action_n at_o the_o laird_n of_o garthlands_n instance_n contra_fw-la sir_n james_n ker_n upon_o this_o act_n of_o parliament_n do_v refuse_v to_o reduce_v a_o infeftment_n albeit_o a_o mere_a donation_n and_o make_v likewise_o by_o the_o grandfather_n to_o his_o own_o grandchild_n and_o that_o because_o the_o grant_a of_o the_o infeftment_n be_v neither_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o grant_v thereof_o bankrupt_a and_o non_fw-la solvendo_fw-la nor_o be_v he_o become_v such_o since_o neither_o have_v the_o creditor_n do_v diligence_n for_o his_o debt_n and_o yet_o it_o may_v have_v seem_v in_o reason_n that_o though_o disposition_n where_o there_o be_v a_o onerous_a cause_n may_v have_v be_v sustain_v there_o be_v no_o reason_n to_o allow_v the_o same_o privilege_n in_o favour_n of_o confident_a person_n for_o mere_a donation_n and_o upon_o the_o 10._o february_n 1665._o the_o lord_n louvre_n have_v quarrel_v the_o lady_n craig_n infeftment_n as_o be_v a_o additional_a jointure_n grant_v betwixt_o husband_n and_o wife_n to_o his_o prejudice_n who_o be_v a_o creditor_n and_o have_v comprise_v the_o estate_n it_o be_v answer_v that_o the_o disponer_n be_v neither_o bankrupt_a nor_o insolvendo_fw-la nor_o do_v the_o compriser_n sustain_v any_o prejudice_n see_v the_o lady_n be_v content_a that_o the_o lord_n louvre_n shall_v be_v prefer_v to_o his_o annualrent_n by_o virtue_n of_o his_o comprise_v provide_v he_o will_v assign_v the_o lady_n to_o his_o comprise_v pro_fw-la tanto_fw-la that_o she_o may_v recover_v as_o much_o for_o satisfaction_n of_o her_o additional_a jointure_n which_o answer_v the_o lord_n find_v relevant_a the_o appriser_n prejudice_n be_v purge_v as_o say_v be_v but_o they_o ordain_v the_o compriser_n not_o only_o to_o be_v admit_v to_o have_v access_n to_o the_o comprise_v land_n by_o assignation_n in_o manner_n foresaid_a during_o the_o legal_a but_o they_o likewise_o declare_v that_o if_o the_o lady_n redeem_v not_o within_o the_o legal_a the_o land_n shall_v be_v irredeemable_a and_o the_o lady_n shall_v be_v total_o exclude_v which_o though_o it_o be_v but_o a_o try_a interloquetor_n do_v confirm_v the_o former_a opinion_n and_o though_o it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o a_o disposition_n be_v once_o valid_a when_o it_o be_v first_o grant_v can_v become_v thereafter_o null_a by_o the_o disponer_n become_v thereafter_o insolvent_a yet_o this_o hold_v not_o in_o many_o case_n in_o our_o law_n for_o we_o find_v that_o disposition_n of_o less_o than_o the_o half_a of_o ward-land_n without_o consent_n of_o the_o superior_a become_v thereafter_o null_a if_o as_o much_o of_o that_o barony_n be_v thereafter_o dispone_v as_o will_v amout_v to_o more_o than_o the_o half_a but_o in_o my_o opinion_n though_o the_o rubric_n of_o our_o statute_n may_v found_v a_o presumptive_a argument_n for_o explicate_v the_o text_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o authoritative_a for_o the_o rubric_n be_v not_o read_v in_o parliament_n and_o it_o be_v add_v to_o the_o law_n after_o it_o be_v past_a careless_o without_o debate_n our_o sovereign_a lord_n with_o advice_n and_o consent_n of_o the_o estate_n the_o legislative_a power_n of_o scotland_n consist_v in_o the_o parliament_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o king_n and_o three_o estate_n of_o parliament_n and_o though_o some_o think_v it_o more_o proper_a in_o our_o law_n to_o say_v our_o sovereign_a lord_n and_o estate_n of_o parliament_n as_o in_o all_o the_o statute_n or_o act_n of_o the_o 18._o par._n ja_n 6_o then_o to_o say_v our_o sovereign_a lord_n with_o advice_n and_o consent_n etc._n etc._n yet_o i_o conceive_v the_o king_n statute_n and_o they_o but_o consent_n though_o their_o consent_n be_v necessary_a for_o his_o touch_v they_o with_o the_o sceptre_n and_o not_o the_o be_v vote_v make_v they_o law_n and_o in_o england_n the_o king_n statute_n with_o consent_n of_o parliament_n and_o upon_o their_o supplication_n and_o therefore_o i_o understand_v not_o craig_n who_o diagoras_n 8._o affirm_v statute_n to_o be_v constitutiones_fw-la trium_fw-la regni_fw-la ordinum_fw-la cum_fw-la consensu_fw-la principis_fw-la for_o that_o be_v just_a to_o invert_v the_o statutory_a word_n of_o this_o and_o many_o other_o acts._n our_o old_a act_n be_v all_o past_a the_o last_o day_n of_o the_o parliament_n do_v not_o express_v the_o statute_a power_n in_o every_o act_n for_o in_o effect_n they_o be_v all_o but_o branch_n of_o one_o act_n and_o run_v item_n that_o etc._n etc._n and_o many_o of_o these_o act_n bear_v it_o be_v statute_n by_o the_o parliament_n and_o the_o king_n forbid_v as_o acts._n 13._o 14._o 1_o par._n ja._n 1._o which_o intimat_n that_o though_o the_o parliament_n statute_n suffragando_fw-la &_o consentiendo_fw-la yet_o the_o king_n only_o do_v statute_n sanciendo_fw-la &_o prohibendo_fw-la sometime_o our_o act_n bear_v it_o be_v statute_n by_o the_o hail_n parliament_n and_o sometime_o it_o be_v statute_n and_o ordain_v without_o mention_v either_o king_n or_o parliament_n sometime_o also_o they_o bear_v the_o determination_n of_o parliament_n without_o speak_v of_o the_o king_n which_o be_v either_o where_o the_o king_n be_v to_o perform_v what_o be_v statute_v as_o 23._o act_n par._n 1._o ja._n 1._o it_o be_v statute_n and_o ordain_v that_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n shall_v gar_fw-mi mend_v his_o money_n and_o by_o the_o 6_o act_n 3_o par._n ja._n 2._o the_o estate_n have_v conclude_v that_o the_o king_n shall_v ride_v through_o the_o realm_n or_o else_o when_o the_o estate_n be_v only_o to_o grant_v what_o be_v statute_v as_o in_o commission_n grant_v for_o unite_n the_o two_o kingdom_n but_o i_o find_v one_o statute_n bear_v the_o king_n statute_v without_o mention_v the_o estate_n of_o parliament_n viz._n act_n 19_o sess._n 1._o par._n 1._o ch._n 2._o but_o this_o be_v but_o mere_a inadvertance_n ratify_v and_o confirm_v a_o act_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n etc._n etc._n this_o be_v original_o a_o act_n pass_v by_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n when_o they_o do_v sit_v judicial_o at_o which_o time_n it_o be_v mark_v in_o their_o book_n of_o sederunt_fw-la such_o and_o such_o man_n do_v sit_v thus_o the_o hebrew_n disign_v the_o book_n of_o the_o old_a testament_n by_o the_o first_o word_n and_o thus_o we_o still_o mark_v the_o law_n from_o the_o first_o word_n and_o thus_o the_o old_a book_n of_o our_o law_n be_v call_v regiam_fw-la majestatem_fw-la because_o they_o begin_v so_o his_o majesty_n at_o the_o first_o institution_n of_o the_o college_n of_o justice_n do_v allow_v the_o lord_n of_o session_n to_o conclude_v upon_o sick_a rule_n statute_n and_o ordinance_n as_o shall_v be_v think_v by_o they_o expedient_a to_o be_v observe_v and_o keep_v in_o their_o manner_n and_o order_n of_o proceed_v at_o all_o time_n as_o they_o devise_v conform_v to_o reason_n equity_n and_o justice_n his_o grace_n shall_v ratify_v and_o approve_v the_o same_o these_o be_v the_o word_n of_o the_o 43._o act_n 5._o par._n ja._n 5._o to_o the_o which_o act_n i_o think_v this_o act_n relate_v but_o it_o will_v appear_v both_o by_o that_o act_n and_o by_o the_o power_n as_o here_o repeat_v that_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n have_v only_a power_n to_o make_v order_n relate_v to_o the_o regulation_n of_o their_o own_o house_n and_o to_o the_o form_n of_o process_n for_o this_o be_v indeed_o necessary_a for_o explication_n of_o their_o jurisdiction_n and_o possible_o be_v employ_v in_o their_o very_a constitution_n without_o any_o express_a warrant_n arg_v l_o 2._o ff_n de_fw-fr jurisdict_n but_o it_o seem_v that_o this_o general_a power_n can_v authorise_v they_o to_o make_v statute_n and_o act_n relate_v to_o the_o material_a distribution_n of_o justice_n such_o as_o that_o all_o writ_n shall_v be_v null_a except_o subscribe_v before_o witness_n though_o they_o may_v have_v ordain_v that_o paper_n under_o the_o hand_n of_o their_o own_o clerk_n shall_v be_v so_o subscribe_v for_o if_o they_o can_v make_v statute_n as_o to_o any_o thing_n else_o beside_o the_o form_n of_o their_o own_o house_n there_o need_v no_o parliament_n for_o their_o statute_n may_v bind_v all_o the_o people_n in_o all_o thing_n and_o yet_o it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o by_o this_o argument_n the_o lord_n of_o session_n can_v not_o have_v make_v this_o law_n declare_v contract_n among_o the_o liege_n to_o be_v null_a that_o touch_v upon_o one_o of_o the_o fundamental_o of_o humane_a society_n albeit_o they_o may_v have_v declare_v such_o a_o nullity_n receiveable_a by_o way_n of_o exception_n for_o that_o concern_v only_o form_n of_o process_n but_o the_o answer_n to_o this_o be_v that_o the_o lord_n in_o make_v this_o act_n do_v not_o introduce_v jus_o novum_fw-la a_o new_a law_n but_o only_o adapt_v to_o our_o practice_n the_o old_a roman_a or_o civil_a law_n which_o they_o may_v have_v follow_v in_o their_o decision_n without_o make_v any_o new_a
a_o observation_n upon_o the_o 28._o act_n 23._o parl._n k._n james_n vi._n against_o disposition_n make_v in_o defraud_n of_o creditor_n etc._n etc._n by_o sir_n george_n m_o ckenzie_n of_o rosehaugh_n edinburgh_n print_v by_o his_o majesty_n printer_n anno_fw-la dom_fw-la 1675._o the_o preface_n the_o easy_a and_o plain_a part_n of_o our_o law_n be_v our_o statute_n for_o these_o be_v by_o print_v expose_v to_o all_o man_n view_n and_o be_v draw_v to_o instruct_v the_o vulgar_a in_o what_o they_o must_v obey_v and_o this_o statute_n against_o bankrupt_n must_v be_v presume_v to_o be_v among_o the_o easy_a and_o most_o intelligible_a because_o it_o be_v found_v upon_o the_o evident_a principle_n of_o equity_n and_o reason_n and_o be_v first_o draw_v by_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n and_o after_o some_o year_n trial_n be_v renew_v by_o the_o parliament_n who_o will_v have_v plain_v what_o be_v obscure_a and_o supply_v what_o be_v defective_a and_o yet_o i_o be_o afraid_a that_o albeit_o the_o statute_n be_v very_o full_a and_o my_o observation_n upon_o it_o be_v very_o clear_a that_o yet_o it_o will_v appear_v convince_o that_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o law_n be_v not_o easy_a and_o that_o none_o shall_v pretend_v to_o it_o but_o such_o as_o have_v illuminate_v their_o excellent_a natural_a part_n with_o laborious_a learning_n and_o have_v polish_a that_o learning_n by_o a_o long_a experience_n i_o have_v not_o debate_v full_o the_o case_n here_o relate_v that_o be_v fit_a for_o plead_v then_o treatise_n nor_o have_v i_o set_v down_o all_o the_o case_n that_o occur_v lest_o the_o reader_n shall_v think_v i_o industrious_o design_v to_o confound_v he_o the_o more_o to_o magnify_v the_o necessity_n of_o lawyer_n it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o many_o now_o in_o my_o condition_n can_v have_v treat_v this_o subject_a both_o more_o profound_o and_o delicate_o but_o yet_o i_o may_v say_v that_o nothing_o here_o be_v against_o law_n since_o all_o these_o sheet_n have_v have_v the_o approbation_n of_o one_o of_o the_o able_a lawyer_n in_o our_o nation_n who_o can_v neither_o deceive_v nor_o be_v deceive_v in_o his_o own_o profession_n these_o sheet_n be_v but_o a_o part_n of_o a_o great_a work_n wherein_o i_o resolve_v to_o clear_v 1._o what_o act_n be_v in_o desuetude_n or_o abrogate_a 2._o how_o each_o act_n be_v interpret_v by_o the_o lord_n decision_n 3._o what_o new_a doubt_n may_v arise_v from_o each_o act_n though_o not_o yet_o decide_v 4._o wherein_o our_o statute_n agree_v with_o the_o civil_a law_n or_o law_n of_o other_o nation_n and_o thus_o i_o hope_v to_o make_v all_o our_o act_n of_o parliament_n intelligible_a and_o plain_a a_o explication_n of_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1621._o against_o bankrupt_n the_o word_n of_o the_o rubric_n or_o inscription_n of_o this_o act_n be_v a_o ratification_n of_o the_o act_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o council_n and_o session_n make_v in_o july_n 1620._o against_o unlawful_a disposition_n and_o alienation_n make_v by_o dyvour_n and_o bankrupt_n for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o the_o inscripon_n or_o rubric_n it_o be_v fit_a to_o know_v that_o the_o word_n bankrupt_a which_o be_v the_o translation_n of_o the_o latin_a banciruptor_n be_v in_o the_o original_a but_o a_o barbarous_a word_n either_o derive_v from_o the_o french_a word_n banque_n or_o the_o italian_a banco_n and_o the_o word_n rumpere_fw-la because_o when_o merchand_n become_v bankrupt_n they_o break_v either_o the_o seat_n upon_o which_o they_o do_v sit_v or_o the_o bank_n or_o table_n at_o which_o they_o do_v sit_v as_o salmas_n observe_v in_o pref._n de_fw-fr usur_fw-fr pag._n 511._o but_o now_o the_o word_n banciruptor_n be_v take_v not_o only_o pro_fw-la mensulario_fw-la foro_fw-la cedente_fw-la but_o for_o any_o merchand_n or_o any_o other_o person_n who_o have_v contract_v more_o debt_n than_o he_o be_v able_a to_o pay_v as_o vegnern_n observe_v pag_n 8._o they_o be_v call_v likewise_o decoctores_fw-la quia_fw-la rem_fw-la svam_fw-la coquendo_fw-la diminuunt_fw-la decoquere_fw-la signify_v diminuere_fw-la bud._n ad_fw-la l._n si_fw-la hominem_fw-la §_o quoties_fw-la ff_n deposit_v in_o italy_n they_o be_v call_v falliti_n &_o cessantes_fw-la boer_n decis_fw-la 215._o but_o in_o the_o civil_a law_n the_o true_a latin_a word_n be_v fraudatores_fw-la l._n 4._o ff_n de_fw-fr curate_n bon_fw-fr dand_v they_o be_v likewise_o by_o this_o rubric_n call_v dyvour_n or_o dyour_fw-mi from_o the_o irish_a word_n dyer_n as_o i_o conceive_v which_o signify_v a_o knave_n and_o they_o be_v likewise_o call_v bairman_n in_o our_o law_n l._n burg_n cap._n bairman_n 144._o &_o the_o jud_v cap._n bairman_n 46._o though_o our_o learned_a skeen_n do_v in_o the_o verb_n signif_n verb._n dyvour_n make_v bankrupt_a to_o be_v the_o same_o with_o he_o who_o have_v obtain_v a_o cessio_fw-la bonorum_fw-la &_o qui_fw-la bonis_fw-la cessit_fw-la yet_o these_o differ_v very_o much_o for_o a_o bankrupt_a be_v he_o only_o qui_fw-la foro_fw-la cessit_fw-la sed_fw-la qui_fw-la bonis_fw-la cessit_fw-la forum_n retinet_fw-la &_o bona_fw-la creditoribus_fw-la in_o solutum_fw-la dedit_fw-la hottoman_n de_fw-fr verb._n sig_n verb._n credere_fw-la caedere_fw-la forâ—_n est_fw-la facti_fw-la caedere_fw-la bonis_fw-la est_fw-la juris_fw-la and_o he_o only_o who_o have_v lose_v his_o estate_n by_o accident_n without_o his_o own_o â—ault_n be_v allow_v bonis_fw-la caedere_fw-la bancciruptor_n dicitur_fw-la qui_fw-la dolo_fw-la casuve_fw-fr non_fw-la solvendo_fw-la factus_fw-la est_fw-la venger_n ibid._n how_o the_o word_n bankrupt_a be_v take_v in_o this_o act_n may_v be_v just_o doubt_v for_o by_o the_o rubric_n of_o the_o act_n it_o will_v appear_v that_o this_o act_n strike_v only_o against_o disposition_n which_o be_v make_v by_o person_n insolvent_a and_o who_o estate_n be_v not_o able_a to_o pay_v the_o debt_n due_a to_o the_o reducer_n for_o the_o rubric_n of_o the_o act_n bear_v to_o be_v against_o disposition_n make_v by_o bankrupt_n or_o dyvour_n so_o that_o these_o two_o be_v make_v pares_fw-la termini_fw-la and_o therefore_o since_o a_o dyvour_n be_v a_o person_n who_o be_v insolvent_a it_o seem_v that_o this_o act_n must_v only_o strike_v against_o disposition_n make_v by_o person_n that_o be_v insolvent_a per_fw-la argumentum_fw-la à _fw-la rubro_fw-la ad_fw-la nigrum_fw-la for_o lawyer_n be_v very_o clear_a that_o where_o either_o the_o rubric_n be_v a_o entire_a sentence_n or_o where_o any_o term_n use_v in_o the_o rubric_n be_v explain_v by_o any_o equipolent_a or_o exegetick_a word_n that_o there_o the_o general_a term_n which_o be_v dubious_a be_v to_o be_v interpret_v according_a to_o the_o import_n of_o both_o these_o term_n and_o therefore_o since_o the_o word_n dyvour_n be_v only_o applicable_a to_o person_n insolvent_a the_o word_n bankrupt_a must_v be_v likewise_o interpret_v only_o of_o these_o and_o so_o the_o rubric_n run_v only_o against_o disposition_n make_v by_o person_n that_o be_v insolvent_a it_o must_v follow_v that_o only_o such_o deed_n be_v reduceable_a as_o be_v do_v to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o creditor_n by_o a_o person_n that_o be_v insolvent_a 2._o this_o seem_v likewise_o consonant_a to_o reason_n for_o if_o the_o creditor_n can_v recover_v his_o debt_n he_o be_v not_o prejudge_v and_o so_o the_o design_n of_o the_o act_n fail_v and_o it_o be_v most_o unreasonable_a to_o trouble_v a_o person_n who_o have_v get_v a_o disposition_n except_o there_o be_v a_o absolute_a necessity_n 3._o this_o be_v most_o suitable_a to_o the_o common_a principle_n of_o law_n whereby_o nunquam_fw-la recurrendum_fw-la ad_fw-la remedium_fw-la extraordinarium_fw-la quamdiu_fw-la locus_fw-la est_fw-la ordinario_fw-la no_o more_o then_o in_o physic_n a_o member_n shall_v be_v cut_v off_o where_o it_o can_v be_v cure_v and_o therefore_o a_o creditor_n who_o may_v recover_v payment_n by_o ordinary_a diligence_n such_o as_o by_o the_o comprise_v or_o arrest_v his_o debtor_n estate_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v allow_v to_o reduce_v all_o disposition_n make_v by_o his_o debtor_n since_o omnes_fw-la actiones_fw-la rescissoriae_fw-la and_o particular_o actio_fw-la pauliana_fw-la sunt_fw-la remedia_fw-la extraordinariae_fw-la whereby_o the_o magistrate_n have_v be_v by_o cheat_n of_o debtor_n and_o the_o fraudulent_a disposition_n of_o such_o as_o contract_v with_o they_o force_v to_o rescind_n and_o annul_v the_o private_a paction_n of_o party_n contrary_a to_o the_o ordinar_n and_o general_a principle_n 4._o this_o seem_v to_o be_v further_o clear_v by_o the_o narrative_a of_o the_o act_n which_o run_v only_o against_o disposition_n which_o elude_v all_o execution_n of_o justice_n whereby_o creditor_n be_v defraud_v of_o all_o payment_n and_o many_o honest_a family_n come_v to_o utter_v ruin_n neither_o of_o which_o expression_n be_v applicable_a to_o the_o case_n of_o creditor_n who_o may_v recover_v payment_n otherwise_o conform_v to_o which_o argument_n i_o find_v that_o the_o lord_n upon_o the._n 6._o of_o march_n 1632._o in_o a_o
act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la as_o they_o do_v in_o most_o case_n where_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v found_v upon_o equity_n as_o here_o and_o where_o they_o be_v not_o determine_v by_o either_o our_o former_a practice_n or_o constitution_n and_o by_o the_o same_o principle_n both_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n and_o the_o parliament_n do_v in_o this_o statute_n declare_v that_o their_o say_a act_n shall_v extend_v to_o cause_n depend_v or_o to_o be_v intent_a whereas_o statue_n regular_o be_v extend_v only_o to_o future_a case_n except_o where_o the_o act_n declare_v what_o be_v law_n former_o as_o in_o this_o case_n we_o may_v then_o conclude_v these_o difference_n betwixt_o these_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la and_o act_n of_o parliament_n that_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la can_v only_o be_v make_v concern_v the_o form_n of_o procedure_n or_o to_o fix_v a_o constant_a decision_n for_o the_o future_a in_o case_n which_o they_o may_v have_v so_o decide_v before_o their_o own_o act_n and_o it_o be_v their_o prudence_n and_o our_o happiness_n that_o they_o shall_v rather_o decide_v in_o hypothesi_fw-la then_o in_o thesi_fw-la but_o act_n of_o parliament_n shall_v main_o be_v make_v to_o regulat_fw-la new_a substantial_a ground_n of_o justice_n and_o commerce_n but_o though_o this_o power_n of_o make_v order_n for_o administration_n of_o justice_n be_v proper_o and_o principal_o their_o province_n yet_o they_o have_v in_o this_o but_o a_o cumulative_a jurisdiction_n with_o the_o parliament_n who_o may_v and_o do_v likewise_o make_v such_o order_n but_o the_o parliament_n ought_v to_o do_v so_o spare_o since_o form_n be_v better_o know_v to_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n then_o to_o they_o and_o therefore_o it_o seem_v that_o the_o power_n of_o make_v act_n relate_v to_o form_n or_o of_o regulate_v form_n already_o make_v belong_v particular_o to_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n both_o because_o of_o their_o constitution_n and_o experience_n the_o lord_n have_v be_v in_o use_n not_o only_o to_o regulat_fw-la their_o own_o court_n by_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la but_o they_o have_v by_o the_o same_o power_n prescribe_v regulation_n to_o other_o court_n and_o thus_o as_o to_o the_o justice_n court_n in_o anno_fw-la 1591._o year_n they_o make_v a_o act_n that_o woman_n and_o socii_fw-la criminis_fw-la may_v be_v receive_v witness_n in_o case_n of_o treason_n and_o we_o find_v that_o they_o have_v likewise_o regulate_v inferior_a court_n without_o any_o previous_a warrant_n as_o be_v clear_a by_o the_o 19_o act_n 23._o par._n ja._n 6._o where_o the_o parliament_n ratify_v a_o act_n of_o secret_a council_n and_o session_n which_o do_v ordain_v and_o command_v that_o no_o process_n shall_v be_v grant_v before_o inferior_a judge_n on_o the_o first_o summons_n but_o upon_o libel_v precept_n and_o citation_n of_o fifteen_o day_n warning_n and_o in_o anno_fw-la 1636._o they_o make_v a_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la appoint_v that_o no_o consent_n of_o any_o inferior_a court_n shall_v bind_v the_o consenter_n except_o it_o be_v subscribe_v by_o himself_o and_o that_o the_o assertion_n of_o the_o clerk_n of_o that_o court_n be_v not_o sufficient_a nor_o shall_v this_o extension_n of_o their_o power_n seem_v unwarrantable_a for_o since_o they_o may_v reduce_v the_o decreet_n of_o inferior_a court_n it_o seem_v most_o consequential_a that_o they_o may_v regulat_fw-la their_o procedure_n but_o though_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o session_n pass_v the_o bill_n before_o the_o justice_n and_o advocate_n cause_n from_o before_o that_o court_n it_o may_v seem_v strange_a that_o they_o shall_v have_v power_n to_o make_v act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la for_o regulate_v that_o court_n the_o jurisdiction_n civil_a and_o criminal_a be_v most_o distinct_a and_o different_a it_o may_v likeways_o seem_v both_o by_o the_o former_a act_n allow_v the_o lord_n of_o the_o session_n this_o power_n and_o the_o ratification_n of_o their_o statute_n specify_v in_o this_o act_n that_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o all_o the_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la which_o relate_v not_o mere_o to_o the_o regulate_v their_o own_o form_n shall_v be_v ratify_v by_o the_o parliament_n though_o in_o the_o interim_n of_o parliament_n these_o act_n shall_v bind_v and_o yet_o de_fw-fr facto_fw-la we_o see_v very_o many_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la to_o have_v full_a vigour_n and_o force_n without_o any_o such_o confirmation_n before_o i_o begin_v to_o explain_v the_o word_n of_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n i_o shall_v offer_v this_o analysis_n of_o it_o either_o the_o creditor_n who_o be_v defraud_v be_v such_o creditor_n as_o have_v do_v no_o diligence_n or_o such_o as_o have_v do_v diligence_n if_o they_o be_v such_o as_o have_v not_o do_v diligence_n then_o either_o the_o disposition_n quarrel_v be_v make_v to_o conjunct_a person_n or_o not_o if_o they_o be_v make_v to_o conjunct_a or_o confident_a person_n either_o they_o be_v make_v for_o necessary_a and_o onerous_a cause_n or_o not_o if_o they_o be_v make_v for_o a_o necessary_a and_o onerous_a cause_n they_o be_v valid_a though_o make_v to_o conjunct_a or_o confident_a person_n 2._o if_o these_o disposition_n be_v make_v without_o a_o onerous_a cause_n then_o either_o they_o remain_v with_o the_o conjunct_a confident_a to_o who_o they_o be_v make_v or_o not_o if_o they_o remain_v with_o he_o they_o be_v reduceable_a either_o by_o way_n of_o exception_n or_o reply_v but_o if_o any_o three_o party_n no_o way_n partaker_n of_o the_o fraud_n have_v lawful_o purchase_v any_o of_o the_o bankrupt_n land_n for_o a_o just_a and_o true_a cause_n than_o the_o right_o be_v not_o quarrelable_n but_o the_o receiver_n be_v only_o liable_a to_o make_v the_o same_o forthcoming_a to_o the_o bankrupt_n true_a creditor_n 3._o the_o fraud_n be_v probable_a by_o writ_n or_o oath_n of_o the_o party_n receiver_n 4._o if_o the_o creditor_n have_v do_v diligence_n by_o inhibition_n horning_n etc._n etc._n then_o the_o bankrupt_a can_v in_o prejudice_v of_o these_o creditor_n who_o have_v do_v diligence_n dispone_v voluntary_o any_o part_n of_o his_o estate_n to_o defraud_v that_o diligence_n in_o favour_n of_o another_o concreditor_n who_o have_v do_v no_o diligence_n or_o posterior_n diligence_n or_o in_o favour_n of_o any_o interpose_a person_n to_o their_o behoof_n and_o in_o this_o part_n of_o the_o act_n it_o be_v not_o consider_v whether_o the_o interpose_a person_n be_v a_o person_n conjunct_a or_o not_o 5._o the_o bankrupt_n the_o interpose_a person_n and_o all_o such_o as_o have_v assist_v they_o in_o advise_v or_o practise_v these_o fraud_n be_v declare_v infamous_a conform_v to_o the_o civil_a and_o canon_n law_n etc._n etc._n because_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la bear_n that_o they_o have_v in_o this_o act_n follow_v the_o civil_a and_o canon_n law_n we_o may_v just_o assert_v that_o it_o be_v â—â—t_n the_o lord_n of_o session_n understand_v exact_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o that_o it_o be_v the_o great_a foundation_n of_o our_o law_n and_o form_n thus_o we_o see_v that_o robert_n lesly_v heir_n be_v by_o the_o 69._o act_n parl._n 6._o k._n ja._n 5._o ordain_v to_o be_v forefault_v for_o the_o crime_n of_o treason_n commit_v by_o their_o father_n according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o forfaultor_n in_o absence_n be_v allow_v by_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n in_o anno_fw-la 1669._o because_o it_o be_v conform_v to_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o falsehood_n be_v ordain_v to_o be_v punish_v according_a to_o the_o civil_a and_o canon_n law_n act_n 22._o par._n 5._o q._n m._n and_o that_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v our_o rule_n where_o our_o own_o statute_n and_o custom_n be_v silent_a or_o deficient_a be_v clear_a from_o our_o own_o lawyer_n as_o skeen_n annot._fw-la ad_fw-la l._n 1._o r._n m._n c._n 7._o ver_fw-la 2._o and_o by_o craig_n l._n 1._o diagoras_n 2._o as_o also_o from_o our_o own_o historian_n leslie_n l._n 1._o cap._n leg._n scotor_n boet._n l._n 9_o hist._n camer_n de_fw-fr scot._n doctr._n l._n 2._o cap._n 4._o and_o the_o same_o be_v record_v of_o we_o by_o the_o historian_n and_o lawyer_n of_o other_o nation_n as_o forâ—aâ—_n lib._n 7._o the_o gall_n imper_v polid._n lib._n 1._o hist._n angl._n petr._n dâ—_n amitis_fw-la geograph_n europe_n do_fw-mi di_fw-it escosse_fw-la and_o duck_n the_o auth_v jur_fw-fr civ_o lib._n 2._o cap._n 10._o and_o though_o the_o roman_n have_v some_o custom_n or_o form_n peculiar_a to_o the_o genius_n of_o their_o own_o nation_n yet_o their_o law_n in_o undecided_a case_n be_v of_o universal_a use_n and_o as_o boet._n well_o observe_v leges_fw-la romanas_fw-la à _fw-la justiniano_n collect_v as_o tanta_fw-la ratione_fw-la &_o sermonis_fw-la venustate_fw-la esse_fw-la ut_fw-la nulla_fw-la sit_fw-la natio_fw-la tam_fw-la fera_fw-fr vel_fw-la ab_fw-la humanitate_fw-la abhorâ—ens_fw-la quae_fw-la eas_fw-la non_fw-la fuerit_fw-la admirata_fw-la and_o k._n ja._n 5._o be_v so_o much_o in_o
love_n with_o the_o civil_a law_n as_o boet._n observe_v lib._n 17._o that_o he_o make_v a_o act_n that_o no_o man_n shall_v succeed_v to_o a_o great_a estate_n in_o scotland_n who_o do_v not_o understand_v the_o civil_a law_n and_o erect_v two_o profession_n of_o it_o one_o at_o st._n andrews_n and_o another_o be_v aberdene_n and_o when_o k._n james_n the_o second_o do_v by_o the_o 48._o act_n 3._o parliament_n ordain_v that_o his_o subject_n shall_v be_v govern_v by_o no_o foreign_a law_n he_o design_v not_o to_o deny_v the_o respect_n due_a to_o the_o roman_a law_n but_o to_o obviate_v the_o vain_a pretence_n of_o the_o pope_n who_o canon_n and_o concession_n be_v obtrude_v upon_o the_o people_n as_o law_n by_o the_o churchman_n of_o these_o time_n it_o be_v also_o fit_a to_o know_v that_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n many_o remedy_n be_v provide_v to_o secure_a crditor_n against_o the_o cheat_n of_o their_o debtor_n as_o first_o actio_fw-la pauliana_fw-la so_o call_v either_o from_o paulus_n the_o praetor_n who_o do_v introduce_v it_o or_o from_o paulus_n the_o lawyer_n who_o do_v first_o advise_v it_o by_o which_o action_n creditor_n may_v recall_v either_o the_o estate_n movable_a or_o immovable_a dispon_v by_o their_o debtor_n to_o their_o prejudice_n 2._o actio_fw-la in_o sactum_fw-la by_o which_o bona_fw-la incorporalia_fw-la such_o as_o jura_fw-la &_o servitutes_fw-la be_v recall_v when_o alienate_v l._n 14._o ss_z quae_fw-la in_o fraudem_fw-la creditorum_fw-la 3._o actio_fw-la faviana_fw-la whereby_o patron_n may_v revoke_v that_o which_o be_v do_v by_o their_o free_a man_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o that_o four_o part_n or_o legittim_n which_o be_v due_a to_o they_o by_o the_o law_n 4._o actio_fw-la faviana_fw-la utilis_fw-la by_o which_o minor_n who_o be_v adopt_v or_o arrogate_a may_v revoke_v what_o be_v do_v in_o prejudice_n of_o their_o four_o part_n due_a to_o they_o but_o though_o snedwine_n call_v this_o utilis_fw-la faviana_fw-la yet_o it_o be_v a_o mistake_n for_o hottoman_n gomezius_n and_o other_o do_v much_o more_o proper_o make_v this_o a_o species_n actionis_fw-la calvisiaâ—ae_fw-la 5._o actio_fw-la calvisiana_n which_o be_v grant_v indifferent_o to_o patron_n and_o other_o 6._o edictum_fw-la fraudatorium_fw-la which_o be_v competent_a when_o the_o creditor_n be_v to_o revoke_v what_o the_o debtor_n have_v alienate_v and_o which_o belong_v to_o another_o and_o not_o to_o himself_o as_o if_o a_o tutor_n have_v alienate_v the_o good_n belong_v to_o his_o pupil_n which_o pupil_n and_o not_o himself_o be_v debtor_n the_o action_n competent_a by_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v call_v actio_fw-la revocatoria_fw-la so_o call_v because_o the_o judge_n revoke_v what_o be_v do_v and_o with_o we_o it_o be_v call_v a_o action_n of_o reduction_n because_o the_o deed_n so_o do_v be_v reduce_v or_o rescind_v and_o i_o find_v the_o word_n reduction_n use_v by_o civilian_n even_o in_o this_o sense_n as_o by_o panormitan_n concilio_n secundo_fw-la and_o other_o and_o reducere_fw-la do_v proper_o signify_v informam_fw-la pristinam_fw-la instaurare_fw-la as_o be_v clear_a by_o ulp._n l._n 3_o ss_z de_fw-fr itin._n act_n privato_fw-la §_o 15_o and_o therefore_o we_o have_v elegant_o call_v this_o a_o action_n of_o reduction_n because_o the_o judge_n be_v to_o restore_v the_o thing_n alienate_v in_o prejudice_n of_o the_o creditor_n to_o its_o former_a condition_n whereas_o the_o reduction_n of_o decreet_n be_v a_o term_n unknown_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n they_o use_v only_a appeal_n and_o revision_n but_o reduction_n of_o sentence_n be_v use_v among_o the_o doctor_n even_o in_o the_o same_o term_n and_o sense_n that_o we_o use_v it_o as_o be_v clear_a by_o gail_n lib._n 1._o observe_v 141._o &_o 150._o and_o the_o reason_n why_o it_o be_v necessary_a for_o lawyer_n to_o introduce_v the_o necessity_n of_o such_o reduction_n or_o revocation_n be_v because_o in_o the_o subtlety_n of_o law_n the_o alienation_n do_v ipso_fw-la jure_fw-la transfer_v dominum_fw-la l._n si_fw-la sciens_fw-la ss_z de_fw-fr contra_fw-la empt_v and_o therefore_o it_o be_v that_o if_o such_o reduction_n be_v not_o raise_v before_o the_o year_n of_o prescription_n the_o alienation_n itself_o be_v valid_a though_o within_o that_o time_n it_o may_v have_v be_v rescind_v by_o this_o action_n of_o reduction_n though_o this_o statute_n only_o declare_v all_o alienation_n disposition_n assignation_n and_o translation_n whatsoever_o make_v by_o the_o debtor_n of_o any_o of_o his_o land_n teind_n reversion_n action_n debt_n or_o good_n whatsumever_o to_o be_v null_a yet_o this_o be_v extend_v to_o bond_n grant_v and_o to_o tack_n set_v by_o the_o debtor_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o his_o creditor_n for_o though_o neither_o tack_n nor_o band_n be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o letter_n of_o the_o law_n yet_o the_o same_o parity_n of_o reason_n extend_v the_o act_n to_o they_o and_o in_o law_n which_o be_v found_v upon_o the_o principle_n of_o reason_n extension_n from_o the_o same_o principle_n be_v very_o natural_a and_o in_o law_n which_o be_v introduce_v for_o obviate_a of_o cheat_n extension_n be_v most_o necessary_a because_o the_o same_o subtle_a and_o fraudulent_a inclination_n which_o tempt_v the_o debtor_n to_o cheat_v his_o creditor_n will_v easy_o tempt_v he_o likewise_o to_o cheat_v the_o law_n if_o the_o wisdom_n and_o prudence_n of_o the_o judge_n do_v not_o meet_v he_o where_o ever_o he_o turn_v but_o yet_o band_n in_o so_o far_o as_o they_o be_v personal_a do_v not_o prejudge_v the_o creditor_n nor_o fall_v they_o under_o this_o statute_n but_o only_o in_o so_o far_o as_o they_o tend_v to_o and_o may_v be_v the_o ground_n of_o legal_a alienation_n by_o comprise_v poind_v or_o other_o diligence_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o creditor_n and_o by_o affect_v the_o debtor_n estate_n by_o the_o word_n alienation_n be_v mean_v not_o only_o a_o express_a transfer_v of_o the_o right_n but_o any_o act_n whereby_o the_o dominium_fw-la or_o property_n be_v loose_v to_o the_o debtor_n as_o if_o the_o debtor_n shall_v in_o prejudice_n of_o his_o creditor_n habere_fw-la rem_fw-la pro_fw-la de_fw-la relicto_fw-la ut_fw-la alius_fw-la â—um_fw-la occupet_fw-la if_o he_o shall_v relinquish_v any_o thing_n upon_o design_n that_o a_o conjunct_a or_o confident_a person_n may_v possess_v it_o discharge_v likewise_o by_o the_o debtor_n of_o a_o right_n competent_a to_o he_o be_v reduceable_a upon_o this_o act_n of_o parliament_n though_o the_o word_n discharge_v be_v not_o express_v in_o the_o act_n for_o by_o the_o common_a law_n competebat_fw-la pauliana_fw-la quando_fw-la creditor_n liberabat_fw-la debitorem_fw-la suum_fw-la acceptilatione_fw-la vel_fw-la per_fw-la pactum_fw-la de_fw-la non_fw-la petendo_fw-la wherein_o l._n 1._o §_o 2._o ff_n h._n t._n agree_v with_o l._n 5._o basil._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i_o doubt_v not_o but_o upon_o the_o same_o parity_n of_o reason_n if_o a_o debtor_n suffer_v a_o decreet_a to_o go_v against_o he_o dolose_o and_o connive_v so_o far_o in_o prejudice_n of_o his_o creditor_n as_o to_o omit_v a_o competent_a defence_n but_o the_o creditor_n may_v reduce_v that_o decreet_a upon_o this_o act_n of_o parliament_n if_o he_o can_v instruct_v the_o connivance_n and_o collusion_n and_o verify_v the_o defence_n that_o be_v omit_v but_o without_o this_o collusion_n be_v clear_o instruct_v it_o be_v very_o hard_o to_o reduce_v a_o decreet_a at_o the_o instance_n of_o a_o party_n who_o need_v not_o to_o have_v be_v call_v i_o likewise_o think_v that_o if_o the_o debtor_n shall_v in_o prejudice_n of_o his_o creditor_n suffer_v the_o term_n to_o be_v circumduce_v against_o he_o for_o not_o compear_v to_o depon_n that_o decreet_a be_v likewise_o reduceable_a and_o this_o be_v so_o find_v at_o the_o instance_n of_o marjory_n halyburton_n contra_fw-la morison_n where_o though_o morison_n be_v a_o singular_a successor_n and_o have_v get_v a_o assignation_n to_o the_o decreet_a obtain_v by_o collusion_n against_o watte_fw-mi by_o his_o brother_n yet_o the_o lord_n ordain_v witness_n before_o answer_v to_o be_v lead_v for_o prove_v the_o collusion_n and_o repon_v watte_fw-mi to_o his_o oath_n and_o ordain_v he_o to_o depon_n but_o the_o difficulty_n there_o will_v be_v how_o a_o debtor_n can_v be_v compel_v to_o swear_v and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o in_o this_o case_n if_o the_o collusion_n be_v offer_v to_o be_v prove_v by_o the_o oath_n of_o he_o who_o obtain_v the_o decreet_a that_o the_o decreet_a will_v be_v reduce_v though_o the_o debtor_n compear_v not_o to_o depon_n or_o if_o the_o creditor_n pursue_v he_o that_o â—o_o casu_fw-la he_o will_v be_v force_v to_o depon_n and_o that_o if_o he_o refuse_v personal_a action_n will_v be_v obtain_v against_o he_o l._n 3._o §_o 1._o h._n t._n which_o allow_v action_n to_o the_o creditor_n si_fw-la data_fw-la opera_fw-la ad_fw-la judicium_fw-la non_fw-la venerit_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d
conceal_v or_o may_v be_v force_v to_o discover_v they_o when_o reveal_v as_o for_o instance_n a_o client_n not_o know_v that_o he_o can_v be_v defend_v against_o a_o pursuit_n for_o murder_n by_o prove_v it_o be_v commit_v in_o self-defence_n will_v conceal_v from_o his_o advocate_n that_o he_o kill_v at_o all_o lest_o his_o confession_n and_o his_o advocat_n testimony_n may_v be_v make_v use_n of_o against_o he_o 2._o this_o may_v afford_v to_o advocat_n great_a matter_n of_o prevarication_n and_o may_v occasion_v much_o prejudice_n to_o the_o client_n for_o a_o advocate_n have_v discover_v the_o weakness_n of_o his_o client_n cause_v may_v discover_v it_o likewise_o to_o his_o adversary_n and_o to_o cover_v his_o prevarication_n he_o may_v suggest_v to_o his_o say_a adversary_n that_o he_o may_v be_v examine_v and_o so_o impute_v the_o discover_n of_o these_o secret_n to_o the_o cogency_n of_o the_o law_n and_o not_o to_o his_o own_o private_a inclination_n which_o make_v rob._n annaeus_n say_v that_o si_fw-la tamen_fw-la de_fw-fr inceps_fw-la advocato_fw-la liceat_fw-la clientium_fw-la secreta_fw-la pandere_fw-la &_o causarum_fw-la arcana_fw-la fidei_fw-la suae_fw-la commissa_fw-la palam_fw-la &_o publicae_fw-la proffer_v eaque_fw-la parum_fw-la fido_fw-it pectore_fw-la effutire_fw-la in_o foro_fw-la deinceps_fw-la non_fw-la equitatis_fw-la cognitio_fw-la sed_fw-la latrocinium_fw-la exercebitur_fw-la tribunalia_fw-la murices_fw-la erunt_fw-la quibus_fw-la litigantium_fw-la simplicitatem_fw-la undique_fw-la circumvenire_fw-la &_o imputare_fw-la licebit_fw-la &_o in_o judicio_fw-la non_fw-la templum_fw-la â—hemidis_fw-la sed_fw-la spoliarium_fw-la erit_fw-la si_fw-la clientes_fw-la tacita_fw-la confessionis_fw-la side_n captare_fw-la &_o irretire_fw-la permittetur_fw-la whereas_o now_o if_o a_o client_n secret_a be_v discover_v he_o can_v blame_v no_o man_n but_o his_o own_o advocat_n who_o be_v by_o their_o honour_n and_o interest_n oblige_v to_o keep_v up_o a_o secret_a who_o discovery_n can_v be_v ascribe_v to_o none_o but_o they_o the_o design_n of_o all_o probation_n be_v to_o convince_v the_o judge_n whereas_o because_o of_o the_o great_a relation_n that_o be_v betwixt_o a_o advocate_n and_o his_o client_n law_n and_o experience_n can_v but_o presume_v that_o hardly_o truth_n can_v be_v discover_v this_o way_n and_o this_o way_n rather_o open_v a_o door_n to_o lie_v or_o give_v occasion_n to_o fallacious_a and_o ambiguous_a conceal_n of_o truth_n then_o help_v the_o discovery_n of_o it_o upon_o which_o account_n the_o law_n have_v shun_v to_o force_v man_n to_o depon_n against_o themselves_o or_o husband_n against_o their_o wife_n or_o child_n against_o their_o parent_n in_o criminal_a case_n and_o therefore_o virgil_n equal_v those_o two_o pulsatusve_fw-la parens_fw-la &_o fraus_fw-la innexaclienti_fw-la upon_o which_o place_n servius_n observe_v that_o clientes_fw-la quasi_fw-la colentes_fw-la patroni_fw-la quasi_fw-la patres_fw-la tantundem_fw-la ergo_fw-la est_fw-la clientem_fw-la quantum_fw-la filium_fw-la fallere_fw-la and_o such_o be_v the_o respect_n due_a to_o client_n that_o the_o law_n allow_v less_o liberty_n in_o depon_v against_o they_o then_o against_o blood_n relation_n and_o thus_o m._n cato_n be_v bring_v in_o by_o a._n gell._n say_v adversus_fw-la cognatos_fw-la pro_fw-la cliente_fw-la testatur_fw-la testimonium_fw-la adversus_fw-la clientem_fw-la nemo_fw-la dicit_fw-la and_o the_o law_n have_v still_o be_v rather_o incline_v to_o evite_v the_o hazard_n of_o perjury_n then_o to_o follow_v too_o far_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n or_o of_o private_a party_n since_o god_n almighty_n suffer_v by_o the_o one_o and_o man_n only_o suffer_v by_o the_o other_o 5._o the_o law_n l._n nimis_fw-la grave_n c._n de_fw-fr testibus_fw-la tell_v we_o that_o mandatis_fw-la cavetur_fw-la ut_fw-la preside_v attendant_a ne_fw-la patroni_fw-la in_o causa_fw-la cui_fw-la patrocinium_fw-la prestiterunt_fw-la testimonium_fw-la dicant_fw-la and_o though_o bartolus_n and_o some_o other_o do_v expon_o this_o law_n so_o as_o if_o a_o judge_n be_v thereby_o only_o discharge_v to_o admit_v a_o advocate_n to_o depon_n for_o his_o client_n this_o gloss_n seem_v to_o be_v most_o absurd_a both_o because_o the_o word_n of_o the_o law_n be_v general_a and_o since_o they_o extend_v to_o both_o case_n and_o that_o no_o posterior_n law_n have_v restrict_v they_o there_o be_v no_o reason_n why_o both_o shall_v not_o be_v equal_o comprehend_v as_o also_o law_n be_v presume_v to_o be_v make_v still_o against_o the_o more_o doubtful_a case_n but_o that_o advocat_n can_v have_v be_v receive_v to_o depon_n in_o favour_n of_o their_o client_n be_v so_o clear_o against_o the_o whole_a analogy_n of_o law_n that_o there_o need_v no_o special_a law_n to_o have_v be_v make_v against_o that_o case_n but_o there_o be_v necessity_n to_o inform_v judge_n whether_o advocat_n can_v be_v force_v to_o depon_n against_o their_o client_n which_o gloss_n be_v approve_v by_o the_o learned_a heraldus_n de_fw-fr rer._n judicatar_n auctor_fw-la lib._n 2._o cap._n 4_o and_o conform_v thereto_o the_o parliament_n of_o paris_n do_v find_v in_o december_n 1619._o that_o a_o advocate_n can_v not_o be_v oblige_v to_o depon_n against_o his_o client_n for_o clear_v of_o a_o fraud_n for_o which_o his_o client_n be_v pursue_v by_o justinian_o 80._o novel_a cap._n 8._o it_o be_v appoint_v that_o though_o witness_n may_v be_v force_v to_o depone_v both_o in_o civil_a and_o criminal_a matter_n yet_o those_o who_o have_v be_v employ_v as_o mediator_n who_o be_v call_v there_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d shall_v not_o be_v force_v to_o depone_v as_o witness_n except_o both_o party_n consent_n for_o which_o no_o other_o reason_n can_v be_v give_v but_o because_o the_o party_n have_v entrust_v their_o secret_n to_o they_o and_o according_o the_o senate_n of_o savoy_n decide_v the_o 23._o november_n 1596._o as_o faber_n observe_v lib._n 4._o tit_n 15._o def_n 56._o and_o the_o reason_n there_o give_v be_v solent_fw-la enim_fw-la qui_fw-la litigant_fw-la agere_fw-la liberius_fw-la cum_fw-la istis_fw-la mediatoribus_fw-la quasi_fw-la cum_fw-la confessore_fw-la &_o causae_fw-la patrono_fw-la then_o which_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o convince_a idem_fw-la etiam_fw-la in_o proxeneta_fw-la observavit_fw-la papiensis_fw-la in_o form_n jur_fw-fr test_n num_fw-la 15._o and_o in_o this_o the_o cannon_n law_n agree_v with_o the_o civil_a for_o by_o can._n statut_fw-la caus._n 2._o quest_n 6._o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o no_o clergyman_n shall_v be_v obliedge_v or_o can_v be_v compel_v to_o bear_v witness_n in_o a_o case_n which_o have_v be_v refer_v to_o he_o by_o two_o laic_n and_o therefore_o since_o that_o trust_n be_v hold_v so_o sacred_a that_o the_o secret_n even_o reveal_v to_o arbiter_n be_v not_o to_o be_v extort_a from_o they_o much_o less_o ought_v a_o advocate_n to_o who_o patrociny_n his_o client_n slay_v and_o from_o who_o faithfulness_n they_o seek_v protection_n to_o violat_a that_o trust_n and_o disappoint_v that_o confidence_n sane_fw-la id_fw-la à _fw-la romana_fw-la virtute_fw-la &_o animi_fw-la magnitudine_fw-la erat_fw-la plane_n alienum_fw-la and_o how_o much_o secrecy_n they_o allow_v to_o witness_n who_o have_v get_v any_o thing_n entrust_v to_o they_o be_v clear_a l._n 1._o §_o 38._o ff_n deposit_v si_fw-la quis_fw-la tabulas_fw-la testamenti_fw-la apud_fw-la se_fw-la depositas_fw-la pluribus_fw-la presentibus_fw-la legit_fw-la ait_fw-la labeo_n depositi_fw-la actione_n recte_fw-la de_fw-la tabulis_fw-la agi_fw-la posse_fw-la ego_fw-la arbitror_fw-la &_o injuriarum_fw-la agi_fw-la posse_fw-la si_fw-la hoc_fw-la animo_fw-la recitatum_fw-la testamentum_fw-la est_fw-la quibusdam_fw-la presentibus_fw-la ut_fw-la judicio_fw-la secreta_fw-la ejus_fw-la qui_fw-la testatus_fw-la est_fw-la divulgarentur_fw-la nor_o can_v there_o be_v a_o solid_a reason_n give_v why_o confessor_n can_v be_v force_v to_o discover_v the_o secret_n reveal_v to_o they_o sub_fw-la sigillo_fw-la confessionis_fw-la and_o yet_o advocat_n shall_v be_v oblige_v to_o reveal_v what_o be_v consign_v to_o they_o under_o the_o sacred_a assurance_n of_o trust_n and_o secrecy_n especial_o see_v that_o law_n which_o be_v allege_v against_o they_o do_v acknowlepge_v they_o to_o be_v juris_fw-la &_o justittae_fw-la sacerdotes_fw-la l._n 1._o ff_n de_fw-fr just_a &_o jur_n since_o the_o common_a wealth_n be_v more_o concern_v in_o the_o secret_n of_o affair_n then_o in_o secret_n of_o devotion_n and_o there_o be_v great_a temptation_n to_o provoke_v the_o trustee_n to_o discover_v the_o one_o than_o the_o other_o for_o few_o can_v have_v advantage_n by_o what_o a_o confessor_n can_v reveal_v but_o many_o can_v gain_v by_o that_o a_o advocate_n can_v discover_v i_o must_v here_o beg_v leave_n to_o represent_v that_o the_o rise_v of_o this_o great_a trust_n betwixt_o client_n and_o patron_n be_v that_o first_o when_o rome_n be_v found_v romulus_n find_v the_o error_n the_o grecian_n have_v commit_v in_o tyrannise_v over_o their_o client_n who_o the_o athenian_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o the_o thessalian_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d he_o do_v introduce_v a_o mutual_a friendship_n and_o tie_n betwixt_o