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A53065 The worlds olio written by the Right Honorable, the Lady Margaret Newcastle. Newcastle, Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of, 1624?-1674. 1655 (1655) Wing N873; ESTC R17513 193,895 242

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and joyn the words but understood nothing of the sense of the World until my Lord who was learned by experience as my Master instructed me reading several lectures therof to me and expounding the hard and obscure passages therein of which I have learnt so much as to settle my minde on the ground of peace wherein I have built an house of happinesse entertaining my self with my own thoughts which thoughts were like travellers seldom at home and when they returned brought nothing but vanity and uneasy fashions busying themselves on that as nothing concern'd them or could any wayes advantage them troubling themselves with trifles putting my minde in disorder but since my Lord hath learnt me the way of fortifying it with patience lest our enemy misfortune should surprise it and to set sentinels of truth lest falshood should undermine it and to make Commanders of Honour lest flattery should betray it Thus my minde is become an absolute Monark ruling alone my thoughts as a peaceable Common-wealth and my life an expert Souldier which my Lord setled composed and instructed The third part of the first BOOK A Tyrannical power never lasts THat power never lasts which falshood got and Tyranny strives to keep unlesse tyranny be the natural constitution of the government and then it is most commonly the longest livd like men that were born and bred to hardship but should a body be born and bred renderly be used roughly and exposed nakedly fed coursly it would be destroyed soon For a governor in a Common-wealth is like a private family as for example a man that first begins to keep a house and makes laws and sets rules though the laws be hard and unjust and the rules strickt and rigorous yet there is no dispute nor grumbling because he was the first setter up or beginner of that family his means being his own either by inheritance or by his merits or by his industry wherefore he hath power to order it or dispose of it as he will and his wife and servants never accustomed to any other government before willingly submit and his children born under it it is as natural to them but if this man dies and the wife marries again or that he is over-ruled by some friend and they begin to usurp and to alter the customs by making new laws and to set other rules although they are more commodious easie pleasant and plentiful yet being unusual the servants begin to murmur the children to complain factions and side-taking grows until there is a falling out where words and blows will passe and the estate neglected and so wasted by cosenage or sold or wasted by riot and there is no help for it unlesse they change their dwelling and take new servants that never were acquainted with the old and get more children that knew not the first breeding and another Virgin wife thus the the mother children and servants must be destroyed of the first government and new ones for the second government The same is for Common-wealths for first absolute power must be got Secondly all old laws must be abolished Thirdly strangers must come to inhabit to settle a government for mixt laws of old and new will no more agree in government then crosse humours in a private family Of Courts COurts should be a patern and an example of vertue to all the rest of the kingdom being the ruler and chief head to direct the body of state but most commonly instead of clemency justice modesty friendship temperance humility and unity there is faction pride ambition luxury covetousnesle hate envy slander treachery flattery impudence and many the like yet they are oft-times covered with a vaile of smooth professions and protestations which glisters like gold when it is a copper'd tinsel but to study Court-ship is rather to study dissembling formality then noble reality Of a lawful Prince or inhereditary Prince A Prince that is born to a just title becomes carelesse as thinking his right to his Crown is a sufficient warrant or born for the loyalty of his Subjects which makes him trust the conduct of his greatest affaires to those he favours most as thinking his care and pains a superfluity Thus he becom's as ignorant to the affaires of his kingdom as his subjects of his abilities For few Kings know throughly the laws made by their predecessours but what themselves make nor the humours of the people nor the strength nor weaknesse of their kingdom wheras an usurper dares trust none but himself which makes him more wise in governing more sure in keeping knowing the condition of the kingdom better by experience which he gets by practice and the humors of the people which he gets by observation which gives him abilitie of judgement to chose fit men for proper places where otherwise he may put the asle where the fox should be and the sheep where the Lion should be the serpent where the dove should be and thus misplacing of men in several offices and commands is many times the ruine of a kingdom whereas an usurper being a subject most commonly knows better to command like as a middle region knows better what is below it then the highest region doth so those men that are subject to Authority can see better then when they have full power of command but the way is so dangerous as a kingdom seldom escapes from an unrecoverable ruine Of an Vsurper OF all Princely and Monarchical Governours an Usurper grows most commonly the justest and wisest Prince when he is once setled in his possession unlesse fear of being dispossest infects his thoughts and so grows furious with a distempered jelousie which brings the plague of Tyranny breaking out in sores of cruelty and they shall sooner want means and life then he will industry for his safety but otherwise if he have so much courage to subdue his fears he becoms an excellent Prince for what with his ambition to be thought better then his predecessor and that the subject might not repine at the change and out of a covetousnesse to keep his power and to settle it upon his posterity and out of a Luxurious desire to enjoy it peaceably that he might reap the plenty thereof makes him become more careful and circum spect in executing justice and more prudent and industrious in making good and prositable laws to tie the hearts of the people more firm unto him that their love may wipe out his ill title and thus settles his new and false authority by an insinuating Government Clemency makes the greatest Monarch HE is the greatest Monarch that is most beloved of the subject because he hath not onely the power over mens bodies but over their minds where he that is hated and feared hath only a power of the body but the minde is a rebel and stands out against him thus freedom makes obedience when bondage and slavery is but a forced authority because content is not there and there is more labour
desire Power because they would be like to a God but Tyrants may be said to keep their Power by the sweat of their Brows 54. To keep the Common People in order they must be awed with Fear as well as nourished with Love or flattered with Hopes 55. What hopes can People have of a King to govern a Kingdome when he doth not reform his own Houshold but lets it run into Faction and Disorder 56. The Service to Kings is Allegiance 57. The Service to Nature is Self preservation 58. The Service to God is a Pure Life and Unfeigned Love 59. The Reward from Kings is Outward Honour 60. The Reward from Nature is Death 61. The Reward from God Eternal Life 62. Every one is afraid of Tyrannie that is under Subjection but when Tyrannie turns from it self to Clemency then Love comes where Fear was 63. The best way for Princes to keep up Authority is to make good Laws to distribute Justice to correct Vice to reward Virtue to countenance Industry to provide for the safety of Nation and People 64. A Man that suffers all Injuries is a Fool but to suffer some or to suffer a Moderation is Patience 65. For Patience is the way to Folly as Fury or Choler to Madness 66. To put up or pass by an Injury from those that have power seems to proceed from Fear but to pass by an Injury from the powerless seems Heroick 67. Of all Virtues Patience hath the fewest Passions mixt with it and though it seems unsensible yet it seeth clearly into its own Misfortunes for Patience belongs to the Misfortunes that concern a Mans self 68. Yet Patience should not be a Bawd to a Mans ruine 69. There is none can be so patient as those that have suffered much 70. The Designs of Hate are easier followed and oftner practiced than of Love for one may easier take Revenge of a Foe than deliver Life and Liberty to a Friend 71. There is none so apt to revenge as those that have been forgiven 72. There is none so sorrowfull as those that want Means and Waies to make Satisfaction 73. Many times Guiltiness is more confident than Innocency 74. There is as much difference betwixt Pleasure and Joy as Sorrow and Melancholy for one disorders the Spirits the other composes them An overplus of Joy is like those that are drunk for it makes the Head of Reason dissy There are many sorts of Melancholy but Love-Melancholy makes them cry out O Pleasing Pain and Happy Misery 75. There is a fix'd Grief and a moving Grief the one hath neither Sighs nor Tears but seems as a Marble Pillar the other breaks into Complaint and pours it self forth in Showers of Tears Yet there are many sorts of Tears for there are Tears of Joy and there are Tears of Sorrow and Tears of Anger Tears of Pity and of Mirth and in all Passions Tears are apt to flow especially from moyst Brains But deep Sorrow hath dry Eyes silent Tongues and aking Hearts 76. When the Spirits are wearied with Grief they fall into a Melancholy Weeping and then are setled with a compliance to time 77. Passion will rise in the defence of Honour and the Tongue will display the Passion 78. For all we call Love is Friendship which is begot by agreeable Humours or received Curtesies or a Resemblance of Parts which is alterable but there can be no true Love but upon the unalterable God 79. There are waies to perfect Love but no Body can arrive to the Journeys end untill they come to Heaven because there is no Perfection in this World and there can be no perfect Love but upon a perfect Object 80. They that love much can never be Happy for the Torment of what Evil may come to that they love takes away the sweetness of what they enjoy Thus the fear of Losing is more unequal than the pleasure of Enjoyment 81. The Root of Love is like a Rock which stands against all Storms but Wantonness is like the Root of a Flower that every Worm may eat thorow 82. Envious Persons and Lovers are the greatest Flatterers the one flatters to hide his Envy the other to please the Beloved 83. Those Affections are strongest that Nature and Education have linkt together not onely by Birth but by Conversation for as Birth most commonly gives a likeness of parts so Conversation breeds a resemblance in humours and dispositions the one begets a likeness in Body the other of Minds or Souls 84. There is no Sound strikes the Ears so hard as the report of Death especially when Affection opens the Dore and lets the Messenger down into the Heart 85. True Love is an Affection which is very difficult to settle and hard to remove when once placed 86. To move Passion rather belongs to the Orator than the Poet for a Poet is a Creator of Fancy and Poetry rather makes than perswades But indeed that which moves Passion most is rather by Sound than Sense witness Musick which is the greatest Mover of Passion Thus Musick moves Passion more than Reason but Poetry is rather to delight the Wit than perswade the Reason 87. There is as much difference in Wit as there is in Pictures for every Picture is not drawn by Apelles and as some Painters are but for Sign-posts so some Wits are onely fit for Ballads 88. One and the same Tale told by several Persons makes great difference in the Affections of the Hearers 89. A witty Description in Discourse paints a lively Description in the Mind 90. A Translator acts the Person of an Author where most commonly the Author is represented to his advantage 91. There are a greater number that write more wisely and learnedly than delightfully 92. Thoughts when they run too fast or are prest too hard may destroy the Body by the distempering of the Mind 93. To have a Fixt Thought is to draw the Imaginations to a point 94. Though the Understanding be clear yet the Utterance may be instructed if the Tongue be not filed with the Motion to make all run smooth and even 95. Some have more Words than Wit and more Wit then Judgement 96. And others have more Years than Experience and more Experience than Honesty 97. Some have more Law than Policy 98. Some have more Ambition than Power and more Power than Justice 99. Secret Meetings Soft Whisperings or Dumb Shews have most commonly evil Designes 100. The dark Minds of Men are deceitfull 101. It were base for a Man or Woman to lay a Blemish upon those that have given them an honorable Reputation 102. Many that wish their Enemies Confusion yet would not betray them to it 103. I had rather hear what my Enemy can say against me than what my Enemy can say for me for there are none so good but may have some Faults which their Enemy is more apt to find out than their Friends much less themselves 104. Those persons that are railed at seem Nobler than those