Linguistic DNA - Concept Modelling Demonstrator

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
law_n	government_n	king_n	people_n	13,729	5	4.9406	4	true

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A64759	British antiquities revived, or, A friendly contest touching the soveraignty of the three princes of VVales in ancient times managed with certain arguments whereunto answers are applyed by Robert Vaughan, Esq. ; to which is added the pedigree of the Right Honourable the Earl of Carbery, Lord President of Wales ; with a short account of the five royall tribes of Cambria, by the same author.	Vaughan, Robert, 1592-1667.	1662 (1662)	Wing V139; ESTC R13109	35,406	50

countrey absolutely within the Isâ— of Britaine contrarily Southwales is very weak in situation and therefore open for the invasion of all Strangers but more especially of the Saxons that bordered even on the neck thereof And yet it had another inconvenience worse then all the rest by reason whereof it was reputed even in those dayes to be far worse then Northwales though it were greater in quantity and that is this Southwallia saith Giraldus quanquam quantitate longÃ¨ major propter nobiles tamen qui vchelwyr quasi superiores viri vocantur quibus abundabat qui dominis rebelles esse solebant d minumque ferro detrectabant deterior esse videbatur Is it likely then that Roderic the great would prefer his Eldest son and soveraigne prince of the Britaine 's to a Kingdome that did not only want naturall fortification but had also the unhappinesse of having inhabitants whose condition and priviledges disposed them to Rebellion But if our opinions in this case be conceived not authentick as proceeding from prejudice Mr. Camden an indifferent person may be thought fit to decide the controversie And to say no more to this Argument let your own Countryman Giraldus his forementioned Incomparabiliter prevaile upon you to be of another judgment The third Argument THat Howel Dha the eldest son of Cadelh and succeeding him prince of Southwales did command the Archbishop of St. Davids and all the Bishops of Wales and chiefest of the Clergy to the number of 140. and all the Barons and Nobility of Wales and six of the most wise and best esteemed in every Commot of Wales for the Commonalty to assemble at his pallace called Y tu gwyn ar Tas in Dyved in Southwales where with great solemnity he did ordain the Lawes whereby Northwales and Powis and all the people throughout the whole dominion of Wales were governed and ordered untill after the conquering of Rees ap Theodor that King Henry the first did plant the common law of England first in the counties of Glamorgan and Pembrock which were conquered and made Counties from that time and that the Lords Marchers as they won into Wales did settle a forme of Justice mixt of the common law and of the lawes of Howel Dha yet so distempered as justly may be said with regal jurisdiction permitted for the time by the King of England that in the end it became as intolerable to the Crown as to the people which lawes of Howel Dha were neverthelesse entirely executed within so much of the principality of Northwales as continued in the four ancient counties there viz. Anglesey Carnarvan Merioneth and Flint and in the counties of Carmarthen and Cardigan in Southwales untill the subduing of Llewelyn ap Griffith the last prince of Northwales that King Edward the first ordained the statute of Ruthlan for justice to be done in these six last recited counties wherein all the principality of Wales then remained howbeit many of the lawes of Howel Dha continued in force as well in those counties as in the Lordships march rs untill the Statute of Wales in 27. H. 8. even as some few do continue to this day under the title of Customes Upon all which it is also concluded that to give or ordain lawes and with these muniments of Authority proveth without question a Soveraignty The Answer HOwel Dha prince of Southwales by reason of the incapacity as you say in your 5th Argument of the Heir apparent of Northwales took upon him the rule and government of all Wales Which being true it is not to be marvelled at if he commanded the clergy and nobility of all Wales to assemble before him that by their counsell and advice he might reforme the ancient lawes of the Brittaines nor yet if the succeeding princes of Northwales finding those lawes good wholsome and confirmed by the Sea Apostolick and also such as did not abrogate but confirme their Soveraignty over all Wales embraced them and commanded their subjects to obey them duly considering that his said Authority was grounded upon his regency over Northwales and the Heir thereof as manifestly appeares when Howel Dha in his said lawes saith that verbum regis Aberfraw est verbum super omnes reges Walliae nullius verbum est super ipsum So that whereas you would derive a soveraignty to Howel Dha from his power in making lawes you should first have suppressed or burnt all the Copies of the lawes of How Dha which give to the King of Northwales an absolute soveraignty over all Wales The fourth Argument THat the Bishops of Northwales were created and consecrated in Southwales by the Archbishop of St. Davids that they were his Suffragans and subject to his Sea And therefore Roderic in the division did aptly dispose the soveraign jurisdiction temporall in the territory where the soveraign jurisdiction spirituall was seated which otherwise had been absurd and would undoubtedly have bred great troubles The Answer IN regard the Soveraignty of the Eldest son of Roderic extended over all Wales it is not materiall in what part thereof the Ecclesiasticall supremacy be seated for be it in the territory of the third or second brother it cannot prejudice the Eldest that is Soveraign over all Your Argument did I hold it firme would perswade with me to make Edlstan the youngest son of Eghert to have a soveraignty over his eldest brother Ethelwolph as being King of Kent wherein is seated Canterbury the chiefest Sea for spirituall jurisdiction or well might I gather that the king of Dyved in whose Kingdome St. Davids lay was superior to Cadelh and his successors by reason of his good neighbourhood with the Archbishop The fifth Argument THat the prince of Southwales did seize the principality of Northwales and removed the princes thereof upon occasiou or offence committed as the said Howel Dha did seize the same partly by the incapacity of Meuric son of Edwal voel to govern and to stay the usurpation of others upon that pretence whereby to preserve the general peace of Wales and partly by forseiture for spoile that had been done by the prince of Northwales upon his countries of Cardigan and Ystradgwy This prince Howel as the writers of Northwales do record was of a goodly behaviour just and discreet in his government and beloved of men wherefore he obtained the attribute of Dha which is in English the good whereby it is to be concluded probably that his coming to the principality of Wales was upon just and lawfull grounds Likewise Owen ap Howel Dha his son prince of Southwales did seize Northwales out of the hands of Cadwalhon ap Jeuaf for usurpation and tyranny and made Mredith his third son Prince there which if it had been the soveraign seat he would not have permitted his younger son to enjoy it and to become thereby his superiour And in this point the writers of Northwales do obscure the truth with some art by concealing this to be done by the power of the father

Subjects who did erect strong Forts and Castles therein it is confessed as touching some part of the inheritance of Rees ap Theodor and it is also true that before and after the death of Rees ap Theodor the Kings of England did vex and molest Griff ap Conan as the Author of his Life averreth and his successors the princes of Wales sometimes by craft and deceit and sometimes with unjust wars insomuch that to purchase their peace and quietnesse and not otherwise the princes were often content to yield up unto the Kings of England four Cantreds This with other hard dealings hath been noted by diverse writers and Henry the second did not stick to confesse the same when he said as Giraldus affirmeth Per vires nostras magnas injuriam violentiam irrogemus Cambris to which force and violence and not to any new soveraignty gotten by the overthrow of Rees ap Theodor must be attributed what submission or acknowledgment of soveraignty that Griff. ap Conan and his successors the princes of Wales did to the kings of England if any was demanded or performed over and above the wonted and usuall It is also manifest that the Archbishop of Canterbury did obtein a supremacy over the Bishops of Wales shortly after the overthrow of Rees ap Theodor yet not by reason of this said overthrow but of the suggestion of false witnesses before Pope Eugenius in the Remensian Councell whose Apostolicall decrees all the churches in Europe obey'd in those dayes Moreover you urge out of the statute of Ruthlan that king Edward 1. added no more to his former possessions of the principality of Wales by the conquest of Leoline but only Terram de Snowdon whereas it doth not so appear in any copy of the said statute that ever I could find and yet I have seen diverse in Wales anciently written on parchment both in the Latine and British tongues As concerning the dishonour done to the prince after his death by fixing his head on the highest turret of the Tower of Londâ—n Examples of this kind of dealing with Princes we have frequent in histories Tigranes King of the Armenians who lived under Tiberius Caesar could not with all his kingly titles as Tacitus sayth escape the common death of a Romane Tacitus speaks also in the 2d book of his Annals of Artavasdes King of Armenia whom Antonius having by treachery got into his power loaded with chaines and afterwards put to death Cyrus that great monarcÃ² of the Persians who being overthrown and slain by Tomyris queen of the Scythians had his head cut off and in great contempt and deâ—ision flung into a vessell full of of man's blood Ptolomy Ceraunus King of Macedon was in battell vanquished and slaine by Belius a Brittain as some are of opinion who caused his head to be cut off and carried before him on the point of a spear round about the field in token of victory and triumph There be many the like examples in histories of Kings and Emperors whose bodies have been coursely handled by their enemies who de facto use them so as being in their power though de jure they ought not to deale so with lawfull princes And here I may not passe over how that the Abby of Ystratflur whâ—re you say that the body of Rees ap Theodor was decently buried was not founded before the dayes of the Lo Rees ap Griff. ap Rees ap Theodor Prince of Southwales as appeares by his Charter made presently after the foundation Ego Rhesus Southwalliae proprietarius princeps venerabile Mâ—nasterium vocabulo Stradflur aedificare coepi aedificatum dilexi feci res ejus auxi possessiones in quantum suffragante Deo volui amplam omnem donationem quam eidem monasterio antea contuli Anno iterum ab Incarnatione Domini 1184. scilicet praesentis scripti memoriÃ¢ stabilivi tres etiam selâ—i scilicet Gruff Rhesus Mredith candem donationem eodem tempore loco in manu Abbatis de Straflur obtulerunt And in the year of our Lord 1164. just 20. yeares before the date of the former charter as witnesseth the book of Conwey it was first covented Rees ap Theodor was slain Anno 1091. whereby it appeares that your Abby was not founded 73 yeares after his death It remaines now that I speak somewhat of the true and undoubted conquest of Wales atchieved by Ed. 1. as it appeares by the power that he assumed over all the inhabitants of Wales after the fatall overthrow of Leoline the last prince of the British bloud for of all the Kings of England he was the first that altered the forme of Government in Wales he was the first that made the statute of Ruthlan as a Law to govern the people of that countrey by he also created Edw of Carnarvan his eldest son prince of Wales who according to Mr. Camden and diverse more ancient writers erat primus ex Anglico sanguine Walliae princeps Hereby it appears that W. Rufus was not the conqueror of Wales nor Rees ap Theodor the soveraigne prince of Wales for if Rees had been the superior Prince King W. Rufus having learned of his Father the lesson of a Conqueror would in no case have omitted to accomplish those rites of a Conqueror Neither did the kings of England challenge the principality of Wales by the conquest of W. Rufus but by the atchievement of Ed. 1. as it appears first of all by the words of the statute of Ruthlan Divina providentia saith Ed. 1 quae in sui dispositione non fallitur inter alia suae dispensationis munera quibus nos regnum nostrum Angliae decorari dignata est terram Walliae cum incolis suis prius nobis jure feodoli subjectam jam sui gratiÃ¢ in proprietatis nostrae dominiâ—m obstaculis quibuscunque cessantibus totaliter cum integritate convertit corenae regni praedicti tanquam partem corporis ejusdem anneâ—â— it univit Henry the fourth gives the title of Conqueror of Wales to Ed. 1. in his lawes against the Welshmen made An 2. H. 4. thus Nulle-Gallâ—is ait chastel fortresse ne maison defensive de son propre ne de autre agardere autrement que nâ—scoit usâ—z en temps le Roy Ed conquerer de Galez that is No Welchman shall have castle fortresse nor house defensive of his own nor of other to keep otherwise then was used in the time of king Edward Conqueror of Wales The title of those Petitions made at Kenynten do averre the same Peticones de Kenynton factae apud Kenynton per homines Northwalliae tam pro communitatibus comitatuum quam pro singularibus personis exhibitae domino principi filio regis Ed conquestoris Walliae Auno regni praedic Ed. 33. And John de Delves in the 8. year of Ed 3. layes open the King's title to the principality of Wales in these words Terra Walliae est terra conquesta

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