be_v instant_o defeat_v slay_v and_o put_v to_o flight_n and_o the_o roman_n become_v master_n both_o of_o the_o field_n of_o battle_n and_o the_o whole_a island_n also_o yet_o be_v they_o not_o whole_o subdue_v till_o the_o reign_n of_o julius_n agricola_n when_o the_o roman_a empire_n in_o britain_n begin_v to_o decline_v several_a irish_a come_v secret_o over_o and_o settle_v here_o and_z certain_z sinall_z hill_n and_o mount_n be_v yet_o to_o be_v see_v entrench_v about_o which_o be_v call_v the_o irish-men_n cottage_n and_o another_o place_n name_v of_o the_o irishman_n hiercy_n gwidil_n because_o it_o be_v say_v they_o here_o put_v the_o britain_n to_o flight_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o sivigus_n afterward_o the_o norman_n oft_o infest_a this_o isle_n but_o in_o the_o year_n 1000_o king_n etheldred_n set_v out_o a_o fleet_n which_o scour_v the_o sea_n round_o about_o it_o and_o waste_v the_o country_n in_o a_o more_o hostile_a manner_n than_o either_o the_o irish_a or_o norwegian_n then_o hugh_n earl_n of_o chester_n and_o hugh_n earl_n of_o shrewsbury_n both_o norman_n do_v grievous_o afflict_v anglesey_n at_o which_o very_a time_n magnus_n the_o norwegian_a arrive_v here_o shot_z hugh_z earl_n of_o shrewsbury_n through_o with_o a_o arrow_n and_o after_o he_o have_v plunder_v the_o island_n depart_v next_o the_o english_a continual_o vex_v the_o inhabitant_n make_v several_a descent_n upon_o they_o even_o to_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n i._n when_o they_o be_v total_o subject_v to_o that_o crown_n the_o chief_a town_n beumaris_n former_o call_v bonover_n build_v by_o this_o king_n edward_n i._o together_o with_o a_o strong_a castle_n be_v govern_v by_o a_o mayor_n two_o bailiff_n two_o sergeant_n at_o mace_n and_o a_o town_n clerk_n at_o llanvais_n not_o far_o from_o hence_o be_v former_o a_o monastery_n of_o friar_n minor_n rich_o endow_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n where_o a_o daughter_n of_o king_n john_n and_o the_o son_n of_o a_o danish_a king_n with_o several_a other_o person_n of_o dignity_n be_v bury_v that_o be_v slay_v in_o the_o war_n between_o the_o english_a and_o welsh_a guido_n de_fw-fr mona_n or_o of_o anglesey_n be_v bishop_n of_o st._n david_n and_o lord_n treasurer_n of_o england_n to_o king_n henry_n iu._n though_o the_o parliament_n move_v that_o no_o welshman_n shall_v be_v a_o state_n officer_n in_o england_n he_o die_v 1407._o arthur_n bulkley_n bishop_n of_o bangor_n though_o breed_v doctor_n of_o the_o law_n either_o never_o read_v or_o else_o he_o have_v forget_v the_o chapter_n against_o sacrilege_n for_o he_o spoil_v the_o bishopric_n and_o sell_v the_o five_o bell_n of_o the_o cathedral_n be_v so_o over_o officious_a that_o he_o will_v go_v down_o to_o the_o sea_n to_o see_v they_o ship_v away_o he_o be_v sudden_o deprive_v of_o his_o sight_n and_o die_v 1555._o william_n glyn_n d._n d._n breed_v in_o and_o master_n of_o queen_n college_n be_v make_v bishop_n of_o bangor_n in_o the_o second_o year_n of_o queen_n mary_n a_o excellent_a scholar_n be_v constant_a to_o his_o own_o and_o not_o cruel_a to_o the_o professor_n of_o the_o protestant_a religion_n there_o be_v no_o persecution_n in_o his_o diocese_n he_o die_v the_o first_o year_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n who_o brother_n jeffery_n dr._n of_o law_n build_v and_o endow_v a_o free_a school_n at_o bangor_n madoc_n son_n to_o owen_n gwine_v brother_n to_o david_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n be_v bear_v probable_o at_o aberfrow_n in_o this_o county_n than_o the_o principal_a palace_n of_o their_o royal_a residence_n who_o upon_o the_o civil_a dissension_n in_o his_o own_o country_n in_o 1170_o adventure_v to_o sea_n and_o leave_v ireland_n on_o the_o north_n come_v to_o a_o land_n unknown_a where_o he_o see_v many_o wonderful_a thing_n this_o by_o dr._n howel_n and_o mr._n humphrey_n lloyd_n be_v judge_v to_o be_v the_o main_a continent_n of_o america_n be_v confirm_v therein_o as_o well_o by_o the_o say_n of_o montezuma_n emperor_n of_o mexico_n who_o declare_v his_o progenitor_n be_v stranger_n as_o well_o as_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o mexican_n as_o by_o the_o use_n of_o divers_a welsh_a word_n among_o they_o as_o cape_n de_fw-fr breton_n norwinberg_n penguin_n a_o name_n they_o give_v to_o a_o bird_n with_o a_o white_a head_n the_o story_n add_v that_o madock_n leave_v several_a of_o his_o people_n there_o and_o come_v home_o return_v back_o with_o ten_o sail_n full_a of_o welshman_n who_o continue_v there_o and_o people_v the_o country_n which_o relation_n if_o true_a redound_v much_o to_o the_o glory_n of_o madoc_n who_o discover_v this_o vast_a region_n near_o three_o hundred_o year_n before_o the_o renown_a columbus_n first_o sail_v thither_o this_o isle_n have_v ancient_o three_o hundred_o sixty_o three_o village_n therein_o and_o be_v still_o well_o people_v have_v two_o market_n town_n seventy_o four_o parish_n church_n and_o be_v divide_v into_o six_o hundred_o it_o give_v the_o title_n of_o earl_n to_o james_n l._n annesly_n brecknockshire_n so_o call_v say_v the_o welsh_a from_o brechanius_n the_o father_n of_o a_o holy_a offspring_n who_o twenty_o four_o daughter_n be_v saint_n it_o have_v radnorshire_n on_o the_o north_n caermarthen_n west_n glamorgan_n south_n and_o hereford_n and_o monmouthshire_n east_n in_o breadth_n twenty_o eight_o and_o in_o length_n twenty_o miles_n it_o be_v full_a of_o hill_n and_o difficult_a in_o travel_v the_o mountain_n of_o talgar_n and_o ewias_n on_o the_o east_n seem_v to_o defend_v it_o from_o the_o excessive_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n which_o make_v a_o wholesome_a and_o temperate_a air_n from_o whence_o likewise_o rise_v many_o curious_a spring_n that_o render_v the_o valley_n fruitful_a both_o in_o corn_n and_o grass_n and_o thereby_o make_v amends_o for_o their_o own_o barrenness_n the_o silures_n be_v the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o this_o county_n who_o valiant_o oppose_v the_o roman_a servitude_n and_o be_v first_o subdue_v by_o julius_n frontinus_n who_o find_v it_o more_o difficult_a to_o encounter_v with_o the_o hill_n streights_n and_o mountain_n than_o with_o the_o people_n whereof_o one_o mountain_n in_o the_o south_n be_v of_o such_o a_o height_n and_o occult_a quality_n that_o faith_n mr._n speed_v i_o shall_v blush_v to_o relate_v it_o have_v i_o not_o the_o alderman_n and_o bailiff_n of_o the_o town_n of_o brecknock_n for_o my_o voucher_n who_o assure_v i_o that_o from_o this_o hill_n call_v mounch-denny_a they_o have_v ofttimes_o cast_v down_o their_o hat_n cloak_n and_o staff_n which_o yet_o will_v never_o fall_v to_o the_o bottom_n but_o be_v with_o the_o air_n and_o wind_n still_o return_v back_o and_o blow_v up_o again_o neither_o will_v any_o thing_n but_o a_o stone_n or_o hard_a metal_n fall_v from_o thence_o and_o the_o cloud_n be_v oft_o see_v low_o than_o the_o top_n of_o it_o there_o be_v likewise_o cadier_n arthur_n or_o arthur_n chair_n a_o hill_n so_o call_v on_o the_o south_n side_n of_o this_o country_n the_o top_n thereof_o somewhat_o resemble_v the_o form_n of_o a_o chair_n proportionate_a to_o the_o dimension_n which_o the_o welsh_a imagine_v that_o great_a and_o mighty_a person_n to_o be_v of_o upon_o the_o top_n thereof_o rise_v a_o spring_n as_o deep_a as_o a_o well_o four_o square_a have_v no_o stream_n issue_v from_o it_o and_o yet_o there_o be_v plenty_n of_o trout_n to_o be_v find_v therein_o they_o also_o tell_v he_o that_o when_o the_o mere_a lynsavathan_n two_o mile_n from_o brecknock_n have_v its_o freeze_a ice_n first_o break_v it_o yield_v a_o dreadful_a noise_n like_o thunder_n and_o it_o be_v report_v that_o where_o this_o mere_a now_o spread_v its_o water_n there_o former_o stand_v a_o fair_a city_n which_o be_v swallow_v up_o by_o a_o earthquake_n and_o it_o seem_v probable_a both_o because_o all_o the_o highway_n of_o this_o county_n lead_v thither_o and_o likewise_o the_o learned_a camden_n judge_v it_o may_v be_v the_o city_n loventrium_n which_o ptolemy_n place_v in_o these_o part_n and_o mr._n camden_n can_v not_o discover_v and_o therefore_o likely_a to_o be_v drown_v in_o this_o pool_n which_o the_o river_n levenny_n run_v hard_o by_o far_a confirm_v the_o water_n whereof_o run_v through_o this_o mere_a without_o mix_v with_o they_o as_o appear_v by_o the_o colour_n and_o breadth_n of_o the_o stream_n which_o be_v the_o same_o through_o the_o whole_a length_n of_o the_o pool_n this_o shire_n have_v former_o two_o town_n call_v hay_n and_o bealt_v pleasant_o situate_v both_o which_o in_o the_o rebellion_n of_o owen_n glendour_n be_v unwall_v depopulate_v and_o burn_v under_o who_o ruin_n many_o roman_a coin_n be_v find_v and_o therefore_o think_v to_o be_v two_o of_o their_o garrison_n bealt_v be_v former_o possess_v by_o aurelius_n ambrose_n and_o vortigern_n and_o afterward_o leoline_n the_o last_o prince_n of_o the_o
christian_a king_n in_o the_o world_n and_o britain_n the_o first_o kingdom_n that_o embrace_v the_o gospel_n by_o public_a authority_n after_o this_o he_o send_v two_o person_n to_o eleutherius_fw-la bishop_n of_o rome_n to_o desire_v the_o form_n of_o some_o law_n to_o govern_v his_o people_n by_o to_o which_o the_o bishop_n reply_v you_o desire_v we_o to_o send_v you_o the_o roman_a and_o imperial_a law_n for_o the_o reformation_n of_o the_o people_n and_o guidance_n of_o the_o king_n and_o kingdom_n of_o britain_n the_o roman_a law_n we_o altogether_o mislike_v but_o the_o law_n of_o god_n by_o no_o mean_n by_o the_o divine_a clemency_n you_o have_v of_o late_o receive_v the_o law_n and_o faith_n of_o christ_n into_o your_o kingdom_n you_o have_v with_o you_o the_o old_a and_o new_a testament_n out_o of_o they_o in_o god_n name_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o your_o counsellor_n take_v you_o a_o law_n and_o therewith_o by_o god_n permission_n govern_v your_o kingdom_n for_o you_o be_v god_n vicar_n therein_o etc._n etc._n by_o this_o we_o may_v see_v the_o vast_a difference_n between_o the_o humility_n and_o piety_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n in_o the_o primitive_a time_n and_o the_o pride_n cruelty_n and_o usurpation_n of_o the_o present_a synagogue_n of_o satan_n this_o epistle_n with_o two_o preacher_n fagianus_fw-la and_o daniranus_fw-la who_o the_o bishop_n send_v to_o king_n lucius_n prevail_v so_o much_o upon_o he_o that_o be_v baptise_a into_o the_o christian_a faith_n he_o convert_v the_o heathenish_a temple_n of_o the_o arch_n flamen_n and_o flamen_v into_o so_o many_o bishop_n see_v whereof_o london_n york_z and_o st._n david_n in_o wales_n be_v make_v the_o metropolitan_o a_o table_n that_o remain_v in_o st._n peter_n church_n in_o cornhill_n london_n record_n that_o king_n lucius_n found_v that_o church_n for_o a_o cathedral_n and_o likewise_o st._n peter_n westminster_n now_o the_o abbey_n and_o likewise_o dover_n castle_n he_o reign_v 12_o year_n and_o lie_v bury_v at_o gloucester_n and_o die_v without_o child_n leave_v the_o roman_a emperor_n his_o heir_n of_o who_o commodus_n succeed_v in_o who_o reign_n the_o roman_a legion_n in_o britain_n fall_v into_o divers_a mutiny_n because_o the_o emperor_n instead_o of_o senator_n and_o consul_n who_o use_v to_o command_v they_o put_v inferior_a person_n over_o they_o but_o helvius_n pertinax_n be_v send_v hither_o quiet_v all_o dissension_n with_o the_o severe_a punishment_n of_o the_o offender_n and_o at_o length_n by_o his_o policy_n he_o obtain_v the_o imperial_a dignity_n severus_n reign_v after_o he_o who_o albinus_n lieutenant_n of_o britain_n oppose_v and_o assist_v by_o the_o british_a youth_n fight_v a_o battle_n with_o he_o in_o france_n where_o albinus_n be_v defeat_v and_o severus_n confirm_v in_o the_o empire_n and_o then_o come_v over_o into_o britain_n endeavour_v to_o secure_v the_o country_n to_o himself_o by_o erect_v several_a wall_n and_o fort_n in_o the_o inland_n part_n and_o repair_v those_o with_o stone_n which_o be_v former_o of_o turf_n or_o earth_n and_o find_v the_o northern_a britain_n or_o scot_n very_o troublesome_a he_o build_v a_o wall_n or_o fortification_n for_o defend_v the_o more_o civilise_v from_o the_o savage_a and_o barbarous_a inhabitant_n this_o wall_n cross_v the_o whole_a island_n from_o sea_n to_o sea_n begin_v at_o the_o frith_n of_o solney_n in_o scotland_n and_o end_v at_o timnouth_n in_o length_n 132_o miles_n it_o be_v build_v with_o turf_n and_o timber_n with_o strong_a bulwark_n at_o a_o convenient_a distance_n near_z if_o not_o upon_o the_o foundation_n of_o the_o former_a call_v adrian's_n wall_n the_o ruin_n whereof_o be_v yet_o visible_a through_o the_o county_n of_o northumberland_n and_o cumberland_n for_o which_o act_n he_o surname_v himself_o britannicus_n and_o after_o 18_o year_n reign_n die_v at_o york_n in_o 212._o not_o so_o much_o of_o sickness_n say_v some_o author_n as_o of_o discontent_n and_o grief_n other_o say_v of_o a_o mortal_a wound_n give_v he_o by_o fulgence_n captain_n of_o the_o pict_n bassianus_n garacalla_n his_o son_n succeed_v he_o and_o hasten_v to_o rome_n offer_v very_o easy_a condition_n of_o peace_n to_o the_o yet_o resist_v britain_n who_o be_v tire_v with_o the_o long_a war_n accept_v thereof_o and_o hostage_n be_v give_v for_o conserve_n the_o same_o and_o now_o the_o royal_a title_n of_o king_n of_o britain_n be_v annex_v to_o the_o roman_a emperor_n they_o by_o their_o continual_a division_n for_o gain_v the_o imperial_a dignity_n give_v a_o long_a breathe_a time_n of_o peace_n to_o this_o harassed_a island_n so_o that_o little_a of_o action_n happen_v here_o till_o the_o reign_v of_o dioclesian_n and_o maximin_n in_o who_o time_n carausius_n be_v by_o the_o roman_n make_v admiral_n of_o the_o british_a sea_n to_o guard_v they_o against_o the_o piracy_n of_o the_o saxon_n and_o belgian_n he_o by_o connive_v at_o their_o robbery_n become_v rich_a and_o popular_a so_o that_o have_v notice_n the_o emperor_n have_v order_v he_o to_o be_v secret_o kill_v he_o by_o the_o aid_n of_o the_o pict_n and_o northern_a britain_n take_v upon_o he_o the_o title_n of_o emperor_n of_o rome_n and_o valiant_o defend_v his_o dignity_n for_o seven_o year_n at_o length_n maximin_n march_v to_o the_o british_a ocean_n with_o a_o powerful_a army_n but_o hear_v of_o the_o strength_n of_o carausius_n and_o want_v seaman_n he_o encamp_v on_o the_o french_a shoar_n and_o conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o he_o return_v back_o to_o rome_n carausius_n govern_v the_o britain_n with_o justice_n and_o peace_n for_o seven_o year_n repair_v the_o roman_a wall_n and_o defend_v they_o from_o their_o brutish_a enemy_n but_o be_v at_o length_n murder_v by_o his_o treacherous_a friend_n alectus_fw-la who_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o imperial_a purple_a the_o roman_n after_o the_o death_n of_o carausius_n resolve_v to_o attempt_v the_o recovery_n of_o this_o island_n and_o constantius_n with_o a_o potent_a army_n land_a here_o in_o a_o great_a fog_n without_o observation_n or_o hindrance_n at_o which_o alectus_fw-la be_v surprise_v be_v slay_v with_o most_o of_o his_o army_n the_o rest_n escape_v towards_o london_n design_v to_o plunder_n and_o burn_v it_o but_o the_o roman_n make_v such_o speed_n that_o they_o prevent_v they_o kill_v gallus_n their_o leader_n and_o throw_v his_o body_n into_o a_o brook_n that_o run_v through_o the_o city_n which_o be_v after_o call_v gallus_n his_o brook_n now_o walbrook_n after_o this_o these_o two_o tyrant_n dioclesian_n and_o maximin_n raise_v a_o dismal_a persecution_n in_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n whereby_o 17000_o christian_n man_n and_o woman_n be_v crown_v with_o martyrdom_n within_o the_o space_n of_o one_o month_n and_o in_o britain_n the_o church_n be_v demolish_v their_o bibles_n and_o other_o write_n burn_v and_o for_o 10_o year_n together_o the_o poor_a people_n be_v continual_o torment_v without_o intermission_n or_o any_o place_n be_v free_a from_o the_o blood_n of_o martyr_n who_o be_v constant_a in_o the_o profession_n of_o the_o faith_n among_o other_o st._n alban_n be_v behead_v at_o the_o town_n bear_v his_o name_n who_o fortunatus_n priscus_n mention_n albanum_fw-la egregium_fw-la faecunda_fw-la brittannia_fw-la profert_fw-la britain_n fruitful_a of_o all_o good_a wash_v with_o glorious_a alban_n blood_n his_o instructor_n in_o the_o christian_a religion_n amphiole_n or_o britain_n be_v afterward_o take_v and_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o same_o place_n be_v whip_v about_o a_o stake_n whereto_o his_o entrail_n be_v fasten_v and_o so_o wound_v out_o of_o his_o body_n and_o be_v last_o stone_v to_o death_n several_a other_o suffer_v as_o julius_n and_o aaron_n at_o leicester_n or_o rather_o coverleon_n in_o monmouthshire_n and_o so_o many_o at_o lichfield_n that_o the_o place_n become_v a_o golgotha_n or_o field_n of_o dead_a corpse_n and_o therefore_o the_o seal_n of_o arm_n of_o that_o city_n be_v charge_v with_o many_o martyr_n to_o this_o day_n but_o these_o two_o bloody_a emperor_n enjoy_v their_o honour_n a_o very_a short_a time_n for_o within_o a_o year_n after_o this_o bloody_a persecution_n they_o be_v both_o of_o they_o by_o the_o hand_n of_o god_n say_v eusebius_n strike_v with_o such_o a_o mad_a humour_n that_o they_o renounce_v the_o empire_n and_o lay_v aside_o the_o imperial_a robe_n dioclesian_n retire_v into_o dalmatia_n where_o he_o die_v rage_v of_o a_o terrible_a disease_n and_o maximinus_n hang_v himself_o at_o marseilles_n in_o france_n gallerius_n and_o constantius_n succeed_v they_o the_o last_o of_o who_o be_v a_o prince_n of_o singular_a piety_n towards_o god_n and_o clemency_n towards_o man_n be_v very_o kind_a to_o the_o christian_n and_o rebuild_v their_o church_n for_o which_o god_n so_o bless_v he_o say_v eusebius_n that_o this_o virtuous_a father_n leave_v a_o more_o virtuous_a son_n
be_v these_o that_o follow_v 1._o idwallo_n in_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 688._o call_v iror_n the_o son_n of_o alan_n 2._o roderick_n 3._o conan_n 4._o mervyn_n 5._o roderick_n surname_v the_o great_a who_o leave_v wales_n between_o his_o three_o son_n allot_v unto_o each_o his_o part_n the_o country_n be_v divide_v into_o north-wales_n south-wales_n and_o powys-land_n which_o have_v their_o several_a lord_n and_o prince_n north-wales_n fall_v to_o the_o share_n of_o amarawd_n the_o elder_a son_n of_o roderick_n mawr_z or_o the_o great_a the_o last_o king_n thereof_o with_o a_o superiority_n of_o power_n over_o both_o the_o rest_n who_o be_v but_o homager_n to_o this_o it_o contain_v the_o county_n of_o merion_v part_n of_o denbigh_n flint_n carnarvan_n and_o the_o isle_n of_o anglesey_n which_o be_v the_o more_o mountainous_a part_n and_o of_o difficult_a access_n consequent_o preserve_v their_o liberty_n long_o and_o do_v still_o keep_v their_o language_n from_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o english_a aberfraw_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o anglesey_n be_v the_o prince_n palace_n who_o be_v thence_o sometimer_n call_v king_n of_o aberfraw_n south-wales_n in_o the_o division_n of_o the_o country_n fall_v to_o cadel_n the_o second_o son_n comprehend_v the_o county_n of_o glamorgan_n pembroke_n carmarthen_n cardigan_n and_o part_n of_o brecknock_n which_o though_o the_o richâ—â—_n and_o most_o fruitful_a part_n of_o wales_n yet_o pembrokâ—_n and_o brecknock_n have_v their_o several_a king_n there_o remain_v only_a cardigan_n and_o carmarthen_n under_o the_o immediate_a subjection_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o south-wales_n who_o principal_a seat_n be_v at_o dynefar_n or_o dynevor_n castle_n not_o far_o from_o carmarthen_n who_o thence_o be_v call_v by_o their_o subject_n the_o king_n of_o dynevor_n powys-land_n be_v bestow_v by_o roderick_n upon_o his_o young_a son_n mervyn_n contain_v the_o county_n of_o montgomery_n and_o radnor_n with_o part_n of_o denbigh_n brecknock_n merion_v and_o shropshire_n his_o chief_a palace_n be_v matraval_n in_o montgomeryshire_n from_o whence_o the_o prince_n thereof_o be_v so_o call_v this_o country_n continue_v in_o the_o line_n of_o mervyn_n a_o long_a time_n together_o but_o much_o afflict_a and_o dismember_v by_o the_o prince_n of_o north-wales_n who_o cast_v a_o greedy_a eye_n upon_o it_o the_o last_o that_o hold_v it_o entire_a be_v meredith_n who_o leave_v it_o to_o his_o two_o son_n madoc_n and_o griffith_n of_o which_o madock_n die_v at_o winchester_n in_o 1160._o and_o griffith_n be_v by_o king_n henry_n i._o create_v lord_n powy_n the_o residue_n of_o powys-land_n which_o pertain_v to_o madock_n depend_v still_o upon_o the_o fortune_n of_o north-wales_n in_o these_o several_a division_n be_v different_a king_n and_o prince_n who_o long_o struggle_v with_o the_o saxon_n for_o their_o liberty_n but_o because_o we_o find_v very_o little_a mention_n of_o their_o action_n in_o our_o chronicle_n i_o shall_v proceed_v with_o the_o history_n of_o the_o saxon_n and_o dane_n and_o afterward_o give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o action_n of_o some_o of_o the_o welsh_a king_n and_o prince_n till_o that_o principality_n be_v whole_o subdue_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n the_o saxon_n according_a to_o the_o common_a fate_n of_o conqueror_n after_o they_o have_v subdue_v their_o enemy_n disagree_v among_o themselves_o and_o several_a of_o their_o prince_n encroach_v upon_o the_o territory_n of_o each_o other_o and_o so_o become_v petty_a monarch_n of_o some_o part_n of_o britain_n these_o be_v reckon_v to_o be_v â—ourteen_o in_o number_n till_o at_o last_o egbert_n the_o eighteen_o king_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_n get_v command_n over_o all_o the_o seven_o kingdom_n of_o the_o saxon_n and_o so_o become_v sole_a monarch_n of_o england_n which_o none_o of_o his_o predecessor_n before_o ever_o obtain_v he_o have_v war_n fourteen_o year_n with_o the_o cornish_a and_o welsh_a and_o take_v west-ch_a their_o chief_a hold_n from_o they_o make_v a_o strict_a law_n against_o any_o welcoman_n that_o shall_v pass_v over_o offa_n dike_n or_o set_v one_o foot_n within_o his_o english_a dominion_n he_o slay_v bernulf_n king_n of_o mercis_fw-la in_o battle_n and_o drive_v the_o king_n of_o kent_n out_o of_o his_o kingdom_n the_o east_n angle_n and_o east_n saxon_n submit_v to_o he_o and_o likewise_o the_o south_n saxon_n whereupon_o he_o cause_v himself_o to_o be_v crown_v absolute_a monarch_n at_o winchester_n and_o this_o monarchy_n continue_v in_o the_o saxon_n till_o the_o dane_n first_o get_v and_o then_o lose_v it_o again_o and_o the_o saxon_n issue_n fail_v upon_o their_o next_o entrance_n it_o than_o fall_v to_o the_o norman_n as_o by_o the_o sequel_n will_v appear_v in_o the_o fourteen_o year_n of_o egbert_n the_o dane_n with_o thirty_o three_o ship_n land_v in_o england_n to_o who_o he_o give_v battle_n but_o have_v the_o worst_a of_o the_o day_n lose_v two_o of_o his_o chief_a captain_n and_o two_o bishop_n but_o the_o dane_n return_v two_o year_n after_o into_o wales_n and_o join_v with_o the_o welsh_a egbert_n overcome_v both_o dane_n and_o welch_n together_o ethelwolph_n his_o son_n succeed_v after_o who_o reign_v ethelbald_a ethelbert_n ethelred_n and_o then_o alfred_n in_o who_o time_n the_o dane_n under_o roll_n a_o nobleman_n come_v over_o with_o a_o great_a army_n but_o by_o the_o valour_n of_o alfred_n be_v beat_v this_o virtuous_a prince_n divide_v the_o twenty_o four_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n and_o night_n into_o three_o equal_a part_n which_o he_o observe_v by_o the_o burn_a of_o a_o taper_n set_v in_o his_o chapel_n clock_n and_o watch_n be_v not_o then_o in_o use_n eight_o hour_n he_o spend_v in_o contemplation_n reading_n and_o prayer_n other_o eight_o for_o his_o repose_n and_o the_o necessary_n of_o life_n and_o the_o other_o eight_o in_o affair_n of_o state_n he_o divide_v the_o kingdom_n into_o shire_n hundred_o and_o tything_n for_o the_o better_a administration_n of_o justice_n and_o suppress_v of_o robber_n and_o felon_n which_o have_v so_o good_a effect_n that_o the_o people_n may_v travel_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o security_n yea_o say_v my_o author_n if_o bracelet_n of_o gold_n have_v be_v hang_v in_o the_o highway_n none_o dare_v have_v presume_v to_o have_v take_v they_o away_o he_o command_v all_o his_o subject_n who_o possess_v two_o hide_n of_o land_n to_o bring_v up_o their_o son_n in_o learning_n till_o they_o be_v at_o least_o fifteen_o year_n old_a assert_v that_o he_o account_v a_o man_n free_v bear_v and_o yet_o illiterate_a to_o be_v no_o better_o than_o a_o beast_n a_o sot_n and_o a_o brainless_a creature_n neither_o will_v he_o admit_v any_o into_o office_n that_o be_v not_o so_o he_o translate_v the_o holy_a gospel_n into_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n be_v devout_a in_o the_o service_n of_o god_n and_o a_o great_a protector_n of_o widow_n and_o orphan_n edward_n his_o elder_a son_n succeed_v he_o against_o who_o his_o nephew_n ethelwald_n rebel_v his_o sister_n elfleda_n have_v very_o hard_a travel_n of_o her_o first_o child_n whereupon_o she_o ever_o after_o forbear_v the_o nuptial_a embrace_n allege_v it_o to_o be_v a_o over-foolish_a pleasure_n which_o occasion_v such_o bitter_a pain_n and_o list_v herself_o a_o soldier_n under_o her_o brother_n she_o perform_v many_o valiant_a exploit_n against_o the_o dane_n against_o who_o edward_n obtain_v a_o great_a victory_n near_o wolverhampton_n wherein_o two_o of_o their_o king_n be_v slay_v with_o many_o of_o the_o nobility_n and_o a_o multitude_n of_o common_a soldier_n which_o procure_v he_o both_o fear_n and_o love_n from_o the_o people_n after_o his_o death_n ethelstane_n reign_v who_o be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o first_o anoint_v king_n of_o this_o island_n he_o enlarge_v his_o dominion_n far_o than_o he_o receive_v they_o he_o overthrow_v godfrey_n the_o danish_a king_n of_o northumberland_n howell_n king_n of_o wales_n and_o constantine_n king_n of_o scotland_n force_v they_o to_o submit_v to_o his_o pleasure_n after_o which_o he_o again_o restore_v they_o to_o their_o dignity_n glory_v that_o it_o be_v more_o honour_n to_o make_v a_o king_n than_o to_o be_v a_o king_n these_o action_n procure_v he_o much_o renown_n from_o his_o neighbour_n prince_n who_o court_v his_o friendship_n and_o send_v he_o curious_a present_n othy_n the_o emperor_n who_o marry_v his_o sister_n send_v he_o a_o curiosity_n rich_o set_v with_o precious_a stone_n very_o artificial_o contrive_v wherein_o be_v landscapes_a with_o vine_n corn_n and_o man_n seem_v so_o natural_o to_o move_v as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v real_a the_o king_n of_o norway_n send_v he_o a_o sumptuous_a ship_n rich_o guilt_n with_o purple_a sail_n the_o king_n of_o france_n send_v he_o a_o sword_n which_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v constantine_n the_o great_a the_o hilt_n whereof_o be_v all_o of_o gold_n and_o therein_o as_o they_o
say_v be_v one_o of_o the_o nail_n which_o fasten_v christ_n to_o the_o cross_n he_o likewise_o send_v the_o spear_n of_o charles_n the_o great_a report_v to_o be_v the_o same_o wherewith_o our_o saviour_n side_n be_v pierce_v also_o a_o part_n of_o the_o cross_n a_o piece_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o thorn_n and_o the_o banner_n of_o st._n maurice_n it_o be_v relate_v that_o this_o king_n ethelstane_n or_o athelstane_n in_o the_o three_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n be_v so_o harass_v by_o the_o dane_n that_o he_o be_v force_v to_o shut_v himself_o up_o in_o winchester_n city_n who_o propound_v to_o he_o either_o to_o submit_v and_o hold_v the_o realm_n of_o they_o or_o to_o determine_v the_o quarrel_n between_o two_o champion_n of_o each_o side_n the_o king_n be_v much_o perplex_v at_o these_o proposition_n because_o his_o three_o valiant_a knight_n guy_n earl_n of_o warwick_n who_o live_v in_o his_o reign_n or_o not_o at_o all_o one_o herand_n another_o courageous_a knight_n and_z earl_n rohand_o guy_n father-in-law_n be_v go_v to_o the_o holy_a land_n in_o this_o strait_a after_o he_o have_v pray_v for_o deliverance_n it_o be_v say_v he_o have_v a_o vision_n wherein_o he_o be_v direct_v to_o rise_v early_o the_o next_o morning_n and_o take_v two_o bishop_n with_o he_o to_o get_v up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o north_n gate_n of_o that_o city_n where_o he_o shall_v see_v a_o likely_a man_n clothe_v as_o a_o pilgrim_n barefoot_a and_o on_o his_o bare_a head_n a_o chaplet_n of_o white_a rose_n and_o that_o this_o shall_v be_v the_o man_n that_o shall_v conquer_v colebrand_n the_o danish_a gaint_n for_o so_o be_v his_o name_n and_o free_a the_o english_a from_o the_o danish_a bondage_n the_o next_o day_n the_o king_n thus_o attend_v at_o the_o gate_n see_v earl_n guy_n so_o habit_v be_v new_o arrive_v from_o jerusalem_n whereupon_o athelstane_n address_v himself_o to_o he_o desire_v he_o to_o accept_v the_o combat_n as_o be_v ordain_v by_o heaven_n to_o acquit_v this_o realm_n from_o tyranny_n guy_n reply_v my_o lord_n you_o may_v easy_o perceive_v that_o i_o be_o not_o in_o a_o condition_n to_o take_v upon_o i_o this_o fight_n be_v harass_v and_o weaken_v by_o daily_a travel_n lay_v this_o task_n therefore_o upon_o your_o stout_a and_o hardy_a soldier_n who_o you_o be_v wont_v very_o much_o to_o esteem_v ah_o say_v the_o king_n such_o indeed_o i_o have_v but_o they_o be_v go_v some_o to_o the_o holy_a land_n as_o one_o valiant_a knight_n call_v guy_n who_o be_v earl_n of_o warwick_n i_o have_v also_o a_o courageous_a servant_n name_v sir_n herand_n de_fw-fr ardene_n will_v to_o god_n they_o be_v now_o here_o for_o than_o will_v this_o duel_n be_v soon_o undertake_v and_o the_o war_n quick_o finish_v in_o speak_v which_o word_n the_o tear_n trickle_v down_o his_o cheek_n which_o make_v such_o impression_n upon_o the_o pilgrim_n that_o he_o engage_v to_o undertake_v the_o combat_n upon_o the_o day_n appoint_v guy_n put_v on_o the_o king_n best_a armour_n the_o sword_n of_o constantine_n the_o great_a st._n maurice_n his_o lance_n and_o one_o of_o the_o king_n be_v best_a courser_n he_o ride_v through_o winchester_n appear_v like_o a_o most_o accomplish_a knight_n and_o go_v to_o the_o place_n appoint_v which_o be_v in_o a_o valley_n call_v chiltecumb_n where_o colebrand_n soon_o after_o come_v so_o load_v with_o armour_n that_o his_o horse_n can_v scarce_o bear_v he_o and_o a_o cart_n drive_v before_o he_o fill_v with_o danish_a axe_n great_a club_n with_o knob_n of_o iron_n square_a bar_n of_o steel_n and_o iron_n hook_n to_o pluck_v his_o adversary_n to_o he_o thus_o march_v disdainful_o along_o and_o see_v sir_n guy_n in_o the_o height_n of_o pride_n he_o command_v he_o to_o come_v off_o his_o horse_n and_o throw_v himself_o with_o submission_n at_o his_o foot_n but_o the_o gallant_a pilgrim_n disregard_v his_o word_n commend_v himself_o to_o heaven_n put_v spur_n to_o his_o horse_n and_o at_o the_o first_o encounter_v pierce_v the_o giant_n be_v shield_n with_o such_o force_n that_o his_o lance_n break_v into_o shivers_n which_o so_o enrage_v the_o giant_n that_o come_v up_o furious_o he_o kill_v guy_n horse_n who_o be_v dismount_v dangerous_o wound_v colebrand_n the_o combat_n have_v last_v for_o some_o time_n the_o giant_n faint_v and_o fall_v with_o loss_n of_o blood_n and_o guy_n immediate_o cut_v off_o his_o head_n threeby_o free_v england_n at_o present_a from_o the_o insult_a dane_n after_o all_o which_o he_o offer_v his_o sword_n in_o the_o cathedral_n of_o winchester_n which_o be_v long_o after_o keep_v in_o the_o vestry_n and_o call_v colebrand_n axe_n the_o other_o relic_n of_o guy_n mr._n drayton_n thus_o describe_v thy_o statue_n guy_n cliff_n keep_v the_o gazer_n eye_n to_o please_v warwick_n thy_o mighty_a arm_n thou_o mighty_a hercules_n thy_o strong_a and_o massy_a sword_n that_o never_o be_v control_v which_o as_o her_o ancient_a right_n her_o castle_n still_o do_v hold_v thus_o much_o for_o earl_n guy_n who_o live_v in_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 929._o this_o king_n ethelstane_n by_o the_o insinuation_n of_o his_o cupbearer_n become_v incense_v against_o his_o brother_n as_o if_o he_o have_v contrive_v treason_n against_o he_o who_o therefore_o order_v he_o to_o be_v put_v into_o a_o small_a vessel_n without_o tackle_n or_o oar_n and_o so_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o mercy_n of_o the_o sea_n wherewith_o the_o young_a prince_n be_v so_o overwhelm_v with_o sorrow_n that_o he_o throw_v himself_o headlong_o into_o the_o sea_n who_o ghost_n the_o king_n endeavour_v to_o appease_v by_o a_o voluntary_a penance_n of_o seven_o year_n and_o build_v two_o monastery_n neither_o do_v the_o treacherous_a cupbearer_n escape_v vengeance_n for_o on_o a_o festival_n day_n as_o he_o be_v busy_a in_o wait_v one_o of_o his_o foot_n drip_v he_o recover_v himself_o by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o other_o and_o thereupon_o pleasant_o say_v you_o may_v see_v now_o how_o one_o brother_n can_v help_v another_o this_o speech_n sudden_o recall_v to_o the_o king_n mind_n the_o death_n of_o his_o innocent_a brother_n whereupon_o he_o cause_v the_o cupbearer_n who_o be_v the_o procurer_n thereof_o to_o be_v immediate_o execute_v edmund_z the_o five_o son_n of_o king_n edward_n succeed_v and_o after_o he_o edred_n his_o six_o son_n then_o edwy_n or_o edwin_n the_o elder_a son_n of_o edmund_n be_v crown_v at_o kingston_n upon_o thames_n who_o be_v of_o a_o lascivious_a temper_n for_o it_o be_v relate_v that_o on_o the_o very_a day_n of_o his_o coronation_n he_o sudden_o leave_v his_o nobility_n and_o go_v into_o a_o private_a room_n to_o debauch_v a_o great_a lady_n his_o near_a kinswoman_n who_o husband_n he_o soon_o after_o slay_v st._n dunstan_n who_o be_v present_a and_o then_o abbot_n of_o glastenbury_n follow_v the_o king_n into_o his_o chamber_n and_o lead_v he_o out_o by_o the_o hand_n accuse_v he_o before_o odo_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n by_o who_o he_o be_v severe_o reprove_v and_o forbid_v he_o the_o company_n of_o that_o woman_n the_o king_n be_v hereat_o enrage_v against_o dunstan_n and_o banish_v he_o out_o of_o the_o land_n and_o become_v so_o great_a a_o enemy_n to_o the_o order_n of_o monk_n that_o he_o expel_v many_o of_o they_o out_o of_o their_o monastery_n and_o put_v marry_v priest_n in_o their_o place_n the_o people_n have_v a_o great_a opinion_n of_o the_o holiness_n of_o dunstan_n and_o be_v offend_v at_o the_o king_n severity_n towards_o he_o and_o other_o irregularity_n they_o turn_v their_o affection_n to_o edgar_n his_o brother_n and_z removing_z edwin_n from_o his_o princely_a dignity_n edgar_n be_v make_v king_n in_o his_o stead_n for_o very_a grief_n whereof_o he_o soon_o waste_v away_o and_o die_v in_o 959._o edgar_z be_v call_v the_o peaceable_a he_o maintain_v the_o kingdom_n in_o great_a glory_n and_o prosperity_n his_o navy_n royal_a be_v say_v to_o consist_v of_o three_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o ship_n with_o which_o he_o every_o summer_n sail_v round_o his_o land_n to_o secure_v the_o sea_n from_o pirate_n he_o cause_v ludwal_n prince_n of_o wales_n to_o pay_v he_o three_o hundred_o wolf_n yearly_a instead_o of_o a_o former_a tribute_n in_o money_n whereby_o england_n and_o wales_n which_o be_v former_o very_o much_o overrun_v be_v now_o so_o free_v that_o there_o be_v scarce_o a_o wolf_n to_o be_v find_v alive_a he_o be_v very_o severe_a upon_o his_o judge_n if_o he_o find_v they_o guilty_a of_o bribery_n and_o partiality_n ride_v the_o circuit_n himself_o every_o year_n for_o that_o purpose_n yet_o among_o all_o these_o virtue_n he_o be_v say_v to_o be_v very_o voluptuous_a especial_o towards_o woman_n not_o spare_v the_o very_a nun_n which_o sound_v so_o ill_o that_o dunstan_n take_v the_o boldness_n to_o
ruler_n he_o bring_v to_o be_v his_o tributary_n who_o at_o hereford_n enter_v into_o covenant_n to_o pay_v he_o yearly_a twenty_o pound_n weight_n in_o gold_n three_o hundred_o weight_n of_o silver_n and_o two_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o head_n of_o cattle_n with_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o hawk_n and_o hound_n towards_o the_o payment_n of_o which_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o howel_n dha_n the_o king_n of_o aberfraw_n be_v charge_v at_o sixty_o six_o pound_n the_o prince_n of_o dynever_n and_o the_o prince_n of_o powy_n the_o like_a sum_n this_o ethelstane_n confine_v the_o britain_n who_o hitherto_o have_v enjoy_v the_o city_n of_o exeter_n with_o the_o same_o right_n as_o the_o saxon_n into_o the_o further_a promontory_n of_o cornwall_n enlarge_a his_o dominion_n beyond_o any_o saxon_a king_n before_o he_o in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n 1053_o the_o irish_a with_o 36_o ship_n enter_v the_o river_n severne_n and_o with_o the_o assistance_n of_o griffith_n king_n or_o prince_n of_o north-wales_n burn_v and_o destroy_v all_o they_o meet_v with_o against_o who_o alfred_n bishop_n of_o worcester_n march_v with_o considerable_a force_n be_v defeat_v many_o of_o his_o soldier_n be_v slay_v and_o the_o rest_n put_v to_o flight_n which_o much_o elevate_a the_o welsh_a so_o that_o rice_n the_o brother_n of_o griffith_n make_v many_o incursion_n into_o the_o english_a territory_n and_o carry_v away_o great_a booty_n till_o at_o length_n he_o be_v rout_v and_o slay_v at_o bulenden_n and_o his_o head_n present_v to_o king_n edward_n at_o gloucester_n two_o year_n after_o the_o king_n have_v banish_v algar_n the_o son_n of_o leofrike_n earl_n of_o chester_n without_o cause_n he_o with_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o welsh_a and_o irish_a under_o grissith_o who_o have_v marry_v his_o daughter_n much_o endamage_v the_o english_a defeat_v rodulf_n earl_n of_o hereford_n with_o the_o slaughter_n of_o five_o hundred_o man_n deface_v that_o city_n and_o burn_v the_o minster_n with_o many_o other_o mischief_n against_o who_o harold_n son_n to_o earl_n godwin_n afterward_o king_n and_o slay_v by_o william_n the_o conqueror_n be_v send_v who_o prosecute_v the_o war_n with_o much_o courage_n and_o conduct_n pursue_v his_o fly_a enemy_n and_o pass_v through_o north-wales_n encamp_v upon_o snowdon_n hill_n but_o the_o earl_n and_o griffith_n not_o dare_v to_o come_v to_o a_o engagement_n flee_v from_o thence_o to_o south-wales_n and_o again_o take_v possession_n of_o hereford_n of_o which_o harold_n have_v notice_n march_v thither_o with_o all_o diligence_n and_o soon_o recover_v the_o city_n fortify_v it_o with_o a_o deep_a trench_n and_o a_o high_a rampire_n and_o for_o prevent_v of_o bloodshed_n and_o ingratitude_n to_o algar_n who_o have_v free_o resign_v his_o earldom_n to_o harold_n upon_o his_o return_n from_o exile_n a_o peace_n be_v conclude_v and_o at_o harold_n request_n king_n edward_n pardon_v both_o he_o and_o griffith_n but_o algar_n raise_v fresh_a disturbance_n and_o again_o assist_v by_o his_o old_a friend_n griffith_n recover_v his_o earldom_n of_o chester_n by_o arm_n at_o which_o the_o king_n be_v high_o offend_v especial_o with_o griffith_n who_o be_v always_o ready_a to_o appear_v against_o he_o and_o harold_n be_v a_o second_o time_n make_v general_n and_o with_o a_o great_a army_n enter_v north-wales_n without_o sight_n of_o a_o enemy_n whereupon_o he_o burn_v down_o the_o stately_a palace_n of_o prince_n griffith_n and_o so_o return_v to_o the_o king_n but_o the_o welsh_a be_v not_o long_o quiet_a and_o griffith_n inflame_v with_o revenge_n with_o the_o great_a strength_n he_o can_v raise_v make_v inroad_n into_o ihe_a english_a border_n upon_o which_o harold_n be_v send_v a_o three_o time_n against_o they_o who_o burst_v into_o wales_n with_o such_o mighty_a force_n that_o prince_n griffith_n doubt_v the_o success_n withdraw_v secret_o from_o his_o camp_n leave_v his_o soldier_n to_o fight_v for_o themselves_o if_o they_o please_v who_o find_v their_o prince_n have_v desert_v they_o the_o whole_a army_n yield_v themselves_o to_o harold_n mercy_n and_o have_v seize_v upon_o gaiffith_n they_o cut_v off_o his_o head_n and_o send_v it_o to_o harold_n give_v he_o hostage_n for_o their_o future_a obedience_n and_o for_o payment_n of_o the_o ancient_a tribute_n which_o for_o some_o time_n have_v be_v deny_v after_o which_o king_n edward_n keep_v a_o severe_a eye_n over_o the_o welsh_a make_v a_o law_n that_o if_o any_o of_o that_o nation_n shall_v pass_v arm_v over_o offa_n ditch_n his_o right_a hand_n shall_v be_v cut_v off_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o william_n the_o conqueror_n roger_n earl_n of_o hereford_n raise_v a_o rebellion_n against_o he_o in_o that_o country_n be_v assist_v by_o the_o welsh_a but_o it_o be_v soon_o suppress_v and_o the_o earl_n take_v and_o banish_v into_o normandy_n the_o king_n use_v great_a severity_n against_o the_o welsh_a put_v out_o the_o eye_n of_o some_o hang_v other_o upon_o gibbet_n and_o they_o that_o escape_v best_o be_v forever_o banish_v their_o country_n and_o afterward_o enter_v wales_n with_o a_o great_a army_n he_o oblige_v the_o prince_n thereof_o who_o be_v unable_a to_o resist_v to_o do_v he_o homage_n at_o st._n david_n and_o take_v hostage_n for_o their_o peaceable_a demeanour_n he_o return_v as_o a_o victorious_a conqueror_n in_o 1095._o william_n rufus_n find_v the_o welsh_a often_o attempt_v mischief_n against_o the_o english_a resolve_v to_o make_v a_o full_a conquest_n of_o they_o and_o redouble_v his_o usual_a force_n draw_v into_o the_o marsh_n of_o wales_n and_o their_o encamp_v call_v a_o council_n of_o war_n to_o consult_v how_o to_o prosecute_v his_o design_n against_o they_o who_o find_v their_o own_o weakness_n to_o oppose_v they_o according_a to_o their_o usual_a manner_n secure_v themselves_o in_o their_o wood_n and_o mountain_n and_o other_o inaccessible_a place_n upon_o which_o the_o king_n send_v hugh_n montgomery_n earl_n of_o shrewsbury_n and_o hugh_n lupus_n earl_n of_o chester_n into_o the_o isle_n of_o anglesey_n who_o there_o execute_v great_a cruelty_n on_o the_o people_n cut_v off_o the_o hand_n nose_n and_o arm_n of_o the_o resister_n spare_v neither_o age_n sex_n nor_o place_n sacred_a or_o profane_a from_o destruction_n at_o which_o very_a time_n mâ—gous_n king_n of_o norway_n land_v there_o in_o hope_n to_o conquer_v the_o island_n who_o the_o english_a earl_n oppose_v with_o all_o their_o might_n arm_v at_o all_o point_n yet_o montgomery_n through_o the_o sight_n of_o his_o beaver_n be_v shoot_v with_o a_o arrow_n into_o the_o right_a eye_n whereof_o he_o die_v in_o 1107._o those_o fleming_n which_o his_o brother_n rufus_n have_v settle_v in_o cumberland_n who_o land_n the_o sea_n have_v overwhelm_v some_o year_n before_o be_v by_o king_n henry_n i._o remove_v into_o ross_n in_o wales_n both_o to_o free_v the_o inland_a country_n from_o such_o a_o burden_n and_o to_o keep_v the_o welsh_a in_o obedience_n which_o project_n answer_v his_o expectation_n for_o say_v giraldus_n they_o be_v a_o colony_n of_o stout_a man_n enure_v to_o the_o war_n and_o likewise_o clothier_n and_o husbandman_n as_o time_n and_o place_n require_v and_o most_o loyal_o devote_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n whereby_o they_o keep_v the_o country_n in_o subjection_n for_o some_o time_n yet_o 1114._o griffith_n ap_fw-mi conan_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n and_o owen_n ap_fw-mi cadogan_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n make_v inroad_n upon_o the_o land_n of_o gilbert_n strangbow_n hugh_n earl_n of_o chester_n and_o other_o english_a gentleman_n and_o so_o incense_v the_o king_n by_o these_o outrage_n that_o in_o a_o rage_n he_o vow_v he_o will_v not_o leave_v one_o alive_a in_o north_n or_o south_n wales_n and_o go_v thither_o in_o person_n divide_v his_o army_n into_o three_o part_n to_o catch_v if_o possible_a these_o nimble_a combatant_n who_o at_o his_o approach_n be_v get_v again_o to_o their_o old_a recess_n however_o with_o much_o difficulty_n he_o pursue_v and_o kill_v many_o of_o they_o in_o their_o hill_n and_o wood_n and_o the_o rest_n yield_v to_o king_n henry_n who_o return_v home_o with_o much_o satisfaction_n in_o 1121._o king_n henry_n be_v again_o disquiet_v by_o the_o welsh_a under_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi beldin_n prince_n of_o powis-land_n and_o the_o three_o son_n of_o cadogan_n who_o break_v into_o the_o marsh_n of_o cheshire_n and_o burn_v two_o castle_n against_o who_o the_o king_n march_v with_o strong_a force_n send_v the_o main_a of_o his_o army_n and_o carriage_n the_o common_a road_n but_o himself_o with_o a_o select_a company_n take_v a_o near_a way_n through_o the_o strait_n and_o mountain_n which_o the_o welshman_n have_v notice_n of_o they_o lay_v a_o ambush_n who_o courageous_o set_v upon_o they_o and_o rain_v down_o shower_n of_o arrow_n on_o they_o from_o the_o high_a ground_n
whereby_o many_o of_o the_o english_a be_v slay_v and_o one_o arrow_n aim_v at_o the_o king_n shoot_v he_o on_o the_o breast_n but_o by_o his_o armour_n be_v hinder_v from_o do_v far_o mischief_n whereat_o he_o be_v little_o concern_v only_o swear_v by_o our_o lord_n death_n his_o usual_a oath_n that_o he_o be_v sure_o that_o arrow_n be_v shoot_v by_o own_o of_o his_o follower_n and_o not_o by_o a_o welshman_n at_o length_n find_v he_o shall_v gain_v little_a and_o may_v lose_v much_o of_o the_o honour_n he_o have_v gain_v in_o this_o barren_a country_n he_o conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o the_o welsh_a prince_n give_v they_o a_o thousand_o head_n of_o cattle_n and_o so_o return_v to_o london_n in_o 1138._o owen_n and_o cadwallader_n the_o son_n of_o griffith_n ap_fw-mi conan_n prince_n of_o wales_n make_v a_o irruption_n into_o the_o pale_a and_o do_v much_o damage_n carry_v away_o much_o spoil_v of_o good_n horse_n arm_n and_o other_o habiliment_n of_o war_n which_o king_n stephen_n be_v not_o able_a to_o revenge_v be_v sufficient_o encumber_a in_o defend_v his_o crown_n which_o maud_n the_o empress_n upon_o pretence_n of_o a_o better_a title_n endeavour_v to_o deprive_v he_o of_o under_o the_o conduct_n of_o her_o brother_n in_o law_n robert_n earl_n of_o gloucester_n king_n stephen_n besiege_v ramilph_n earl_n of_o chester_n and_o earl_n robert_n in_o lincoln_n who_o issue_v out_o of_o the_o city_n resolve_v to_o give_v the_o king_n battle_n be_v assist_v with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o welsh_a as_o well_o as_o englishman_n before_o the_o fight_n the_o earl_n of_o chester_n animate_v his_o soldier_n by_o tell_v they_o that_o he_o give_v they_o unfeigned_a thanks_o for_o hazard_v their_o life_n in_o so_o just_a a_o cause_n against_o a_o faithless_a king_n and_o that_o he_o himself_o will_v lead_v they_o amid_o the_o strong_a troop_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o seem_v already_o in_o his_o own_o thought_n to_o be_v break_v through_o they_o and_o trample_v on_o the_o neck_n of_o their_o chief_a captain_n yea_o pierce_v with_o his_o sword_n the_o very_a heart_n of_o king_n stephen_n himself_o not_o doubt_v but_o they_o will_v follow_v their_o leader_n and_o by_o his_o example_n quick_o put_v their_o perfidious_a adversary_n to_o flight_n on_o the_o other_o side_n baldwin_n king_n stephen_n general_n tell_v his_o man_n that_o the_o justice_n of_o their_o cause_n oblige_v they_o to_o defend_v their_o valiant_a king_n to_o who_o they_o have_v swear_v allegiance_n and_o who_o presence_n courage_n and_o conduct_v aught_o more_o to_o encourage_v they_o than_o thousand_o of_o man_n what_o be_v robert_n the_o bastard_n their_o general_n say_v he_o but_o a_o boast_a coward_n who_o can_v speak_v big_a but_o perform_v little_a have_v a_o lion_n voice_n but_o the_o heart_n of_o a_o hare_n and_o what_o be_v chester_n earl_n but_o a_o hare-brained_a audacious_a man_n without_o judgement_n or_o courage_n and_o what_o be_v the_o welshman_n which_o he_o have_v with_o he_o be_v they_o not_o fit_a for_o our_o contempt_n than_o fear_n who_o be_v naked_a unarmed_a and_o without_o any_o military_a discipline_n run_v headlong_o like_o wild_a beast_n upon_o the_o javelin_n and_o spear_n of_o the_o hunter_n and_o the_o rest_n be_v only_a straggler_n and_o runagate_n who_o will_v never_o endure_v the_o force_n of_o your_o puissant_a arms._n after_o this_o a_o bloody_a battle_n be_v fight_v but_o at_o length_n king_n stephen_n horse_n give_v way_n and_o the_o foot_n be_v thereby_o expose_v they_o allfle_v together_o leave_v the_o king_n almost_o alone_o in_o the_o field_n a_o strange_a sight_n it_o be_v say_v the_o historian_n to_o see_v king_n stephen_n leave_v almost_o alone_o and_o yet_o none_o dare_v approach_v he_o who_o grind_v his_o tooth_n and_o foam_a like_o a_o furious_a wild_a boar_n with_o his_o battle_n axe_n drive_v whole_a troop_n before_o he_o cut_v down_o great_a number_n of_o they_o to_o the_o eternal_a renown_n of_o his_o courage_n so_o that_o if_o but_o a_o hundred_o like_o himself_o have_v stand_v by_o he_o a_o whole_a army_n have_v not_o be_v able_a to_o surprise_v his_o person_n yet_o he_o still_o defend_v himself_o till_o first_o his_o battle-ax_n and_o then_o his_o sword_n fly_v in_o piece_n by_o his_o irresistible_a blow_n so_o that_o be_v leave_v weaponless_a he_o be_v strike_v down_o with_o a_o great_a stone_n and_o take_v prisoner_n yet_o he_o afterward_o regain_v his_o liberty_n and_o his_o crown_n and_o die_v a_o king_n after_o have_v reign_v near_o 19_o year_n in_o 1170._o the_o welsh_a surprise_v the_o town_n of_o cardigan_n under_o rice_n ap_fw-mi griffith_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n and_o take_v therein_o the_o governor_n robert_n fitz_n stephens_n a_o valiant_a norman_a who_o can_v not_o procure_v his_o liberty_n upon_o any_o other_o term_n than_o by_o forever_o renounce_v all_o right_a and_o title_n to_o his_o estate_n and_o possession_n in_o the_o principality_n of_o wales_n which_o hard_a condition_n he_o be_v oblige_v to_o accept_v and_o join_v with_o dermot_n one_o of_o the_o five_o king_n of_o ireland_n who_o at_o that_o time_n come_v over_o to_o crave_v aid_n from_o king_n henry_n ii_o be_v instrumental_a in_o conquer_a that_o kingdom_n and_o annex_v it_o to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n in_o 1199._o king_n richard_n i._o resolve_v to_o make_v a_o voyage_n for_o the_o recovery_n of_o the_o holy_a land_n or_o jerusalem_n he_o resolve_v to_o leave_v all_o quiet_a at_o home_n and_o rice_n ap_fw-mi griffith_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n be_v then_o in_o amity_n come_v as_o far_o as_o oxford_n to_o wait_v upon_o he_o but_o because_o the_o king_n who_o be_v there_o go_v not_o out_o of_o the_o city_n in_o person_n to_o meet_v he_o as_o his_o father_n henry_n have_v do_v though_o earl_n john_n the_o king_n brother_n have_v conduct_v he_o from_o the_o marsh_n with_o all_o the_o mark_n of_o honour_n and_o esteem_v this_o haughty_a welsh_a prince_n take_v it_o in_o such_o great_a scorn_n and_o indignation_n that_o he_o present_o return_v back_o into_o his_o country_n without_o once_o see_v or_o salute_v king_n richard_n who_o by_o this_o disrespect_n lose_v rice_n love_n and_o favour_n as_o upon_o the_o like_a omission_n and_o superorlousness_n the_o stately_a monk_n austin_n former_o lose_v the_o affection_n of_o the_o monk_n of_o bangor_n rice_n own_o countryman_n in_o another_o part_n of_o wales_n in_o 1211._o leolin_n ap_fw-mi jorwith_n prince_n of_o wales_n though_o he_o have_v a_o while_n before_o make_v his_o submission_n to_o king_n john_n plunder_v several_a english_a town_n in_o the_o marsh_n which_o cause_v the_o king_n to_o raise_v a_o great_a army_n to_o reduce_v he_o to_o obedience_n whereupon_o leoline_n order_v all_o his_o people_n to_o convey_v their_o cattle_n and_o good_n of_o value_n to_o the_o almost_o inaccessible_a place_n upon_o snowdon_n hill_n however_o the_o english_a pursue_v they_o with_o so_o much_o speed_n vigour_n and_o revenge_n for_o their_o continual_a loss_n that_o their_o prince_n and_o chief_a lord_n be_v compel_v to_o accept_v of_o what_o term_v the_o king_n will_v allow_v they_o whereby_o they_o be_v oblige_v both_o by_o oath_n homage_n and_o hostage_n and_o likewise_o by_o grant_v all_o their_o land_n to_o the_o king_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o he_o forever_o to_o buy_v their_o peace_n and_o save_v themselves_o from_o be_v utter_o extirpate_v out_o of_o their_o country_n in_o 1230._o king_n henry_n iii_o have_v give_v the_o castle_n of_o montgomery_n to_o his_o great_a favourite_n aubert_n de_fw-fr burgh_n the_o english_a garrison_n issue_v out_o with_o intent_n to_o root_v up_o all_o the_o tree_n near_o a_o wood_n about_o five_o mile_n long_o where_o traveller_n use_v to_o â—erobbed_a and_o murder_v which_o the_o welsh_a will_v by_o no_o mean_n permit_v fall_v upon_o the_o soldier_n and_o drive_v they_o into_o the_o castle_n upon_o which_o the_o king_n march_v thither_o and_o not_o only_o suppress_v these_o mutineer_n but_o set_v the_o whole_a forest_n in_o a_o flame_n from_o hence_o he_o pierce_v far_a into_o wales_n and_o burn_v a_o place_n call_v cridia_n and_o then_o begin_v to_o raise_v a_o new_a fort_n for_o bridle_v the_o native_n which_o whilst_o he_o be_v do_v david_n prince_n of_o wales_n march_v towards_o he_o with_o his_o force_n be_v encourage_v by_o many_o great_a man_n in_o king_n henry_n army_n who_o be_v confederate_n with_o he_o and_o a_o great_a battle_n be_v fight_v where_o many_o be_v slay_v on_o both_o side_n and_o afterward_o by_o the_o treachery_n of_o these_o english_a baron_n provision_n grow_v so_o very_o scare_v that_o the_o king_n be_v compel_v to_o yield_v to_o a_o dishonourable_a peace_n namely_o to_o raze_v to_o the_o ground_n the_o new_a fort_n now_o almost_o finish_v that_o william_n bruce_n a_o valiant_a commander_n
oftentimes_o when_o the_o king_n charge_v they_o with_o affront_a his_o lord_n lieutenant_n they_o unanimous_o answer_v that_o they_o be_v very_o willing_a to_o be_v subject_a to_o any_o prince_n he_o shall_v nominate_v provide_v he_o be_v a_o welshman_n bear_v the_o king_n perceive_v their_o inflexible_a temper_n resolve_v to_o gratify_v they_o by_o a_o politic_a stratagem_n he_o thereupon_o send_v secret_o to_o the_o queen_n who_o be_v then_o big_a with_o child_n that_o she_o shall_v come_v to_o he_o with_o all_o speed_n to_o carnarvan_n and_o when_o she_o be_v nigh_o her_o time_n of_o delivery_n he_o order_v all_o the_o welsh_a nobility_n and_o gentry_n to_o appear_v before_o he_o at_o ruthland_n castle_n to_o consult_v about_o the_o public_a welfare_n of_o their_o country_n when_o they_o be_v come_v he_o detain_v they_o till_o he_o have_v notice_n that_o the_o queen_n be_v deliver_v of_o a_o son_n at_o carnarvan_n and_o then_o call_v they_o together_o he_o tell_v they_o that_o they_o have_v often_o petition_v he_o to_o have_v a_o prince_n to_o rule_v they_o he_o be_v now_o go_v out_o of_o their_o country_n will_v nominate_v one_o to_o they_o provide_v they_o will_v promise_v to_o accept_v and_o obey_v he_o the_o welshman_n answer_v they_o will_v be_v willing_o obedient_a to_o he_o provide_v he_o be_v their_o own_o countryman_n ay_o say_v the_o king_n i_o will_v assure_v you_o that_o he_o be_v bear_v in_o wales_n that_o he_o can_v speak_v never_o a_o word_n of_o english_a and_o that_o he_o never_o do_v any_o wrong_n to_o man_n woman_n or_o child_n the_o welshman_n be_v very_o joyful_a of_o their_o good_a fortune_n promise_v true_a subjection_n to_o he_o whereupon_o he_o name_v his_o own_o new_a bear_v son_n edward_n firname_v carnarvan_n from_o the_o place_n of_o his_o birth_n and_o from_o that_o time_n the_o elder_a son_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v be_v entitle_v prince_n of_o wales_n this_o prince_n succeed_v his_o father_n by_o the_o name_n of_o king_n edward_n ii_o he_o be_v a_o comely_a person_n and_o of_o great_a strength_n but_o much_o give_v to_o drink_v which_o make_v he_o often_o disclose_v his_o secret_n for_o his_o other_o condition_n his_o great_a fault_n be_v his_o inordinate_a love_n to_o garestone_n and_o the_o spencer_n who_o be_v person_n of_o lewd_a life_n endeavour_v to_o debauch_v he_o with_o wine_n and_o woman_n and_o occasion_v many_o mischief_n and_o grievance_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o which_o the_o nobility_n and_o people_n be_v so_o sensible_a that_o when_o they_o find_v he_o irreclaimable_a they_o resolve_v to_o depose_v he_o and_o set_v his_o young_a son_n edward_n on_o the_o throne_n his_o queen_n likewise_o join_v with_o the_o lord_n therein_o who_o go_v over_o to_o france_n she_o there_o contract_v a_o marriage_n between_o her_o son_n edward_n and_o philippe_n daughter_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o heynault_n by_o who_o be_v aid_v with_o force_n she_o land_v at_o orwell_n near_o harwich_n in_o suffolk_n the_o lord_n immediate_o resort_v to_o she_o and_o the_o londoner_n incline_v to_o take_v her_o part_n the_o king_n find_v his_o evil_a counsellor_n the_o spencer_n and_o other_o can_v do_v he_o little_a service_n therefore_o ship_n themselves_o for_o the_o isle_n of_o lundy_n they_o be_v by_o tempest_n cast_v upon_o the_o coast_n of_o wales_n and_o the_o king_n secure_v himself_o in_o a_o monastery_n in_o glamorganshire_n but_o soon_o after_o both_o he_o and_o his_o favourite_n be_v take_v from_o thence_o they_o be_v hang_v and_o quarter_v and_o he_o himself_o be_v depose_v by_o parliament_n have_v be_v first_o persuade_v to_o make_v a_o formal_a resignation_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o at_o length_n he_o be_v commit_v a_o prisoner_n to_o berkley_n castle_n near_o bristol_n where_o he_o be_v miserable_o murder_v by_o have_v a_o red_a hot_a iron_n or_o spit_v thrust_v up_o into_o his_o body_n ii_o edward_n of_o windsor_n so_o call_v from_o the_o place_n of_o his_o birth_n the_o son_n of_o this_o unfortunate_a king_n be_v the_o second_o prince_n of_o wales_n of_o the_o english_a royal_a blood_n upon_o the_o depose_v of_o his_o father_n by_o the_o parliament_n it_o be_v resolve_v that_o he_o shall_v be_v advance_v to_o the_o throne_n which_o this_o young_a prince_n refuse_v unless_o his_o father_n resign_v the_o government_n which_o he_o be_v oblige_v to_o do_v and_o so_o his_o son_n be_v proclaim_v king_n by_o the_o name_n of_o edward_n iii_o who_o afterward_o prove_v a_o glorious_a and_o renown_a prince_n his_o minority_n be_v but_o four_o year_n old_a when_o he_o be_v crown_v though_o it_o may_v palliate_v can_v so_o take_v off_o the_o scandal_n of_o not_o prevent_v his_o death_n who_o give_v he_o life_n but_o that_o there_o remain_v a_o great_a blemish_n upon_o his_o memory_n for_o be_v a_o master_n of_o so_o much_o reason_n as_o to_o pause_v upon_o it_o as_o he_o do_v upon_o the_o first_o motion_n of_o put_v his_o father_n to_o death_n it_o may_v be_v think_v he_o have_v power_n enough_o to_o have_v prevent_v the_o execution_n it_o be_v a_o violation_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o likewise_o of_o ill_a example_n since_o the_o people_n may_v use_v he_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n if_o he_o outlive_v their_o affection_n or_o his_o own_o discretion_n but_o his_o revenge_n upon_o mortimer_n seem_v to_o declare_v he_o real_o innocent_a or_o that_o he_o abhor_v the_o world_n shall_v think_v otherwise_o whereby_o he_o so_o far_o reconcile_v himself_o to_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o vulgar_a that_o he_o seldom_o want_v friend_n during_o his_o long_a reign_n as_o he_o never_o want_v a_o occasion_n to_o make_v use_n of_o they_o he_o be_v a_o prince_n of_o that_o admirable_a composure_n of_o body_n and_o mind_n that_o fortune_n seem_v to_o have_v fall_v in_o love_n with_o he_o elevate_a he_o so_o far_o above_o the_o reach_n of_o envy_n or_o treachery_n that_o all_o the_o neighbour_n prince_n dazzle_v with_o the_o splendour_n of_o his_o glory_n give_v place_n to_o he_o who_o from_o the_o very_a first_o ascent_n to_o the_o throne_n have_v a_o prospect_n of_o two_o crown_n more_o than_o he_o be_v bear_v to_o the_o one_o place_v within_o his_o reach_n which_o be_v scotland_n the_o other_o that_o of_o france_n which_o be_v more_o remote_a to_o the_o attain_v the_o first_o there_o be_v a_o fair_a opportunity_n offer_v by_o the_o irreconcilable_a contest_v of_o two_o rival_n king_n david_n bruce_n and_o edward_n balliol_n who_o right_o and_o interest_n be_v so_o even_o poize_v that_o king_n edward_n power_n can_v easy_o turn_v the_o scale_n to_o the_o recovery_n of_o france_n there_o be_v yet_o a_o fair_a opportunity_n give_v he_o by_o the_o revolt_n of_o philip_n of_o artois_n a_o prince_n of_o the_o blood_n royal_a and_o brother_n in_o law_n to_o philip_n of_o valois_n the_o present_a french_a king_n who_o upon_o discontent_n come_v over_o and_o discover_v all_o the_o secret_n of_o the_o french_a counsel_n to_o king_n edward_n assure_v he_o of_o the_o affection_n of_o several_a of_o the_o french_a nobility_n and_o now_o the_o two_o king_n set_v up_o their_o title_n to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n edward_n be_v near_o by_o blood_n but_o draw_v his_o pedigree_n from_o a_o female_a philip_n be_v far_o off_o but_o descend_v of_o all_o male_n and_o because_o the_o law_n salic_a which_o exclude_v woman_n from_o reign_v in_o france_n be_v conceive_v as_o well_o to_o exclude_v all_o descendant_n from_o female_n therefore_o be_v philip_n title_n accept_v the_o french_a obstinate_o declare_v that_o they_o will_v never_o tie_v the_o succession_n of_o that_o crown_n to_o a_o distaff_n to_o which_o king_n edward_n reply_v that_o he_o will_v then_o tie_v it_o to_o his_o sword_n with_o the_o english_a take_v part_v the_o emperor_n and_o the_o chief_a prince_n of_o germany_n with_o the_o french_a the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n the_o two_o duke_n of_o austria_n the_o earl_n of_o flanders_n the_o duke_n of_o savoy_n and_o divers_a prince_n of_o italy_n together_o with_o his_o enrage_a neighbour_n david_n bruce_n king_n of_o scot_n a_o weak_a but_o restless_a enemy_n against_o who_o king_n edward_n have_v set_v up_o edward_n balliol_n as_o competitor_n and_o to_o who_o assistance_n he_o send_v a_o army_n towards_o scotland_n and_o at_o hallydown_o hill_n near_o berwick_n the_o scot_n be_v utter_o defeat_v about_o thirty_o two_o thousand_o soldier_n be_v slay_v with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n after_o this_o king_n edward_n gain_v a_o glorious_a victory_n over_o the_o french_a at_o the_o battle_n of_o cressy_n and_o another_o at_o poitiers_n wherein_o john_n king_n of_o france_n be_v take_v prisoner_n and_o david_n king_n of_o scot_n with_o a_o army_n of_o threescore_o thousand_o man_n a_o second_o time_n
reluctancy_n in_o one_o so_o young_a as_o himself_o for_o he_o be_v scarce_o twelve_o year_n of_o age_n to_o be_v contract_v to_o the_o princess_n his_o brother_n widow_n for_o which_o marriage_n a_o dispensation_n by_o advice_n of_o the_o most_o learned_a man_n at_o that_o time_n in_o christendom_n be_v by_o pope_n julius_n ii_o grant_v and_o so_o the_o marriage_n be_v solemnize_v soon_o after_o at_o the_o bishop_n of_o salisbury_n house_n in_o fleetstreet_n after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o father_n he_o succeed_v to_o the_o crown_n by_o the_o name_n of_o king_n henry_n viii_o his_o reign_n be_v long_o and_o full_a of_o action_n but_o the_o great_a be_v his_o renounce_v the_o pope_n supremacy_n and_o suppress_v of_o many_o unnecessary_a abbey_n and_o monastery_n and_o thereby_o lay_v a_o foundation_n for_o the_o happy_a reformation_n that_o follow_v he_o be_v exceed_v tall_a of_o stature_n very_o strong_a and_o fair_a of_o complexion_n a_o prince_n of_o so_o many_o good_a part_n that_o it_o may_v be_v wonder_v he_o have_v any_o ill_a reither_o indeed_o have_v he_o many_o till_o flattery_n and_o ill_a counsel_n in_o his_o latter_a time_n prevail_v upon_o he_o his_o cruelty_n to_o his_o wife_n some_o endeavour_n to_o excuse_v by_o say_v that_o if_o they_o be_v incontinent_a he_o do_v but_o justice_n if_o they_o be_v not_o so_o yet_o he_o think_v it_o sufficient_a to_o satisfy_v his_o conscience_n that_o he_o have_v cause_n to_o believe_v they_o so_o and_o if_o marriage_n be_v honourable_a in_o all_o in_o prince_n it_o be_v sacred_a in_o suppress_v of_o abbey_n he_o show_v no_o little_a piety_n but_o great_a providence_n for_o though_o they_o be_v excellent_a thing_n be_v right_o use_v the_o most_o pernicious_a be_v abuse_v and_o then_o may_v the_o use_n be_v just_o suppress_v when_o the_o abuse_n can_v scarce_o possible_o be_v restrain_v to_o think_v he_o suppress_v they_o from_o covetousness_n be_v to_o make_v he_o extreme_o deceive_v in_o his_o reckon_n for_o by_o compare_v the_o profit_n with_o the_o charge_n he_o must_v needs_o be_v a_o great_a loser_n by_o the_o bargain_n he_o be_v so_o far_o from_o pride_n that_o he_o be_v rather_o too_o humble_a at_o least_o he_o converse_v with_o his_o subject_n in_o a_o more_o familiar_a manner_n than_o be_v usual_a with_o prince_n so_o valiant_a that_o his_o whole_a life_n almost_o be_v exercise_n of_o valour_n and_o though_o perform_v among_o his_o friend_n in_o jest_n yet_o they_o prepare_v he_o against_o his_o enemy_n in_o earnest_n and_o they_o that_o dare_v be_v his_o enemy_n find_v it_o so_o it_o may_v be_v say_v the_o complexion_n of_o his_o government_n for_o the_o first_o twenty_o year_n be_v sanguine_a and_o jovial_a for_o the_o rest_n choleric_a and_o bloody_a so_o that_o it_o be_v a_o question_n whether_o in_o the_o former_a he_o be_v more_o prodigal_a of_o his_o own_o treasure_n or_o in_o the_o latter_a part_n of_o his_o subject_n blood_n for_o as_o he_o spend_v more_o in_o mask_n show_n and_o fiction_n than_o any_o other_o king_n do_v in_o reality_n so_o in_o any_o distempes_n of_o his_o people_n he_o use_v no_o other_o physic_n but_o to_o open_v a_o vein_n but_o it_o will_v be_v injurious_a to_o his_o memory_n to_o charge_v all_o the_o blood_n spill_v in_o his_o reign_n to_o his_o account_n they_o be_v the_o popish_a bishop_n that_o make_v those_o bloody_a law_n and_o the_o bloody_a bishop_n that_o put_v they_o in_o execution_n the_o king_n oftentimes_o scarce_o know_v what_o be_v do_v certain_a it_o be_v when_o bishop_n gardiner_n put_v a_o gentlewoman_n i_o suppose_v mrs._n ann_n askew_n a_o second_o time_n on_o the_o rack_n the_o king_n hear_v of_o it_o extreme_o condemn_v he_o for_o such_o barbarous_a cruelty_n as_o for_o religion_n though_o he_o bring_v it_o not_o to_o a_o full_a reformation_n yet_o he_o give_v a_o good_a beginning_n thereunto_o they_o that_o charge_v he_o with_o the_o vice_n of_o lust_n let_v they_o show_v such_o another_o example_n of_o continence_n as_o be_v see_v in_o he_o to_o lie_v six_o month_n by_o a_o young_a lady_n and_o not_o to_o touch_v she_o for_o so_o he_o do_v by_o the_o lady_n ann_n of_o cleve_n it_o be_v record_v of_o he_o that_o in_o his_o latter_a time_n he_o grow_v so_o fat_a and_o slothful_a that_o engine_n be_v make_v to_o lift_v and_o remove_v he_o up_o and_o down_o but_o however_o in_o the_o fifty_o six_o year_n of_o his_o age_n either_o by_o a_o dropsy_n or_o a_o ulcer_n in_o his_o leg_n he_o fall_v into_o a_o languish_a fever_n which_o bring_v he_o into_o such_o extremity_n that_o his_o physician_n utter_o despair_v of_o his_o life_n and_o yet_o none_o dare_v acquaint_v he_o with_o it_o till_o mr._n denny_n of_o his_o privy_a chamber_n venture_v to_o tell_v he_o of_o his_o danger_n and_o put_v he_o in_o mind_n of_o prepare_v for_o death_n to_o which_o he_o answer_v that_o he_o confess_v his_o sin_n to_o be_v exceed_o great_a yet_o he_o have_v such_o confidence_n in_o the_o mercy_n of_o god_n through_o christ_n jesus_n that_o he_o doubt_v not_o of_o forgiveness_n though_o they_o have_v be_v much_o great_a and_o be_v ask_v whether_o he_o will_v have_v a_o divine_a he_o answer_v he_o will_v willing_o have_v archbishop_n cranmer_n but_o not_o till_o he_o have_v take_v a_o little_a rest_n the_o archbishop_n be_v then_o at_o croyden_n be_v send_v for_o but_o before_o he_o come_v the_o king_n be_v grow_v speechless_a only_o seem_v somewhat_o sensible_a put_v out_o his_o hand_n and_o the_o archbishop_n desire_v he_o to_o show_v some_o sign_n of_o his_o faith_n in_o christ_n he_o then_o wring_v he_o hard_o by_o the_o hand_n and_o immediate_o give_v up_o the_o ghost_n jan._n 28._o 1547._o in_o the_o fifty_o six_o year-of_a his_o age_n and_o of_o his_o reign_n the_o thirty_o eight_o his_o body_n with_o great_a solemnity_n be_v bury_v at_o windsor_n under_o a_o very_a stately_a tomb_n begin_v in_o copper_n and_o gild_a but_o never_o finish_v xii_o edward_n the_o only_a son_n and_o successor_n of_o king_n henry_n viii_o be_v the_o twelve_o prince_n of_o wales_n of_o the_o english_a race_n he_o be_v a_o excellent_a prince_n in_o his_o tender_a year_n be_v commit_v to_o the_o tuition_n of_o dr._n cox_n he_o profit_v in_o learning_n to_o admiration_n attain_v in_o a_o short_a time_n to_o speak_v free_o several_a language_n namely_o greek_a latin_a french_a italian_a spanish_a and_o dutch_a and_o likewise_o have_v great_a knowledge_n in_o many_o other_o science_n so_o that_o he_o seem_v rather_o to_o be_v bear_v than_o to_o be_v bring_v up_o to_o they_o for_o he_o be_v not_o ignorant_a of_o logic_n natural_a philosophy_n nor_o music_n and_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o his_o youthful_a recreation_n be_v will_v be_v always_o sure_a to_o observe_v his_o hour_n for_o study_n so_o that_o the_o famous_a cardanus_n come_v into_o england_n and_o have_v often_o conference_n with_o he_o give_v this_o character_n of_o he_o that_o he_o have_v a_o extraordinary_a insight_n into_o the_o politic_n be_v well_o read_v in_o philosophy_n and_o divinity_n and_o in_o a_o word_n a_o miracle_n of_o art_n and_o nature_n he_o will_v answer_v ambassador_n on_o the_o sudden_a either_o in_o french_a or_o latin_n he_o know_v the_o state_n of_o foreign_a prince_n perfect_o and_o his_o own_o more_o he_o can_v call_v all_o the_o gentleman_n of_o quality_n in_o his_o kingdom_n by_o their_o name_n and_o all_o when_o he_o have_v scarce_o yet_o attain_v to_o the_o age_n of_o fifteen_o year_n he_o be_v extraordinary_a zealous_a in_o the_o true_a religion_n banish_v popery_n and_o perfect_a that_o reformation_n which_o be_v but_o just_o begin_v in_o his_o father_n reign_n he_o be_v very_o merciful_a and_o averse_a from_o take_v away_o the_o life_n of_o his_o subject_n for_o proof_n whereof_o there_o be_v this_o instance_n one_o joan_n butcher_n be_v condemn_v to_o be_v burn_v for_o notorious_a blasphemy_n and_o heresy_n his_o whole_a council_n can_v not_o persuade_v he_o to_o sign_n the_o warrant_n for_o her_o execution_n but_o be_v fain_o to_o get_v archbishop_n cranmer_n to_o prevail_v with_o he_o who_o use_v many_o argument_n to_o persuade_v he_o what_o say_v he_o will_v you_o have_v i_o send_v her_o quick_a to_o the_o devil_n in_o her_o error_n but_o when_o the_o bishop_n show_v he_o the_o necessity_n of_o it_o he_o sign_v it_o weep_v and_o say_v well_o my_o lord_n i_o will_v lay_v all_o the_o blame_n upon_o you_o at_o the_o day_n of_o judgement_n he_o be_v very_o charitable_a and_o upon_o a_o sermon_n preach_v by_o bishop_n ridley_n of_o the_o excellency_n of_o charity_n he_o give_v and_o endow_v three_o hospital_n for_o the_o poor_a in_o the_o city_n of_o london_n 1._o christ_n hospital_n for_o poor_a child_n and_o orphan_n 2._o
all_o or_o any_o of_o which_o book_n i_o refer_v the_o reader_n for_o far_a satisfaction_n be_v unwilling_a to_o repeat_v or_o that_o any_o shall_v pay_v twice_o for_o the_o same_o matter_n remarkable_a observation_n upon_o the_o most_o memorable_a person_n and_o place_n in_o wales_n and_o a_o account_n of_o several_a considerable_a transaction_n and_o passage_n that_o have_v happen_v for_o many_o hundred_o year_n past_a together_o with_o the_o natural_a and_o artificial_a rarity_n and_o wonder_n in_o the_o several_a county_n of_o that_o principality_n part_n iii_o great_a britain_n comprehend_v the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n and_o scotland_n and_o be_v a_o island_n in_o the_o ocean_n divide_v by_o antiquity_n into_o three_o part_n the_o first_o and_o great_a call_v loegria_n be_v contain_v within_o the_o french_a sea_n the_o river_n severne_n dee_n and_o humber_n to_o the_o german_a ocean_n now_o call_v england_n the_o second_o contain_v all_o the_o land_n northward_o from_o humber_n to_o the_o deucalidonian_a sea_n now_o call_v scotland_n the_o three_o lie_v between_o the_o irish_a sea_n and_o the_o river_n severne_n and_o dee_n and_o be_v call_v cambria_n now_o wales_n some_o author_n add_v a_o four_o division_n call_v cornubia_n now_o cornwall_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o all_o four_o differ_v in_o language_n humour_n and_o custom_n among_o themselves_o my_o design_n at_o present_a be_v to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o wales_n have_v already_o treat_v of_o england_n in_o a_o book_n call_v admirable_a curiosity_n rarity_n and_o wonder_n in_o every_o county_n thereof_o and_o i_o intend_v to_o proceed_v in_o the_o same_o method_n in_o this_o principality_n wales_n be_v situate_v on_o the_o west_n and_o northwest_o part_n of_o england_n over_o against_o the_o kingdom_n of_o ireland_n and_o appear_v like_o a_o promontory_n oâ—_n foreland_n be_v surround_v by_o the_o sea_n almost_o on_o every_o side_n except_o on_o the_o southeast_n part_n where_o it_o be_v divide_v from_o england_n by_o the_o river_n severn_n and_o by_o a_o ditch_n draw_v from_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi to_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n wye_n be_v a_o hundred_o mile_n from_o east_n to_o west_n and_o a_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o mile_n from_o north_n to_o south_n the_o forename_a ditch_n be_v call_v claudh_n offa_n because_o make_v by_o offa_n king_n mercia_n of_o a_o great_a depth_n and_o breadth_n thereby_o to_o confine_v the_o welsh_a into_o narrow_a limit_n who_o enact_v that_o if_o any_o welshman_n be_v find_v on_o the_o east_n side_n of_o this_o ditch_n he_o shall_v forfeit_v his_o right_a hand_n but_o that_o law_n be_v long_o since_o repeal_v and_o the_o loyal_a and_o valiant_a welsh_a have_v for_o several_a age_n pass_v enjoy_v the_o same_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n with_o the_o other_o subject_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n it_o be_v divide_v into_o three_o part_n that_o be_v north-wales_n south-wales_n and_o powis-land_n by_o roderick_n the_o great_a in_o 877._o as_o you_o have_v hear_v which_o prove_v the_o confusion_n of_o wales_n their_o prince_n be_v common_o at_o war_n with_o the_o english_a or_o among_o themselves_o to_o enlarge_v and_o defend_v their_o several_a dominion_n of_o these_o three_o north-wales_n be_v the_o chief_a be_v leave_v to_o amarawd_n the_o elder_a son_n of_o roderick_n the_o prince_n whereof_o by_o way_n of_o eminency_n be_v style_v prince_n of_o wales_n and_o sometime_o king_n of_o aberfrow_n their_o chief_a residence_n and_o pay_v to_o the_o king_n of_o london_n as_o well_o as_o the_o prince_n of_o south-wales_n and_o powis-land_n sixty_o three_o pound_n yearly_a as_o a_o tribute_n yet_o south-wales_n call_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n dehenbarth_n or_o the_o right_a side_n as_o be_v near_o the_o sun_n be_v the_o large_a most_o fruitful_a and_o rich_a but_o more_o subject_a to_o the_o invasion_n and_o depredation_n of_o the_o english_a and_o flemings_n and_o therefore_o north-wales_n be_v secure_v by_o its_o hill_n and_o mountain_n be_v prefer_v before_o it_o and_o retain_v more_o of_o the_o purity_n of_o the_o welsh_a tongue_n however_o this_o make_v the_o soil_n lean_a and_o hungry_a but_o that_o be_v supply_v by_o the_o large_a quantity_n thereof_o which_o occasion_v this_o pleasant_a passage_n a_o english_a gentleman_n in_o discourse_n with_o a_o worshipful_a knight_n of_o wales_n boast_v that_o that_o he_o have_v in_o england_n so_o much_o ground_n worth_a 40_o s._n a_o acre_n the_o welsh_a gentleman_n reply_v you_o have_v ten_o yard_n of_o velvet_n and_o i_o have_v two_o hundred_o yard_n of_o freeze_v i_o will_v not_o exchange_v with_o you_o there_o be_v likewise_o in_o wales_n very_o pleasant_a meadow_n water_v by_o fine_a river_n and_o as_o the_o sweet_a flesh_n be_v say_v to_o be_v near_o the_o bone_n so_o the_o most_o delicious_a valley_n be_v interpose_v betwixt_o these_o mountain_n the_o native_n be_v general_o healthy_a strong_a swift_a and_o witty_a which_o be_v impute_v to_o the_o clear_a and_o wholesome_a air_n of_o the_o mountain_n the_o cleanly_a and_o moderate_a diet_n of_o the_o people_n and_o the_o hardship_n to_o which_o they_o be_v enure_v from_o their_o childhood_n the_o ancient_a britain_n paint_a their_o naked_a body_n with_o picture_n of_o live_a creature_n flower_n sun_n moon_n and_o star_n thereby_o as_o they_o imagine_v to_o appear_v terrible_a to_o their_o enemy_n yet_o some_o more_o civil_a be_v clothe_v and_o as_o a_o great_a ornament_n wear_v chain_n of_o iron_n about_o their_o waste_v and_o neck_n and_o ring_n on_o their_o middle_a finger_n they_o wear_v the_o hair_n of_o their_o head_n long_o which_o be_v natural_o curl_v in_o many_o all_o other_o part_n they_o shave_v only_o wear_v long_a whisker_n on_o their_o upper_a lip_n they_o have_v ten_o or_o twelve_o wife_n a_o piece_n who_o live_v in_o common_a among_o their_o parent_n and_o brethren_n yet_o the_o child_n be_v only_o account_v his_o who_o first_o marry_v the_o mother_n while_o she_o be_v a_o maid_n they_o be_v bring_v up_o in_o common_a among_o they_o they_o be_v moderate_a in_o their_o diet_n as_o milk_n root_n and_o bark_n of_o tree_n and_o a_o little_a thing_n no_o big_a than_o a_o bean_n which_o for_o a_o great_a while_n take_v away_o both_o hunger_n and_o thirst_n neither_o will_v they_o eat_v hen_n hare_n goose_n nor_o fish_n yet_o will_v often_o dine_v upon_o venison_n and_o fruit_n their_o usual_a drink_n be_v make_v of_o barley_n they_o be_v report_v by_o plutarch_n to_o have_v live_v very_o long_o many_o to_o a_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o year_n they_o be_v idolatrous_a heathen_n as_o to_o their_o religion_n use_v man_n flesh_n in_o their_o sacrifice_n and_o adore_v a_o multitude_n of_o idol_n their_o priest_n be_v call_v druid_n who_o manage_v their_o sacrifice_n and_o likewise_o act_v as_o temporal_a judge_n in_o all_o civil_a matter_n and_o it_o be_v high_o criminal_a not_o abide_v by_o their_o judgement_n they_o be_v excuse_v from_o the_o war_n and_o all_o contribution_n they_o have_v a_o primate_n who_o command_v over_o they_o in_o chief_a their_o divinity_n be_v that_o the_o soul_n be_v immortal_a and_o pass_v from_o one_o body_n to_o another_o which_o doctrine_n they_o teach_v not_o out_o of_o book_n but_o by_o word_n of_o mouth_n their_o building_n be_v low_o mean_a cottage_n like_o those_o of_o the_o gaul_n or_o boor_n of_o france_n yet_o they_o fortify_v several_a thick_a wood_n with_o rampire_n and_o ditch_n which_o they_o call_v to_n brass_n and_o iron_n ring_n be_v the_o coin_n they_o use_v which_o be_v of_o a_o certain_a weight_n but_o afterward_o they_o grow_v more_o civil_a by_o traffic_n and_o have_v both_o gold_n and_o silver_n money_n their_o chief_a trade_n be_v in_o chain_n wreath_n ivory_n box_n bit_n and_o bridle_n with_o some_o toy_n of_o amber_n and_o glass_n neither_o be_v their_o ship_n more_o considerable_a their_o chief_n vessel_n be_v make_v of_o light_a wood_n cover_v over_o with_o leather_n their_o usual_a way_n of_o fight_v be_v in_o military_a chariot_n neither_o do_v they_o engage_v in_o great_a body_n but_o have_v still_o fresh_a man_n to_o succeed_v those_o who_o retire_v or_o be_v weary_a their_o weapon_n be_v shield_n and_o short_a spear_n at_o the_o low_a end_n whereof_o be_v fasten_v a_o round_a bell_n of_o brass_n with_o which_o they_o terrify_v their_o enemy_n many_o time_n they_o fight_v under_o the_o conduct_n of_o valiant_a woman_n who_o be_v extraordinary_a courageous_a they_o manage_v their_o chariot_n so_o dexterous_o that_o run_v downa_fw-la steep_a hill_n with_o all_o speed_n they_o can_v stop_v they_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o their_o course_n the_o principality_n of_o wales_n produce_v mine_n and_o among_o other_o royal_a mine_n of_o silver_n in_o cardiganshire_n in_o the_o mountain_n of_o cosmelock_n tallabant_fw-la gadarren_n bromfloid_n geginnon_n and_o cummerrum_fw-la the_o