not far off for He did not make them and go away Sed ex illo in illo sunt Ibid. l. 4. c. 12. Do not hide from me thy Face Let me dye truly let me dye that I may see it Moriar ne moriar ut eam videam l. 1. c. 5. What art thou to me Have Mercy on me that I may speak What am I to thee that thou shouldest command me to love Thee and if I do it not shouldst be angry with me and threaten me with great miserys Is it not a small thing if I should not love thee Alas for me tell me by thy Mercies O Lord my God what Thou art to me Say unto my Soul I am thy Salvation Speak so that I may hear c. Ibid. Galeacius Caracciola Marquess of Vicum the Pope's Nephew upon his parting with his Friends and Family his Lady and Children weeping and crying and himself going to Geneva as an Exile had these words Let them be accursed that prefer all the pleasures of this World to one Hours Communion with Jesus Christ Anonym Joachimus Curaeus a German Physician in the close of his Life spake thus Come Lord Jesus and let all that love thee say Come and he that loves thee not let him be Anathema Maâ—anatha Thou knowest I love thee with thee I shall be the beginning of this New-year Mel. Adam Affiance in GOD. Jews THE Jews still pray for the re-edifying of the Temple with a still Voice that none can hear in these words Let thy will be before thy Face O God our Lord Lord of our Fathers that the holy House of thy Temple may be restored to our Days and grant us thy Will in thy Law And afterwards rising with great Joy and Clamour they sing a Prayer of Praise in hope thereof and sitting down again they read a long Prayer gathered here and there out of the Psalms and some whole Psalms and part of 1 Chron. 30. And lastly the last words of Obadiah v. 21. The Saviours shall ascend into Mount Zion to judge the Mount of Esau and the Kingdom shall be the Lord's Which they speak in hope of the Destruction of the Christians and their own Restitution they proceed singing And God shall be King over all the Earth in that day God shall be One and his Name One as 't is written in thy Law O God hear Israel God our God is One God And this word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 One in the next Prayer they repeat and resound for half an hour together One One One c. Looking up to Heaven and turning to the four corners of the World Purchas Christians Luther in great spiritual trouble having writ about the Walls and Tables in his Study in great Letters VIVIT He is alive to a Friend dedemanding of him the Reason replied Christ is alive and if he were not I would not desire to live one Hour longer Dr. Bolton in his Serm. Mahometans They look upon themselves as obliged to perform the inward acts of Faith and account all Actions without Faith as sins without any Merit F. Simon They commend nothing so much as Trust in God owning him for their only support Idem Heathens M. Antonius gave God thanks for his Assistance in the Government of his Will The Southern Americans when they go to Wars carry their Gods along with them and ask Counsel of them for all Affairs Rosse Obedience to His Laws Jews IN every Synagogue the Book of the Law is kept within a Chest written on Parchment in great Characters and carried to and fro on two Staves fastened to each end of the Parchment The Book which is the Pentateuch is wrapt in Linnen and covered with Silk Velvet or Tissue The two Staves are called the Trees of Life When the Praecentor brings forth the Book they all sing Num. 10.35 Let God arise and let his Enemies be scattered c. After some Anthems are sung one comes and kisses the Cloaths in which it is wrapt and with a loud Voice blesseth God who hath chosen them before all others and given them a Law Then the chief Singer reads a Chapter and the Book is kissed again after that elevated on high the whole Congregation shouting This is the Law that Moses gave to Israel When the Book is wrapt up again all both Young and Old kiss it touching it only with their two Fingers And while it is carried back again they all sing again Return Lord to the many Thousands of Israel Numb 10.36 Mr. Rosse Obedience to the Divine Laws Muscovites SOme Lutheran Divines in Sweden and Livonia have made it a Problematical Question Whether the Muscovites were Christians or not The Danish Gentleman who published the Embassie he was sent upon into Muscovy from Frederick the Second gives the Muscovites a very true Character in two Lines when he says They are subtile over-reaching humourous self-willed obstinate insolent and impudent regulating their Reason according to their Power that they have shaken hands with all Vertues to run themselves into all manner of Vice D. of H. Ambass Trav. Ceylan A witty Man of Ceylan and a good natural Philosopher called Alegamma Motiar having conversed with the Jesuits and desiring to be a Christian desired to know what Jesus Christ had done and left in Writing and having read over the New Testament with that heed and study that in less than six Months there was hardly a Passage which he could not repeat after which he desired to turn Christian because he found their Religion such as Jesus Christ had taught but only he wondred That they themselves did not follow his Example for that he never yet could find by his reading that Jesus Christ ever took any Mony of any body but that they took all they could get and never Baptized or Buried unless they were well paid but tho he started the Question he was Baptized and became a Sedulous Converter of others Tavernier Part 2. l. 3. c. 3 Love and Reverence to his Name Word c. Jews THe Jews to shew their Zeal for the Law of God wear the Zizith or Fringe which is a square piece of Linnen-cloth or Silk c. with Fringes worn next the Shirt hanging down on the breast or Shoulders c. and account the right wearing of it a keeping of the whole Law and ascribe as many miracles to it as the Papists to the Cowl of S. Francis Women never wear it Dr. Addison They have also scrowls of Parchment Phylacteries Tephillim written with several sentences of the Law and tied on the fore-head and left-arms Idem They have a great veneration for the Law viz. the five Books of Moses never reading it or taking it out of the Chest but on Monday Thursday and Sabbath-day After the Elevation of it and its return from Procession and being put in its coverings all the Males in the Synagogue kiss it in order as the Papists do the Pax. Idem When they kiss it they bless God
Page 205 2. Persians Page 206 25. Heathen 1. Pythagoreans Page 303 2. Platonicks Page 304 3. Peripateticks Page 305 4. Cynicks Page 306 5. Stoicks Page 307 6. Epicureans Page 308 PART II. Note That under Each of the following Heads is inserted in distinct Paragraphs the PRACTICES of Every Religion KNowledg of God Page 309 Love of God Page 313 Affiance in God Page 315 Obedience to his Laws Page 317 Love and Reverence to his Name Word c. Page 319 Praying unto God Page 328 Praising of him Psalms c. Page 334 Fear of God alone Page 341 Heavenly mindedness Page 343 Frequency and Diligence at Church Page 346 Catechising Page 351 Frequency and Devotion at Sacraments Page 356 Confession Mortification Absolution Page 366 Zeal Page 370 Moderation Page 373 Purity Sincerity Page 377 Perseverance Page 380 Observation of the Sabbath Page 383 Discipline Page 387 Self-Denial Page 389 Justice Honesty Page 393 Love to the Brethren Page 397 Love to Enemies Page 402 Love to the Souls of others Page 406 Care of their bodies Hospitals Page 408 Vnity and Peaceableness Page 415 Obedience to Civil Governors Page 419 Good Parents Page 422 Good Children Page 427 Good Husbands Page 432 Good Wives Page 434 Good Masters Page 439 Good Servants Page 440 Good Ministers Pastors Page 443 Good Parishioners People Page 447 Laboriousness Page 450 Humility Page 459 Contempt of Wealth Page 458 Government of the Tongue Page 461 Sobriety of Apparel Page 464 Temperance in meats Page 468 Temperance in Drink Page 472 Chastity Page 475 Patience in suffering Page 488 Domestick Worship Page 492 Toleration of all Religions Page 497 Last words of dying men Page 500 Occasions of Conversion Page 504 Miraculous Testim to Christianity Page 508 Ceremonies in Greeting Page 512 Fidelity in Trusts Page 516 Marriage and Divorce Page 519 Frugality Page 529 Dancing Page 533 Games Page 537 Saints Page 541 Pilgrimage Page 552 Angels Page 554 Atheism Irreligion Page 557 Superstition Page 559 Monks Monasteries Page 567 Colleges Schools Page 571 Premonitions of Death Page 575 Charms Spells Page 579 Apparitions Obsessions Page 581 Oracles Divination c. Page 585 Rewards and Punishments future Page 590 In what Countries each Religion is practised Page 604 Mother Tongues of Europe Page 608 Graces at meat Page 610 Forms of Excommunication Page 615 Creeds Page 621 Commands Page 631 Burials Page 656 An Appendix containing a Table of Errours Heresies c. Page 655 THE HISTORY OF ALL RELIGIONS In the World c. PART I. 1. Object of Worship and Religious Veneration or Esteem Jewish THE Jews worship only one God Jehovah Eloim without any distinction of Persons yet acknowledging a Messiah although the Books of the Old Testament which they own for Canonical do in several Texts sufficiently evince a Trinity of Perons especially Gen. 1. verse 1. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 h. e. Dii creavit and afterwards mention is made of God the VVord and Spirit of God And in the same Chapter Let us make Man in the plural number The Messiah they expect yet to come tho' 1. All the Promises of his coming are fulfilled 2. All the Prophecies accomplished 3. All the Types are answered 4. His Doctrine sealed with 1. Miracles 2. Holy Lives of its Professors 3. Patient Sufferings and Martyrdoms 4. The Accomplishment of his Prophecies or Predictions 5. Themselves are a living Evidence and Monument of his Indignation and their own unbelief as having lost their 1. Country 2. Kingdom 3. Temple 4. Sacrifices 5. Genealogies 6. They have been often deceived with meer Pretenders and disappointed 7. Sybills and Heathen Oracles have given Testimony hereto Next to God they highly reverenced the Prophet Moses R. Samuel Bar Nahman saith When Moses in writing the Law came to those words Let us make Man c. He cried out Lord of the World why dost thou give Men occsion of mistaking in thy most simple Unity And the Lord answered Write thou Moses and let him that desires to mistake mistake Menasse ben Israel Christian The Christians acknowledge One Only God Maker of Heaven and Earth but with distinction of Persons viz. Father Son and Holy Ghost Concerning which as a judicious and very Reverend Author of the Church of England is pleased to â—â—â—ress himself There are three distinctions in the Deity of which because the Scripture speaks in the same manner as we usually do of so many distinct Persons therefore since God is pleased so to accomodate the Mysteries to our Understanding as to speak of them in that manner it is both allowable and commendable in us to call them Persons But he would have us keep only to what the Scripture hath revealed about them without intermixing with them any of those unscriptural Notions which some Divines and School-men have added to them to explain them John Lord A. B. of Cantenbury in his Sermons concerning the Divinity c. of our Blessed Saviour God is One numerically One more One then any single Man is One If Unity could suscipere magis minus Yet God is so One that he admits of Distinction and so admits of it that he still retains Unity As He is One so we call him God the Deity the Divine Nature c. As He is distinguished so we call Him Trinity Persons Father Son and Holy Ghost In this Trinity there is One Essence Two Emanations Three Persons or Relations Four Properties innascibility or inemanibility to generate proper to the Father to be begotten proper to the Son to proceed proper to the Holy Ghost Five Notions innascibility to beget to be begotten to be breathed out to breath Mr. Hales Conf. of the Trinity Mahometan The Mahometans believe in and worship one God Eternal Almighty Maker of Heaven and Earth And that Jesus Christ was conceived by the breath of God in the Womb of the Virgin Mary That Jesus is a great Prophet but not the Son of God That he wrought Miracles and foretold to the Jews the coming of Mahomet under the Name of the Comforter M. de Thevenot That Jesus would come and judge the World c. Idem They Invocate the Saints Idem Acknowledge Seventy Angels Guardians to every Musulman The Turks are for Mahomet Ancient Heathen The Ancient Heathens worship'd One Only God supream above the rest who was therefore called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 frequently by Homer c. But they had many other Gods or Idols subordinate which they payed equal Worship and Adoration to making no distinction considerable between them in their Divine Honour There were 1. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Greater Coelestial Gods Eternal of these the Greeks reckoned Twelve Jupiter Juno Saturn Apollo the Sun Diana the Moon Mars Mercury Minerva Neptune Pluto Vulcan Venus The Romans added Vesta Coelus Ops Bacchus Hercules Ceres Janus 2. Deastri Dii Minores or Medloxumi Reporters and Transporters from Men to Gods from Gods to Men as Summanus President of the Manes Consus the God of Counsel Pan
Nature they wash their Hands c. To this end they have commonly near the Mosques Baths for the Gousl and Fountains for the Abdest The manner thus 1. They look toward Mecha and wash the Hands three times 2. The Mouth and Teeth three times 3. The Nose three times 4. The Face three times 5. The Arms to the Elbow 6. The Head rub'd from the Brow to the Poll. 7. The Ears within and without 8. The Feet three times In washing they are to say Bismillah i. e. in the Name of the Great God and praise to God the God of the Mussulman Faith M. de Thevenot Ancient Heathen 1. Men were thus purged after they had touched a dead Body or entred into an unclean Place before admitted to the Altar They sprinkled their Head with a wet Olive or Laurel dipt in Water and Salt and made prayers to the God Spargit ipse suos Lauro rorante Capillos Incipit solita fundere voce preces Ovid. l. 5. Sometimes they used Sulphur and Fire made of Pine-wood to perfume the Person Place or Vessel c. When any sacrificed for his own purgation after a wickedness committed a Pig was slain and his Hands washed in the Blood In these Lustrations they used 1. A Trine Aspersion 2. Looking towards the East 2. Fields of Fruit when purged the Hostia was carried three times about the Field Terque novas circum foelix eat Hostia fruges Virg. l. 6. 3. Sacrifices were washed with Water and Salt Modern Heathen An incredible concourse of People come from all parts of the Indies in Pilgrimage to Chrysobacra in the Province of Halabras to visit the Pagods kept there very carefully but before they approach that place which they look upon to be holy they throw themselves stark naked into the River Ganges to be purified supposing that Adam and Eve were created there M. de Thevenot Trav. l. 3. c. 39. This in order to prepare themselves for some Feasts ibid. In the Province of Telinga the Idolaters use frequent washings Men Women and Children go to the river as soon as they are out of Bed the Rich have water brought to them When Women lose their Husbands they are brought thither by their Friends and they who are brought to Bed use the same custom as soon almost as they are delivered idem When they are come out of the water a Bramen dawbs their Forehead with a composition of Saffron and white Saunders They must never eat unless they be washed The Bannyans wash oft to purifie themselves from sin Sir Tho. Herbert At Tanasseri also sometimes 100000 Indians go naked into Ganges and bowing their Bodies with their Hands throw the water aloft as an offering to the Sun Sir Tho. Herbert Diabolical The Witches at their meetings use to anoint themselves with Oyl which the Devil brings them 5. Teaching Instruction c. Jewish MOSES hath of old such as preach him being read in their Synagogues every Sabbath day Act. 15.26 Esdras appointed that the people should meet three times in the Week to be taught the Law viz. the Sabbath Mondays and Thursdays and three days the rather say some because in the Desart of Sur the people wandred three days without water i. e. say they without the Law Ancient Christian Justin Martyr saith that the word was read and preached for the space of an hour every Sabbath day at one meeting Apolog. Tertullian saith there was not any holy meeting wherein they were not fed with Divine Sermons and if the Pastor were sick or necessarily hindred the Deacon read a Homily Mayer Ch. Cat. 1. The Primitive Christians at their Assemblies read the Scripture St. Clements's Epistle to the Corinthians Hermas's Pastor the Writings of St. Ephrem c. The Quantum Arbitrary according to their opportunity c. 2. Upon the Scripture read before the President of the Assembly with the Presbyters gave expositions and exhortations to the people Then after the Gospel read let the Presbyters one by one exhort the people not all at once and after all the Bishop as is fit for the Master to do Const App. Greg. Nyssen excuseth his brevity because of the discourses made before They had moreover Sermons in the Afternoon Chysostom in a Homily on this very subject 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Hom. 10. ad Pop. Antioch commends them that came to Church after Dinner in greater numbers to hear the Divine Laws St. Basil St. Augustine c. frequently refer to those Sermons which they had preached in the Mornings In Antioch it was usual for a good part of the year to have Sermons every day Chrysost Origen every day and as it were extempore made Sermons to the People Casaubon His Sermons were lively but short seldom exceeding an hour J. H. in the Life of Orig. The Abyssins have neither Preaching nor Hymns but only Liturgies and Homilies and several Portions of Scripture read Ludolph Yet for the younger sort they have Catechizing Idem The Muscovites no not their Monks and Priests cannot give any reason of their belief because they have not the word of God preached unto them And therefore the Patriarch suffers them not to dispute of Religion nor enquire into that of Forreigners D. of Holstein's Emb. Trav. Those who are to profess the Muscovite Religion are sent for six weeks into a Monastery where the Monks Instruct them and teach them their Prayers the manner of Honouring the Saints of doing reverence to the Images and making the signs of the Cross Idem The Protopope of Morum with others were deposed and Banish'd for offering to preach Mahometan Mahometans when they teach publickly hold a drawn Sword in their hand Mutewakelus a Mahomet Emperour Prayed and Preached before the People Muhtadis Billa sate Preaching to the people every Monday and Thursday having a Book always before him Hotting ex Elmas On Friday nine a Clock the Imam preacheth in a pulpit two hours together either declaring the Miracles of Mahomet or exalting the Faith of the Mahomcians or rehearsing fabulous Tales to terrify the bad or inveighing against the Blasphemers of Mahomet Christ and the Saints exhorting to Alms saying over the Commandments of the Law Sa. Purchas Ancient Heathen A great number of youths assemble to the Druids for the Cause of Discipline who are in great honour with them Caes de bel Gal. being moved by such rewards viz. privileges of the Druids and of their own accord many come together into this Discipline and are sent by their Neighbours and Parents there they are said to learn a certain number of Verses Some stay twenty years in the Discipline Idem The Antient Theologues amongst the Egyptians instructed their Scholars in like manner Towerson Modern Heathen In Madagascar I saw one who was certainly their Priest getting up a Tree and speaking to the people for above half an hour but not one of us understanding their Language I know not what discourse he made to them nor yet what
Bishop who together with the Congregation falling down and making Confession on their behalf raised them up and laid his hands upon them and they departed with the Catechumens 4. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Such as stayed with the Congregation and joined in Prayer and Singing but not in the Sacrament Yet they were afterward Advanced to be 3. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Faithful Communicants who had been Baptized Confirmed and admitted to the Lord's Supper having approved themselves by the long train of a stricct and pious Life Mahometan Only Men for they permit not Women to enter the Mosques lest they should distract Men from their Devotion And besides They do not believe that Women go to Heaven and hardly account them rational Creatures Yet in some Mosques they have Apartments by themselves with a kind of Pannels of Plaister as high as the Cieling with holes through M. de Thevenot Every Busurman is bound to resort to Prayers five times daily except he have some lawful impediment and if not yet at one to be well washed to which purpose they have innumerable Bathes in Turkey Purchas Only the chief sort on the Week-days the Poor being excused not so on Fridays Id. The Women enter not the Mosques but on Fridays at Nine a Clock or at Easter and then in a Terass apart where they may see and not be seen except the Wives and Mothers of the Chief of the place They abide there 'till Mid-night continually Praying with strange Motions and strong Cries Idem Ancient Heathen Let not a Woman enter into the publick Temples who hath been caught with an Adulterer Demosth Orat. contra Neeram Hither likewise may be referred the Remark made before viz. That all Irreligious and Prophane Persons were driven away with a Procul este profani c. Modern Heathen Among the Modern Heathens though it be difficult to give a particular Account because of their multitude and variety yet it is easie to conclude That their Assemblies are made up of their respective Priests and Officers and People In Mexico and Peru are Priests Officers Boys and Virgins trained up for the Service of the Temple and living upon the Revenues of the Temple and these in some places many in number together with the common People Purchas out of Acosta c. Amongst these some are under Instruction some Penitents some Confessors Men and Women Confessors c. Idem Diabolical The Witches Tried at Salem in New-England 1692. affirmed That they form themselves into Assemblies much after the manner of the Congregational Churches consisting of Officers and People c. Cotton Mather 12. Times of Worship 1. Weekly or Monthly Jewish 1. THE Sabbath or Seventh-Day It began at Six a Clock the Night before Observe 1. The Preparation which began at Three a Clock in the Afternoon called the Sabbath-Eve by the Evangelists 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by the Ancient Fathers Coena pura It was proclaimed formerly by Trumpets of late by Sextons On this Day it was unlawful 1. To go above a quarter of a Days Journey three Parsath whereof Ten make a Days Journey 2. For Judges to sit on Causes upon Life and Death 3. For Tradesmen to work Except Shoomaker Except Taylers Except Scribes And they only half the Day The Wealthiest did help to forward Business 2. The Sanctification Herein they were so Superstitious that 1. Some Jews at Tiberias began the Sabbath sooner because dwelling in a Valley the Sun appeared not so soon to them as to others Others at Tsepphore a City upon a Mount kept the Sabbath longer because the Sun continued longer 2. They would dress no Meat on this Day 3. Nor Kindle any Fire 4. Nor roast an Apple chop an Herb climbe a Tree resist an Enemy and on this account became a Prey to their Enemies in the times of Antiochus and Pompey 2. Mondays in remembrance of Moses's returning from Mount Sinai Thursdays in remembrance of his going up to the Mount for the Law 3. New Moons the first Day of every Month commonly On this Day they 1. Heard the Word 2 Kings 4 23. 2. Abstained from Merchandise 3. Offered Sacrifices Numb 28.11 Christian 1. Saturday the Jewish Sabbath was in great Veneration especially in the Eastern parts honoured with all the publick Solemnity of Religion out of compliance with the Jews who were loath to part with it On this Day were publick Prayers reading the Scriptures celebration of the Sacraments Vid. Athan Hom. de Sement Idem Hist. Eccle. l. 6. c. 8. Fasts were prohibited on this Day Ordinary Works allowed yet so as might consist with their publick Worship for the Lord's Day was still preferred before it V. Athan. Hom. de Sem. Synod Laod. can 29. But in the West it was kept as a Fast yet at Milan as a Festival for St. Ambrose dined on no other Days in the Week but Saturday and Sunday Yet at Rome out of compliance with the Custom there Fasted as they did Aug. ad Janu. Ep. 118. Probably the reason of keeping this Day East was the Opinion which the Ancients had viz. That the Apostles Fasted on Friday and Saturday The Council of Illiberis Ordained That the Saturday-Festival was an Error Can. 39. which ought to be corrected and kept as a Fast 2. Sunday so called by Justin Martyr and Tertullian and in the Imperial Edicts of the first Christian Emperors Afterwards the LORD's Day 1. On this Day they stood at Prayers to put them in mind of Christ's Resurrection from the Grave and their own from Sin V. Justin M. Tertul. ex Ireneo The Council of Nice required a constant Uniformity in it 2. They deposited somewhat for the use of the Poor 3. All of us that live in City or Country meet together in one place Just M. Three Days absence from Church was punished with Suspension from Communion Con. Ill. Separate Assemblies Anathematized V. Conc. Gang. can 4.5 Conc. Antioch c. 5. 4. In times of Persecution they met before Day Plin. Ep. ad Traj They had Nocturnal Convocations Tertul. ad Vx Christians therefore called in scorn a Skulking Generation Min. F. 5. Kept in with great Expressions of Joy Fasting accounted unlawful Tertul. de Coron Constantine and Theodosius M. Jun. c. Forbad Courts of Judicature Suits at Law demanding Debts all publick Shews pleasures of all Sights opening of the Theatres his own Birth-Day or Inauguration on the Lord's Day 2. Wednesday and Friday Vid. postea Mahometan Friday the Mahometan-Sabbath because on that Day Mahomet was Proclaimed King or Emperor and solemnly so Created and withal to distinguish his Fellowers from the Jews and Christians They call this Sabbath of theirs Glumaagun Others say Mahomet was born on this Day Ancient Heathen The Ancient Heathens Greeks and Romans had no Weeks but divided their Months into 3 parts the Greeks into so many Decads the Romans into Kalends Nones and Ides The Kalends of every Month were dedicated to Juno On the Kalends of every
4. Conc. Trid. A second Head of Cardinal Pool's Reformation was For the putting away of all FeAsting in the Festivities of the Dedication of Churches Dr. Burnet's Hist of the Reformation Mahometan Persian-Techrion el-avel 31. days 10th day of Rebiulewel is kept the Feast of Omar Reschdgiade in honour of an Illustrious Miller M. de Thev 12th day of this Moon Mahomet's Birth-day is celebrated by lighting Lamps round the Minarets Turkish-Rebiulewel ai 30. Days In the morning the Grand Seignior goes to the New Mosque where he causeth Sweet Meats and Sherbet to be brought from the Seraglio and after Prayers all eat and drink of them M. de Thev On this day the Poets make Sonnets in the praise of Mahomet which they rehearse publickly and are rewarded accordingly and Boys in Fez carry Wax Torches to School which they light before day and let them burn till Sun-rising all this while singing Mahomet's Praise Candles are on this day presented to the King of incredible height and bigness who that night hears all the Law read Ross Ancient Heathen Oct. 28. Mysteria minora 29. Libero Sacr. Nov. 1. Jovis Epulum Anthesteria seu Bacchanalia Sr. Thomas Herbert in his Travels in the E. Indies thought he found some remainders of this Festival in Casta as he guess'd by the dress mimic frisks and nightly pastimes the women practice There they covered themselves with skins adorn'd their heads had tresses with Ivy in one hand holding a leav'd Javelin and Cymbals of brass or Timbrels in the other attended by many boys and girls rambling like distracted people up and down and striving to rend the air with their continual clamours Sr. Tho. Herbert Modern Heathen Homespet amadum a feast on the 30 of Spindumu'd or Octob. Jewish 9. In Chisleu November December Chisleu 25. The feast of Dedication 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in remembrance of the Dedication of the Altar appointed by Judas Macchabeus as also of their deliverance from Antiochus and his Idolatry Vid. 1. Macc. 4.59 Joh. 10.22 It lasted seven days 28. A fast Jehojakim burnt the Roll which Baruch wrote from the mouth of Jeremy Scal. Ancient Christian Nov. 21. Vedenia priziste bogorodice or the oblation of the Blessed mother of God A Festival of the Muscovites Mr. Hales of Eaton in one of his Sermons complains we bring the Church and Kitchin together for when we celebrate the memorial of any Saint Apostle Martyr do we not call this solemnity their Feast and accordingly solemnize it with excess of cheer Stultum est nimia Saturitate honorare velle Martyrem Hierom. The Ancient Ethnics were wont to celebrate their 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 feasts of Sobriety and fasting in the honour of their Drunken God Bacchus upon the like fancy Christians appoint Feasts in the honour of Temperate Saints The Church of Rome to this lap the relicks and ashes of Saints in silk and costly stuff and shrine them in silver and gold whereas when the Saints themselves were on Earth and their bodies living Temples of the Holy Ghost they would have thought themselves much wronged if any such costly ornaments should have been employed about them We think that God and the Saints are like us and taken with such things as please us Machiavel in the life of Castruccio Castracano a Gentleman of Luca tells that he delighted much in often feasting and being reproved answered If feasting were not a good thing men would not honour God and the Saints so much with it Lo here the natural consequences of Church-Feasts It is an Apology for Luxury It was a Custom in the Church in sundry places for all young and old upon the Vigils of the Martyrs to come together by Night and meet in Church-yards and Eat and Drink on the Tombs of the Martyrs Vigilantius reproved it and justly for nox vinum Mulier c. Night Wine and Women c. This put S. Hierom into a fit of Choler by common consent this Custom was laid down Mahometan Persian Techrion-el ilani 30 Days 26 of this Moon at Night Mahomet's Ascension to Heaven from the Alboraoh is celebrated as a great Festival Turkish Rebiul ahhir ai 29 Days Ancient Heathen Nov. 15. Ludi Plebei 24. Brumalia Dec. 1. Fortunae muliebris fest 3. Posidonia 5. Faunalia 11. Alcyonii dies 14. Brumalia Ambrosia Modern Heathen Medusan a Festival of the Persees kept on the 11th of Adebese or December This as all the other is kept in memory of the Creation or monthly benefits Sir Tho. Herb. 10. In Tebeth December January Jewish 8. A Fast The Law was written in Greek in the days of K. Ptolomy Darkness for 3 days over the world Scal. 4. Fast for turning the Bible out of holy Hebrew into profane Greek Dr. Addison 9. Our Masters have not written the Cause why this Day was marked for a Fast Scal. 10. A Fast Jerusalem was besieged by the King of Babylon Idem and Dr. Addison Ancient Christian Dec. 25. Rosostua Christoua the Nativity of Christ a Feast of the Muscovites Epiphany Christmas-day 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Naz. Orat. 38 Observe 1. The Time In January on Epiphany-day probably in the East Clem. Alex. saith 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 So Lydiat in Emend Temp. Upon Advice from the West-Churches they changed it to Dec. 25. S. Chrysostome Serm. 31. Tom. 5. saith it was not above 10 years since in that Ghurch Antioch it began to be kept on that day and offers several reasons to prove that to be the day S. Ambrose Serm. 13. Length of nights had possessed the whole day had not the coming of Christ shined gloriously in the very shortness of days c. S. August Our Lord was born on the eighth of the Calends of January when the days begin to lengthen Aug. in Psal 132. et de Trin. l. 3. c. 5. So Orosius on the 8th of the Kal. of Jan. Oros l. 7. c. 2. S. Bernard Christ was born in the winter Bern. in Nat. Dom. Ser. 3. So Nicephorus Hist Eccl. l. 1. c. 12. Chemnitius Genebrard So the Arabian Persian and Syriac Churches Mr. Greg. Notes and Obs Soaliger H. Broughton Jacob Capella Alsted say Sept. or Octob. 2. The Antiquity In the 2d Century 't is mentioned by Theophilus Bishop of Caesarca Next by the Decretal Epistles but those suspected Next by Nicephorus H. Eccl. l. 7. c. 6. Who tells of Dioclesian burning a whole Church of Christians assembled to celebrate that Festival Dr. Brown in his Travels saith the Festivity of Christmas is observed at Vienna much after the same manner ceremonies and solemnity as in Italy p. 152. Jan. 6. Epiphany properly so called from the appearance 1. Of the star 2. The Trinity at Christ's baptism 3. The Divinity at Cana. Jan. 6. Bose Jaulenia or Chreschenia Epiphany A Festival of the Muscovites At Vienna the old Custom of chusing K. and Qu. was observed Count Lesly happened to be King the Emperor laid the Cloth and the Empress filled out
over another upon the Navel and say softly some Prayers to themselves 4. They still keep their face to the Keble 5. At the end of every Prayer prostrate themselves on the ground and cry Allah ekber At Sabahnamaz they prostrate 8 times At Noon 20 times At the Quindy 16. At the Akschamnamaz 10. At the Yatzinamaz 24. 6. They never prattle nor talk in their Moschs but carry themselves with great Reverence 7. They turn neither this way nor that way whatever may happen M. de Thevenot Ancient Heathen The people were obliged both among the Ancient Greeks and Romans to a grave Comportment all profane and rude persons being driven away And when any Sacrifice was offered both the Priest and People that offered laid their hands on the Altar to signifie their free consent and heartiness of Devotion Modern Heathen In the Becar a Province of the East Indies when the people come to their Pagods having taken directions from their Bramens they anoint their bodies with Oil and say their Prayers and depart M. de Thov But first they present their Oblations to the Idol Idem The Persians are covered on their Heads all day long with their Shasks not excepting the presence of their King nor their set times of Devotion Sir Tho. Herbert 16. The Rule of Worship Jewish 1. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Moses The Prophets The Psalms H. Scripture Hammi-kra Reading 2. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 viz. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 A Secondary Law consisting in Traditions for many Years unwritten or dispersed without Order till after our Saviour's time and then by Rabbi Juda reduced to Aphorisins which afterwards became of great Authority with all the Jews The Book is called Mischna i. e. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Its parts are as followeth 1. Zeraim of Fruits and Seeds c. 2. Moed of Fasts 3. Naschim of Women Divorces Diseases 4. Nezikim of Losses 5. Kodaschim of Sacrifices and sacred things 6. Tahoroth of Purifications Hotting Their Religion is contained in the Old Testament and Talmud M. de Theven For say they Moses was not with God on M. Sinai 40 Days and 40 Nights to keep Geese Purchas Canons also were made by the Sanhedrim and varied in several Generations about the Times of Morning and Evening Service the Number of Prayers to be said daily which at last grew to be 18 c. Dr. Lightfoot To study and read the Bible is a Vertue and not a Vertue i. e. a small Vertue but to learn their mischna or Talmud-Text is a Vertue worthy Reward and to learn Gemaram the Complement of the Talmud is a Vertue so great that none can be greater Purchas ex Tract Banamaziah Ancient Christian 1. H. Scripture Our pious Fathers fetcht their Weapons against the Hereticks out of no other Armory than the Scripture Augustine against Patilianus the Donatist saith Let not these words be heard among us I say or you say but let us rather say Thus saith the Lord Jerome saith whatever things are asserted as delivered from the Apostles without Scripture-Testimony are smitten with the Sword of God Ambrose to Gratian the Emperour Let the Scriptures be asked saith he Let the Apostles be asked Let the Prophets be asked Let Christ be asked Jewel's Apol. I adore the fullness of Scripture Let Hermogenes's School shew that it is writ if not writ let him be afraid Tertul. 2. Traditions Of which Tertullian speaks in these words I will begin with Baptism where coming to the Water we testify before the President That we renounce the Devil his Pomps and his Angels then are we thrice dipt answering somewhat more than Christ commanded in his Gospel The Sacrament of the Eucharist which our Lord instituted after Supper we partake of in our meetings before the Day arise we think it wickedness to fast or to pray kneeling on the Lord's Day we kneel not from Easter till Whitsuntideâ— Whensoever we go forth or come in or whatsoever we are conversant about we sign our foreheads with the sign of the Cross And if you do require a Law of Scripture for these Observations you will find none Tradition will be alledged as the Author and Custome the confirmer of them de Coron Mil. c. 3.4 Vincentius Lirinensis saith he many a time and with much industry and attention enquired of Holy and Learned Men how he might by a certain general and regular way discern the Truth from Falshood c. and he always received this kind of Answer First by the Authority of the Divine Law and secondly by Tradition of the Catholick Church Because saith he tho the Scripture be perfect and more than sufficient for all things yet by reason of its heighth it is diversly interpreted Let us endeavour to hold that which hath been believed every where always by all Vin. Lirin Commonit c. 1 and 3. Mahometan Mahomet distinguisheth the Law into 1. Written viz. The Alcoran so called from Al this and Koran Reading of 124 Azoaras or chapters On the Cover of which they write Let none touch this but he that is clean Their Liturgy is in the Arabian Tongue not understood by many of the common people The Priests never touch their Alcoran without an Expression of much outward Reverence So the people at seeing or hearing of it read shew much attention affection and reverence The Alcoran written in Heaven and sent in the month Ramadan They lift it to their heads before they read it It hath no method or order in it 2. Unwritten viz. the Suna or Assonna Traditions whereof Bochari hath published 7275 Titles or Apothegms Most of the Mahometans do firmly believe them all called therefore Populus Sunae N. B. They receive the Decalogue of Moses and cause it to be observed by all M. de Theven Ancient Heathen 1. Written The Romans had the Books of Sibylla Cumana kept by a College of 8 Pontiffs with a Chief whose Office it was to regulate all the Ceremonies relating to the Worship of the Gods Galtruch What Rites of Sacrifices and Worship were to be observed were not only diligently prescribed in the Laws of Sacrifices but by the Oracle of Apollo enjoyned to be observed with much Accuracy Nat. Com. 2. Unwritten The Druids of Gaul held it not lawful to commit their Verses of which they had a great number containing the mysteries of their Discipline to writing Caesar Comment Modern Heathen 1. The Hindoes or Indians call the book of their Law Shestâ—r or the book of their written word which hath been transcribed in all ages ever since the first delivery of it not long after the Creation as they say by thee Bramins out of the which they deliver Precepts unto the people Viz. 1. Thou shalt not kill any living creature c. 2. To observe times of fasting and hours of watching 3. About Festivals c. 4. To take their food moderately c. 5. Help the poor as far as possible 6. Not to tell false Tales 7. Not to steal 8. Not
If the Soul had done evil it was adjudged to perpetual Prisons if well it had an easy return to Life by Transmigration That God judges according to the plurality or paucity of Merits or Demerits Seven sorts of Pharisees according to Godw. Jew Antiq. 1. Pharisaus Sichemita 2. Truncatus that upon pretence of Meditation would searce draw his Foot from the ground 3. Impingens that to avoid seeing a Woman would wink and run his head against a wall 4. Quid Debeo facere faciam Luke 18. 5. Mortarius wearing a Hat like a Mortar to look only downward of forward 6. Ex Amore. See the next pag Godw. ibid. 7. Ex Timore See the next pag Godw. ibid. Pharisees their History Pharisees from Phares to divide or Parash to expose to publick view or Parash to Expound They were a crafty and subtil generation of Men and so perverse even to Princes themselves that they would not fear many times openly to Affront and oppose them Dr. Cave out of Joseph Ant. Jud. l. 17. c. 3. Much Affected and Esteem'd of the Populace Id. Therefore Alexander Jannaus when he lay a dying advised his Queen by all means to comply with this fort of men imputing his own miscarriages to the Offences he had given them Id. ex eod Infinitely proud and insolent surly and ill-natur'd hating all mankind but themselves censuring all who were not of their way greatly Zealous to gather Proselytes and then making them not more Religious but more fierce censorious heady two-fold more the Children of Wrath discriminating themselves from the Herd by Long-Robes broad Rhylacteries large Fringes long Prayers frequent Easting domure Looks a whing Tone c. Idem They were an improvement of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 1 Mac. 2.42 Those that voluntarily performed somethings which the Law required not who divided themselves from the rest of the Profane World which did not as they did nay from the Asidei themselves who performed as much as they but did not think themselves or others obliged by Law to do so And therefore were 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Pharisees Separaters from other Men Not an Order settled by Law but only a Sect of which some of all Orders of men were and indeed a prevailing Sect taken up by most of the chief Men of the Nation the Elders in the Sanhedrim and Rulers in the Consistories therefore called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Dr. Hammond Annot. on Luke 14.1 Hillal and Sammai were two chief Masters amongst them of Divers Sects The Jews reckon 7 kind of Pharisees The Essenes were divided into 1. Cloisterers Collegiates 1. Married 2. Continent 2. Eremites solitary Persons The 7 Kinds were 1. Siehemitoe which measured Piety by Honour and Profit as the Sichemites which for the Marriage of Dinab would be Circumcised 2. Nacphi which lifted not their Foot from the ground 3. Kisai draw-blood which would smite their head to the wall to draw blood and shut their Eyes that they might not behold a woman 4. Makehobathi that stood on their own Perfection the word signifies what is my sin 5. Meduchia which went low and stooping 6. The Pharisee of Love which obeyed the Law for Love of Vertue or Reward Abraham's Pha. 7. Of Fear or Job's Pharisee which obeyed for fear of Punishment Essees so called from a word which signifies Rest or Silence Sealiger Essoei qu 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Phil. Jud. Pliny l. 5. c. 17. placeth them on the West of the Dead Sea above 4000 in Number avoiding Riches and Pleasures as sins not Marrying but instructing the Children of others not meddling with War or Merchandise Neither Swearing nor Lying their Society such that one Garment one House one Food Treasury one getting spending one life served to them all Purchas Oyl and Neatness they Shun yet wore always a white Garment they worshipped towards the East given to the Study of Physick ascribing all things to Fate Offering inanimate Sacrifices as Pythagoreans and given much to silence keeping every seventh week a Pentecost careful to preserve the Names of Angels Rosse 3. Samaritans Nazarites Rechabites Samaritans 1. Name and Distinction SO called from Samaria the Countrey where they dwelt and the place where they worshipped for their Temple was on Mount Gerizim Of these were four Sects Dositheans Sebueans Essens Gorthens 2. Original Manasses Brother to Jaddus the High-Priest in Jerusalem being Married to Sanballat the Horouite's Daughter by reason of Nehemiah's charge of putting away their strange wives being forced either to put away his wife or not be Priest got leave of Sanballat to build a Temple on Gerizim a Hill in Samaria whither many Apostate Jews fled together with Manasses their High-Priest 3. Errors 1. They as well as the Sadduces rejected Traditions and other Scripture save the Pentateuch 2. They denied also the Resurrection but held that there was Angels 3. Sacrificed at the Temple on Mount Gerizim 4. Allowed no Commerce with the Jews John 4.9 being Excommunicated in Secreto nomine Tetragrammati by Ezra and Nehemiah so that they should have no part in the resurrection Nazarites 1. Name These were Votaries Numb 6. So called from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to separate 2. Office They separated themselves from 1. Wine Strong-drink c. 2. The Dead 3. The Rasour 3. Distinction Some were Nazarites 1. For Life as Sampson John Baptist c. 2. For 30 days as Absalom Paul Acts 21.24 3. Mystically as Christ Mat. 2.3 Rechabites We have little account of them save only out of S. Scripture Jer. 35.2 3. c. Viz. That they were so called from Rechab their Father that they neither did 1. Drink Wine nor 2. Sow Seed 3. Nor build Houses 4. Nor Plant Vine-yards 5. But lived in Tents all their days like strangers Ossens Ossent are added by Epiphanius which seem to be derived from the Essens but they Worshipped Angels Col. 2.21 And the Sun called thence Sampsaeans one of whose chief Doctors was one Elxai in the time of Trajan who taught Aequivocation forbade Praying to the Eastward detested Sacrifices acknowledged a She-holy Ghost c. Mahometan Sects Turks 1. The Turks pretend that Aboubeker was the lawful Successor of Mahomet Omar Successor of Aboubeker Osman of Osmar Aly of Osman Whom the Persians execrate the Memory of Some reduce the difference of Turks and Persians to these 4 Heads 1. A different Explication of the Alcoran 2. Diversity of Saints 3. Diversity of Miracles 4. Diversity of Mosques and Ceremonies 3. The Turks are called Sunni because they follow also Counsels of Devotion besides the commands of their Law M. de Thev 4. They call to Prayers from the tops of Twoers 5. In praying the Sunni hold their hands one over another upon the stomach 6. Among the Turks for a Christian to dispute with them about matters of Faith is punishable by Death M. de Thev Persians The Religion of the Persians is the same in substance with that of the Turks tho no Nations in the
Church-Yards weep and pray for the dead eat and drink Wine Baptism of the Cross is a Festival which the Armenians keep in commemoration of the Baptism of our Lord on the Day of Epiphany according to the old Calendar which they follow plunging after several Prayers a Cross into Water whereof all strive to take their shares in Pots M. de Thev They keep S. George's Day On Easter-Day by break of Day the Priests say Mass confess and administer after which it is lawful to eat flesh They have four other Feasts Christmass Ascension Annunciation and especially S. George's Tavernier Indians of St. Thomas Our three chief Festivals they celebrate The first of July also they commemorate the Martyrdom of S. Thomas Sir Tho. Herbert Muscovites The Muscovites observe 1. The Annunciation of our Lady March 25. 2. Easter-Day 3. Pentecost 4. New-years-day Sep. 1. 5. Nativity of the Mother of God Sep. 8. 6. The Manifestation of Christ on the Mount Sep. 6. 7. The Assumption of the Mother of God Sep. 15. 8. Exaltation of the Cross Sep. 14. 9. The Oblation of the Mother of God Nov. 21. 10. The Nativity of Christ Dec. 25. 11. Epiphany Jan. 6. 12. Candlemass-day Feb. 2. Of all which mention is made before Abyssines On their January 11th our 6th in the midst of their Summer and the Feast of Epiphany they commemorate our Saviour's Baptism the Clergy beginning the Solemnity before the dawn of the Morning with loud and chearful Hymns The King with all the Nobility the Metropolitan with his Clergy Noble with the Plebeian old and young thronging into the Rivers and Ponds before Sun-rise plunging and diving over head and ears craving of any of the Priests as they meet them a Blessing and being answer'd God bless thee or God the Father Son and Holy Ghost bless thee But this is turn'd into a kind of Sport rather than a pious Festival the young Men leaping and dancing and swimming and ducking one another and filling the neighbouring Fields with whoopings and hollowings Ludolph In their Thanksgiving-Solemnities they have their singing Priests Dabetra with very harsh Voices use Instruments of the Egyptian manner Cymbals Morrice-bells Kettle-Drums Skipping and Dancing as if they would make the Floor ring again which they call exulting and clapping hands to the God of Jacob and praising God upon the Harp and Organ and Cymbal Idem Nor is this so much to be admired if we know that in some places among the Latines the Feast of the Body of God was celebrated with a Harp and Dancing Idem They observe the Feasts of the Annunciation Nativity Circumcision Baptism Passion Resurrection Ascension Pentecost Sabeans or Christians of St. John I shall give an account of these by themselves as being part Christians part Turks part Jews and part Gentiles out of Monsieur de Thevenot Itin. Orient Ind. and Mons Tavernier in his Persian Travels 1. Most of the Sabeans are Gold-smiths very Poor and very Ignorant they live in Bassora Dgesire Harviza and Souster in Chusistan belonging to the King of Persia They have but two Books and them made lately though they say in the days of Adam their old ones burnt by Mahometans 2. They retain Baptism in remembrance of S. John's Baptism performed only on Sundays in running Water In the Name of the ancient Mighty Lord God who knows all that we do before the Light of the World Thrice besprinkling the Head of the Infant and thrice dipping it into the River and thrice rehearsing the same words And this is all their Ceremony and this reiterated every Year for the space of five days by Old and Young Male and Female and at Marriage the Bridegroom and Bride are baptized again Yet they say Christ is the Spirit and Word of the Eternal Father 3. As to Marriage The Minister takes an Oath from the Bride that she is a Virgin and afterwards the Minister's Wife searches her then they are both baptized and set Back to Back and the Minister saith some Prayers over them this is all the Ceremony Ministers and Laity may have two Wives but the Ministers ever a Maid at Marriage 4. As to the Eucharist They say only some Prayers over the Hoste which is made of Flour kneaded with Wine and Oyl their Wine drawn from Grapes steep'd in Water and press'd 5. As to Orders They have superior and inferior Ministers but use no great Ceremony in Consecration a Minister says some Prayers over him who is made Minister and that 's all Children succeed to their Fathers if sixteen or seventeen Years of Age or in defect of Sons the next of kin 6. Gospel they have none All their Service consists in some Prayers and in Communicating as before is said They say Christ left twelve Apostles to preach 7. On Sundays they work not They highly honour the Cross and sign themselves with it 8. Three Festivals they have yearly their Year consisting of 366 days i. e. twelve Months and six days 1. At New Year which lasts three days in memory of the Creation 2. At the beginning of the fourth month three days in memory of St. John 3. At the beginning of the seventh month five days in remembrance of our Saviour's being Baptized by St. John They are all baptized during these five days This Feast is called Pendgia 9. No other Saints they acknowledge but S. John S. Zacharias S. Elizabeth and S. M. Magd. They acknowledge Jesus Christ but S. John's Servant born of a Virgin Crucified c. 10. No Purgatory but a Heaven and Hell viz. A narrow Passage for the Wicked guarded with Lyons and Bears which will devour them c. The Good go the same way but over these Beasts straight to Paradise 11. No Meat they eat of but kill'd by a Sabean all other is unclean 12. Therefore their Ministers are always their Butchers who put on white Drawers a Rope for a Girdle a white Shirt girt with it a white Turban a white Napkin about their Neck like a Stole and another rag for a Fillet Then they wash e. g. the Feet and Beak of the Pullet they are to kill because it eats and often treads on unclean things then they kill it saying In the name of the Merciful God may this be Blessed to those that eat it Sheep and Fish they wash not accounting their Food Grass and Water not unclean things 13. They will not Drink in a Vessel wherein one not a Sabean hath drank 14. They abhor the Blew Colour because the Jews in Malice knowing that Baptism was to destroy their Law when St. John was baptizing Jesus threw Indico into Jordan to spoil the Water c. from thence God cursed this blew colour Others say Dogs Ordure is used in dying of this colour N. B. M. Tavernier saith the words at Baptism are Beesmebrad er Rabi Kaddamin Akzeri Menhal el genuat Alli Kouli Kralek i. e. In the Name of the Lord first and last of the World and of Paradise the
Mexico drink no Wine and sleep little because most of their Exercises are in the night Purchas Chastity Jews FOrnication Adultery Drunkenness Gluttony Pride of Apparel c. are so far from being in request amongst the Jews in Barbary that they are scandaliz'd at the frequent Practice of these Sins in Christians Dr. Addison Christians The Chastity of the Primitive Christians appeared in these particulars 1. They would not Marry Justin Martyr saith There were many Christians in his time who for Sixty or Seventy years kept themselves uncorrupt 'T is very easie to find many amongst us both Men and Women who remain unmarried even in old Age. Athenag leg pro Christian Yet this without the Obligation of an Oath of perpetual Virginity 2. When they did Marry it is for no other end but the bringing forth and bringing up of Children As Husbandmen Till the Ground with respect to the Crop at Harvest Just Mart. 3. They seldom married twice Chrysostom's Mother at forty years old had lived twenty years a Widow Tertullian Cyprian Hierom Athenagoras c. did inveigh bitterly against second Marriages as little better than Adultery The ancient Canons as Zonaras tells in Can. 7. Conc. Neocesar suspended such as married twice from the Communion a whole year The Council of Laodicea requires That they should spend at least some small time in Penance in Fasting and Prayer before they be received to the Communion The Canons of the Apostles appoint That whoever after Baptism engaged in second Marriages is rendred uncapable of any Degree in the Ministry Can. 17. Note Digamy is 1. Two Wives at once Note Digamy is 2. One after the Death of another Note Digamy is 3. One after Divorce Of this some understand the Canons Note Digamy is 4. They shunned all Occasions c. 1. Going to Feasts c. Cyprian severaly chides with some Virgins for being present at Weddings where they laughed freely could not but hear loose Discourses see uncomly Carriages feed upon Luxurious Dishes all which must needs not only kindle but add Fewel to the Fire De Discipl had Virg. Constantine made a Law That Matrons should not be forced on the account of Debt to appear at publick Tribunals Cod. Theod. l. 1. Tit. 10. l. 1. St. Hierom doth as much commend some whom he knew who always kept at home on Festival-days to avoid the Crowd and Gazes of the People De Virg. The Council of Laodicea forbids all Christian Men using the same common Baths with Women Can. 30. Photius saith Justinian the Emperor made it a sufficient cause of Divorce and loss of Dowry for a Woman to Feast or Bathe in the Company of Men without her Husband's leave Cyprian would not have Ecclesiastick Persons and professed Virgins sleep near one another nor dwell together in the same House He commends Pomponius for suspending the Deacon and others for such Familiarity and ordered That they should not be absolved till after a sufficient Repentance c. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 were Women brought in as Domestick Assistants to Ecclesiastick Persons especially such as were sent up and down to preach the Gospel Neither Wife nor Concubine but Attenders The Council of Antioch A. 272. under Aurelian Emperor condemns Paulus Samosatenus with his Presbyters and Deacons for keeping these introduced Women with horrible Inconveniencies Suspicion and Scandal St. Basil writes to a Presbyter seventy years old to abstain from the Company of a Woman he used to dwell with to avoid Scandal The Council of Nice forbids the same and universally the whole Clergy to have any Woman near them unless Mother Sister Aunt or such of whom there could be no Suspicion Can. 3. Honorius Emperor prohibits by a Law any Clergy-man whatsoever to keep company with these Extraneae strange Women limiting their Converse and Cohabitation within the very same Relations as the Nicene Canon Cod. Theod. l. 16. Bishops were to be deposed that entertain or cohabit with any Woman whatsoever Relation or Stranger Synops Basil l. tit 1. c. 41. St. Augustine would not cohabit with his own Sister Textor Domestick Marriage not openly made in the face of the Church were accounted no better than a State of Adultery and Fornication Tertull. de pudic c. 4. Their Ears they stopt against all loose and idle Songs filthy and obscene Discourses their Eyes they shut against all uncomely Objects wanton Pictures Clem. Al. Gorgonia when she lay under an acute and most dangerous Distemper yet resused to have any Physician come near her as blushing that any Man should see or touch her Nazianz. 2. Dancing and Musick The Fathers generally inveighed very bitterly against them None may Dance but the Daughter of an Adulteress but she who is Chast let her learn her Daughters Prayers not Dances Ambros What Modesty can there be where the Dancers shrick and make a noise together Idem Where the Timbrels sound the Pipes make a noise the Harp chatters the Cymbals strike together what fear of God can there be Hierom. in libr. contr Helvid Where wanton Dancing is there the Devil is certainly present for God hath not given us our Legs to dance but that we should walk modestly not skip like Camels but if the Body be polluted by dancing impudently how much more may the Soul be thought to be defiled The Devil danceth in these Dances Chrysost Hom. 49. in Mat. Men and Women together entering into common Dances having delivered their Souls to the drunken Devil wound one another with the pricks of unchast Affections Profuse Laughter is practis'd and filthy Songs meretricious habits inviting unto Petulancy are there used Laughest thou and delightest thou thy self with an arrogant Delight when as thou oughtest to pour out Tears and Sighs for what is past Singest thou whorish Songs casting away the Psalms and Hymns thou hast learned Dost thou stir thy Feet and caper furiously and dance unhappily when as thou oughtest to bend thy Knees to Prayer Basil in Orat. contr Ebr. Tzegedin cites several other Testimonies of S. Augustine c. and Councils and Canons against it De Choreis 5. They rather chose to suffer Torments and Death than the violation of their Chastity Domnina and her two Daughters Bernice and Prosdoce whom Chrysostom commends who being eminent for Beauty and Vertue were sought for as a Prey to Lust under the Diocle sian Persecution desired of the Souldiers leave to step out of the Road for some private occasion which granted they went and threw themselves into a River Chrysost Hom. 51. de S. Dom. Bern. c. Prosd Eusebius tells of the Wife of the Praefect or Governour of Rome a Christian sent for by Maxentius who was passionately enflamed with the love of her the Officers broke into the House to the terrour of her Husband She begged only so much time as that she might a little dress and adorn her self so she retired into the Chamber caught up a Sword and by a fatal stroke left nothing for
172. Indian Christians The Indian Christians read two chapters at home one out of each Testament Sr. Th. Herbert Malabar In Malabar the King of Calecut eats no meat till it be first offered by his Preist to his Idol Ross Mahometans There are but few who go not every day to Prayers epecially those of Noon Quinday and Aksham for many perform the other two at home Nor doth travelling excuse them for when they know that it is the Hour of Prayer they stop in the Fields near to some water they draw water in a tinn'd Copper-pot which they carry always purposely about them then do the Abdest spread a Carpet on the Ground without which they never Travel and say their Prayers upon it M. de Thevenot They have Chaplets also which they often say for the most part have them in their hand whether at home or abroad c. Idem Persians There are some amongst them who pray with such Violence at their own Houses that they put themselves out of Breath and many times fall down in a Swoon One of my Neighbours at Schamachie was so earnest in his Devotion that having said his Prayer very loud and pronounced with all his might above fifty times the word Hakka God he at length could not pronounce it without a great deal of difficulty and at last his Voice quite fail'd him D. of Holstein 's Emb. Trav. p. 279. Benjans They never go out of their Houses till they have said their Prayers Mandelslo's Trav. into the Indies p. 57. Persees The Persees of Guzurat have no Mosques but make use of some Room in their Houses to do their Devotion in which they do sitting without any Inclination of their Bodies Mandelslo's Trav. p. 60. In Amboina they take in hand no business be it never so mean nay not so much as piercing of a Tree to draw Terry till they have done their Devotions to the Devil Idem Toleration of all Religions Jews AMong the Jews we find in our Saviour's time Pharisees and Sadduces and Herodians and Pagan Romans all exercising their own Religion the Synagogues open to People of different Opinions and liberty of Prophesying seems to be allowed for some time even to the Christians themselves vid. Acts 13.15 c. I need not speak of the Nazarites and Rechabites tolerated among them in ancient times who yet were distinguished from the common Israelite by peculiar Ceremonies and Usages The case of the Gibeonites was extraordinary their Liberty procured by Craft and turned into Servitude being made Hewers of Wood and Drawers of Water for the Congregation and for the Altar of the Lord. Christians The Muscovites give a Free Toleration to all Religions and live very quietly with the Lutherans and those of the Reformed Religion but they have so great an Aversion to the Roman Catholicks that they would never grant them liberty in Muscovy In the first War of Smolensko they would not entertain Catholick Soldiers A. C. 1627. The late King of France proposed a Treaty for Commerce between the French and Muscovite and for a Church where Mass might be said but it was denied nay in the Treaty they made with us for our passage into Persia it is an express Article That we should not take any Roman Catholicks into our Retinue D. of H. Ambass Trav. p. 108. They suffer all Nations to live amongst them as Calvinists Lutherans Armenians Tartars Turks and Persians excepting none but Jews and Roman-Catholicks Idem The King of Poland several Papists Ecclesiastical Soveraigns in Germany the Venecians in their Grecian Islands all give liberty of Conscience In Rome it self the Pope tolerates several Popish Churches differing in Ceremonies from one another and all abundantly from that called the Roman Church yet agreeing in doctrine having publick liberty without exceptions In Germany the Lutheran Churches scarce in any Two Cities have the same Ceremonies Nurimburg and Leipsig having almost as many as the Papists and yet they differ in them Hamburg hath fewer And Strasburg none at all Their differing in Circumstantials makes no breach of Charity At the same Communion some receive sitting some standing The Three Religions are tolerated at Frankfort Dr. Burnet The Three Religions have their exercises successively the same day in the Church of the Concord at Manheim the Calvinists first the Lutherans next and the Papists last Idem in his letters Dr. Edw. Brown in his Travels In two Cantons Appeuzel and Glaris both Religions are Tolerated and are capable of equal Priviledges and in some Bailiages belonging to Bern and Friburg both Religions are so equally Tolerated that in the same Church they have both Mass and Sermon On one Sunday Mass begins and Sermon follows the next Sunday Sermon begins and Mass follows c. Dr. Burnet 's Letters Mahometans The Mogul Tolerates all Religions and speaks well of all So doth the great Turkish Emperor Among Mahometans Liberty of Conscience is allowed agreeable to an Azoara in the Alcoran which declares that none are to be disswaded from the Religion they Suckt from their Cradle Sir Th. Herbert In Negapatan likewise any Religion is Tolerable and Virgil's Omnigenûmque Deûm Monstra seem to be Translated hither Idem In Goa are Christians Jews Mahometans and Heathens Rosse In the Philippin Islands are Christians Mahometans and Pagans Idem In Sumatra and Zeilan are Moors Christians and Pagans Idem In Egypt Christians have their Churches Jews their Synagogues and Mahometans their Mosques of which last there be four sorts differing in their Laws Liturgies and Ceremonies Idem The Coast of Coromandel is furnished with Various Religions Christian Mahometan and Idolatry of the first there are two sorts those of S. Thomas that are of the Greek Church and the Europian Christians The Last Words of Dying Men c. Christians LVther ended his Life with these words Lord I render up my Spirit into thy Hands and come unto thee And again Lord into thy Hands I commend my Spirit thou O God of Truth hast redeemed me being asked by Dr. Jones if he died in the constant Confession of that Doctrin which he had preach'd he answered Yea which was his last word Olympia Fulvia Morata to her Husband Tota sum laeta I am all joyful but now I know you no more Anonym once a little before her Death awaking out of Sleep with a chearful Countenance she said I have now got a sight in my Rest of a most excellent and pleasant place shining with an unexpressible Light and Brightness But thro' weakness could say no more D. Melch. Adam Mr. Carter ended his Life with this Doxology The Lord be thanked Clark's Lives Erasmus breathed out his Soul in these Ejaculations Mercy sweet Jesus Lord loose these bands how long Lord Jesus how long Jesus Fountain of Mercy have mercy upon me c. Fuller's Lives Leo Jude who died at Tigure 1542. concluded thus Huic Jesu Christo c. i. e. To this my Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ my Hope and
But I was pleased to see many Turks to salute Seignior Gabriel the Emperour's Courier in our Company and to take his hand and put it to their foreheads Dr. Edw. Brown 's Travels Persians A Mile nearer Spahawn the Visier the Sultan of Spahawn Meloyembeg and Hodgenazar the Armenian Prince in a Cavalcade of about 4000 Horse and innumerable Foot came out to meet us the High-way for two Miles full of Men Women Children and Banyans who all saluted us with Hoshomody Soflowardy the better sort with Hosh-galdom Sottogaldom i.e. Welcom welcom Heartily welcom Sir Tho. Herb. Mogul's Countrey Indolstan 1. The Meaner sort to their Superiors put their right hand to the Earth 2. Their Familiars in intimate Salutation take one another by the Chin and cry Father or Brother using good Wishes as God give you health Ans The same health God give you I wish you the Prayers of the Poor I wish one good after another to come to you every quarter of an Hour 3. The Better sort when they entertain you rise up to you bow their Bodies and then entreat you to sit with them The Goeghy a Sect of Banyans never speak to such as pass by them nor give them the time of the day nay they will not answer those that speak to them out of a Perswasion that being consecrated to their God Bruin they should defile themselves by speaking to other Men. Mandelslo's Travels into the Indies p. 56. Chinese Above all the Chinese exceed in this Point The first thing they teach their Youth is Salutation and have whole Books writ upon it If a Man hath but once seen a Person he is obliged to salute him and this is not done with the Hat but closing the left hand and putting it into the right and both to the Breast with a low inclination of the Head with Protestations to confirm what is expressed by Gestures c. Idem Tunquin Among the Tunquinese it is not the Custom to ask one another How they do but How many Measures of Rice he ate far his Dinner and whether he ate with an Appetite This is a general Custom among all the Idolatrous Indians unless in the Dominions of the Great Mogul where they â—at not Rice only but Bread and there they ask in Civility How much Rice they boiled and How much Meal they baked for Bread Tavernier 's Collect. of Relat. Fidelity Treachery Jews THE Treachery of the Jews hath been one great Reason of the unkind Usage they have met with from Christians and their frequent Expulsions from Country to Country as at Trent for crucifying a Child and poisoning Wells so likewise in Hungary c. for the like Misdemeanours In Curland for a Murrain as was suspected raised by Jewish Exorcisms among the Cattle but intended as was said a Plague to the People c. Christians The Christian Principle and the Practice of good Christians is well known in this respect Yet sometimes we have instances of gross Perfidiousness as in the case of Vladislaus K. of Hungary who by instigation of the Pope's Legate had broken League with Amurath the Turkish Emperour who upon his crying out Are these O Christ the Leagues which thy Servants have Sworn to by thy Name If thou art a God Avenge the Injury got the Victory over him and carried the King's Head on a Spear c. Alsted Papists Henry 7th Emperour was so Devout that he would pray and weep whole Nights before a Crucifix which he carried with him and received the Sacrament daily upon which occasion he died by a Minorite of Florence that gave him the Host Poisoned Alsted Hist. John Husse and Jerome of Prague were burnt alive after a Promise of Safe-Conduct granted by the Emperour and the Axiom enacted That Faith is not to be kept with Hereticks Russians The Muscovites are generally false and perfidious not regarding their words but studying to over-reach or cozen all they can insomuch that being in other Countries they strive to dissemble their own S. Clark Romans I love Treachery but hate Traytors said Augustus Emperour to one that boasted of his Merits Rhymitacles King of Thrace who had revolted from Antony to him Camerar Heathens Brennus King of France over-whelmed a Maid that had betrayed Ephesus to him with Bracelets and Necklaces the Reward of her Treachery Idem The Julian Law assigned the same Punishment to Sacrilege and Treachery placing the one the very next step to the other Vlpian l. 7. de Offic. Procons Mohometans Solyman The Turkish Emperour contrary to his Promise commanded the Betrayers of Buda to be slain Camerar The same Solyman promised his Daughter for a Reward to him that would betray the Isle of Rhodes but when the Christian Traitor challenged his Promise with a large Portion for Matrimony the King brought his Daughter out in very costly Attire with a Vides me stetisse promissis you see I am as good as my word but withal commanded him to be flead and put on a Bed of Salt or his Daughter would not be a fit Match except for a Mussulman whose Skin was Circumcised and clean from Baptism Idem One of the Dervises pretending to ask an Alms of Bajazet the Second desperately assailed him with a short Scimiter hid under his hypocritical habit Knolles p. 463. The like they had attempted against his Father in his Youth c. and in our days Mahomet the Great Vizier Passa was murthered by one of these Dervises Idem The Mahometans but especially the Hindoes are very faithful to all their Engagements insomuch that if they be assaulted at any time they will rather die in defence of their Trust than forsake it and those that intrust them in time of their need Marriage and Divorce Jews THE manner of proceeding in Marriage is set down Methodically in the first Book what was omitted there is to be related here After the Dowry made by the Bridegroom upon the Bride of which but half the Sum is usually given to Widows as to Virgins follows Affiancing in these words Behold take her after the Law of Moses The Man replies Be thou unto me a Wife according to the Law of Moses and Israel Their Dowry-bill according to the usage of the Jews in Barbary is thus Upon the Sixth of the Week the Fourth of the Month in the Year of the Creation of the World according to the Computation which we use here at Arzila a Town scituate on the Sea-shore of Barbary the Bridegroom Rabbi the Son of R. said unto the Bride-wife Daugter of R. Merchant in Alcazar Be unto me a Wife according to the Law of Moses and Israel and I according to the Word of God will worship honour maintain and govern thee according to the manner of Husbands among the Jews who do faithfully worship honour maintain and govern their Wives I also bestow upon thee the Dowry of thy Virginity amounting to 50 Shekels which belong unto thee by the Law and moreover thy food raiment and
of Moses  Samarites all but the Law and Prophets  Nicolaitans Anabapt Psalms  Some Rabbins Anabapt Job  Porphyry rejected Daniel  Sebastian Castellio Canticles  Manichees Severites Acts.  Marcion all the Epistles except to Tim. and Titus  Althemerus Epistles of James and John  Wigandus John's first and second Epistles and Jude  Card. Cajetan Epistles of James and to the Hebrews Two last of John and Jude  Heshusius and Luther at first Revelations  Valentinians allowed only John  Marcion only Luke  Tatians only the Acts.  Jews Mat. Hamant Reject all the New Testament  Pope Leo called the Gospel a Fable  Anabapt Familists Quakers Deny the Scripture to be the word of God  Hobbes The books of the Old and New Testament are not canon unless made so by the civil power  Jacobus Hâ—estratus He is an Heretick that cleaves to the Scriptures  Sadduces Familists The Fathers under the Law understood nothing but a Temporal Happiness The only sure Rule of Faith and Manners Jews Assert Their Cabala  Turks Assert The Alcoran  Manichees Assert Their Mysteries  Archonticks Assert Their Symbonia  Scythians Assert Jobelea  Papists Assert Decret Tradit  Enthusiasts Familists c. Assert Fansies and Pretended Revelat.  Hobbes Assert Law of the Land  Quakers Assert Dict. of the Spirit To be interpreted according to the Analogy of Faith Pharisees Papists Severians The Scripture may be Expounded how ye list Are a Ship-mans Hose c. a Leaden Rule  Servetus Sâ—enkfeldians Valdesius Familists Moranus Libertines Quakers Anabaptists Reject written Commentaries on Scripture and Interpret according to their own Light of Reason  Origenists Libertines Familists Interpret according to the Allegorical sense for the most part  Thomists and Monks On every Scripture will have an Analogical Allegorical Historical and Moral Exposition  Brocardus Morelius Will have a mystical and Prophetical Exposition  Cardinal Crusanus As the Church alters so doth the Interpretation of Scripture  Joh. de Wassalia The Scriptures are too hard for any mortal man to Interpret  Jews Interpret according to the Expositions of their Rabbies  Papists According to the Expositions of the Church i. e. Traditions Fathers Popes Councils But the Ceremonial Law being Abolished Jews Ebion Cerinthus Armenians Familists c. The ceremonial Law is not Abolished So said also Blastus and Florinus So also the False App. and Serdonites and Nazarites  Sabbatarians Traskites The 7th day Sabbath is still to continue being Natural Moral c. And Judicial Laws Brownists We are tied to all the Judicial Laws of Moses  Ph. Stubbs To some if not to all The Moral Law obligeth all Manichees The Old Law came from the Prince of Darkness  Isleb Agricola Antinomians The Law is not to be preached nor the conscience of sinners to be terrified Banister It is utterly unlawful for the Elect to think speak or hear of the â—ear of God which the Law preacheth  Glover a Brownist Love is come in place of the 10 Commandments  Almaricus Moses's Law continued till Christ of Christ till Almaricus of the Holy Ghost till the End of the World Which yet no meer man can keep Perfectly in this Life but are all guilty Manichees Catharists Novatians could not sin so much as in Thought So the Jovinians also  Donatists were so perfect they could justifie other men  Pelagians need not say Forgive us our Trespasses  Marcionites were as pure as Paul and Peter  Tatianus and Spirituales boasted the Gifts of the spirit and condemned others  Beghardi-ine hold Perfection here no increasing in grace  Anabapt Familists Quakers men may perfectly keep the Law of God So saith Socinus also  Papists Pharisees men may do more good works than God commands viz. of Supererogation Some more some less Stoicks Pelagians Jovinianus all sins are equal But are Justified by Faith in Christ Phariseess We are Justified by external Righteousness  Sim. Magus His fair Helena  Turks Pilgrimage to Meccha or Kissing Mahomet's Sepulcher  Valentinians Labour of their Hands and good Works See afterwards  Turks Erasmus Galeatus Martius Living according to Nature So said Lampatius  Anabapt Turks false App. in Asia Works without Faith  False App. at Jerusal Ebion Russians Papists by Faith and Works  Mat. Hamant God's meer mercy not Christ's merits  Osiandrists We are Justified by the Essential Righteousness of Christ dwelling in us Attended with good works Atheists Aetians Basilidians Circumcellians Machiavillians cast off all Vertue Grace Godliness  Simonians To practise good Works is a yoke too Heavy  Libertines When Justified a man may live as he list  Carpocratians A Vicious Life will appease the Evil Angels See before  Valentinians Archontici Gnosticks Spiritual Men as themselves please God by their knowledg Natural men by their Bodily Labour Material men are uncapable of Salvation To help us herein God hath appointed in Church Catholick Jews Donatists Papists Graecians with the Russians Anabaptists c. Brownists Confin'd the Church to themselves the Donatists to Africa  Invisibles The Church of Christ is Invisible The word to be preached Phrygians Montanists Messalians Enthusiasts Anabapt Familists Swenkfeldians Brownists Barrowists Muggletonians Condemn the outward ministry and depend on Revelations  Libertines Preaching is no ordinary means leading to the Knowledg of the Truth By Ministers lawfully authorized and qualified Anabaptists Familists c. Due Election is not necessary  Familists None but Elders in the Family may be Ministers  Russians None twice married  Papists None married  Acephalians Quakers Pepuzians Women may be Deacons Ministers and Preachers Bishops And maintain'd by their callings Anabaptists Quakers Brownists Freemen Reject Tithes And Two Sacraments only to be adminstred by them Papists Seven Sacraments are appointed whereof Baptism may be administred by women as well as men in necessary cases  Marcionites Pepuzlans Private persons may baptize  Geneva Presbyt A Lay-Elder may give the Cup in the Sacrament  Puritans Doctors may not administer the Sacraments but only teach  Eutychites Quakers Swenkfeldians Ascodryptae Reject all Sacraments Baptism a sign of our Profeâ—sion Nazarens were circumcised as Jews baptized as Christians  Jacobites Are crossed upon their Arms foreheads c. instead of it  Manichees baptize none  Anabaptists None till of grown Age.  As also Pelagians Henricians Heracleans None till adult  Sweemerian Anabap. Servetians Familists None till 30 years of Age.  Barrowists Brownists None who are the children of profane Parents  Marcionites None that are married only single persons Widows c.  Cataphrygians baptized dead bodies  Marcionites baptized the living for the dead i. e. for the behalf of the dead Chrysost  Papists baptize Bells c.  Novatians Papists Re-baptize those which are baptized by Hereticks