doubt_v whether_o lord_n of_o regality_n or_o subject_n have_v a_o justiciary_a be_v judge_n competent_a to_o treason_n and_o it_o seem_v not_o for_o the_o reason_n foresay_a xix_o the_o second_o privilege_n of_o treason_n be_v that_o those_o who_o be_v pursue_v for_o treason_n shall_v be_v immediate_o commit_v to_o prison_n and_o their_o good_n shall_v be_v put_v under_o sick_a burrows_n id_fw-la est_fw-la caution_n under_o which_o they_o must_v remain_v ay_o and_o while_o they_o suffer_v a_o assize_n ja._n 2._o p._n 12._o c._n 49._o and_o reg._n maj._n lib._n 4._o c._n 1._o but_o it_o seem_v very_o hard_a in_o our_o law_n that_o there_o be_v no_o time_n prescribe_v for_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi to_o insist_v but_o that_o the_o person_n suspect_v may_v be_v keep_v in_o prison_n for_o a_o long_a time_n though_o he_o be_v very_o innocent_a and_o offer_v himself_o to_o a_o trial_n whereby_o the_o most_o innocent_a of_o subject_n may_v be_v ruin_v in_o their_o fortune_n and_o family_n without_o any_o just_a cause_n and_o yet_o upon_o the_o other_o hand_n it_o be_v hard_o that_o traitor_n shall_v be_v allow_v to_o go_v abroad_o because_o probation_n can_v be_v present_o have_v which_o it_o may_v be_v the_o traitor_n have_v abstract_v or_o that_o the_o king_n or_o state_n shall_v be_v force_v to_o discover_v too_o soon_o by_o a_o pursuit_n a_o treason_n which_o he_o be_v bind_v in_o policy_n to_o cover_v for_o some_o time_n and_o as_o in_o war_n so_o in_o treason_n which_o be_v as_o dangerous_a many_o thing_n be_v allow_v to_o be_v do_v which_o be_v not_o otherwise_o regular_a the_o interest_n of_o all_o preponderate_v the_o interest_n of_o any_o one_o or_o a_o few_o xx._n the_o three_o speciality_n in_o treason_n be_v that_o all_o charge_n of_o treason_n shall_v be_v execute_v by_o herald_n and_o pursuivant_n bear_v coat_n of_o arm_n and_o by_o macer_n and_o that_o for_o the_o great_a solemnity_n else_o these_o charge_n be_v declare_v null_n ja._n 6._o p._n 12._o c._n 125._o likeas_n the_o ordinary_a custom_n be_v to_o execute_v summons_n of_o treason_n after_o that_o manner_n but_o it_o be_v find_v upon_o the_o 5._o of_o december_n 1666._o in_o the_o action_n intent_a at_o his_o majesty_n advocat_n instance_n against_o mackulloch_n and_o other_o that_o this_o act_n do_v only_o relate_v to_o summons_n of_o treason_n or_o any_o other_o charge_n wherein_o man_n be_v ordain_v to_o obey_v under_o pain_n of_o treason_n but_o that_o inditement_n of_o treason_n give_v to_o man_n who_o be_v in_o prison_n may_v be_v execute_v by_o ordinary_a messenger_n and_o yet_o the_o act_n say_v that_o all_o execution_n give_v otherwise_o then_o be_v appoint_v by_o that_o act_n shall_v be_v null_a xxi_o woman_n and_o other_o may_v be_v witness_n in_o this_o crime_n though_o in_o other_o crime_n they_o can_v and_o one_o witness_n be_v sufficient_a here_o and_o famosi_n &_o impuberes_fw-la of_o what_o ever_o age_n be_v receivable_a as_o witness_n by_o a_o express_a act_n of_o the_o sederunt_fw-la of_o lord_n of_o session_n in_o anno_fw-la 1591._o likeas_n cod._n fab_n hoc_fw-la tit_n def_n 4._o say_v est_fw-la privilegium_fw-la criminis_fw-la laese_n majestatis_fw-la ut_fw-la facilius_fw-la probetur_fw-la and_o that_o it_o may_v be_v prove_v per_fw-la famoso_n &_o socios_fw-la criminis_fw-la and_o that_o it_o be_v decide_v in_o savoy_n 1591._o vid._n pappon_n lib._n 24._o tit_n 2._o but_o the_o english_a do_v most_o just_o conclude_v that_o because_o the_o punishment_n be_v severe_a in_o treason_n therefore_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v prove_v by_o manifest_a and_o direct_a proof_n and_o not_o by_o presumption_n or_o strain_n of_o wit_n cook_n pag._n 12._o and_o that_o two_o witness_n be_v necessary_a for_o prove_v treason_n he_o prove_v most_o learned_o pag._n 26._o by_o the_o civil_a law_n famosi_fw-it &_o mulieres_fw-la be_v admit_v to_o accuse_v in_o this_o crime_n though_o not_o in_o any_o other_o crime_n l._n 7_o and_o 8._o ff_n ad_fw-la l._n jul_a maj_o but_o this_o last_o privilege_n shall_v only_o hold_v in_o perduellion_n mascard_v de_fw-fr prob_fw-la lib._n 1._o conclu_fw-la 462._o and_o not_o in_o statutory_a treason_n and_o that_o this_o shall_v hold_v in_o no_o species_n of_o treason_n be_v math._n opinion_n pa._n 372._o because_o per_fw-la l._n ult_n cod_n de_fw-fr prob_fw-la in_o capitalibus_fw-la causis_fw-la idoniis_fw-la testibus_fw-la atque_fw-la appertissimis_fw-la documentis_fw-la opus_fw-la esse_fw-la dicitur_fw-la nec_fw-la excipitur_fw-la crimen_fw-la majestatis_fw-la neither_o do_v it_o follow_v that_o because_o person_n who_o be_v not_o admit_v in_o other_o crime_n be_v admit_v to_o be_v accuser_n in_o this_o that_o therefore_o these_o who_o be_v unfit_a to_o be_v witness_n in_o other_o crime_n shall_v be_v admit_v in_o this_o for_o there_o be_v little_a hazard_n in_o a_o unfit_a accuser_n but_o there_o be_v great_a hazard_n in_o unfit_a witness_n and_o this_o i_o think_v much_o more_o suitable_a to_o reason_n then_o the_o former_a statute_n for_o the_o great_a the_o hazard_n be_v the_o probation_n shall_v be_v so_o much_o the_o clear_a and_o though_o testes_fw-la inhabiles_fw-la may_v be_v receive_v or_o one_o witness_n may_v prove_v sufficient_o for_o subject_v the_o panel_n to_o the_o torture_n which_o be_v all_o that_o can_v be_v infer_v from_o that_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la which_o say_v only_o that_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v receive_v witness_n but_o say_v not_o that_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v receive_v in_o all_o case_n yet_o it_o be_v against_o all_o reason_n that_o any_o condemnatory_a verdict_n or_o sentence_n can_v be_v found_v upon_o such_o probation_n i_o find_v also_o by_o the_o law_n of_o savoy_n that_o socii_fw-la criminis_fw-la &_o famosi_n be_v admit_v to_o be_v witness_n not_o in_o treason_n general_o but_o in_o perduellion_n and_o that_o act_n be_v by_o their_o lawyer_n restrict_v so_o that_o the_o panel_n can_v be_v condemn_v to_o death_n or_o forfeiture_n upon_o such_o deposition_n but_o only_o to_o torture_v nor_o will_v he_o be_v torture_v upon_o such_o deposition_n except_o the_o deponent_a be_v upon_o oath_n and_o abide_v the_o torture_n also_o at_o his_o deposition_n cod._a fab_n lib._n 9_o tit_n 5._o all_o which_o seem_v most_o reasonable_a but_o yet_o it_o seem_v that_o no_o man_n be_v to_o be_v repute_n socius_fw-la criminis_fw-la but_o he_o who_o be_v convict_v or_o have_v confess_v the_o crime_n and_o dilate_v other_o for_o else_o a_o man_n be_v accuse_v for_o treason_n can_v allege_v that_o the_o witness_n lead_v against_o he_o be_v socii_fw-la criminis_fw-la for_o that_o be_v to_o confess_v himself_o to_o be_v guilty_a for_o no_o man_n can_v be_v socius_fw-la criminis_fw-la to_o the_o panel_n except_o the_o panel_n be_v guilty_a himself_o and_o be_v socius_fw-la to_o the_o witness_n therein_o nam_fw-la relata_fw-la se_fw-la mutuo_fw-la ponunt_fw-la and_o this_o be_v so_o find_v in_o assint_n process_n but_o it_o be_v there_o 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and_o the_o committer_n heir_n may_v be_v forefault_n therefore_o ja._n 5._o p._n 6._o c._n 69._o which_o act_n bear_v to_o be_v found_v upon_o the_o civil_a law_n these_o general_a word_n contain_v in_o it_o against_o the_o king_n person_n or_o common-weal_n must_v only_o be_v extend_v against_o such_o treason_n as_o be_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n account_v perduellion_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v most_o necessary_a to_o know_v the_o civil_a law_n in_o this_o case_n and_o what_o be_v therein_o call_v perduellion_n see_v albeit_o all_o treason_n may_v by_o a_o natural_a interpretation_n be_v say_v to_o be_v commit_v against_o the_o king_n person_n or_o commonwealth_n yet_o the_o civil_a law_n declare_v only_o that_o species_n of_o the_o crime_n of_o treason_n which_o they_o call_v perduellion_n to_o be_v punishable_a after_o death_n l._n ult_n ff_n ad_fw-la l._n jul_a maj._n plane_n non_fw-la quisquis_fw-la legis_fw-la juliae_fw-la majestatis_fw-la
law_n for_o try_v the_o innocency_n of_o such_o as_o want_v other_o legal_a probation_n the_o longabard_n first_o do_v allow_v this_o way_n of_o duel_v by_o pulick_a authority_n who_o do_v regulat_fw-la it_o by_o twenty_o several_a determination_n and_o thereafter_o it_o be_v renew_v by_o philip_n the_o fair_a king_n of_o france_n anno._n 1360._o but_o be_v bound_v with_o these_o four_o condition_n 1._o that_o it_o shall_v only_o be_v allow_v in_o criminal_a and_o capital_a case_n 2._o that_o it_o shall_v only_o be_v allow_v in_o crime_n treacherous_o commit_v where_o the_o truth_n can_v not_o be_v otherways_o find_v out_o 3._o where_o there_o do_v lie_v strong_a presumption_n against_o the_o person_n provoke_v 4._o where_o it_o be_v certain_a there_o be_v such_o a_o crime_n commit_v against_o the_o provocker_n ii_o with_o we_o in_o scotland_n duel_n be_v allow_v not_o only_o for_o clear_v of_o innocence_n as_o to_o crime_n but_o likewise_o in_o civil_a case_n as_o when_o a_o heir_n deny_v that_o his_o predecessor_n grant_v a_o conjunctfie_n r.m._n lib._n 2._o cap._n 16._o v._n 47._o and_o when_o any_o thing_n be_v deny_v to_o be_v lawful_o buy_v by_o the_o owner_n lib._n 3._o cap._n 13._o v._n 4._o but_o thereafter_o i_o find_v that_o by_o the_o 16._o cap._n stat._n rob._n 3._o all_o duel_n be_v discharge_v except_o in_o the_o four_o former_a case_n allow_v by_o philip_n the_o fair_a the_o solemnity_n of_o cartel_n use_v in_o such_o case_n be_v the_o cast_n of_o glove_n to_o one_o another_o as_o be_v clear_a by_o skeen_n ad_fw-la cap._n 24._o v._n 9_o r._n m._n duelliones_fw-la in_o hoc_fw-la regno_fw-la hinc_fw-la inde_fw-la chiro_fw-la thecas_fw-la offerunt_fw-la which_o custom_n have_v its_o origine_fw-la from_o the_o longohard_n law_n above_o cite_v as_o be_v clear_a by_o long._n the_o duel_n and_o dumhaud_n do_fw-mi cod_n the_o place_n appoint_v by_o our_o law_n for_o such_o duel_n be_v the_o bridge_n of_o stirling_n cap._n 28._o stat._n david_n 2._o and_o if_o the_o appealer_n in_o ordinar_n crime_n be_v foil_v and_o worsted_n his_o pledge_n pay_v the_o king_n nine_o cow_n and_o a_o colpindach_n and_o satisfy_v for_o the_o calumny_n stat._n alex._n cap._n 11._o but_o in_o treason_n the_o appealer_n worsted_n become_v in_o the_o king_n will_v and_o the_o party_n appease_v be_v worsted_n be_v disherish_v r._n m._n l._n 4._o c._n 1._o but_o these_o duel_n be_v discharge_v by_o the_o canon_n law_n cap._n monomachia_fw-la 2._o quest_n 4._o &_o cap._n ultim_fw-la exeunt_n de_fw-fr purge_v vulg_n though_o with_o we_o such_o judicial_a combat_n by_o authority_n be_v not_o absolute_o discharge_v for_o by_o the_o 12._o cap._n 16._o parl._n i._n 6._o wherein_o singular_a combat_n be_v discharge_v there_o be_v a_o exception_n make_v of_o such_o as_o be_v fight_v with_o his_o highness_n licence_n iii_o duel_n undertake_v without_o public_a authority_n be_v think_v by_o many_o lawyer_n to_o be_v lawful_a when_o undertake_v by_o a_o person_n who_o 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shame_n resolve_v to_o dispatch_v himself_o by_o this_o plausible_a way_n of_o self-murder_n nor_o can_v a_o man_n take_v a_o more_o easy_a way_n of_o publish_v that_o wherein_o he_o be_v defame_v then_o by_o kill_v the_o defamer_n whereby_o he_o will_v both_o bring_v himself_o and_o the_o occasion_n of_o that_o accident_n into_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o world_n though_o that_o act_n discharge_v only_o singular_a combat_n and_o that_o the_o word_n singular_a combat_n be_v proper_o only_o applicable_a to_o the_o fight_v of_o two_o single_a person_n which_o be_v only_o proper_o call_v singular_a certamen_fw-la yet_o this_o singular_a certamen_fw-la or_o singular_a combat_n be_v proper_o enough_o extend_v where_o more_o fight_n on_o a_o side_n cagnol_n in_o l._n favorabiliores_fw-la 86._o ff_n de_fw-fr reg_fw-la jur_fw-fr v._o since_o fight_v of_o singular_a combat_n be_v only_o declare_v punishable_a therefore_o the_o give_v or_o receive_v challenge_n be_v not_o punishable_a by_o death_n though_o even_o that_o be_v likewise_o punishable_a by_o the_o council_n arbitrarie_a as_o end_v to_o disturb_v the_o peace_n but_o since_o the_o very_a fight_n be_v declare_v punishable_a by_o death_n it_o follow_v necessary_o that_o such_o as_o fight_v combat_n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n though_o neither_o party_n be_v kill_v and_o if_o only_o kill_v have_v be_v punishable_a by_o death_n this_o act_n have_v be_v unnecessary_a since_o that_o be_v punishable_a as_o murder_n before_o this_o act_n vi_o if_o any_o person_n be_v kill_v the_o libel_n be_v found_v both_o upon_o the_o act_n against_o murder_n and_o this_o act_n against_o duel_n but_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o way_n of_o libel_v be_v this_o that_o if_o the_o libel_n be_v only_o found_v upon_o the_o act_n against_o murder_n than_o self-defence_n be_v receiveable_a by_o way_n of_o exculpation_n to_o eleid_v this_o
pâ—sse_fw-la crimina_fw-la vel_fw-la idoniis_fw-la testibus_fw-la vel_fw-la apertissimis_fw-la documentis_fw-la vel_fw-la judiciis_fw-la judubitatis_fw-la probari_fw-la &_o l._n 2._o ff_n quon_n apple_n non_fw-fr recip_n ubi_fw-la jubetur_fw-la curialis_fw-la observare_fw-la ne_fw-la quis_fw-la homicidarum_fw-la adulterorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n argumentis_fw-la convictus_fw-la testibus_fw-la superatus_fw-la vel_fw-la voce_fw-la propria_fw-la confessus_fw-la audiatur_fw-la apellare_fw-la 2._o since_o witness_n be_v only_o believe_v because_o it_o be_v presume_v they_o will_v not_o damn_v themselves_o why_o may_v not_o other_o presumption_n be_v likewise_o receive_v 3._o presumption_n be_v in_o many_o case_n allow_v as_o a_o sufficient_a probation_n as_o the_o presumption_n of_o cohabitation_n after_o the_o party_n be_v discharge_v be_v sufficient_a be_v act_n of_o parliament_n to_o infer_v adultery_n 4._o the_o deposition_n of_o witness_n be_v ofttimes_o found_v upon_o presumption_n as_o when_o they_o depon_n upon_o dolus_fw-la malus_fw-la ebriety_n or_o any_o other_o thing_n which_o depend_v upon_o act_n of_o the_o mind_n 5._o many_o have_v be_v condemn_v upon_o presumption_n as_o janet_n brown_n who_o be_v convict_v for_o murder_n of_o she_o own_o child_n upon_o presumption_n and_o hang_v according_o the_o 25._o of_o june_n 1614_o and_o scot_n be_v convict_v and_o hang_v for_o kill_v of_o drumlanrig_n sheep_n the_o 20._o of_o february_n 1616._o and_o after_o a_o solemn_a debate_n how_o far_o presumption_n can_v prove_v in_o criminal_o in_o alexander_n kennedy_n case_n he_o be_v convict_v and_o hang_v for_o falsehood_n upon_o presumption_n in_o anno_fw-la 1662._o this_o difficulty_n have_v force_v some_o of_o the_o doctor_n to_o conclude_v that_o this_o case_n be_v arbitrary_a and_o other_o to_o conclude_v that_o presumption_n may_v infer_v paenam_fw-la extraordinariam_fw-la sed_fw-la non_fw-la ordinariam_fw-la cod._n fab_n do_fw-mi de_fw-fr paen_fw-la which_o last_o opinion_n be_v upon_o the_o matter_n coincident_a with_o the_o first_o for_o in_o arbitrary_a case_n the_o judge_n can_v never_o proceed_v to_o death_n and_o it_o seem_v that_o both_o these_o opinion_n be_v well_o found_v because_o not_o only_o the_o commit_n of_o crime_n but_o even_o the_o give_v of_o scandal_n and_o the_o do_v that_o which_o be_v like_o a_o crime_n deserve_v to_o be_v some_o way_n punish_v but_o this_o arbitrariness_n shall_v only_o in_o my_o opinion_n be_v allow_v to_o the_o council_n who_o be_v a_o supreme_a judicatory_a and_o be_v in_o such_o extraordinary_a case_n tie_v to_o no_o express_a law_n title_n xxvi_o probation_n by_o witness_n 1._o how_o witness_n be_v cite_v with_o we_o 2._o who_o be_v testes_fw-la ultronei_fw-la 3._o what_o witness_n be_v not_o worth_a the_o king_n unlaw_n 4._o when_o woman_n may_v be_v admit_v to_o be_v witness_n and_o when_o not_o 5._o how_o minor_n be_v to_o be_v admit_v witness_n 6._o person_n guilty_a of_o crime_n can_v be_v admit_v 7._o person_n within_o degree_n defendant_n be_v not_o admit_v and_o who_o these_o be_v 8._o domestic_a servant_n when_o admit_v 9_o movable_a tenant_n 10._o socius_fw-la criminis_fw-la 11._o defender_n cite_v as_o party_n 12._o what_o time_n be_v consider_v in_o the_o hability_n of_o a_o witness_n 13._o whether_o witness_n inhabile_fw-la may_v be_v receive_v at_o his_o majesty_n instance_n 14._o who_o be_v testes_fw-la singulares_fw-la 15._o the_o contrariety_n in_o deposition_n consider_v 16._o causa_fw-la scientiae_fw-la 17._o witness_n ad_fw-la futuram_fw-la rei_fw-la memoriam_fw-la 18._o it_o be_v now_o necessary_a to_o give_v in_o a_o list_n to_o the_o defender_n of_o the_o witness_n name_n who_o be_v to_o be_v lead_v against_o he_o 19_o absent_a witness_n how_o punish_v and_o compel_v 20._o what_o number_n may_v be_v cite_v for_o prove_v each_o crime_n if_o the_o crime_n be_v pursue_v by_o raise_v of_o a_o summons_n that_o summons_n contain_v a_o warrant_n to_o cite_v witness_n but_o if_o the_o pursuit_n be_v by_o way_n of_o indictment_n the_o justice_n grant_v warrant_n by_o precept_n for_o cite_v of_o witness_n at_o the_o day_n of_o compearance_n the_o pursuer_fw-mi give_v in_o with_o his_o execute_v summons_n execution_n likewise_o against_o the_o witness_n and_o if_o the_o execution_n against_o the_o witness_n be_v not_o legal_a the_o diet_n be_v desert_v but_o if_o the_o witness_n be_v lawful_o cite_v and_o compear_v not_o of_o old_a there_o be_v a_o warrant_n give_v to_o apprehend_v they_o and_o the_o diet_n be_v continue_v but_o now_o there_o be_v formal_a letter_n of_o caption_n give_v under_o the_o signet_n of_o the_o session_n and_o not_o of_o the_o justice-court_n and_o the_o letter_n be_v still_o raise_v by_o the_o justice-clerk_n deputâ—_n who_o be_v the_o ordinary_a clerk_n of_o court_n and_o if_o the_o sheriff_n refuse_v to_o apprehend_v the_o witness_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o caption_n the_o letter_n will_v be_v direct_a against_o himself_o as_o in_o civil_a case_n and_o this_o be_v first_o observe_v in_o the_o case_n of_o mackalla_n against_o lindsay_n after_o the_o justice_n have_v find_v that_o the_o panel_n shall_v go_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n he_o ask_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi wat_fw-mi way_n he_o will_v prove_v his_o libel_n and_o if_o the_o probation_n by_o witness_n be_v choose_v as_o the_o manner_n of_o probation_n to_o be_v use_v ii_o the_o justice_n desire_v the_o clerk_n to_o call_v the_o witness_n and_o if_o any_o be_v give_v in_o in_o the_o list_n against_o who_o there_o be_v no_o formal_a execution_n it_o be_v allege_v they_o can_v be_v receive_v and_o this_o be_v the_o first_o objection_n against_o the_o witness_n and_o be_v found_v upon_o this_o reason_n viz._n that_o he_o who_o offer_v himself_o to_o depon_n without_o be_v lawful_o cite_v be_v presume_v to_o be_v too_o desirous_a to_o depon_n and_o so_o to_o have_v malice_n these_o the_o civil_a law_n call_v testes_fw-la ultronâ—i_fw-la yet_o i_o find_v that_o the_o justice_n sometime_o receive_v witness_n cite_v apud_fw-la acta_fw-la as_o alexander_n forester_n against_o a_o witch_n the_o 3._o of_o august_n 1661._o so_o though_o they_o will_v not_o receive_v a_o witness_n who_o appear_v upon_o a_o unlawful_a citation_n and_o which_o he_o know_v to_o be_v unlawful_a yet_o they_o will_v receive_v some_o though_o not_o at_o all_o cite_v for_o the_o first_o show_v a_o compliance_n but_o not_o the_o last_o all_o the_o objection_n against_o the_o wittess_n be_v discuss_v before_o they_o be_v swear_v for_o it_o be_v below_o the_o majesty_n of_o a_o oath_n to_o administrat_fw-la the_o same_o unnecessary_o before_o it_o be_v know_v whether_o the_o person_n to_o who_o the_o oath_n be_v to_o be_v administrat_fw-la will_v be_v receive_v to_o object_v against_o a_o witness_n in_o our_o law_n be_v call_v to_o cast_v a_o witness_n or_o to_o set_v he_o and_o by_o the_o doctor_n it_o be_v call_v to_o repel_v a_o witness_n but_o because_o objection_n against_o the_o witness_n or_o oppositiones_fw-la contra_fw-la testes_fw-la as_o farinacius_n call_v they_o be_v so_o large_o treat_v of_o by_o he_o and_o other_o i_o shall_v therefore_o only_o take_v notice_n of_o some_o particular_a objection_n which_o be_v mention_v and_o make_v use_v of_o frequent_o in_o our_o law_n and_o practic_a and_o in_o law_n these_o objection_n be_v divide_v into_o such_o as_o be_v use_v contra_fw-la personas_fw-la testium_fw-la and_o these_o which_o be_v use_v contra_fw-la dicta_fw-la testium_fw-la i_o shall_v therefore_o first_o treat_v of_o these_o objection_n which_o be_v use_v contra_fw-la personas_fw-la testium_fw-la iii_o witness_n be_v not_o admit_v with_o we_o if_o they_o be_v not_o worth_a the_o king_n unlaw_n which_o we_o interpret_v to_o be_v ten_o pound_n and_o because_o no_o man_n can_v know_v the_o value_n of_o another_o estate_n this_o objection_n be_v find_v therefore_o only_o probable_a by_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o witness_n himself_o as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o case_n of_o ruchead_n against_o muire_n the_o 9_o of_o december_n 1668._o but_o this_o seem_v strange_a for_o since_o the_o law_n be_v jealous_a that_o he_o will_v depon_n unjust_o why_o it_o shall_v believe_v he_o as_o to_o his_o own_o quality_n and_o therefore_o i_o think_v that_o in_o criminal_a case_n when_o the_o hazard_n be_v so_o great_a the_o be_v know_v to_o be_v a_o actual_a beggar_n shall_v be_v sufficient_a per_fw-la se_fw-la to_o cast_v a_o witness_n without_o refer_v the_o same_o to_o the_o witness_n oath_n this_o objection_n be_v found_v upon_o the_o presumption_n that_o such_o as_o be_v poor_a be_v liable_a to_o impression_n and_o such_o as_o be_v poor_a be_v express_o repel_v from_o be_v witness_n by_o the_o 34._o cap._n stat_fw-la 2._o rob._n and_o they_o be_v likewise_o repel_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n iu_o woman_n regulariter_fw-la be_v not_o witness_n neither_o in_o civil_a nor_o criminal_a case_n with_o we_o nor_o shall_v they_o make_v as_o much_o faith_n with_o we_o
instance_n of_o the_o fisk._n 2._o if_o the_o objection_n be_v such_o as_o tend_v to_o cast_v the_o witness_n mere_o because_o of_o his_o relation_n to_o the_o party_n wrong_v as_o that_o he_o be_v servant_n or_o within_o degree_n defendant_n to_o the_o party_n wrong_v then_o though_o the_o party_n wrong_v insist_v not_o yet_o these_o witness_n can_v be_v receive_v if_o any_o advantage_n may_v accress_v to_o the_o party_n wrong_v by_o their_o deposition_n and_o except_o he_o declare_v that_o he_o shall_v thereby_o reap_v no_o advantage_n and_o except_v the_o crime_n be_v such_o as_o do_v no_o affront_n to_o the_o party_n injure_v for_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la it_o be_v still_o presume_v that_o his_o relation_n will_v retain_v a_o private_a grudge_n or_o malice_n whereupon_o they_o may_v prejudge_v in_o their_o deposition_n both_o the_o truth_n and_o the_o defender_n and_o yet_o ordinary_o with_o we_o the_o relation_n of_o the_o person_n injure_v be_v receive_v at_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o king_n advocate_n thus_o neilson_n be_v receive_v against_o margaret_n wallace_n for_o witchcraft_n though_o he_o be_v brother_n in_o law_n to_o nicol_n who_o give_v information_n in_o the_o dittay_n because_o the_o summons_n be_v not_o raise_v at_o his_o instance_n the_o 20._o of_o march_n 1622._o and_o yet_o in_o that_o same_o process_n stirling_n be_v not_o admit_v to_o be_v a_o assizer_n because_o he_o be_v brother_n in_o law_n to_o muir_n who_o be_v one_o of_o these_o who_o be_v allege_v to_o be_v malificiat_a by_o she_o albeit_o the_o libel_n be_v not_o raise_v at_o the_o instance_n of_o muir_n nor_o none_o of_o his_o relation_n which_o i_o think_v both_o irregular_a and_o dangerous_a albeit_o these_o be_v relevant_a objection_n against_o witness_n yet_o if_o the_o proponer_n of_o the_o objection_n cite_v they_o also_o at_o his_o own_o instance_n eo_fw-la ipso_fw-la he_o acknowledge_v the_o witness_n to_o be_v habiles_fw-la testes_fw-la but_o sometime_o he_o may_v notwithstanding_o propon_n objection_n even_o against_o those_o himself_n cite_v v_o g._n though_o i_o cite_v a_o man_n to_o be_v witness_n for_o i_o yet_o i_o may_v set_v he_o from_o be_v witness_n for_o my_o adversary_n because_o he_o be_v brother_n or_o servant_n iv._o the_o objection_n contradicta_fw-la testium_fw-la be_v singularity_n and_o contrariety_n and_o the_o not_o give_v a_o sufficient_a causa_fw-la scientiae_fw-la singularity_n be_v when_o the_o witness_n who_o depon_n have_v no_o concur_v witness_n and_o this_o singularity_n be_v divide_v in_o obstativam_fw-la adminiculativam_fw-la &_o diversificativam_fw-la singularitas_fw-la obstativa_fw-la be_v in_o acta_fw-la non_fw-la reiterabili_fw-la a_o instance_n whereof_o they_o give_v in_o susanna_n and_o the_o two_o elder_n who_o depone_v upon_o the_o same_o adultery_n but_o differ_v in_o the_o place_n and_o therefore_o do_v not_o prove_v and_o it_o be_v a_o general_a rule_n that_o where_o the_o crime_n be_v not_o reiterable_a or_o reiterated_a that_o two_o witness_n vary_v upon_o the_o time_n or_o place_n as_o if_o one_o shall_v say_v a_o man_n be_v murder_v at_o edimburgh_n and_o the_o other_o at_o haddingtoun_n these_o deposition_n can_v not_o be_v conjoin_v for_o prove_v the_o murder_n singularitas_fw-la adminiculativa_fw-la be_v where_o the_o witness_n do_v not_o concur_v in_o their_o deposition_n yet_o they_o be_v not_o contrary_a and_o the_o one_o assist_v the_o other_o as_o in_o the_o prove_v that_o a_o horse_n be_v steal_v one_o shall_v depon_n that_o he_o see_v the_o thief_n go_v in_o without_o a_o horse_n another_o see_v he_o take_v the_o horse_n but_o no_o more_o which_o singularity_n in_o deposition_n do_v not_o hinder_v the_o witness_n to_o prove_v neither_o by_o our_o practic_n nor_o in_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o doctor_n singularitas_fw-la diversificativa_fw-la be_v when_o witness_n depon_n different_a act_n as_o in_o a_o crime_n which_o be_v reiterable_a and_o thus_o the_o adultery_n against_o john_n maxwel_n be_v find_v by_o the_o lord_n to_o be_v sufficient_o prove_v though_o one_o of_o the_o witness_n depone_v only_o upon_o a_o adultery_n commit_v at_o one_o time_n and_o another_o of_o a_o adultery_n commit_v at_o another_o time_n february_n 1666._o for_o the_o lord_n think_v that_o if_o one_o witness_n shall_v peep_v in_o through_o a_o hole_n and_o see_v adultery_n commit_v and_o thereafter_o another_o witness_n shall_v peep_v in_o and_o see_v the_o adultery_n likewise_o commit_v yet_o they_o be_v contest_v and_o do_v prove_v sufficient_o etiam_fw-la ad_fw-la paenam_fw-la mortis_fw-la infligendam_fw-la as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o probation_n of_o adultery_n lead_v against_o george_n swintoun_n but_o in_o my_o opinion_n this_o case_n differ_v from_o the_o former_a for_o in_o george_n swintoun_v case_n both_o the_o witness_n concur_v in_o one_o act_n but_o they_o do_v not_o so_o in_o the_o case_n of_o john_n maxwel_n and_o therefore_o though_o the_o deposition_n be_v conjoin_v against_o he_o by_o the_o lord_n for_o sustain_v a_o decreet_a of_o divorce_n yet_o it_o be_v hard_o that_o these_o different_a probation_n can_v have_v be_v conjoin_v if_o the_o case_n have_v be_v criminal_o pursue_v as_o be_v clear_a by_o farin_n quest_n 64._o the_o opposition_n contra_fw-la exam_fw-la testium_fw-la num_fw-la 55._o xv._n witness_n who_o depon_n thing_n that_o be_v contrary_a do_v not_o prove_v if_o that_o contrariety_n be_v in_o thing_n that_o be_v substantial_a but_o though_o they_o differ_v in_o some_o extrinsic_a circumstance_n yet_o they_o prove_v &_o verba_fw-la sunt_fw-la improprianda_fw-la nut_n testes_fw-la concordentur_fw-la &_o etiam_fw-la concordari_fw-la debent_fw-la aliquando_fw-la à _fw-la judice_fw-la per_fw-la interpretationem_fw-la supletivam_fw-la but_o though_o contrariety_n be_v a_o great_a defect_n in_o deposition_n yet_o too_o formal_a a_o agreement_n among_o the_o witness_n who_o depon_n all_o in_o the_o very_a same_o word_n &_o per_fw-la praemeditatum_fw-la sermonem_fw-la be_v suspect_v v_o g._n if_o two_o or_o more_o witness_n shall_v tell_v over_o a_o long_a story_n in_o the_o very_a same_o word_n as_o farin_n well_o observe_v quest_n 64._o num_fw-la 24._o xvi_o lawyer_n have_v take_v so_o great_a pain_n to_o secure_v the_o life_n of_o poor_a panel_n that_o they_o will_v not_o believe_v witness_n though_o concur_v except_o they_o can_v render_v a_o sufficient_a causa_fw-la scientiae_fw-la if_o the_o thing_n deponed_a fall_n under_o sense_n as_o the_o see_v a_o man_n kill_v if_o it_o fall_v not_o under_o a_o sense_n absolute_o as_o that_o a_o person_n be_v drink_v mad_a or_o repute_v a_o thief_n etc._n etc._n betwixt_o which_o two_o there_o be_v likewise_o this_o difference_n that_o in_o these_o thing_n that_o fall_v not_o under_o sense_n the_o ratio_fw-la scientiae_fw-la must_v be_v give_v whether_o it_o be_v ask_v or_o not_o because_o in_o effect_n it_o be_v the_o ratio_fw-la scientiae_fw-la and_o not_o the_o deposition_n which_o prove_v in_o that_o case_n witness_n must_v in_o our_o law_n be_v receive_v in_o presence_n of_o the_o panel_n and_o assize_n that_o the_o panel_n presence_n may_v overawe_n the_o deponer_n and_o that_o the_o assize_n may_v judge_v by_o the_o deponers_n countenance_n gesture_n and_o assurance_n how_o far_o he_o shall_v be_v believe_v and_o advocat_n be_v to_o be_v present_a that_o they_o may_v interrogat_n upon_o emergent_n and_o this_o be_v much_o just_a than_o the_o law_n of_o other_o nation_n be_v who_o allow_v neither_o advocate_n nor_o party_n to_o be_v present_a whilst_o the_o witness_n depon_n gomes_n de_fw-fr delict_n cap._n 1._o num_fw-la 65._o and_o in_o this_o also_o we_o agree_v with_o the_o civil_a law_n l._n custodias_fw-la ff_n the_o publ_n judiciis_fw-la xvii_o witness_n be_v sometime_o receive_v in_o criminalibus_fw-la ad_fw-la futuram_fw-la rei_fw-la memoriam_fw-la for_o the_o defender_n but_o never_o for_o the_o accuser_n and_o that_o because_o the_o accuser_n may_v blame_v himself_o for_o not_o pursue_v soon_o which_o be_v not_o in_o the_o defender_n power_n and_o testibus_fw-la non_fw-la testimoniis_fw-la creditur_fw-la whereas_o deposition_n ad_fw-la futuram_fw-la rei_fw-la memoriam_fw-la be_v only_o testimonia_fw-la and_o yet_o with_o we_o the_o justice_n sometime_o declare_v in_o court_n when_o they_o continue_v diet_n that_o they_o will_v receive_v the_o deposition_n of_o witness_n to_o lie_v in_o retentis_fw-la but_o this_o form_n be_v not_o allowable_a in_o my_o opinion_n except_o both_o party_n consent_n because_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n all_o probation_n shall_v be_v lead_v in_o presence_n of_o the_o assize_n xviii_o it_o be_v a_o defect_n in_o our_o law_n that_o albeit_o it_o allow_v the_o panel_n to_o object_n against_o witness_n yet_o it_o do_v not_o allow_v he_o to_o cite_v witness_n to_o prove_v his_o objection_n as_o for_o instance_n if_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi adduce_v a_o witness_n who_o be_v convict_v of_o theft_n by_o a_o sentence_n at_o aberdene_n this_o will_v be_v relevant_a but_o the_o panel_n can_v not_o
without_o insert_v any_o part_n of_o the_o process_n in_o the_o journal_n book_n wherein_o also_o i_o find_v that_o malefactor_n be_v ordain_v to_o be_v execute_v very_o early_o in_o the_o morning_n for_o bestiality_n which_o be_v occasion_v by_o the_o confession_n of_o one_o who_o assert_v that_o the_o reason_n of_o his_o commit_v that_o crime_n be_v a_o curiosity_n he_o contract_v at_o his_o see_v one_o execute_v for_o it_o and_o in_o such_o crime_n no_o man_n needs_o to_o be_v deter_v nor_o wâ—ll_n terror_n restrain_v he_o who_o nature_n can_v since_o than_o execution_n for_o some_o crime_n incite_v some_o to_o curiosity_n and_o vex_v other_o with_o horror_n and_o be_v necessary_a to_o none_o some_o may_v be_v more_o proper_o punish_v private_o then_o public_o and_o thus_o such_o person_n as_o be_v popular_a and_o be_v execute_v only_o for_o crime_n for_o which_o the_o people_n have_v a_o kindness_n will_v be_v more_o happy_o execute_v private_o then_o public_o because_o the_o person_n execute_v be_v by_o public_a execution_n obleidge_v to_o die_v rebellious_o and_o the_o people_n be_v confirm_v in_o their_o good_a opinion_n of_o they_o by_o their_o courage_n at_o death_n ii_o constantine_n do_v forbid_v that_o any_o malefactor_n shall_v be_v crucify_v and_o this_o he_o do_v because_o of_o his_o respect_n to_o the_o cross_n he_o likewise_o do_v forbid_v to_o stigmatize_v the_o face_n l._n 17._o c._n de_fw-fr paenis_fw-la because_o the_o face_n be_v god_n image_n martyrus_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o banishment_n be_v not_o lawful_a lest_o the_o person_n so_o punish_v shall_v be_v force_v to_o live_v among_o turk_n and_o other_o by_o who_o he_o may_v become_v more_o flagitious_a then_o former_o and_o i_o have_v oft_o think_v it_o inhuman_a to_o send_v our_o malefactor_n to_o our_o neighbour_n and_o imprudent_a because_o it_o will_v occasion_v the_o send_n of_o they_o from_o home_n whereby_o we_o may_v be_v likewise_o trouble_v with_o such_o as_o they_o have_v banish_v and_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o correction-house_n will_v be_v both_o safe_a and_o more_o advantageous_a for_o in_o these_o they_o may_v serve_v the_o public_a who_o they_o have_v offend_v but_o with_o we_o no_o judge_n can_v confine_v a_o man_n who_o he_o banish_v to_o any_o place_n without_o his_o jurisdiction_n because_o he_o have_v no_o jurisdiction_n over_o other_o country_n and_o so_o can_v make_v any_o act_n nor_o pronounce_v any_o sentence_n relative_a to_o they_o torture_v punishment_n at_o death_n be_v also_o very_o inexcusable_a for_o they_o ofttimes_o occasion_v blasphemy_n in_o the_o die_a malefactor_n and_o so_o damn_v both_o soul_n and_o body_n whereas_o the_o soul_n shall_v be_v allow_v to_o leave_v quiet_o this_o earth_n and_o go_v in_o peace_n to_o the_o region_n of_o peace_n nor_o do_v these_o terrify_v other_o from_o the_o like_a offence_n for_o these_o who_o fear_v not_o death_n will_v fear_v nothing_o iii_o it_o be_v a_o rule_n among_o the_o civilian_n that_o no_o man_n can_v obliedge_v himself_o to_o any_o thing_n under_o a_o corporal_a pain_n quia_fw-la nemo_fw-la est_fw-la dominus_fw-la suorum_fw-la membrorum_fw-la but_o with_o we_o it_o be_v most_o ordinary_a for_o a_o man_n who_o be_v guilty_a of_o a_o crime_n to_o obliedge_v himself_o never_o to_o return_v to_o scotland_n under_o the_o pain_n of_o death_n thus_o hamiltoun_n be_v hang_v anno_fw-la 1649._o for_o return_v to_o scotland_n after_o she_o haâ—_n enact_v herself_o never_o to_o return_v under_o pain_n of_o death_n and_o her_o dittay_n be_v only_o found_v upon_o that_o contravention_n and_o certain_o contempt_n be_v add_v to_o the_o former_a guilt_n may_v make_v a_o crime_n that_o be_v not_o capital_a become_v so_o and_o this_o contravention_n imply_v in_o effect_n paenam_fw-la effracti_fw-la carceris_fw-la which_o be_v ofttimes_o capital_a so_o that_o though_o a_o person_n can_v bind_v himself_o when_o he_o be_v guilty_a of_o no_o crime_n to_o perform_v any_o thing_n under_o pain_n of_o life_n or_o limb_n yet_o if_o he_o be_v guilty_a of_o a_o crime_n he_o may_v consent_v and_o enact_v himself_o as_o say_v be_v iv._o whether_o when_o law_n allow_v a_o judge_n a_o arbitrary_a power_n in_o punish_v that_o judge_n may_v inflict_v death_n in_o that_o case_n be_v much_o controvert_v chassan_n and_o socin_n think_v that_o he_o can_v and_o this_o seem_v clear_a 1.4_o qui_fw-la vexant_fw-la annonam_fw-la debent_fw-la puniri_fw-la extra_fw-la ordinem_fw-la non_fw-la tamen_fw-la animae_fw-la amissione_n inst._n the_o publ_n ind_z and_o pappon_o relate_v a_o decision_n of_o the_o parliament_n of_o paris_n find_v that_o it_o can_v not_o 2._o this_o will_v make_v judge_n very_o arbitrary_a and_o render_v the_o life_n and_o fortoun_n of_o the_o liege_n very_o unsecure_a 3._o see_v lawyer_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o no_o man_n life_n can_v be_v take_v away_o without_o a_o express_a law_n it_o seem_v very_o consequential_a to_o this_o that_o no_o man_n life_n can_v be_v take_v away_o upon_o so_o general_a a_o law_n 4._o by_o the_o 20._o act_n parl._n 1_o sess._n 1._o ch._n 2._o death_n and_o arbitrary_a punishment_n be_v oppose_v for_o these_o who_o have_v pass_v sixteen_o year_n of_o age_n beat_v or_o curse_v parent_n be_v ordain_v to_o die_v but_o if_o they_o be_v within_o sixteen_o and_o past_a pupilarity_n they_o be_v ordain_v to_o be_v arbitrar_o punish_v whereas_o if_o arbitrary_a punishment_n may_v be_v extend_v to_o death_n this_o difference_n will_v be_v ineffectual_a and_o the_o law_n thereby_o evacuat_a and_o by_o the_o 5._o act_n 1._o parl._n ja._n 6._o the_o punishment_n of_o say_v and_o hear_v mess_n be_v escheat_v of_o their_o good_n and_o a_o arbitrary_a punishment_n of_o their_o person_n for_o the_o first_o fault_n banishment_n for_o the_o second_o and_o death_n for_o the_o three_o so_o that_o arbitrary_a punishment_n be_v look_v upon_o as_o less_o than_o death_n else_o the_o first_o fault_n shall_v be_v as_o seveer_o punish_v as_o the_o three_o against_o both_o the_o principal_n of_o reason_n and_o the_o design_n of_o the_o lawgiver_n 5._o arbitrary_a punishment_n be_v appoint_v ordinary_o for_o so_o mean_a and_o inconsiderable_a fault_n that_o it_o be_v inhuman_a to_o think_v that_o these_o can_v be_v extend_v to_o death_n skeen_n also_o de_fw-fr verb._n sig_n verb._n iter_fw-la say_v that_o if_o the_o panel_n come_v in_o will_n it_o be_v lawful_a for_o the_o justice_n to_o fine_v he_o according_a to_o his_o offence_n but_o he_o speak_v not_o there_o of_o his_o power_n to_o inflâ—ct_v death_n eo_fw-la casu_fw-la and_o yet_o skeen_n ad_fw-la cap._n 6._o l._n malcolimbi_fw-la vers_fw-la 2._o wherein_o it_o be_v statute_n that_o the_o marischal_n and_o constable_n shall_v punish_v offender_n according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o offence_n observe_v that_o paena_fw-la extraordinaria_fw-la may_v be_v sometime_o extend_v to_o death_n because_o of_o the_o aggradge_v circumstance_n and_o cite_v for_o this_o l._n ult_n ff_n de_fw-fr priv_n delict_n &_o 16._o de_fw-fr paenis_fw-la but_o these_o law_n be_v ill_o cite_v as_o will_v appear_v by_o read_v they_o when_o the_o pain_n be_v by_o law_n or_o custom_n arbitrary_a and_o the_o defender_n come_v in_o will_n he_o must_v present_o find_v caution_n to_o satisfy_v the_o king_n will_v betwixt_o and_o such_o a_o day_n this_o be_v the_o constant_a custom_n and_o be_v practise_v the_o 22._o of_o november_n 1600._o advocatus_fw-la contra_fw-la patrick_n mc._n creif_n and_o other_o but_o where_o the_o crime_n be_v punishable_a by_o a_o express_a and_o determinat_fw-la punishment_n there_o though_o a_o defender_n come_v in_o will_n it_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v receive_v and_o thus_o the_o marquis_n of_o argile_n be_v pursue_v before_o the_o parliament_n for_o treason_n offer_v to_o come_v in_o will_n but_o his_o submission_n be_v not_o accept_v v._o it_o be_v uncontravert_v with_o we_o if_o when_o any_o crime_n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n the_o movable_n fall_v to_o the_o king_n though_o the_o act_n bear_v not_o that_o the_o crime_n shall_v be_v punishable_a by_o death_n and_o confiscation_n of_o movable_n and_o according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n proscriptus_fw-la eratis_fw-la cujus_fw-la bona_fw-la expressim_fw-la confiscabantur_fw-la damnatus_fw-la vero_fw-la cujus_fw-la bona_fw-la tacit_a publicatio_fw-la enim_fw-la bonorum_fw-la sequebatur_fw-la tacit_a paenam_fw-la capitalem_fw-la matheus_n cap._n 2._o de_fw-la sicartis_fw-la num_fw-la 2._o and_o albeit_o the_o judge_n shall_v omit_v in_o his_o sentence_n the_o punishment_n due_a by_o law_n yet_o ipso_fw-la jure_fw-la there_o be_v by_o the_o damnation_n jus_o quaesitum_fw-la fisco_fw-la as_o be_v find_v after_o a_o large_a debate_n in_o the_o case_n of_o wauch_n who_o be_v a_o land_a man_n find_v guilty_a of_o theft_n though_o he_o be_v only_o fine_v by_o the_o sheriff_n in_o a_o thousand_o pound_n yet_o the_o donator_n to_o the_o escheat_n be_v find_v to_o have_v
decision_n than_o philosopher_n to_o continue_v in_o the_o error_n of_o their_o youth_n but_o yet_o when_o the_o argument_n pro_fw-la and_o contra_fw-la weigh_v equal_o and_o reason_n seem_v puzzle_v where_o to_o incline_v the_o authority_n even_o of_o our_o former_a decision_n shall_v cast_v the_o balance_n especial_o where_o the_o same_o reason_n then_o urge_v be_v there_o press_v and_o in_o the_o interpretation_n of_o law_n of_o which_o decision_n be_v the_o best_a interpreter_n if_o a_o whole_a tract_n of_o decision_n can_v be_v produce_v it_o will_v infallible_o bind_v wherein_o craig_n diag_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la quo_fw-la utimur_fw-la agree_v with_o callistrotus_fw-la l._n 38._o de_fw-la leg_n in_o ambiguitatibus_fw-la quae_fw-la ex_fw-la legibus_fw-la profisciscuntur_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la aut_fw-la rerum_fw-la perpetuo_fw-la judicatarum_fw-la auctoritatem_fw-la vim_o legis_fw-la obtinere_fw-la where_o these_o decision_n have_v proceed_v upon_o a_o debate_n by_o which_o the_o reason_n of_o judge_n be_v much_o ripen_v and_o the_o future_a inconvenience_n full_o consider_v for_o as_o pomponius_n well_o observe_v l._n 2._o §_o his_o legibus_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr origine_fw-la juris_fw-la his_fw-la legibus_fw-la latis_fw-la caepit_fw-la ut_fw-la naturaliter_fw-la evenire_fw-la solet_fw-la ut_fw-la interpretatio_fw-la desideraret_fw-la prudentium_fw-la authoritate_fw-la necessariam_fw-la esse_fw-la disputationem_fw-la fori_fw-la and_o durie_n in_o the_o case_n of_o hoom_n of_o cowdoun-knowes_a show_v we_o how_o the_o l._n of_o session_n think_v it_o not_o derogatory_n from_o their_o honour_n to_o retreat_v a_o sentence_n after_o debate_n which_o they_o have_v pronounce_v when_o no_o advocat_n be_v compear_v we_o follow_v the_o civil_a law_n in_o judge_a crime_n as_o be_v clear_a by_o several_a act_n of_o parliament_n wherein_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v call_v the_o common_a law_n and_o robert_n lesly_v heir_n be_v by_o the_o 69._o act._n par._n 6._o ja._n 5._o ordain_v to_o be_v forefault_v for_o the_o crime_n of_o treason_n commit_v by_o the_o father_n according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o forefaultor_n in_o absence_n be_v allow_v by_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n in_o anno_fw-la 1669._o because_o that_o be_v conform_v to_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o falsehood_n be_v ordain_v to_o be_v punish_v according_a to_o the_o civil_a and_o canon_n law_n act_n 22._o par._n 5._o q._n m._n and_o that_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v our_o rule_n where_o our_o own_o statute_n and_o custom_n be_v silent_a or_o deficient_a be_v clear_a from_o our_o own_o lawyer_n as_o skeen_n annot._n ad_fw-la l._n 1._o r._n m._n c._n 7._o ver_fw-la 2._o and_o by_o craig_n l._n 1._o diog_n 2._o as_o also_o from_o our_o own_o historian_n lesly_n l._n 1._o cap._n leg_n scotor_n boet._n l._n 5._o hist_o camer_n de_fw-fr scot._n doctr._n l._n 2._o cap._n 4._o and_o the_o same_o be_v record_v of_o we_o by_o the_o historian_n and_o lawyer_n of_o other_o nation_n as_o forcat_n lib._n 1._o hist._n angl._n petr._n diamitis_fw-la geograph_n europe_n do_fw-mi d._n escosse_n and_o duck_v the_o auth_v jur_fw-fr civ_o lib._n 2._o cap._n 10._o and_o though_o the_o roman_n have_v some_o custom_n or_o form_n peculiar_a to_o the_o genius_n of_o their_o own_o nation_n yet_o their_o law_n in_o criminal_a case_n be_v of_o universal_a use_n for_o crymes_n be_v the_o same_o almost_o every_o where_o as_o boet._n well_o observe_v leges_fw-la romanas_fw-la à _fw-la justiniano_n collectas_fw-la tanta_fw-la ratione_fw-la &_o sermonis_fw-la venustate_fw-la esse_fw-la ut_fw-la nulla_fw-la sit_fw-la natio_fw-la tam_fw-la fera_fw-fr vel_fw-la ab_fw-la humanitate_fw-la abhorrens_fw-la quae_fw-la eas_fw-la non_fw-la fuerit_fw-la admirata_fw-la and_o k._n ja._n 5._o be_v so_o fond_a of_o the_o civil_a law_n as_o boet._n observe_v lib._n 17._o that_o he_o make_v a_o act_n ordain_v that_o no_o man_n shall_v succeed_v to_o a_o great_a estate_n in_o scotland_n who_o do_v not_o understand_v the_o civil_a law_n and_o erect_v two_o profession_n of_o it_o one_o at_o saint_n andrews_n and_o another_o at_o aberdeen_n and_o when_o james_n the_o 2._o do_v by_o the_o 48_o act_n of_o his_o 3._o parliament_n ordain_v that_o his_o subject_n shall_v be_v govern_v by_o no_o foreign_a law_n he_o design_v not_o to_o debar_v the_o respect_n due_a to_o the_o roman_a law_n but_o to_o obviate_v the_o vain_a pretence_n of_o the_o pope_n who_o canon_n and_o concession_n be_v obtrude_v upon_o the_o people_n as_o law_n by_o the_o church_n man_n of_o these_o time_n the_o four_o branch_n of_o our_o criminal_a law_n be_v the_o book_n of_o reg._n maj_n which_o be_v in_o criminalibus_fw-la look_v upon_o as_o authentic_a thus_o the_o thief_n must_v be_v punish_v before_o the_o recepter_fw-la and_o assyser_n must_v be_v pares_fw-la curiae_fw-la etc._n etc._n for_o which_o and_o many_o other_o maxim_n there_o be_v no_o warrant_n beside_o what_o be_v contain_v in_o these_o book_n of_o reg_n majest_n but_o why_o shall_v this_o be_v doubt_v see_v they_o be_v cite_v as_o such_o act_n 47._o parl._n 6._o ja._n 3._o where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o wilful_a and_o ignorant_a assyser_n shall_v be_v punish_v after_o the_o form_n of_o the_o king_n law_n in_o the_o first_o book_n of_o the_o majesty_n and_o by_o the_o 98._o act_n 14._o p._n l._n 3._o transgression_n of_o that_o act_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v conform_v to_o the_o king_n law_n and_o of_o regiam_fw-la majestatem_fw-la likeas_fw-la by_o the_o 54._o p._n 3._o i._o 1._o a_o committee_n of_o parliament_n be_v ordain_v to_o meet_v and_o examine_v the_o book_n of_o the_o law_n that_o be_v to_o say_v regiam_fw-la majestatem_fw-la and_o quoniam_fw-la atta_fw-la chiamenta_fw-la which_o be_v repeat_v 115._o act._n 14._o p._n i._n 3._o and_o albeit_o they_o contain_v many_o thing_n which_o be_v not_o in_o use_n with_o we_o yet_o they_o have_v be_v in_o use_n and_o this_o objection_n will_v conclude_v the_o act_n of_o parliament_n not_o to_o be_v our_o law_n it_o be_v then_o my_o opinion_n that_o k._n ja._n the_o 1._o have_v bring_v down_o some_o of_o these_o collection_n from_o england_n with_o he_o nor_o find_v i_o these_o book_n cite_v before_o this_o time_n it_o be_v doubt_v whether_o the_o secret_a council_n can_v by_o any_o act_n or_o proclamation_n either_o introduce_v a_o crime_n which_o can_v infer_v tinsel_n of_o life_n or_o escheat_n for_o the_o parliament_n can_v only_o dispose_v upon_o our_o life_n and_o fortune_n and_o it_o be_v the_o representative_a of_o the_o nation_n every_o man_n be_v in_o law_n say_v to_o have_v consent_v to_o what_o the_o parliament_n do_v i_o find_v craig_n to_o have_v be_v of_o opinion_n that_o no_o act_n of_o secret_a council_n can_v infer_v a_o crime_n pag._n 38._o nor_o can_v the_o council_n by_o their_o act_n warrant_v any_o to_o do_v what_o will_v be_v otherwise_o a_o crime_n for_o ejus_fw-la est_fw-la nolle_fw-la cujus_fw-la est_fw-la velle_fw-la and_o none_o can_v take_v away_o a_o crime_n but_o such_o as_o can_v introduce_v a_o crime_n and_o therefore_o m_n r._n archb_n beath_n be_v pursue_v for_o kill_v some_o man_n he_o allege_v that_o these_o man_n be_v bring_v meal_n from_o ireland_n and_o that_o by_o act_n of_o council_n it_o be_v lawful_a to_o sink_v or_o kill_v such_o as_o contraveen_v the_o act._n to_o which_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n do_v reply_v that_o the_o act_n of_o secret_a council_n can_v not_o warrant_v the_o kill_n of_o a_o free_a liege_n and_o the_o commit_n of_o murder_n which_o reply_n be_v find_v relevant_a but_o since_o the_o council_n be_v to_o secure_v the_o peace_n and_o that_o many_o accident_n may_v emerge_n wherein_o the_o public_a peace_n can_v be_v preserve_v without_o this_o power_n it_o be_v hard_a to_o limit_v they_o too_o much_o iv._o whether_o dolus_fw-la or_o a_o wicked_a design_n be_v requisite_a in_o all_o crime_n be_v large_o treat_v of_o by_o the_o doctor_n and_o be_v most_o full_o debate_v in_o the_o process_n of_o ochiltrie_a balmerino_n and_o the_o marquis_n of_o argyle_n and_o by_o the_o text_n §_o placuit_fw-la just_a de_fw-fr furt_n l._n 3._o ff_n de_fw-fr injur_fw-fr l._n pen._n ff_n ad_fw-la leg._n jul_a de_fw-fr adult_n it_o seem_v that_o the_o wickedness_n of_o the_o design_n make_v only_o a_o action_n criminal_a but_o in_o my_o judgement_n this_o inquiry_n may_v be_v resolve_v in_o these_o conclusion_n 1._o that_o see_v man_n can_v only_o offend_v in_o what_o be_v voluntar_n to_o he_o it_o must_v follow_v that_o the_o will_n be_v the_o only_a fountain_n of_o wickedness_n and_o consequent_o it_o be_v at_o first_o the_o design_n of_o lawgiver_n only_o to_o punish_v such_o act_n as_o be_v design_o malicious_a 2._o because_o design_n be_v a_o private_a and_o conceal_v act_n of_o the_o mind_n which_o escape_v the_o severe_a probation_n therefore_o in_o some_o case_n this_o dolus_fw-la be_v allow_v by_o law_n to_o be_v infer_v from_o conjecture_n and_o presumption_n where_o the_o act_n be_v
not_o punish_v except_o they_o be_v know_v to_o have_v enmity_n against_o the_o person_n kill_v or_o that_o fraud_n be_v other_o way_n presumable_a quo_fw-la casu_fw-la they_o may_v be_v punish_v extra_fw-la ordinem_fw-la farin_n quest_n 82._o vii_o such_o as_o be_v drink_v be_v sometime_o for_o want_n of_o dole_n and_o malice_n more_o meek_o punish_v than_o other_o especial_o if_o they_o be_v cheat_v upon_o design_n into_o that_o condition_n by_o other_o and_o in_o this_o case_n the_o law_n distinguish_v inter_fw-la ebrios_fw-la who_o be_v rare_o drink_v &_o â—briosos_n who_o be_v habitual_o drink_v for_o these_o last_o shall_v be_v most_o severe_o punish_v both_o for_o their_o drunkenness_n and_o for_o the_o crime_n occasion_v by_o it_o but_o such_o as_o make_v themselves_o drink_v upon_o design_n to_o excuse_v or_o lessen_v thereby_o the_o guilt_n they_o be_v to_o commit_v merit_v no_o favour_n and_o such_o as_o know_v they_o be_v subject_a to_o extravagancy_n in_o their_o drink_n merit_v as_o little_a cabal_n case_z 297_o i_o have_v not_o in_o our_o law_n find_v drunkenness_n to_o defend_v in_o either_o case_n and_o it_o be_v repel_v in_o the_o pursuit_n of_o murder_n pursue_v against_o the_o laird_n of_o spot_n and_o douglas_n for_o kill_a hoom_n of_o eccles._n anno._n 1667._o yet_o i_o think_v that_o in_o some_o circumstantiat_fw-la case_n the_o council_n may_v mitigat_n the_o sentence_n upon_o this_o account_n but_o it_o be_v never_o a_o defence_n against_o the_o relevancie_n such_o as_o be_v furious_a be_v not_o in_o the_o construction_n of_o law_n capable_a to_o commit_v a_o crime_n stat._n 2._o rob._n 2._o for_o the_o law_n compare_v they_o to_o infant_n or_o to_o dead_a man_n lege_fw-la si_fw-la quis_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr acquirend_n haered_a to_o such_o as_o be_v absent_a l._n sed_fw-la si_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr injuriis_fw-la and_o make_v they_o to_o be_v no_o more_o guilty_a because_o of_o the_o crime_n they_o commit_v than_o a_o stone_n from_o a_o house_n or_o a_o beast_n be_v to_o be_v repute_n guilty_a and_o punishable_a for_o the_o wrong_n they_o do_v quam_fw-la si_fw-la pauperiem_fw-la pecus_fw-la dederit_fw-la aut_fw-la tegula_fw-la ceciderit_fw-la l._n 5._o ff_n ad_fw-la l._n aquil_a and_o the_o law_n commiserats_n so_o far_o their_o condition_n that_o it_o expostulat_v with_o such_o as_o will_v pursue_v they_o for_o a_o crime_n &_o non_fw-la exigas_fw-la poenas_fw-la ab_fw-la eo_fw-la quem_fw-la fati_fw-la in_o felicitas_fw-la excusat_fw-la quiabque_fw-la furore_fw-la ipso_fw-la satis_fw-la punitur_fw-la l._n infans_fw-la ff_n ad_fw-la l._n corn._n the_o sicar_n they_o be_v excuse_v by_o their_o own_o misfortune_n and_o abundant_o punish_v by_o their_o own_o fury_n but_o since_o the_o law_n protect_v furious_a person_n from_o punishment_n because_o they_o want_v all_o judgement_n l._n 14._o ff_n de_fw-fr officio_fw-la praesid_v it_o follow_v natural_o that_o this_o privilege_n shall_v be_v only_o extend_v to_o such_o as_o be_v absolute_o furious_a 2._o it_o may_v be_v argue_v that_o since_o the_o law_n grant_v a_o total_a impunity_n to_o such_o as_o be_v absolute_o furious_a that_o therefore_o it_o shall_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o proportion_n lessen_v and_o moderate_a the_o punishment_n of_o such_o as_o though_o they_o be_v not_o absolute_o mad_a yet_o be_v hypochondric_n and_o melancholy_a to_o such_o a_o degree_n that_o it_o cloud_n their_o reason_n qui_fw-la sensum_fw-la aliquem_fw-la habent_fw-la sed_fw-la diminutum_fw-la which_o lawyer_n call_v insania_fw-la and_o the_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 3._o that_o such_o as_o show_v any_o act_n of_o resentment_n or_o revenge_n in_o the_o wrong_n they_o do_v may_v be_v punish_v with_o some_o degree_n of_o severity_n since_o they_o show_v some_o degree_n of_o judgement_n but_o yet_o the_o parliament_n of_o paris_n be_v just_o condemn_v by_o all_o lawyer_n for_o have_v cause_v execute_v a_o mad_a man_n who_o have_v kill_v one_o that_o have_v strike_v he_o two_o day_n before_o but_o since_o he_o do_v show_v memory_n and_o revenge_n in_o that_o act_n he_o may_v have_v be_v punish_v just_o to_o some_o moderate_a degree_n 4._o since_o there_o be_v some_o mad_a man_n who_o have_v lucid_a interval_n who_o fury_n have_v its_o tide_n and_o wax_v and_o wane_v like_o the_o moon_n upon_o which_o it_o depend_v quos_fw-la furor_fw-la stimulis_fw-la suis_fw-la variatis_fw-la vicibus_fw-la accendit_fw-la l._n 14._o ff_n de_fw-fr officio_fw-la praesidis_fw-la that_o therefore_o they_o shall_v be_v think_v capable_a to_o commit_v crime_n when_o they_o be_v in_o their_o lucid_a interval_n but_o not_o when_o they_o be_v agitate_a by_o their_o fury_n but_o here_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o the_o crime_n commit_v by_o a_o mad_a man_n who_o have_v lucid_a interval_n shall_v be_v presume_a to_o have_v be_v commit_v by_o he_o when_o he_o be_v in_o his_o fury_n or_o in_o his_o lucid_a interval_n and_o the_o general_a conclusion_n be_v that_o though_o every_o man_n be_v presume_v to_o be_v sound_a in_o his_o judgement_n till_o the_o contrary_n be_v prove_v quia_fw-la qualitas_fw-la quae_fw-la inesse_fw-la debet_fw-la inesse_fw-la praesumitur_fw-la alciat_fw-la praesump_n 1._o yet_o when_o a_o man_n be_v once_o prove_v to_o have_v be_v furious_a the_o law_n presume_v that_o he_o still_o continue_v furious_a till_o the_o contrair_n be_v prove_v for_o madness_n be_v but_o too_o stick_v a_o disease_n and_o be_v seldom_o or_o ever_o cure_v and_o this_o presumption_n shall_v rather_o hold_v in_o the_o commit_n of_o crime_n then_o in_o any_o thing_n else_o for_o the_o commit_n of_o a_o crime_n look_v like_a the_o madness_n than_o the_o lucid_a interval_n and_o yet_o if_o my_o opinion_n be_v of_o authority_n enough_o i_o will_v limit_v this_o rule_n in_o two_o case_n 1._o if_o the_o madness_n have_v fix_v to_o a_o ordinary_a interval_n as_o the_o height_n of_o the_o moon_n in_o lunatic_n i_o will_v presume_v that_o if_o the_o crime_n be_v not_o commit_v at_o that_o time_n it_o behove_v to_o be_v presume_v it_o be_v commit_v in_o the_o lucid_a interval_n 2._o if_o the_o person_n offend_v be_v one_o against_o who_o the_o offender_n have_v prejudice_n in_o his_o lucid_a interval_n or_o before_o his_o madness_n or_o if_o he_o show_v any_o wit_n or_o contrivance_n in_o the_o execution_n of_o the_o wrong_n he_o do_v i_o will_v presume_v that_o the_o offence_n be_v commit_v in_o the_o lucid_a interval_n but_o because_o the_o crime_n in_o these_o case_n will_v be_v found_v upon_o presumption_n i_o think_v the_o punishment_n shall_v be_v lessen_v upon_o that_o account_n and_o possible_o that_o judge_n will_v not_o be_v much_o mistake_v who_o will_v remit_v something_o of_o the_o ordinary_a punishment_n in_o all_o crymes_n commit_v even_o where_o the_o lucid_a interval_n be_v clear_o prove_v for_o where_o madness_n have_v once_o disorder_v the_o judgement_n and_o much_o more_o where_o it_o recurt_v often_o it_o can_v but_o leave_v some_o weakness_n and_o make_v a_o man_n a_o unfit_a judge_n of_o what_o he_o ought_v to_o do_v est_fw-la tantum_fw-la adumbrata_fw-la quies_fw-la intermissio_fw-la sed_fw-la non_fw-la resipiscentia_fw-la integra_fw-la and_o as_o our_o proverb_n well_o observe_v once_o wood_n â—ay_v the_o worse_o it_o be_v statute_n by_o the_o 24._o chap._n stat._n 2._o rob._n 2._o that_o a_o mad_a person_n shall_v be_v keep_v by_o his_o friend_n and_o if_o he_o commit_v any_o wrong_n it_o shall_v be_v impute_v to_o his_o friend_n and_o keeper_n but_o though_o these_o may_v be_v make_v liable_a civility_n for_o any_o damnage_n the_o furious_a man_n do_v as_o a_o master_n be_v in_o law_n liable_a for_o the_o prejudice_n do_v by_o a_o wild_a beast_n which_o he_o keep_v yet_o it_o be_v too_o severe_a to_o punish_v they_o corporal_o for_o the_o murder_n and_o other_o crymes_n which_o he_o commit_v except_o where_o they_o be_v command_v by_o the_o judge_n to_o keep_v he_o exact_o which_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v extend_v against_o such_o as_o be_v only_o his_o curator_n or_o near_a of_o kin_n bartol_n ad_fw-la l._n divus_o ff_n de_fw-mi off_o praesid_v it_o be_v general_o agree_v to_o by_o lawyer_n that_o furious_a person_n commit_v a_o crime_n in_o their_o fury_n can_v be_v punish_v for_o it_o though_o thereafter_o they_o return_v to_o themselves_o for_o in_o punish_v crymes_n the_o time_n of_o the_o commission_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v though_o jason_n tiraquel_n and_o some_o other_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o if_o the_o crime_n be_v very_o atrocious_a the_o mad_a man_n recover_v may_v be_v punish_v and_o for_o this_o they_o instance_n the_o queen_n of_o castille_n who_o punish_v with_o death_n a_o man_n who_o have_v in_o his_o fury_n wound_v her_o husband_n king_n ferdinand_n and_o they_o cite_v l._n 14._o ff_n de_fw-fr officio_fw-la praesidis_fw-la but_o the_o instance_n be_v found_v upon_o the_o passion_n of_o a_o woman_n and_o that_o law_n
that_o these_o who_o blaspheme_n in_o jest_n be_v to_o be_v less_o severe_o punish_v and_o that_o rusticity_n mitigat_n the_o ordinary_a punishment_n in_o this_o case_n but_o gothofredus_n be_v as_o to_o the_o last_o of_o a_o contrary_a opinion_n because_o rusticity_n excuse_v not_o from_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n much_o less_o of_o god_n but_o they_o may_v be_v reconcile_v thus_o that_o open_a gross_a blasphemy_n be_v equal_o punishable_a in_o both_o but_o not_o consequential_a and_o indirect_a blasphemy_n as_o if_o a_o countryman_n shall_v err_v in_o the_o person_n of_o the_o trinity_n which_o some_o remote_a high-lander_n be_v so_o ignorant_a of_o as_o not_o to_o know_v those_o shall_v rather_o be_v pity_v then_o punish_v except_o they_o add_v obstinacy_n to_o blasphemy_n vid._n cabal_n case_z 296._o iv._o the_o punishment_n of_o blasphemy_n be_v death_n by_o the_o law_n nou._n 77._o by_o the_o canon_n law_n public_a repentance_n for_o the_o first_o fault_n and_o the_o stand_n at_o the_o church_n door_n with_o a_o infamous_a mitre_n or_o paper_n hat_n for_o a_o relapse_n v._o by_o our_o act_n 21._o sess._n 1._o par._n 1._o c._n 2._o blasphemy_n railer_n against_o god_n or_o any_o of_o the_o person_n of_o the_o bless_a trinity_n shall_v be_v likewise_o punishable_a by_o death_n if_o they_o obstinate_o continue_v therein_o from_o which_o act_n it_o be_v observable_a 1._o that_o this_o crime_n can_v only_o be_v try_v before_o the_o justice_n and_o therefore_o not_o before_o the_o lord_n of_o a_o regality_n though_o they_o have_v equal_a power_n as_o have_v be_v former_o observe_v 2._o distraction_n be_v only_o except_v here_o so_o ignorance_n passion_n rusticity_n or_o raillery_n excuse_v not_o nam_fw-la exceptio_fw-la firmat_n regulam_fw-la in_o non_fw-la exceptis_fw-la and_o yet_o these_o may_v excuse_v from_o the_o ordinar_n punishment_n in_o some_o circumstance_n but_o be_v never_o defence_n against_o the_o relevancy_n 3._o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v why_o the_o deny_v god_n or_o any_o of_o the_o person_n of_o the_o holy_a trinity_n be_v only_o punishable_a by_o death_n if_o they_o continue_v obstinate_a therein_o and_o yet_o the_o rail_n upon_o or_o curse_v god_n or_o the_o trinity_n be_v simple_o punishable_a without_o obstinacy_n and_o the_o difference_n seem_v to_o be_v that_o curse_v or_o rail_v against_o god_n can_v proceed_v from_o ignorance_n but_o argue_v malice_n whereas_o the_o deny_v god_n attribute_n or_o the_o trinity_n may_v proceed_v from_o ignorance_n it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o with_o we_o a_o person_n who_o shall_v call_v himself_o the_o son_n of_o god_n or_o the_o messiah_n can_v be_v punish_v as_o a_o blasphemer_n and_o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o parliament_n of_o england_n think_v he_o can_v not_o and_o therefore_o james_n nailor_n be_v only_o scourge_v for_o this_o crime_n yet_o i_o think_v he_o can_v be_v reach_v by_o our_o foresay_a act_n as_o a_o person_n who_o rail_v upon_o god_n and_o the_o trinity_n for_o to_o make_v ourselves_o equal_a with_o they_o be_v to_o rail_v against_o and_o vilify_v they_o vi_o curse_v of_o parent_n viz._n father_n or_o mother_n but_z no_z other_o be_v punishable_a by_o death_n if_o they_o be_v pass_v sixteen_o or_o arbitrar_o if_o they_o be_v below_o sixteen_o and_o above_o punishable_a with_o tit_n parricid_n act_n 20._o par._n 1._o sess._n 1._o ch._n 2._o justice_n of_o peace_n be_v by_o the_o 38._o act_n 1._o par._n ch._n 2._o to_o punish_v such_o as_o curse_v and_o swear_v profane_o and_o exact_v from_o a_o noble_a man_n twenty_o mark_n a_o baron_n twenty_o mark_n a_o gentle_a man_n heretor_fw-la or_o burges_n ten_o mark_n a_o yeoman_n forty_o shilling_n a_o servant_n twenty_o shilling_n a_o minister_n the_o five_o part_n of_o his_o steipend_n and_o the_o husband_n must_v pay_v his_o wife_n fine_a ergo_fw-la regulariter_fw-la the_o husband_n be_v not_o liable_a for_o the_o wife_n fine_a if_o there_o be_v no_o warrant_n therefore_o by_o statute_n by_o the_o 16._o act_n 5._o par._n q._n m._n the_o swear_v abominable_a oath_n be_v to_o be_v fine_v but_o that_o act_n be_v only_o temporary_a by_o the_o 103._o act_n par._n 7._o i._o swearer_n and_o blasphemer_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v by_o the_o magistrate_n and_o if_o they_o fail_v by_o the_o privy_a council_n notà _fw-la by_o this_o act_n that_o woman_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v in_o penal_a statute_n conform_v to_o their_o blood_n and_o their_o husband_n quality_n that_o be_v to_o say_v conform_v to_o their_o blood_n if_o unmarried_a or_o to_o their_o husband_n quality_n if_o marry_v and_o therefore_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o these_o woman_n who_o have_v precedency_n according_a to_o their_o birth_n though_o marry_v as_o a_o earl_n daughter_n when_o marry_v to_o a_o gentle_a man_n or_o those_o who_o have_v precedency_n by_o a_o patent_n above_o their_o husband_n quality_n shall_v not_o be_v punish_v according_a to_o their_o precedency_n though_o marry_v the_o justice_n do_v in_o may_n 1671._o fine_a a_o woman_n in_o dumfreis_n in_o 500_o mark_n for_o drink_v the_o devil_n health_n but_o do_v not_o find_v it_o blasphemy_n title_n iv._o haeresy_n 1_o the_o definition_n of_o heresy_n 2_o whether_o invocation_n of_o spirit_n be_v heresy_n 3_o the_o punishment_n of_o heresy_n 4_o jesuit_n and_o traffic_a priest_n how_o punish_v 5_o the_o specialty_n ontroduce_v in_o punish_v this_o crime_n heresy_n be_v commit_v when_o a_o christian_a own_v pertinatious_o error_n condemn_v by_o the_o church_n i_o say_v when_o a_o christian_n own_a they_o because_o pagan_n and_o mahumetan_n be_v not_o punish_v as_o heretic_n simancas_n de_fw-fr haereti_fw-la cap._n 31._o num_fw-la 3._o for_o these_o be_v enemy_n to_o our_o faith_n in_o general_n and_o err_v not_o in_o particular_a point_n of_o it_o i_o say_v who_o err_v pertinatious_o because_o such_o as_o err_v ignorant_o or_o as_o have_v err_v perverse_o do_v not_o pertinatious_o adhere_v to_o their_o error_n be_v not_o to_o be_v esteem_v heretic_n and_o this_o repentance_n be_v to_o be_v receive_v any_o time_n even_o after_o sentence_n to_o stop_v the_o execution_n carer_n fol._n 642._o except_o they_o have_v relapse_v in_o their_o heresy_n for_o their_o second_o fall_n be_v not_o to_o be_v take_v off_o by_o repentance_n but_o though_o their_o repentance_n secure_v they_o against_o death_n in_o the_o first_o fall_n yet_o the_o be_v to_o be_v punish_v by_o perpetual_a imprisonment_n igneus_fw-la in_o l._n ff_o ad_fw-la sillan_n cook_n hoc_fw-la do_fw-mi ii_o though_o some_o make_v the_o adoration_n and_o invocation_n of_o spirit_n to_o be_v heresy_n yet_o other_o do_v more_o judicious_o determine_v that_o if_o these_o devil_n be_v invock_v to_o reveal_v thing_n to_o come_v than_o that_o invocation_n be_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o heresy_n for_o that_o be_v to_o attribute_v omniscience_n to_o the_o devil_n which_o be_v one_o of_o god_n attribute_n but_o if_o the_o devil_n be_v invock_v for_o a_o particular_a end_n or_o interest_n such_o as_o that_o he_o may_v learn_v the_o invocker_n how_o to_o prevail_v with_o a_o mistress_n or_o how_o to_o gain_v a_o prince_n favour_n in_o these_o case_n the_o invocker_n be_v not_o to_o be_v call_v a_o heretic_n clarus_n §_o haeresis_fw-la num_fw-la 25._o but_o neither_o do_v that_o distinction_n please_v i_o for_o such_o as_o invock_n the_o devil_n be_v not_o proper_o heretic_n especial_o if_o they_o have_v renounce_v their_o baptism_n for_o there_o be_v no_o reason_n to_o call_v they_o heretic_n who_o not_o only_o err_v in_o the_o faith_n but_o have_v renounce_v the_o faith_n entire_o and_o as_o pagan_n be_v not_o heretic_n because_o they_o worship_v false_a god_n so_o neither_o shall_v they_o who_o worship_v the_o devil_n and_o these_o who_o have_v renounce_v their_o baptism_n for_o they_o be_v in_o the_o same_o condition_n with_o these_o who_o be_v never_o baptize_v iii_o the_o punishment_n of_o heresy_n in_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o doctor_n be_v to_o be_v burn_v and_o confiscation_n of_o the_o delinquent_n movable_n clar._n num_fw-la 13._o but_o by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n heretic_n be_v only_o to_o be_v burn_v if_o they_o will_v not_o abjure_v by_o our_o law_n heresy_n be_v in_o the_o first_o instance_n try_v by_o the_o church_n and_o the_o secular_a power_n do_v not_o meddle_v to_o condemn_v heretic_n till_o they_o be_v first_o condemn_v by_o the_o church_n ja._n 1._o par._n 2._o act._n 28._o in_o which_o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o the_o bishop_n shall_v inquire_v into_o heresy_n and_o if_o they_o be_v find_v that_o they_o be_v punish_v as_o the_o law_n of_o the_o holy_a kirk_n require_v and_o if_o it_o master_n that_o secular_a power_n be_v call_v in_o support_n and_o help_v of_o holy_a kirk_n from_o which_o act_n it_o be_v observable_a first_o that_o the_o kirk_n be_v judge_n to_o heresy_n in_o
prima_fw-la instantia_fw-la during_o popery_n and_o this_o be_v conform_v to_o the_o opinion_n of_o almost_o all_o the_o doctor_n who_o think_v heresy_n crimen_fw-la mere_a ecclesiasticum_fw-la alcia_n in_o c._n 1._o num_fw-la 37._o the_o offic_n ord_n but_o they_o just_o conclude_v as_o in_o this_o statute_n that_o the_o cognition_n belong_v to_o the_o church_n and_o the_o punishment_n to_o the_o secular_a judge_n and_o this_o canonist_n call_v tradere_fw-la hâ—reticum_fw-la brachio_n seculari_fw-la and_o clarus_n do_v so_o far_a appropiat_fw-la this_o trial_n to_o the_o ecclesiastical_a judge_n that_o he_o allow_v not_o so_o much_o the_o secular_a judge_n as_o the_o power_n of_o mitigate_a the_o punishment_n and_o yet_o now_o the_o justice_n be_v judge_n competent_a in_o prima_fw-la instantia_fw-la to_o such_o as_o hear_v or_o say_v mass_n but_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o such_o be_v in_o general_n condemn_v by_o the_o church_n as_o guilty_a of_o heresy_n and_o yet_o the_o popish_a church_n be_v still_o judge_n to_o the_o protestant_n though_o they_o be_v condemn_v in_o general_a as_o heretic_n for_o the_o heretic_n be_v try_v and_o condemn_v first_o by_o the_o ecclesiastic_a judge_n among_o they_o the_o second_o thing_n remarkable_a in_o this_o act_n be_v that_o among_o ecclesiastic_n the_o bishop_n be_v the_o first_o judge_n in_o heresy_n which_o be_v also_o conform_v to_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o canonist_n clar._n h._n t._n num_fw-la 5._o after_o the_o reformation_n there_o be_v a_o confession_n of_o faith_n make_v and_o be_v set_v down_o by_o king_n james_n in_o his_o first_o parliament_n and_o ratify_v act_n 4._o and_o they_o who_o profess_v not_o the_o true_a religion_n may_v not_o be_v a_o judge_n but_o this_o be_v not_o extend_v to_o heritable_a office_n procurator_n nor_o member_n in_o any_o court_n ja._n 6._o pa._n 1._o c._n 9_o and_o such_o churchman_n as_o will_v not_o subscribe_v that_o confession_n be_v deprive_v ja._n 6._o pa._n 3._o act_n 46._o and_o all_o such_o as_o refuse_v to_o subscribe_v be_v to_o be_v repute_n rebel_n and_o enemy_n to_o the_o king_n and_o his_o government_n act_n 47._o iv._o our_o law_n fear_v the_o pain_n take_v by_o the_o romish_a church_n more_o than_o the_o hazard_n arise_v from_o any_o else_o have_v be_v more_o severe_a to_o these_o than_o to_o other_o and_o therefore_o the_o sayer_n or_o hearer_n of_o mass_n or_o such_o as_o be_v present_a thereat_o be_v punish_v 5._o act_n 1._o p._n i._n 6._o by_o confiscation_n of_o all_o their_o good_n movable_a and_o immovable_a and_o a_o arbitrary_a punishment_n of_o their_o person_n for_o the_o first_o fault_n banishment_n for_o the_o second_o fault_n and_o death_n for_o the_o three_o fault_n it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o such_o as_o hear_v mass_n for_o curiosity_n may_v be_v thus_o punish_v which_o be_v very_o ordinary_a abroad_o and_o it_o seem_v that_o heresy_n must_v be_v a_o act_n upon_o design_n and_o yet_o this_o law_n make_v no_o distinction_n here_o 2._o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o by_o confiscation_n of_o good_n immovable_a be_v mean_v land_n and_o heritage_n for_o they_o be_v call_v bona_fw-la immobilia_fw-la and_o yet_o i_o rather_o incline_v to_o think_v that_o this_o shall_v only_o extend_v to_o heritable_a bond_n and_o such_o like_a but_o not_o to_o land_n for_o heritage_n use_v always_o to_o be_v express_v distinct_o when_o the_o confiscation_n of_o it_o be_v design_v and_o if_o heritage_n be_v forefault_v by_o the_o first_o fault_n the_o punishment_n of_o the_o first_o will_v be_v great_a than_o the_o punishment_n of_o the_o second_o fault_n which_o be_v only_a banishment_n nor_o do_v heritage_n use_v to_o be_v express_v under_o the_o word_n good_n but_o thereafter_o the_o sayer_n of_o mass_n and_o traffic_v papist_n and_o the_o receiver_n of_o they_o against_o the_o king_n majesty_n and_o religion_n present_o profess_v be_v declare_v guilty_a of_o treason_n act_n 120._o pa._n 12._o ja._n 6._o but_o from_o these_o word_n against_o the_o king_n majesty_n and_o religion_n present_o profess_v it_o may_v be_v argue_v that_o only_o such_o jesuit_n and_o other_o as_o traffic_v to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o king_n person_n and_o government_n such_o as_o these_o who_o attempt_v the_o gun-powder-treason_n or_o to_o kill_v the_o king_n or_o raise_v rebellion_n be_v only_o guilty_a of_o treason_n which_o seem_v the_o rather_o because_o it_o be_v hard_a to_o make_v simple_a endeavour_v to_o persuade_v other_o in_o mere_a matter_n of_o religion_n to_o be_v treason_n it_o be_v also_o observable_a from_o this_o act_n that_o such_o jesuit_n or_o traffic_v papist_n or_o receipter_n of_o either_o as_o satisfy_v the_o king_n and_o kirk_n be_v not_o to_o be_v guilty_a of_o treason_n so_o that_o here_o treason_n be_v take_v away_o by_o repentance_n but_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o though_o they_o be_v not_o guilty_a of_o treason_n they_o may_v not_o be_v punish_v as_o heretic_n conform_v to_o the_o abovecited_a 5._o act._n 1._o pa._n ja._n 6._o for_o the_o act_n only_o declare_v that_o the_o penalty_n foresay_a shall_v not_o strike_v against_o they_o and_o though_o as_o i_o observe_v former_o such_o as_o be_v guilty_a of_o heresy_n may_v by_o repentance_n save_o themselves_o from_o the_o punishment_n of_o death_n yet_o be_v they_o still_o declare_v liable_a to_o other_o punishment_n such_o as_o perpetual_a imprisonment_n but_o yet_o since_o our_o law_n appoint_v no_o other_o punishment_n against_o trafficker_n and_o receipter_n of_o jesuit_n but_o what_o be_v express_v here_o and_o that_o the_o punishment_n here_o express_v be_v take_v off_o in_o case_n of_o repentance_n i_o rather_o believe_v that_o no_o punishment_n can_v be_v inflict_v in_o case_n of_o repentance_n against_o these_o and_o it_o be_v very_o reasonable_a that_o mere_a error_n in_o faith_n shall_v be_v pardon_v by_o mere_a repentance_n but_o as_o to_o the_o sayer_n and_o hearer_n of_o mass_n the_o former_a act_n seem_v to_o stand_v the_o seller_n also_o and_o disperser_n of_o erroneous_a and_o popish_a book_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v arbitrary_o by_o the_o rubric_n of_o the_o 25._o act_n 11._o pa._n ja._n 6._o but_o the_o statutory_a word_n run_v only_o against_o the_o home-bringer_n of_o such_o book_n the_o book_n also_o be_v to_o be_v destroy_v and_o warrant_n be_v give_v to_o magistrate_n of_o burgh_n with_o a_o minister_n to_o intromet_n with_o they_o without_o hazard_n of_o spuilzie_a but_o yet_o the_o practica_fw-la other_o officer_n such_o as_o sheriff_n and_o lord_n of_o regality_n do_v intromet_n with_o such_o book_n though_o they_o be_v not_o warrant_v and_o though_o inclusio_fw-la unius_fw-la est_fw-la exclusio_fw-la alterius_fw-la and_o though_o the_o act_n ordain_v a_o minister_n to_o be_v present_a which_o be_v certain_o appoint_v that_o it_o may_v be_v know_v whether_o the_o book_n be_v popish_a yet_o the_o praxi_fw-la magistrate_n use_v to_o intromet_n without_o have_v a_o minister_n present_a i_o find_v no_o express_a punishment_n against_o other_o heretic_n in_o our_o law_n nor_o de_fw-la praxi_fw-la be_v other_o heretic_n punish_v corporal_o but_o whether_o they_o may_v not_o be_v punish_v conform_a to_o the_o common_a law_n and_o upon_o that_o general_a act_n of_o k._n james_n the_o first_o i_o will_v not_o determine_v as_o also_o it_o be_v ordinary_a to_o banish_v only_a jesuit_n and_o sayer_n of_o mass_n as_o be_v do_v december_n 9_o 1573._o mr_n john_n robertson_n be_v banish_v by_o order_n from_o the_o council_n he_o enact_v himself_o under_o the_o pain_n of_o death_n never_o to_o return_v to_o scotland_n v._o the_o common_a law_n or_o doctor_n have_v introduce_v many_o specialty_n in_o the_o trial_n of_o this_o crime_n as_o first_o that_o less_o clear_a probation_n be_v admit_v in_o prove_v heresy_n than_o other_o crime_n clar._n §_o haeresis_fw-la num_fw-la 20._o and_o by_o a_o old_a act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la socii_fw-la criminis_fw-la woman_n and_o pupil_n be_v to_o be_v admit_v with_o we_o to_o prove_v hear_v and_o say_v of_o mass_n else_o that_o crime_n can_v not_o be_v prove_v 2._o a_o heretic_n may_v be_v try_v after_o death_n alber._n in_o rubr_n h._n t._n which_o they_o say_v hold_v not_o only_o in_o a_o heretic_n find_v guilty_a by_o probation_n haereticus_fw-la verus_fw-la but_o in_o these_o who_o be_v cite_v to_o compear_v for_o heresy_n but_o compear_v not_o who_o they_o call_v haereticum_fw-la praesumptum_fw-la but_o this_o hold_v not_o with_o we_o no_o not_o in_o these_o who_o be_v guilty_a of_o treason_n as_o be_v traffique_a jesuit_n or_o papist_n for_o only_a perduellion_n be_v by_o our_o law_n to_o by_o try_v after_o death_n but_o though_o the_o heretic_n can_v be_v punish_v after_o death_n yet_o his_o opinion_n may_v be_v condemn_v as_o heretical_a even_o after_o his_o death_n title_n v._o simony_n baratry_n 1_o what_o be_v simony_n 2_o how_o it_o
be_v probable_a 3_o the_o nature_n and_o punishment_n of_o it_o in_o scotland_n 4_o baratry_n ecclesiastic_a 5_o baratry_n civil_a simony_n be_v the_o sell_v or_o buy_v any_o church_n office_n cupiditas_fw-la emendi_fw-la aut_fw-la vendendi_fw-la aliquid_fw-la spiritual_fw-la aut_fw-la spirituali_fw-la annexum_fw-la so_o call_v from_o simon_n magus_n who_o offer_v to_o buy_v the_o grace_n of_o god_n and_o the_o canonist_n teach_v that_o it_o be_v simony_n to_o paction_n for_o any_o advantage_n in_o administrate_v the_o sacrament_n but_o not_o to_o take_v reward_n after_o they_o have_v administrate_n they_o ii_o in_o this_o crime_n infamous_a person_n whoor_n and_o other_o witness_n who_o be_v not_o habiles_fw-la or_o at_o least_o who_o be_v not_o omni_n exceptione_n majores_fw-la be_v here_o receivable_a cap._n sicut_fw-la de_fw-fr simon_n because_o it_o be_v ordinary_o carry_v on_o with_o much_o privacy_n and_o clandestine_v deal_v for_o which_o reason_n likewise_o lawyer_n conclude_v that_o it_o may_v be_v prove_v by_o presumption_n it_o be_v crimen_fw-la mere_a ecclesiasticum_fw-la and_o can_v be_v punish_v by_o laic_n the_o punishment_n be_v depravation_n iii_o with_o we_o simony_n be_v once_o mention_v and_o that_o be_v act_n 1_o par._n 21._o ja._n 6._o wherein_o it_o be_v statute_n that_o if_o the_o archbishop_n or_o bishop_n deprehend_v that_o the_o person_n who_o be_v present_v have_v make_v any_o simonaical_a paction_n with_o the_o patron_n whereby_o he_o have_v so_o hurt_v the_o benefice_n as_o that_o he_o have_v not_o reserve_v a_o sufficient_a maintenance_n for_o himself_o and_o his_o successor_n suitable_a to_o the_o value_n of_o the_o benefice_n that_o the_o bishop_n may_v refuse_v the_o presentation_n and_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n be_v declare_v to_o be_v judge_n to_o any_o debate_n arise_v betwixt_o the_o bishop_n patron_n and_o person_n upon_o that_o account_n from_o which_o act_n it_o be_v observable_a 1._o that_o it_o be_v employ_v and_o tacit_o acknowledge_v that_o simony_n be_v a_o crime_n by_o our_o law_n see_v this_o be_v punish_v as_o a_o branch_n thereof_o and_o therefore_o i_o conceive_v that_o what_o ever_o be_v punish_v as_o simony_n by_o the_o canon_n law_n be_v punishable_a with_o we_o and_o that_o a_o minister_n or_o other_o beneficed_a person_n who_o bargain_n or_o transact_v with_o any_o to_o get_v they_o a_o church_n or_o benefice_n and_o give_v or_o promise_v money_n therefore_o be_v punishable_a even_o by_o our_o law_n 2._o that_o by_o this_o act_n a_o paction_n whereby_o the_o incumbent_n reserve_v to_o himself_o a_o competency_n suitable_a to_o the_o benefice_n be_v not_o simony_n and_o what_o this_o conpetencie_n be_v be_v leave_v arbitrary_a to_o the_o judge_n because_o it_o be_v not_o determine_v 3._o that_o this_o crime_n be_v probable_a with_o we_o by_o oath_n because_o of_o its_o clandestine_v convoyance_n as_o say_v be_v by_o the_o stat._n eliz._n 31._o the_o person_n commit_v simony_n be_v declare_v uncapable_a to_o enjoy_v that_o ecclesiastic_a office_n iv._o baratry_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o simony_n socinus_n reg_fw-la 55._o bald._n part_n 5._o consil._n 21._o which_o with_o we_o be_v commit_v by_o these_o who_o go_v to_o rome_n to_o buy_v benefice_n without_o licence_n from_o the_o chancellor_n or_o their_o ordinar_n i._o 1._o p._n 7._o cap._n 106._o the_o pain_n of_o it_o be_v banishment_n and_o never_o to_o bruik_v honour_n or_o employment_n for_o the_o future_a within_o the_o kingdom_n this_o word_n come_v from_o the_o italian_a word_n baratry_n which_o signify_v corrupt_v of_o judge_n for_o our_o law_n presume_v that_o these_o who_o go_v to_o rome_n to_o get_v a_o benefice_n design_v to_o get_v it_o by_o corruption_n but_o though_o barater_n be_v call_v canpone_n beneficiorum_fw-la by_o the_o doctor_n as_o craig_n observe_v pag._n 371._o yet_o our_o king_n be_v of_o old_a very_o submissive_a to_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n dare_v not_o direct_o at_o first_o forbid_v application_n to_o rome_n but_o do_v only_o forbid_v the_o carry_v abroad_o money_n out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n know_v that_o nothing_o can_v be_v do_v there_o without_o money_n but_o thereafter_o this_o crime_n grow_v great_a the_o parliament_n do_v by_o the_o 84._o cap._n p._n 6._o i._o 3._o forbid_v express_o the_o go_n to_o rome_n to_o purchase_v benefice_n or_o to_o be_v its_o collector_n under_o the_o pain_n of_o be_v demean_v as_o traitor_n and_o never_o to_o bruik_v benefice_n or_o use_v worship_n which_o be_v ratify_v by_o the_o 53._o act_n 5._o p._n i._n 4._o but_o though_o the_o punishment_n be_v that_o of_o treason_n by_o these_o act_n yet_o by_o the_o 2._o act_n 1_o p._n i._n 6._o the_o punishment_n of_o baratry_n be_v declare_v to_o be_v prescription_n banishment_n and_o never_o to_o bruik_v honour_n nor_o office_n within_o the_o kingdom_n and_o all_o application_n to_o rome_n be_v punishable_a as_o baratry_n this_o act_n be_v after_o the_o reformation_n and_o by_o this_o last_o act_n it_o be_v declare_v that_o baratry_n may_v be_v punish_v either_o by_o the_o justice_n or_o lord_n of_o session_n and_o upon_o this_o act_n james_n archbishop_n of_o glasgow_n be_v exauctorate_v after_o the_o reformation_n for_o go_v to_o rome_n v._o the_o son_n of_o noble_a man_n and_o other_o pass_v to_o school_n beyond_o sea_n without_o the_o king_n licence_n be_v also_o say_v to_o commit_v baratry_a i._n 6._o p._n 6._o cap._n 71._o and_o the_o council_n use_v to_o ordain_v noble_a man_n who_o breed_v their_o child_n abroad_o in_o popish_a school_n to_o bring_v they_o home_o under_o a_o great_a fine_a as_o they_o do_v late_o to_o the_o lord_n of_o mordingtoun_n and_o semple_n in_o anno_fw-la 1668._o before_o which_o act_n also_o all_o laic_n go_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n without_o consent_n of_o the_o king_n or_o licence_n from_o the_o chancellor_n commit_v baratry_n i._o 4._o p._n 5._o cap._n 53._o and_o though_o craig_n debate_v pag._n 371._o whether_o the_o punishment_n of_o this_o be_v the_o same_o with_o treason_n because_o it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v punishable_a as_o treason_n cap._n 84._o pa._n 6._o i._o 3._o yet_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o this_o punishment_n be_v restrict_v by_o the_o act_n 2._o p._n 1._o i._o 1._o to_o the_o be_v declare_v incapable_a of_o trust_n and_o banishment_n this_o prohibition_n of_o laic_n go_v abroad_o be_v first_o at_o carthage_n and_o be_v now_o in_o vigour_n at_o naples_n and_o many_o other_o place_n and_o though_o it_o be_v now_o in_o desuetude_n at_o least_o be_v not_o punish_v except_o in_o privy_a counsellor_n yet_o i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o any_o shall_v say_v that_o this_o crime_n take_v only_a place_n in_o vassal_n hold_v immediate_o of_o the_o king_n for_o the_o act_n be_v general_a and_o yet_o merchant_n be_v warrant_v by_o divers_a act_n of_o parliament_n to_o traffic_n abroad_o and_o so_o fall_v not_o under_o this_o prohibition_n title_n vi_o treason_n laesa_fw-la majestas_fw-la 1_o treason_n be_v divide_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n in_o perduellion_n and_o laese-majestie_n 2_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o perduellion_n and_o laese-majestie_n 3_o treason_n with_o we_o may_v be_v divide_v in_o perduellion_n laese-majestie_n and_o statutory_a treason_n 4_o the_o nature_n of_o perduellion_n or_o rise_v in_o arm_n which_o be_v the_o first_o species_n of_o treason_n 5_o the_o second_o species_n of_o treason_n be_v commit_v against_o the_o king_n person_n 6_o the_o three_o be_v the_o recept_v such_o as_o have_v commit_v treason_n 7_o the_o four_o be_v to_o hold_v out_o house_n against_o the_o king_n 8_o the_o five_o be_v to_o assail_v castle_n where_o the_o king_n reside_v 9_o the_o six_o be_v to_o raise_v a_o fray_n in_o the_o king_n host._n 10_o the_o seven_o be_v to_o trouble_v any_o who_o kill_v a_o declare_a traitor_n 11_o the_o eight_o be_v to_o impugn_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o three_o estate_n 12_o the_o nine_o be_v to_o decline_v the_o king_n or_o council_n authority_n 13_o the_o ten_o be_v to_o conceal_v and_o not_o reveal_v treason_n 14_o the_o eleven_o be_v to_o desert_n the_o king_n host._n 15_o the_o twelve_o be_v to_o deny_v the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o have_v the_o sole_a power_n in_o call_v and_o dissolve_v parliament_n 16_o how_o the_o kill_a counsellor_n be_v punishable_a 17_o the_o several_a branch_n of_o statutory_a treason_n 18_o to_o accuse_v any_o man_n for_o treason_n if_o the_o accuse_v be_v assoilzy_v be_v treason_n 19_o treason_n be_v not_o baleable_a 20_o summons_n of_o treason_n ought_v to_o be_v execute_v by_o herald_n 21_o whether_o less_o probation_n be_v sufficient_a in_o treason_n then_o in_o other_o crime_n 22_o treason_n may_v be_v pursue_v after_o the_o committer_n death_n 23_o traitor_n may_v be_v forefault_v in_o absence_n 24_o how_o disobey_v the_o king_n be_v punishable_a 25_o the_o punishment_n of_o treason_n in_o general_n unhappy_a
man_n retain_v in_o nothing_o so_o much_o a_o desire_n to_o be_v like_o his_o maker_n as_o in_o that_o he_o will_v be_v supreme_a and_o no_o wonder_n that_o this_o crime_n shall_v be_v incident_a to_o he_o in_o this_o lapse_v condition_n when_o his_o will_n be_v crooked_a and_o his_o judgement_n blind_a since_o the_o very_a angel_n in_o their_o purity_n and_o man_n in_o his_o innocence_n be_v tempt_v by_o it_o so_o that_o since_o man_n have_v subject_v themselves_o to_o government_n we_o may_v easy_o conclude_v they_o find_v a_o great_a convenience_n in_o this_o submission_n else_o they_o have_v never_o offer_v so_o much_o violence_n to_o their_o own_o inclination_n to_o society_n and_o law_n we_o owe_v every_o moment_n the_o preservation_n of_o our_o life_n and_o fortune_n which_o nothing_o but_o discipline_n do_v secure_a and_o without_o a_o entire_a submission_n these_o society_n will_v be_v but_o company_n of_o robber_n and_o law_n but_o mere_a toy_n how_o many_o danger_n do_v governor_n incur_v and_o by_o how_o many_o care_n and_o fear_n be_v they_o disquiet_v wherefore_o it_o be_v most_o just_a that_o those_o who_o govern_v shall_v be_v more_o secure_a against_o their_o subject_n then_o against_o their_o enemy_n since_o they_o may_v be_v most_o easy_o wrong_v by_o those_o who_o live_v in_o their_o own_o bosom_n and_o who_o have_v easy_a and_o open_a access_n to_o they_o in_o other_o crime_n one_o or_o at_o most_o few_o be_v wrong_v whereas_o in_o rebellion_n and_o laese_n majesty_n the_o whole_a society_n be_v offend_v and_o therefore_o it_o be_v most_o just_a that_o those_o who_o design_n the_o ruin_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n or_o the_o supreme_a governor_n which_o crime_n we_o call_v treason_n shall_v of_o all_o other_o be_v most_o severe_o punish_v and_o the_o basilick_n l._n 1._o h._n 1._o observe_v well_o that_o treason_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o sacrilege_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._o treason_n be_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n divide_v in_o perduellionem_fw-la &_o laesam_fw-la majestatem_fw-la perduellion_n be_v that_o treason_n which_o be_v commit_v against_o the_o prince_n or_o commonwealth_n immediate_o adversus_fw-la populum_fw-la romanum_fw-la vel_fw-la securitatem_fw-la ejus_fw-la laese_n majesty_n as_o oppose_v to_o perduellion_n be_v commit_v by_o speak_v against_o the_o prince_n reveal_v his_o secret_n etc._n etc._n this_o crime_n be_v punish_v per_fw-la legem_fw-la juliam_fw-la the_o branch_n whereof_o be_v the_o raise_n of_o arm_n against_o the_o state_n the_o be_v in_o accession_n to_o the_o flight_n of_o such_o as_o be_v hostage_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n or_o to_o the_o kill_n of_o any_o magistrate_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n the_o keep_a correspondence_n with_o the_o enemy_n the_o continue_v to_o govern_v a_o province_n after_o a_o a_o successor_n be_v name_v the_o levy_v of_o a_o army_n and_o run_v in_o to_o the_o enemy_n all_o which_o be_v express_o enumerat_a ff_n ad_fw-la leg_n jul._n majestat_fw-la ii_o betwixt_o these_o two_o hottoman_n assign_v these_o four_o difference_n 1._o that_o perduellion_n be_v that_o whereby_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v in_o general_n wrong_v qui_fw-la summam_fw-la rei_fw-la publicae_fw-la lube_fw-la factare_fw-la conati_fw-la sunt_fw-la laesa_fw-la majestas_fw-la be_v that_o whereby_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v only_o wrong_v in_o a_o part_n or_o by_o consequence_n as_o to_o suffer_v the_o enemy_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n to_o escape_v or_o to_o conceal_v they_o etc._n etc._n the_o 2._o be_v the_o crime_n of_o laese_n majesty_n may_v have_v be_v pursue_v before_o the_o ordinary_a judge_n in_o foro_fw-la but_o perduellion_n can_v not_o be_v pursue_v but_o in_o the_o great_a meeting_n of_o the_o people_n à _fw-la populo_fw-la romano_n comitiis_fw-la centuriatis_fw-la in_o campo_fw-it martio_fw-la whence_o probable_o do_v arise_v the_o judge_a treason_n by_o parliament_n with_o we_o the_o 3._o be_v that_o the_o crime_n of_o ordinary_a laese_n majesty_n be_v not_o punish_v with_o death_n as_o perduellion_n be_v but_o with_o banishment_n the_o 4._o be_v that_o the_o ordinary_a laese_n majesty_n be_v punish_v by_o death_n but_o perduellion_n be_v punishable_a after_o death_n iii_o treason_n may_v be_v with_o we_o divide_v in_o perduellion_n which_o we_o call_v high_a treason_n call_v by_o the_o english_a law_n alta_fw-la proditio_fw-la or_o rebellion_n which_o be_v only_o with_o we_o a_o rise_n in_o arm_n against_o the_o king_n and_o in_o ordinary_a treason_n and_o laese_n majesty_n such_o as_o to_o conceal_v and_o not_o reveal_v treason_n and_o in_o statutory_a treason_n which_o be_v not_o treason_n proper_o of_o its_o own_o nature_n but_o be_v declare_v to_o be_v so_o by_o a_o particular_a statute_n as_o be_v that_o of_o murder_n under_o trust_n theft_n in_o landed-man_n etc._n etc._n iv._o perduellion_n in_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v that_o which_o we_o call_v rebellion_n in_o our_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o it_o be_v so_o call_v extravagan_a hen._n 7._o qui_fw-la sunt_fw-la rebel_n and_o there_o it_o be_v statute_n that_o rebel_n &_o infideles_fw-la imperii_fw-la qui_fw-la quom_fw-la docunque_fw-la aliquid_fw-la machinantur_fw-la contra_fw-la prosperitatem_fw-la imperii_fw-la but_o i_o find_v not_o the_o word_n rebellion_n use_v in_o the_o law_n before_o that_o time_n yet_o sometime_o rebellion_n be_v in_o our_o law_n take_v for_o that_o which_o be_v commit_v against_o the_o king_n person_n as_o in_o the_o 3._o act_n 1._o parl._n k._n ja._n 1._o where_o it_o be_v say_v no_o man_n shall_v rebel_v against_o the_o king_n person_n open_o nor_o notour_o but_o the_o adverb_n there_o use_v open_o and_o notour_o in_o that_o and_o the_o subsequent_a act_n interpret_v sufficient_o the_o word_n rise_v against_o the_o king_n person_n to_o be_v the_o same_o with_o we_o that_o be_v call_v perduellion_n in_o the_o civil_a law_n viz._n siquis_fw-la hostili_fw-la animo_fw-la adversus_fw-la principem_fw-la vel_fw-la rempublicam_fw-la animatus_fw-la sit_fw-la to_o raise_v arm_n against_o the_o king_n then_o or_o to_o rise_v in_o open_a rebellion_n be_v the_o first_o and_o high_a degree_n of_o treason_n ja._n 2._o par._n 6._o act_n 25._o where_o it_o be_v call_v a_o raise_n in_o fear_n of_o war_n against_o the_o king_n which_o act_n comprehend_v all_o the_o kind_n of_o treason_n like_o lex_fw-la prima_fw-la ff_n ad_fw-la l._n jul._n majest_n and_o therefore_o i_o will_v follow_v that_o method_n and_o though_o it_o be_v add_v in_o that_o act_n that_o it_o shall_v be_v treason_n to_o rise_v in_o fear_n of_o war_n against_o his_o person_n or_o majesty_n of_o what_o ever_o age_n he_o be_v of_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o three_o estate_n yet_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o three_o estate_n will_v not_o defend_v the_o rise_n in_o arm_n against_o the_o king_n as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o marquis_n of_o argyle_n be_v pursue_v upon_o this_o act_n in_o anno_fw-la 1662._o for_o rise_v in_o arm_n against_o the_o marquis_n of_o montrose_n then_o the_o king_n commissioner_n for_o the_o analysis_n of_o that_o act_n must_v run_v run_v so_o as_o that_o these_o word_n without_o consent_n of_o the_o three_o estate_n can_v be_v add_v to_o all_o the_o former_a treason_n commit_v against_o the_o king_n person_n which_o be_v contain_v in_o that_o act_n for_o many_o thing_n in_o that_o act_n can_v not_o be_v justify_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o three_o estate_n for_o else_o the_o three_o estate_n and_o not_o the_o king_n will_v be_v sovereign_a for_o they_o only_o be_v sovereign_a against_o who_o treason_n can_v be_v commit_v but_o these_o word_n must_v only_o be_v take_v as_o add_v to_o the_o last_o crime_n prohibit_v which_o be_v the_o assail_a of_o the_o castle_n or_o house_n where_o the_o king_n person_n be_v which_o may_v be_v lawful_o do_v by_o authority_n of_o the_o estate_n for_o if_o the_o king_n be_v very_o young_a be_v take_v prisoner_n as_o our_o king_n ofttimes_o be_v in_o their_o minority_n it_o have_v be_v absurd_a to_o think_v that_o these_o who_o go_v to_o assail_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o three_o estate_n that_o castle_n where_o the_o king_n person_n be_v shall_v be_v punish_v as_o traitor_n because_o of_o their_o obedience_n but_o to_o suppress_v all_o pretext_n that_o may_v arise_v from_o that_o act_n it_o be_v declare_v by_o the_o 5_o act_n 1_o parl._n 1_o sess._n ch._n 2._o that_o the_o king_n have_v the_o only_a power_n of_o make_v war_n and_o peace_n and_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v treason_n for_o any_o number_n of_o man_n less_o or_o more_o upon_o any_o ground_n or_o pretext_n whatsoever_o to_o rise_v or_o continue_v in_o arm_n to_o maintain_v any_o fort_n strength_n or_o garrison_n or_o to_o make_v league_n or_o treaty_n among_o themselves_o or_o with_o foreign_a prince_n without_o his_o majesty_n authority_n and_o approbation_n first_o interpon_v thereto_o or_o to_o attempt_v any_o of_o these_o thing_n under_o
the_o pain_n of_o treason_n from_o which_o act_n it_o be_v observable_a 1._o that_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o three_o estate_n be_v not_o able_a to_o defend_v the_o rise_n in_o arm_n or_o make_v league_n see_v that_o be_v declare_v to_o be_v his_o majesty_n prerogative_n 2._o that_o the_o rise_n in_o defensive_a arm_n be_v treason_n by_o these_o word_n upon_o what_o pretext_n soever_o 3._o that_o nudus_fw-la conatus_fw-la be_v in_o this_o case_n treason_n by_o these_o word_n to_o attempt_v by_o the_o english_a law_n the_o conspire_v to_o raise_v a_o war_n be_v not_o treason_n except_o it_o be_v de_fw-fr facto_fw-la raise_v and_o with_o they_o if_o three_o or_o four_o rise_v to_o throw_v down_o private_a house_n or_o for_o any_o private_a cause_n it_o be_v but_o a_o riot_n but_o if_o these_o three_o or_o four_o rise_v to_o reform_v law_n or_o religion_n or_o upon_o any_o public_a account_n than_o it_o be_v account_v the_o levy_v war_n against_o the_o king_n cook_n hoc_fw-la tit_n pag._n 9_o who_o likewise_o tell_v we_o that_o if_o three_o conspire_v to_o levy_v a_o war_n it_o be_v treason_n if_o in_o the_o mere_a conspirer_n if_o the_o rest_n thereafter_o levy_v actual_o a_o war_n though_o he_o be_v not_o present_a and_o in_o that_o sense_n only_o i_o will_v interpret_v the_o severe_a l._n 19_o basil._n h._n t._n propter_fw-la cogitationem_fw-la dignus_fw-la est_fw-la poena_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o the_o english_a law_n require_v still_o owert_a fait_fw-fr a_o open_a deed_n this_o rise_n in_o arm_n be_v likewise_o call_v seditio_fw-la regni_fw-la vel_fw-la exercitus_fw-la reg._n majest_n lib._n 4._o cap._n 1._o &_o cap._n 11._o ibid._n ad_fw-la tit_n sedit_fw-la the_o second_o species_n of_o treason_n be_v to_o commit_v treason_n against_o the_o king_n person_n and_o i_o find_v that_o this_o be_v the_o first_o kind_n of_o treason_n express_v in_o the_o former_a act_n 25._o parl._n 6._o ja._n 2._o whereby_o it_o be_v declare_v treason_n to_o lay_v hand_n upon_o his_o person_n violent_o what_o ever_o age_n he_o be_v of_o which_o word_n be_v add_v to_o clear_v that_o it_o be_v treason_n to_o rebel_v even_o against_o his_o authority_n before_o he_o be_v proclaim_v or_o crown_v for_o the_o be_v crown_v or_o proclaim_v be_v tantum_fw-la declaratoria_fw-la juris_fw-la sed_fw-la nihil_fw-la novi_fw-la juris_fw-la tribuit_fw-la it_o be_v the_o jus_o sanguinis_fw-la and_o succession_n of_o blood_n which_o make_v he_o king_n this_o species_n of_o treason_n be_v likewise_o declare_v act_n 3._o and_o 4._o parl._n 1_o ja._n 1._o and_o in_o their_o case_n affectus_fw-la sine_fw-la effectu_fw-la punitur_fw-la and_o thus_o the_o master_n of_o forbes_n be_v hurl_v through_o the_o calsey_n hang_v and_o quarter_v for_o imagine_v this_o be_v a_o english_a term_n which_o signify_v a_o design_n to_o shoot_v k._n james_n the_o 5_o 17._o july_n 1537._o and_o the_o countess_n of_o glames_z be_v burn_v for_o imagine_v to_o poison_v the_o say_a king_n james_n the_o five_o 17._o july_n 1537._o by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n it_o be_v not_o treason_n to_o kill_v a_o king_n out_o of_o possession_n cook_n pag._n 9_o but_o this_o seem_v unjust_a if_o the_o king_n title_n be_v clear_a as_o our_o king_n be_v in_o exile_n though_o in_o dubious_a case_n such_o as_o betwixt_o the_o bruce_n and_o balliol_n possession_n may_v difference_n the_o case_n to_o kill_v the_o king_n be_v elder_a son_n be_v with_o they_o treason_n 25._o stat._n edw._n 3._o the_o three_o species_n of_o treason_n be_v the_o reset_a any_o who_o have_v commit_v treason_n or_o that_o supply_v they_o in_o red_a help_n or_o counsel_n cujus_fw-la opera_fw-la dolo_fw-la malo_fw-la host_n populi_fw-la romani_fw-la pecunia_fw-la aliave_fw-la re_fw-la adjuti_fw-la erant_fw-la this_o be_v likewise_o discharge_v act._n 97._o parl._n 7._o ja._n 5._o where_o all_o the_o liedge_n be_v forbid_v to_o reset_v supply_n or_o maintain_v our_o sovereign_a lord_n rebel_n under_o pain_n of_o death_n and_o if_o any_o disobey_v to_o enforce_v id_fw-la est_fw-la to_o second_v the_o king_n against_o notour_n rebel_n against_o his_o person_n when_o they_o be_v require_v and_o command_v they_o shall_v be_v punish_v by_o the_o king_n as_o favourer_n of_o such_o rebel_n except_o they_o have_v for_o they_o a_o reasonable_a excusation_n act_n 4._o parl._n 1_o ja._n 1._o from_o which_o act_n it_o may_v be_v debate_v the_o refuse_v to_o assist_v against_o rebel_n that_o be_v not_o notour_n or_o against_o rebel_n that_o have_v not_o commit_v any_o other_o treason_n than_o perduellion_n can_v infer_v with_o we_o the_o guilt_n of_o treason_n the_o doctor_n here_o debate_v whether_o a_o wife_n reset_a her_o own_o husband_n or_o a_o father_n his_o son_n commit_v treason_n and_o albeit_o it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o the_o relation_n of_o sovereign_n and_o subject_a be_v the_o chief_a of_o all_o other_o and_o so_o all_o other_o relation_n shall_v cede_fw-la to_o it_o and_o rebellion_n against_o the_o state_n lose_v all_o relation_n l._n post_fw-la liminium_fw-la ff_n de_fw-mi capt_n &_o postlimin_n yet_o the_o ordinary_a distinction_n be_v that_o if_o any_o of_o these_o relation_n assist_v a_o rebel_n with_o thing_n that_o be_v necessary_a for_o he_o as_o a_o man_n as_o meat_n drink_z etc._n etc._n in_o that_o case_n they_o be_v not_o guilty_a of_o treason_n but_o if_o they_o assist_v these_o relation_n with_o any_o thing_n that_o may_v be_v serviceable_a to_o they_o in_o their_o treason_n than_o they_o be_v guilty_a farin_n quest_n 113._o num_fw-la 280._o and_o matheus_n hoc_fw-la do_fw-mi cap._n 2._o num_fw-la 20._o for_o albeit_o rebel_n lose_v all_o the_o privilege_n of_o the_o municipal_a law_n yet_o they_o retain_v those_o privilege_n that_o flow_v from_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o nature_n bartol_n ad_fw-la l._n amissum_fw-la ff_n de_fw-mi capt_n &_o postlim_fw-la and_o thus_o caesar_n pardon_v pompey_n son_n and_o tiberius_n piso_n son_n albeit_o they_o follow_v their_o father_n after_o they_o be_v declare_v traitor_n but_o i_o find_v in_o our_o law_n many_o decision_n of_o this_o question_n as_o in_o july_n 1537._o where_o janet_n dowglas_n lady_n glames_z be_v convict_v and_o burn_v for_o fortify_v and_o assist_v the_o earl_n of_o angus_n and_o george_n dowglas_n her_o brethren_n traitor_n and_o rebel_n and_o 18._o july_n 1537._o the_o mr._n of_o glames_z be_v hang_v and_o draw_v for_o conceal_v and_o not_o reveal_v the_o treasonable_a design_n of_o his_o mother_n to_o poison_v the_o king_n but_o the_o countess_n of_o errol_n be_v pursue_v for_o assist_v the_o earl_n of_o bothwel_n at_o least_o for_o not_o reveal_v a_o letter_n she_o have_v receive_v from_o the_o earl_n of_o bothwels_n lady_n desire_v assistance_n it_o be_v allege_v for_o the_o lady_n that_o the_o countess_n of_o bothwel_n be_v no_o rebel_n though_o her_o husband_n be_v and_o that_o she_o have_v not_o consent_v this_o be_v delay_v anno_fw-la 1596._o vii_o the_o four_o species_n or_o point_n of_o treason_n be_v to_o stuff_v the_o house_n of_o they_o who_o be_v convict_v of_o treason_n and_o hold_v they_o against_o the_o king_n or_o that_o stuff_v any_o of_o their_o own_o house_n in_o further_a of_o the_o king_n rebel_n which_o be_v express_v also_o by_o the_o former_a act_n yet_o i_o think_v this_o rather_o exegetick_a of_o the_o former_a point_n than_o a_o separate_a point_n of_o treason_n for_o both_o these_o may_v be_v comprehend_v under_o help_n red_a or_o counsel_n robert_n stewart_n be_v hang_v for_o keep_v out_o his_o house_n against_o the_o king_n and_o the_o earl_n of_o orknay_n his_o father_n be_v hang_v for_o hound_v out_o his_o son_n the_o one_o the_o 5._o of_o january_n and_o the_o other_o the_o 1._o of_o february_n 1615._o and_o cunninghame_n of_o tourland_n be_v forefault_n and_o execute_v for_o assist_v his_o brother_n in_o keep_v out_o the_o house_n of_o cunninghame-head_n 15._o february_n 1601._o but_o yet_o when_o house_n be_v ordain_v to_o be_v render_v be_v keep_v only_o for_o private_a cause_n under_o pain_n of_o treason_n though_o the_o party_n disobey_v yet_o if_o he_o thereafter_o yield_v that_o manner_n of_o keep_v out_o house_n will_v not_o be_v punish_v as_o treason_n but_o arbitrary_o as_o in_o burgy_n case_n 1668._o the_o 2._o of_o february_n 2674._o mackloud_o of_o assint_fw-la be_v pannele_v for_o have_v garrison_v his_o house_n of_o arbreak_n and_o convocate_a his_o majesty_n liedge_n to_o the_o number_n of_o 400._o man_n under_o pay_n and_o colour_n against_o which_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o assint_fw-la here_o only_o fortify_v his_o house_n and_o convocat_n his_o man_n to_o oppose_v the_o earl_n of_o seaforth_n but_o not_o the_o king_n nor_o do_v he_o pretend_v any_o quarrel_n against_o the_o government_n but_o against_o private_a oppression_n to_o which_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o this_o be_v
express_o treason_n by_o the_o 6._o parl._n k._n ja._n 2._o cap._n 14._o whereby_o it_o be_v statute_n that_o none_o rebel_v against_o the_o king_n person_n or_o authority_n and_o the_o house_n be_v here_o garrison_v to_o defend_v against_o the_o sheriff_n who_o be_v come_v to_o eject_v in_o his_o majesty_n name_n to_o resist_v he_o be_v to_o resist_v his_o majesty_n authority_n and_o be_v garrison_v in_o furtherance_n of_o rebel_n and_o rebellion_n it_o be_v treason_n by_o the_o 25._o act_n 6._o parl._n k._n ja._n 2._o likeas_n the_o convocation_n be_v of_o about_o 400._o man_n or_o thereby_o under_o the_o command_n of_o captain_n ensign_n and_o other_o officer_n it_o be_v likewise_o treason_n by_o the_o 75._o act_n 9_o parl._n q._n m._n and_o the_o 5._o act._n 1._o parl._n ch._n 2._o the_o justice_n do_v find_v the_o garrison_n of_o the_o house_n not_o relevant_a to_o infer_v treason_n but_o only_o to_o infer_v the_o punishment_n of_o deforcement_n whereupon_o the_o pursuer_n be_v force_v to_o allege_v of_o new_a that_o they_o insist_v against_o he_o for_o have_v garrison_v his_o house_n after_o the_o publication_n of_o the_o letter_n of_o fire_n and_o sword_n raise_v at_o the_o pursuer_n instance_n against_o assint_fw-la upon_o which_o debate_n they_o find_v that_o the_o garrison_n and_o provide_v of_o the_o house_n after_o the_o publication_n of_o the_o letter_n of_o fire_n and_o sword_n be_v relevant_a to_o infer_v the_o punishment_n of_o treason_n likeas_n they_o refuse_v to_o sustain_v that_o article_n wherein_o be_v libel_v the_o raise_n of_o man_n and_o the_o dispose_n they_o in_o company_n under_o colour_n to_o be_v relevant_a except_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o they_o be_v a_o hundred_o man_n or_o upward_o and_o be_v under_o colour_n or_o muster_v or_o under_o weekly_a or_o daily_o pay_v and_o that_o all_o this_o be_v do_v after_o the_o publication_n of_o the_o letter_n of_o fire_n and_o sword_n both_o which_o interlocutor_n seem_v surprise_v for_o as_o to_o the_o first_o it_o seem_v that_o the_o garrison_n of_o any_o house_n against_o a_o sheriff_n or_o any_o judge_n be_v to_o garrison_n it_o against_o the_o king_n '_o authority_n for_o a_o sheriff_n do_v represent_v the_o king_n in_o his_o authority_n as_o much_o as_o any_o soldier_n do_v and_o it_o be_v undeniable_a that_o to_o garrison_n house_n against_o the_o king_n soldier_n be_v treason_n nor_o can_v it_o be_v deny_v but_o that_o if_o this_o be_v allow_v no_o sentence_n can_v receive_v execution_n in_o scotland_n since_o every_o man_n may_v garrison_n his_o house_n and_o every_o man_n may_v deny_v that_o he_o garrison_v his_o house_n against_o the_o king_n and_o to_o put_v in_o a_o garrison_n and_o authorise_v they_o to_o defend_v the_o house_n be_v so_o clear_o a_o warlike_a action_n that_o there_o be_v no_o place_n leave_v to_o debate_v upon_o intention_n and_o though_o the_o defend_n house_n be_v ordinary_o pursue_v as_o deforcement_n yet_o the_o formal_a garrison_n of_o it_o import_v much_o more_o and_o the_o commission_n of_o fire_n and_o sword_n do_v not_o add_v any_o thing_n to_o the_o crime_n commit_v in_o garrison_v the_o house_n for_o the_o design_n of_o such_o letter_n be_v only_o to_o warrant_n and_o command_v the_o liedge_n to_o prosecute_v they_o as_o rebel_n so_o that_o before_o the_o raise_n of_o the_o letter_n they_o be_v account_v open_a and_o notorious_a rebel_n for_o letter_n of_o fire_n and_o sword_n be_v only_o grant_v against_o such_o and_o therefore_o assint_fw-la in_o garrison_v his_o house_n to_o defend_v such_o do_v express_o commit_v treason_n against_o the_o 25._o act_n 6._o par._n ja._n 2._o the_o second_o part_n of_o the_o interlocutor_fw-la seem_v likewise_o very_o hard_o for_o raise_v man_n in_o fear_n of_o war_n and_o list_v they_o under_o colour_n or_o swear_v they_o to_o colour_n be_v certain_o exercitum_fw-la comparare_fw-la though_o there_o be_v no_o commission_n of_o fire_n or_o sword_n for_o the_o design_n of_o these_o letter_n be_v not_o to_o make_v a_o traitor_n but_o to_o prosecute_v actual_a rebel_n and_o though_o this_o army_n be_v not_o levy_v to_o oppose_v immediate_o the_o king_n government_n yet_o even_o to_o raise_v a_o army_n within_o the_o kingdom_n though_o no_o design_n can_v be_v prove_v be_v treason_n for_o that_o be_v to_o usurp_v the_o king_n power_n but_o much_o more_o be_v this_o criminal_a when_o the_o levy_n be_v make_v upon_o the_o wicked_a design_n of_o oppose_v the_o execution_n of_o the_o king_n law_n to_o see_v which_o execute_v be_v the_o chief_a part_n of_o his_o kingly_a government_n and_o it_o be_v clear_a by_o the_o foresay_a 17_o act_n 6._o parl._n ja._n 2._o that_o it_o be_v treason_n to_o make_v war_n against_o the_o king_n liedge_n against_o his_o forbid_v and_o if_o any_o do_v the_o king_n be_v to_o gang_n upon_o they_o with_o assistance_n of_o the_o hall_n land_n and_o to_o punish_v they_o after_o the_o quality_n of_o their_o trespass_n viii_o the_o five_o point_n of_o treason_n be_v to_o assail_v castle_n or_o place_n where_o the_o king_n reside_v or_o be_v for_o the_o time_n ibid._n but_o this_o must_v be_v only_o understand_v to_o be_v treason_n if_o the_o assaulter_n know_v the_o king_n to_o be_v there_o or_o if_o he_o be_v not_o upon_o design_n to_o rescue_v he_o quo_fw-la casu_fw-la he_o must_v be_v warrant_v by_o the_o estate_n as_o say_v be_v ix_o the_o six_o point_n of_o treason_n be_v to_o raise_v a_o fray_n in_o the_o king_n host_n or_o army_n wilful_o ja._n 2._o parl._n 12._o act_n 54._o upon_o which_o act_n the_o mr._n of_o forbes_n be_v hang_v for_o raise_v sedition_n in_o the_o king_n host_n at_o jedburgh_n 14._o july_n 1537._o x._o the_o seven_o point_n of_o treason_n be_v to_o trouble_v any_o who_o kill_v a_o declare_a traitor_n which_o act_n extend_v only_o to_o the_o kin_n friend_n fortifier_n and_o maintainer_n of_o these_o who_o be_v kill_v as_o traitor_n because_o it_o be_v presumeable_a that_o when_o these_o who_o be_v so_o relate_v trouble_v the_o killer_n it_o be_v presumeable_a the_o trouble_n arise_v upon_o that_o account_n 2._o these_o relation_n be_v discharge_v to_o bear_v the_o killer_n any_o grudge_n or_o injure_v they_o by_o word_n or_o writ_n nota_fw-la it_o appear_v that_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o grudge_n need_v not_o be_v prove_v but_o be_v presume_v presumption_n juris_fw-la &_o de_fw-la jure_fw-la for_o here_o lex_fw-la praesumit_fw-la &_o disponit_fw-la super_fw-la praesumpto_fw-la xi_o the_o eight_o point_n of_o treason_n be_v to_o impugn_v the_o dignity_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o three_o estate_n or_o to_o seek_v and_o procure_v the_o innovation_n and_o diminution_n of_o their_o power_n or_o authority_n act_n 130_o parl._n 8._o ja._n 6._o but_o this_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o a_o direct_a impugn_v of_o their_o authority_n as_o if_o one_o contend_v that_o parliament_n be_v not_o necessary_a or_o that_o one_o of_o the_o three_o estate_n may_v be_v turn_v out_o xii_o the_o nine_o point_n of_o treason_n be_v to_o decline_v the_o king_n authority_n or_o the_o authority_n of_o his_o council_n in_o any_o case_n whether_o spiritual_a or_o temporal_a and_o the_o king_n council_n be_v declare_v to_o be_v judge_n competent_a to_o all_o cause_n whatsoever_o whether_o spiritual_a or_o temporal_a of_o what_o ever_o degree_n or_o function_n the_o defender_n who_o be_v summon_v shall_v be_v act_n 129._o parl._n 8._o k._n ja._n 6._o which_o act_n be_v make_v to_o repress_v the_o insolence_n of_o the_o ministry_n who_o about_o that_o time_n use_v constant_o to_o decline_v the_o king_n authority_n in_o ecclesiastic_a matter_n conform_v to_o which_o act_n mr._n andrew_n crightoun_n be_v sentence_v to_o be_v hang_v and_o demain_v as_o traitor_n septemb_n 1610._o and_o mr._n james_n guthrie_n be_v execute_v in_o anno_fw-la 1662._o for_o decline_v the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n jurisdiction_n at_o strivil_v when_o he_o be_v challenge_v for_o some_o word_n speak_v in_o the_o pulpit_n from_o this_o act_n it_o may_v be_v observe_v that_o the_o king_n be_v in_o his_o own_o person_n judge_v competent_a over_o all_o cause_n and_o all_o person_n even_o though_o the_o pursuit_n be_v at_o his_o own_o instance_n which_o will_v appear_v both_o from_o the_o rubric_n and_o statutory_a part_n of_o the_o act_n albeit_o regulariter_fw-la no_o man_n can_v be_v judge_n in_o his_o own_o cause_n xiii_o the_o ten_o point_n of_o treason_n be_v to_o conceal_v and_o not_o reveal_v treason_n but_o conceal_v in_o this_o case_n be_v not_o treason_n except_o the_o concealer_n can_v have_v prove_v it_o for_o else_o he_o have_v by_o reveal_v and_o not_o prove_v make_v himself_o guilty_a of_o treason_n this_o conceal_n of_o treason_n be_v by_o the_o english_a law_n call_v misprision_n of_o treason_n and_o be_v punish_v only_o
by_o imprisonment_n during_o life_n forfeit_v of_o good_n and_o of_o the_o profit_n of_o land_n during_o life_n for_o this_o crime_n the_o earl_n of_o morton_n be_v execute_v by_o king_n james_n 6._o for_o have_v conceal_v the_o design_v death_n of_o king_n henry_n his_o father_n and_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o conceal_v be_v treason_n where_o the_o king_n be_v not_o in_o a_o condition_n to_o repress_v or_o punish_v the_o treason_n that_o be_v intend_v for_o there_o the_o end_n of_o reveal_v seem_v to_o cease_v which_o be_v information_n in_o order_n to_o resistance_n it_o have_v be_v likewise_o doubt_v whether_o the_o not_o reveal_v treason_n be_v punishable_a where_o the_o treason_n be_v design_v by_o the_o prince_n or_o queen_n but_o since_o they_o be_v likewise_o subject_n and_o may_v commit_v treason_n therefore_o there_o can_v be_v no_o doubt_n but_o it_o be_v treason_n in_o any_o other_o to_o conceal_v their_o treasonable_a design_n fourteen_o the_o eleven_o point_n of_o treason_n be_v to_o flee_v from_o his_o majesty_n or_o his_o lieutenant_n which_o be_v not_o extend_v only_o to_o such_o as_o be_v swear_v to_o colour_n but_o even_o to_o such_o as_o be_v warn_v to_o and_o do_v attend_v the_o king_n host_n vid._n tit_n the_o jurisdiction_n over_o soldier_n xv._n the_o twelve_o point_n of_o treason_n be_v to_o deny_v his_o majesty_n have_v the_o only_a power_n of_o call_v and_o dissolve_v of_o parliament_n act_n 3.1_o parl._n ch._n 2._o xvi_o by_o the_o common_a law_n it_o be_v treason_n to_o kill_v any_o of_o the_o prince_n counsellor_n because_o they_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o prince_n own_o body_n l._n quisquis_fw-la c._n h._n t._n but_o with_o we_o the_o pursue_v or_o invade_v any_o of_o the_o session_n secret_a council_n or_o any_o of_o his_o majesty_n officer_n for_o do_v his_o majesty_n service_n be_v only_o punishable_a by_o death_n but_o not_o as_o treason_n act_n 4._o parl._n 16._o ja._n 6._o by_o officer_n here_o be_v mean_v only_a officer_n of_o state_n else_o it_o may_v be_v extend_v to_o messenger_n and_o i_o hear_v it_o resolve_v that_o this_o act_n extend_v not_o to_o such_o as_o invade_v the_o lyon_n and_o these_o word_n any_o of_o the_o session_n be_v not_o extend_v to_o advocat_n clerk_n macer_n or_o any_o else_o beside_o the_o lord_n as_o be_v clear_a by_o the_o narrative_a of_o the_o act._n but_o i_o think_v the_o quality_n adject_v that_o they_o be_v invade_v for_o do_v his_o majesty_n service_n may_v be_v prove_v by_o circumstance_n and_o presumption_n as_o if_o a_o pursuer_fw-mi who_o have_v lose_v a_o cause_n shall_v invade_v the_o next_o day_n a_o lord_n who_o have_v vote_v against_o he_o and_o the_o word_n this_o be_v verify_v and_o try_v import_v so_o much_o but_o the_o stat._n edward_n 3._o be_v much_o more_o clear_a make_v it_o treason_n to_o kill_v the_o officer_n therein_o mention_v only_o viz._n chancellor_n thesaurer_n chief_a justice_n of_o either_o bench_n or_o any_o judge_n of_o either_o bench_n sit_v in_o judgement_n only_o and_o from_o this_o statute_n of_o our_o neighbour_a nation_n we_o may_v argue_v that_o the_o kill_a none_o below_o a_o lord_n of_o session_n shall_v infer_v the_o punishment_n of_o this_o act._n the_o kill_v a_o member_n of_o parliament_n be_v not_o in_o england_n treason_n though_o the_o parliament_n be_v a_o high_a judicatory_a than_o any_o express_v in_o the_o act._n and_o cook_n tell_v we_o that_o they_o allow_v not_o argumentum_fw-la à _fw-la fortiori_fw-la to_o infer_v crime_n and_o with_o we_o the_o kill_a a_o member_n of_o parliament_n will_v not_o infer_v death_n by_o this_o act_n since_o they_o fall_v under_o no_o qualification_n therein_o specify_v in_o england_n kill_v officer_n fall_v only_o under_o the_o statute_n but_o with_o we_o invade_v or_o pursue_v they_o be_v death_n though_o it_o take_v no_o effect_n quaritur_fw-la if_o to_o invade_v they_o when_o they_o be_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n will_v fall_v under_o the_o statute_n since_o they_o be_v not_o under_o that_o character_n elsewhere_o or_o if_o he_o who_o invade_v they_o during_o their_o be_v suspend_v will_v fall_v under_o this_o act_n since_o during_o that_o time_n they_o retain_v the_o character_n and_o the_o exercise_n be_v only_o suspend_v and_o it_o be_v resolve_v by_o the_o doctor_n that_o a_o statute_n punish_v such_o as_o invade_v magistrate_n be_v only_o to_o be_v extend_v to_o such_o magistrate_n as_o be_v once_o admit_v but_o not_o to_o such_o as_o be_v only_o name_v or_o elect_v for_o such_o statute_n be_v extend_v in_o gratiosis_fw-la yet_o they_o be_v restrict_v in_o such_o odious_a point_n as_o their_o cabal_n case_z 148._o treasonable_a word_n vid._n t._n injury_n and_o libel_n xvii_o the_o three_o branch_n of_o the_o division_n be_v statutory_a treason_n which_o comprehend_v under_o it_o several_a other_o point_n of_o treason_n which_o because_o they_o relate_v to_o other_o crime_n therefore_o i_o shall_v also_o refer_v the_o reader_n to_o these_o title_n wherein_o these_o crime_n be_v principal_o treat_v of_o but_o it_o will_v appear_v by_o these_o act_n that_o these_o crime_n be_v not_o declare_v to_o be_v treason_n but_o only_o to_o be_v punishable_a as_o treason_n and_o therefore_o these_o statutory_a treason_n have_v not_o at_o all_o the_o other_o privilege_n competent_a to_o treason_n as_o that_o they_o may_v be_v prove_v by_o woman_n &_o alios_fw-la testes_fw-la inhabiles_fw-la or_o that_o he_o who_o accuse_v in_o these_o will_v commit_v treason_n if_o he_o prove_v not_o his_o accusation_n thus_o wilful_a fire_n raise_v be_v treason_n ja._n 5._o parl._n 3._o cap._n ultimo_fw-la theft_n in_o landed-man_n be_v treason_n ja._n 6._o parl._n 11._o cap._n 50._o vid._n tit_n theft_n murder_n under_o trust_n be_v treason_n ja._n 6._o parl._n 11._o cap._n 51._o vid._n tit_n murder_n sayer_n of_o mass_n jesuit_n traffic_v papist_n and_o their_o resetter_n commit_v treason_n ja._n 6._o parl._n 12._o cap._n 120._o vid._n tit_n heresy_n to_o buy_v or_o bring_v home_o poison_n be_v treason_n ja._n 2._o parl._n 7._o c._n 31._o vid._n poison_n thief_n who_o take_v leill_n man_n upon_o bond_n to_o re-enter_v they_o commit_v treason_n ja._n 6._o parl._n 1._o cap._n 21._o but_o though_o this_o act_n speak_v general_o of_o the_o take_n of_o any_o scottish-man_n yet_o it_o may_v clear_o appear_v by_o the_o narrative_a and_o the_o whole_a strain_n of_o the_o act_n that_o the_o same_o strike_v only_o against_o such_o thief_n as_o keep_v correspondence_n with_o the_o english_a and_o take_v scottish-man_n prisoner_n into_o england_n but_o custom_n have_v interpret_v this_o otherwise_o for_o duncan_n macgrigor_n be_v 15._o july_n 1643._o convict_v and_o hang_v as_o a_o traitor_n for_o art_n and_o part_n of_o take_v james_n anderson_n and_o john_n mackie_n and_o the_o take_n of_o captain_n cairn_n find_v relevant_a as_o a_o article_n of_o treason_n against_o assint_fw-la to_o usurp_v any_o prelate_n place_n after_o his_o decease_n be_v likewise_o treason_n ja._n 5._o parl._n 7._o cap._n 125._o xviii_o this_o crime_n have_v in_o it_o many_o specialty_n wherein_o it_o differ_v from_o other_o crime_n as_o first_o he_o who_o accuse_v any_o man_n for_o treason_n do_v incur_v the_o pain_n of_o treason_n if_o the_o defender_n be_v acquit_v which_o be_v occasion_v as_o the_o act_n bear_v because_o of_o the_o odiousness_n of_o treason_n but_o since_o the_o the_o act_n say_v express_o that_o this_o shall_v take_v place_n where_o the_o party_n calumniat_fw-la be_v call_v accuse_v and_o quit_v of_o the_o crime_n of_o treason_n therefore_o it_o may_v be_v infer_v that_o though_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi raise_v summons_n of_o treason_n and_o shall_v pass_v from_o the_o same_o before_o the_o panel_n go_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n that_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la though_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi might_n be_v punish_v poena_fw-la extraordinaria_fw-la yet_o he_o can_v not_o be_v punish_v as_o a_o traitor_n it_o may_v be_v likewise_o doubt_v if_o this_o hold_v in_o statutory_a treason_n as_o theft_n in_o land_a man_n etc._n etc._n and_o since_o the_o reason_n inductive_a of_o that_o act_n be_v the_o odiousness_n of_o treason_n it_o will_v appear_v that_o this_o rigid_a law_n shall_v not_o take_v place_n in_o these_o point_n of_o treason_n which_o be_v not_o so_o odious_a of_o their_o own_o nature_n another_o speciality_n in_o treason_n be_v that_o it_o can_v only_o be_v try_v by_o the_o justice_n reg._n maj._n lib._n 1._o e._n 1._o v._n 1._o and_o that_o because_o of_o the_o king_n immediate_a interest_n since_o it_o be_v not_o presumable_a that_o the_o fiscal_n in_o inferior_a court_n will_v be_v as_o careful_a as_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n who_o can_v appear_v there_o and_o because_o of_o the_o intricacy_n and_o great_a consequence_n of_o that_o crime_n but_o it_o may_v be_v
reus_fw-la est_fw-la in_o eadem_fw-la conditione_n sed_fw-la qui_fw-la perduellionis_fw-la reus_fw-la est_fw-la hostili_fw-la animo_fw-la adversus_fw-la rem_fw-la publicam_fw-la vel_fw-la principem_fw-la animatus_fw-la so_o that_o the_o infallible_a mark_n of_o perduellion_n be_v hostilis_fw-la animus_n a_o design_n of_o raise_v arms._n and_o therefore_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o not_o only_o statutory_a treason_n be_v extinguish_v by_o death_n but_o that_o even_o simple_a conceal_n and_o not_o reveal_v or_o a_o malicious_a design_n to_o poison_v the_o king_n and_o such_o other_o treason_n as_o show_v not_o a_o desire_n of_o rise_v in_o arm_n be_v likewise_o extinguish_v by_o death_n and_o yet_o the_o basil._n l._n 12._o h._n t._n say_v that_o all_o the_o head_n of_o treason_n be_v extinguish_v by_o death_n excepto_fw-la capite_fw-la proditionis_fw-la &_o insidiarum_fw-la contra_fw-la principem_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d albeit_o the_o bone_n of_o the_o defunct_a traitor_n be_v ordinary_o take_v up_o and_o bring_v to_o the_o panel_n in_o pursuit_n of_o this_o nature_n as_o be_v do_v in_o the_o forefaultur_n of_o the_o laird_n of_o restalrig_n yet_o this_o be_v not_o necessary_a but_o it_o be_v necessary_a in_o pursuit_n of_o this_o nature_n that_o the_o defunct_n near_o of_o kin_n be_v call_v as_o defender_n for_o their_o interest_n both_o because_o their_o estate_n be_v to_o be_v take_v from_o they_o by_o their_o forefaultur_n and_o to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v defend_v the_o defunct_a and_o object_n both_o against_o the_o relevancy_n of_o the_o libel_n and_o the_o hability_n of_o the_o witness_n and_o therefore_o the_o basilick_n add_v very_o well_o that_o haereditas_fw-la publicatur_fw-la nisi_fw-la crimen_fw-la ab_fw-la haeredibus_fw-la purgetur_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o since_o the_o forefault_a after_o death_n be_v found_v upon_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o that_o the_o former_a act_n bear_v express_o that_o these_o pursuit_n may_v be_v intend_v conform_v to_o the_o common_a law_n if_o these_o pursuit_n shall_v not_o prescrive_v with_o we_o in_o five_o year_n as_o they_o do_v by_o the_o common_a law_n and_o it_o will_v appear_v they_o shall_v since_o these_o pursuit_n be_v intent_a conform_v to_o the_o common_a law_n and_o quem_fw-la sequitur_fw-la commodum_fw-la eum_fw-la dâ—bet_fw-la sequi_fw-la incommodum_fw-la the_o six_o privilege_n of_o treason_n be_v that_o the_o king_n advocate_n be_v to_o be_v the_o last_o speaker_n to_o the_o assize_n in_o perduellion_n though_o in_o other_o case_n the_o pannel_n advocat_n be_v to_o be_v last_o speaker_n and_o the_o last_o speaker_n have_v much_o advantage_n for_o he_o may_v answer_v all_o be_v allege_v by_o the_o opponent_n art_n 11._o regulation_n 1670._o xxiii_o the_o last_o privilege_n of_o treason_n be_v that_o albeit_o of_o old_a no_o person_n can_v be_v condemn_v in_o absence_n by_o the_o justice_n yet_o the_o parliament_n still_o can_v have_v proceed_v against_o traitor_n in_o absence_n and_o now_o by_o a_o late_a act_n of_o parliament_n it_o be_v find_v that_o in_o the_o case_n of_o perduellion_n and_o of_o treasonable_a rise_n in_o arm_n against_o the_o king_n authority_n the_o justice_n may_v proceed_v to_o the_o receive_n of_o probation_n and_o pronounce_v of_o sentence_n even_o in_o absence_n of_o the_o party_n which_o be_v first_o propound_v as_o a_o querie_n to_o the_o council_n they_o remit_v the_o same_o to_o the_o session_n to_o who_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n give_v in_o the_o follow_a reason_n and_o query_n upon_o the_o 15._o august_n 1667._o whether_o or_o not_o a_o person_n guilty_a of_o high_a treason_n may_v be_v pursue_v before_o the_o justice_n albeit_o they_o be_v absent_a and_o contumacious_a so_o that_o the_o justice_n upon_o citation_n and_o sufficient_a probation_n and_o evidence_n may_v pronounce_v sentence_n and_o doom_n of_o forefaultur_n if_o the_o ditty_n be_v prove_v the_o reason_n of_o scruple_n be_v that_o process_n of_o forefaultur_n be_v not_o so_o frequent_a and_o that_o in_o other_o ordinary_a crime_n the_o defender_n if_o they_o do_v not_o appear_v be_v declare_v fugitive_n and_o that_o the_o follow_a reason_n appear_v to_o be_v strong_a and_o relevant_a for_o the_o affirmative_a 1._o by_o the_o common_a law_n albeit_o a_o party_n absent_a can_v be_v condemn_v for_o a_o crime_n yet_o in_o treason_n which_o be_v crimen_fw-la exceptum_fw-la this_o be_v a_o speciality_n that_o absent_v may_v be_v proceed_v against_o and_o sentence_v 2._o by_o the_o first_o act_n of_o king_n james_n the_o 5_o his_o 6._o parliament_n it_o be_v declare_v that_o the_o king_n have_v good_a cause_n and_o action_n to_o pursue_v all_o summons_n of_o treason_n commit_v against_o his_o person_n and_o commonwealth_n conform_v to_o the_o common_a law_n and_o good_a equity_n and_o reason_n notwithstanding_o there_o be_v no_o special_a law_n act_n or_o provision_n make_v thereupon_o and_o therefore_o see_v by_o the_o common_a law_n person_n guilty_a of_o laese_n majesty_n may_v be_v proceed_v against_o and_o sentence_v though_o they_o be_v absent_a it_o appear_v that_o there_o be_v the_o same_o reason_n why_o the_o justice_n shall_v proceed_v against_o and_o sentence_n person_n guilty_a of_o treason_n though_o absent_a and_o that_o he_o be_v sufficient_o warrant_v by_o the_o say_a act_n so_o to_o do_v 3._o it_o be_v inconsistent_a with_o law_n equity_n and_o reason_n that_o a_o person_n guilty_a of_o treason_n shall_v be_v in_o a_o better_a case_n and_o his_o majesty_n in_o a_o worse_o by_o the_o contumacy_n of_o a_o traitor_n the_o same_o be_v a_o addition_n if_o any_o can_v be_v add_v to_o so_o high_a a_o crime_n and_o that_o he_o shall_v have_v impunity_n and_o his_o majesty_n prejudge_v of_o the_o casuality_n arise_v to_o he_o by_o his_o forefaultur_n 4._o the_o parliament_n be_v in_o use_n to_o proceed_v and_o pronounce_v doom_n of_o forefaultur_n though_o the_o party_n be_v absent_a and_o in_o so_o do_v they_o do_v not_o proceed_v in_o and_o by_o a_o legislative_a power_n but_o as_o the_o supreme_a judge_n and_o the_o parliament_n be_v the_o fountain_n of_o justice_n what_o be_v just_a before_o they_o be_v just_a and_o warrantable_a before_o other_o judicatories_n in_o the_o like_a case_n 5._o by_o the_o abovementioned_a act_n of_o parliament_n it_o be_v statute_n that_o summon_v and_o process_n of_o treason_n may_v be_v intent_a and_o pursue_v after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o delinquent_n either_o his_o memory_n or_o estate_n delate_v the_o one_o and_o forefault_v the_o other_o whereupon_o sentence_n may_v follow_v to_o the_o effect_n foresay_a and_o therefore_o see_v sentence_n may_v follow_v when_o the_o delinquent_n can_v be_v present_a and_o be_v not_o in_o be_v it_o be_v against_o all_o reason_n that_o when_o they_o be_v wilful_o and_o contumacious_o absent_a they_o shall_v not_o be_v proceed_v against_o and_o sentence_v if_o they_o be_v guilty_a and_o it_o be_v unjust_a that_o his_o majesty_n shall_v call_v a_o parliament_n for_o punish_v and_o forefault_v of_o person_n be_v absent_a or_o that_o he_o shall_v wait_v till_o they_o die_v especial_o see_v in_o the_o interim_n the_o probation_n may_v perish_v by_o decease_n of_o the_o witness_n follow_v the_o lord_n of_o session_n their_o opinion_n edinburgh_n the_o 26._o of_o february_n 1667._o the_o lord_n of_o council_n and_o session_n have_v consider_v the_o query_n above-written_a present_v to_o they_o by_o the_o lord_n bellenden_n his_o majesty_n thesaurer_n depute_v it_o be_v their_o opinion_n that_o upon_o the_o justice_n citation_n and_o sufficient_a probation_n take_v before_o they_o the_o judge_n and_o assize_n may_v proceed_v and_o pronounce_v sentence_n thereintil_o and_o forefaulter_v against_o the_o person_n guilty_a of_o high_a treason_n though_o they_o be_v absent_a and_o contumacious_a sic_fw-la subscribitur_fw-la io._n gilmore_n i._n p._n d._n upon_o this_o the_o parliament_n ratify_v the_o process_n lead_v against_o these_o person_n and_o by_o the_o 11._o act_n parl._n 2._o ch._n 2._o ses._n 1._o it_o be_v statute_v that_o rise_v in_o arm_n against_o the_o king_n authority_n may_v be_v pursue_v before_o and_o judge_v by_o the_o justice_n but_o the_o parliament_n retain_v still_o a_o power_n cumulative_a with_o the_o justice_n and_o when_o process_n of_o treason_n be_v intent_a before_o they_o they_o may_v proceed_v as_o former_o and_o think_v this_o last_o act_n a_o great_a innovation_n of_o all_o our_o law_n nor_o be_v it_o imaginable_a but_o that_o if_o it_o have_v be_v safe_a that_o that_o privilege_n will_v have_v be_v grant_v to_o his_o majesty_n former_o and_o that_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v clear_a per_fw-la l._n 1._o &_o l._n penult_n ff_n de_fw-fr requirendis_fw-la eris_fw-la nam_fw-la annotabantur_fw-la bona_fw-la &_o si_fw-la reus_fw-la post_fw-la anum_fw-la non_fw-la comparuerit_fw-la &_o satis_fw-la dederit_fw-la de_fw-la stando_fw-la non_fw-la recuperabit_fw-la
bona_fw-la non_fw-la tamen_fw-la de_fw-fr delicto_fw-la habetur_fw-la pro_fw-la confesso_fw-la divi_z fratres_fw-la rescripserunt_fw-la l._n 1._o ne_fw-la quis_fw-la absens_fw-la puniatur_fw-la &_o hoc_fw-la jure_fw-la utimur_fw-la ne_fw-la absens_fw-la damnetur_fw-la and_o that_o no_o probation_n can_v be_v receive_v against_o absent_v in_o treason_n be_v clear_a by_o matheus_n hoc_fw-la do_fw-mi and_o albeit_o per_fw-mi extrav_fw-mi constitutionem_fw-la hen._n 7._o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o probation_n may_v be_v receive_v in_o absence_n yet_o this_o be_v repute_v no_o part_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o be_v follow_v by_o no_o nation_n and_o by_o that_o extravagant_a constitution_n this_o privilege_n be_v allow_v to_o all_o species_n of_o treason_n which_o we_o find_v to_o be_v unjust_a and_o albeit_o treason_n may_v be_v in_o some_o case_n punish_v after_o death_n yet_o it_o can_v be_v from_o that_o infer_v that_o it_o may_v be_v punish_v in_o absence_n since_o after_o death_n the_o malice_n of_o unjust_a pursuer_n ordinary_o cease_v and_o the_o hazard_n of_o death_n be_v then_o over_o so_o that_o the_o event_n of_o the_o pursuit_n be_v not_o so_o terrible_a nor_o dangerous_a and_o in_o these_o process_n the_o near_a of_o kin_n be_v call_v who_o may_v propound_v against_o both_o relevancy_n and_o probation_n whatever_o be_v competent_a to_o the_o defunct_a whereas_o when_o a_o person_n be_v pursue_v in_o absence_n for_o treason_n no_o man_n can_v in_o our_o law_n be_v admit_v to_o propound_v any_o thing_n in_o his_o defence_n and_o albeit_o it_o seem_v unreasonable_a that_o a_o person_n guilty_a of_o treason_n shall_v be_v in_o a_o better_a condition_n by_o his_o contumacy_n then_o if_o he_o compear_v to_o this_o it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o this_o will_v prove_v too_o much_o for_o this_o absurdity_n may_v be_v as_o well_o press_v in_o absent_v for_o all_o other_o crime_n and_o against_o such_o as_o be_v absent_v in_o all_o the_o several_a inditement_n of_o treason_n and_o yet_o the_o justice_n be_v never_o allow_v even_o by_o the_o late_a act_n to_o proceed_v to_o sentence_n against_o any_o but_o such_o as_o be_v pursue_v for_o rise_v in_o arm_n against_o the_o king_n but_o the_o true_a answer_n to_o this_o seem_a absurdity_n be_v that_o the_o law_n be_v not_o so_o inhuman_a as_o to_o punish_v equal_o presume_v and_o real_a guilt_n what_o may_v be_v a_o crime_n as_o what_o be_v find_v one_o and_o it_o have_v be_v oft_o find_v that_o man_n have_v be_v absent_a rather_o out_o of_o fear_n of_o a_o prevail_a faction_n or_o corrupt_a witness_n or_o by_o inadvertence_n or_o not_o be_v true_o cite_v or_o by_o be_v violent_o detain_v then_o out_o of_o a_o consciousness_n of_o guilt_n yet_o since_o so_o judicious_a a_o person_n propose_v this_o overture_n and_o since_o council_n session_n and_o parliament_n have_v fortify_v it_o by_o their_o authority_n i_o submit_v my_o judgement_n to_o their_o determination_n xxiv_o it_o be_v ordinary_a for_o his_o majesty_n to_o command_v or_o forbid_v by_o private_a warrant_n under_o all_o high_a pain_n or_o as_o you_o shall_v be_v answerable_a to_o we_o and_o the_o certification_n here_o be_v indefinite_a it_o may_v be_v doubt_v what_o the_o punishment_n may_v be_v in_o case_n of_o contravention_n and_o 1._o it_o will_v appear_v that_o the_o contraveener_n can_v be_v punish_v as_o guilty_a of_o treason_n for_o only_a law_n can_v make_v traitor_n in_o this_o kingdom_n 2._o it_o seem_v that_o this_o be_v a_o contempt_n of_o the_o chief_a and_o supreme_a magistrate_n it_o may_v be_v punish_v arbitrary_o if_o the_o command_n be_v lawful_a and_o in_o case_n of_o importance_n since_o even_o inferior_a judge_n may_v punish_v such_o as_o contemn_v or_o disobey_v they_o in_o what_o be_v necessary_a for_o their_o jurisdiction_n likeas_n lawyer_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o in_o obediens_fw-la praecepto_fw-la superioris_fw-la sub_fw-la paena_fw-la indignationis_fw-la est_fw-la arbitrarie_a puniendus_fw-la cabal_n casu_fw-la 30._o bald._n in_o l._n legis_fw-la virtus_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr legib_n menoch_n case_z 365._o but_o in_o that_o case_n they_o determine_v that_o the_o arbitrary_a punishment_n can_v extend_v to_o death_n and_o though_o some_o doctor_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o commission_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v in_o this_o case_n more_o severe_o than_o omission_n yet_o i_o conceive_v some_o omission_n may_v infer_v great_a contempt_n and_o be_v more_o dangerous_a than_o commission_n nor_o allow_v i_o the_o distinction_n use_v by_o lucas_n de_fw-fr penna_fw-la ad_fw-la l._n 1._o c._n ut_fw-la dignit_fw-la ord_n servet_fw-la who_o say_v that_o if_o the_o contempt_n be_v of_o dangerous_a consequence_n as_o if_o one_o be_v command_v to_o take_v care_n of_o a_o castle_n or_o to_o stop_v the_o passage_n of_o a_o enemy_n that_o then_o the_o contempt_n be_v to_o be_v severe_o punish_v by_o death_n but_o if_o the_o contempt_n be_v of_o thing_n indifferent_a or_o mean_v than_o the_o contempt_n be_v only_o punishable_a arbitrary_o and_o yet_o he_o be_v too_o severe_a in_o make_v it_o to_o be_v punishable_a by_o death_n except_o the_o person_n command_v be_v a_o soldier_n or_o one_o who_o be_v oblige_v by_o acceptation_n of_o his_o office_n to_o obey_v under_o that_o peril_n and_o therefore_o i_o will_v rather_o distinguish_v betwixt_o such_o command_n as_o use_v to_o be_v punish_v by_o death_n if_o contemn_v such_o as_o military_a command_n and_o in_o these_o the_o contempt_n may_v be_v punish_v by_o death_n for_o custom_n come_v in_o place_n of_o law_n &_o sibi_fw-la imputet_fw-la who_o have_v undertake_v such_o a_o employment_n as_o require_v such_o obedience_n but_o if_o the_o king_n shall_v command_v any_o country_n gentleman_n or_o lawyer_n to_o fortify_v or_o keep_v a_o castle_n under_o all_o high_a pain_n it_o be_v probable_a that_o their_o omission_n can_v not_o be_v punish_v by_o death_n and_o be_v only_o punishable_a by_o lose_v of_o the_o prince_n favour_n &_o quod_fw-la princeps_fw-la non_fw-la exhibebit_fw-la se_fw-la gratiosum_fw-la which_o bartol_n make_v the_o punishment_n of_o that_o disobedience_n in_o all_o case_n ad_fw-la extrav_fw-mi qui_fw-la sunt_fw-la rebel_n xxv_o the_o punishment_n of_o laese_n majesty_n be_v death_n l._n 5._o c._n h._n t._n animae_fw-la omissio_fw-la as_o justinian_n call_v it_o in_o his_o institution_n together_o with_o the_o confiscation_n of_o all_o his_o estate_n that_o lie_v within_o the_o territory_n of_o he_o against_o who_o the_o treason_n be_v commit_v but_o be_v not_o extend_v to_o his_o estate_n lie_v elsewhere_o c._n 2._o the_o constil_n in_o 6._o so_o that_o if_o a_o man_n commit_v treason_n against_o the_o king_n of_o britain_n his_o estate_n in_o france_n do_v not_o forfeit_a with_o we_o the_o punishment_n of_o treason_n be_v death_n and_o confiscation_n likewise_o of_o all_o the_o traitor_n estate_n whether_o heritable_a or_o movable_a feudal_n or_o allodial_a and_o the_o solemnity_n use_v in_o parliament_n at_o the_o pronounce_v of_o such_o sentence_n be_v that_o the_o panel_n receive_v his_o sentence_n kneel_v and_o that_o after_o the_o doom_n of_o the_o forefaulter_n be_v pronounce_v against_o he_o the_o lion_n and_o his_o brethren_n herald_n come_v in_o in_o their_o formality_n and_o tear_v his_o coat_n of_o arm_n at_o the_o throne_n and_o thereafter_o hang_v up_o his_o escurchion_n reverse_v upon_o the_o cross_n which_o have_v its_o rise_n from_o the_o old_a roman_a custom_n for_o as_o tacit_fw-la observe_v lib._n 5._o deterrere_fw-la omnes_fw-la à _fw-la simili_fw-la culpa_fw-la volebant_fw-la non_fw-la poenae_fw-la modo_fw-la sed_fw-la ignominiae_fw-la mâ—tu_fw-la ut_fw-la nomen_fw-la è_fw-la fastis_fw-la deleretur_fw-la &_o effigy_n tolleretur_fw-la which_o be_v likewise_o clear_a l._n 24._o ff_n de_fw-fr poenis_fw-la and_o that_o this_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o flanders_n be_v clear_a by_o perez_n h._n t._n moribus_fw-la nostris_fw-la insignia_fw-la gentilia_fw-la delentur_fw-la &_o destruuntur_fw-la but_o this_o i_o think_v shall_v only_o hold_v in_o the_o crime_n of_o perduellion_n but_o not_o in_o other_o treason_n perez_n ibid._n num_fw-la 19_o another_o speciality_n introduce_v in_o the_o punishment_n of_o perduellion_n by_o the_o common_a law_n be_v that_o memoria_fw-la damnabatur_fw-la and_o that_o his_o child_n be_v declare_v uncapable_a to_o bruik_v any_o estate_n or_o office_n which_o the_o emperor_n arcadius_n and_o honorius_n l._n 5._o c._n ad_fw-la l._n jul._n maj._n call_v a_o mitigation_n of_o the_o punishment_n due_a to_o child_n who_o as_o they_o say_v shall_v have_v die_v for_o their_o father_n crime_n but_o this_o be_v so_o unjust_a that_o no_o nation_n do_v now_o use_v it_o as_o matheus_n observe_v p._n 352._o and_o it_o be_v express_o against_o l._n crimen_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr poenis_fw-la and_o the_o scripture_n deut._n chap._n 24._o vers._n 16._o and_o the_o opinion_n of_o plato_n lib._n 9_o de_fw-la legibus_fw-la and_o therefore_o amazias_n 2_o king_n 14.5_o 6._o will_v not_o kill_v such_o
the_o king_n will_n from_o which_o act_n it_o be_v likewise_o to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o command_n of_o the_o magistrate_n do_v in_o thing_n belong_v to_o his_o office_n excuse_v the_o liedge_n and_o therefore_o it_o may_v be_v assert_v that_o the_o liedge_n rise_v in_o obedience_n to_o command_n of_o the_o sheriff_n or_o lord_n of_o regality_n be_v not_o punishable_a except_o it_o be_v clear_o palpable_a to_o they_o that_o their_o insurrection_n be_v in_o contempt_n of_o his_o majesty_n authority_n which_o appear_v to_o be_v the_o meaning_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a l._n si_fw-la quis_fw-la contra_fw-la evidentissimam_fw-la jussionem_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o see_v the_o liedge_n be_v oblige_v to_o obey_v their_o magistrate_n and_o to_o rise_v when_o he_o call_v they_o as_o be_v evident_a by_o many_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o without_o this_o allowance_n his_o majesty_n can_v not_o be_v serve_v it_o be_v hard_a to_o punish_v they_o for_o that_o obedience_n which_o will_v be_v punishable_a if_o they_o refuse_v it_o iii_o the_o convocate_a the_o liedge_n in_o band_n of_o man_n of_o war_n for_o daily_o or_o monthly_a wage_n without_o special_a licence_n be_v declare_v likewise_o to_o be_v punishable_a by_o death_n by_o the_o 75._o act_n 9_o parl._n q._n m._n which_o act_n be_v ratify_v by_o the_o 12._o act_n 10._o parl._n k._n ja._n 6._o and_o the_o make_n of_o all_o league_n and_o band_n among_o the_o liedge_n without_o his_o majesty_n consent_n be_v discharge_v and_o the_o contraveener_n be_v declare_v to_o be_v punishable_a as_o mover_n of_o sedition_n and_o unquietness_n to_o the_o trouble_n of_o the_o public_a peace_n of_o the_o realm_n therefore_o to_o be_v punish_v with_o all_o rigour_n to_o the_o example_n of_o other_o both_o which_o act_n be_v ratify_v by_o the_o 4._o act_n 1._o ses._n charl._n 2._o and_o yet_o it_o may_v be_v contend_v that_o such_o sedition_n as_o these_o be_v punishable_a as_o treason_n since_o the_o make_n of_o bond_n and_o league_n among_o the_o liedge_n be_v declare_v by_o the_o foresay_a 4._o act_n to_o be_v one_o of_o his_o majesty_n royal_a prerogative_n and_o sure_o it_o be_v treason_n for_o any_o of_o his_o majesty_n liedge_n to_o usurp_v his_o royal_a prerogative_n but_o sure_o it_o be_v that_o to_o convocat_n the_o liedge_n simple_o without_o bond_n or_o league_n can_v no_o way_n be_v account_v treason_n much_o less_o the_o be_v present_a as_o such_o convocation_n though_o in_o arm_n and_o thus_o it_o be_v find_v in_o the_o case_n of_o a_o baxter_n who_o be_v pursue_v as_o guilty_a of_o the_o convocation_n raise_v against_o the_o customer_n in_o anno_fw-la 1665._o that_o naked_a assistance_n at_o such_o meeting_n per_fw-mi se_fw-mi be_v not_o relevant_a to_o infer_v death_n but_o only_o a_o arbitrary_a punishment_n as_o be_v clear_a by_o the_o 5._o act_n 1._o parl._n ja._n 1._o whereby_o all_o man_n be_v forbid_v to_o travel_v with_o more_o not_o they_o can_v sustain_v and_o if_o they_o do_v they_o may_v be_v put_v under_o sick_a burrows_n till_o the_o king_n declare_v his_o will_n and_o by_o the_o 85._o act_n 6._o parl._n i._n 1._o elect_v of_o deacon_n be_v discharge_v as_o sedition_n convocation_n be_v allow_v in_o some_o case_n as_o for_o pursue_v of_o thief_n and_o sorner_n as_o ja._n 6._o parl._n 14._o cap._n 247._o this_o crime_n of_o simple_a convocation_n be_v ordinary_o pursue_v before_o the_o council_n and_o be_v seldom_o punish_v either_o by_o the_o council_n or_o justice_n court_n tanquum_fw-la crimen_fw-la per_fw-la se_fw-la but_o as_o the_o agradge_v quality_n of_o a_o riot_n or_o other_o crime_n title_n viii_o poison_n 1._o the_o punishment_n of_o poison_n by_o our_o law_n 2._o how_o far_o the_o give_v good_a drug_n irregular_o be_v punishable_a 3._o whether_o the_o poison_a jew_n or_o excommunicate_a person_n be_v punishable_a 4._o whether_o the_o poison_a beast_n or_o field_n be_v punishable_a by_o this_o statute_n 5._o whether_o endeavour_n to_o poison_n be_v punishable_a 6._o the_o aggravation_n of_o this_o crime_n 1._o poison_n be_v by_o our_o law_n declare_v to_o be_v punishable_a as_o the_o crime_n of_o treason_n but_o it_o be_v not_o declare_v treason_n act_n 31.7_o parl._n ja._n 2._o by_o which_o all_o person_n be_v discharge_v to_o bring_v home_o poison_n for_o any_o use_n by_o which_o any_o christian_a man_n or_o woman_n may_v take_v bodily_a harm_n and_o that_o under_o the_o pain_n of_o treason_n and_o that_o be_v convict_v they_o shall_v forefault_v to_o the_o king_n life_n land_n and_o good_n but_o notwithstanding_o of_o these_o word_n for_o any_o manner_n or_o use_n apothecary_n and_o other_o do_v daily_o bring_v home_o poison_n but_o to_o this_o it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o they_o bring_v the_o same_o home_n not_o as_o poison_n but_o as_o drug_n and_o the_o law_n presume_v that_o the_o liedge_n be_v in_o no_o hazard_n of_o that_o poison_n which_o be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o skilful_a man_n this_o be_v likewise_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o doctor_n gothofr_v prax_fw-la criminal_a §_o venenum_fw-la but_o notwithstanding_o that_o the_o buy_n or_o give_v of_o poison_n be_v declare_v treason_n by_o the_o law_n yet_o i_o find_v no_o instance_n in_o the_o journal_n book_n where_o any_o have_v be_v convict_v as_o traitor_n upon_o this_o account_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a john_n dick_n for_o poison_v his_o brother_n and_o sister_n be_v only_o ordain_v to_o be_v execute_v but_o be_v not_o forefault_n ult_n march_n 1649._o if_o any_o stranger_n bring_v home_o poison_n any_o manner_n of_o way_n it_o be_v provide_v by_o the_o 32._o act_n of_o that_o parliament_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v punish_v the_o same_o manner_n of_o way_n and_o that_o no_o remission_n or_o safe_a conduct_n shall_v be_v profitable_a to_o they_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o severity_n proceed_v from_o the_o abominableness_n of_o that_o crime_n plus_fw-la est_fw-la enim_fw-la hominem_fw-la veneno_fw-la necare_fw-la quam_fw-la gladio_fw-la dicit_fw-la gloss_n in_fw-ge §_o ead_n lâ—ge_a just_a de_fw-fr publicis_fw-la judicibus_fw-la per_fw-la textum_fw-la l._n 1._o de_fw-fr mal_fw-fr &_o math._n for_o he_o to_o who_o poison_n be_v give_v can_v defend_v himself_o and_o poison_n be_v a_o way_n of_o death_n so_o much_o hate_v that_o though_o the_o law_n have_v allow_v execution_n by_o the_o sword_n yet_o it_o have_v never_o allow_v any_o execution_n by_o poison_n those_o who_o give_v poison_n be_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n call_v venenarii_fw-la and_o they_o be_v only_o punish_v capital_o per_fw-la l._n corneliam_n de_fw-fr sicariis_fw-la l._n 1._o §_o 1._o adl_v cornel._n de_fw-fr sic_fw-la and_o it_o may_v be_v prove_v by_o presumption_n clarus_n quest._n 4._o vers_fw-la fin_fw-fr but_o the_o body_n must_v in_o this_o case_n be_v sight_v by_o physician_n and_o the_o poisonous_a quality_n must_v be_v prove_v the_o buy_n of_o poison_n though_o with_o a_o design_n to_o kill_v thereby_o if_o murder_n do_v not_o actual_o ensue_v be_v not_o think_v capital_a by_o the_o doctor_n but_o only_o punishable_a paena_fw-la extraordinaria_fw-la gothofred_n prax_fw-la criminal_a §_o venenum_fw-la num_fw-la 21._o yet_o with_o we_o the_o very_a buy_n be_v by_o this_o act_n of_o parliament_n capital_a ii_o whether_o to_o give_v drug_n that_o be_v not_o of_o their_o own_o nature_n poisonable_a too_o frequent_o and_o contrary_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o disease_n be_v punishable_a by_o this_o law_n or_o as_o murder_v or_o be_v punishable_a at_o all_o be_v debate_v in_o kennedy_n case_n the_o 8._o of_o february_n 1676._o and_o that_o it_o be_v punishable_a be_v contend_v because_o venenum_fw-la or_o pharmacon_n be_v in_o law_n nomen_fw-la generis_fw-la and_o express_v good_a drug_n as_o well_o as_o ill_o l._n venenum_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr verb._n sig_n and_o the_o best_a of_o drug_n give_v in_o great_a excess_n be_v poison_n for_o poison_n consist_v in_o excess_n of_o quantity_n as_o well_o as_o quality_n and_o whatever_o overpower_n our_o nature_n be_v poisonable_a to_o we_o and_o since_o the_o one_o may_v kill_v as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o and_o that_o kill_v be_v that_o which_o be_v punish_v the_o law_n shall_v punish_v the_o one_o as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o and_o whatever_o may_v be_v say_v where_o the_o design_n be_v not_o know_v yet_o here_o the_o design_n of_o kill_v be_v communicate_v to_o kennedie_n and_o it_o be_v prove_v that_o he_o refuse_v to_o give_v mere_a poison_n leave_v the_o external_a mark_n after_o death_n shall_v discover_v that_o poison_n be_v give_v but_o that_o it_o be_v safe_a to_o give_v constant_a purgation_n to_o be_v throw_v in_o by_o his_o servant_n in_o his_o drink_n upon_o all_o occasion_n and_o that_o without_o his_o knowledge_n and_o contrary_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o his_o disease_n he_o have_v a_o flux_n all_o which_o circumstance_n show_v a_o design_n to_o kill_v
punishable_a by_o death_n cap._n 8._o parl._n 3_o i._o 5._o ii_o but_o since_o design_n and_o dolus_fw-la be_v act_n of_o the_o mind_n therefore_o they_o be_v infer_v from_o presumption_n and_o what_o presumption_n be_v necessary_a in_o this_o case_n be_v very_o well_o relate_v by_o far._n quest_n 110._o cap._n 2._o and_o john_n meldrum_n be_v execute_v upon_o presumption_n 2_o aug._n 1633._o where_o he_o be_v pursue_v for_o burn_v the_o house_n of_o frendrick_n the_o only_a presumption_n adduce_v against_o he_o be_v great_a threaten_n capital_a enmity_n his_o contradict_a himself_o in_o his_o own_o examination_n common_a brute_n and_o open_a fame_n that_o he_o be_v the_o burner_n but_o i_o think_v that_o case_n very_o hard_o and_o not_o to_o be_v draw_v in_o consequence_n for_o though_o the_o dolus_fw-la and_o design_n may_v be_v prove_v by_o presumption_n because_o that_o be_v a_o act_n of_o the_o mind_n yet_o the_o burn_a itself_o be_v a_o external_a act_n shall_v only_o be_v prove_v by_o witness_n and_o confession_n 2._o see_v probatio_fw-la praesumptiva_fw-la be_v but_o fiâ—titiâ—_n it_o be_v hard_a to_o allow_v both_o thâ—_n burn_v itself_o and_o quo_fw-la animo_fw-la the_o fire_n be_v raise_v to_o be_v prove_v by_o presumption_n against_o that_o common_a rule_n in_o law_n that_o dvae_fw-la fictiones_fw-la non_fw-la cadunt_fw-la in_o candem_fw-la rem_fw-la 3._o lawyer_n be_v positive_a that_o dolus_fw-la debet_fw-la possit_fw-la probari_fw-la manifest_a bertez_n consil_n 322._o iii_o it_o be_v doubt_v among_o the_o doctor_n whether_o he_o that_o burn_v his_o own_o house_n may_v be_v punish_v as_o incendiarius_fw-la since_o quilibet_fw-la est_fw-la rei_fw-la sua_fw-la arbyter_n and_o dominion_n be_v define_v to_o be_v the_o use_n of_o any_o thing_n as_o we_o think_v fit_a but_o since_o fire-raising_a be_v ofttimes_o punish_v not_o only_o for_o the_o prejudice_n it_o have_v do_v sed_fw-la quia_fw-la flamma_fw-la potuit_fw-la longius_fw-la è_fw-la vagari_fw-la therefore_o fire-raising_a shall_v be_v punish_v in_o this_o case_n and_o as_o it_o be_v not_o presumable_a that_o any_o man_n will_v burn_v his_o own_o without_o design_n so_o if_o this_o be_v not_o punish_v man_n may_v upon_o the_o pretext_n of_o burn_v their_o own_o waste_n and_o destroy_v their_o own_o and_o ruin_v their_o neighbouss_n and_o he_o may_v very_o well_o be_v presume_v to_o have_v have_v a_o design_n against_o his_o neighbour_n but_o though_o the_o immediate_a dominion_n belong_v to_o private_a person_n yet_o the_o king_n have_v also_o a_o interest_n &_o dominium_fw-la directum_fw-la and_o as_o no_o man_n can_v kill_v himself_o lawful_o so_o neither_o can_v he_o burn_v his_o own_o house_n except_o he_o can_v instruct_v that_o he_o do_v the_o same_o upon_o a_o just_a and_o reasonable_a cause_n iv._o the_o punishment_n of_o fire-raising_a by_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v various_a and_o suitable_a to_o the_o several_a degree_n of_o the_o crime_n for_o raiser_n of_o fire_n within_o a_o town_n be_v burn_v alive_a those_o who_o burn_v corn_n beside_o house_n be_v bind_v and_o beat_v and_o then_o burn_v but_o not_o burn_v quick_a as_o we_o speak_v lex_fw-la 28._o parag_v incendiarii_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr poenis_fw-la but_o the_o burn_a of_o a_o house_n or_o village_n be_v not_o so_o high_o punish_v and_o clarus_n quest._n 68_o think_v that_o the_o statutory_a pain_n of_o fire-raising_a if_o it_o be_v capital_a shall_v not_o take_v place_n in_o small_a fire-raising_a but_o since_o a_o small_a spark_n may_v kindle_v a_o great_a fire_n this_o conclusion_n seem_v very_o unwarrantable_a if_o the_o fire_n be_v design_o raise_v v._o according_a to_o our_o law_n the_o burn_a of_o folk_n in_o their_o house_n and_o corn_n and_o wilful_a fire-raising_a be_v treason_n and_o laese_n majesty_n ja._n 5._o p._n 3._o cap._n 8._o from_o which_o act_n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v 1._o that_o the_o particle_n and_o be_v not_o here_o copulative_a but_o a_o disjunctive_a for_o either_o of_o these_o case_n viz._n the_o burn_a of_o corn_n be_v per_fw-la se_fw-la treason_n 2._o it_o be_v observable_a that_o all_o fire-raising_a be_v not_o treason_n though_o the_o rubric_n of_o the_o act_n bear_v that_o all_o fire-raising_a be_v treason_n which_o may_v be_v conclude_v by_o these_o reason_n 1._o that_o all_o punishment_n shall_v be_v commensurat_fw-la to_o the_o delict_n and_o crime_n which_o be_v punish_v and_o therefore_o since_o fire-raisings_a be_v very_o various_a it_o be_v unjust_a that_o they_o shall_v be_v all_o equal_o punish_v especial_o the_o punishment_n here_o be_v treason_n which_o be_v too_o severe_a for_o burn_a peets_n in_o a_o moss_n or_o a_o little_a cottage_n stand_v in_o a_o moor_n where_o the_o guilt_n be_v so_o small_a that_o the_o offender_n in_o these_o case_n shall_v be_v capital_o punish_v and_o in_o a_o case_n pursue_v against_o mackenzie_n of_o suddie_n upon_o the_o 29._o july_n 1693._o for_o burn_a some_o fuel_n stand_v upon_o a_o moor_n the_o justice_n will_v not_o sustain_v this_o as_o treason_n 2._o if_o all_o fire-raising_a be_v by_o this_o act_n treason_n there_o need_v not_o a_o posterior_n act_n have_v be_v make_v cap._n 146._o p._n 12._o ja._n 6._o declare_v that_o wilful_a fire-raising_a in_o coal-heughs_a upon_o malice_n and_o despite_n be_v punishable_a as_o treason_n 3._o by_o the_o foresay_a act_n of_o k._n ja._n 5._o it_o need_v not_o to_o have_v be_v say_v that_o the_o burn_a of_o folk_n in_o their_o house_n and_o the_o burn_a of_o house_n and_o corn_n shall_v be_v treason_n if_o general_o all_o fire-raising_a be_v treason_n for_o the_o better_a understanding_n then_o of_o that_o act_n we_o must_v consider_v that_o there_o be_v three_o several_a species_n of_o fire-raising_a declare_v to_o be_v treason_n by_o that_o act_n the_o first_o be_v the_o burn_a folk_n in_o their_o house_n which_o must_v be_v interpret_v likewise_o to_o be_v the_o burn_a of_o dwelling_v house_n though_o the_o people_n be_v not_o accidental_o there_o or_o be_v possible_o there_o and_o escape_v which_o species_n of_o fire-raising_a be_v most_o severe_o punish_v both_o because_o fire-raising_a be_v of_o all_o other_o the_o most_o horrid_a &_o domus_fw-la sua_fw-la est_fw-la unicuique_fw-la tutissimum_fw-la refugium_fw-la and_o because_o ordinary_o the_o burn_a of_o all_o the_o person_n dwell_v in_o the_o house_n be_v thereby_o design_v as_o well_o as_o the_o burn_a the_o house_n itself_o the_o second_o species_n be_v the_o burn_a house_n and_o corn_n which_o be_v suitable_a to_o the_o foresay_a 28._o law_n ff_n de_fw-fr poenis_fw-la where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o qui_fw-la acervum_fw-la frumenti_fw-la juxta_fw-la aedes_fw-la positum_fw-la combusserit_fw-la vinctus_fw-la verberatusque_fw-la igne_fw-la necatur_fw-la the_o three_o species_n be_v wilful_a fire-raising_a which_o differ_v in_o this_o from_o burn_v that_o burn_v be_v of_o a_o particular_a place_n with_o design_n to_o destroy_v no_o more_o but_o fire-raising_a be_v the_o burn_a a_o particular_a place_n with_o design_n to_o burn_v more_o as_o to_o kindle_v a_o little_a corn_n upon_o design_n to_o burn_v the_o whole_a field_n vi_o the_o other_o act_n make_v the_o burn_a of_o coal-heughs_a to_o be_v treason_n be_v practise_v upon_o john_n henry_n 14._o june_n 1615._o who_o be_v hang_v thereupon_o and_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o law_n be_v found_v upon_o the_o favourableness_n of_o that_o manufactory_a which_o some_o do_v ruin_n by_o put_v fire_n in_o they_o which_o be_v so_o easy_a that_o nothing_o can_v defend_v against_o it_o but_o the_o severity_n of_o such_o a_o law_n as_o this_o and_o upon_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o hazard_n which_o do_v arise_v by_o such_o fire_n as_o this_o which_o can_v never_o be_v quench_v when_o once_o kindle_v vii_o i_o be_v once_o consult_v whether_o the_o drown_n of_o coal-heughs_a be_v treason_n by_o this_o act_n since_o erat_fw-la eadem_fw-la ratio_fw-la utrobique_fw-la but_o i_o think_v not_o because_o penal_a law_n especial_o in_o which_o the_o punishment_n be_v so_o severe_a as_o treason_n shall_v not_o be_v extend_v as_o be_v elsewhere_o large_o debate_v and_o the_o hazard_n of_o drown_v a_o coal-heugh_a be_v not_o equal_a to_o the_o burn_a of_o it_o for_o drown_v can_v be_v easy_o remove_v and_o can_v spread_v so_o far_o viii_o so_o odious_a be_v this_o crime_n that_o it_o be_v express_o provide_v it_o shall_v be_v one_o of_o the_o four_o point_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o so_o can_v only_o be_v cognosce_v by_o the_o justice_n and_o all_o remission_n grant_v for_o fire-raising_a be_v declare_v null_n but_o this_o last_o be_v not_o in_o viridi_fw-la observantia_fw-la and_o fire-raising_a be_v include_v in_o the_o earl_n of_o caithness_n remission_n it_o be_v sustain_v though_o their_o act_n be_v object_v ix_o if_o dole_n and_o design_n can_v be_v prove_v in_o the_o fire-raising_a so_o that_o it_o be_v accidental_a sed_fw-la si_fw-la culpa_fw-la incendio_fw-la
punishable_a 9_o malefice_n where_o there_o be_v no_o conection_n betwixt_o the_o cause_n and_o the_o effect_n 10._o the_o use_v magic_a art_n for_o good_a end_n how_o punishable_a 11._o consult_v with_o witch_n how_o punish_v 12._o what_o the_o be_v defame_v by_o the_o witch_n import_v 13._o a_o witch_n confession_n not_o punishable_a except_o the_o thing_n confess_v be_v possible_a &_o de_fw-fr succubis_fw-la &_o incubis_fw-la 14._o whether_o the_o transportation_n confess_v be_v real_a and_o though_o real_a whether_o punishable_a 15._o whether_o a_o witch_n can_v cause_v any_o person_n be_v possess_v 16._o whether_o penetration_n be_v possible_a 17._o whether_o transformation_n be_v possible_a 18._o whether_o he_o can_v make_v bruit_n to_o speak_v or_o raise_v storm_n 19_o whether_o witch_n may_v transfer_v disease_n and_o whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o seek_v their_o help_n for_o this_o 20._o whether_o witch_n may_v kill_v by_o their_o look_n 21._o whether_o they_o can_v procure_v love_n by_o their_o potion_n 22._o how_o they_o torment_v man_n by_o their_o image_n 23._o whether_o confession_n before_o kirk_n session_n be_v relevant_a 24._o who_o can_v be_v witness_n in_o this_o crime_n 25._o the_o punishment_n of_o this_o crime_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o we_o 26._o the_o punishment_n of_o it_o by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n that_o there_o be_v witch_n divine_n can_v doubt_v since_o the_o word_n of_o god_n have_v ordain_v that_o no_o witch_n shall_v live_v nor_o lawyer_n in_o scotland_n see_v our_o law_n ordain_v it_o to_o be_v punish_v with_o death_n and_o though_o many_o lawyer_n in_o holland_n and_o elsewhere_o do_v think_v that_o albeit_o there_o be_v witch_n under_o the_o law_n yet_o there_o be_v none_o under_o the_o gospel_n the_o devil_n power_n have_v cease_v as_o to_o these_o as_o well_o as_o in_o his_o give_a response_n by_o oracle_n i._o wierus_n that_o great_a patron_n of_o witchcraft_n endeavour_n to_o maintain_v his_o opinion_n by_o 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that_o which_o be_v conclude_v impossible_a to_o be_v do_v by_o they_o 3._o it_o be_v unjust_a to_o punish_v they_o for_o do_v ill_o by_o charm_n except_o it_o can_v be_v first_o prove_v that_o these_o charm_n produce_v the_o effect_n that_o be_v punishable_a and_o lawyer_n shall_v argue_v thus_o those_o who_o kill_v or_o hurt_v man_n or_o beast_n by_o unlawful_a mean_n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n but_o so_o it_o be_v that_o witch_n and_o charmer_n kill_v man_n and_o beast_n by_o unlawful_a mean_n and_o therefore_o charmer_n ought_v to_o be_v punish_v by_o death_n off_o which_o syllogism_n wierus_n deny_v the_o minor_a for_o it_o can_v never_o be_v prove_v that_o verse_n cross_n or_o lay_v flesh_n in_o the_o threshold_n etc._n etc._n can_v destroy_v man_n or_o beast_n these_o be_v cause_n very_o disproportionable_a to_o such_o effect_n there_o be_v no_o contract_n betwixt_o the_o agent_n and_o patient_n in_o these_o case_n 4._o these_o who_o execute_v the_o will_n of_o god_n be_v not_o punishable_a for_o that_o be_v their_o duty_n and_o so_o can_v be_v their_o crime_n but_o so_o it_o be_v that_o whatever_o the_o devil_n or_o witch_n do_v be_v decree_v by_o god_n either_o for_o trial_n or_o punishment_n express_o and_o without_o his_o permission_n nothing_o can_v be_v do_v and_o if_o the_o devil_n be_v not_o act_v here_o by_o obedience_n or_o be_v at_o liberty_n he_o will_v not_o leave_v any_o one_o man_n undestroy_v or_o any_o of_o god_n work_v undefaced_a but_o that_o there_o be_v witch_n and_o that_o they_o be_v punishable_a capital_o not_o only_a when_o they_o poison_v or_o murder_n but_o even_o for_o enchant_v and_o delude_v the_o world_n be_v clear_a by_o a_o express_a text_n exod._n 22._o vers._n 18._o thou_o shall_v not_o suffer_v a_o witch_n to_o live_v and_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o the_o same_o word_n which_o express_v a_o witch_n here_o be_v that_o which_o be_v use_v in_o exod._n 7._o to_o express_v those_o magician_n who_o delude_v only_o the_o 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the_o henthen_n follow_v the_o dictate_v of_o nature_n punish_v witch_n as_o enemy_n to_o the_o author_n of_o it_o for_o the_o persian_n dash_v their_o head_n against_o stone_n as_o mince_v observe_v ad_fw-la §_o item_n lex_fw-la cornelia_n inst_n de_fw-fr pub_fw-la jud_v and_o tacitus_n lib._n 2._o annal._n tell_v we_o that_o publius_n marcius_n and_o pituanus_fw-la be_v execute_v for_o this_o crime_n for_o which_o likewise_o valerius_n maximus_n lib._n 6._o eap_n 3._o tell_v we_o that_o publicia_n and_o lucinia_n be_v with_o threescore_o and_o ten_o other_o roman_n hang_v but_o since_o it_o be_v express_o condemn_v in_o scripture_n and_o by_o many_o general_a council_n such_o as_o aurelian_a toledan_a and_o anaciritan_n it_o shall_v not_o be_v lawful_a for_o we_o to_o debate_v what_o the_o law_n have_v express_o condemn_v by_o the_o same_o reason_n that_o we_o shall_v deny_v witch_n we_o must_v deny_v the_o truth_n of_o all_o history_n ecclesiastic_a and_o secular_a and_o plutarch_n 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vice_n be_v the_o effect_n of_o delusion_n nor_o be_v witch_n more_o delude_v by_o melancholy_a than_o murderer_n be_v by_o rage_n or_o revenge_n and_o though_o it_o have_v never_o be_v see_v that_o person_n natural_o mad_a have_v be_v either_o guilty_a of_o or_o punish_v for_o this_o crime_n the_o devil_n design_v in_o this_o crime_n to_o gain_v only_o such_o as_o can_v damn_v themselves_o by_o give_v a_o free_a consent_n yet_o if_o madness_n can_v be_v prove_v or_o do_v appear_v it_o will_v certain_o defend_v both_o against_o the_o guilt_n and_o punishment_n and_o therefore_o such_o a_o series_n of_o clear_a circumstance_n shall_v concur_v before_o a_o person_n be_v find_v guilty_a of_o this_o crime_n as_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o secure_v the_o panel_n and_o satisfy_v the_o judge_n full_o in_o the_o quaerie_n but_o since_o daily_a experience_n convince_v the_o world_n that_o there_o
prove_v design_n which_o be_v a_o secret_a act_n of_o the_o mind_n all_o kill_v be_v always_o punishable_a by_o death_n except_o some_o of_o the_o quality_n of_o chance_n self-defence_n etc._n etc._n be_v allege_v upon_o by_o the_o panel_n it_o may_v be_v here_o ask_v if_o by_o our_o law_n he_o who_o strike_v with_o his_o fist_n or_o a_o batton_n which_o be_v of_o themselves_o no_o mortal_a weapon_n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n though_o the_o party_n strike_v there_o by_o he_o die_v and_o it_o will_v seem_v hard_a that_o he_o shall_v see_v no_o design_n to_o kill_v can_v be_v here_o presume_v &_o maleficia_fw-la voluntas_fw-la &_o affectus_fw-la distinguunt_fw-la and_o by_o the_o 5._o cap._n wil._n reg._n num_fw-la 4._o it_o be_v say_v that_o si_fw-la quis_fw-la interficiat_fw-la cum_fw-la pugno_fw-la dabit_fw-la regi_fw-la 25._o vaccas_fw-la &_o satisfaciet_fw-la parentelae_fw-la defuncti_fw-la secundum_fw-la assisam_fw-la regni_fw-la by_o which_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o 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a_o gentleman_n who_o invite_v his_o neighbour_n to_o a_o feast_n and_o kill_v he_o and_o all_o his_o relation_n in_o his_o own_o house_n so_o that_o invitation_n be_v one_o branch_n of_o this_o trust_n 2._o assurance_n signify_v that_o when_o two_o person_n be_v at_o fead_z and_o the_o one_o have_v find_v borrow_v to_o one_o another_o act_n 97._o ja._n 1._o p._n 6.3_o where_o person_n at_o variance_n be_v under_o capitulation_n 4_o this_o act_n have_v be_v stretch_v to_o the_o conjugal_a trust_n betwixt_o man_n and_o wife_n anno_fw-la 1627._o andrew_n row_n and_o yet_o in_o the_o process_n intent_a against_o swintoun_n for_o kill_v his_o wife_n anno_fw-la 1666._o it_o be_v object_v that_o this_o act_n extend_v not_o to_o such_o trust_v as_o this_o the_o pusurer_n restrict_v his_o libel_n to_o murder_n and_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n anno._n 1665._o find_v that_o a_o son_n kill_v his_o own_o mother_n be_v not_o a_o murder_n under_o trust_n punishable_a by_o this_o act_n and_o yet_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o both_o kill_n of_o wife_n and_o child_n fall_v under_o that_o branch_n of_o the_o act_n where_o the_o party_n be_v under_o the_o power_n of_o the_o slayer_n this_o species_n of_o murder_n be_v by_o the_o civilian_n call_v proditio_fw-la which_o be_v design_v to_o be_v homicidium_fw-la sub_fw-la praetextu_fw-la amicitiae_fw-la v_o g._n dum_fw-la sederem_fw-la tecum_fw-la in_o mensa_fw-la vel_fw-la amicitiam_fw-la fingerem_fw-la which_o be_v punishable_a by_o a_o more_o severe_a death_n then_o ordinar_n murder_n and_o in_o spain_n the_o betrayer_n or_o proditor_n for_o even_o in_o propriety_n of_o speech_n murder_n under_o trust_n be_v treachery_n or_o treason_n trahitur_fw-la ad_fw-la caudam_fw-la equi_fw-la &_o postea_fw-la furca_fw-la suspenditur_fw-la gomez_n by_o that_o act_n likewise_o trial_n shall_v be_v take_v by_o a_o assize_n and_o therefore_o the_o lord_n find_v that_o though_o mr._n james_n oliphant_n have_v be_v guilty_a of_o kill_v his_o mother_n and_o that_o it_o have_v be_v treason_n yet_o his_o forefaulter_n can_v not_o fall_v to_o the_o king_n upon_o a_o simple_a denunciation_n for_o not_o appear_v to_o underly_a the_o law_n because_o a_o trial_n be_v requisite_a in_o this_o case_n and_o by_o the_o 137._o act_n 13_o par._n ja._n 6._o the_o kill_v any_o person_n in_o the_o parliament-house_n during_o the_o sit_v thereof_o or_o the_o inner_a tolbuith_n id_fw-la est_fw-la the_o inner_a house_n of_o the_o session_n during_o the_o sit_v thereof_o or_o the_o council-house_n whilst_o the_o lord_n sit_v or_o kill_v any_o in_o the_o king_n chamber_n cabinet_n or_o chamber_n of_o peace_n or_o in_o the_o king_n presence_n any_o where_o infer_v the_o pain_n of_o treason_n xvii_o what_o be_v interpret_v to_o be_v art_n and_o part_n of_o murder_n can_v hardly_o be_v define_v for_o it_o do_v depend_v upon_o the_o assize_n a_o design_n to_o murder_n though_o no_o murder_n follow_v affectus_fw-la sine_fw-la effectu_fw-la punitur_fw-la capitaliter_fw-la l._n 1._o be_v qui_fw-la cum_fw-la telo_fw-la c._n ad_fw-la corn._n de_fw-fr sicar_n yet_o by_o the_o custom_n of_o nation_n the_o punishment_n now_o reach_v not_o life_n clar._n hoc_fw-la do_fw-mi num_fw-la 74._o and_o i_o find_v that_o matthew_n stewart_n be_v pursue_v for_o contrive_v the_o death_n of_o thomas_n kennedie_n come_v in_o the_o king_n will_v and_o be_v only_o banish_v mart_n 1597._o as_o also_o i_o find_v that_o though_o lawson_n be_v cleanse_v of_o the_o murder_n of_o she_o own_o child_n yet_o she_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o justice_n because_o of_o the_o violent_a presumption_n adduce_v against_o she_o and_o that_o she_o herself_o have_v confess_v she_o bear_v a_o dead_a child_n the_o justice_n therefore_o do_v ordain_v she_o to_o be_v whip_v and_o banish_v 20_o august_n 1662._o and_o margaret_n ramsay_n have_v confess_v that_o she_o bear_v a_o dead_a child_n and_o be_v advise_v to_o cast_v it_o into_o the_o north-loch_n which_o she_o do_v not_o though_o without_o her_o knowledge_n it_o be_v do_v by_o other_o the_o justices_z though_o she_o be_v assoylzy_v by_o the_o inquest_n ordain_v she_o to_o be_v scourge_v and_o banish_v 1661._o xviii_o though_o such_o as_o kill_v in_o prosecution_n of_o law_n be_v not_o punishable_a as_o murderer_n yet_o if_o they_o exceed_v they_o be_v punishable_a not_o only_a quo_fw-la ad_fw-la excessum_fw-la arbitrary_o but_o even_o paena_fw-la ordinaria_fw-la as_o murderer_n a_o instance_n whereof_o be_v decide_v the_o 14._o of_o june_n 1672._o in_o the_o person_n of_o mr._n archibald_n beath_n who_o be_v pannel_v for_o kill_a allan_n gairdiner_n allege_v that_o the_o council_n have_v by_o their_o act_n and_o proclamation_n ordain_v all_o meal_n bring_v from_o ireland_n to_o be_v seize_v upon_o and_o the_o boat_n wherein_o it_o be_v bring_v to_o be_v sink_v in_o prosecution_n whereof_o gardiner_n meal_n be_v seize_v he_o break_v the_o seizure_n and_o be_v follow_v in_o a_o boat_n by_o the_o say_a mr._n archibald_n and_o other_o he_o be_v command_v to_o stay_v his_o boat_n but_o be_v so_o fare_v from_o obey_v though_o command_v in_o his_o majesty_n be_v name_n that_o he_o have_v run_v almost_o down_o the_o panel_n little_a boat_n who_o be_v thereupon_o force_v to_o shoot_v at_o they_o and_o though_o this_o act_n ex_fw-la post_fw-la facto_fw-la degenerate_a into_o a_o act_n of_o kill_v yet_o no_o kill_n be_v at_o first_o intend_v and_o the_o rise_v of_o all_o such_o action_n be_v to_o be_v first_o consider_v to_o which_o it_o be_v reply_v that_o this_o act_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v civiliter_fw-la and_o do_v only_o empower_v the_o liege_n to_o seize_v but_o not_o to_o kill_v and_o all_o mandate_n be_v to_o be_v so_o interpret_v as_o not_o to_o be_v extend_v ad_fw-la ea_fw-la quae_fw-la mandans_fw-la in_o specie_fw-la non_fw-la mandasset_fw-la or_o quae_fw-la solitus_fw-la est_fw-la mandare_fw-la si_fw-la aliquando_fw-la mandat_fw-la non_fw-la mandat_fw-la nisi_fw-la certa_fw-la forma_fw-la servata_fw-la but_o it_o can_v be_v subsume_v that_o the_o council_n will_v have_v allow_v the_o importer_n of_o such_o victual_n to_o be_v kill_v nor_o do_v they_o use_v to_o intrust_v the_o execution_n of_o such_o law_n to_o minister_n and_o if_o they_o have_v design_v that_o the_o execution_n of_o this_o prohibition_n shall_v reach_v death_n they_o will_v have_v express_o allow_v the_o seizer_n to_o kill_v as_o they_o use_v to_o do_v in_o such_o case_n to_o which_o it_o be_v duply_v that_o though_o the_o minister_n be_v not_o obliedge_v to_o concur_v because_o of_o his_o function_n yet_o concur_v as_o a_o subject_a he_o be_v not_o punishable_a therefore_o capital_o and_o if_o a_o minister_n shall_v concur_v when_o the_o hue_n and_o cry_n be_v raise_v after_o a_o night_n thief_n or_o if_o a_o minister_n do_v assist_v such_o as_o pursue_v rebel_n and_o shall_v kill_v in_o the_o pursuit_n it_o be_v absurd_a to_o conclude_v that_o he_o shall_v be_v punish_v
by_o the_o 219._o act_n par._n 14._o ja._n 6._o if_o either_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi or_o defender_n in_o civil_a pursuit_n kill_v one_o another_o during_o the_o dependence_n eo_fw-la casu_fw-la the_o killer_n be_v put_v to_o the_o horn_n either_o for_o not_o compearance_n at_o the_o diet_n or_o for_o not_o find_v caution_n he_o lose_v his_o life-rent_a escheat_n immediate_o upon_o the_o denounciation_n xxi_o murder_n be_v one_o of_o the_o four_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n malcol_n 2._o c._n 11._o and_o therefore_o the_o cognition_n thereof_o belong_v to_o the_o justice_n and_o commission_n can_v be_v grant_v for_o trial_n thereof_o act_n 74._o ja._n 6._o par._n 11._o albeit_o it_o be_v now_o most_o ordinar_n to_o grant_v such_o commission_n and_o yet_o this_o act_n be_v allege_v against_o one_o of_o those_o commissioner_n before_o the_o council_n they_o do_v recall_v the_o same_o but_o if_o the_o murderer_n be_v take_v red_a hand_n he_o may_v be_v judge_v by_o a_o baron_n have_v power_n of_o pit_n and_o gallow_n by_o a_o sheriff_n or_o any_o other_o judge_n ordinar_n betwixt_o which_o there_o be_v likewise_o this_o difference_n that_o murder_n be_v bailable_a ja._n 3._o par._n 6._o c._n 42._o but_o slaughter_v take_v red_a hand_n be_v not_o bailable_a but_o the_o committer_n thereof_o shall_v be_v judge_v within_o that_o sun_n ja._n 1._o par._n 6._o c._n 89.95_o and_o if_o the_o baron_n or_o sheriff_n proceed_v not_o within_o that_o time_n the_o cognition_n belong_v only_o to_o the_o justice_n for_o they_o be_v judge_n to_o murder_n upon_o citation_n xxii_o by_o several_a old_a act_n i_o find_v that_o the_o sheriff_n when_o a_o murder_n be_v commit_v may_v raise_v the_o king_n horn_n id_fw-la est_fw-la the_o hue_n and_o cry_n hoesium_fw-la as_o the_o latin_a translation_n call_v it_o upon_o the_o murder_n and_o follow_v he_o out_o of_o his_o sheriffdom_n and_o send_v letter_n to_o the_o next_o and_o he_o to_o a_o three_o and_o so_o till_o he_o be_v take_v and_o that_o when_o he_o be_v take_v justice_n shall_v be_v do_v upon_o he_o within_o forty_o day_n and_o that_o he_o shall_v be_v send_v from_o sheriff_n to_o sheriff_n to_o the_o place_n where_o the_o crime_n be_v commit_v which_o be_v now_o absolet_n for_o if_o he_o be_v not_o take_v red_a hand_n the_o sheriff_n can_v proceed_v against_o he_o albeit_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o he_o may_v if_o he_o be_v take_v within_o forty_o day_n ja._n 1._o par._n 6._o c._n 89._o which_o i_o find_v no_o where_o abrogate_a nor_o any_o thing_n to_o the_o contrair_a except_o only_a hop_n assertion_n in_o his_o lesser_a practic_n and_o that_o may_v be_v interpret_v also_o of_o cognition_n after_o the_o forty_o day_n be_v expire_v by_o the_o 50._o act_n of_o the_o 6._o par._n ja._n 1._o it_o be_v statute_v that_o sheriff_n in_o the_o former_a case_n may_v proclaim_v the_o murderer_n fugitive_a and_o forbid_v all_o the_o liege_n to_o receipt_n he_o under_o the_o pain_n of_o lose_v life_n and_o good_n but_o this_o power_n be_v also_o absolet_n and_o the_o receipt_a murderer_n seem_v not_o any_o accession_n except_o other_o presumption_n be_v adduce_v as_o if_o the_o murder_n be_v commit_v upon_o the_o receipter_n account_n in_o which_o case_n receipt_v may_v be_v arbitrarlily_n punish_v but_o of_o this_o i_o find_v no_o formal_a decision_n only_o the_o register_n mention_v that_o thomas_n brice_n be_v accuse_v for_o receipt_v his_o own_o son_n who_o have_v murder_v fairhop_n it_o be_v allege_v that_o the_o receipt_v his_o own_o son_n can_v be_v no_o crime_n nam_fw-la proximitas_fw-la sanguinis_fw-la tollit_fw-la praesumptionem_fw-la criminis_fw-la hoc_fw-la casu_fw-la clar._n quest_n 110._o num_fw-la 54._o &_o l._n 2._o ff_n de_fw-fr recept_n and_o receipt_n can_v only_o be_v interpret_v to_o be_v a_o crime_n in_o our_o law_n after_o the_o committer_n be_v denounce_v and_o letter_n of_o intercommune_v obtain_v against_o they_o which_o defence_n be_v think_v so_o relevant_a that_o the_o justice_n demure_v upon_o it_o but_o this_o receive_v no_o decision_n xxiii_o when_o a_o man_n be_v kill_v by_o forethought_a felony_n the_o king_n can_v by_o our_o law_n grant_v no_o remission_n for_o the_o murder_n ja._n 4._o par._n 6._o cap._n 63._o and_o ja._n 6._o cap._n 13._o cap._n 169._o but_o yet_o remission_n be_v daily_o grant_v for_o such_o murderer_n and_o be_v admit_v in_o the_o justice_n court_n notwithstanding_o of_o this_o objection_n as_o in_o the_o earl_n of_o caithnes_n case_n in_o anno_fw-la 1668._o and_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o these_o act_n be_v by_o the_o style_n but_o temporary_a acts._n but_o all_o such_o remission_n be_v null_a except_o the_o offender_n offer_v to_o assith_v the_o party_n which_o assithment_n be_v modify_v by_o the_o council_n and_o the_o party_n can_v propon_n upon_o his_o remission_n till_o he_o find_v present_a caution_n to_o satisfy_v what_o shall_v be_v modify_v within_o forty_o day_n or_o else_o he_o must_v during_o these_o forty_o day_n go_v to_o prison_n and_o if_o payment_n be_v not_o make_v within_o forty_o day_n his_o remission_n be_v null_a ja._n 2._o par._n 14._o cap._n 75._o assassinii_fw-la crimen_fw-la or_o to_o kill_v a_o man_n by_o assassination_n be_v to_o murder_v a_o man_n for_o money_n and_o this_o species_n be_v introduce_v first_o by_o the_o canon_n law_n cap._n 1._o de_fw-fr homicide_n cap._n 6._o and_o have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o assassini_n who_o be_v a_o tribe_n of_o the_o phoenician_n and_o who_o feign_v themselves_o to_o be_v christian_n be_v true_o mahumetan_n that_o they_o may_v kill_v christian_n and_o therefore_o and_o because_o the_o foresay_a canon_n speak_v only_o of_o christian_n it_o be_v still_o conclude_v that_o only_o such_o as_o kill_v christian_n be_v to_o be_v repute_n assassinat_n and_o the_o killer_n of_o a_o jew_n be_v find_v no_o assassinate_n cavall_n h._n t._n num_fw-la 475._o and_o yet_o matheus_n think_v that_o all_o kill_n for_o money_n be_v assassination_n for_o this_o crime_n be_v found_v upon_o nature_n to_o kill_v a_o jew_n be_v as_o far_o against_o nature_n as_o to_o kill_v a_o christian_n and_o it_o be_v a_o great_a scandal_n upon_o our_o religion_n to_o kill_v a_o jew_n because_o it_o reproach_n we_o among_o infidel_n the_o specialty_n introduce_v in_o this_o crime_n be_v that_o the_o endeavour_n to_o kill_v for_o money_n be_v a_o crime_n though_o death_n follow_v not_o and_o that_o assassination_n may_v be_v prove_v by_o presumption_n and_o that_o they_o can_v enjoy_v the_o benefit_n of_o a_o sanctuary_n or_o girth_n cabal_n num_fw-la 501.515.526_o and_o though_o the_o foresay_a canon_n run_v only_o against_o such_o as_o undertake_v to_o kill_v for_o money_n yet_o the_o conducer_n or_o such_o as_o entreat_v they_o to_o kill_v be_v also_o assassinat_n gomez_n 3._o resol_n 3._o num_fw-la 10._o math._n pag._n 521._o but_o these_o be_v not_o in_o observance_n with_o we_o except_o as_o to_o the_o privilege_n of_o a_o sanctuary_n from_o which_o all_o such_o as_o commit_v murder_n under_o trust_n or_o per_fw-la insidias_fw-la which_o that_o act_n call_v assassinium_fw-la only_o be_v express_o exclude_v act_n 35._o part_n 5._o i._o 3._o title_n xii_o of_o duel_n 1._o the_o several_a kind_n of_o duel_n allow_v of_o old_a by_o other_o nation_n 2._o what_o duel_n be_v allow_v of_o old_a in_o scotland_n 3._o how_o the_o give_v and_o receive_v challenge_n be_v punishable_a though_o no_o combat_n follow_v 4._o the_o way_n of_o libel_v use_v in_o this_o case_n 5._o whether_o duel_v for_o reparation_n of_o honour_n be_v lawful_a where_o no_o other_o reparation_n can_v be_v have_v 6._o what_o must_v be_v prove_v in_o this_o crime_n 7._o whether_o he_o be_v not_o punishable_a who_o kill_v in_o a_o rancounter_n only_o or_o he_o who_o tell_v the_o provooker_n that_o he_o be_v go_v to_o such_o a_o place_n 8._o the_o punishment_n of_o duel_n and_o who_o be_v account_v art_n and_o part_n duel_n be_v but_o illustrious_a and_o honourable_a murder_n and_o therefore_o i_o have_v subjoin_v this_o title_n to_o the_o title_n of_o homicide_n this_o be_v that_o imperious_a crime_n which_o triumph_v over_o both_o public_a revenge_n and_o private_a virtue_n and_o trample_v proud_o upon_o both_o the_o law_n of_o the_o nation_n and_o the_o life_n of_o our_o enemy_n courage_n think_v law_n here_o to_o be_v but_o pedantrie_n and_o honour_n persuade_v man_n that_o obedience_n here_o be_v cowardliness_n i._o we_o find_v no_o such_o crime_n as_o this_o among_o the_o roman_n because_o that_o wise_a nation_n employ_v their_o life_n against_o their_o enemy_n and_o not_o against_o their_o fellow-citizen_n and_o the_o true_a trial_n of_o courage_n among_o they_o be_v fight_v against_o the_o enemy_n of_o rome_n duel_n be_v either_o judicial_a or_o extrajudicial_a judicial_a duel_n be_v these_o which_o be_v allow_v by_o
sodomy_n in_o which_o endeavour_n be_v punishable_a by_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o doctor_n though_o by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n sodomy_n require_v habuisse_fw-la rem_fw-la veneream_n &_o pverum_fw-la carnaliter_fw-la cognovisse_fw-la cook_n p._n 59_o albeit_o the_o manner_n of_o death_n be_v not_o express_v in_o this_o act_n yet_o practic_a have_v determine_v the_o same_o to_o be_v hang_v as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o barnoch_n who_o be_v hang_v for_o commit_v incest_n with_o his_o own_o sister_n decemb._n 8._o 1641._o and_o of_o joan_n knox_n who_o be_v hang_v for_o commit_v incest_n with_o her_o husband_n brother_n may_v 1646._o sometime_o it_o be_v likewise_o punish_v with_o head_v as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o james_n strang_n who_o be_v behead_v for_o commit_v incest_n with_o his_o brother_n daughter_n the_o 4._o of_o april_n 1649._o iii_o sodomy_n be_v when_o a_o man_n lie_v with_o a_o man_n for_o which_o both_o be_v punishable_a by_o death_n l._n cum_fw-la vir_fw-la nubit_fw-la c._n the_o adult_n they_o be_v burn_v in_o france_n and_o savoy_n as_o gothofred_n observe_v by_o the_o 25._o act_n henry_n the_o 8._o sodomy_n be_v declare_v felony_n and_o the_o punishment_n of_o felony_n by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n be_v in_o all_o case_n to_o be_v hang_v by_o the_o neck_n till_o death_n though_o carpzovius_fw-la and_o the_o other_o doctor_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o confession_n alone_o be_v not_o a_o sufficient_a probation_n in_o this_o crime_n except_o other_o presumption_n concur_v for_o clear_v that_o the_o crime_n be_v true_o commit_v yet_o with_o we_o the_o confession_n itself_o without_o any_o other_o adminicle_n be_v sufficient_a to_o infer_v the_o punishment_n of_o death_n except_o the_o confessor_n be_v know_v or_o at_o least_o suspect_v to_o be_v distemper_v mastrupatio_fw-la est_fw-la ubi_fw-la quis_fw-la propriis_fw-la manibus_fw-la aliove_n instrumento_fw-la se_fw-la polluit_fw-la &_o punitur_fw-la ut_fw-la sodomia_fw-la carp_n part._n 2._o quest_n 76._o haec_fw-la paena_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la in_o usu_fw-la apud_fw-la nos_fw-la iv._o bestiality_n be_v when_o a_o man_n lie_v with_o a_o beast_n which_o the_o roman_n also_o punish_v with_o death_n and_o in_o which_o some_o lawyer_n affirm_v the_o endeavour_n be_v as_o high_o punishable_a as_o the_o crime_n itself_o effectus_fw-la sine_fw-la affectu_fw-la papon_n lib._n 22._o tit_n 7._o art_n 1._o damhaud_fw-fr cap._n 96._o n._n 16._o which_o opinion_n they_o find_v upon_o the_o attrocity_n of_o the_o crime_n and_o it_o seem_v that_o he_o deserve_v not_o to_o live_v who_o can_v harbour_v such_o horrid_a thought_n but_o especial_o if_o he_o do_v all_o that_o be_v in_o his_o power_n to_o put_v his_o design_n in_o practice_n and_o be_v only_o let_v by_o some_o interveen_a accident_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o yet_o other_o lawyer_n conclude_v that_o even_o in_o this_o crime_n the_o endeavour_n be_v punishable_a by_o a_o less_o severe_a punishment_n than_o death_n which_o seem_v clear_a by_o l._n 1._o §_o fin_fw-fr ff_n de_fw-fr extraord_n crim_n qui_fw-la pvero_fw-la struprum_fw-la abducto_fw-la ab_fw-la eo_fw-la vel_fw-la corrupto_fw-la comite_fw-la persuaserit_fw-la aut_fw-la mulierem_fw-la puellamve_fw-la interpellaverit_fw-la quidve_fw-la impudicitiae_fw-la gratia_fw-la fecerit_fw-la perfecto_fw-la flagitio_fw-la punitur_fw-la capite_fw-la imperfecto_fw-la in_o insulam_fw-la deportatur_fw-la and_o though_o in_o hot_a country_n where_o custom_n and_o climate_n lessen_v this_o crime_n the_o crime_n be_v by_o their_o lawyer_n think_v punishable_a less_o severe_o yet_o with_o we_o death_n ought_v to_o punish_v it_o if_o the_o delinquent_n be_v only_o let_v by_o other_o and_o in_o both_o their_o crime_n of_o sodomy_n and_o bestiality_n witness_n who_o be_v liable_a to_o exception_n will_v be_v receive_v because_o of_o the_o attrocity_n of_o the_o crime_n bos._n de_fw-fr judiciis_fw-la we_o have_v no_o particular_a statute_n for_o punish_v either_o sodomy_n or_o bestiality_n for_o they_o be_v crime_n extraordinar_fw-mi and_o rare_o commit_v in_o this_o kingdom_n but_o our_o libel_n bear_v that_o albeit_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o omnipotent_a god_n as_o it_o be_v declare_v in_o the_o 20._o c._n of_o leviticus_n as_o well_o the_o man_n who_o lie_v with_o mankind_n as_o the_o man_n who_o lie_v with_o a_o beast_n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n yet_o etc._n etc._n the_o ordinar_n punishment_n in_o both_o these_o be_v burn_v and_o the_o beast_n be_v also_o burn_v with_o which_o the_o bestiality_n be_v commit_v as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o james_n fidde_v who_o be_v convict_v of_o bestiality_n be_v ordain_v to_o be_v burn_v in_o the_o last_o of_o may_n 1650._o and_o major_a weir_n april_n 1670._o yet_o sometime_o it_o be_v only_o punish_v by_o hang_v and_o thus_o john_n logie_n be_v only_o hang_v in_o july_n 1642._o and_o james_n wilson_n be_v only_o hang_v for_o the_o same_o crime_n 15._o feb._n 1649._o which_o last_o sentence_n bear_v that_o the_o execution_n shall_v be_v very_o early_o in_o the_o morning_n and_o ordain_v the_o mare_n with_o which_o the_o buggery_n be_v commit_v to_o be_v drown_v in_o any_o moss_n or_o loach_n title_n xvi_o raptus_fw-la ravish_v 1._o the_o nature_n of_o a_o rapt_v describe_v and_o its_o punishment_n 2._o whether_o the_o violent_a lie_v with_o a_o woman_n without_o the_o carry_v she_o away_o be_v a_o rapt_v 3._o if_o the_o carry_v a_o woman_n away_o upon_o any_o other_o account_n then_o lust_n be_v a_o rapt_v 4._o if_o the_o carry_v she_o away_o without_o lie_v with_o she_o be_v a_o rapt_v 5._o if_o a_o woman_n carry_v away_o a_o man_n be_v a_o rapt_v 6._o whether_o a_o subsequent_a consent_n purge_v this_o crime_n 7._o some_o instance_n of_o the_o punishment_n of_o this_o crime_n 8._o whether_o the_o parent_n consent_n not_o be_v obtain_v make_v a_o rapt_v 9_o whether_o minor_n and_o such_o as_o force_v common_a whore_n be_v punishable_a for_o a_o rapt_v rapt_v or_o ravish_v be_v that_o crime_n which_o be_v commit_v in_o the_o violent_a carry_v away_o a_o woman_n from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o for_o satisfy_v the_o ravisher_n lust_n and_o be_v in_o the_o civil_a law_n punishable_a by_o death_n l._n un_fw-fr c._n the_o rapt_v virgin_n etc._n etc._n in_o our_o law_n it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o four_o point_n of_o the_o crown_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o cognition_n of_o it_o belong_v only_o to_o his_o majesty_n justice_n and_o not_o to_o any_o other_o judge_n r._n maj._n l._n 1._o c._n 1._o n._n 6._o and_o be_v punishable_a by_o death_n and_o confiscation_n of_o the_o committer_n moveable_n for_o albeit_o i_o remember_v not_o that_o the_o punishment_n of_o death_n be_v express_o appoint_v for_o it_o yet_o in_o the_o 8_o cap._n l._n 4._o r._n m._n it_o be_v say_v express_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v punish_v as_o the_o other_o crime_n above_o relate_v and_o these_o be_v murder_n treason_n and_o fire-raising_a which_o be_v all_o capital_o punish_v and_o by_o the_o act._n 4._o p._n 21._o i._o 6._o it_o be_v declare_v that_o albeit_o the_o consent_n and_o declaration_n of_o the_o woman_n ravish_v declare_v that_o she_o go_v away_o of_o her_o own_o free_a will_n may_v free_v the_o committer_n from_o capital_a punishment_n yet_o shall_v it_o not_o free_v he_o from_o such_o arbitrary_a punishment_n as_o his_o majesty_n shall_v inflict_v by_o ward_n confiscation_n of_o their_o good_n or_o impose_v upon_o they_o pecunial_a mulct_n which_o act_n insinuat_v that_o the_o crime_n be_v otherways_o capital_a else_o that_o act_n have_v be_v unnecessar_n ii_o the_o definition_n give_v of_o a_o rapt_v l._n 4._o c._n 8._o r.m._n be_v that_o it_o be_v the_o unjust_a oppress_v of_o a_o woman_n by_o a_o man_n against_o the_o king_n peace_n in_o which_o it_o differ_v from_o the_o civil_a law_n at_o least_o from_o some_o doctor_n who_o allege_v that_o lie_v with_o a_o woman_n or_o abuse_v her_o body_n violent_o be_v not_o a_o rapt_v except_o she_o be_v carry_v from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o albeit_o they_o do_v confess_v that_o this_o violence_n be_v punishable_a by_o deportation_n or_o banishment_n and_o be_v as_o some_o affirm_v non_fw-la raptus_fw-la sed_fw-la stuprum_fw-la l._n 3._o c._n de_fw-fr ad_fw-la leg_n iu_n l._n de_fw-fr vi_fw-la but_o yet_o other_o lawyer_n and_o chief_o mathaeus_n do_v conclude_v that_o albeit_o the_o away_o take_v and_o the_o force_n or_o violent_a abuse_v a_o woman_n body_n be_v different_o punish_v yet_o they_o be_v degree_n of_o the_o same_o crime_n and_o both_o be_v rapt_n but_o according_a to_o our_o law_n both_o be_v rapt_n and_o both_o punishable_a by_o death_n neither_o do_v our_o law_n make_v any_o distinction_n inter_fw-la raptores_fw-la &_o deforciatores_fw-la mulierum_fw-la betwixt_o ravisher_n and_o deforcer_n of_o woman_n and_o it_o be_v most_o unreasonable_a that_o he_o who_o defloure_n a_o woman_n violent_o shall_v not_o be_v as_o severe_o punish_v
law_n by_o which_o non_fw-la licebat_fw-la ducere_fw-la eam_fw-la in_o vxorem_fw-la quam_fw-la quis_fw-la polluit_fw-la adulterio_fw-la but_o it_o must_v be_v observe_v that_o this_o only_o hold_v where_o there_o be_v a_o actual_a divorce_n upon_o the_o adultery_n prior_n to_o the_o marriage_n and_o therefore_o a_o present_a marriage_n can_v not_o be_v dissolve_v by_o offer_v to_o prove_v that_o the_o contracter_n have_v commit_v adultery_n during_o their_o former_a marriage_n this_o act_n of_o parliament_n have_v declare_v such_o marriage_n unlawful_a it_o do_v very_o consequential_o declare_v the_o succession_n to_o be_v beget_v by_o such_o unlawful_a conjunction_n to_o be_v unhabile_fw-la to_o succeed_v as_o heir_n to_o these_o parent_n and_o i_o have_v hear_v it_o it_o doubt_v whether_o they_o be_v capable_a to_o receive_v disposition_n from_o their_o adulterous_a parent_n but_o i_o conceive_v as_o to_o this_o there_o be_v no_o difficulty_n for_o though_o the_o law_n make_v they_o uncapable_a to_o succeed_v as_o heir_n yet_o it_o do_v not_o make_v they_o uncapable_a to_o receive_v a_o disposition_n and_o though_o it_o may_v seem_v that_o this_o be_v a_o far_a check_n upon_o the_o adulterer_n who_o child_n can_v no_o way_n be_v gratify_v by_o those_o with_o who_o they_o commit_v the_o crime_n yet_o since_o quilibet_fw-la est_fw-la arbyter_n rei_fw-la suae_fw-la it_o be_v hard_a to_o deprive_v a_o man_n of_o the_o use_n of_o his_o property_n because_o he_o have_v commit_v adultery_n i_o find_v that_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n such_o bastard_n as_o be_v bear_v in_o adultery_n or_o incest_n who_o in_o the_o civil_a law_n call_v nati_fw-la ex_fw-la damnato_fw-la coitu_fw-la can_v neither_o succeed_v to_o their_o vicious_a parent_n nor_o be_v they_o capable_a of_o any_o thing_n by_o their_o parent_n testament_n cum_fw-la ita_fw-la facilius_fw-la paterna_fw-la libido_fw-la coercere_fw-la possess_v censeatur_fw-la l._n fin._n c._n the_o nat_n lib._n bald._n ad_fw-la l._n 1._o c._n de_fw-fr jur_fw-fr aur._n nor_o can_v they_o be_v adopt_v by_o their_o parent_n l._n legem_fw-la c._n de_fw-fr na_fw-fr lib._n upon_o which_o principle_n our_o parliament_n have_v be_v induce_v to_o make_v the_o 117._o act._n par._n 12._o i._o 6._o but_o have_v streatched_a it_o a_o little_a further_o than_o the_o civil_a law_n do_v for_o by_o that_o statute_n a_o woman_n divorce_v for_o her_o adultery_n marry_v thereafter_o the_o person_n with_o who_o she_o commit_v the_o adultery_n for_o which_o she_o be_v divorce_v or_o dwell_v and_o resort_v in_o company_n with_o he_o at_o bed_n and_o buird_v can_v dispone_v her_o land_n or_o set_v tack_n thereof_o in_o prejudice_n of_o the_o heir_n who_o will_v otherways_o have_v succeed_v to_o she_o from_o which_o statute_n it_o be_v observable_a that_o since_o the_o woman_n be_v only_o incapacitat_fw-la to_o dispone_fw-la in_o this_o case_n that_o therefore_o a_o man_n though_o divorce_v for_o adultery_n may_v lawful_o dispone_v his_o land_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o child_n procreate_v in_o that_o adultery_n this_o prohibition_n be_v restrict_v to_o the_o woman_n because_o of_o the_o imbecility_n of_o her_o sex_n who_o may_v be_v tempt_v or_o seduce_v more_o easy_o than_o man_n can_v be_v and_o yet_o since_o the_o presumption_n do_v only_o run_v against_o the_o adulterous_a child_n procreate_v in_o the_o second_o marriage_n who_o it_o be_v probable_a the_o mother_n will_v have_v prefer_v to_o the_o child_n of_o the_o first_o and_o slight_v husband_n it_o seem_v strange_a why_o any_o deed_n do_v by_o she_o in_o prejudice_n of_o not_o only_o those_o child_n but_o even_o of_o any_o of_o her_o heir_n will_v be_v null_a though_o do_v in_o favour_n of_o neither_o the_o adulterous_a husband_n nor_o his_o child_n but_o even_o in_o favour_n of_o mere_a stranger_n who_o the_o law_n need_v not_o have_v suspect_v but_o this_o be_v certain_o do_v to_o prevent_v the_o mother_n fraudulent_a convyance_n who_o may_v have_v transmit_v the_o estate_n to_o the_o adulterous_a husband_n or_o his_o posterity_n or_o friend_n under_o borrow_a name_n the_o discover_v of_o such_o contryvance_n be_v very_o difficult_a and_o the_o hazard_n of_o not_o discover_v being_n very_o great_a i_o conceive_v likeways_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n that_o the_o grant_n of_o a_o personal_a bond_n upon_o which_o the_o estate_n be_v thereafter_o comprise_v from_o the_o mother_n may_v be_v quarrel_v upon_o this_o statute_n for_o else_o the_o law_n may_v be_v easy_o cheat_v and_o the_o statute_n itself_o declare_v all_o deed_n do_v to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o say_n heir_n direct_o or_o indirect_o to_o be_v null_a and_o yet_o since_o the_o mother_n remain_v still_o fire_n notwhithstand_v of_o this_o prohibition_n i_o see_v not_o why_o a_o bond_n and_o comprise_v lead_v thereon_o for_o debt_n true_o owe_v by_o the_o mother_n can_v be_v quarrel_v where_o nothing_o be_v fraudulent_o design_v against_o this_o act_n and_o though_o this_o act_n be_v only_o conceive_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o prior_n marriage_n or_o the_o woman_n heir_n whatsoever_o yet_o i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o this_o act_n will_v not_o militat_fw-la in_o favour_n of_o the_o king_n to_o reduce_v deed_n do_v to_o his_o prejudice_n as_o vltimus_fw-la haeres_fw-la since_o a_o last_o heir_n in_o the_o construction_n of_o law_n be_v a_o true_a heir_n title_n xviii_o bigamy_n 1_o what_o be_v bigamy_n by_o our_o law_n and_o how_o punish_v 2_o why_o bigamy_n be_v not_o punish_v as_o adultery_n 3_o whether_o quaker_n may_v be_v punish_v for_o bigamy_n 4_o whether_o long_a absence_n may_v excuse_v in_o this_o crime_n 5_o whether_o the_o marriage_n sine_fw-la concubitu_fw-la infer_v bigamy_n 6_o whether_o a_o woman_n divorce_v for_o adultery_n marry_v again_o be_v guilty_a of_o bigamy_n that_o a_o man_n may_v marry_v two_o wife_n be_v allow_v by_o many_o nation_n and_o tacitus_n observe_v that_o only_o the_o german_n among_o all_o the_o nation_n be_v content_a with_o one_o but_o no_o nation_n allow_v that_o a_o wife_n shall_v marry_v two_o husband_n which_o be_v do_v either_o because_o man_n be_v the_o only_a legislator_n and_o so_o be_v kind_a to_o themselves_o in_o allow_v themselves_o that_o liberty_n they_o deny_v to_o poor_a woman_n or_o else_o this_o be_v not_o allow_v because_o a_o woman_n marry_v two_o man_n prejudge_v the_o people_n the_o commonwealth_n whereas_o a_o man_n marry_v more_o wife_n be_v advantageous_a for_o it_o and_o the_o law_n say_v that_o more_o chastity_n be_v require_v in_o woman_n then_o in_o man_n and_o man_n be_v by_o nature_n hot_a than_o they_o bigamy_n be_v therefore_o more_o unnatural_a in_o woman_n i._o yet_o in_o our_o law_n either_o a_o man_n marry_v two_o wife_n or_o a_o woman_n marry_v two_o husband_n commit_v bigamy_n and_o this_o be_v account_v by_o the_o 19_o act_n 5._o par._n q._n marry_o a_o breach_n of_o the_o oath_n make_v at_o marriage_n and_o therefore_o be_v punishable_a as_o perjury_n by_o confiscation_n of_o all_o their_o movable_n ward_n of_o their_o person_n for_o year_n and_o day_n and_o long_o during_o the_o queen_n will_n and_o as_o infamous_a person_n never_o to_o bruik_v office_n honour_n dignity_n or_o benefice_n in_o time_n come_v ii_o it_o may_v be_v here_o doubt_v why_o bigamy_n be_v not_o punish_v as_o adultery_n see_v it_o may_v be_v notour_n adultery_n and_o be_v ordinary_o so_o to_o which_o difficulty_n i_o think_v the_o answer_n be_v that_o it_o be_v controvert_v among_o lawyer_n whether_o bigamy_n be_v punishable_a as_o adultery_n or_o as_o stuprum_fw-la or_o fornicatio_fw-la that_o it_o be_v not_o adultery_n they_o contend_v because_o god_n allow_v bigamy_n but_o he_o never_o allow_v adultery_n 2._o many_o nation_n allow_v bigamy_n who_o condemn_v adultery_n and_o l._n 2._o c._n the_o incest_n nupt_n where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o vemini_fw-la licet_fw-la dvas_fw-la vxores_fw-la ducere_fw-la the_o punishment_n of_o adultery_n be_v not_o subjoin_v but_o it_o be_v only_o say_v that_o praefes_fw-la provinciae_fw-la hoc_fw-la inultum_fw-la non_fw-la patietur_fw-la and_o it_o may_v be_v add_v that_o their_o marry_n show_v some_o more_o respect_n to_o the_o law_n then_o adultery_n &_o obfiguram_fw-la matrimonii_fw-la multa_fw-la non_fw-la adeo_fw-la puniuntur_fw-la 3._o when_o bigamy_n be_v by_o this_o act_n declare_v punishable_a only_o as_o perjury_n and_o not_o by_o death_n even_o incorrigible_a and_o manifest_a adulteres_fw-la be_v only_o punishable_a by_o confiscation_n of_o their_o movable_n be_v clear_a as_o by_o the_o subsequent_a act_n and_o the_o act_n against_o notour_n adulterer_n to_o be_v punish_v by_o death_n be_v not_o make_v till_o the_o 9_o the_o parl._n q._n marry_o i_o know_v that_o menoch_n de_fw-fr arb_n case_z 420._o think_v that_o bigamy_n shall_v be_v punish_v as_o adultery_n and_o i_o do_v think_v that_o if_o the_o marriage_n be_v contract_v upon_o design_n
be_v most_o reasonable_a for_o this_o be_v in_o effect_n great_a than_o ordinary_a theft_n because_o these_o thing_n have_v none_o to_o guard_v they_o and_o in_o our_o law_n likewise_o he_o who_o find_v a_o waise_v beast_n which_o have_v stray_v from_o the_o owner_n shall_v cause_n cry_v it_o either_o in_o the_o court_n of_o his_o over-lord_n or_o in_o the_o church_n or_o else_o he_o may_v be_v pursue_v for_o theft_n and_o theft_n be_v likewise_o punishable_a albeit_o the_o person_n be_v not_o know_v from_o who_o the_o thing_n be_v steal_v alex._n concilio_n 23._o and_o yet_o furtum_fw-la non_fw-la fit_a nisi_fw-la sit_fw-la cui_fw-la fiat_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d l._n 43._o §_o 5._o basil_n h._n t._n v._o theft_n be_v divide_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n in_o manifestum_fw-la &_o non_fw-la manifestum_fw-la manifest_a theft_n be_v when_o the_o thief_n himself_o be_v deprehend_v in_o the_o very_a act_n or_o if_o he_o be_v see_v with_o it_o before_o he_o do_v arrive_v at_o the_o place_n to_o which_o he_o do_v destinat_fw-la to_o carry_v it_o theft_n not_o manifest_a be_v when_o either_o the_o thief_n be_v not_o take_v or_o see_v with_o it_o and_o this_o distinction_n have_v in_o my_o opinion_n give_v occasion_n to_o the_o difference_n in_o our_o law_n betwixt_o in-fang-thief_n and_o out-fang-thief_n which_o concern_v only_o the_o jurisdiction_n where_o the_o thief_n be_v punish_v but_o not_o the_o punishment_n itself_o as_o shall_v be_v say_v hereafter_o but_o there_o be_v several_a other_o vestige_v of_o it_o in_o our_o law_n as_o cap._n 21._o l._n 4._o reg._n maj._n it_o be_v say_v that_o he_o who_o be_v take_v with_o nothing_o in_o his_o hand_n may_v purge_v himself_o by_o 27_o man_n and_o three_o thanes_z and_o a_o burgess_n be_v accuse_v of_o manifest_a theft_n may_v purge_v himself_o by_o the_o oath_n of_o twelve_o the_o meaning_n whereof_o be_v that_o he_o shall_v give_v his_o own_o oath_n he_o be_v innocent_a and_o shall_v get_v so_o many_o man_n to_o swear_v that_o they_o believe_v his_o innocence_n and_o this_o manifest_a theft_n be_v call_v theft_n with_o red_a hand_n stat._n orcar_n by_o a_o metaphor_n borrow_v from_o murder_n but_o with_o we_o theft_n may_v be_v divide_v into_o common_a theft_n which_o be_v theft_n so_o proper_o call_v or_o stouth-rife_a which_o be_v violent_a theft_n and_o be_v a_o complex_fw-la of_o theft_n and_o robbery_n and_o receipt_n of_o theft_n which_o distinction_n be_v hint_v at_o in_o all_o our_o law_n but_o most_o special_o 50._o act._n p._n 11._o ja._n 6._o vi_o as_o to_o the_o punishment_n of_o theft_n it_o be_v much_o controvert_v among_o lawyer_n if_o the_o lawgiver_n can_v just_o punish_v theft_n with_o death_n and_o though_o i_o will_v not_o dispute_v the_o power_n of_o prince_n and_o state_n yet_o i_o incline_v to_o think_v that_o for_o simple_a theft_n a_o thief_n shall_v not_o die_v for_o fâ—rst_v we_o find_v by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n to_o which_o as_o the_o scripture_n say_v nothing_o shall_v be_v add_v or_o pair_v theft_n be_v not_o punishable_a by_o death_n nor_o can_v this_o law_n be_v call_v only_o a_o judicial_a law_n fit_v for_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o the_o jew_n for_o that_o it_o be_v a_o moral_a law_n according_a to_o its_o statutory_a part_n forbid_v theft_n appear_v from_o its_o be_v insert_v among_o the_o command_n and_o why_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v so_o as_o to_o its_o sanction_n and_o punishment_n like_o murder_n incest_n and_o these_o other_o crime_n i_o can_v see_v a_o reason_n 2._o we_o see_v that_o some_o theft_n be_v capital_o punish_v as_o be_v the_o steal_a thing_n sacred_a josh._n 7._o and_o theft_n commit_v in_o the_o night_n exod._n 22_o 2._o and_o stealer_n of_o man_n deut._n 21.7_o by_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o god_n almighty_n intend_v not_o that_o single_a theft_n shall_v be_v punish_v by_o death_n 3._o there_o be_v no_o proportion_n betwixt_o the_o life_n of_o a_o man_n and_o any_o money_n for_o all_o that_o a_o man_n have_v will_v he_o give_v for_o his_o life_n 4._o the_o life_n of_o the_o malefactor_n be_v ordinary_o take_v where_o the_o crime_n can_v be_v repair_v as_o in_o murder_n incest_n etc._n etc._n but_o in_o theft_n it_o may_v and_o the_o party_n wrong_v will_v in_o all_o probability_n be_v far_o easy_a secure_v this_o way_n see_v many_o will_n rather_o want_v their_o good_n nor_o have_v a_o man_n life_n take_v many_o thief_n will_v restore_v if_o they_o think_v restoration_n may_v be_v make_v with_o safety_n of_o their_o life_n and_o the_o law_n will_v easy_o sustain_v the_o pusuer_n probation_n if_o the_o event_n be_v only_o to_o reach_v good_n and_o not_o life_n 5._o it_o seem_v absurd_a that_o single_a adultery_n which_o be_v the_o worst_a of_o theft_n see_v the_o husband_n thereby_o be_v rob_v of_o his_o estate_n quiet_a good_a name_n and_o succession_n shall_v not_o be_v punishable_a by_o death_n and_o yet_o theft_n shall_v be_v make_v capital_a and_o that_o theft_n and_o murder_n which_o be_v not_o equal_a crime_n shall_v have_v equal_a punishment_n and_o albeit_o it_o be_v object_v that_o laban_n gen._n 24.9_o do_v vow_n that_o these_o who_o have_v steal_v his_o good_n shall_v be_v punish_v by_o death_n yet_o the_o reason_n in_o that_o case_n will_v appear_v to_o be_v because_o that_o the_o theft_n there_o mention_v be_v sacrilege_n and_o whereas_o david_n oath_n to_o nathan_n be_v that_o he_o who_o have_v steal_v his_o neighbour_n lamb_n shall_v die_v be_v object_v it_o be_v answer_v either_o that_o be_v speak_v in_o passion_n which_o the_o text_n bear_v or_o otherways_o that_o be_v suggest_v by_o a_o special_a providence_n to_o david_n to_o the_o end_n he_o may_v be_v his_o own_o accuser_n nor_o do_v i_o deny_v but_o there_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o communion_n of_o good_n among_o the_o jew_n more_o than_o in_o other_o nation_n as_o appear_v by_o their_o jublee_n by_o their_o not_o take_v pledge_n nor_o anual_a rent_n so_o that_o there_o be_v less_o reason_n to_o make_v theft_n capital_a among_o they_o then_o among_o we_o and_o that_o according_a as_o crime_n grow_v more_o frequent_a the_o punishment_n may_v be_v augment_v but_o i_o deny_v that_o they_o shall_v be_v soaugment_v that_o suitable_a proportion_n shall_v not_o be_v keep_v and_o it_o be_v know_v from_o experience_n that_o many_o man_n fear_v hang_v less_o than_o be_v constant_o keep_v in_o correction-house_n or_o in_o the_o place_n where_o they_o may_v be_v keep_v work_v as_o they_o do_v in_o holland_n for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n vii_o to_o descend_v then_o to_o our_o law_n the_o custom_n be_v that_o the_o justice_n do_v sometime_o hang_v even_o for_o very_o small_a fault_n as_o thomas_n neilson_n for_o steal_v a_o horse_n 10_o december_n 1661._o watson_n hang_v for_o steal_v 40._o sheep_n though_o there_o be_v no_o probation_n against_o he_o but_o his_o own_o confession_n and_o though_o he_o have_v restore_v â—he_n thing_n steal_v sometime_o by_o banishment_n as_o richard_n lauder_n 6._o febr._n 1639._o and_o alexander_n cumming_n and_o john_n tailor_n 25._o febr._n 1639._o sometime_o they_o be_v drown_v as_o griselda_n mathow_n for_o steal_v a_o coffer_n with_o writ_n 23._o june_n 1599_o sometime_o scourge_v as_o james_n wilson_n 7._o feb._n 1608._o sometime_o they_o be_v hang_v in_o chain_n if_o they_o be_v notorious_a thief_n as_o patrick_n roy_fw-fr macgrigor_n may._n 1668._o etc._n etc._n it_o be_v think_v that_o de_fw-fr jure_fw-la there_o be_v no_o law_n in_o scotland_n for_o hang_v a_o man_n for_o theft_n which_o be_v a_o great_a mistake_n for_o leg._n burgorum_n cap._n 121._o it_o be_v say_v if_o a_o thief_n be_v take_v with_o bread_n worth_a a_o farthing_n and_o from_o one_o farthing_n to_o four_o he_o shall_v be_v scourge_v for_o four_o farthing_n he_o shall_v be_v put_v in_o the_o jogg_n and_o banish_v from_o four_o to_o eight_o he_o shall_v loose_v a_o ear_n and_o if_o that_o same_o thief_n be_v thereafter_o taâ—â—â—_n with_o eight_o penny_n he_o shall_v be_v hang_v but_o if_o any_o thief_n shall_v be_v take_v with_o 32._o penny_n and_o a_o farthing_n he_o may_v be_v hang_v 2._o by_o the_o 7._o act_n stat_fw-la da._n 2.13_o ch_n and_o cap._n 13._o l._n 4._o reg._n maj._n one_o defame_v for_o theft_n who_o can_v find_v caution_n shall_v be_v hang_v &_o cap._n 16._o it_o be_v say_v that_o no_o man_n can_v be_v hang_v for_o less_o than_o two_o sheep_n and_o by_o the_o law_n likeways_o of_o birthinseck_n a_o thief_n shall_v not_o die_v for_o as_o much_o meat_n as_o he_o can_v carry_v upon_o his_o back_n and_o cap._n 18._o a_o thief_n be_v hang_v and_o fall_v from_o the_o gallow_n be_v no_o more_o to_o be_v punish_v all_o which_o imply_v clear_o that_o theft_n be_v of_o
its_o own_o nature_n punishable_a by_o death_n 3._o by_o the_o 82._o act_n i._o 6._o p._n 11._o stealer_n of_o pleugh_n graith_n or_o breaker_n of_o miâ—nes_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v therefore_o to_o the_o death_n as_o thief_n but_o because_o our_o practic_n be_v in_o this_o a_o little_a arbitrary_a and_o uncertain_a it_o will_v be_v fit_a to_o know_v that_o theft_n in_o scotland_n be_v either_o pursue_v by_o accusation_n which_o be_v at_o the_o instance_n of_o a_o private_a accuser_n or_o by_o way_n of_o indictment_n which_o be_v at_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o procurator-fiskal_a if_o the_o pursuit_n be_v intent_a by_o way_n of_o accusation_n it_o may_v be_v judge_v by_o baron_n have_v power_n of_o pitt_n and_o gallow_n or_o as_o our_o charter_n call_v foffa_o &_o furca_fw-la or_o by_o sheriff_n but_o if_o it_o be_v pursue_v by_o way_n of_o indictment_n the_o cognition_n thereof_o belong_v to_o the_o justice_n reg._n maj._n cap._n 1._o num._n 7._o but_o this_o distinction_n be_v not_o well_o observe_v for_o the_o sheriff_n do_v proceed_v to_o judge_v theft_n even_o by_o citation_n &_o though_o the_o thief_n be_v not_o take_v with_o with_o the_o fang_n which_o be_v certain_o a_o error_n for_o all_o process_n upon_o citation_n against_o a_o thief_n shall_v belong_v to_o the_o justice_n viii_o in_o the_o procedor_fw-la before_o these_o inferior_a court_n they_o do_v not_o condemn_v to_o death_n except_o upon_o three_o theft_n or_o that_o the_o person_n be_v take_v with_o fang_n and_o he_o be_v likewise_o famosus_fw-la fur_n as_o to_o the_o three_o theft_n i_o find_v no_o express_a law_n for_o it_o only_o stat_fw-la da._n 2._o cap._n 17._o where_o it_o be_v say_v if_o a_o thief_n be_v defame_v at_o three_o baron_n court_n and_o want_v a_o pledge_n or_o cautioner_n than_o he_o may_v be_v hang_v or_o if_o he_o be_v defame_v and_o cite_v in_o two_o court_n or_o in_o one_o and_o be_v of_o ill_a fame_n likewise_o or_o as_o we_o say_v there_o be_v public_a bruit_n and_o open_a fame_n that_o he_o be_v a_o thief_n than_o he_o may_v be_v hang_v but_o simple_a fame_n be_v say_v there_o not_o to_o be_v sufficient_a to_o infer_v death_n except_o that_o ill_a fame_n be_v find_v by_o a_o assize_n upon_o oath_n yet_o this_o be_v now_o absolet_n for_o fame_n be_v in_o no_o case_n sufficient_a to_o infer_v death_n as_o to_o the_o three_o theft_n i_o find_v the_o civilian_n relate_v that_o the_o three_o theâ—t_n by_o the_o statutory_a law_n of_o most_o place_n be_v capital_a and_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v ground_v upon_o very_o good_a reason_n for_o he_o who_o be_v oft_o find_v commit_v the_o same_o crime_n be_v presume_v by_o the_o law_n to_o design_n to_o make_v it_o a_o trade_n ang._n ad_fw-la l._n 8._o devi_fw-la publica_fw-la where_o the_o commit_n of_o theft_n twice_o infer_v this_o presumption_n the_o law_n of_o holland_n provide_v that_o a_o thief_n shall_v be_v hang_v for_o the_o three_o theft_n except_o it_o seem_v otherways_o just_a to_o the_o judge_n because_o of_o his_o age_n or_o any_o other_o pregnant_a reason_n and_o ordinary_o three_o small_a theft_n be_v by_o matheus_n say_v not_o to_o be_v construe_v such_o according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o holland_n as_o deserve_v death_n the_o civilian_n do_v upon_o supposition_n that_o the_o three_o theft_n be_v capital_a conclude_v that_o these_o three_o theft_n shall_v be_v distinct_a even_o as_o to_o to_o the_o time_n and_o that_o he_o be_v to_o be_v punish_v with_o death_n for_o the_o three_o theft_n though_o he_o have_v be_v former_o punish_v for_o both_o the_o other_o two_o or_o though_o the_o former_a two_o have_v be_v remit_v to_o he_o by_o the_o prince_n and_o albeit_o they_o use_v many_o distinction_n for_o clear_v whether_o a_o thief_n shall_v be_v hang_v for_o the_o three_o theft_n where_o the_o first_o two_o be_v not_o commit_v within_o his_o territory_n or_o jurisdiction_n and_o so_o can_v not_o be_v punish_v by_o he_o yet_o since_o capital_a punishment_n be_v not_o infer_v by_o a_o statute_n against_o the_o three_o theft_n but_o that_o the_o three_o theft_n be_v only_o punishable_a with_o death_n because_o the_o committer_n be_v presume_v to_o be_v irreclaimable_a therefore_o i_o think_v that_o where_o ever_o the_o theft_n be_v commit_v yet_o for_o the_o three_o theft_n the_o thief_n shall_v be_v hang_v for_o albeit_o there_o be_v no_o express_a statute_n for_o that_o with_o we_o yet_o see_v gomesius_n chasaneus_n and_o other_o famous_a lawyer_n attest_v this_o to_o be_v the_o general_a custom_n of_o the_o world_n i_o think_v it_o shall_v be_v follow_v by_o our_o sheriff_n and_o inferior_a judge_n who_o be_v determine_v by_o that_o number_n have_v some_o certain_a rule_n whereby_o they_o may_v be_v both_o limit_v and_o warrand_v which_o be_v much_o safe_a than_o that_o they_o shall_v be_v allow_v scop_n to_o break_v out_o into_o the_o extreme_n of_o either_o cruelty_n or_o cowardliness_n the_o law_n of_o england_n divide_v theft_n or_o larcenry_n into_o petty_a larcenry_n when_o the_o thing_n steal_v exceed_v not_o twelve_o penny_n and_o its_o punishment_n extend_v not_o to_o death_n and_o grand_a larcenry_n when_o it_o exceed_v twelve_o penny_n wherein_o the_o thief_n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n except_o he_o be_v save_v by_o the_o book_n and_o if_o one_o steal_v to_o the_o value_n of_o six_o penny_n at_o one_o time_n and_o six_o penny_n at_o another_o time_n than_o he_o be_v guilty_a of_o death_n but_o if_o two_o steal_v to_o the_o value_n of_o eighten_v penny_n joint_o each_o be_v guilty_a common_a bruit_n and_o open_a fame_n of_o be_v a_o ordinary_a thief_n be_v likewise_o a_o good_a ground_n of_o make_v theft_n puishable_a by_o death_n the_o thief_n be_v take_v with_o the_o fang_n &_o high_a fures_fw-la famosi_fw-la sive_fw-la infamati_fw-la de_fw-la pluribus_fw-la furtis_fw-la be_v ordinary_o hang_v likewise_o as_o be_v clear_a by_o clarus_n num._n 8._o hoc_fw-la tit_n menoch_n arbitrariis_fw-la casu_fw-la 295._o and_o it_o be_v sufficient_a that_o witness_n depon_n of_o their_o credulity_n and_o that_o they_o be_v inform_v by_o other_o our_o law_n call_v such_o de_fw-fr famiati_fw-la de_fw-fr latrocinio_fw-la and_o if_o he_o can_v find_v caution_n the_o old_a law_n appoint_v that_o he_o shall_v be_v proceed_v against_o as_o if_o he_o be_v a_o prove_v thief_n for_o latro_fw-la defamatus_fw-la &_o latro_fw-la probatus_fw-la be_v still_o aequipollent_a in_o our_o law_n but_o i_o think_v these_o law_n too_o severe_a and_o they_o be_v not_o in_o use_n ix_o as_o to_o the_o procedor_fw-la of_o the_o justice_n it_o be_v because_o their_o power_n be_v more_o eminent_a that_o they_o be_v allow_v to_o be_v more_o arbitrary_a but_o i_o think_v the_o distinction_n allow_v by_o civilian_n will_v be_v very_o reasonable_a which_o be_v that_o in_o furto_fw-la simplici_fw-la in_o simple_a theft_n the_o pain_n of_o death_n shall_v never_o be_v impose_v but_o in_o qualify_a theft_n if_o the_o quality_n be_v such_o as_o agredge_v the_o crime_n very_o much_o which_o aggravation_n be_v either_o take_v from_o the_o thing_n itself_o that_o be_v steal_v as_o in_o our_o statute_n the_o stealer_n of_o pleugh-graith_a cutter_n and_o destroyer_n of_o pleugh_n and_o pleugh-graith_a in_o the_o time_n of_o tell_v and_o cutter_n and_o destroyer_n of_o grow_a tree_n or_o breaker_n of_o milnes_n or_o of_o lead_v coâ—ns_n or_o fuel_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v to_o the_o death_n as_o thief_n 82._o act._n 11._o p._n i._n 6_o and_o hocheâ—s_n and_o killer_n of_o ox_n horse_n and_o other_o cattle_n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n and_o confiscation_n of_o moveable_n as_o well_o committer_n as_o recepter_n act._n 110._o p._n ja._n 6._o and_o upon_o this_o act_n be_v hang_v for_o kill_v drumlanerk_n sheep_n 20._o feb._n 1666._o albeit_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o that_o act_n be_v only_o to_o be_v extend_v to_o labour_a cattle_n nota_fw-la this_o be_v a_o case_n wherein_o theft_n may_v be_v commit_v without_o carry_v any_o thing_n away_o for_o the_o do_v of_o these_o wrong_n without_o carry_v away_o the_o thing_n wrong_v be_v constant_o declare_v to_o be_v theft_n &_o per_fw-la constitutionem_fw-la frederici_fw-la secundi_fw-la de_fw-la stat_fw-la §_o agricultores_fw-la the_o steal_a pleugh_n graith_o be_v punish_v as_o a_o particular_a crime_n x._o herdship_n likewise_o which_o be_v the_o driving_z away_o a_o great_a many_o cattle_n call_v by_o the_o civilian_n crimen_fw-la abigeatus_fw-la be_v likewise_o by_o the_o law_n of_o all_o nation_n and_o particular_o by_o we_o punish_v with_o death_n but_o though_o lex_fw-la prima_fw-la dig_v de_fw-fr abigeat_fw-la say_v that_o abigei_fw-la ad_fw-la gladium_fw-la dentur_fw-la yet_o matheus_n do_v interpret_v that_o not_o to_o be_v mean_v de_fw-fr ultimo_fw-la supplicio_fw-la but_o only_o de_fw-fr ludo_fw-la gladiatorio_n and_o with_o this_o agree_v l
buy_v and_o present_o sell_v or_o within_o four_o mile_n of_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v buy_v for_o the_o crime_n in_o this_o case_n be_v infer_v from_o the_o speciality_n of_o time_n and_o place_n it_o be_v allege_v that_o confiscation_n of_o movable_n can_v not_o be_v infer_v though_o for_o the_o three_o and_o four_o fault_n except_o the_o panel_n have_v be_v convict_v for_o the_o first_o two_n which_o be_v spell_v likewise_o because_o the_o king_n can_v not_o be_v prejudge_v in_o his_o interest_n quo_fw-la ad_fw-la the_o confiscation_n by_o the_o negligence_n of_o his_o advocate_n or_o any_o private_a informer_n by_o not_o pursue_v nor_o can_v that_o negligence_n purge_v their_o guilt_n or_o procure_v they_o a_o impunity_n and_o it_o be_v absurd_a see_v crime_n and_o punishment_n be_v to_o be_v commensurat_fw-la that_o these_o who_o have_v continue_v in_o that_o guilt_n for_o many_o year_n shall_v be_v no_o more_o punish_v than_o these_o who_o have_v but_o once_o incur_v the_o same_o title_n xxiv_o usury_n 1._o in_o what_o contract_v usury_n may_v be_v commit_v 2._o the_o take_n of_o more_o annualrent_a than_o the_o quota_fw-la state_v by_o law_n be_v the_o first_o branch_n of_o usury_n 3._o the_o second_o be_v to_o take_v annualrent_n before_o the_o term_n of_o payment_n 4._o the_o three_o be_v to_o take_v wodset_n in_o defraud_n of_o the_o law_n 5._o whether_o a_o clause_n not_o to_o redeem_v for_o a_o long_a time_n be_v usury_n 6._o the_o probation_n of_o this_o crime_n 7._o the_o punishment_n of_o it_o usury_n be_v that_o crime_n which_o be_v commit_v by_o take_v more_o annualrent_a for_o any_o sum_n lend_v than_o what_o be_v allow_v by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n i._o this_o crime_n be_v commit_v proper_o in_o money_n &_o in_o mutuo_fw-la but_o yet_o it_o be_v both_o by_o our_o law_n and_o the_o civil_a and_o canon_n law_n extend_v to_o other_o contract_n for_o with_o we_o it_o be_v commit_v in_o bargain_n of_o victual_n or_o tack_n as_o shall_v be_v clear_v by_o the_o subsequent_a act_n and_o therefore_o lawyer_n divide_v usury_n into_o that_o which_o they_o call_v direct_v usury_n quae_fw-la obtinet_fw-la tantum_fw-la in_o mutuo_fw-la and_o indirect_a usury_n which_o take_v place_n in_o other_o contract_n usury_n be_v also_o divide_v in_o usuram_fw-la manifestam_fw-la &_o velatam_fw-la which_o coincides_a almost_o with_o the_o former_a distinction_n by_o our_o old_a law_n usury_n can_v not_o have_v be_v pursue_v in_o the_o usurer_n own_o life_n but_o he_o may_v have_v repent_v he_o of_o it_o at_o any_o time_n before_o his_o death_n so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o commission_n of_o the_o crime_n but_o the_o continuance_n in_o it_o which_o be_v punishable_a but_o if_o he_o repent_v not_o his_o heir_n may_v be_v forefault_v l._n 2._o reg._n maj._n cap._n 24._o and_o this_o skeen_n observe_v to_o be_v consonant_n to_o the_o law_n of_o england_n whereby_o the_o penalty_n of_o a_o live_a usurer_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n but_o of_o a_o dead_a usurer_n to_o the_o church_n ii_o the_o true_a method_n in_o this_o title_n be_v to_o clear_v the_o several_a kind_n of_o usury_n determine_v by_o our_o statute_n the_o first_o species_n thereof_o be_v whoever_o receive_v more_o annualrent_a than_o ten_o for_o each_o hundred_o shall_v be_v punish_v as_o ockerer_n or_o usurer_n conform_v to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n already_o make_v par._n 11._o k._n ja._n 6._o cap._n 52._o and_o yet_o i_o find_v no_o prior_n law_n to_o this_o express_v the_o punishment_n of_o usury_n only_o it_o be_v say_v par._n 6._o ja._n 2._o act_n 23._o that_o keeper_n of_o victual_n to_o a_o dearth_n shall_v be_v punish_v as_o ockerer_n and_o this_o be_v proper_o usury_n by_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1649._o it_o be_v appoint_v that_o the_o annualrent_a of_o money_n shall_v be_v at_o six_o per_fw-la cent_n conform_v to_o which_o act_n all_o annualrent_n be_v pay_v in_o scotland_n till_o 1661._o at_o which_o time_n the_o parliament_n 1649._o be_v rescind_v whereupon_o it_o be_v debate_v in_o hugh_n roxburghs_n case_n march_z 23._o 1668._o whether_o the_o take_n of_o more_o annualrent_n than_o six_o per_fw-la cent_n after_o the_o year_n 1649._o can_v infer_v usury_n and_o that_o it_o can_v not_o be_v urge_v from_o these_o reason_n 1._o that_o where_o there_o be_v no_o law_n there_o can_v be_v no_o contempt_n but_o so_o it_o be_v that_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1649._o be_v no_o law_n that_o parliament_n be_v rescind_v ob_fw-la defectum_fw-la authoritatis_fw-la and_o without_o any_o salvo_fw-la as_o to_o what_o be_v pass_v 2._o the_o liedge_n may_v as_o well_o be_v punish_v now_o for_o transgress_v the_o penal_a statute_n make_v by_o the_o usurper_n see_v these_o be_v bind_v the_o time_n of_o the_o transgression_n and_o both_o want_n authority_n equal_o 3._o by_o the_o act_n betwixt_o debtor_n and_o creditor_n 1._o session_n 1._o parl._n k._n ch._n 2._o such_o paction_n be_v only_o declare_v usurious_a quo_fw-la ad_fw-la futura_fw-la &_o inclusio_fw-la unius_fw-la est_fw-la exclusio_fw-la altetius_fw-la to_o this_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o the_o parliament_n 1649._o be_v in_o vigour_n till_o the_o year_n 1661._o ergo_fw-la before_o that_o time_n it_o be_v usury_n to_o take_v more_o than_o the_o annualrent_a therein_o prohibit_v and_o albeit_o the_o defect_n of_o authority_n may_v be_v plead_v where_o the_o crime_n commit_v depend_v mere_o upon_o the_o authority_n controvert_v yet_o in_o this_o case_n it_o can_v not_o see_v usury_n be_v a_o crime_n which_o be_v prohibit_v by_o all_o law_n and_o as_o to_o the_o quota_fw-la which_o be_v all_o that_o be_v determine_v by_o the_o parliament_n 1649._o it_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n as_o concern_v the_o rebellion_n for_o which_o that_o parliament_n be_v rescind_v but_o be_v a_o reasonable_a and_o universal_a good_a for_o the_o kingdom_n and_o approve_v by_o the_o present_a parliament_n and_o those_o who_o take_v annualrent_a during_o that_o time_n at_o more_o than_o six_o per_fw-la cent_n do_v in_o so_o far_o oppress_v their_o debtor_n beyond_o other_o and_o so_o shall_v be_v punish_v 2._o by_o the_o act_n anent_o penal_a statute_n 1661._o usury_n be_v except_v from_o the_o penal_a statute_n therein_o abridge_v which_o need_v not_o if_o the_o take_v more_o than_o six_o per_fw-la cent_n for_o the_o year_n immediate_o precede_v have_v not_o be_v usury_n 3._o the_o lord_n of_o session_n do_v still_o restrict_n the_o annualrent_n even_o during_o these_o year_n to_o six_o per_fw-la cent_n which_o they_o can_v not_o have_v do_v if_o that_o law_n have_v not_o warrant_v they_o as_o in_o the_o case_n betwixt_o wauchop_n and_o lawder_n 1665._o for_o if_o that_o act_n be_v in_o force_n then_o it_o be_v a_o crime_n to_o take_v more_o than_o be_v therein_o command_v if_o it_o be_v not_o abrogate_a then_o the_o former_a act_n 1648._o appoint_v eight_o per_n cent_n be_v in_o vigour_n and_o so_o the_o lord_n can_v not_o restrict_n the_o annualrent_a to_o six_o against_o a_o express_a law_n this_o case_n be_v not_o decide_v but_o the_o justice_n incline_v to_o think_v that_o though_o the_o act_n 1649._o be_v abrogate_a yet_o it_o be_v a_o sufficient_a warrant_n to_o regulat_fw-la the_o decision_n of_o civil_a case_n because_o all_o bargain_n be_v then_o make_v with_o respect_n to_o the_o quota_fw-la thereby_o determine_v &_o erat_fw-la lex_fw-la habita_fw-la &_o reputata_fw-la but_o that_o be_v abrogate_a it_o can_v not_o find_v sufficient_o a_o criminal_a action_n to_o infer_v so_o severe_a a_o punishment_n as_o that_o of_o usury_n for_o a_o crime_n be_v main_o such_o because_o authority_n be_v contemn_v and_o contempt_n be_v the_o essence_n of_o a_o crime_n but_o so_o it_o be_v there_o can_v be_v no_o contempt_n where_o there_o be_v no_o authority_n but_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o a_o merchant_n who_o be_v to_o employ_v his_o stock_n upon_o merchandise_n whereby_o he_o may_v have_v get_v far_o more_o than_o the_o annualrent_a of_o his_o stock_n shall_v at_o the_o desire_n of_o his_o friend_n then_o in_o great_a strait_n lend_v he_o his_o money_n for_o more_o than_o the_o ordinar_n profit_n if_o in_o that_o case_n he_o can_v be_v punishable_a as_o a_o usurer_n and_o albeit_o our_o law_n be_v general_a yet_o here_o ab_fw-la est_fw-la animus_n faenerandi_fw-la and_o there_o be_v no_o advantage_n take_v of_o the_o debtor_n necessity_n for_o which_o usury_n be_v main_o punishable_a and_o i_o find_v that_o abbas_n c._n naviganti_fw-la de_fw-fr usur_fw-fr num_fw-la 13._o &_o socin_n tract_n de_fw-fr usur_fw-fr num_fw-la 75._o do_v conclude_v this_o to_o be_v no_o usury_n yet_o i_o know_v that_o some_o judicious_a lawyer_n with_o we_o do_v at_o a_o consultation_n upon_o this_o same_o case_n conclude_v that_o the_o justice_n can_v not_o receive_v this_o exception_n see_v
word_n may_v comprehend_v negligence_n be_v to_o be_v put_v from_o his_o office_n for_o three_o year_n if_o he_o be_v a_o heritable_a officer_n and_o if_o he_o be_v not_o heritable_a he_o lose_v his_o office_n which_o distinction_n i_o find_v also_o observe_v by_o bald._n ad_fw-la l._n manicipia_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr seru._n fugit_fw-la where_o he_o say_v that_o pro_fw-la negligentia_fw-la judex_fw-la removetur_fw-la ab_fw-la officio_fw-la sed_fw-la hoc_fw-la non_fw-la tenet_fw-la in_o judice_fw-la perpetuo_fw-la and_o farin_n q._n 3._o n._n 423._o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o majores_fw-la officiales_fw-la non_fw-la removetur_fw-la sed_fw-la minores_fw-la facile_fw-la removeri_fw-la possunt_fw-la title_n xxvi_o deforcement_n 1._o to_o who_o be_v the_o execution_n of_o law_n commit_v by_o the_o roman_n and_o to_o who_o by_o our_o law_n 2._o what_o be_v deforcement_n and_o what_o be_v the_o several_a degree_n thereof_o 3._o the_o messenger_n must_v have_v his_o blazon_n and_o give_v a_o execution_n of_o deforcement_n 4._o whether_o may_v a_o messenger_n be_v deforce_v who_o want_v his_o caption_n or_o transgress_v his_o power_n 5._o what_o witness_n can_v prove_v a_o deforcement_n or_o if_o the_o messenger_n execution_n can_v prove_v it_o 6._o these_o who_o deforce_o may_v be_v pursue_v civil_o for_o the_o debt_n have_v be_v only_a the_o idea_n or_o picture_n of_o justice_n but_o execution_n be_v its_o life_n and_o though_o those_o who_o have_v the_o execution_n of_o law_n and_o sentence_n commit_v to_o they_o be_v rank_v but_o among_o the_o low_a servant_n of_o justice_n yet_o they_o have_v the_o happiness_n to_o be_v these_o who_o complete_a that_o great_a work_n and_o among_o who_o hand_n it_o become_v perfect_a and_o therefore_o the_o law_n have_v commit_v its_o most_o excellent_a part_n to_o they_o it_o shall_v be_v and_o be_v in_o a_o most_o eminent_a way_n careful_a of_o they_o and_o in_o provide_v for_o their_o safety_n it_o secure_v its_o own_o honour_n i._o the_o execution_n of_o sentence_n be_v commit_v among_o the_o roman_n to_o the_o apparitor_n mention_v of_o the_o codex_fw-la in_o three_o several_a title_n and_o these_o be_v erect_v in_o a_o college_n which_o be_v style_v collegium_fw-la or_o familia_fw-la apparitorum_fw-la as_o our_o herald_n be_v in_o a_o fraternity_n by_o the_o 125._o act._n parliament_n 12._o k._n i._n 6._o the_o italian_a doctor_n call_v they_o now_o beroarii_fw-la so_o that_o these_o who_o will_v know_v what_o the_o doctor_n hold_v in_o case_n of_o deforcement_n must_v look_v to_o the_o index_n at_o these_o word_n according_a to_o the_o roman_a law_n it_o be_v a_o species_n of_o laesae-majestie_n to_o resist_v the_o execution_n of_o sentence_n l_o quisquis_fw-la ad_fw-la l._n jub_n maje_v l._n julianus_n ff_n de_fw-fr officio_fw-la ejus_fw-la cui_fw-la mandata_fw-la est_fw-la jurisdictio_fw-la and_o guid._n pap._n quest_n 557._o observe_n that_o from_o these_o law_n do_v rise_v the_o practic_a of_o france_n qua_fw-la puniuntur_fw-la capitaliter_fw-la verberantes_fw-la apparitores_fw-la in_o exe_v cutione_n officii_fw-la nam_fw-la qui_fw-la mandata_fw-la principum_fw-la exaequuntur_fw-la videntur_fw-la vivae_fw-la principium_fw-la imagine_v ac_fw-la adeo_fw-la graviter_fw-la puniri_fw-la debent_fw-la ac_fw-la injuriante_n statuas_n principum_fw-la with_o we_o the_o execution_n of_o sentence_n be_v commit_v to_o herald_n pursuivant_n messenger_n macer_n and_o the_o execution_n of_o sentence_n of_o inferior_a court_n to_o the_o respective_a officer_n of_o these_o court_n and_o the_o resist_a beat_v or_o wound_v of_o these_o in_o the_o execution_n of_o their_o office_n be_v in_o our_o law_n that_o crime_n which_o we_o call_v deforcement_n leg._n burgal_n cap._n 135._o ii_o deforcement_n then_o be_v define_v to_o be_v that_o crime_n which_o be_v commit_v in_o oppose_a macer_n messenger_n or_o any_o other_o who_o use_v to_o execute_v sentence_n whilst_o they_o be_v execute_v their_o office_n and_o upon_o that_o account_n so_o that_o if_o either_o the_o officer_n be_v not_o in_o execution_n of_o his_o office_n or_o if_o the_o officer_n be_v beat_v upon_o any_o other_o account_n as_o if_o a_o scuffle_n shall_v arise_v occasion_v unjust_o by_o himself_o this_o will_v not_o infer_v a_o deforcement_n as_o shall_v be_v say_v hereafter_o though_o this_o crime_n be_v among_o the_o most_o attrocious_a because_o the_o king_n and_o sovereign_a power_n be_v in_o their_o person_n despise_v and_o therefore_o this_o crime_n be_v call_v dispectus_fw-la regis_fw-la stat_fw-la williel_n cap._n 4._o verse_n 5._o and_o justice_n be_v after_o much_o pain_n take_v by_o the_o judge_n and_o expense_n lay_v out_o by_o the_o party_n disappoint_v yet_o it_o be_v only_o punish_v by_o confiscation_n of_o moveable_n and_o a_o arbitrary_a imprisonment_n and_o the_o one_o half_a of_o the_o movable_n so_o escheat_v fall_v to_o the_o king_n and_o the_o other_o half_a to_o the_o party_n at_o who_o instance_n the_o letter_n be_v execute_v i._o 6._o p._n 12._o cap._n 150._o the_o word_n whereof_o be_v if_o a_o officer_n of_o arm_n or_o sheriff_n in_o that_o part_n or_o other_o person_n whatsoever_o be_v deforce_v molest_a invade_v or_o pursue_v to_o the_o effusion_n of_o their_o blood_n by_o any_o person_n or_o person_n who_o they_o shall_v summon_v or_o other_o of_o his_o cause_v and_o command_n the_o time_n he_o be_v execute_v of_o any_o summons_n letter_n or_o precept_n direct_v by_o his_o highness_n or_o other_o judge_n that_o he_o shall_v loss_n etc._n etc._n from_o which_o act_n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v 1._o that_o deforcement_n be_v commit_v by_o trouble_v of_o any_o officer_n belong_v to_o any_o court_n 2._o that_o those_o word_n to_o effusion_n of_o their_o blood_n seem_v to_o be_v a_o quality_n put_v in_o a_o sentence_n by_o itself_o and_o so_o may_v be_v think_v to_o relate_v to_o all_o the_o former_a word_n molest_v invade_v or_o pursue_v yet_o the_o word_n of_o the_o act_n be_v only_o wrong_v point_v and_o these_o word_n or_o pursue_v to_o the_o effusion_n of_o their_o blood_n shall_v all_o be_v put_v in_o one_o sentence_n for_o de_fw-fr practica_fw-la simple_a oppose_a or_o molest_v the_o messenger_n though_o without_o blood_n will_v infer_v a_o deforcement_n 2._o though_o by_o the_o act_n it_o will_v seem_v only_o these_o against_o who_o letter_n and_o charge_n be_v raise_v or_o such_o as_o they_o hound_n out_o can_v be_v guilty_a of_o deforcement_n yet_o if_o any_o other_o do_v deforce_o a_o messenger_n though_o they_o be_v neither_o the_o party_n interest_v themselves_o or_o hound_v out_o by_o they_o yet_o they_o be_v likewise_o guilty_a of_o deforcement_n as_o be_v clear_a by_o the_o 4._o cap._n stat_fw-la williell_n vers_fw-la 1._o and_o by_o the_o 84._o act_n 11._o parliament_n k._n i._n 6._o and_o see_v the_o crime_n lie_v in_o the_o opposition_n to_o the_o messenger_n whoever_o be_v guilty_a of_o that_o act_n commit_v this_o crime_n 3._o though_o this_o act_n make_v only_o cause_v or_o command_v a_o crime_n yet_o certain_o if_o any_o person_n interest_v do_v ratihabit_fw-la the_o deforcement_n commit_v by_o any_o other_o person_n by_o either_o give_v he_o good_a deed_n or_o by_o receive_v his_o letter_n or_o blazon_n take_v from_o he_o he_o be_v eo_fw-la ipso_fw-la guilty_a of_o deforcement_n as_o the_o council_n find_v in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o seafort_n against_o the_o lord_n mackdonald_n anno_fw-la 1669._o upon_o full_a debate_n in_o which_o 〈…〉_z lord_n in_o the_o highland_n shall_v be_v liable_a for_o deforcement_n commit_v upon_o the_o ground_n if_o they_o do_v not_o deliver_v up_o the_o offender_n 4._o though_o the_o execution_n be_v disappoint_v and_o stop_v yet_o be_v declare_v by_o the_o parliament_n to_o be_v as_o sufficient_a as_o perfect_v and_o it_o be_v unjust_a that_o the_o party_n have_v do_v all_o that_o in_o he_o say_v that_o the_o disappointment_n eo_fw-la casu_fw-la shall_v be_v prejudicial_a to_o he_o 5._o see_v the_o punishment_n of_o this_o act_n be_v only_a confiscation_n of_o movable_n and_o imprisonment_n whereas_o by_o the_o act_n 84.11_o parl._n k._n i._n 6._o the_o life_n and_o good_n of_o the_o offender_n be_v to_o be_v in_o the_o king_n will_v it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o the_o judge_n may_v punish_v by_o either_o of_o the_o act_n see_v the_o last_o do_v not_o express_o abrogat_fw-la the_o first_o or_o whether_o both_o shall_v stand_v in_o vigour_n and_o force_n concern_v which_o question_n the_o general_a lawyer_n have_v very_o many_o learned_a debate_n but_o the_o most_o solid_a and_o approven_v conclusion_n be_v that_o when_o a_o crime_n be_v punish_v by_o several_a pain_n in_o several_a law_n or_o act_n which_o act_n do_v not_o derogat_v one_o from_o another_o express_o that_o it_o be_v in_o the_o election_n of_o the_o judge_n to_o punish_v the_o delinquent_n by_o either_o of_o the_o pain_n l._n quoties_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr actionibus_fw-la &_o obligationibus_fw-la but_o
the_o judge_n make_v election_n of_o one_o of_o the_o pain_n can_v thereafter_o make_v use_n of_o the_o other_o l._n ff_o senatus_fw-la de_fw-la acusationibus_fw-la vid._n cabal_n resol_fw-it criminal_a cap._n 3._o where_o this_o general_a question_n be_v full_o handle_v and_o to_o the_o consideration_n there_o adduce_v by_o he_o i_o will_v add_v this_o that_o where_o there_o be_v several_a punishment_n appint_v by_o law_n whereof_o the_o one_o derogat_n not_o from_o the_o other_o that_o the_o judge_n shall_v follow_v that_o of_o the_o two_o which_o be_v most_o in_o use_n and_o therefore_o see_v confiscation_n of_o moveable_n and_o imprisonment_n be_v always_o use_v in_o this_o case_n that_o punishment_n shall_v be_v certain_o follow_v by_o the_o juge_n for_o since_o custom_n may_v antiquat_v law_n and_o be_v a_o warrant_n for_o a_o judge_n to_o proceed_v criminal_o where_o there_o be_v no_o law_n it_o shall_v much_o more_o determine_v betwixt_o two_o law_n which_o of_o they_o shall_v be_v follow_v but_o there_o be_v the_o less_o difficulty_n in_o this_o case_n that_o none_o of_o the_o act_n make_v deforcement_n to_o be_v capital_a and_o these_o word_n that_o their_o life_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o king_n will_v do_v not_o infer_v de_fw-fr jure_fw-la the_o pain_n of_o death_n as_o be_v elsewhere_o full_o debate_v but_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o their_o person_n may_v not_o likewise_o be_v punishable_a see_v not_o only_a by_o the_o former_a act_n be_v their_o life_n to_o be_v in_o the_o king_n will_v but_o likewise_o by_o the_o seven_o act_n 17._o parliament_n i._o 6._o it_o be_v declare_v that_o deforcement_n of_o officer_n shall_v be_v punish_v by_o the_o escheat_n of_o their_o movable_a good_n and_o punishment_n of_o their_o person_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o before_o so_o that_o there_o be_v geminatio_fw-la legum_fw-la which_o make_v the_o law_n much_o strong_a and_o i_o remember_v that_o some_o sea_n man_n in_o bruntisland_n have_v row_v off_o their_o 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make_v private_a person_n and_o such_o also_o as_o be_v interest_v judge_n to_o the_o justice_n of_o what_o be_v do_v against_o themselves_o 2._o nunquam_fw-la recurrendum_fw-la est_fw-la ad_fw-la remedium_fw-la extraordinarium_fw-la quamdiu_fw-la locus_fw-la est_fw-la ordinario_fw-la but_o so_o it_o be_v that_o if_o a_o messenger_n do_v any_o wrong_n in_o the_o execution_n of_o his_o office_n he_o be_v liable_a therefore_o ad_fw-la damnum_fw-la &_o interest_n and_o find_v caution_n for_o that_o effect_n to_o the_o lion_n at_o his_o entry_n 3._o messenger_n be_v judge_n in_o poynding_n and_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a to_o resist_v judge_n upon_o pretence_n that_o they_o judge_v unjust_o and_o this_o suggest_v to_o i_o another_o distinction_n which_o be_v that_o either_o a_o messenger_n or_o executer_n do_v wrong_v the_o party_n interest_v via_fw-la juris_fw-la as_o in_o omit_v formality_n and_o repel_v
the_o offer_n have_v before_o their_o examination_n come_v to_o light_n ix_o the_o three_o kind_n of_o falsehood_n be_v commit_v by_o falsify_v money_n falsum_fw-la nummartum_fw-la which_o be_v account_v so_o great_a a_o crime_n that_o it_o be_v common_o except_v out_o of_o remission_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o crightoun_n remission_n march_v 15._o 1661._o this_o crime_n be_v commit_v 1._o by_o forge_v true_a money_n without_o authority_n 2._o by_o coin_v false_a money_n and_o impress_v copper_n lead_v or_o any_o base_a metal_n with_o the_o stamp_n of_o the_o prince_n or_o of_o other_o currant_n money_n 2._o by_o mix_v and_o ally_v worset_n with_o noble_a metal_n in_o currant_n coin_n 4._o by_o vent_v and_o pass_v or_o out-putting_a as_o our_o law_n term_v it_o the_o adulterate_a money_n coin_a by_o other_o or_o entertain_v the_o forger_n or_o be_v art_n and_o part_v red_a or_o of_o the_o council_n with_o the_o coiner_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n qui_fw-la probos_fw-la nummos_fw-la cudunt_fw-la sed_fw-la non_fw-la in_o officina_fw-la publica_fw-la tenentur_fw-la lege_fw-la cornelia_n nummaria_fw-la l._n 12._o c._n de_fw-fr falsa_fw-la monet_fw-la qui_fw-la adulterinos_fw-la cudunt_fw-la &_o qui_fw-la veros_fw-la adulterant_fw-la radunt_fw-la fingunt_fw-la l._n qui_fw-la cunque_fw-la &_o l._n seque_fw-la ff_n hoc_fw-la tit_n qui_fw-la nammos_fw-la probos_fw-la lavant_fw-la constant_a aut_fw-la vultu_fw-la principum_fw-la signatos_fw-la reprobant_fw-la l._n 1._o c._n de_fw-fr vet_n numis_fw-la pot_n by_o our_o law_n every_o burgh_n shall_v have_v a_o clipping-house_n which_o be_v a_o house_n for_o try_v money_n for_o the_o trial_n be_v by_o clip_v and_o swear_v man_n who_o shall_v clip_v evil_a money_n who_o be_v to_o have_v a_o penny_n for_o ilk_fw-mi pound_n that_o be_v clip_v and_o the_o haver_n be_v to_o tine_n the_o false-money_n i._o 6._o p._n 1._o c._n 19_o and_o the_o clip_a money_n if_o it_o be_v evil_a stuff_n or_o false_a coin_n shall_v be_v return_v 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the_o foundation_n of_o drummond_n conviction_n as_o a_o traitor_n et_fw-fr de_fw-fr practica_fw-la this_o crime_n have_v be_v diverse_o punish_v reid_n be_v hang_v for_o forge_v false_a money_n with_o the_o king_n iron_n july_n 13._o 1602._o drummond_n burn_v for_o forge_v false_a money_n novemb_n 27._o 1601._o and_o his_o brother_n patrick_n drummond_n burn_v also_o for_o art_n and_o part_n red_a counsel_n and_o conceal_v the_o treasonable_a forge_n coin_v and_o out-putting_a for_o vent_v be_v still_o a_o crime_n and_o be_v design_v out-putting_a in_o our_o style_n of_o false_a money_n meinzy_n also_o be_v hang_v for_o art_n and_o part_n as_o say_v be_v june_n 30._o 1603._o thomson_n be_v hang_v and_o forefault_n for_o bring_v home_o and_o out-putting_a false_a money_n january_n 19_o 1603._o x._o the_o four_o species_n of_o falsehood_n be_v false_a weight_n and_o measure_n adulterinae_fw-la staterae_fw-la which_o be_v punish_v per_fw-la l._n corneliam_n l._n annonam_fw-la ff_n 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false_a weight_n and_o measure_n be_v to_o tine_n their_o hail_n good_n and_o geir_n which_o punishment_n derogat_n not_o from_o the_o former_a act_n inflict_v the_o punishment_n of_o falsit_fw-la as_o have_v be_v debate_v more_o full_o in_o the_o title_n of_o deforcement_n de_fw-fr practica_fw-la i_o find_v that_o brown_n be_v fyne_v for_o false_a measure_n by_o the_o council_n warrant_v in_o 100_o mark_n pen._n july_n 1629._o and_o that_o porteus_n be_v find_v guilty_a though_o use_v be_v not_o prove_v since_o have_v of_o false_a weight_n in_o the_o shop_n presume_v use_v except_o this_o presumption_n be_v take_v off_o as_o by_o allege_v that_o the_o weight_n be_v present_o buy_v or_o borrow_v or_o lay_v aside_o as_o light_v may_n 1671._o by_o the_o foresay_a last_o act_n the_o sheriff_n lord_n of_o regality_n and_o stewart_n be_v declare_v judge_n competent_a to_o this_o crime_n but_o their_o commission_n there_o be_v only_o tempory_o for_o a_o year_n and_o therefore_o it_o may_v 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tobacco_n from_o dry_v too_o much_o and_o moulder_v into_o piece_n yet_o the_o magistrate_n of_o elgin_n have_v fyned_fw-we he_o former_o for_o the_o same_o fault_n in_o 20._o pound_n scot_n even_o for_o the_o ill_a example_n paena_fw-la falsi_fw-la arbitraria_fw-la tenetur_fw-la qui_fw-la in_o sua_fw-la mercatura_fw-la addit_fw-la inutile_fw-la ut_fw-la pulverem_fw-la arenam_fw-la etc._n etc._n aut_fw-la species_n aridas_fw-la detinet_fw-la in_o loco_fw-la humido_fw-la carp_n pag._n 375._o xi_o falshood_n be_v also_o commit_v by_o assume_v a_o false_a name_n vid._n stellionatum_fw-la and_o by_o present_v one_o person_n for_o another_o at_o the_o subscribe_v of_o paper_n suppositio_fw-la salsae_fw-la personae_fw-la which_o be_v punish_v tanquam_fw-la partum_fw-la svi_fw-la positum_fw-la by_o the_o civil_a law_n i_o find_v one_o david_n donaldson_n hang_v for_o this_o imposture_n have_v make_v use_v of_o a_o false_a person_n who_o design_v himself_o to_o be_v the_o person_n who_o shall_v by_o the_o agreement_n have_v subscribe_v the_o assignation_n decemb._n 12._o 1611._o the_o suppose_v a_o false_a birth_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o lay_n in_o one_o child_n for_o another_o be_v punishable_a as_o a_o false_a deed_n with_o the_o punishment_n of_o falsehood_n since_o thereby_o man_n be_v cheat_v out_o of_o their_o estate_n l._n ad_fw-la corn._n the_o fall_v the_o word_n whereof_o be_v periculum_fw-la capitis_fw-la subeat_fw-la be_v find_v to_o extend_v to_o death_n boer_n decis_fw-la 82._o and_o the_o midwife_n who_o bring_v in_o such_o a_o false_a child_n be_v punish_v by_o death_n pegner_n decis_fw-la 80._o but_o i_o find_v that_o farin_n relate_v that_o periculum_fw-la capitis_fw-la be_v in_o this_o case_n extend_v no_o further_o than_o scourge_v but_o yet_o since_o this_o be_v a_o great_a cheat_n and_o do_v steal_v away_o a_o estate_n from_o the_o righteous_a heir_n and_o adulterats_n the_o offspring_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v panish_v as_o severe_o
sine_fw-la juramento_fw-la est_fw-la perjurii_fw-la reus_fw-la nor_o be_v a_o person_n depon_v for_o the_o information_n of_o the_o council_n oblige_v before_o a_o oath_n be_v administrat_fw-la to_o consider_v what_o she_o be_v depon_v as_o liable_a to_o the_o certification_n of_o perjury_n and_o if_o it_o be_v otherways_o there_o need_v no_o oath_n be_v administrat_fw-la so_o that_o before_o the_o administration_n of_o a_o oath_n the_o deponer_n be_v neither_o a_o witness_n nor_o swear_v can_v neither_o be_v guilty_a of_o perjury_n nor_o false_a witness_v much_o less_o can_v she_o be_v guilty_a of_o perjury_n in_o have_v depone_v false_o which_o be_v a_o complicate_v crime_n make_v up_o of_o perjury_n and_o falsehood_n 3._o she_o be_v but_o one_o single_a witness_n and_o so_o can_v not_o have_v prejudge_v by_o her_o testimony_n the_o person_n against_o who_o she_o depone_v &_o semper_fw-la perpendendum_fw-la est_fw-la damnum_fw-la quod_fw-la ex_fw-la perjurio_fw-la resultat_fw-la carpz_n quaest_n 46._o n._n 47._o likeas_n here_o she_o retract_v she_o own_o deposition_n herself_o before_o any_o pursuit_n be_v or_o can_v be_v intent_a against_o those_o gentleman_n and_o that_o she_o depone_v be_v the_o result_n of_o the_o confusion_n she_o be_v put_v in_o by_o her_o appearance_n before_o the_o council_n be_v a_o young_a girl_n not_o exceed_v 18._o so_o that_o her_o age_n and_o sex_n shall_v excuse_v she_o si_fw-la quis_fw-la calore_fw-la iracundiae_fw-la aut_fw-la forte_fw-fr lingua_fw-la lapsus_fw-la aut_fw-la praecipitatus_fw-la perjurium_fw-la commisit_fw-la ei_fw-la eo_fw-la casu_fw-la ignosci_fw-la debet_fw-la rens_n lib._n 3._o decis_fw-la 2._o and_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o natural_a or_o less_o dangerous_a then_o that_o a_o guilt_n arise_v from_o a_o deposition_n and_o mere_a word_n shall_v be_v take_v off_o in_o the_o same_o way_n especial_o before_o any_o person_n be_v thereby_o prejudge_v as_o in_o this_o case_n 4._o this_o libel_n can_v not_o be_v warrantable_o found_v upon_o the_o act_n of_o q._n m._n which_o punish_v only_a perjury_n commit_v in_o marry_v two_o wife_n but_o no_o other_o species_n of_o perjury_n to_o which_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o as_o to_o the_o first_o defence_n it_o be_v not_o relevant_a since_o she_o be_v cite_v before_o the_o council_n aught_o to_o have_v depone_v true_o even_o for_o inform_v the_o supreme_a judicatory_a of_o the_o nation_n who_o use_n and_o must_v examine_v woman_n for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n especial_o in_o such_o atrocious_a and_o occult_a crime_n as_o in_o the_o burn_a of_o the_o house_n of_o frendraught_n and_o though_o the_o defender_n may_v in_o some_o case_n cast_v a_o woman_n from_o be_v witness_n yet_o that_o excuse_n she_o not_o if_o she_o be_v examine_v to_o the_o 2._o lawyer_n be_v clear_a that_o a_o witness_n may_v depon_n without_o be_v swear_v for_o the_o swear_v they_o be_v not_o essential_a since_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi may_v remit_v it_o and_o yet_o the_o witness_n who_o depones_fw-la false_o even_o though_o not_o swear_v be_v a_o false_a witness_n bart._n in_o l._n si_fw-la quis_fw-la ff_n ad_fw-la l._n cornel._n the_o fall_v clar._n h._n t._n num_fw-la 11._o to_o the_o 3._o it_o be_v not_o relevant_a since_o she_o inform_v against_o these_o gentleman_n in_o a_o treasonable_a point_n and_o may_v have_v prejudge_v they_o nor_o do_v her_o retraction_n proceed_v from_o repentance_n but_o confrontation_n nor_o do_v she_o accidental_o only_a or_o by_o confusion_n lapse_n into_o this_o error_n she_o have_v spread_v these_o misreport_n before_o she_o be_v cite_v and_o have_v reiterated_a her_o confession_n after_o citation_n to_o the_o 4._o the_o practice_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v oppon_v which_o be_v the_o best_a interpreter_n of_o law_n and_o in_o anno_fw-la 1615._o grahame_n of_o long-boddom_a and_o in_o anno_fw-la 1622._o turnbul_n of_o belshes_n and_o late_o dempster_n of_o muresk_n be_v punish_v with_o death_n for_o depon_v false_o or_o seduce_v other_o to_o depon_n but_o these_o point_n be_v not_o decide_v vii_o the_o punishment_n of_o perjury_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v banishment_n l._n ult_n ff_n de_fw-fr crimine_fw-la stellionatus_fw-la &_o fustigatio_fw-la or_o scourge_v l._n si_fw-la duo_fw-la §_o si_fw-la quis_fw-la perjuraverit_fw-la by_o our_o law_n act_n 19_o parl._n 5._o q._n marry_o bigamy_n be_v declare_v punishable_a as_o perjury_n which_o be_v declare_v to_o be_v confiscation_n of_o all_o their_o movable_a good_n ward_n of_o their_o person_n for_o year_n and_o day_n and_o long_o during_o the_o king_n will_v and_o that_o as_o infamous_a person_n they_o shall_v never_o be_v able_a to_o bruik_v office_n honour_n dignity_n nor_o benefice_n in_o time_n come_v as_o to_o which_o act_n it_o be_v observable_a 1._o that_o perjury_n be_v not_o formal_o punishable_a with_o we_o but_o only_o declaratorly_a perjury_n be_v in_o itself_o so_o heinous_a a_o crime_n but_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v that_o perjury_n be_v before_o this_o act_n punishable_a after_o this_o manner_n for_o by_o the_o 4._o cap._n lib._n 1._o reg._n maj._n it_o be_v appoint_v that_o temere_fw-la jurantes_fw-la super_fw-la assisa_fw-la spoliabuntur_fw-la mobilibus_fw-la &_o in_fw-la carcerem_fw-la detrudentur_fw-la per_fw-la annum_fw-la &_o diem_fw-la adminus_fw-la &_o infamiae_fw-la notam_fw-la incurrent_a &_o amittent_fw-la legem_fw-la terrae_fw-la which_o skeen_n interpret_v to_o be_v non_fw-fr habère_fw-fr personam_fw-la standi_fw-la in_o judicio_fw-la and_o not_o to_o be_v receivable_a as_o witness_n either_o in_o judicio_fw-la or_o extrajudicium_fw-la which_o act_n be_v likewise_o ratify_v by_o the_o 47._o act_n parl._n 6._o k._n i._n 3._o where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o wilful_a or_o ignorant_a assizer_n man-swearing_a shall_v be_v punish_v after_o the_o king_n old_a law_n in_o the_o first_o book_n of_o the_o majesty_n where_o perjury_n be_v to_o be_v infer_v from_o a_o deposition_n either_o as_o party_n or_o witness_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o the_o deposition_n be_v subscribe_v by_o he_o and_o the_o lord_n find_v that_o mr._n james_n row_n can_v not_o be_v convict_v of_o perjury_n upon_o his_o deposition_n subscribe_v by_o the_o clerk_n sometime_o the_o council_n change_v the_o punishment_n of_o perjury_n into_o banishment_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o galbraith_n who_o come_v in_o will_n for_o perjury_n 23._o july_n 1625._o title_n xxx_o of_o injury_n personal_n and_o real_a and_o of_o infamous_a libel_n 1._o injury_n be_v either_o verbal_a or_o real_a 2._o the_o requisit_n in_o libel_v verbal_a injury_n 3._o what_o be_v real_a injury_n 4._o who_o be_v judge_n to_o verbal_a or_o real_a injury_n 5._o infamous_a libel_n how_o punish_v 6._o leasing-maker_n how_o punish_v by_o our_o law_n i_o have_v ofttimes_o think_v that_o man_n shall_v walk_v legal_o not_o only_o in_o obedience_n but_o gratitude_n to_o law_n since_o the_o law_n take_v so_o much_o pain_n to_o secure_v not_o only_o our_o life_n and_o estate_n but_o even_o our_o honour_n and_o reputation_n and_o will_v humour_v we_o so_o far_o as_o that_o because_o we_o will_v think_v raillery_n a_o misfortune_n it_o will_v therefore_o punish_v even_o these_o who_o offend_v our_o imagination_n i._o injury_n then_o in_o its_o more_o comprehensive_a sense_n may_v give_v a_o name_n to_o all_o crime_n for_o all_o crime_n be_v injury_n but_o injury_n as_o it_o be_v the_o subject_a of_o this_o title_n be_v the_o same_o thing_n with_o contumely_n or_o reproach_n it_o be_v divide_v by_o lawyer_n into_o such_o as_o be_v commit_v by_o thought_n deed_n word_n and_o gesture_n but_o the_o more_o receive_v division_n be_v that_o injury_n be_v either_o verbal_a or_o real_a ii_o verbal_a injury_n be_v these_o which_o be_v commit_v by_o unwarrantable_a expression_n as_o to_o call_v a_o man_n a_o cheat_n or_o a_o woman_n a_o whore_n but_o because_o expression_n vary_v according_a to_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o speaker_n therefore_o except_o the_o word_n can_v allow_v of_o no_o good_a sense_n as_o whore_n or_o thief_n or_o that_o there_o lie_v strong_a presumption_n against_o the_o speaker_n the_o injuriandi_fw-la animus_n the_o design_n of_o injure_v as_o well_o as_o the_o injure_v word_n must_v be_v prove_v and_o the_o speaker_n will_v be_v allow_v to_o purge_v his_o guilt_n by_o declare_v his_o intention_n l._n 5._o §_o octavo_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr injur_fw-fr and_o his_o declaration_n will_v without_o a_o oath_n be_v sufficient_a except_o the_o offender_n be_v burden_v with_o contrary_a presumption_n berlich_n conclus_fw-la 60._o num_fw-la 18._o lawyer_n therefore_o require_v in_o libel_v injury_n 1._o that_o the_o particular_a expression_n be_v distinct_o condescend_v upon_o nor_o be_v the_o general_a you_o call_v i_o a_o cheat_n or_o say_v some_o such_o thing_n sufficient_a see_v not_o only_a word_n but_o even_o the_o point_n of_o they_o do_v alter_v the_o estimat_fw-la of_o injury_n 2._o the_o pusuer_fw-mi shall_v libel_v the_o design_n of_o injure_v
dead_a and_o die_v of_o the_o fall_a sickness_n 17._o may_v 1615._o but_o in_o this_o the_o word_n be_v malicious_o speak_v for_o the_o speaker_n utter_v they_o because_o he_o have_v lose_v a_o plea_n but_o sometime_o the_o speaker_n be_v only_o scourge_v and_o banish_v as_o tweedy_n be_v 13._o march_v 1612._o for_o abuse_v constable_n and_o bid_v the_o king_n the_o council_n and_o they_o kiss_v his_o arse_n and_o swear_v he_o care_v not_o a_o fart_n for_o they_o which_o word_n appear_v both_o by_o the_o speaker_n and_o the_o contexture_n of_o the_o word_n to_o have_v rather_o flow_v from_o folly_n than_o design_n and_o spotswood_n in_o his_o history_n relat_n that_o the_o schoolmaster_n of_o edinburgh_n be_v hang_v for_o disperse_v libel_n against_o the_o regent_n wherein_o he_o charge_v he_o with_o be_v guilty_a of_o capital_a crime_n lease_v maker_n vi_o like_o to_o this_o crime_n if_o not_o the_o same_o with_o it_o be_v lease_v make_v whereby_o hatred_n and_o discord_n may_v be_v raise_v betwixt_o the_o king_n and_o his_o people_n which_o be_v punish_v with_o tinsel_n of_o life_n and_o good_n by_o the_o 43._o act_n parliament_n 2._o king_n james_n the_o 1._o likeas_n any_o misrepresentation_n or_o evil_a information_n as_o our_o law_n call_v it_o of_o the_o king_n to_o his_o people_n be_v punishable_a in_o the_o same_o way_n by_o the_o 83._o act_n parliament_n 6._o king_n james_n the_o 5._o and_o though_o the_o slander_v of_o his_o majesty_n may_v have_v be_v punish_v by_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o first_o act_n yet_o we_o see_v that_o our_o predecessor_n do_v not_o think_v paritas_fw-la rationis_fw-la sufficient_a in_o punish_v crime_n upon_o which_o act_v a_o great_a person_n be_v find_v guilty_a of_o death_n for_o write_v a_o letter_n wherein_o the_o parliament_n be_v slander_v anno_fw-la 1662._o but_o this_o be_v thereafter_o rescind_v by_o his_o majesty_n likeas_n by_o the_o 20._o a._n of_o the_o 14._o p._n ki_n 6._o the_o hear_n and_o not_o reveal_v and_o not_o apprehend_v of_o such_o lease_v maker_n if_o it_o be_v in_o the_o hearer_n power_n be_v equal_o punish_v with_o the_o lease_n make_a but_o because_o these_o act_n can_v not_o reach_v to_o slanderer_n of_o his_o majesty_n to_o his_o people_n in_o england_n or_o misrepresent_v they_o to_o the_o king_n or_o abuse_v any_o privy_a counsellor_n of_o that_o kingdom_n therefore_o the_o misrepresent_v they_o be_v declare_v punishable_a at_o his_o majesty_n pleasure_n by_o the_o 9_o act_n 20._o par._n k._n ja._n 6._o by_o the_o same_o last_o act_n disperse_v or_o make_v cockalands_n or_o other_o infamous_a libel_n against_o counselor_n of_o england_n be_v punish_v as_o lease_v make_v title_n xxxi_o poind_v of_o ox_n in_o time_n of_o labour_v 1._o how_o this_o crime_n be_v punish_v by_o our_o law_n 2._o how_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n 3._o the_o explication_n of_o our_o act_n of_o parliament_n in_o this_o case_n 4._o how_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o we_o differ_v in_o this_o point_n by_o the_o 98._o act_n 6._o parl._n ja._n 4._o it_o be_v statute_n that_o no_o sheriff_n or_o officer_n shall_v poind_v or_o distreinzie_n the_o ox_n horse_n or_o other_o good_n pertain_v to_o the_o plough_n and_o that_o labour_v the_o ground_n the_o time_n of_o the_o labour_a of_o the_o same_o where_o any_o other_o good_n or_o land_n be_v to_o be_v apprize_v or_o poind_v according_a to_o the_o common_a law_n ii_o the_o common_a law_n to_o which_o this_o relate_v be_v l._n 8._o c._n quae_fw-la res_fw-la pig_n oblige_v possunt_fw-la pignorum_fw-la gratia_fw-la aliquid_fw-la quod_fw-la ad_fw-la culturam_fw-la agri_fw-la pertinet_fw-la auferri_fw-la non_fw-la convenit_fw-la and_o by_o the_o subsequent_a authent_v ibid._n agricultores_fw-la terrarum_fw-la securi_fw-la sunt_fw-la ita_fw-la ut_fw-la nullus_fw-la inveniatur_fw-la tam_fw-la audax_fw-la ut_fw-la personas_fw-la boves_fw-la &_o agrorum_fw-la instrumenta_fw-la aut_fw-la si_fw-la quid_fw-la aliud_fw-la quod_fw-la ad_fw-la agrorum_fw-la rusticorum_fw-la operam_fw-la pertineat_fw-la invadere_fw-la aut_fw-la capere_fw-la praesumat_fw-la &_o siquis_fw-la hoc_fw-la statutum_fw-la violare_fw-la praesumpserit_fw-la in_fw-la quadruplum_fw-la ablata_fw-la restituat_fw-la &_o infamiae_fw-la notam_fw-la ipso_fw-la jure_fw-la jucurrat_fw-la imperiali_fw-la animadversione_n nihilominus_fw-la puniendus_fw-la and_o maranta_n de_fw-fr ordine_fw-la jud_v part_n 6._o act_n 3._o num_fw-la 31._o relate_v that_o this_o law_n be_v confirm_v in_o sicily_n by_o a_o express_a statute_n and_o all_o these_o law_n seem_v to_o be_v found_v on_o deut._n 24._o vers_fw-la 6._o no_o man_n shall_v take_v the_o upper_a nor_o nether_a millstone_n to_o pledge_v for_o he_o take_v a_o man_n life_n to_o pledge_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o grotius_n observe_v out_o of_o philo._n which_o be_v call_v mola_fw-la &_o catillus_fw-la l._n cum_fw-la de_fw-la lanionis_fw-la §_o idem_fw-la consultus_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr instructo_fw-la vel_fw-la instrumento_fw-la legato_fw-la iii_o by_o the_o foresay_a act_n of_o parliament_n the_o poind_n of_o such_o good_n be_v forbid_v in_o the_o time_n of_o labour_v but_o it_o be_v not_o declare_v to_o be_v a_o crime_n and_o the_o lord_n renton_n have_v in_o january_n 1666._o pursue_v the_o officer_n of_o the_o court_n of_o coldinghame_n for_o poind_v one_o of_o his_o plough_n ox_n when_o they_o be_v labour_v before_o the_o criminal_a court_n be_v be_v allege_v that_o no_o criminal_a pursuit_n can_v be_v found_v upon_o this_o act_n see_v nothing_o can_v be_v criminal_o pursue_v but_o that_o which_o be_v make_v a_o crime_n by_o a_o special_a statute_n and_o to_o which_o a_o special_a sanction_n be_v annex_v likeas_n by_o the_o constant_a custom_n many_o action_n of_o spoilzie_n be_v found_v upon_o this_o act_n but_o no_o criminal_a pursuit_n be_v ever_o thereupon_o intent_a to_o which_o it_o be_v reply_v that_o the_o contempt_n of_o a_o law_n be_v in_o itself_o a_o crime_n see_v disobedience_n to_o authority_n be_v in_o effect_n the_o basis_n of_o all_o crime_n 2._o illegal_a intrometring_n with_o another_o man_n good_n be_v a_o crime_n especial_o ubi_fw-la lex_fw-la non_fw-la solum_fw-la non_fw-la assistebat_fw-la sed_fw-la &_o restistebat_fw-la for_o theft_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o unwarrantable_a intromission_n and_o as_o the_o take_n of_o his_o majesty_n be_v free_a liedge_n be_v a_o crime_n where_o the_o same_o be_v not_o warrant_v by_o law_n so_o the_o poind_n of_o these_o good_n shall_v infer_v a_o crime_n that_o be_v another_o species_n of_o unlawful_a execution_n 3._o this_o act_n discharge_v such_o execution_n conform_v to_o the_o common_a law_n and_o by_o the_o common_a or_o civil_a law_n this_o be_v a_o crime_n as_o be_v clear_a by_o the_o law_n above_o cite_v and_o whereas_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o no_o sanction_n be_v annex_v it_o be_v reply_v that_o where_o the_o law_n annex_v no_o sanction_n the_o punishment_n be_v there_o arbitrary_a and_o there_o be_v many_o crime_n both_o in_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o out_v to_o which_o no_o sanction_n be_v annex_v the_o justice_n sustain_v the_o libel_n and_o ordain_v the_o panel_n to_o go_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n the_o express_a word_n of_o the_o interlocutor_fw-la be_v that_o the_o poind_v a_o ox_n in_o the_o time_n of_o labour_v be_v a_o injury_n and_o wrong_n punishable_a by_o the_o law_n paena_fw-la aplicanda_fw-la filco_fw-la and_o thereafter_o the_o three_o panel_n be_v find_v guilty_a though_o it_o be_v not_o express_o prove_v that_o the_o ox_n be_v labour_v actual_o the_o time_n of_o the_o poind_n but_o only_o that_o he_o use_v to_o labour_v and_o be_v in_o the_o plough_n the_o week_n before_o and_o the_o country_n be_v then_o labour_v all_o which_o be_v necessary_a qualification_n of_o this_o crime_n and_o so_o be_v necessary_a interrogator_n after_o pronounce_v of_o which_o doom_n the_o justice_n fine_v each_o of_o the_o three_o panel_n in_o forty_o pound_n scot_n and_o yet_o in_o june_n 1674._o a_o reply_n against_o lawful_o poind_v be_v propon_v in_o a_o pursuit_n for_o theft_n the_o case_n be_v by_o the_o justice_n refer_v to_o be_v first_o civil_o pursue_v it_o be_v here_o also_o allege_v that_o by_o the_o 34._o act._n 4._o parl._n i._n 5._o where_o crime_n may_v be_v criminal_o and_o civil_o pursue_v the_o civil_a pursuit_n ought_v first_o to_o be_v discuse_v which_o be_v repel_v because_o though_o a_o civil_a pursuit_n of_o spoilzie_n be_v intent_a there_o can_v no_o defence_n such_o as_o lawful_o poind_v authore_fw-la praetore_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o be_v usual_a in_o other_o case_n be_v propon_v here_o see_v though_o the_o execution_n be_v formal_a and_o the_o decreet_a whereupon_o they_o proceed_v irreduceable_a yet_o to_o poind_v a_o labour_a ox_n in_o labour_a time_n be_v in_o all_o case_n unlawful_a &_o itacessat_fw-la hoc_fw-la casu_fw-la ratio_fw-la legis_fw-la 2._o the_o defender_n can_v not_o plead_v the_o benefit_n of_o this_o
be_v punishable_a as_o menoch_n observe_v the_o arbitr_n casu_fw-la 331._o yet_o the_o parliament_n incline_v not_o to_o punish_v he_o if_o nothing_o else_o can_v be_v prove_v but_o whatever_o may_v be_v say_v of_o ratihabition_n in_o general_n yet_o certain_o ratihabition_n of_o treason_n be_v punishable_a as_o treason_n and_o it_o may_v be_v also_o contend_v that_o the_o except_v of_o a_o reward_n by_o one_o as_o if_o the_o crime_n have_v be_v commit_v by_o he_o be_v punishable_a since_o that_o reach_v further_a than_o a_o naked_a ratihabition_n so_o that_o certain_o assint_fw-la have_v be_v punish_v as_o a_o traitor_n for_o that_o accession_n if_o he_o have_v not_o be_v secure_v by_o a_o act_n of_o indemnity_n ix_o there_o remain_v yet_o two_o practical_a question_n to_o be_v resolve_v the_o first_o be_v whether_o such_o as_o be_v accessary_a can_v be_v pursue_v till_o the_o chief_a actor_n be_v first_o discuss_v and_o either_o find_v guilty_a or_o assoilzy_v and_o that_o the_o chief_a or_o principal_a actor_n ought_v to_o be_v first_o discuss_v seem_v most_o reasonable_a 1._o because_o it_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o what_o be_v accessary_a to_o follow_v and_o not_o to_o precede_v that_o to_o which_o it_o be_v accessary_a 2._o the_o principal_a party_n may_v have_v a_o defence_n which_o the_o assister_n do_v not_o know_v at_o lest_o can_v prove_v as_o for_o instance_n if_o a_o man_n be_v pursue_v as_o art_n and_o part_n of_o drive_v away_o cattle_n possible_o he_o be_v but_o a_o servant_n to_o the_o person_n who_o do_v drive_v they_o and_o who_o if_o he_o have_v compear_v have_v prove_v that_o the_o good_n be_v his_o own_o or_o if_o he_o be_v pursue_v as_o art_n and_o part_n of_o convocate_a the_o liedge_n or_o of_o rise_v in_o arm_n possible_o if_o the_o principal_a convocator_n be_v pursue_v he_o will_v allege_v he_o have_v do_v so_o by_o warrant_n from_o authority_n and_o will_v produce_v his_o warrant_n which_o none_o else_o can_v have_v in_o keep_v 3._o by_o the_o opinion_n of_o clar._n quest_n 90._o num_fw-la 6._o and_o other_o doctor_n quando_fw-la proceditur_fw-la contra_fw-la aliquem_fw-la tanquam_fw-la quod_fw-la prestiterit_fw-la auxilium_fw-la delicto_fw-la debet_fw-la primo_fw-la in_o processu_fw-la constare_fw-la principalem_fw-la deliquisse_fw-la 4._o by_o the_o 26_o chap._n 4._o book_n reg._n maj._n entitle_v of_o the_o order_n of_o accuse_v malefactor_n for_o crime_n it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o principal_a thief_n shall_v be_v plead_v and_o discuss_v before_o he_o who_o command_v the_o same_o to_o be_v do_v or_o before_o the_o resetter_n and_o in_o the_o 4._o vers_fw-la of_o that_o chap._n it_o be_v general_o say_v and_o swa_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o commander_n or_o resetter_n shall_v not_o be_v charge_v till_o the_o principal_a doer_n be_v first_o convict_v by_o a_o assize_n from_o which_o word_n and_o from_o the_o general_a rubric_n it_o be_v clear_a that_o this_o conclusion_n hold_v not_o only_o in_o theft_n but_o in_o other_o crime_n likeas_n skeen_n in_o his_o annotation_n upon_o these_o word_n observe_v from_o this_o text_n that_o complice_n criminis_fw-la non_fw-la possunt_fw-la accusaâ—i_fw-la ante_fw-la pricipalem_fw-la malefactorem_fw-la nam_fw-la sicut_fw-la reâ—â—oto_fw-la principali_fw-la removetur_fw-la accessorium_fw-la ita_fw-la absoluto_fw-la malefactore_fw-la absolvuntur_fw-la complice_n &_o consentientes_fw-la and_o cite_v for_o this_o opinion_n gloss._n in_o cap._n 1._o de_fw-fr offic_n jud_v de_fw-fr legate_n which_o conclusion_n be_v also_o clear_a as_o to_o theft_n from_o the_o 83._o chap._n quon_n attach_v upon_o which_o law_n a_o verdict_n fyl_v george_n grahame_n as_o receptor_n of_o theft_n be_v rescind_v by_o warrant_n from_o the_o council_n because_o the_o principal_a thief_n be_v not_o first_o discuss_v and_o as_o to_o all_o crime_n by_o the_o 29._o chap._n stat._n david_n 2._o entitle_v the_o complice_n shall_v not_o be_v punish_v before_o the_o principal_a malefactor_n it_o be_v also_o observable_a from_o the_o last_o vers_fw-la 26._o chap._n lib._n 4._o reg._n maj._n that_o the_o principal_a malefactor_n shall_v be_v not_o only_o accuse_v but_o convict_v by_o a_o assize_n before_o the_o complice_n can_v be_v accuse_v so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o enough_o the_o principal_a actor_n be_v declare_v fugitive_n which_o be_v likewise_o conform_v to_o clar._n quest_n 90._o num_fw-la 6._o nam_fw-la non_fw-la sufficit_fw-la say_v he_o contumacia_fw-la ficta_fw-la which_o answer_v to_o our_o denounce_v fugitive_n as_o i_o former_o observe_v i_o find_v likewise_o that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n the_o principal_a aught_o to_o be_v attain_v after_o verdict_n or_o confession_n or_o by_o outlawrie_n before_o any_o judgement_n can_v be_v give_v against_o the_o accessary_n but_o the_o principal_n must_v be_v sure_o keep_v until_o the_o accessary_n be_v attaint_v bolton_n cap._n 24._o num_fw-la 38._o notwithstanding_o of_o all_o which_o charles_n robertson_n be_v pursue_v as_o accessary_a to_o the_o cast_v down_o of_o a_o house_n belong_v to_o jolly_a which_o house_n be_v libel_v to_o have_v be_v cast_v down_o by_o his_o son_n and_o servant_n at_o his_o command_n the_o justice_n find_v that_o he_o may_v be_v put_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n albeit_o the_o child_n and_o servant_n be_v not_o first_o discuse_v because_o the_o act_n appoint_v a_o libel_n to_o be_v relevant_a bear_v art_n and_o part_n do_v abrogat_fw-la the_o foresay_a 4._o vers_fw-la 26._o chap._n l._n 4._o r._n m._n since_o such_o as_o be_v pursue_v as_o art_n and_o part_n be_v all_o principal_n and_o the_o advocate_n allege_v that_o it_o be_v absurd_a that_o the_o king_n shall_v be_v prejudge_v by_o the_o absence_n of_o the_o principal_a party_n to_o which_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o the_o law_n cite_v out_o of_o r._n m._n be_v in_o materia_fw-la diversa_fw-la and_o very_o consistent_a since_o the_o one_o determine_v only_o the_o manner_n of_o procedure_n and_o the_o other_o what_o libel_n be_v relevant_a &_o since_o that_o act_n it_o be_v constant_o find_v that_o the_o thief_n behove_v to_o be_v punish_v before_o the_o resetter_n which_o show_v the_o foresay_a law_n of_o the_o majesty_n be_v not_o abrogate_a nor_o be_v the_o king_n prejudge_v see_v if_o the_o principal_a party_n be_v discuse_v and_o denounce_v fugitive_n the_o accessary_n may_v be_v proceed_v against_o but_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o liedge_n will_v be_v much_o prejudge_v if_o this_o order_n be_v not_o observe_v for_o probation_n may_v be_v lead_v against_o absent_v eo_fw-la casu_fw-la contrair_a to_o the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o the_o nation_n v._o g._n if_o a._n b._n be_v pursue_v as_o hounder_v out_o of_o c._n d._n to_o commit_v a_o murder_n probation_n behove_v to_o be_v lead_v that_o c._n d._n commit_v the_o murder_n albeit_o absent_a else_o the_o hounder_n out_o can_v not_o be_v punish_v nam_fw-la primo_fw-la debet_fw-la constare_fw-la de_fw-la corpore_fw-la de_fw-fr licti_fw-la nor_o can_v any_o man_n be_v guilty_a of_o hound_v out_o except_o where_o the_o crime_n be_v commit_v and_o it_o be_v not_o only_o against_o our_o law_n but_o against_o reason_n to_o suffer_v witness_n to_o be_v lead_v for_o prove_v that_o the_o person_n who_o be_v absent_a commit_v the_o crime_n for_o in_o that_o case_n his_o great_a enemy_n may_v be_v lead_v as_o witness_n and_o his_o strong_a defence_n may_v be_v omit_v and_o though_o the_o probation_n lead_v against_o he_o in_o absence_n will_v not_o be_v conclude_v yet_o semper_fw-la gravat_fw-la famam_fw-la and_o leave_v still_o a_o disadvantageous_a impression_n in_o this_o case_n it_o be_v likewise_o find_v that_o ratihabition_n of_o a_o crime_n may_v be_v infer_v from_o the_o say_v charles_n robertson_n his_o reset_a the_o committer_n of_o the_o crime_n though_o they_o be_v neither_o declare_v fugitive_n nor_o letter_n of_o intercommune_v against_o he_o and_o his_o say_v these_o word_n they_o do_v too_o little_a and_o i_o wish_v that_o they_o have_v take_v a_o collop_n out_o of_o his_o cheek_n be_v a_o ratify_n of_o the_o crime_n since_o the_o crime_n be_v commit_v by_o his_o own_o son_n and_o servant_n x._o the_o second_o question_n be_v whether_o the_o complice_n and_o such_o as_o be_v art_n and_o part_n of_o a_o crime_n shall_v be_v punish_v by_o the_o punishment_n due_a to_o the_o principal_a malefactor_n that_o they_o shall_v seem_v clear_a by_o the_o act_n 151._o parl._n 12._o k._n i._n 6._o where_o the_o libel_n bear_v art_n and_o part_n be_v ordain_v to_o be_v find_v relevant_a which_o imply_v that_o be_v and_o part_n shall_v infer_v the_o punishment_n conclude_v in_o the_o libel_n for_o that_o be_v only_o relevant_a which_o can_v infer_v the_o conclusion_n 2._o it_o be_v say_v cap._n 38._o quon_n attach_v and_o then_o it_o shall_v be_v conform_a to_o that_o which_o be_v say_v consenter_n and_o doer_n shall_v be_v
punish_v with_o the_o same_o pain_n 3._o by_o constant_a custom_n in_o all_o criminal_a court_n be_v and_o part_n be_v punish_v as_o the_o principal_a crime_n notwithstanding_o of_o all_o which_o i_o think_v the_o foresay_a conclusion_n very_o rigorous_a for_o paena_fw-la est_fw-la commensuranda_fw-la de_fw-fr licto_fw-la and_o to_o punish_v the_o more_o and_o the_o less_o guilty_a equal_o seem_v against_o nature_n and_o justice_n and_o by_o the_o law_n of_o all_o other_o nation_n and_o the_o opinion_n of_o all_o doctor_n accession_n be_v punishable_a according_a to_o their_o proportional_a degree_n of_o guilt_n and_o albeit_o the_o act_n above_o cite_v sustain_v the_o libel_n yet_o it_o ordain_v not_o the_o punishment_n of_o art_n and_o part_n to_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o punishment_n of_o the_o principal_a offender_n but_o though_o the_o act_n do_v bear_v the_o same_o express_o yet_o by_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o doctor_n a_o statute_n bear_v that_o such_o as_o be_v accessary_a shall_v be_v punish_v as_o the_o principal_a malefactor_n be_v to_o be_v restrict_v ad_fw-la opem_fw-la quae_fw-la dedit_fw-la causam_fw-la maleficio_fw-la &_o non_fw-fr de_fw-fr quolibet_fw-la modo_fw-la auxiliandi_fw-la annot_n ad_fw-la clar._n quest_n 90._o num_fw-la 28._o it_o will_v therefore_o seem_v just_a that_o not_o only_o the_o justice_n or_o party_n shall_v make_v application_n to_o the_o council_n and_o interpose_v that_o the_o punishment_n shall_v be_v mitigat_fw-la according_a to_o the_o degree_n of_o the_o guilt_n as_o the_o custom_n now_o be_v but_o that_o the_o justice_n shall_v have_v a_o innate_a power_n to_o proportion_v the_o punishment_n to_o the_o guilt_n prove_v for_o none_o can_v understand_v so_o well_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o guilt_n as_o the_o justice_n who_o hear_v the_o probation_n and_o it_o be_v hard_a that_o the_o poor_a panel_n shall_v lie_v under_o so_o great_a hazard_n as_o to_o be_v expose_v to_o a_o capital_a sentence_n whereas_o it_o may_v be_v the_o council_n will_v not_o sit_v so_o soon_o as_o that_o he_o may_v interpose_v with_o they_o some_o crime_n punish_v among_o the_o roman_n which_o be_v not_o direct_o in_o use_n with_o we_o have_v finish_v in_o the_o last_o title_n what_o belong_v to_o those_o crime_n which_o our_o law_n punâ—shes_v direct_o i_o resolve_v here_o to_o touch_v overly_o even_o those_o crime_n which_o be_v little_o consider_v among_o we_o not_o only_o that_o we_o may_v thereby_o know_v the_o genius_n of_o that_o wise_a nation_n but_o that_o we_o may_v consider_v how_o far_o it_o be_v fit_a to_o renew_v among_o we_o these_o excellent_a law_n the_o roman_n consider_v how_o destructive_a those_o be_v to_o the_o commonwealth_n who_o endeavour_v by_o all_o indirect_a mean_n to_o screw_v themselves_o into_o public_a employment_n do_v therefore_o make_v this_o indirect_a deal_n to_o be_v a_o crime_n and_o call_v it_o ambitus_fw-la which_o punish_v lege_fw-la julia_fw-la those_o who_o give_v money_n for_o make_v themselves_o magistrate_n or_o that_o they_o may_v attain_v to_o honour_n it_o be_v common_o think_v that_o how_o soon_o the_o power_n be_v transfer_v from_o the_o people_n to_o the_o senate_n and_o from_o the_o senate_n to_o the_o prince_n this_o crime_n cease_v because_o the_o prince_n have_v the_o sole_a power_n of_o bestow_v magistracy_n and_o honour_n be_v still_o presume_v in_o law_n to_o bestow_v they_o upon_o those_o deserve_v best_a who_o groneveg_v the_o leg_n abrogat_fw-la ad_fw-la h._n t._n but_o yet_o i_o see_v not_o why_o the_o prince_n may_v not_o just_o cause_n punish_v such_o who_o have_v wrong_v both_o the_o public_a interest_n and_o his_o favour_n in_o prostitute_v both_o to_o so_o unworthy_a a_o sale_n and_o since_o commissioner_n for_o parliament_n and_o magistrate_n of_o town_n be_v still_o elect_v by_o plurality_n of_o suffrage_n i_o see_v not_o why_o such_o as_o bribe_v the_o elector_n may_v not_o be_v liable_a to_o the_o same_o accusation_n the_o punishment_n of_o this_o crime_n be_v deportation_n which_o be_v much_o like_o our_o banishment_n and_o in_o the_o less_o town_n it_o be_v punish_v by_o a_o fine_n of_o a_o hundred_o crown_n and_o infamy_n and_o since_o it_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o bribe_v i_o think_v it_o shall_v be_v punish_v with_o we_o as_o such_o residuorum_fw-la crimen_fw-la be_v commit_v by_o he_o who_o convert_v the_o public_a money_n with_o which_o he_o be_v entrust_v to_o his_o own_o private_a use_n and_o be_v punish_v by_o fyne_a he_o who_o be_v guilty_a in_o a_o three_o more_o than_o he_o owe_v this_o crime_n be_v punish_v by_o no_o express_a law_n with_o we_o but_o that_o this_o be_v a_o crime_n with_o we_o appear_v clear_o from_o its_o be_v except_v from_o the_o late_a act_n of_o indemnity_n among_o the_o other_o crime_n the_o word_n whereof_o be_v except_v all_o private_a murder_n etc._n etc._n and_o the_o account_n of_o all_o such_o person_n as_o have_v intromet_v with_o any_o of_o his_o majesty_n revenue_n public_a imposition_n excise_n fines_n forfeiture_n sequestration_n and_o all_o other_o public_a money_n for_o which_o they_o have_v not_o order_n warrant_v or_o assignment_n for_o their_o own_o private_a use_n or_o for_o which_o they_o have_v not_o due_o count_v and_o receive_v discharge_v thereof_o from_o such_o as_o pretend_v to_o have_v authority_n for_o the_o time_n to_o do_v the_o same_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o the_o exchequer_n may_v be_v judge_n competent_a to_o this_o crime_n if_o commit_v by_o their_o own_o member_n and_o the_o council_n if_o do_v by_o any_o of_o his_o majesty_n servant_n since_o there_o can_v be_v no_o great_a injury_n do_v to_o his_o majesty_n government_n then_o to_o abstract_n or_o invert_v his_o money_n which_o be_v the_o nerve_n not_o only_o of_o war_n but_o of_o all_o power_n peculatus_fw-la be_v a_o steal_n of_o the_o public_a money_n as_o the_o other_o be_v a_o conceal_n of_o it_o and_o this_o be_v punish_v in_o public_a minister_n capital_o l._n un_fw-fr c._n h._n t._n though_o other_o theft_n be_v not_o capital_o punish_v among_o the_o roman_n so_o attrocious_a a_o crime_n do_v they_o judge_v the_o breach_n of_o trust_n and_o so_o easy_a a_o thing_n it_o be_v for_o public_a minister_n to_o steal_v public_a money_n if_o they_o please_v this_o crime_n be_v certain_o punishable_a with_o we_o by_o death_n since_o all_o theft_n be_v so_o punishable_a plagium_n be_v the_o steal_n of_o man_n and_o be_v punishable_a by_o death_n l._n 7._o &_o ult_n c._n h._n t._n which_o agree_v with_o the_o law_n of_o god_n exod._n 21.16_o deut._n 24.7_o and_o with_o we_o egyptian_n and_o other_o steal_v child_n have_v be_v likewise_o punish_v by_o death_n and_o such_o as_o force_v away_o man_n to_o be_v soldier_n shall_v be_v liable_a to_o the_o same_o punishment_n though_o the_o council_n use_v to_o punish_v they_o only_o by_o a_o arbitrary_a punishment_n and_o such_o as_o take_v away_o man_n childeren_n upon_o pretext_n to_o marry_v they_o before_o they_o come_v to_o the_o year_n wherein_o they_o may_v give_v a_o legal_a consent_n which_o be_v 12._o in_o woman_n and_o 14._o in_o man_n ought_v in_o my_o judgement_n to_o be_v so_o punish_v i_o have_v treat_v crimen_fw-la repetundarum_fw-la in_o the_o title_n brybe_a &_o crimen_fw-la annonae_fw-la in_o the_o title_n forestallers_a i_o shall_v end_v this_o first_o part_n relate_v to_o crime_n with_o theophils_n apology_n subjoin_v to_o his_o title_n of_o crime_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d finis_fw-la part_n ii_o title_n i._o of_o jurisdiction_n in_o general_n 1._o jurisdiction_n define_v and_o divide_v in_o imperium_fw-la merum_fw-la mixtum_fw-la &_o jurisdictionem_fw-la simplicem_fw-la 2._o jurisdiction_n be_v either_o ordinary_a or_o delegat_v 3._o it_o be_v either_o cumulative_a or_o privative_a 4._o how_o a_o jurisdiction_n may_v be_v prorogat_n the_o civilian_n do_v treat_v of_o jurisdiction_n very_o learned_o and_o profuse_o but_o since_o most_o of_o their_o dictate_v be_v very_o remote_a from_o our_o practice_n in_o scotland_n i_o resolve_v to_o clear_v only_o such_o general_a term_n as_o be_v borrow_v by_o our_o law_n from_o that_o of_o the_o roman_n i._o jurisdiction_n may_v be_v define_v to_o be_v a_o public_a power_n grant_v to_o a_o magistrate_n to_o cognosc_fw-la upon_o and_o determine_v cause_n and_o to_o put_v sentence_n follow_v thereupon_o in_o execution_n in_o such_o way_n and_o manner_n as_o either_o his_o commission_n law_n or_o practic_a do_v allow_v jurisdiction_n be_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n divide_v in_o merum_fw-la imperium_fw-la mixtum_fw-la imperium_fw-la &_o jurisdictionem_fw-la simplicem_fw-la merum_fw-la imperium_fw-la est_fw-la abere_fw-la potestatem_fw-la gladii_fw-la ad_fw-la animadvertendum_fw-la in_o facinerofos_fw-la &_o potestatas_fw-la etiam_fw-la appellatur_fw-la mixtum_fw-la imperium_fw-la est_fw-la potestas_fw-la qua_fw-la jure_fw-la proprio_fw-la magistratui_fw-la competit_fw-la cui_fw-la jurisdictio_fw-la inhaeret_fw-la &_o inest_fw-la &_o dicitur_fw-la
mixtum_fw-la quia_fw-la cum_fw-la jurisdictione_n est_fw-la conjunctum_fw-la jurisdictio_fw-la simplex_fw-la differt_fw-la secundum_fw-la bartolum_n a_o mixto_fw-la imperio_fw-la in_o hoc_fw-la quod_fw-la imperium_fw-la mixtum_fw-la expediatur_fw-la judicis_fw-la nobili_fw-la officio_fw-la jurisdictio_fw-la judicis_fw-la ordinario_fw-la with_o we_o the_o justice_n have_v only_o a_o criminal_a jurisdiction_n the_o lord_n of_o session_n and_o commissar_n a_o mere_o civil_a jurisdiction_n lord_n of_o regality_n and_o sheriff_n a_o mix_a jurisdiction_n partly_o civil_a partly_o criminal_a but_o in_o all_o jurisdiction_n though_o mere_o civil_a there_o be_v still_o a_o innat_fw-la power_n to_o punish_v even_o criminal_o such_o as_o offend_v and_o disturb_v even_o the_o civil_a jurisdiction_n thus_o the_o lord_n may_v ordain_v such_o as_o strike_v any_o in_o the_o parliament_n house_n whilst_o they_o sit_v or_o falsify_v paper_n produce_v before_o they_o or_o abuse_v any_o of_o their_o own_o number_n to_o be_v degrade_v or_o banish_v or_o to_o pay_v a_o fine_n or_o to_o have_v their_o tongue_n bore_v etc._n etc._n according_a to_o the_o nature_n and_o merit_n of_o the_o offence_n for_o in_o law_n when_o any_o power_n be_v grant_v every_o thing_n be_v also_o grant_v which_o be_v necessary_a for_o explicate_v or_o execute_v that_o power_n ii_o jurisdiction_n be_v divide_v likewise_o in_o ordinariam_fw-la &_o delegatam_fw-la and_o here_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o the_o power_n of_o judge_a crime_n which_o be_v merum_fw-la imperium_fw-la can_v be_v delegat_n according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n it_o can_v not_o l._n 1._o &_o l._n 70._o ff_n de_fw-fr regulis_fw-la juris_fw-la and_o see_v crime_n be_v of_o so_o great_a concernment_n that_o industria_fw-la personae_fw-la in_o electiono_fw-la judicis_fw-la respicitur_fw-la there_o be_v no_o reason_n why_o they_o shall_v be_v cognosce_v by_o depute_n ordinary_a commission_n with_o we_o also_o bear_v a_o power_n of_o delegation_n which_o be_v unnecessary_a if_o the_o power_n of_o delegation_n be_v inhaerent_a natural_o in_o jurisdiction_n and_o albeit_o i_o have_v see_v justice_n deputes_o delegat_v other_o to_o represent_v they_o in_o the_o justice_n court_n yet_o this_o practice_n seem_v to_o want_v both_o warrant_n and_o reason_n and_o it_o be_v observe_v by_o craig_n pag._n 192._o that_o potestatem_fw-la gladij_fw-la qui_fw-la ab_fw-la alio_fw-la quam_fw-la a_o principe_fw-la habet_fw-la nemo_fw-la potest_fw-la delegare_fw-la and_o by_o balfour_n cap._n 63._o that_o a_o baron_n can_v delegat_n any_o person_n to_o judge_v in_o the_o matter_n of_o blood_n except_o the_o say_a power_n be_v special_o allow_v he_o but_o the_o law_n allow_v even_o to_o depute_n though_o they_o have_v no_o power_n to_o delegat_v other_o a_o power_n to_o appoint_v another_o to_o judge_v for_o they_o in_o case_n of_o necessary_a absence_n l._n 1._o ff_n de_fw-mi off_o ejus_fw-la cui_fw-la man_v which_o lawyer_n do_v also_o allow_v ex_fw-la paritate_fw-la rationis_fw-la to_o such_o as_o be_v sick_a bart._n ibid._n and_o the_o reason_n of_o both_o be_v lest_o the_o commonwealth_n suffer_v by_o their_o absence_n or_o sickness_n for_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o crime_n be_v present_o try_v iii_o jurisdiction_n be_v divide_v by_o our_o law_n in_o cumulativam_fw-la for_o so_o we_o call_v that_o jurisdiction_n which_o be_v competent_a to_o several_a judge_n and_o whereby_o they_o may_v preveen_v one_o another_o and_o thus_o sheriff_n and_o baron_n have_v a_o cumulative_a jurisdiction_n in_o blood_n weit_n &_o privatam_fw-la for_o so_o we_o call_v that_o jurisdiction_n which_o be_v competent_a peculiarly_a to_o any_o one_o judge_n this_o distinction_n be_v use_v very_o much_o in_o our_o law_n and_o especial_o by_o craig_n pag_n 192._o who_o lay_v it_o down_o as_o rule_v that_o omnis_fw-la curia_fw-la delegatur_fw-la tantum_fw-la cumulative_a sed_fw-la nunquam_fw-la privative_a non_fw-la est_fw-la enim_fw-la quasi_fw-la translatio_fw-la juris_fw-la ex_fw-la una_fw-la persona_fw-la in_o alium_fw-la sed_fw-la tantum_fw-la mandata_fw-la jurisdictio_fw-la quae_fw-la non_fw-la obstante_fw-la jurisdictione_n sive_fw-la mandato_fw-la ad_fw-la huc_fw-la remanet_fw-la in_o delegante_fw-la nec_fw-la minus_fw-la dominus_fw-la post_fw-la juvestituram_fw-la vassallo_fw-la factam_fw-la retinet_fw-la jurisdictionem_fw-la &_o curiam_fw-la quam_fw-la antea_fw-la and_o thus_o albeit_o his_o majesty_n grant_v commission_n to_o a_o sheriff_n yet_o he_o ofttimes_o appoint_v other_o depute_n as_o mr._n william_n wallace_n in_o edinburgh_n sir_n gilbert_n stewart_n in_o the_o sherifdom_n of_o perth_n and_o it_o be_v find_v that_o though_o a_o prelate_n have_v appoint_v a_o heritable_a bailiff_n yet_o he_o be_v not_o thereby_o exclude_v from_o sit_v himself_o although_o he_o be_v thereby_o exclude_v from_o appoint_v any_o other_o heritable_a bailiff_n as_o be_v observe_v by_o have_v 1._o february_n 1610._o iv._o jurisdiction_n be_v say_v to_o be_v prorogat_n when_o a_o defender_n do_v willing_o submit_v to_o the_o judicatur_fw-la before_o which_o he_o be_v cite_v though_o otherways_o not_o altogether_o competent_a &_o affirmare_fw-la judicium_fw-la be_v to_o submit_v to_o a_o judicatory_a altogether_o incompetent_a it_o be_v a_o receive_a conclusion_n among_o lawyer_n that_o a_o delinquent_n may_v prorogat_v his_o jurisdiction_n who_o have_v a_o criminal_a jurisdiction_n but_o that_o by_o a_o act_n of_o he_o as_o by_o compearance_n and_o answer_v before_o a_o incompetent_a judge_n the_o delinquent_n can_v prorogat_n that_o judge_n jurisdiction_n who_o have_v no_o criminal_a jurisdiction_n at_o all_o clar._n quest_n 42._o and_o thus_o if_o a_o man_n be_v pursue_v for_o theft_n before_o the_o commissar_n their_o decreet_a will_v be_v null_a though_o the_o delinquent_n decline_v not_o the_o court_n but_o if_o before_o a_o sheriff_n the_o sentence_n will_v be_v valid_a though_o the_o delinquent_n be_v not_o of_o his_o territory_n and_o though_o he_o be_v pursue_v for_o a_o crime_n to_o which_o the_o sheriff_n be_v not_o otherwise_o judge_v competent_a but_o a_o private_a delinquent_n by_o prorogate_a the_o â—udges_n jurisdiction_n as_o say_v be_v can_v only_o prejudge_v himself_o by_o his_o own_o compliance_n but_o can_v prejudge_v any_o other_o judge_n of_o his_o casuality_n title_n ii_o of_o the_o judge_n competent_a de_fw-fr foro_fw-la competenti_fw-la 1._o in_o what_o place_n may_v a_o delinquent_n be_v try_v 2._o who_o be_v judge_n competent_a to_o crime_n commit_v by_o stranger_n 3._o where_o be_v vagabond_n to_o be_v pursue_v 4._o who_o be_v judge_n competent_a to_o ecclesiastic_a person_n 5._o prevention_n among_o judge_n competent_a explain_v and_o clear_v i._o for_o understanding_n who_o be_v judge_n competent_a in_o general_n to_o punish_v crime_n and_o what_o find_v his_o competency_n or_o as_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o doctor_n speak_v quod_fw-la est_fw-la forum_n competens_fw-la it_o be_v fit_a to_o know_v that_o he_o who_o commit_v a_o crime_n may_v be_v judge_v either_o in_o the_o place_n where_o the_o crime_n be_v commit_v which_o they_o call_v forum_n delicti_fw-la commissi_fw-la or_o in_o the_o place_n where_o he_o be_v bear_v which_o be_v call_v forum_n originis_fw-la or_o in_o the_o pâ—ace_n where_o he_o dwell_v which_o â—s_v forum_n domicilii_fw-la the_o place_n where_o the_o fault_n be_v commit_v be_v of_o all_o the_o three_o the_o most_o competent_a for_o it_o be_v most_o just_a and_o fit_a that_o crime_n shall_v be_v punish_v where_o they_o be_v commit_v that_o other_o who_o have_v see_v the_o crime_n may_v by_o that_o punishment_n be_v deter_v from_o commit_v the_o like_a and_o that_o the_o party_n injure_v may_v be_v somewhat_o repair_v by_o see_v the_o law_n just_o revenge_v their_o wrong_n and_o in_o the_o place_n where_o the_o crime_n be_v commit_v accuser_n can_v most_o easy_o attend_v and_o probation_n can_v be_v soon_o and_o best_a hear_v act_n 6._o p._n 6._o i._o 1._o not_o only_a where_o the_o crime_n itself_o be_v full_o commit_v may_v it_o be_v try_v but_o where_o any_o part_n of_o it_o be_v commit_v and_o therefore_o a_o thief_n may_v be_v judge_v not_o only_a where_o he_o first_o break_v the_o house_n but_o by_o the_o judge_n of_o that_o place_n where_o he_o be_v take_v with_o the_o thing_n steal_v carleval_fw-fr de_fw-fr judiciis_fw-la pag._n 156._o but_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o place_n where_o he_o be_v take_v can_v only_o proceed_v against_o the_o thief_n in_o that_o case_n if_o he_o be_v present_a but_o can_v cite_v he_o if_o he_o be_v absent_a whereas_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o place_n where_o the_o house_n be_v break_v may_v cite_v he_o though_o he_o be_v absent_a and_o if_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o place_n where_o the_o house_n be_v break_v or_o the_o thing_n be_v first_o steal_v please_v he_o may_v require_v the_o other_o to_o remit_v he_o or_o send_v he_o back_o to_o he_o to_o be_v judge_v but_o this_o last_o will_v not_o hold_v in_o our_o practice_n for_o with_o we_o wherever_o a_o thief_n be_v take_v with_o a_o fang_n he_o may_v be_v hang_v nor_o be_v
full_a copy_n must_v be_v give_v because_o all_o diet_n here_o be_v peremptor_n and_o not_o with_o continuation_n of_o day_n the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v ut_fw-la reus_fw-la veniat_fw-la instructus_fw-la ad_fw-la defendendum_fw-la whereas_o before_o the_o session_n a_o short_a copy_n be_v sufficient_a because_o the_o summons_n be_v give_v out_o to_o see_v and_o a_o time_n allow_v to_o answer_v the_o diet_n be_v here_o so_o peremptory_a that_o if_o the_o defender_n be_v cite_v to_o a_o day_n whereupon_o the_o council_n sit_v not_o if_o he_o appear_v at_o the_o day_n to_o which_o he_o be_v cite_v and_o take_v instrument_n at_o the_o council_n chamber_n he_o will_v not_o be_v thereafter_o oblige_v to_o attend_v nor_o can_v he_o be_v denounce_v fugitive_n for_o be_v absent_a for_o see_v it_o be_v peremptory_a against_o he_o it_o be_v reasonable_a that_o it_o shall_v be_v peremptory_a for_o he_o where_o many_o party_n be_v cite_v as_o defender_n upon_o a_o bill_n to_o the_o council_n any_o one_o or_o two_o will_v be_v allow_v to_o answer_v for_o the_o rest_n they_o find_v caution_n and_o enact_v themselves_o to_o be_v liable_a for_o whatever_o shall_v be_v discern_v against_o those_o for_o who_o they_o undertake_v which_o privilege_n be_v grant_v if_o no_o personal_a punishment_n be_v conclude_v against_o the_o defender_n but_o if_o either_o the_o complaint_n conclude_v or_o that_o the_o crime_n will_v in_o law_n infer_v a_o corporal_a punishment_n then_o the_o offering_n to_o find_v caution_n to_o answer_v will_v not_o be_v allow_v nam_fw-la noxa_fw-la caput_fw-la sequi_fw-la debet_fw-la and_o no_o man_n can_v bind_v his_o body_n for_o another_o nam_fw-la nemo_fw-la est_fw-la dominus_fw-la suorum_fw-la membrorum_fw-la the_o pursuer_fw-mi may_v appear_v by_o his_o procurator_n but_o the_o defender_n must_v either_o be_v present_a or_o send_v a_o testificat_fw-la of_o his_o sickness_n upon_o soul_n and_o conscience_n and_o yet_o it_o be_v the_o privilege_n of_o any_o counsellor_n that_o he_o may_v undertake_v to_o answer_v for_o any_o defender_n that_o be_v cite_v quo_fw-la casu_fw-la the_o defender_n will_v not_o be_v unlaw_v or_o denounce_v fugitive_n upon_o his_o absence_n but_o his_o defence_n will_v be_v receive_v as_o if_o he_o be_v present_a nor_o can_v any_o bill_n for_o receive_v a_o complaint_n pass_v against_o a_o councillor_n but_o in_o presentia_fw-la the_o council_n by_o the_o first_o constitution_n be_v only_o to_o take_v cognizance_n of_o what_o concern_v the_o public_a peace_n and_o be_v neither_o judge_n in_o civil_a case_n nor_o crime_n but_o in_o so_o far_o as_o these_o impinged_a upon_o or_o be_v violation_n thereof_o but_o now_o that_o judicator_n do_v under_o the_o notion_n of_o riot_n and_o breach_n of_o the_o public_a peace_n hear_v to_o many_o cause_n civil_a and_o criminal_a but_o see_v the_o design_n of_o this_o treatise_n aim_v only_o to_o illustrat_fw-la our_o criminal_a law_n i_o shall_v only-conside_a the_o procedor_fw-la of_o the_o council_n in_o so_o far_o as_o they_o can_v cognosce_fw-la upon_o crime_n ii_o the_o most_o ordinar_n crime_n which_o be_v punish_v by_o the_o council_n be_v these_o which_o we_o call_v riot_n in_o our_o law_n a_o riot_n be_v a_o breach_n of_o the_o peace_n commit_v by_o oppression_n or_o wrong_v his_o majesty_n liege_n by_o force_n and_o violence_n instance_n whereof_o be_v the_o dispossess_v any_o of_o his_o majesty_n subject_n by_o a_o convocation_n of_o the_o liedge_n or_o otherwise_o the_o affront_a of_o magistrate_n by_o raise_v tumult_n against_o they_o etc._n etc._n for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o which_o crime_n it_o will_v be_v fit_a to_o consider_v that_o jura_fw-la maxim_n oderunt_fw-la violentias_fw-la &_o rapinas_fw-la &_o pluribus_fw-la modis_fw-la succurrant_fw-la vim_o passis_fw-la &_o spoliatis_fw-la for_o here_o the_o public_a be_v wound_v in_o break_v its_o peace_n and_o private_a person_n be_v wrong_v by_o the_o prejudice_n do_v upon_o which_o account_n the_o law_n have_v furnish_v more_o remedy_n against_o this_o than_o any_o other_o crime_n for_o either_o it_o may_v be_v pursue_v civil_o per_fw-la interdictum_fw-la unde_fw-la vi_fw-la so_o call_v from_o the_o first_o word_n of_o the_o edict_n which_o run_v thus_o unde_fw-la vi_fw-la tu_fw-la illum_fw-la dejecisti_fw-la terestituere_fw-la cogam_fw-la which_o interdict_v restore_v only_o the_o possession_n of_o immovables_n whereas_o moveable_n be_v spoilzy_v be_v crave_v back_o actione_n vibonorum_fw-la justinian_n also_o introduce_v that_o he_o who_o rest_n and_o violent_o take_v what_o be_v his_o own_o shall_v lose_v it_o l._n 7._o c._n unde_fw-la vi_fw-la for_o in_o this_o the_o resumer_n usurp_v the_o power_n of_o the_o magistrate_n who_o ministry_n be_v requisite_a in_o invert_v the_o present_a possession_n the_o canon_n law_n likewise_o have_v introduce_v beneficium_fw-la cap._n redintae_fw-la grandae_fw-la 4._o cap._n 3._o quest_n 1._o and_o menoch_n relate_v 17._o remedy_n and_o philip._n franc._n 24._o for_o recovery_n of_o possession_n and_o see_v the_o thing_n possess_v be_v still_o presume_v to_o belong_v to_o the_o possessor_n and_o that_o hardly_o the_o right_n of_o moveable_n can_v be_v otherwise_o prove_v then_o by_o possession_n the_o law_n do_v most_o reasonable_o both_o for_o secure_v property_n and_o punish_v violence_n establish_v that_o great_a rule_n that_o spoliatus_fw-la est_fw-la ante_fw-la omne_fw-la restituendus_fw-la and_o conform_v thereto_o the_o council_n who_o be_v never_o judge_n to_o property_n but_o only_o to_o possession_n so_o that_o in_o effect_n all_o their_o sentence_n be_v interdict_v do_v still_o restore_v the_o possession_n to_o the_o person_n eject_v and_o likewise_o punish_v arbitrar_o the_o violence_n commit_v for_o we_o have_v no_o express_a statute_n tax_v the_o punishment_n by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n it_o be_v account_v no_o riot_n or_o rout_n except_o three_o at_o least_o be_v present_a and_o that_o something_o be_v do_v ad_fw-la terrorem_fw-la populi_fw-la for_o break_v of_o the_o peace_n bolton_n cap._n 31._o iii_o the_o two_o ordinar_n defence_n which_o be_v propon_v against_o riotous_a ejection_n be_v that_o by_o a_o writ_n it_o be_v lawful_a and_o agree_v upon_o betwixt_o party_n that_o the_o defender_n may_v have_v eject_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi if_o he_o remove_v not_o at_o the_o day_n appoint_v which_o will_v defend_v against_o a_o riot_n and_o yet_o craig_n relate_v a_o case_n p._n 198._o where_o one_o who_o have_v grant_v a_o tack_v only_o for_o a_o year_n have_v eject_v the_o tacks-man_n after_o expire_a of_o that_o year_n be_v pursue_v actione_n unde_fw-la vio_n in_o a_o action_n of_o ejection_n and_o be_v force_v to_o transact_v albeit_o he_o contend_v that_o the_o word_n only_o be_v exclusive_a of_o any_o future_a possession_n but_o where_o by_o express_a paction_n it_o be_v declare_v lawful_a for_o he_o who_o enter_v to_o enter_v brevi_fw-la manu_fw-la without_o process_n or_o hazard_v of_o ejection_n it_o will_v appear_v that_o this_o paction_n be_v unlawful_a see_v no_o man_n can_v warrant_v violence_n and_o this_o seem_v as_o unlawful_a as_o if_o one_o shall_v oblige_v himself_o never_o to_o pursue_v for_o any_o injury_n to_o be_v do_v he_o which_o paction_n the_o law_n declare_v express_o unlawful_a &_o nemo_fw-la potest_fw-la renunciare_fw-la juri_fw-la publico_fw-la and_o this_o be_v to_o allow_v private_a person_n the_o power_n of_o jurisdiction_n nor_o can_v it_o be_v think_v but_o this_o paction_n be_v extort_a and_o albeit_o the_o party_n injure_v be_v exclude_v by_o this_o paction_n yet_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n may_v certain_o pursue_v vindictam_fw-la publicam_fw-la if_o opposition_n be_v make_v and_o violence_n use_v notwithstanding_o of_o which_o i_o remember_v that_o the_o earl_n of_o argile_n have_v obtain_v a_o decreet_a of_o remove_v against_o george_n campbel_n and_o it_o be_v suspend_v till_o the_o next_o term_n the_o lord_n ordain_v it_o to_o be_v insert_v in_o the_o bill_n that_o the_o earl_n may_v eject_v he_o brevi_fw-la manu_fw-la the_o next_o day_n after_o the_o term_n by_o his_o own_o authority_n but_o the_o earl_n be_v sheriff_n here_o himself_o and_o so_o his_o jurisdiction_n be_v only_o prorogat_v and_o the_o law_n be_v express_v that_o privatus_fw-la potest_fw-la ex_fw-la consensu_fw-la prorogare_fw-la jurisdictionem_fw-la ejus_fw-la qui_fw-la aliqualem_fw-la habet_fw-la sed_fw-la non_fw-la potest_fw-la privatus_fw-la consensus_fw-la tribuere_fw-la jurisdictionem_fw-la ei_fw-la qui_fw-la nullam_fw-la habet_fw-la vid._n hanc_fw-la quaestionem_fw-la apud_fw-la bart._n ad_fw-la l._n creditores_fw-la c._n the_o pign_n &_o hipoth_v but_o here_o also_o the_o lord_n warrant_v to_o eject_v be_v a_o delegate_a of_o their_o own_o jurisdiction_n i_o conceive_v also_o that_o where_o there_o be_v no_o violence_n nor_o opposition_n make_v the_o voluntar_n consent_n may_v allow_v the_o ejection_n especial_o in_o a_o master_n towards_o his_o own_o tennent_n who_o have_v a_o natural_a jurisdiction_n in_o that_o case_n and_o that_o his_o ejection_n be_v also_o
mark_n though_o she_o be_v find_v guilty_a of_o nottour_n adultery_n which_o be_v death_n by_o our_o law_n sometime_o they_o ordain_v no_o sentence_n to_o follow_v upon_o the_o verdict_n of_o a_o inquest_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o purdy_n who_o be_v condemn_v for_o usury_n in_o so_o far_o as_o he_o have_v take_v anualrent_a a_o month_n before_o the_o term_n of_o payment_n upon_o his_o debtor_n voluntar_n offer_v and_o sometime_o they_o ordain_v some_o of_o their_o own_o number_n to_o revise_v the_o process_n and_o verdict_n which_o assessor_n do_v ranverse_v the_o whole_a process_n and_o ordain_v it_o to_o be_v tear_v out_o of_o the_o criminal_a register_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o george_n grahame_n who_o be_v pursue_v for_o theft_n it_o be_v allege_v that_o the_o assize_n have_v find_v he_o guilty_a of_o recept_n and_o so_o the_o verdict_n be_v find_v disconform_a to_o the_o libel_n and_o consequent_o the_o whole_a process_n be_v null_a yet_o when_o mr._n william_n somervel_n be_v find_v guilty_a of_o murder_n upon_o the_o deposition_n of_o one_o witness_n the_o council_n refuse_v to_o review_v the_o verdict_n as_o unwarrantable_a for_o they_o find_v that_o they_o can_v not_o quarrel_v a_o assize_n which_o condemn_v see_v assizer_n can_v only_o be_v quarrel_v for_o error_n when_o they_o assoilzie_a and_o when_o his_o advocate_n cite_v to_o they_o the_o 47._o act._n par._n 6._o k._n ja._n the_o 3._o whereby_o it_o be_v order_v that_o where_o a_o party_n find_v himself_o grieve_v by_o a_o assize_n by_o partial_a malice_n or_o ignorance_n it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a to_o he_o to_o cite_v they_o before_o the_o council_n and_o if_o the_o error_n be_v prove_v the_o party_n shall_v be_v restore_v to_o the_o condition_n he_o be_v in_o before_o the_o sentence_n to_o this_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o this_o act_n speak_v only_o of_o civil_a case_n and_o that_o by_o the_o council_n here_o be_v mean_v the_o session_n to_o which_o it_o be_v reply_v the_o rubric_n and_o act_n be_v general_a and_o treat_v of_o all_o person_n wrong_v &_o qui_fw-la totum_fw-la dicit_fw-la nihil_fw-la excipit_fw-la and_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o law_n be_v comprehensive_a of_o both_o from_o all_o this_o some_o do_v conclude_v that_o if_o the_o justice_n err_v in_o judge_v the_o relevancy_n or_o if_o the_o assize_n find_v that_o prove_v which_o be_v not_o remit_v to_o they_o that_o in_o either_o of_o these_o case_n the_o council_n may_v review_v the_o sentence_n but_o that_o they_o can_v quarrel_v the_o sentence_n upon_o the_o account_n that_o the_o verdict_n be_v not_o sufficient_o warrant_v by_o the_o probation_n sometime_o also_o the_o justice_n be_v conclude_v by_o the_o decreet_a of_o the_o secret_a council_n which_o be_v repeat_v to_o the_o assize_n as_o full_a probation_n so_o that_o the_o justice_n have_v only_o the_o execution_n of_o their_o sentence_n remit_v to_o they_o thus_o fleeming_n be_v convict_v before_o the_o council_n of_o have_v utter_v most_o disdainful_a speech_n against_o the_o king_n and_o therefore_o be_v remit_v to_o the_o justice_n to_o be_v examplar_o punish_v and_o upon_o production_n of_o their_o decreet_a which_o decreet_a be_v still_o express_v in_o the_o dittay_n he_o be_v hang_v 17._o may_v 1615._o vii_o if_o the_o law_n can_v receive_v full_a execution_n and_o obedience_n via_fw-la ordinaria_fw-la by_o the_o criminal_a sentence_n than_o the_o council_n upon_o production_n of_o letter_n of_o horning_n follow_v upon_o any_o criminal_a sentence_n and_o due_o execute_v and_o registrat_n use_v to_o grant_v letter_n of_o intercomune_v whereby_o all_o his_o majesty_n liedge_n be_v prohibit_v to_o intercomune_v with_o any_o of_o the_o rebel_n so_o denounce_v which_o letter_n must_v be_v publish_v at_o all_o the_o mercat-cross_n of_o the_o shyr_n and_o jurisdiction_n within_o which_o such_o person_n reside_v who_o intercomune_v be_v suspect_v and_o registrat_n there_o and_o if_o need_v be_v the_o council_n will_v likewise_o grant_v a_o commission_n for_o fire_n and_o sword_n to_o such_o person_n as_o they_o will_v name_v against_o the_o person_n who_o be_v disobedient_a in_o the_o criminal_a letter_n as_o say_v be_v and_o ordinary_o this_o commission_n of_o fire_n and_o sword_n be_v give_v to_o the_o person_n interest_v which_o occasion_n many_o great_a abuse_n and_o these_o commission_n be_v sometime_o grant_v against_o party_n who_o be_v never_o cite_v but_o upon_o a_o naked_a complaint_n exhibit_v to_o the_o council_n which_o be_v most_o irregular_a the_o council_n do_v sometime_o grant_v commission_n to_o bring_v in_o party_n dead_a or_o alive_a and_o that_o upon_o naked_a petition_n without_o any_o previous_a trial_n as_o they_o do_v against_o the_o laird_n of_o dinbaith_n upon_o a_o petition_n wherein_o it_o be_v represent_v that_o he_o have_v run_v away_o with_o the_o public_a money_n deliver_v to_o he_o by_o the_o shire_n for_o pay_v their_o cease_v and_o excise_n but_o this_o seem_v hard_a and_o it_o be_v to_o execute_v a_o free_a subject_a before_o he_o be_v hear_v or_o sentence_n pronounce_v against_o he_o for_o these_o private_a petition_n may_v be_v most_o unwarrantable_o found_v viii_o if_o any_o person_n keep_v out_o his_o house_n in_o garrison_n against_o his_o majesty_n the_o council_n first_o use_v to_o issue_n out_o letter_n against_o he_o to_o deliver_v up_o his_o house_n under_o pain_n of_o treason_n and_o they_o ordain_v a_o herald_n to_o go_v and_o summon_v he_o for_o that_o effect_n and_o if_o he_o refuse_v they_o ordain_v he_o to_o be_v process_v before_o the_o justice-general_a and_o do_v immediate_o before_o any_o criminal_a sentence_n grant_v a_o commission_n of_o fire_n and_o sword_n against_o he_o as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o burgie_n june_n 1668._o they_o use_v likewise_o of_o old_a to_o ordain_v nobleman_n and_o other_o who_o can_v not_o be_v apprehend_v by_o caption_n for_o civil_a debt_n to_o deliver_v up_o their_o person_n in_o any_o of_o his_o majesty_n castle_n under_o the_o pain_n of_o treason_n which_o though_o it_o be_v now_o indesuetude_n yet_o it_o be_v most_o reasonable_a and_o of_o excellent_a use_n see_v it_o be_v most_o absurd_a that_o any_o of_o his_o majesty_n liedge_n shall_v contemn_v his_o law_n and_o that_o such_o poor_a person_n as_o pay_v his_o majesty_n tax_n and_o imposition_n and_o who_o be_v obliedge_v to_o venture_v their_o life_n for_o he_o shall_v not_o likewise_o have_v the_o assistance_n as_o well_o as_o the_o protection_n of_o his_o law_n so_o that_o when_o the_o ordinary_a remedy_n of_o caption_n comprise_v and_o other_o fail_v these_o and_o other_o extraordinary_a remedy_n shall_v be_v allow_v until_o his_o majesty_n law_n be_v obey_v and_o the_o party_n so_o injure_v be_v full_o and_o final_o repair_v title_n vii_o of_o the_o exchequer_n jurisdiction_n in_o criminal_n the_o exchequer_n be_v only_o his_o majesty_n chamberlain_n and_o have_v no_o jurisdiction_n in_o criminal_o and_o yet_o they_o fine_a and_o confiscate_v such_o as_o transgress_v pecunial_a statute_n or_o wrong_v his_o majesty_n rent_n quo_fw-la casu_fw-la they_o do_v in_o effect_n judge_v crime_n for_o it_o be_v a_o crime_n to_o abstract_n custom_n or_o cheat_v the_o public_a and_o without_o this_o jurisdiction_n they_o can_v not_o manage_v his_o majesty_n rent_n so_o that_o this_o be_v jurisdictio_fw-la emanate_n found_v upon_o that_o rule_n quando_fw-la aliquid_fw-la conceditur_fw-la omne_fw-la concessa_fw-la videntur_fw-la sine_fw-la quibus_fw-la hoc_fw-la explicari_fw-la nequit_fw-la but_o be_v seem_v de_fw-fr jure_fw-la they_o shall_v not_o even_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la cognosce_fw-la for_o by_o the_o 89._o act_n 1._o parl._n ja._n 6._o it_o be_v statute_n that_o such_o as_o commit_v fraud_n in_o transport_v forbid_a good_n shall_v be_v punish_v at_o justice_n air_n at_o least_o the_o justice_n also_o have_v power_n i_o remember_v that_o in_o july_n 1668._o the_o exchequre_n do_v fine_a a_o very_a intilligent_a person_n for_o fill_v up_o a_o blank_a signature_n subscribe_v by_o the_o king_n and_o ordain_v to_o be_v fill_v up_o by_o the_o exchequer_n which_o some_o think_v irregular_a for_o either_o he_o have_v commit_v a_o crime_n &_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la he_o shall_v have_v be_v remit_v to_o the_o justice_n or_o if_o he_o have_v commit_v none_o he_o can_v not_o have_v be_v fine_v and_o albeit_o the_o exchequer_n or_o any_o other_o court_n may_v fine_a or_o imprison_v such_o as_o injure_v their_o jurisdiction_n or_o may_v ordain_v damage_n and_o interest_n to_o be_v repay_v to_o the_o party_n injure_v in_o any_o thing_n before_o their_o court_n yet_o no_o person_n have_v here_o be_v prejudge_v and_o the_o injury_n have_v go_v no_o far_o then_o à _fw-la simplex_fw-la conatus_fw-la there_o can_v be_v no_o damnage_n and_o interest_n incur_v but_o it_o seem_v the_o exchequer_n be_v still_o judge_n in_o criminibus_fw-la repetundarum_fw-la &_o de_fw-la residuis_fw-la the_o
and_o thus_o a_o assithment_n modify_v by_o the_o justice_n be_v exorbitant_a the_o lord_n by_o way_n of_o suspension_n do_v lessen_v the_o sum_n the_o reason_n of_o which_o decision_n be_v because_o they_o find_v this_o case_n to_o be_v but_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o damnage_n and_o interest_n and_o not_o to_o concern_v corporal_a punishment_n the_o 16._o of_o december_n 1664._o inn_n contra_fw-la forbes_n vii_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1555._o such_o as_o kill_v or_o wound_n to_o the_o effusion_n of_o blood_n or_o any_o other_o way_n one_o another_o during_o the_o dependence_n of_o a_o criminal_a process_n which_o dependence_n be_v declare_v to_o continue_v from_o the_o execution_n of_o the_o summons_n till_o the_o complete_a execution_n of_o the_o decreet_a that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi commit_v the_o say_a crime_n shall_v for_o ever_o loss_n the_o cause_n and_o the_o defender_n be_v guilty_a be_v to_o be_v condemn_v in_o the_o plea._n the_o pursuer_fw-mi or_o defender_n be_v 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sustain_v by_o the_o lord_n in_o prima_fw-la instantià _fw-la but_o this_o defence_n be_v not_o there_o allege_v and_o process_n be_v sustain_v albeit_o no_o effusion_n of_o blood_n follow_v the_o 29._o of_o july_n 1662._o harper_n against_o hamiltoun_n where_o it_o be_v debate_v whether_o the_o lord_n may_v summary_o receive_v probation_n of_o it_o themselves_o or_o remit_v the_o trial_n to_o the_o justice_n for_o which_o doubt_n i_o think_v there_o be_v no_o great_a ground_n because_o by_o the_o act_n foresay_a the_o justice_n be_v only_a judge_n in_o prima_fw-la instantia_fw-la and_o yet_o in_o sleiche_n case_n 1673._o it_o be_v find_v that_o no_o previous_a trial_n before_o the_o justice_n be_v necessary_a the_o earl_n of_o niddisdale_n pursue_v the_o tenant_n of_o duncow_n february_n 1672._o they_o allege_v absolvitur_fw-la because_o the_o earl_n have_v beat_v some_o of_o they_o who_o be_v send_v to_o execute_v a_o summons_n at_o their_o instance_n against_o he_o at_o least_o he_o have_v give_v order_n to_o beat_v they_o or_o ratihabit_v the_o beat_n of_o they_o to_o which_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o 1._o the_o beat_v some_o of_o they_o can_v only_o find_v a_o exception_n to_o such_o as_o be_v beat_v and_o this_o the_o lord_n find_v relevant_a though_o the_o summons_n execute_v be_v for_o a_o common_a cause_n and_o so_o in_o effect_n those_o who_o be_v beat_v represent_v all_o the_o pursuer_n 2._o it_o be_v allege_v that_o order_n to_o beat_v they_o be_v only_o probable_a scripto_fw-la vel_fw-la juramento_fw-la for_o though_o a_o crime_n ordinary_o in_o a_o criminal_a court_n be_v probable_a pro_fw-la ut_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la yet_o here_o quo_fw-la ad_fw-la civilem_fw-la effectum_fw-la it_o can_v not_o be_v so_o prove_v for_o else_o a_o nobleman_n whole_a and_o ancient_a heritage_n may_v ofttimes_o be_v take_v away_o by_o witness_n since_o process_n depend_v may_v extend_v to_o a_o nobleman_n whole_a estate_n 3._o it_o be_v allege_v that_o ratihabition_n or_o any_o deed_n ex_fw-la post_fw-la facto_fw-la do_v not_o infer_v the_o contravention_n of_o this_o act_n which_o require_v explicit_a deed_n as_o beat_v bleed_a etc._n etc._n the_o lord_n before_o answer_v to_o these_o two_o last_o alledgiance_n ordain_v witness_n to_o be_v lead_v before_o answer_v for_o clear_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o act_n and_o violence_n commit_v against_o they_o but_o in_o this_o case_n as_o in_o all_o other_o if_o the_o one_o party_n beat_v the_o other_o be_v force_v thereto_o by_o self-defence_n the_o striker_n will_v not_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la fall_v under_o the_o certification_n of_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n as_o be_v find_v the_o last_o of_o january_n 1673._o john_n sliech_n against_o swintoun_n in_o which_o case_n the_o lord_n also_o find_v that_o the_o certification_n of_o this_o act_n do_v reach_v such_o as_o wound_v one_o another_o during_o the_o dependence_n of_o a_o pursuit_n before_o a_o inferior_a court_n though_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o this_o respect_n be_v only_o due_a to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o session_n and_o that_o the_o act_n shall_v only_o reach_v such_o as_o pursue_v action_n before_o they_o for_o to_o lose_v the_o whole_a pley_n be_v too_o great_a a_o punishment_n for_o a_o incident_a riot_n before_o a_o inferior_a court_n i_o find_v likewise_o that_o one_o weir_n have_v be_v pursue_v for_o slaughter_n the_o 15._o of_o june_n 1591._o he_o allege_v he_o be_v absolve_v by_o a_o rolment_n of_o court_n at_o aberdene_n to_o which_o it_o be_v reply_v that_o the_o king_n have_v give_v a_o warrant_n for_o a_o further_a trial_n which_o reply_n found_v upon_o his_o majesty_n warrant_n be_v repel_v as_o contrary_a to_o law_n and_o because_o it_o be_v but_o a_o private_a rescript_n not_o subscribe_v by_o the_o chancellor_n nor_o past_a council_n and_o in_o respect_n the_o lord_n of_o session_n have_v give_v a_o warrant_n to_o proceed_v notwithstanding_o of_o the_o king_n private_a warrant_n it_o be_v also_o observable_a though_o i_o think_v it_o irregular_a that_o ludwharn_n have_v raise_v in_o anno_fw-la 1596._o a_o pursuit_n against_o momat_n and_o other_o for_o take_v he_o out_o of_o his_o house_n without_o a_o lawful_a warrant_n give_v in_o a_o bill_n to_o the_o lord_n complain_v that_o the_o duke_n of_o lennox_n as_o leiutennent_n of_o the_o north_n intend_v to_o repledge_a whereas_o that_o jurisdiction_n be_v only_o cumulative_a with_o the_o power_n of_o the_o justice_n and_o that_o he_o have_v a_o letter_n from_o his_o majesty_n ordain_v the_o justice_n to_o proceed_v wherefore_o he_o crave_v that_o the_o justice_n may_v be_v command_v to_o proceed_v which_o petition_n be_v grant_v viii_o albeit_o regulariter_fw-la the_o parliament_n or_o council_n grant_v warrant_n to_o advocat_n to_o appear_v for_o such_o as_o be_v panel_v before_o the_o justice_n yet_o i_o find_v that_o the_o lord_n grant_v a_o warrant_n in_o balmerinochs_n case_n to_o advocat_n to_o compear_v for_o he_o and_o see_v advocat_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o lord_n it_o be_v most_o reasonable_a that_o the_o application_n be_v make_v to_o they_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n likewise_o i_o find_v that_o when_o any_o of_o the_o lord_n be_v appoint_v assessor_n in_o criminal_a case_n by_o the_o council_n that_o they_o must_v have_v a_o warrant_v also_o from_o the_o lord_n for_o sit_v there_o as_o in_o tosh_n case_n 1637._o title_n ix_o the_o admiral_n jurisdiction_n in_o criminal_n 1._o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiral_n extend_v to_o all_o crime_n commit_v within_o flood-mark_a 2._o our_o admiral_n have_v execute_v pirate_n 3._o whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o such_o as_o apprehend_v pirate_n to_o execute_v they_o by_o their_o own_o authority_n in_o the_o ocean_n or_o when_o judge_n refuse_v 4._o any_o nation_n may_v judge_v pirate_n 5._o whether_o the_o justice_n have_v a_o cumulative_a jurisdiction_n with_o the_o admiral_n 1._o the_o lord_n high_a aâ—miral_n and_o his_o depute_n be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o all_o nation_n judge_n competent_a to_o the_o trial_n of_o all_o crime_n commit_v at_o sea_n and_o by_o a_o unprint_v statute_n with_o we_o the_o admiral_n be_v competent_a in_o all_o controversy_n action_n and_o quarrel_n concern_v crime_n fault_n and_o trespass_n upon_o sea_n or_o so_o far_o as_o the_o same_o flow_v or_o ebb_n vid._n ship-law_n correct_v by_o balfour_n do_fw-mi admiral_n etc._n etc._n cap._n 2._o our_o learned_a countryman_n king_n in_o his_o treatise_n which_o i_o have_v say_v admirans_fw-la habet_fw-la merum_fw-la imperium_fw-la mixium_fw-la &_o jurisdictionem_fw-la simplicem_fw-la potest_fw-la enim_fw-la non_fw-la solum_fw-la jus_o dicere_fw-la quod_fw-la est_fw-la jurisdictionis_fw-la simplicis_fw-la exequi_fw-la imperare_fw-la judices_fw-la dane_n coercere_fw-la quae_fw-la sunt_fw-la meri_fw-la imperii_fw-la sed_fw-la est_fw-la in_o facineroso_n animadvertere_fw-la quod_fw-la est_fw-la meri_fw-la imperii_fw-la de_fw-la omnibus_fw-la igitur_fw-la contraversiis_fw-la marinis_fw-la cognoscere_fw-la
make_v thereanent_a and_o if_o he_o find_v the_o say_a soverty_n initimation_n be_v always_o make_v by_o you_o to_o we_o of_o the_o find_v thereof_o that_o you_o summon_v a_o assize_n hereto_o not_o exceed_v the_o number_n of_o 45._o person_n together_o with_o sick_a witness_n as_o best_o know_v the_o verity_n of_o the_o premise_n who_o name_n you_o shall_v receive_v in_o the_o roll_n subscribe_v by_o the_o complainer_n or_o either_o of_o they_o ilk_fw-mi person_n under_o the_o pain_n of_o a_o 100_o mark_n as_o you_o will_v answer_v to_o we_o exit_fw-la deliberatione_n the_o form_n of_o a_o indictment_n be_v thus_o a_o indictment_n for_o sameikle_a as_o the_o abominable_a vile_a and_o filthy_a vice_n of_o incest_n be_v so_o odious_a and_o detestable_a in_o the_o presence_n of_o almighty_a god_n and_o be_v the_o same_o eternal_a god_n his_o express_a word_n so_o clear_o condemn_v therefore_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n out_o of_o his_o godly_a disposition_n and_o zeal_n by_o diverse_a his_o act_n of_o parliament_n express_o statute_n and_o ordain_v that_o whatsoever_o person_n or_o person_n commit_v the_o say_v abominable_a crime_n of_o incest_n shall_v be_v punish_v to_o the_o death_n as_o the_o say_n act_n of_o parliament_n in_o themselves_o proport_v notwithstanding_o it_o be_v of_o verity_n that_o the_o say_v a.b._n be_v marry_v with_o his_o lawful_a spouse_n daughter_n to_o c._n most_o shameful_o but_o fear_v of_o god_n or_o respect_n to_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n law_n have_v give_v the_o use_n of_o his_o body_n to_o d._n his_o wife_n â—ister_n in_o the_o month_n of_o 〈…〉_z in_o he_o and_o her_o journey_v betwixt_o the_o burgh_n of_o edinburgh_n and_o the_o town_n of_o elgin_n and_o within_o the_o say_a town_n of_o elgin_n in_o the_o which_o filthy_a and_o incestuous_a copulation_n she_o have_v procreate_v a_o bairn_n commit_v therethrough_a the_o say_v filthy_a crime_n of_o incest_n and_o adultery_n to_o the_o high_a offence_n and_o displeasure_n of_o 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to_o which_o they_o be_v macer_n the_o form_n of_o the_o execution_n be_v that_o there_o be_v a_o full_a copy_n of_o the_o letter_n deliver_v to_o the_o defender_n if_o he_o be_v personal_o apprehend_v or_o if_o he_o can_v be_v personal_o apprehend_v to_o his_o wife_n or_o servant_n or_o affix_v upon_o the_o gate_n of_o his_o dwell_a house_n if_o he_o any_o have_v and_o proclamation_n at_o the_o head_n burgh_n of_o the_o shire_n where_o a_o copy_n be_v likewise_o to_o be_v fix_v at_o the_o mercat_n cross_n but_o if_o there_o be_v more_o person_n than_o two_o and_o all_o be_v call_v for_o one_o deed_n and_o crime_n in_o that_o case_n two_o of_o the_o copy_n be_v to_o be_v deliver_v to_o two_o of_o the_o principal_n name_v in_o the_o say_a letter_n or_o their_o wife_n etc._n etc._n in_o manner_n foresay_a be_v sufficient_a q_o m._n 6._o p._n cap_n 33._o but_o if_o the_o person_n live_v in_o shire_n or_o country_n ubi_fw-la non_fw-la patet_fw-la tutus_fw-la accessus_fw-la the_o bill_n whereupon_o the_o letter_n pass_v use_v to_o contain_v a_o privilege_n for_o cite_v they_o at_o the_o head_n burgh_n of_o the_o shire_n and_o to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o letter_n bear_v their_o word_n and_o failze_v thereof_o by_o open_a procamation_n at_o the_o mercat_n cross_v of_o our_o burgh_n of_o etc._n etc._n because_o they_o be_v break_v man_n have_v no_o certain_a dwell_n and_o haunt_v and_o frequent_v with_o other_o break_a man_n where_o our_o officer_n dare_v not_o resort_v for_o fear_v of_o their_o life_n with_o the_o whilk_fw-mi charge_n swa_o to_o be_v give_v we_o and_o the_o lord_n of_o our_o council_n by_o their_o present_n dispense_v and_o admit_v the_o famine_n to_o be_v as_o lawful_a and_o safficient_a as_o if_o ilk_fw-mi a_fw-mi of_o they_o be_v personal_o apprehend_v this_o be_v by_o the_o doctor_n call_v citatio_fw-la edictalis_fw-la but_o if_o the_o party_n be_v out_o of_o the_o country_n he_o must_v be_v cite_v at_o the_o mercat_n cross_n of_o edinburgh_n peir_n and_o shoar_n of_o leith_n as_o in_o other_o case_n nota_fw-la though_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n foresay_a bear_v not_o a_o full_a copy_n yet_o it_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a that_o a_o full_a copy_n be_v give_v for_o the_o diet_n in_o the_o criminal_a court_n be_v peremptor_n the_o summons_n be_v not_o give_v up_o to_o see_v as_o in_o other_o court_n and_o therefore_o the_o defender_n shall_v have_v a_o full_a copy_n that_o he_o may_v come_v instruct_v how_o to_o defend_v and_o that_o he_o may_v timeous_o raise_v exculpation_n and_o if_o a_o full_a copy_n be_v not_o give_v the_o execution_n have_v be_v find_v null_n in_o totum_fw-la and_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n appoint_v they_o shall_v be_v null_a anno_fw-la 1665._o livingstoun_n contra_fw-la leith_n and_o though_o some_o think_v that_o in_o the_o case_n where_o a_o short_a copy_n be_v give_v the_o summons_n shall_v be_v only_o give_v up_o to_o a_o short_a day_n but_o the_o execution_n shall_v not_o be_v null_a yet_o i_o think_v that_o opinion_n be_v not_o find_v 1._o because_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n appoint_v the_o execution_n to_o be_v null_a where_o a_o copy_n be_v not_o give_v 2._o the_o give_v up_o to_o see_v can_v be_v sufficient_a for_o if_o the_o party_n have_v get_v a_o full_a copy_n at_o home_n upon_o the_o place_n where_o he_o live_v he_o have_v raise_v exculpation_n and_o cite_v the_o witness_n therefore_o upon_o the_o place_n their_o execution_n shall_v be_v subscribe_v by_o the_o executer_n and_o stamp_v and_o seal_v before_o witness_n else_o they_o be_v null_a act_n 32._o parl._n 5._o i._o 3._o and_o letter_n shall_v not_o be_v direct_a general_o against_o complice_n but_o the_o particular_a crime_n of_o every_o defender_n shall_v be_v express_v ja._n 6._o parl._n 6._o cap._n 76._o and_o ja._n 6._o parl._n 11._o cap._n 85._o and_o by_o this_o last_o act_n all_o criminal_a letter_n which_o import_n tinsel_n of_o life_n and_o movable_a good_n when_o they_o be_v execute_v by_o open_a proclamation_n at_o mercat_n cross_n shall_v be_v execute_v betwixt_o eight_o hour_n of_o the_o morning_n and_o twelve_o hour_n at_o noon_n though_o former_o when_o a_o party_n be_v in_o prison_n his_o indictment_n may_v have_v be_v give_v he_o upon_o twenty_o four_o hour_n yet_o it_o be_v find_v in_o the_o case_n of_o robertson_n in_o july_n 1673._o that_o a_o panel_n in_o prison_n shall_v have_v fifteen_o day_n at_o least_o that_o he_o may_v within_o that_o time_n either_o raise_v a_o summons_n of_o exculpation_n or_o may_v take_v out_o diligence_n for_o prove_v his_o objection_n against_o witness_n or_o assize_n and_o that_o conform_v to_o the_o eleven_o article_n of_o the_o regulation_n concern_v the_o justice_n court_n though_o it_o be_v allege_v then_o by_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n that_o there_o be_v no_o express_a warrant_n for_o that_o indulgence_n in_o that_o article_n and_o correctory_n law_n such_o as_o the_o regulation_n be_v ought_v not_o to_o be_v extend_v beyond_o the_o letter_n especial_o in_o this_o case_n where_o the_o panel_n be_v a_o murderer_n take_v with_o reid_v hand_n and_o justice_n be_v to_o be_v do_v against_o such_o by_o our_o old_a law_n within_o twenty_o four_o hour_n which_o reply_n be_v repel_v in_o respect_n it_o be_v duply_v for_o the_o panel_n that_o though_o the_o law_n do_v not_o express_v the_o time_n that_o be_v to_o be_v indulge_v to_o such_o as_o be_v criminal_o pursue_v yet_o it_o have_v express_v the_o reason_n for_o which_o this_o indulgence_n be_v to_o be_v give_v viz._n that_o the_o party_n may_v either_o exculpat_v himself_o or_o cast_v the_o witness_n or_o assizer_n that_o be_v to_o be_v use_v against_o he_o the_o law_n can_v not_o but_o allow_v a_o time_n sufficient_a for_o do_v that_o diligence_n it_o be_v a_o rule_n in_o
probation_n shall_v be_v lead_v in_o presence_n of_o the_o assizer_n 10._o the_o assize_n after_o enclosure_n can_v speak_v to_o no_o man_n 11._o how_o the_o assize_n ought_v to_o proceed_v after_o they_o be_v enclose_v 12._o wilful_a error_n in_o assiser_n how_o punish_v and_o by_o who_o i._o all_z judgement_n be_v at_o first_o pronounce_v by_o neighbour_n and_o thus_o among_o the_o roman_n be_v centum_fw-la viralia_fw-la judicia_fw-la and_o among_o the_o feudalist_n pares_fw-la curie_n be_v only_a judge_n in_o place_n of_o which_o last_o come_v our_o assize_n in_o france_n england_n and_o scotland_n they_o be_v call_v a_o condign_a inquest_n because_o these_o shall_v be_v pares_fw-la â—uriae_fw-la &_o ita_fw-la condigni_fw-la the_o word_n assize_n be_v original_o french_a and_o signify_v proper_o sit_v or_o session_n les_fw-fr assize_n sont_fw-fr les_fw-fr grands_fw-fr jours_fw-fr plaids_n solemnel_n roy_fw-fr charles_n anno._n 1413._o vid._n judicem_fw-la regean_n verb._n assize_n where_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o assize_n in_o french_a signify_v a_o judicator_n and_o in_o our_o law_n it_o be_v often_o take_v for_o a_o constitution_n or_o statute_n which_o be_v make_v by_o that_o session_n or_o sit_v of_o the_o judge_n and_o thus_o the_o statute_n of_o king_n david_n be_v call_v assisa_fw-la regis_fw-la davidis_fw-la and_o assisa_fw-la terrae_fw-la be_v call_v the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n assisa_n be_v likewise_o sometime_o call_v a_o measour_n and_o thus_o it_o be_v say_v ja._n 3._o pa._n 14._o cap._n 110._o that_o the_o barrel_n shall_v contain_v the_o assize_n and_o measour_n of_o 14._o gallon_n and_o the_o assisa_fw-la halâ—cum_fw-la or_o assize_n of_o herring_n signify_v a_o certain_a quantity_n and_o measure_n of_o herring_n which_o pertain_v to_o the_o king_n as_o a_o part_n of_o his_o custom_n ja._n 6._o pa._n 15._o cap._n 237._o and_o in_o the_o french_a law_n it_o signify_v a_o tax_n also_o regean_n ibid._n but_o the_o proper_a acceptation_n of_o the_o word_n assize_n as_o it_o be_v now_o determine_v by_o custom_n be_v to_o signify_v those_o who_o be_v choose_v by_o our_o law_n to_o determine_v either_o in_o civil_a or_o criminal_a case_n the_o matter_n of_o probation_n and_o be_v in_o effect_n neither_o proper_o judge_n nor_o witness_n but_o both_o ii_o for_o the_o more_o exact_a clear_n of_o the_o office_n of_o assizer_n in_o criminal_a case_n the_o reader_n may_v take_v notice_n that_o the_o libel_n always_o beat_v that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi shall_v summon_v a_o assize_n not_o exceed_v forty_o five_o person_n which_o shall_v be_v give_v up_o in_o a_o roll_n to_o the_o messenger_n and_o shall_v be_v subscribe_v by_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi which_o roll_n shall_v be_v annex_v to_o the_o end_n of_o his_o execution_n ja._n 6._o pa._n 6._o cap._n â—6_n but_o albeit_o this_o act_n appoint_v that_o the_o roll_n shall_v be_v subscribe_v by_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi yet_o it_o be_v sustain_v as_o valid_a though_o not_o subscribe_v by_o he_o if_o he_o homologat_v and_o ratify_v the_o execution_n give_v in_o by_o the_o messenger_n albeit_o it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o the_o summond_v of_o assize_n be_v eo_fw-la casu_fw-la not_o lawful_a see_v it_o want_v a_o warrant_n this_o subscribe_v list_v be_v by_o the_o foresay_a act_n of_o parliament_n and_o summons_n itself_o appoint_v to_o be_v the_o warrant_n as_o also_o albeit_o by_o the_o act_n the_o messenger_n be_v prohibit_v to_o cite_v any_o more_o than_o forty_o five_o under_o the_o pain_n of_o five_o hundred_o mark_n yet_o the_o execution_n be_v not_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la declare_v thereby_o to_o be_v unlawful_a and_o by_o that_o act_n it_o be_v likewise_o declare_v that_o upon_o supplication_n the_o lord_n may_v allow_v more_o person_n to_o be_v cite_v then_o forty_o five_o why_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi shall_v have_v have_v the_o choice_n of_o the_o inquest_n may_v be_v doubt_v and_o if_o assizer_n may_v judge_v ex_fw-la propria_fw-la scientia_fw-la it_o will_v appear_v that_o to_o allow_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi the_o choice_n of_o the_o assize_n be_v to_o put_v the_o defender_n absolute_o in_o his_o will_n and_o i_o find_v that_o gail_n l._n 2._o ob_n 34._o conclude_v that_o the_o custom_n of_o some_o place_n allow_v domino_fw-la electionem_fw-la parium_fw-la pares_fw-la apud_fw-la nos_fw-la signify_v assizer_n be_v most_o unreasonable_a quia_fw-la dominus_fw-la ita_fw-la est_fw-la quodam_fw-la modo_fw-la judex_fw-la in_o propria_fw-la causa_fw-la nam_fw-la est_fw-la procul_fw-la dubio_fw-la eos_fw-la electurus_fw-la per_fw-la quos_fw-la se_fw-la victoria_fw-la potiturum_fw-la sperat_fw-la alvarot_n ad_fw-la cap._n 1._o de_fw-fr contrav_fw-mi send_v to_o which_o difficulty_n it_o may_v be_v answer_v in_o defence_n of_o our_o law_n and_o practic_n that_o 1._o where_o the_o advocate_n be_v pursuer_fw-mi it_o be_v presumeable_a that_o he_o will_v be_v most_o just_a and_o that_o he_o will_v proceed_v without_o interest_n or_o malice_n 2._o these_o assizer_n be_v in_o effect_n either_o judge_n or_o witness_n and_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi have_v still_o the_o choice_n of_o both_o judge_n and_o witness_n if_o they_o be_v otherwise_o competent_a 3._o as_o the_o defender_n may_v decline_v they_o if_o there_o be_v any_o reason_n for_o it_o so_o they_o be_v swear_v nor_o be_v it_o presumeable_a that_o any_o will_v be_v so_o impious_a to_o condemn_v a_o man_n to_o die_v to_o please_v other_o upon_o which_o presumption_n our_o law_n lean_v so_o much_o that_o though_o assizer_n condemn_v unjust_o they_o be_v not_o liable_a to_o a_o assize_n of_o error_n as_o be_v believe_v but_o by_o the_o three_o article_n of_o the_o regulation_n 1670._o the_o list_n of_o the_o assizer_n be_v to_o be_v make_v by_o a_o quorum_fw-la of_o the_o justice_n and_o that_o list_n shall_v express_v not_o only_o the_o name_n but_o the_o designation_n of_o the_o assizer_n when_o the_o day_n of_o compearance_n be_v come_v and_o the_o letter_n be_v call_v and_o the_o assizer_n be_v likewise_o call_v and_o each_o absent_a assizer_n be_v for_o his_o absence_n fine_v in_o a_o hundred_o mark_n and_o their_o unlawe_n be_v to_o be_v take_v up_o without_o any_o composition_n ja._n 6._o par._n 12._o cap._n 126._o by_o which_o act_n it_o be_v likewise_o appoint_v that_o a_o act_n be_v to_o be_v extract_v upon_o their_o say_a absence_n and_o be_v to_o be_v deliver_v to_o the_o swearer_n or_o his_o clerk_n within_o six_o day_n thereafter_o that_o letter_n may_v be_v direct_a thereupon_o for_o take_v their_o unlawe_n but_o the_o pain_n of_o ilk_fw-mi absent_a assizer_n at_o a_o justice_n air_n be_v to_o be_v forty_o pound_n ja._n 6._o par._n 11._o cap._n 81._o if_o the_o assizer_n summon_v be_v not_o present_a other_o may_v be_v summon_v at_o the_o bar_n or_o apudacta_fw-la as_o we_o call_v it_o ja._n 4._o par._n 6._o cap._n 94._o when_o the_o assizer_n be_v call_v fifteen_o of_o they_o be_v mark_v and_o then_o the_o dittay_n be_v read_v for_o the_o debate_n upon_o the_o relevancy_n must_v be_v in_o presence_n of_o the_o assize_n ja._n 6._o par._n 1._o cap._n 90._o see_v albeit_o they_o be_v not_o judge_n to_o the_o relevancy_n yet_o since_o they_o be_v judge_n to_o the_o probation_n which_o depend_v much_o upon_o the_o relevancy_n and_o see_v the_o justice_n remit_v several_a defence_n which_o be_v propon_v against_o the_o relevancy_n to_o the_o inquest_n it_o be_v most_o reasonable_a they_o shall_v hear_v the_o debate_n iii_o the_o defence_n against_o the_o relevancy_n begin_v thus_o it_o be_v allege_v by_o a._n c._n as_o procurator_n for_o the_o panel_n that_o the_o panel_n shall_v not_o go_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n because_o etc._n etc._n and_o after_o all_o the_o defence_n be_v discuss_v the_o word_n of_o the_o interlocutor_fw-la bear_v that_o the_o justice_n either_o sustain_v or_o repel_v the_o defence_n and_o find_v or_o find_v not_o that_o the_o panel_n shall_v go_v or_o not_o go_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n and_o if_o the_o justice_n find_v the_o panel_n shall_v go_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n either_o the_o panel_n confess_v &_o quia_fw-la in_o confessum_fw-la nullae_fw-la sunt_fw-la part_n judicis_fw-la therefore_o he_o may_v be_v banish_v or_o scourge_v without_o be_v put_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o assize_n as_o in_o rutherfoord_v case_n the_o 9_o of_o july_n 1622_o and_o in_o job_n case_n who_o be_v scourge_v and_o banish_v for_o bigamy_n without_o a_o assize_n 19_o january_n 1650._o but_o if_o the_o crime_n be_v capital_a or_o the_o panel_n do_v not_o willing_o acquiesce_v to_o the_o punishment_n it_o be_v still_o secure_a to_o put_v the_o panel_n to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n because_o the_o justice_n be_v only_o competent_a judge_n to_o the_o relevancy_n and_o the_o inquest_n only_o can_v find_v the_o libel_n prove_v iv._o albeit_o it_o be_v a_o receive_a principle_n in_o our_o law_n that_o the_o justice_n
a_o subvassal_n by_o a_o subvassal_n and_o a_o burges_n by_o a_o burges_n but_o a_o low_a person_n may_v be_v judge_v by_o a_o high_a and_o by_o the_o chap._n 2._o stat._n alex._n 2._o a_o knight_n shall_v be_v judge_v by_o knight_n or_o free_a holder_n but_o by_o a_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la 1._o june_n 1591._o the_o lord_n of_o session_n declare_v all_o such_o as_o be_v land_v man_n sufficient_a to_o pass_v upon_o assize_n of_o error_n though_o the_o old_a law_n require_v noble_a man_n and_o gentleman_n only_o in_o such_o case_n and_o albeit_o of_o old_a it_o be_v uncontraverted_o receive_v that_o none_o shall_v pass_v upon_o the_o assize_n of_o nobleman_n except_o nobleman_n nor_o upon_o the_o assize_n of_o baron_n except_o baron_n yet_o of_o late_o it_o have_v be_v much_o debate_v and_o especial_o in_o the_o case_n of_o douglasse_n of_o spot_n 9_o may_v 1667._o at_o which_o time_n he_o be_v accuse_v for_o kill_v home_o of_o ecles_n it_o be_v allege_v that_o spot_n be_v a_o baron_n and_o so_o can_v not_o be_v judge_v but_o by_o baron_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n conform_v to_o the_o citation_n above_o duced_z it_o be_v reply_v by_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n 1._o neither_o the_o book_n of_o quon_n attach_v or_o the_o statute_n of_o king_n alexander_n be_v bind_v law_n but_o only_a book_n of_o apocrypha_n 2._o though_o they_o be_v law_n yet_o they_o be_v not_o in_o viridi_fw-la observantia_fw-la see_v burgess_n and_o other_o be_v daily_o admit_v by_o the_o late_a practic_n to_o pass_v upon_o baron_n assize_n and_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o make_n of_o these_o law_n assizer_n be_v judge_n both_o to_o the_o relevancy_n and_o probation_n whereas_o now_o in_o effect_n they_o be_v but_o witness_n and_o therefore_o since_o the_o law_n repose_v much_o less_o confidence_n in_o they_o now_o then_o former_o it_o shall_v not_o now_o be_v so_o scrupulous_a in_o their_o election_n 3._o burgess_n be_v in_o parliament_n allow_v to_o sit_v upon_o the_o assize_n of_o and_o forefault_n nobleman_n and_o it_o be_v against_o reason_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v admit_v to_o the_o more_o solemn_a judicator_n and_o be_v reject_v in_o judicator_n where_o case_n of_o less_o importance_n be_v ordinary_o judge_v and_o in_o which_o the_o sentence_n pronounce_v may_v be_v easy_o repeal_v 4._o diet_n before_o the_o justice-court_n be_v always_o peremptor_n it_o be_v probable_a that_o diet_n behove_v very_o frequent_o to_o be_v desert_v if_o only_a nobleman_n be_v to_o be_v judge_v by_o nobleman_n baron_n by_o baron_n 5._o by_o the_o state_n of_o king_n alexander_n above_z cite_v it_o be_v only_o requisite_a that_o knight_n be_v judge_v by_o knight_n but_o it_o be_v not_o add_v there_o that_o baron_n shall_v be_v judge_v by_o baron_n which_o show_v that_o that_o privilege_n be_v not_o allow_v to_o they_o even_o in_o those_o day_n and_o last_o see_v all_o man_n life_n be_v of_o extraordinary_a concernment_n it_o be_v not_o reasonable_a to_o think_v that_o he_o who_o can_v be_v judge_n of_o any_o man_n life_n may_v not_o be_v judge_n of_o the_o life_n of_o all_o man_n to_o which_o it_o be_v duply_v as_o to_o the_o first_o that_o debate_n be_v oppone_v whereby_o it_o be_v evince_v in_o the_o title_n by_o what_o law_n crime_n be_v judge_v in_o scotland_n and_o the_o book_n of_o quon_n attach_v and_o reg._n majes_n be_v our_o law_n and_o the_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la abovecited_a dispence_v with_o that_o privilege_n in_o some_o case_n do_v demonstrat_fw-la that_o regular_o this_o privilege_n take_v place_n with_o we_o likeas_n skeen_n in_o his_o treatise_n concern_v the_o procedure_n before_o the_o justice_n general_n cap._n 4._o sect_n 3._o cite_v these_o law_n as_o bind_v and_o give_v for_o a_o rule_n that_o no_o man_n can_v be_v judge_v in_o that_o court_n but_o by_o his_o peer_n to_o the_o second_o it_o be_v duply_v that_o this_o be_v a_o declinatur_fw-la and_o be_v arbitrary_a for_o party_n to_o plead_v the_o benefit_n thereof_o it_o can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v antiquate_v unless_o it_o have_v be_v allege_v that_o it_o have_v be_v plead_v and_o repel_v but_o as_o this_o citation_n out_o of_o skeen_n who_o be_v but_o a_o late_a author_n do_v show_v the_o same_o to_o be_v in_o viridi_fw-la observantia_fw-la so_o nobleman_n have_v late_o have_v the_o same_o indulge_v to_o they_o as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o traquair_n and_o lord_n ochiltree_n which_o be_v allow_v to_o they_o upon_o the_o law_n here_o cite_v to_o the_o three_o found_v upon_o burgess_n sit_v upon_o forefaulter_n in_o parliament_n the_o same_o do_v not_o meet_v the_o case_n see_v the_o parliament_n may_z abrogat_fw-la law_n and_o so_o be_v not_o in_o their_o procedure_n tie_v to_o they_o and_o though_o burgess_n singly_o be_v not_o peer_n to_o nobleman_n yet_o the_o collective_a body_n of_o the_o parliament_n by_o which_o they_o be_v condemn_v be_v much_o more_o their_o peer_n to_o the_o four_o it_o be_v duply_v that_o inconvenience_n be_v only_o to_o be_v look_v to_o in_o the_o make_n of_o law_n but_o not_o after_o and_o the_o inconvenience_n of_o the_o other_o side_n be_v much_o more_o press_v it_o be_v very_o inconvenient_a that_o a_o assize_n of_o 15._o mean_a tradesman_n shall_v be_v admit_v to_o try_v a_o duke_n or_o marquesse_n and_o it_o be_v a_o vast_a mistake_n to_o think_v that_o assize_n be_v only_a witness_n and_o not_o judge_n see_v they_o vote_v and_o their_o verdict_n be_v call_v a_o sentence_n and_o if_o art_n and_o part_n be_v libel_v the_o relevancy_n be_v in_o these_o case_n which_o use_v to_o be_v of_o all_o case_n most_o intricat_a simple_o refer_v to_o they_o without_o any_o debate_n to_o the_o five_o it_o be_v duply_v that_o the_o inference_n be_v mere_o conjectural_a but_o if_o the_o text_n be_v consider_v it_o will_v appear_v that_o by_o knight_n there_o be_v mean_v vassal_n or_o free_a holder_n for_o the_o latin_a translation_n render_v the_o word_n knight_n not_o eque_v but_o mile_n and_o it_o be_v say_v there_o that_o a_o knight_n shall_v be_v judge_v by_o knight_n or_o free_a holder_n so_o that_o the_o particle_n or_o be_v in_o that_o place_n exegetick_n and_o not_o disjunctive_a and_o to_o the_o last_o it_o be_v duply_v that_o all_o man_n life_n be_v not_o equal_o precious_a in_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o law_n for_o even_o by_o the_o roman_a law_n mean_a people_n be_v judge_v to_o die_v for_o many_o crime_n which_o be_v not_o capital_o to_o noble_a roman_n and_o though_o with_o we_o the_o punishment_n may_v be_v the_o same_o yet_o the_o way_n of_o procedure_v against_o nobleman_n be_v just_o allow_v to_o be_v more_o solemn_a upon_o which_o debate_n the_o justice_n ordain_v a_o new_a assize_n to_o be_v summond_v whereof_o the_o most_o part_n shall_v be_v baron_n and_o the_o remanent_fw-la land_v gentleman_n it_o be_v thereafter_o doubt_v whether_o a_o apparent_a heir_n of_o a_o baron_n have_v the_o same_o privilege_n so_o that_o none_o can_v pass_v upon_o his_o assize_n who_o be_v not_o baron_n or_o land_a man_n and_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o the_o apparent_a heir_n have_v this_o privilege_n and_o be_v a_o baron_n in_o the_o construction_n of_o law_n for_o his_o marriage_n or_o escheat_n will_v fall_v though_o not_o enter_v and_o as_o a_o baron_n though_o denude_v remain_v still_o a_o baron_n or_o a_o prelate_n though_o for_o age_n demit_v will_v be_v still_o a_o prelate_n so_o the_o apparent_a heir_n of_o a_o baron_n though_o not_o enter_v shall_v be_v still_o a_o baron_n as_o be_v find_v 23._o december_n 1674._o to_o which_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o a_o appearent_a heir_n be_v not_o nomen_fw-la juris_fw-la and_o privilege_n ought_v to_o be_v strict_o interpret_v and_o the_o appear_a air_n of_o a_o baron_n will_v not_o have_v a_o heir_n as_o be_v late_o find_v in_o sir_n allexander_n seaton_n case_n quem_fw-la sequitur_fw-la in_o comodum_fw-la etc._n etc._n whereas_o in_o law_n all_o baron_n may_v have_v heir_n nor_o do_v the_o instance_n adduce_v from_o the_o casualty_n of_o marriage_n or_o escheat_n militat_fw-la in_o this_o see_v these_o proceed_v ex_fw-la natura_fw-la feudi_fw-la non_fw-la ex_fw-la vi_fw-la privilegii_fw-la and_o be_v introduce_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o superior_a and_o not_o of_o the_o appearent_a heir_n upon_o which_o debate_n the_o justice_n 19_o of_o july_n 1675._o repel_v the_o objection_n against_o the_o assizer_n and_o find_v the_o privilege_a extend_v not_o to_o the_o appearent_a heir_n of_o baron_n mackintosh_n contra_fw-la frazer_n of_o culbokie_n not_o be_v this_o privilege_n extend_v to_o land_a man_n though_o infest_v if_o their_o land_n be_v not_o erect_v in_o a_o barony_n viii_o albeit_o it_o be_v ordinary_o receive_v that_o assiser_n may_v judge_v upon_o their_o proper_a
punish_v after_o the_o form_n of_o the_o king_n law_n in_o the_o first_o book_n of_o the_o majesty_n skeen_n observe_v upon_o that_o place_n reg._n maj._n that_o amittere_fw-la legem_fw-la terrae_fw-la be_v the_o same_o with_o non_fw-la habere_fw-la personam_fw-la standi_fw-la injudicio_fw-la and_o they_o can_v never_o be_v admit_v thereafter_o as_o witness_n neither_o in_o writ_n nor_o in_o judgement_n vid._n tit_n perjury_n but_o to_o the_o end_n it_o may_v be_v know_v which_o of_o the_o assize_n assoilzy_v it_o be_v by_o the_o 9_o article_n regul_n 1670._o appoint_v that_o the_o chancellor_n of_o the_o assize_n mark_v upon_o the_o same_o papper_n upon_o which_o the_o verdict_n be_v write_v who_o condemn_v and_o who_o assoilzâ—ed_v which_o paper_n be_v to_o be_v seal_v and_o keep_v till_o a_o summons_n of_o error_n be_v raise_v the_o council_n sometime_o rescind_v verdict_n without_o any_o action_n of_o error_n in_o criminalibus_fw-la as_o in_o george_n ghrahams_n case_n where_o they_o ordain_v the_o verdict_n of_o the_o inquest_n whereby_o he_o be_v find_v to_o be_v art_n and_o part_n of_o recept_n of_o steal_a bond_n to_o be_v unjust_a and_o restore_v he_o against_o the_o same_o but_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o these_o who_o be_v unjust_o condemn_v may_v be_v restore_v against_o that_o verdict_n though_o it_o be_v find_v unjust_a see_v these_o who_o be_v unjust_o assoilzy_v can_v be_v thereafter_o pursue_v though_o the_o absolvitur_fw-la be_v find_v unjust_a per_fw-la argumentum_fw-la à _fw-la contrario_fw-la vid._n titl_n of_o the_o council_n where_o this_o question_n be_v full_o debate_v and_o determine_v title_n xxiv_o of_o probation_n by_o confession_n 1._o probation_n define_v 2._o probation_n by_o confession_n if_o judicial_a be_v the_o strong_a of_o all_o probation_n 3._o in_o what_o case_n be_v a_o extrajudicial_a confession_n allowable_a 4._o what_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o a_o qualify_a confession_n 5._o the_o effect_n of_o a_o confession_n emit_v before_o a_o incompetent_a judge_n 6._o how_o far_o a_o minor_n confession_n obliedge_n probation_n be_v so_o full_o treat_v of_o by_o the_o civilian_n and_o cannenist_n and_o we_o differ_v so_o little_a from_o they_o that_o i_o shall_v only_o treat_v of_o it_o here_o in_o relation_n to_o our_o own_o law_n i._o probation_n be_v define_v to_o be_v that_o whereby_o the_o judge_n be_v convince_v of_o what_o be_v asseâ—ted_v and_o it_o may_v be_v divide_v in_o probation_n by_o confession_n by_o oath_n by_o writ_n by_o witness_n and_o by_o presumption_n ii_o probation_n by_o confession_n be_v the_o most_o secure_a of_o all_o other_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v say_v in_o law_n that_o in_o confitentem_fw-la nullae_fw-la sunt_fw-la part_n judicis_fw-la suitable_a to_o which_o such_o as_o confess_v be_v ofttimes_o codemn_v without_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n as_o i_o have_v more_o full_o treat_v in_o the_o title_n of_o assize_n but_o because_o man_n will_v sometime_o confess_v a_o crime_n rather_o out_o of_o weariness_n of_o their_o life_n than_o a_o consciousness_n of_o guilt_n therefore_o the_o law_n have_v require_v that_o if_o there_o appear_v any_o aversion_n for_o life_n taedium_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la or_o any_o sign_n of_o distraction_n or_o madness_n that_o these_o confession_n shall_v not_o be_v rest_v upon_o except_o they_o be_v adminiculat_fw-la with_o other_o probation_n as_o also_o because_o confession_n be_v ofttimes_o emit_v negligent_o the_o confessor_n think_v that_o their_o private_a confession_n can_v prejudge_v they_o therefore_o the_o law_n do_v only_o give_v credit_n to_o judicial_a confession_n and_o not_o to_o these_o that_o be_v extrajudicial_a &_o extra_fw-la bancum_fw-la which_o maxim_n be_v strong_a with_o we_o then_o elsewhere_o because_o by_o a_o particular_a act_n of_o parliament_n ja._n 6._o parl._n 11._o cap._n 90._o all_o probation_n shall_v be_v lead_v in_o presence_n of_o the_o assize_n iii_o this_o maxim_n do_v admit_v in_o farin_n icius_fw-la opinion_n many_o limitation_n as_o 1._o that_o if_o the_o extrajudicial_a confession_n be_v adminiculat_fw-la by_o other_o presumption_n it_o be_v sufficient_a but_o except_o the_o presumption_n be_v very_o violent_a i_o can_v allow_v this_o limitation_n see_v confessio_fw-la extrajudicialis_fw-la in_o se_fw-la nulla_fw-la est_fw-la &_o quod_fw-la nullum_fw-la est_fw-la non_fw-la potest_fw-la adminiculari_fw-la and_o therefore_o some_o approve_v bossius_n who_o admit_v this_o confession_n though_o adminiculat_fw-la only_a to_o infer_v paenam_fw-la extraordinariam_fw-la sed_fw-la non_fw-la ordinariam_fw-la for_o certain_o such_o prevarication_n and_o abuse_v of_o truth_n and_o judge_n deserve_v some_o punishment_n the_o second_o limitation_n be_v that_o if_o the_o confession_n be_v admit_v in_o presence_n of_o the_o accuser_n and_o accept_v by_o he_o than_o it_o be_v valid_a though_o extrajudicial_a but_o this_o i_o allow_v not_o because_o it_o be_v still_o extrajudicial_a and_o the_o confessor_n know_v that_o he_o shall_v not_o die_v upon_o such_o a_o confession_n for_o which_o reason_n likewise_o i_o approve_v not_o the_o three_o and_o four_o limitation_n which_o be_v that_o if_o the_o extrajudicial_a confession_n be_v geminata_fw-la and_o reiterated_a or_o emit_v in_o presence_n of_o a_o multitude_n or_o ad_fw-la exonerationem_fw-la conscientiae_fw-la that_o then_o it_o shall_v be_v valid_a and_o i_o remember_v that_o though_o major_a weir_n confess_v sodomy_n and_o incest_n to_o minister_n and_o magistrate_n joint_o for_o exoneration_n of_o his_o conscience_n in_o presence_n of_o many_o person_n that_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n take_v great_a pain_n to_o bring_v he_o to_o a_o judicial_a confession_n as_o think_v the_o former_a not_o sufficient_a and_o yet_o frazer_n be_v condemn_v upon_o a_o confession_n emit_v before_o the_o assembly_n at_o aberdene_n and_o other_o noble_a man_n though_o retract_v 1641._o where_o this_o limitation_n be_v allege_v upon_o out_o of_o farinacius_n and_o this_o be_v represent_v to_o the_o parliament_n they_o refuse_v to_o give_v their_o opinion_n and_o refer_v all_o back_n to_o the_o justice_n who_o sustain_v the_o confession_n adminiculate_v as_o say_v be_v the_o six_o limitation_n be_v that_o a_o extrajudicial_a confession_n be_v valid_a if_o upon_o oath_n but_o i_o allow_v not_o this_o see_v oath_n be_v not_o allow_v in_o criminal_a case_n nor_o can_v the_o panel_n be_v force_v thereto_o and_o if_o he_o swear_v ultronious_o and_o undesired_a the_o confession_n will_v appear_v to_o i_o to_o be_v suspect_n as_o emited_a either_o per_fw-la surorem_fw-la vel_fw-la ex_fw-la taedio_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la the_o seven_o limitation_n be_v that_o a_o extrajudicial_a confession_n be_v sufficient_a when_o the_o crime_n confess_v consist_v in_o animo_fw-la as_o for_o instance_n if_o it_o be_v doubt_v upon_o what_o reason_n a_o person_n accuse_v flee_v or_o shoot_v a_o pistol_n etc._n etc._n but_o i_o neither_o allow_v this_o limitation_n for_o else_o it_o shall_v be_v as_o large_a as_o the_o rule_n see_v all_o crime_n require_v animum_fw-la delinquendi_fw-la and_o yet_o i_o think_v that_o some_o circumstance_n of_o a_o crime_n may_v be_v prove_v by_o a_o extrajudicial_a confession_n and_o so_o this_o limitation_n may_v be_v true_a in_o that_o sense_n all_o these_o limitation_n be_v large_o rather_o than_o exact_o set_v down_o by_o farin_n de_fw-fr reo_fw-la confesso_fw-la quest_n 81._o reg._n 10._o confession_n though_o extrajudicial_a may_v be_v sufficient_a if_o adminiculat_fw-la to_o subject_v the_o confessor_n to_o the_o torture_n but_o this_o be_v rare_o practise_v with_o we_o but_o i_o remember_v to_o have_v see_v mitchel_n late_o torture_v upon_o his_o retract_n a_o confession_n emit_v by_o he_o in_o presence_n of_o his_o majesty_n privy_a council_n and_o a_o confession_n extort_a by_o torture_n be_v in_o no_o law_n sufficient_a so_o that_o except_o it_o be_v adhere_v to_o after_o the_o person_n torture_v be_v remove_v from_o the_o rack_n for_o two_o or_o three_o day_n it_o make_v no_o faith_n farin_n de_fw-fr reo_fw-la confesso_fw-la cap._n 3._o the_o custom_n with_o we_o be_v that_o the_o advocate_n do_v in_o presence_n of_o the_o justice_n examine_v the_o party_n to_o be_v accuse_v and_o if_o he_o confess_v either_o he_o subscribe_v his_o confession_n if_o he_o can_v write_v or_o else_o the_o justice_n subscribe_v for_o he_o or_o which_o be_v secure_a make_v two_o nottar_n and_o four_o witness_n subscribe_v and_o albeit_o a_o confession_n thus_o subscribe_v by_o two_o nottar_n before_o four_o witness_n be_v find_v sufficient_a upon_o the_o 7._o of_o december_n 1669._o in_o the_o case_n of_o finla_n macknob_n who_o be_v pursue_v for_o theft_n yet_o it_o be_v then_o allege_v that_o the_o confession_n be_v not_o sufficient_a and_o that_o for_o these_o reason_n 1._o because_o all_o probation_n shall_v by_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n foresay_a be_v lead_v in_o presence_n of_o the_o assize_n and_o therefore_o when_o the_o probation_n be_v found_v upon_o confession_n the_o confession_n shall_v have_v be_v
in_o criminalibus_fw-la as_o be_v allow_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o doctor_n see_v with_o we_o they_o be_v exclude_v from_o be_v witness_n even_o in_o civil_a case_n ergo_fw-la à _fw-la fortiori_fw-la they_o ought_v to_o be_v reject_v in_o criminal_a case_n for_o albeit_o the_o doctor_n allow_v they_o sometime_o to_o prove_v in_o civil_a case_n yet_o they_o reject_v they_o in_o the_o same_o cause_n when_o they_o be_v criminal_o pursue_v as_o in_o furto_n etc._n etc._n farin_n quest_n 56._o num_fw-la 31._o and_o by_o a_o express_a act_n 1_o agust_n 1661._o the_o justice_n ordain_v that_o no_o woman_n shall_v be_v examine_v as_o witness_n in_o theft_n for_o the_o future_a except_o ex_fw-la officio_fw-la &_o cum_fw-la nota_fw-la and_o that_o same_o day_n they_o receâ—ved_v elisabeth_n watson_n as_o witness_v in_o theft_n against_o bruntfield_n 2._o woman_n be_v sometime_o receive_v witness_n in_o some_o case_n ob_fw-la atrocitatem_fw-la criminis_fw-la as_o in_o treason_n by_o a_o express_a act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la 1591._o and_o in_o witchcraft_n most_o ordinary_o as_o be_v to_o be_v see_v by_o the_o book_n of_o adjurnal_a and_o particular_o in_o the_o process_n of_o margaret_n wallace_n the_o 20._o of_o march_n 1662._o where_o margaret_n grahame_n and_o marion_n wear_v be_v receive_v witness_n 3._o they_o be_v admit_v in_o criminibus_fw-la domesticis_fw-la because_o of_o scantness_n of_o probation_n and_o thus_o they_o be_v receive_v against_o george_n swintoun_n who_o be_v accuse_v for_o murder_v his_o own_o wife_n within_o his_o own_o house_n 21._o agust_n 1664._o 4._o woman_n be_v receive_v witness_n where_o woman_n use_v only_o to_o be_v present_a as_o in_o the_o be_v bring_v to_o bed_n murder_v of_o child_n &_o in_o partu_fw-la supposititio_fw-la etc._n etc._n very_o many_o instance_n whereof_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o adjurnal_a book_n and_o yet_o farin_n quest_n 59_o say_n mulier_fw-la non_fw-la potest_fw-la esse_fw-la testis_fw-la &_o quo_fw-la ad_fw-la suppositionem_fw-la partus_fw-la si_fw-la inde_fw-la agitur_fw-la criminaliter_fw-la ad_fw-la suppositionem_fw-la corporaliter_fw-la puniendam_fw-la and_o by_o these_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o woman_n be_v not_o regulariter_fw-la admit_a witness_n in_o scotland_n likeas_n by_o the_o 34._o cap._n rob._n 1._o these_o be_v express_o exclude_v from_o witness_n bear_v yet_o matheus_n conclude_v they_o may_v be_v receive_v witness_n ex_fw-la hoc_fw-la quod_fw-la mulier_fw-la adubterii_fw-la condemnata_fw-la non_fw-la admittatur_fw-la ergo_fw-la in_o aliis_fw-la mulieres_fw-la admitti_fw-la debent_fw-la but_o this_o opinion_n be_v contrary_a to_o all_o the_o doctor_n vid._n farin_n quest_n 59_o casu_fw-la 1._o where_o he_o give_v it_o for_o a_o rule_n that_o mulier_fw-la in_o criminalibus_fw-la testis_fw-la esse_fw-la nequit_fw-la which_o rule_n extend_v so_o far_o that_o according_a to_o his_o judgement_n three_o or_o more_o woman_n can_v prove_v a_o crime_n num_fw-la 29._o the_o reason_n why_o woman_n be_v exclude_v from_o witness_v must_v be_v either_o that_o they_o be_v subject_a to_o too_o much_o compassion_n and_o so_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v more_o receive_v in_o criminal_a case_n then_o in_o any_o civil_a case_n or_o else_o the_o law_n be_v unwilling_a to_o trouble_v they_o and_o think_v it_o may_v learn_v they_o too_o much_o confidence_n and_o make_v they_o subject_n to_o too_o much_o familiarity_n with_o man_n and_o stranger_n if_o they_o be_v necessitate_v to_o vague_v up_o and_o down_o at_o all_o court_n upon_o all_o occasion_n v._o minor_n if_o they_o be_v pass_v fourteen_o year_n of_o age_n and_o no_o otherwise_o may_v be_v admit_v to_o be_v witness_n by_o the_o foresay_a act_n of_o k._n robert_n and_o it_o be_v allege_v in_o the_o process_n of_o margaret_n wallace_n 1622._o that_o margaret_n graham_n can_v not_o be_v receive_v a_o witness_n because_o she_o be_v not_o pass_v eighteen_o year_n of_o age_n this_o be_v repel_v because_o a_o testificat_fw-la bear_v that_o she_o be_v pass_v fourteen_o year_n of_o age_n and_o may_v be_v mane_v the_o reason_n of_o this_o objection_n be_v because_o minor_n understand_v not_o to_o answer_v all_o circumstance_n which_o must_v be_v necessary_o consider_v by_o the_o judge_n nor_o yet_o the_o nature_n of_o that_o oath_n which_o shall_v overawe_n they_o and_o they_o be_v very_o subject_a in_o their_o youth_n to_o corruption_n a_o clear_a instance_n whereof_o i_o see_v myself_o in_o a_o little_a boy_n against_o towie_n who_o after_o he_o be_v receive_v do_v first_o depon_n mâ—ny_n improbability_n and_o seem_v terrify_v with_o every_o question_n and_o thereafter_o confess_v that_o he_o be_v bribe_v with_o a_o very_a small_a and_o childish_a bribe_n in_o many_o case_n likewise_o witness_n be_v to_o depon_n upon_o that_o which_o require_v judgement_n as_o in_o prove_v self-defence_n ratihabition_n etc._n etc._n and_o in_o these_o case_n it_o be_v repuisit_a that_o the_o deponer_o be_v of_o a_o more_o advance_a age_n then_o fourteen_o vi_o by_o that_o act_n likewise_o of_o k._n rob._n such_o as_o be_v furious_a adulterer_n robber_n thief_n perjure_a scourge_v and_o servant_n can_v be_v receive_v witness_n not_o yet_o laik_v against_o churchman_n nor_o yet_o churchman_n against_o laik_n whereas_o according_a to_o the_o cannon_n law_n cap._n de_fw-fr cetero_fw-la decret_a de_fw-fr testib_n laik_n be_v forbid_v to_o be_v receive_v against_o churchman_n sed_fw-la non_fw-la contra_fw-la the_o reason_n of_o which_o constitution_n be_v give_v to_o be_v partly_o the_o reverence_n due_a to_o churchman_n and_o partly_o the_o hatred_n whereby_o laik_n do_v persecute_v they_o but_o this_o objection_n be_v just_o reprobat_fw-la by_o our_o custom_n by_o which_o likewise_o servant_n be_v receive_v to_o be_v witness_n notwithstanding_o of_o the_o former_a law_n against_o it_o but_o not_o for_o their_o master_n but_o whether_o he_o who_o have_v redeem_v himself_o from_o justice_n by_o a_o remission_n shall_v be_v receive_v a_o witness_n may_v be_v controvert_v and_o that_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v receive_v may_v be_v argue_v 1._o because_o of_o this_o law_n of_o k._n rob._n which_o do_v express_o repel_v he_o 2._o a_o remission_n take_v not_o away_o the_o guilt_n but_o be_v only_o a_o defence_n against_o the_o punishment_n l._n fin._n c._n de_fw-fr gener_fw-la abolit_fw-la and_o semel_fw-la malus_fw-la semper_fw-la praesumitur_fw-la malus_fw-la which_o wicked_a disposition_n can_v be_v alter_v by_o a_o remission_n and_o since_o the_o king_n can_v make_v a_o man_n good_a it_o follow_v that_o he_o can_v make_v he_o a_o sufficient_a witness_n 3._o it_o have_v be_v find_v by_o several_a decision_n that_o a_o person_n convict_v and_o bring_v off_o by_o a_o remission_n redemptus_fw-la à _fw-la justitia_fw-la as_o this_o law_n call_v he_o have_v be_v therefore_o set_v from_o be_v a_o witness_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o tossoch_n who_o be_v condemn_v as_o a_o false_a nottar_n and_o be_v thereupon_o set_v from_o be_v a_o witness_n in_o the_o process_n for_o burn_v the_o house_n of_o frendraught_n and_o yet_o i_o myself_o have_v object_v this_o against_o a_o english_a captain_n in_o argiles_fw-la case_n it_o be_v repel_v but_o to_o reconcile_v these_o two_o opinion_n i_o think_v we_o shall_v distinguish_v betwixt_o such_o as_o make_v use_n of_o the_o remission_n before_o they_o be_v convict_v and_o these_o who_o be_v convict_v and_o thereafter_o make_v use_n of_o the_o remission_n for_o those_o who_o propon_n upon_o the_o remission_n do_v eo_fw-la ipso_fw-la acknowledge_v the_o guilt_n yet_o that_o it_o be_v only_a fictione_n juris_fw-la and_o therefore_o the_o foresay_a law_n say_v copulative_a that_o convicti_fw-la &_o redempti_fw-la à _fw-la justitia_fw-la non_fw-la possunt_fw-la esses_fw-la testes_fw-la guiltiness_n which_o cast_v a_o man_n from_o be_v witness_n must_v be_v prove_v by_o a_o sentence_n and_o it_o be_v not_o find_v relevant_a that_o the_o theft_n be_v offer_v instant_o to_o be_v prove_v the_o 10._o of_o february_n 1673._o in_o ashintillies_n case_n but_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o sometime_o the_o theft_n be_v so_o recent_o commit_v that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o time_n for_o convict_v he_o and_o yet_o it_o be_v hard_o that_o a_o person_n so_o guilty_a shall_v be_v receive_v the_o dependence_n also_o of_o a_o criminal_a pursuit_n against_o a_o witness_n shall_v cast_v he_o if_o it_o be_v intent_a before_o his_o citation_n to_o be_v a_o witness_n else_o every_o witness_n may_v be_v cast_v by_o intent_v a_o criminal_a pursuit_n against_o he_o vii_o these_o within_o degree_n defendant_n by_o blood_n or_o affinity_n be_v likewise_o repel_v by_o the_o aforesaid_a act._n degree_n defendant_n be_v by_o our_o law_n the_o four_o degree_n or_o cousin_n german_n as_o be_v express_v in_o the_o foresay_a chapter_n and_o this_o term_n come_v in_o my_o opinion_n from_o the_o french_a word_n defendre_fw-fr to_o forbid_v so_o that_o degree_n defendu_fw-fr be_v the_o true_a expression_n though_o we_o say_v defendant_n by_o
dangerous_a to_o challenge_v a_o remission_n and_o i_o be_o inform_v that_o one_o of_o the_o learnede_a lawyer_n of_o his_o time_n be_v send_v to_o the_o castle_n for_o quarrel_v the_o king_n power_n in_o grant_v a_o remission_n for_o fire-raising_a yet_o i_o find_v a_o remission_n produce_v by_o john_n bell_n quarrel_v as_o null_n because_o 1._o it_o be_v give_v for_o murder_a christopher_n irving_n and_o so_o be_v null_a by_o the_o aforesaid_a act._n 2._o the_o remission_n shall_v contain_v the_o great_a crime_n and_o slaughter_n be_v not_o so_o great_a a_o crime_n as_o murder_v nor_o be_v the_o quality_n of_o fore-thought-fellony_n express_v 3._o it_o be_v not_o subscribe_v by_o the_o thesaurer_n the_o justice_n delay_v to_o give_v answer_n but_o i_o find_v not_o the_o person_n be_v punish_v 1643._o as_o also_o mackie_n be_v convict_v for_o falsit_fw-la and_o have_v enact_v himself_o never_o to_o return_v under_o pain_n of_o death_n thereafter_o he_o return_v and_o be_v pursue_v for_o his_o life_n allege_v upon_o a_o remission_n to_o which_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o the_o remission_n be_v null_a because_o he_o return_v before_o it_o be_v obtain_v and_o past_o the_o seal_n nor_o be_v it_o yet_o past_a upon_o which_o the_o diet_n be_v continue_v the_o 23._o of_o febr._n 1622._o but_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o the_o pursuit_n be_v here_o at_o the_o advocat_n instance_n only_o who_o can_v not_o quarrel_v his_o majesty_n remission_n upon_o no_o account_n iv._o if_o the_o party_n do_v willing_o grant_v a_o discharge_n of_o all_o grudge_n or_o revenge_n in_o the_o crime_n of_o murder_n this_o discharge_n be_v call_v a_o letter_n of_o slants_n and_o be_v call_v by_o the_o doctor_n litera_fw-la pacis_fw-la and_o thus_o plot._n consil_n 78._o say_v that_o gratiafacta_fw-la parti_fw-la nocenti_fw-la à _fw-la principe_fw-la non_fw-la valet_fw-la nisi_fw-la fiat_fw-la reparatio_fw-la damnorum_fw-la &_o interest_n vel_fw-la nisi_fw-la pax_fw-la sit_fw-la prius_fw-la habita_fw-la ab_fw-la haeredibus_fw-la offensi_fw-la this_o rule_n have_v some_o exception_n both_o by_o the_o common_a law_n and_o by_o we_o for_o by_o we_o exception_n be_v make_v of_o remission_n grant_v for_o pacify_v the_o highland_n and_o border_n which_o be_v valid_a though_o the_o party_n laese_v be_v not_o satisfy_v act_n 174._o p._n 13._o i._o 6._o which_o be_v introduce_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o public_a quiet_n and_o be_v found_v upon_o the_o same_o reason_n from_o which_o act_n of_o indemnity_n be_v grant_v without_o gratify_v or_o repair_v these_o who_o be_v ruin_v by_o the_o person_n indemnify_v and_o for_o that_o reason_n also_o rex_fw-la potest_fw-la gratiari_fw-la nocentem_fw-la sine_fw-la pace_fw-la privati_fw-la interest_n habenti_fw-la quando_fw-la damnandus_fw-la laborasset_fw-la pro_fw-la bono_fw-mi reipublicae_fw-la &_o fecisset_fw-la illud_fw-la per_fw-la quod_fw-la multorum_fw-la salus_fw-la causata_fw-la esset_fw-la l._n non_fw-la omnes_fw-la §_o fin_fw-fr ff_n de_fw-mi re_fw-mi militari_fw-la by_o their_o remission_n the_o party_n be_v not_o restore_v to_o his_o good_a fame_n l._n 3._o c._n de_fw-fr gen_n abolit_fw-la indulgentia_fw-la patres_fw-la conscripti_fw-la quos_fw-la liberat_fw-la notat_fw-la nec_fw-la infamiam_fw-la criminis_fw-la tollit_fw-la sed_fw-la paenae_fw-la gratiam_fw-la facit_fw-la and_o though_o i_o think_v this_o shall_v hold_v in_o such_o as_o be_v remit_v after_o they_o be_v condemn_v because_o they_o be_v know_v to_o have_v diffamed_a themselves_o by_o contract_v that_o criminal_a guilt_n yet_o it_o shall_v not_o hold_v in_o such_o as_o secure_v only_o their_o own_o innocence_n by_o a_o remission_n and_o redeem_v themselves_o rather_o from_o hazard_n then_o from_o guilt_n v._o the_o king_n majesty_n sometime_o restore_v the_o person_n condemn_v by_o way_n of_o justice_n per_fw-la modum_fw-la justitiae_fw-la which_o he_o do_v by_o rescind_v the_o sentence_n that_o stand_v against_o he_o as_o injust_a and_o this_o be_v do_v either_o in_o parliament_n if_o the_o person_n be_v condemn_v by_o they_o or_o by_o a_o review_n in_o the_o justice_n court_n if_o he_o be_v condemn_v there_o and_o in_o this_o case_n the_o party_n be_v restore_v not_o only_o to_o his_o fame_n but_o likewise_o to_o all_o his_o estate_n even_o though_o it_o be_v bestow_v upon_o a_o three_o party_n as_o be_v after_o much_o debate_n find_v by_o the_o parliament_n 1661._o in_o the_o case_n betwixt_o the_o marquis_n of_o montrose_n and_o the_o marquis_n of_o argile_n title_n xxix_o of_o prescription_n in_o crime_n 1._o how_o crime_n do_v prescrive_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n 2._o whether_o do_v crime_n prescrive_v by_o our_o law_n i._o according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n crime_n do_v prescrive_v in_o twenty_o year_n l._n querela_fw-la c._n defal_v and_o clarius_n do_v assert_v that_o general_o all_o the_o doctor_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o all_o criminal_a pursuit_n prescribe_v in_o that_o time_n but_o this_o prescription_n do_v not_o run_v in_o some_o atrocious_a crime_n such_o as_o sodomy_n parricide_n apostasy_n etc._n etc._n wherein_o they_o err_v for_o where_o the_o law_n say_v that_o either_o semper_fw-la paricidii_fw-la accusatio_fw-la permittitur_fw-la as_o l._n ult_n ff_n de_fw-fr leg_n pompey_n ad_fw-la paricid_n or_o that_o nullus_fw-la temporibus_fw-la arcetur_fw-la apostotarum_fw-la accusatio_fw-la that_o must_v be_v interpret_v the_o prescriptione_n vigniti_fw-la annorum_fw-la which_o be_v in_o law_n call_v longissum_fw-la tempus_fw-la but_o the_o crime_n of_o adultery_n and_o peculatus_fw-la prescribe_v in_o five_o year_n ii_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v with_o we_o if_o prescription_n have_v place_n at_o all_o and_o that_o it_o have_v not_o may_v be_v urge_v from_o these_o ground_n 1._o that_o prescription_n have_v no_o place_n with_o we_o except_o where_o it_o be_v warrant_v by_o a_o particular_a statute_n and_o there_o be_v no_o statute_n warrant_v prescription_n in_o criminal_o and_o if_o prescription_n found_v upon_o the_o civil_a law_n have_v be_v sufficient_a in_o scotland_n there_o need_v not_o any_o particular_a act_n to_o have_v be_v make_v in_o civil_a case_n but_o since_o our_o law_n think_v necessary_a to_o make_v law_n as_o to_o prescription_n in_o civil_a cause_n they_o have_v much_o more_o determine_v this_o poâ—nt_n by_o law_n in_o criminal_a case_n if_o they_o have_v think_v it_o fit_a to_o extinguish_v crime_n by_o prescription_n but_o on_o the_o contrair_a our_o act_n of_o prescription_n in_o heritage_n 1617._o have_v except_v the_o crime_n of_o falsehood_n from_o prescription_n 2._o there_o be_v jus_o quaesitum_fw-la to_o the_o king_n by_o the_o commit_n of_o the_o crime_n both_o quoad_fw-la vindictam_fw-la et_fw-la bonafisco_fw-la applicanda_fw-la that_o right_o can_v be_v take_v away_o from_o he_o but_o by_o a_o public_a law_n or_o his_o own_o private_a remission_n 3._o it_o seem_v unreasonable_a that_o because_o a_o private_a party_n will_v not_o inform_v be_v either_o afraid_a or_o negligent_a that_o the_o public_a shall_v therefore_o suffer_v 4._o there_o be_v no_o instance_n in_o all_o our_o practics_n where_o prescription_n have_v be_v sustain_v but_o one_o the_o contrair_a crime_n of_o a_o old_a date_n even_o after_o forty_o year_n have_v be_v punish_v 5._o â—emel_fw-la malus_fw-la semper_fw-la praesumitur_fw-la esse_fw-la malus_fw-la in_o eodem_fw-la genere_fw-la malitiae_fw-la and_o therefore_o it_o be_v unjust_a to_o suffer_v a_o person_n to_o live_v in_o the_o commonwealth_n who_o will_v be_v both_o do_v wrong_a himself_o and_o incite_v other_o to_o do_v so_o by_o his_o example_n yet_o for_o the_o other_o part_n it_o may_v be_v urge_v 1._o that_o the_o only_a end_n of_o punishment_n be_v that_o the_o crime_n commit_v may_v be_v punish_v to_o preveen_v the_o error_n of_o other_o but_o so_o it_o be_v that_o after_o a_o long_a time_n both_o the_o public_a be_v presume_v to_o have_v forget_v that_o any_o such_o crime_n be_v commit_v and_o the_o party_n injure_v or_o presume_v to_o have_v forget_v and_o remit_v their_o private_a revenge_n for_o satisfy_v whereof_o punishment_n be_v inflict_v 2._o after_o so_o long_a a_o time_n any_o probation_n that_o can_v be_v lead_v against_o the_o malefactor_n either_o fail_v or_o the_o witness_n after_o so_o long_a a_o time_n may_v have_v forget_v the_o exact_a circumstance_n and_o it_o be_v very_o hard_o upon_o testimony_n that_o have_v so_o unclear_a a_o causa_fw-la scientiae_fw-la as_o these_o witness_n can_v give_v to_o take_v away_o a_o man_n life_n likeas_n the_o witness_n and_o other_o probation_n will_v probable_o perish_v whereby_o the_o defender_n may_v have_v exculpat_v himself_o and_o mantain_v his_o innocenc_n so_o that_o the_o fisk_n or_o any_o private_a party_n may_v by_o their_o negligence_n or_o upon_o design_n prejudge_v the_o panel_n of_o his_o defence_n against_o the_o common_a rule_n of_o the_o law_n whereby_o man_n negligence_n can_v only_o wrong_v themselves_o and_o they_o have_v only_o themselves_o to_o blame_v that_o do_v not_o make_v use_n soon_o of_o the_o remedy_n appoint_v by_o
be_v allow_v by_o the_o justice_n who_o must_v find_v all_o libel_n relevant_a which_o bear_v consult_v with_o witch_n and_o that_o ditty_n be_v prove_v they_o must_v condemn_v the_o panel_n to_o die_v albeit_o i_o think_v the_o council_n may_v alter_v the_o punishment_n if_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o the_o user_n of_o these_o act_n have_v no_o wicked_a design_n nor_o intercourse_n with_o the_o devil_n therein_o xxvi_o by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n witchcraft_n be_v of_o old_a punish_v sometime_o by_o death_n and_o sometime_o by_o exile_n but_o 1._o jac._n this_o follow_a statute_n be_v make_v which_o i_o here_o set_v down_o because_o it_o be_v very_o special_a if_o any_o person_n or_o person_n shall_v use_v practice_n or_o exercise_v invocation_n or_o conjuration_n of_o any_o evil_a and_o wicked_a spirit_n or_o shall_v consult_v covenant_n with_o entertain_v employ_v feed_v or_o reward_n any_o evil_a or_o wicked_a spirit_n to_o or_o for_o any_o intent_n or_o purpose_n or_o take_v up_o any_o dead_a man_n woman_n or_o child_n out_o of_o he_o her_z or_o their_o grave_n or_o any_o other_o place_n where_o the_o dead_a body_n rest_v or_o the_o skin_n bone_n or_o any_o part_n of_o a_o dead_a person_n to_o be_v employ_v or_o use_v in_o any_o manner_n of_o witchcraft_n sorcery_n charm_n or_o enchantment_n or_o shall_v use_v practice_n or_o exercise_v any_o witchcraft_n enchantment_n charm_n or_o sorcery_n whereby_o any_o person_n shall_v be_v kill_v destroy_v waste_a consume_v pine_a or_o lame_v in_o his_o or_o her_o body_n or_o any_o part_n thereof_o that_o then_o every_o such_o offender_n or_o offender_n their_o aider_n abbetter_n and_o counsellor_n be_v of_o any_o the_o say_a offence_n due_o and_o lawful_o convict_v and_o attaint_v shall_v suffer_v pain_n of_o death_n as_o a_o felon_n or_o felon_n and_o shall_v lose_v the_o privilege_n and_o benefit_n of_o clergy_n and_o sanctuary_n if_o any_o person_n or_o person_n take_v upon_o he_o or_o they_o by_o witchcraft_n enchantment_n charm_n or_o sorcery_n to_o tell_v or_o declare_v in_o what_o place_n any_o treasure_n of_o gold_n or_o silver_n shall_v or_o may_v be_v find_v or_o have_v in_o the_o earth_n or_o other_o secret_a place_n or_o where_o good_n or_o other_o thing_n lose_v or_o steal_v be_v become_v or_o whereby_o any_o cattle_n or_o good_n of_o any_o person_n shall_v be_v destroy_v or_o to_o hurt_v or_o destroy_v any_o person_n in_o he_o or_o her_o body_n albeit_o the_o same_o be_v not_o effect_v or_o do_v be_v therefore_o lawful_o convict_v shall_v for_o the_o say_a offence_n suffer_v imprisonment_n by_o the_o space_n of_o a_o whole_a year_n without_o bail_n or_o mainprize_n once_o every_o quarter_n of_o the_o year_n these_o mountebank_n be_v to_o mount_v the_o pillory_n and_o to_o stand_v thereupon_o in_o some_o mercat_n toun_n six_o hour_n and_o there_o to_o confess_v he_o or_o her_o error_n and_o offence_n title_n xi_o murder_n 1._o the_o etymology_n of_o murder_n 2._o self_n defence_n define_v and_o whether_o it_o be_v punishable_a 3._o how_o moderation_n in_o self_n defence_n be_v say_v to_o be_v exceed_v 4._o how_o self_n defence_n must_v be_v propon_v 5._o how_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v prove_v 6._o what_o be_v casual_a homicide_n 7._o whether_o he_o who_o be_v do_v what_o be_v unlawful_a may_v defend_v himself_o as_o only_o guilty_a of_o casual_a homicide_n 8._o whether_o he_o who_o be_v only_o guilty_a of_o casual_a homicide_n may_v be_v fine_v 9_o what_o be_v homicidium_fw-la culposum_fw-la or_o faulty_a homicide_n 10._o what_o wound_n be_v to_o be_v judge_v mortal_a 11._o how_o the_o design_n of_o murder_v or_o forethought_a felony_n be_v to_o be_v clear_v 12._o homicidium_fw-la in_o rixa_fw-la when_o many_o be_v conjunct_a actor_n how_o punishable_a 13._o the_o kill_n of_o thief_n or_o such_o as_o resist_v authority_n how_o punishable_a 14._o whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o a_o father_n to_o kill_v his_o own_o daughter_n if_o he_o find_v her_o commit_a adultery_n 15._o assasination_n how_o punish_v 16._o murder_n under_o trust_n how_o punish_v 17._o what_o be_v art_n and_o part_n of_o murder_n 18._o how_o such_o as_o kill_v in_o the_o execution_n of_o law_n be_v punishable_a 19_o whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o kill_v a_o rebel_n 20._o the_o life-rent_a escheat_n of_o murderer_n fall_v in_o some_o case_n 21._o murder_n be_v one_o of_o the_o pley_n of_o the_o crown_n 22._o how_o sheriff_n and_o other_o judge_n ought_v to_o prosecute_v murderer_n 23._o whether_o remission_n can_v be_v grant_v in_o case_n of_o murder_n god_n almighty_n do_v to_o the_o honour_n of_o impress_v man_n with_o his_o own_o image_n add_v as_o a_o second_o obligation_n a_o natural_a horror_n in_o every_o man_n to_o be_v in_o any_o accession_n to_o the_o deface_v it_o so_o that_o he_o have_v consult_v his_o own_o glory_n and_o our_o security_n joint_o in_o these_o severe_a law_n which_o he_o have_v make_v against_o murder_n and_o his_o divine_a finger_n be_v not_o see_v so_o apparent_o in_o any_o discovery_n as_o in_o that_o of_o murder_n and_o it_o be_v very_o remarkable_a that_o these_o barbarian_n who_o see_v the_o viper_n fasten_v upon_o paul_n hand_n do_v instant_o conclude_v he_o guilty_a of_o murder_n because_o he_o be_v to_o their_o apprehension_n so_o miraculous_o punish_v i._o murder_n come_v from_o the_o dutch_a word_n moorde_n which_o signify_v caedem_fw-la ex_fw-la jusidiis_fw-la vel_fw-la proditorie_a factam_fw-la math._n h._n t._n and_o murder_n be_v proper_o different_a from_o slaughter_n the_o one_o be_v commit_v per_fw-la seloniam_fw-la the_o other_o per_fw-la infortunium_fw-la leg._n malc_n c._n 2._o and_o therefore_o when_o our_o law_n forbid_v kill_v under_o trust_n ja._n 6._o pa._n 11._o ch_z 81._o it_o call_v it_o murder_n under_o trust_n but_o when_o it_o speak_v of_o kill_v by_o accident_n or_o in_o self-defence_n it_o call_v it_o slaughter_n or_o homicide_n c._n 22._o par._n 1._o k._n ch._n 2._o ses._n 2._o and_o by_o this_o it_o seem_v that_o this_o crime_n be_v better_a write_v murder_n then_o murder_n though_o murder_n be_v the_o ordinar_n way_n of_o write_v it_o especial_o in_o our_o old_a law_n the_o civilian_n define_v murder_n to_o be_v the_o kill_a man_n by_o man_n unlawful_o and_o they_o divide_v it_o into_o that_o which_o be_v commit_v casual_o in_o defence_n culpable_a or_o wilful_o ii_o necessarium_fw-la homicidium_fw-la or_o homicide_n commit_v in_o self-defence_n be_v when_o a_o man_n be_v pursue_v or_o reduce_v to_o inevitable_a necessity_n have_v no_o way_n leave_v he_o to_o evit_fw-la his_o own_a death_n but_o by_o kill_v the_o aggressor_n this_o be_v in_o law_n call_v inculpata_fw-la tutela_fw-la or_o moderamen_fw-la in_o culpatae_fw-la tutelae_fw-la within_o which_o moderation_n if_o the_o defender_n contain_v himself_o he_o be_v no_o way_n punishable_a but_o if_o he_o exceed_v the_o same_o yet_o so_o favourable_a be_v self-defence_n that_o the_o exceeder_n be_v not_o liable_a to_o the_o ordinar_n punishment_n but_o be_v ordinary_o punishable_a according_a to_o the_o excess_n at_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o judge_n with_o we_o likewise_o self-defence_n be_v only_o punishable_a at_o the_o arbitrement_n or_o discretion_n of_o the_o judge_n by_o the_o 22._o act_n sess._n 1._o pa._n 2._o k._n ch._n 2._o but_o see_v that_o act_n ordain_v it_o to_o be_v punish_v at_o his_o discretion_n it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o in_o all_o case_n self-defence_n be_v not_o some_o way_n punishable_a and_o i_o remember_v that_o captain_n barclay_n be_v assoylzy_v in_o decemb._n 1668._o because_o the_o assize_n find_v that_o the_o kill_a sinclar_n be_v in_o his_o own_o defence_n the_o pursuer_n be_v to_o petition_v the_o council_n which_o be_v the_o ordinar_n way_n of_o tax_v arbitrary_a punishment_n in_o this_o case_n that_o he_o may_v be_v fine_v and_o very_o learned_a lawyer_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o self-defence_n be_v in_o all_o case_n punishable_a though_o attend_v with_o the_o most_o favourable_a circumstance_n of_o innocency_n from_o who_o i_o differ_v upon_o these_o reason_n 1._o by_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o doctor_n if_o the_o defender_n contain_v himself_o exact_o within_o that_o moderation_n he_o be_v no_o way_n punishable_a as_o be_v clear_a by_o farin_n part_n 74._o quest_n 25._o part_n 6.2_o self-defence_n be_v a_o duty_n and_o so_o not_o punishable_a for_o it_o be_v against_o reason_n that_o the_o law_n shall_v punish_v what_o it_o do_v comcommand_n 3._o the_o law_n say_v that_o omni_fw-la culpa_fw-la caret_fw-la qui_fw-la se_fw-la desendit_fw-la and_o in_o our_o law_n it_o be_v call_v murthrum_fw-la justum_fw-la leg_n malcol_n c._n 11._o and_o so_o to_o punish_v he_o who_o necessary_o defend_v himself_o be_v to_o inflict_v a_o punishment_n where_o the_o law_n acknowledge_v there_o be_v no_o guilt_n 4._o it_o shall_v be_v in_o the_o
power_n of_o every_o malicious_a rascal_n to_o wrong_v the_o most_o innocent_a for_o either_o he_o behove_v to_o suffer_v himself_o to_o be_v kill_v or_o to_o be_v punish_v by_o defend_v his_o own_o life_n and_o by_o the_o say_a act_n it_o be_v only_o declare_v leisum_n to_o punish_v but_o not_o necessary_a and_o yet_o by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n murderer_n se_fw-la defendendo_fw-la for_o fault_n their_o movable_n and_o both_o in_o that_o and_o in_o murder_n upon_o misadventure_n for_o so_o they_o call_v casual_a homicide_n the_o murderer_n must_v have_v a_o pardon_n statute_n 6._o e._n 1._o cap._n 9_o so_o great_a a_o regard_n say_v bolton_n the_o law_n have_v to_o the_o life_n of_o a_o man_n cap._n 15._o num_fw-la 16._o and_o by_o the_o law_n of_o savoy_n he_o who_o kill_v though_o in_o self-defence_n needs_o a_o pardon_n but_o the_o prince_n in_o that_o case_n can_v refuse_v to_o grant_v a_o pardon_n and_o therefore_o their_o lawyer_n call_v that_o pardon_n gratia_fw-la justitiae_fw-la cod._n fabr_n lib._n 9_o tit_n 10._o but_o with_o we_o no_o pardon_n be_v requisite_a albeit_o it_o be_v most_o ordinar_n to_o take_v remission_n in_o such_o case_n bear_v self-defence_n in_o their_o narrative_a iii_o this_o moderation_n be_v say_v to_o be_v exceed_v in_o these_o three_o viz._n in_o arm_n 2._o in_o time_n 3._o in_o the_o measure_n of_o follow_v striking_z etc._n etc._n this_o moderation_n be_v exceed_v in_o arm_n as_o if_o the_o aggressor_n have_v only_o a_o staff_n and_o the_o defender_n wound_v he_o with_o a_o sword_n or_o pistol_n the_o defender_n be_v in_o that_o case_n punishable_a for_o there_o weâ—e_v no_o reason_n in_o that_o case_n the_o defender_n shall_v have_v have_v any_o feâ—r_n of_o his_o life_n nec_fw-la erat_fw-la in_o dubio_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la constitutus_fw-la and_o yet_o this_o conclusion_n be_v not_o infallible_a for_o if_o the_o defender_n be_v much_o weak_a than_o the_o aggressor_n he_o may_v be_v excuse_v to_o use_v such_o unequal_a weapon_n the_o defender_n be_v say_v to_o exceed_v in_o time_n if_o he_o strike_v the_o aggressor_n ante_fw-la quam_fw-la sit_fw-la in_o actu_fw-la proximo_fw-la occidendi_fw-la for_o else_o it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a to_o every_o man_n upon_o the_o first_o apprehension_n of_o fear_n to_o kill_v the_o aggressor_n which_o be_v very_o dangerous_a and_o here_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o when_o any_o aggressor_n threaten_v to_o kill_v if_o the_o defender_n who_o know_v not_o when_o the_o threat_n may_v be_v put_v in_o execution_n may_v immediate_o kill_v there_o be_v probable_a reason_n to_o be_v urge_v for_o either_o opinion_n and_o albeit_o the_o punishment_n shall_v in_o this_o case_n depend_v upon_o the_o arbitrement_n of_o the_o judge_n yet_o if_o the_o aggressor_n be_v know_v to_o have_v any_o design_n to_o murder_n or_o be_v a_o person_n who_o use_v to_o execute_v what_o he_o threaten_v and_o if_o he_o have_v a_o sword_n though_o not_o draw_v or_o a_o pistol_n though_o not_o cock_v for_o if_o he_o have_v either_o of_o these_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o he_o may_v be_v lawful_o kill_v because_o he_o be_v in_o actu_fw-la proximo_fw-la offendendi_fw-la and_o no_o man_n shall_v wait_v till_o he_o be_v kill_v i_o think_v that_o though_o the_o aggressor_n be_v kill_v yet_o the_o defender_n have_v the_o benefit_n of_o self-defence_n and_o albeit_o he_o may_v be_v arbitrary_o punish_v yet_o he_o can_v be_v punish_v with_o death_n and_o many_o lawyer_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o he_o who_o threaten_v to_o kill_v may_v be_v kill_v which_o opinion_n they_o find_v upon_o these_o reason_n 1._o because_o the_o law_n look_v upon_o that_o which_o be_v unlawful_a as_o do_v if_o it_o be_v intend_v to_o be_v do_v and_o that_o in_o odium_fw-la of_o he_o who_o design_n what_o be_v unlawful_a â—_o there_o be_v great_a fear_n from_o some_o threat_n then_o from_o wound_n and_o therefore_o see_v it_o be_v lawful_a to_o kill_v these_o who_o assault_v we_o with_o wound_v why_o not_o and_o he_o who_o threaten_v 3_o d._n per._n l._n 1._o c._n quando_fw-la licet_fw-la cuique_fw-la etc._n etc._n mortem_fw-la inquit_fw-la imperator_fw-la quam_fw-la minabatur_fw-la accipiet_fw-la &_o id_fw-la quod_fw-la intendebat_fw-la incurrat_fw-la nor_o can_v the_o friend_n of_o the_o threatener_n complain_v see_v the_o aggressor_n be_v in_o effect_n author_n of_o his_o own_o death_n and_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o the_o defender_n have_v no_o design_n to_o kill_v yet_o the_o justice_n will_v not_o sustain_v minae_fw-la per_fw-la se_fw-la to_o be_v a_o sufficient_a qualification_n of_o self-defence_n but_o sustain_v it_o joint_o with_o the_o aggressor_n fyre_v a_o pistol_n though_o it_o mis-gave_a and_o though_o the_o defender_n may_v have_v flee_v january_n 1668._o sinclar_fw-la contra_fw-la barclay_n and_o albeit_o by_o the_o canon_n law_n insultatus_fw-la debet_fw-la fugere_fw-la and_o that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n he_o who_o be_v invade_v be_v oblige_v to_o flee_v as_o far_o as_o he_o can_v as_o to_o a_o wall_n or_o ditch_n bolt_n cap._n 15._o num_fw-la 17._o yet_o by_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o civilian_n a_o person_n invade_v be_v not_o oblige_v to_o flee_v far_o farin_n quest_n 125._o p._n 2._o it_o may_v be_v probable_a that_o if_o the_o defender_n be_v alone_o in_o a_o house_n or_o place_n with_o the_o aggressor_n and_o can_v expect_v no_o help_n that_o upon_o threaten_v or_o other_o probable_a design_n lay_v against_o his_o life_n he_o may_v kill_v the_o aggressor_n and_o from_o which_o may_v be_v deduce_v that_o the_o actus_fw-la proximus_fw-la which_o lawyer_n speak_v of_o must_v not_o be_v interpret_v only_o the_o have_v a_o sword_n draw_v for_o if_o a_o strong_a man_n have_v a_o weak_a in_o a_o lock_v house_n and_o threaten_v he_o may_v kill_v he_o though_o asleep_o if_o he_o can_v otherways_o escape_v the_o defender_n be_v say_v to_o exceed_v in_o the_o measure_n also_o if_o he_o kill_v he_o for_o wound_v who_o he_o may_v have_v shun_v or_o if_o he_o follow_v the_o aggressor_n which_o though_o it_o be_v not_o full_o lawful_a yet_o fugientem_fw-la persequens_fw-la dumodo_fw-la in_o ipso_fw-la actu_fw-la non_fw-la punitur_fw-la paena_fw-la ordinaria_fw-la licet_fw-la occiderit_fw-la boer_n decis_fw-la 168._o novemb_v 7._o and_o albeit_o much_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o arbitration_n of_o the_o judge_n as_o to_o all_o the_o three_o arma_fw-la tempus_fw-la &_o modus_fw-la yet_o the_o general_a rule_n be_v that_o if_o the_o defender_n exceed_v only_o in_o either_o of_o the_o three_o as_o v_o g._n in_o the_o arm_n or_o time_n the_o excess_n be_v say_v to_o be_v culpa_fw-la levissima_fw-la and_o no_o way_n punishable_a if_o in_o two_o of_o these_o as_o in_o time_n and_o arm_n than_o it_o be_v account_v culpa_fw-la levis_fw-la and_o be_v somewhat_o â—â—nishable_a but_o if_o the_o defender_n exceed_v in_o all_o the_o three_o as_o in_o time_n arm_n way_n of_o prosecution_n than_o it_o be_v culpa_fw-la lata_fw-la but_o yet_o he_o be_v not_o punishable_a as_o if_o he_o have_v dolose_o murder_v for_o though_o it_o be_v a_o rule_n in_o civilibus_fw-la that_o culpa_fw-la lata_fw-la equiparatur_fw-la dolo_fw-la yet_o it_o be_v a_o rule_n in_o criminalibus_fw-la that_o culpa_fw-la lata_fw-la numquam_fw-la equiparatur_fw-la dolo_fw-la ubi_fw-la agitur_fw-la de_fw-la paena_fw-la corporis_fw-la afflictiva_fw-la far._n quest_n 125._o part_n 6._o it_o iâ—_n also_o controvert_v among_o lawyer_n if_o see_v honour_n be_v as_o dear_a as_o life_n it_o be_v lawful_a to_o kill_v he_o who_o asperse_v our_o honour_n as_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o kill_v he_o who_o assault_v our_o life_n and_o albeit_o farinacius_n be_v of_o the_o judgement_n that_o he_o who_o be_v thus_o provockt_v be_v a_o person_n of_o far_o more_o eminent_a condition_n than_o the_o injurer_n kill_v he_o be_v not_o to_o be_v punish_v as_o a_o murderer_n sed_fw-la pena_fw-la extraordinaria_fw-la licet_fw-la injuria_fw-la sit_fw-la verbalis_fw-la yet_o in_o my_o judgement_n he_o err_v in_o that_o position_n for_o in_o effect_n that_o be_v not_o self-defence_n because_o the_o verbal_a injury_n can_v be_v retreat_v nor_o retain_v but_o it_o be_v revenge_v yet_o dolour_n iustùs_fw-la aliquando_fw-la operatur_fw-la ut_fw-la paena_fw-la ordinaria_fw-la temperetur_fw-la boer_n decis_fw-la 237_o but_o yet_o that_o be_v not_o allow_v in_o kill_v and_o such_o other_o injury_n quae_fw-la non_fw-la possunt_fw-la revocari_fw-la gothofr_n prax_fw-la crim_n §_o homicida_fw-la n._n 25._o and_o albeit_o this_o hold_n in_o verbal_a injury_n offer_v to_o our_o honomr_n ubi_fw-la nescit_fw-la vox_fw-la missa_fw-la reverti_fw-la yet_o if_o the_o injury_n offer_v to_o our_o honour_n be_v real_a and_o such_o as_o may_v be_v stop_v as_o by_o command_v a_o eminent_a person_n to_o loose_v down_o his_o breeches_n to_o be_v whip_v or_o do_v any_o most_o ignominous_o servile_a act_n to_o the_o aggressor_n in_o that_o caise_n i_o shall_v think_v that_o the_o