o court_n and_o give_v in_o their_o verdict_n cl._n of_o arr._n gentleman_n answer_v to_o your_o name_n e._n leeds_n mr._n leeds_n here._n cryer_n vous_fw-fr avez_fw-fr and_o so_o of_o the_o rest_n cl._n of_o arr._n gentleman_n be_v you_o all_o agree_v of_o your_o verdict_n jury_n yes_o cl._n of_o arr._n who_o shall_v say_v for_o you_o jury_n our_o foreman_n cl._n of_o arr._n thomas_n vaughan_n hold_v up_o thy_o hand_n which_o he_o do_v look_v upon_o the_o prisoner_n how_o say_v you_o be_v he_o guilty_a of_o the_o high-treason_n whereof_o he_o stand_v indict_v or_o not_o guilty_a foreman_n guilty_a cl._n of_o arr._n what_o good_n or_o chattel_n land_n or_o tenement_n have_v he_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o treason_n commit_v foreman_n none_o to_o our_o knowledge_n cl._n of_o arr._n then_o harken_v to_o your_o verdict_n as_o the_o court_n have_v record_v it_o you_o say_v that_o thomas_n vaughan_n be_v guilty_a of_o the_o high-treason_n whereof_o he_o stand_v indict_v but_o that_o he_o have_v no_o good_n or_o chattel_n land_n or_o tenement_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o high-treason_n commit_v or_o at_o any_o time_n since_o to_o your_o knowledge_n and_o so_o you_o say_v all_o jury_n yes_o tho._n vaughan_n my_o lord_n let_v i_o beg_v one_o favour_n that_o i_o may_v be_v use_v like_o a_o gentleman_n that_o i_o may_v be_v send_v to_o a_o chamber_n and_o not_o to_o a_o dungeon_n and_o that_o my_o friend_n may_v come_v to_o i_o l._n c._n j._n holt._n captain_n vaughan_n they_o say_v you_o once_o make_v a_o escape_n and_o therefore_o the_o keeper_n must_v keep_v you_o with_o humanity_n but_o with_o all_o security_n tho._n vaughan_n i_o desire_v that_o i_o may_v be_v keep_v like_o a_o christian._n l._n c._n j._n holt._n the_o keeper_n must_v do_v his_o duty_n cl._n of_o arr._n thomas_n vaughan_n hold_v up_o thy_o hand_n which_o he_o do_v thou_o stand_v convict_v of_o high-treason_n against_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n what_o have_v thou_o to_o say_v for_o thyself_o why_o judgement_n shall_v not_o pass_v against_o thou_o to_o die_v according_a to_o the_o law_n tho._n vaughan_n i_o be_o altogether_o a_o stranger_n to_o the_o law_n my_o lord_n i_o refer_v myself_o to_o my_o council_n l._n c._n j._n holt._n well_o than_o you_o refer_v yourself_o to_o your_o council_n you_o have_v have_v a_o fair_a trial_n and_o have_v no_o reason_n to_o complain_v of_o it_o if_o your_o council_n have_v any_o thing_n to_o say_v in_o arrest_n of_o judgement_n they_o shall_v be_v hear_v mr._n phipps_n my_o lord_n the_o indictment_n have_v two_o sort_n of_o treason_n lay_v in_o it_o the_o one_o for_o adhere_v to_o the_o king_n enemy_n the_o other_o levy_v of_o war_n and_o with_o submission_n i_o take_v it_o that_o the_o first_o be_v not_o well_o lay_v for_o it_o say_v that_o the_o prisoner_n do_v adhere_v
crouch_n from_o calais_n in_o france_n l._n c._n j._n holt._n prithee_o hear_v i_o this_o two-and-twenty-oar-barge_n do_v it_o belong_v to_o any_o other_o ship_n r._n crouch_n no_o not_o that_o i_o can_v tell_v l._n c._n j._n holt._n do_v he_o call_v that_o vessel_n the_o loyal_a clancarty_n r._n crouch_n yes_o my_o lord_n then_o edmund_n courtney_n be_v call_v mr._n sol._n gen._n mr._n courtney_n pray_v tell_v my_o lord_n and_o the_o jury_n what_o you_o know_v of_o the_o go_v away_o of_o a_o customhouse_n boat_n ed._n courtney_n i_o will_v tell_v you_o if_o you_o please_v mr._n phipps_n my_o lord_n i_o think_v they_o ought_v not_o to_o examine_v to_o that_o because_o it_o be_v not_o lay_v in_o the_o indictment_n the_o carry_v away_o of_o the_o customhouse_n barge_n be_v not_o mention_v in_o the_o indictment_n and_o by_o the_o new_a act_n for_o regulate_a trial_n in_o case_n of_o treason_n no_o evidence_n be_v to_o be_v admit_v or_o give_v of_o any_o overt-act_n that_o be_v not_o express_o lay_v in_o the_o indictment_n l._n c._n j._n holt._n nothing_o else_o suppose_v a_o man_n be_v indict_v for_o levy_v war_n against_o the_o king_n or_o adhere_v to_o the_o king_n enemy_n can_v they_o prove_v any_o act_n that_o make_v out_o a_o levy_v of_o war_n or_o a_o adherence_n to_o the_o king_n enemy_n mr._n phipps_n with_o submission_n not_o by_o that_o act_n my_o lord_n unless_o it_o be_v lay_v in_o the_o indictment_n l._n c._n j._n holt._n levy_v of_o war_n be_v the_o treason_n may_v they_o not_o prove_v that_o levy_v of_o war_n without_o be_v confine_v to_o any_o special_a or_o particular_a act_n mr._n phipps_n with_o submission_n by_o the_o 25_o of_o edw._n the_o 3_o d._n levy_v of_o war_n as_o well_o as_o imagine_v the_o death_n of_o the_o king_n must_v have_v the_o overt_a act_n that_o be_v to_o prove_v it_o express_v in_o the_o indictment_n l._n c._n j._n holt._n levy_v of_o war_n be_v a_o overt-act_n mr._n sol._n gen._n the_o business_n of_o overtact_n be_v where_o the_o compass_v and_o imagine_v the_o king_n death_n be_v the_o crime_n and_o question_n and_o this_o must_v be_v discover_v by_o overtact_n but_o if_o the_o treason_n be_v falsify_v of_o the_o king_n money_n this_o be_v treason_n but_o there_o can_v be_v no_o overt-act_n of_o that_o for_o that_o be_v a_o overt-act_n itself_o but_o there_o must_v be_v a_o overt-act_n to_o prove_v the_o compass_v and_o imagine_v the_o death_n of_o the_o king_n and_o in_o no_o other_o sort_n of_o treason_n l._n c._n j._n holt._n levy_v of_o war_n that_o be_v a_o overt-act_n so_o be_v adhere_v to_o the_o king_n enemy_n now_o compass_v and_o imagine_v the_o death_n of_o the_o king_n be_v not_o a_o overt-act_n in_o itself_o but_o be_v a_o secret_a imagination_n in_o the_o mind_n and_o a_o purpose_n in_o the_o heart_n but_o there_o must_v be_v external_a act_n to_o discover_v that_o imagination_n and_o purpose_n mr._n phipps_n what_o be_v the_o meaning_n of_o the_o new_a act_n then_o that_o there_o shall_v be_v no_o evidence_n of_o any_o overt-act_n but_o what_o be_v lay_v in_o the_o indictment_n l._n c._n j._n holt._n what_o overtact_n be_v there_o in_o clip_v and_o coin_v mr._n phipps_n that_o be_v not_o within_o the_o new_a act_n of_o parliament_n l._n c._n j._n holt._n that_o be_v most_o true_a the_o one_o be_v except_v the_o other_o be_v not_o comprehend_v but_o the_o question_n be_v upon_o the_o statute_n of_o 25._o edw._n 3_o d._n to_o which_o the_o late_a act_n do_v refer_v now_o prove_v the_o adherence_n to_o the_o king_n enemy_n be_v prove_v a_o overt-act_n suppose_v it_o be_v the_o kill_n of_o the_o chancellor_n or_o treasurer_n or_o judge_n in_o the_o execution_n of_o his_o office_n what_o overtact_n will_v you_o have_v then_o adhere_v to_o the_o king_n enemy_n be_v a_o treason_n that_o consist_v in_o do_v a_o overt-act_n mr._n phipps_n yes_o my_o lord_n i_o take_v it_o that_o it_o be_v for_o the_o new_a act_n by_o say_v that_o no_o evidence_n shall_v be_v admit_v of_o any_o overt-act_n that_o be_v not_o express_o lay_v in_o the_o indictment_n must_v be_v intend_v of_o such_o treason_n of_o which_o by_o law_n overtact_n ought_v to_o be_v lay_v now_o the_o kill_v the_o chancellor_n or_o treasurer_n or_o judge_n in_o the_o execution_n of_o his_o office_n be_v not_o such_o treason_n of_o which_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o lay_v any_o overtact_n in_o the_o indictment_n and_o so_o not_o within_o the_o meaning_n of_o this_o new_a law_n but_o levy_v war_n and_o adhere_v to_o the_o king_n enemy_n which_o be_v the_o treason_n in_o this_o indictment_n must_v by_o the_o express_a purview_n of_o the_o 25_o the_o of_o edw._n 3._o be_v prove_v by_o overtact_n which_o be_v to_o be_v allege_v in_o the_o indictment_n mr._n sol._n gen._n the_o new_a act_n do_v not_o alter_v the_o law_n in_o this_o particular_a what_o be_v law_n before_o be_v law_n now_o it_o leave_v the_o overtact_n as_o they_o be_v before_o and_o it_o say_v not_o that_o a_o overt-act_n need_v to_o be_v express_v where_o it_o be_v not_o needful_a before_o now_o if_o a_o man_n be_v indict_v for_o compass_v the_o death_n of_o a_o private_a person_n there_o ought_v to_o be_v some_o overt-act_n to_o prove_v his_o design_n but_o if_o there_o be_v a_o indictment_n for_o murder_n there_o need_v no_o other_o overt-act_n to_o prove_v it_o but_o the_o murder_n itself_o l._n c._n j._n holt._n but_o the_o force_n of_o the_o objection_n lie_v in_o this_o viz._n to_o say_v a_o man_n levy_v war_n or_o adhere_v to_o the_o king_n enemy_n be_v no_o good_a indictment_n but_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o allege_v in_o what_o manner_n he_o levy_v war_n or_o adhere_v to_o the_o king_n enemy_n as_o that_o he_o appear_v in_o such_o a_o warlike_a manner_n or_o do_v adhere_v to_o and_o assist_v the_o king_n enemy_n by_o join_v force_n with_o they_o or_o otherwise_o assist_v they_o or_o confederate_v with_o they_o that_o must_v be_v specify_v but_o if_o you_o indict_v a_o man_n general_o for_o adhere_v to_o the_o king_n enemy_n and_o not_o say_v how_o and_o in_o what_o manner_n he_o do_v adhere_v to_o they_o that_o be_v not_o a_o good_a indictment_n therefore_o if_o you_o particularize_v what_o enemy_n and_o how_o and_o in_o what_o manner_n he_o adhere_v to_o they_o no_o evidence_n can_v be_v give_v of_o any_o other_o kind_n of_o adherence_n but_o that_o which_o be_v so_o specify_v in_o the_o indictment_n mr._n sol._n gen._n then_o we_o must_v put_v all_o our_o evidence_n into_o the_o indictment_n mr._n phipps_n so_o you_o must_v as_o to_o the_o overtact_n mr._n sol._n gen._n that_o will_v be_v the_o same_o thing_n as_o to_o put_v in_o all_o our_o evidence_n if_o we_o must_v give_v evidence_n of_o no_o overt-act_n but_o what_o be_v express_v in_o the_o indictment_n but_o i_o do_v not_o take_v it_o that_o the_o act_n require_v all_o overtact_n to_o be_v put_v in_o the_o indictment_n mr._n phipps_n the_o act_n say_v so_o suppose_v you_o have_v leave_v out_o the_o overt-act_n will_v the_o indictment_n have_v be_v good_a mr._n sol._n gen._n we_o do_v not_o intend_v to_o put_v in_o all_o the_o over-act_n but_o only_o what_o relate_v to_o that_o part_n of_o the_o treason_n mr._n phipps_n the_o treason_n must_v be_v prove_v by_o overtact_n and_o the_o overtact_n that_o prove_v the_o treason_n must_v be_v mention_v in_o the_o indictment_n mr._n sol._n gen._n what_o the_o overtact_n of_o the_o treason_n beforementioned_a as_o counterfeit_v the_o king_n money_n and_o the_o like_a be_v all_o to_o be_v mention_v l._n c._n j._n holt._n consider_v if_o you_o can_v make_v that_o a_o good_a indictment_n to_o say_v that_o the_o prisoner_n adhere_v to_o the_o king_n enemy_n without_o mention_v any_o overtact_n to_o manifest_v such_o a_o adherence_n than_o your_o answer_n to_o mr._n phipps_n be_v full_a but_o if_o it_o be_v not_o a_o good_a indictment_n without_o allege_v particular_a act_n of_o adherence_n than_o it_o necessary_o follow_v that_o if_o particular_n be_v allege_v and_o you_o do_v not_o prove_v they_o as_o be_v allege_v you_o have_v fail_v in_o the_o indictment_n and_o so_o his_o objection_n will_v lie_v hard_a upon_o you_o mr._n sol._n gen._n my_o lord_n we_o frame_v our_o indictment_n according_a to_o the_o letter_n of_o the_o statute_n l._n c._n j._n holt._n in_o compass_v the_o death_n of_o the_o king_n you_o must_v show_v how_o that_o be_v manifest_v by_o the_o overtact_n mr._n sol._n gen._n but_o compass_v and_o imagine_v must_v be_v discover_v by_o some_o overtact_n l._n c._n j._n treby_n this_o be_v a_o doubt_n i_o have_v often_o think_v of_o i_o think_v it_o most_o natural_a that_o the_o word_n overt-act_n shall_v relate_v to_o
they_o to_o go_v and_o accept_v a_o commission_n and_o enter_v into_o their_o ship_n of_o war_n and_o list_v themselves_o and_o go_v out_o in_o order_n to_o destroy_v their_o fellow-subject_n and_o ruin_v the_o king_n ship_n these_o be_v act_n of_o a_o hostile_a nature_n and_o it_o this_o be_v not_o adhere_v etc._n etc._n it_o may_v as_o well_o be_v say_v that_o if_o the_o same_o person_n have_v make_v a_o attack_z upon_o our_o ship_n and_o miscarry_v in_o it_o that_o have_v not_o be_v so_o neither_o because_o that_o in_o a_o unprosperous_a attempt_n there_o be_v nothing_o do_v that_o give_v aid_n or_o comfort_n to_o the_o enemy_n and_o after_o this_o kind_n of_o reason_v they_o will_v not_o be_v guilty_a till_o they_o have_v success_n and_o if_o they_o have_v success_n enough_o it_o will_v be_v too_o late_o to_o question_v they_o mr._n phipps_n intend_v to_o levy_v war_n be_v not_o treason_n unless_o a_o war_n be_v actual_o levy_v l._n c._n j._n treby_n be_v it_o not_o actual_a levy_n of_o war_n if_o they_o actual_o provide_v arm_n and_o levy_v man_n and_o in_o a_o warlike_a manner_n set_v out_o and_o cruize_n and_o come_v with_o a_o design_n to_o destroy_v our_o ship_n mr._n phipps_n it_o will_v not_o be_v a_o actual_a levy_n of_o war_n unless_o they_o commit_v some_o act_n of_o hostility_n l._n c._n j._n holt._n yes_o indeed_o the_o go_v on_o board_n and_o be_v in_o a_o posture_n to_o attack_v the_o king_n ship_n as_o to_o the_o fault_n you_o find_v with_o the_o indictment_n there_o be_v a_o fault_n but_o not_o in_o point_n of_o law_n they_o may_v have_v lay_v it_o more_o general_o so_o as_o to_o have_v give_v more_o evidence_n mr._n bar._n powis_n however_o it_o be_v well_o enough_o but_o for_o you_o to_o say_v because_o they_o do_v not_o actual_o fight_v it_o be_v not_o a_o levy_n of_o war_n be_v it_o not_o plain_a what_o they_o do_v intend_v that_o they_o come_v with_o that_o intention_n that_o they_o come_v in_o that_o posture_n that_o they_o come_v arm_v and_o have_v gun_n and_o blunderbusy_n and_o surround_v the_o ship_n twice_o they_o come_v with_o a_o arm_a force_n that_o be_v a_o strong_a evidence_n of_o the_o design_n l._n c._n j._n holt._n you_o will_v make_v no_o act_n to_o be_v aid_v and_o assist_v but_o fight_v mr._n phipps_n then_o next_o i_o be_o in_o your_o lordship_n judgement_n whether_o the_o statute_n of_o 28_o of_o hen._n the_o 8_o the_o by_o which_o captain_n vaughan_n be_v try_v be_v in_o force_n and_o be_v not_o repeal_v by_o the_o first_o and_o second_o of_o philip_n and_o mary_n which_o say_v that_o all_o trial_n in_o case_n of_o treason_n shall_v be_v at_o the_o common-law_n now_o by_o the_o common-law_n before_o the_o statute_n 28_o hen._n 8._o treason_n do_v upon_o the_o sea_n be_v try_v before_o the_o admiral_n or_o his_o lieutenant_n and_o my_o lord_n coke_n in_o the_o 12_o rep._n in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o admiralty_n say_v the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiralty_n be_v by_o the_o common-law_n by_o the_o statute_n 33_o hen._n 8._o treason_n confess_v before_o three_o of_o the_o privy-council_n may_v be_v try_v in_o a_o foreign_a county_n but_o that_o statute_n be_v repeal_v by_o the_o statute_n 1_o and_o 2_o of_o philip_n and_o mary_n for_o by_o the_o statute_n 33_o hen._n 8._o c._n 4_o treason_n commit_v in_o trale_n may_v be_v try_v in_o what_o county_n the_o king_n will_v assign_v but_o since_o the_o statute_n of_o philip_n and_o mary_n it_o must_v be_v in_o the_o proper_a county_n so_o that_o we_o be_v in_o your_o lordship_n judgement_n whether_o the_o statute_n of_o 28_o hen._n 8._o be_v in_o force_n and_o whither_o since_o the_o statute_n of_o 1_o and_o 2_o philip_n and_o mary_n treason_n do_v upon_o the_o sea_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v try_v before_o the_o admiral_n or_o ancient_o at_o the_o common-law_n l._n c._n j._n holt._n this_o be_v treason_n by_o the_o common_a law_n and_o the_o trial_n be_v by_o the_o method_n of_o the_o common-law_n mr._n phipps_n it_o be_v true_a that_o my_o lord_n coke_n and_o other_o authority_n say_v that_o the_o statute_n 35_o hen._n 8._o for_o try_v treason_n commit_v beyond_o sea_n be_v not_o repeal_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o 1_o and_o 2_o philip_n and_o mary_n but_o they_o do_v not_o say_v that_o this_o statute_n be_v not_o repeal_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o philip_n and_o mary_n and_o the_o book_n be_v silent_a in_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o i_o propose_v this_o question_n for_o your_o lordship_n judgement_n l._n c._n j._n holt._n it_o be_v no_o more_o a_o question_n than_o the_o trial_n of_o foreign_a treason_n and_o then_o the_o determination_n of_o the_o trial_n upon_o the_o 35_o the_o determine_v the_o question_n upon_o this_o dr._n oldys_n we_o must_v have_v two_o witness_n by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o civil-law_n a_o extrajudicial_a say_n of_o a_o party_n may_v be_v retract_v by_o they_o at_o any_o time_n that_o be_v the_o civil-law_n and_o so_o there_o can_v be_v out_o one_o witness_n l._n c._n j._n holt._n that_o be_v not_o the_o law_n of_o england_n dr._n oldys_n i_o do_v humble_o conceive_v that_o the_o civil-law_n be_v not_o take_v away_o in_o this_o case_n for_o though_o the_o statute_n prescribe_v the_o form_n of_o proceed_n according_o to_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o common-law_n yet_o as_o to_o the_o crime_n and_o proof_n the_o civil-law_n be_v still_o in_o force_n and_o then_o the_o party_n may_v retract_v his_o confession_n in_o judgement_n much_o more_o any_o extrajudicial_a say_n mr._n whitaker_n you_o be_v arraign_v the_o verdict_n l._n c._n j._n holt._n that_o you_o shall_v have_v take_v notice_n of_o before_o the_o verdict_n be_v give_v but_o we_o think_v there_o be_v no_o danger_n in_o hear_v this_o objection_n because_o it_o be_v so_o easy_o answer_v how_o many_o witness_n be_v to_o the_o confession_n sir_n ch._n hedges_n we_o be_v not_o in_o a_o court_n that_o proceed_v according_a to_o the_o strict_a rule_n of_o the_o civil-law_n but_o if_o we_o be_v that_o law_n be_v not_o so_o absurd_a as_o to_o allow_v that_o a_o party_n may_v retract_v his_o confession_n at_o any_o time_n so_o as_o to_o make_v it_o have_v no_o effect_n dr._n oldys_n there_o must_v be_v two_o witness_n at_o any_o time_n sir_n ch._n hedges_n so_o there_o be_v here_o to_o the_o confession_n but_o you_o mistake_v if_o you_o think_v that_o every_o particular_a be_v to_o be_v prove_v strict_o as_o the_o civil_a law_n require_v for_o the_o end_n of_o the_o statute_n which_o direct_v the_o proceed_n of_o this_o court_n be_v to_o facilitate_v the_o method_n of_o make_v proof_n that_o be_v sound_a difficult_a by_o the_o course_n of_o the_o civil-law_n and_o therefore_o be_v that_o statute_n make_v as_o plain_o appear_v by_o the_o preamble_n thereof_o dr._n oldys_n there_o be_v a_o new_a statute_n that_o revive_v that_o statute_n again_o and_o that_o require_v two_o witness_n whereby_o it_o be_v reduce_v to_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o civil-law_n again_o l._n c._n j._n holt._n two_o witness_n there_o must_v be_v but_o then_o consider_v it_o be_v not_o necessary_a to_o have_v two_o to_o every_o individual_a overt-act_n for_o suppose_v there_o be_v two_o overt-act_n lay_v in_o the_o indictment_n for_o one_o species_n of_o treason_n compass_v and_o imagine_v the_o death_n of_o the_o king_n if_o there_o be_v one_o witness_v that_o he_o buy_v a_o dagger_n and_o say_v he_o will_v kill_v the_o king_n and_o he_o be_v see_v it_o may_v be_v go_v to_o the_o king_n bedchamber_n with_o the_o dagger_n another_o witness_n say_v he_o say_v he_o will_v kill_v the_o king_n with_o a_o pistol_n and_o buy_v a_o pistol_n and_o he_o stand_v wait_v to_o kill_v the_o king_n as_o he_o come_v by_o that_o be_v another_o overt-act_n of_o the_o same_o treason_n if_o one_o witness_v prove_v one_o and_o another_o witness_v prove_v the_o other_o this_o be_v sufficient_a proof_n with_o we_o dr._n oldys_n it_o be_v another_o question_n whether_o he_o be_v a_o subject_a l._n c._n j._n holt._n that_o be_v not_o a_o overt-act_n if_o there_o be_v one_o witness_v to_o that_o it_o be_v enough_o there_o need_v not_o two_o witness_n to_o prove_v he_o a_o subject_a but_o upon_o the_o trial_n there_o be_v above_o two_o witness_n to_o prove_v it_o there_o be_v crittenden_n the_o marshal_n of_o dover_n cray_n and_o rivet_n i_o must_v tell_v you_o as_o to_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o civil-law_n it_o be_v not_o universal_o receive_v in_o all_o country_n it_o be_v receive_v in_o several_a country_n as_o they_o find_v it_o convenient_a and_o not_o as_o obligatory_a in_o itself_o dr._n oldys_n yes_o in_o all_o place_n as_o to_z proof_n for_o it_o be_v the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o