the Church of England when they so vigorously opposed thâ— Bill of Exclusion and how he also rewarded them we all lately saw and felt Anâ— shall Protestants after this think of obliging such Princes by their Merits They understand better that Merit is no Protestant Doctrine and that there can be none out oâ— the Church of Rome And why should any body expect that which cannot be Naâ— should the late King return again and be as much at the Devotion of his Non-swearinâ— Friends as they promise themselves he will be I very much doubt what the Church 〈◊〉 England will gain by this If we may guess at the Spirit of the Party by the bittâ—â— Zeal which inspires all their Writings I can expect nothing from them but as fierce Persecution of the Church of England as ever it suffered from Papists or Fanaticks excepting Smithfield Fires which possibly may be exchanged for Tyburn All who liâ—â— in the Communion of the Church of England as now Establâ—shed are in their accouâ—â— and constant Language no better than Hereticks and Schismaticks and Perjured Apostates much greater Crimes than the Traditores were guilty of which was the onlâ— pretence for the Donatist Schism and Persecution They seem to comfort themselvâ—â— under their present Sufferings more with the sweet hopes of Revenge than any greâ—â— expectations of future Rewards that they shall live to see the Swearinâ— Bishops and Priests Apol. for the new Separats the contempt of Princes and People for if th◠〈◊〉 B. of York who is particularly named cannot escape them I douâ—â— they will make but very few exceptions And is not this a great eâ—couragement to any who have complyed with the present Govâ—rnment to help theâ— Men to Power again Must not the Nobility and Gentry expect their share of Veâ—geance aâ— well as the Clergie And is not the Church of England then in a â—opeâ—â— state which must be purged and reformed into Jacobite Principies and by a Jacobiâ—â— Spirit These are all very sensible roots as â—ar as we can reason about such matters how â—â—â—tle good is to be expected from the return of the late King with a French Power He must return the lame Man he went and then Popery and Arbitary Povver must return â—vith him nay he must return much vvorse than he vvent because he must return â—ore a Vassal to France vvhich I suppose vvill not mend the Condition of English Subjects â—uring his Reign These things ought to be vvell considered for if his Government vvas so uneasie beâ—â—re and gave us such a frightful prospect as made the Nation very vvilling to part vvith him when he thought fit to leave them it vvould seem very strange to byâ—anders should they novv grovv fond of his return vvhen it is certain if he does reâ—urn and returns by the Methods novv intended Popery and Arbitrary Povver must â—e more Triumphant than ever He vvanted nothing but povver to make himself Absolute and to make us all Papists â—r Martyrs or Refugees and that he will now have For if a French Power can Conquer us it will make him as Absolute as the French King will let him be or to â—peak properly it will make him though not an Absolute Prince yet an Absolute Vice-â—oy and Minister of France He will Administer an Absolute Power and Government â—nder the influence and direction of French Councils and then we know what will become of the Liberties and Religion of England And have â—e so long disdained the â—houghts of subjection to France Has a French League been thought such a National Grievance Has the pretence of a War with France been found such an excellent exâ—edient to get Money of English Parliaments Haâ— the expectation of it fired English â—pirits and upon occasion filled our Armies and Navies without need of Pressing or â—eat of Drum Have we so detested the French Cruelties to Protestants And shall we â—ow so willingly stoop to the yoke and think it a great favour that they will vouchsafe â—o Conquer us Let us never complain hereafter that our Chains pinch and gall us when we our selves are ready with â—o much joy and thankfulness to put them on And whatever some fancy they will find it a very easy and natural think for the late King if he return by Force and Power to make himself Absolute by law Princes always gain new Powers by the ineffectual opposition of Subjects If they lose their Crowns and recover them again they receive them with an addition of some brighter Jewels and turn disputed Prerogatives into Legal and undoubted Rights Thus we know it was when King Ch. 2. Returned from a long Exile all the New Acts are Declarations were made in favour of the Crown and Subjects bound to their good Behaviour as fast as Laws could bind them for in all such Revolutions those who suffered with or for their Prince return with zeal and resentment and take care in the first place to establish all such Prerogatives of the Crown as were disputed before and to grant such new Powers as they think are wanting And others there are always forward to make their fortunes by Complementing the returning Prince and to expiate their former crimes by a forward and flaming Loyalty and the rest are over awed and frighted into a compliance and thus it is commonly seen that between zeal and Flattery and fear the King increases in Power and the People forfeit their Libert es and we must not expect that it should be otherwise now should the late King return The first Complement that must be made to him is a Jacâ—bite Parliament and God knows what such a Parliament will do Will they deny him a Toleration â—oâ— papists the repeal of the Test the forfeitures or surrenders of Charters and a new Regulation of Corporations Will they dispute nay will they not declare his Dispensiâ—g power and approve his Ecclesiastical Commissions Will they make any scruple to declare the Legitimacy of the Prince of Wales or to leave the manner of his Education to those who will certainly breâ—d him up in Popery Will they not take care for new Jacobitâ— Tests to renounce and abhore all the several Hypotheses and Principles of Governmentâ— which have been urged to justify our Submission and Allegiance to their present Majesties And when they have done this How easy will it be for a down right Popish Parliament which will be the next step that will be made to do all the rest It is very evident what advantages the Priests and Jesuits will have in such a juncture to make Proselytes while the People are in a fright and grown giddy with such frequent Revolutions and those who in the late Reign were the great Advocate of the Protestant Cause are disgrac'd at Court threatned into silence their Authority weakned and their Persons reproach'd both by Papists and Jacobites Numbers of Convâ—rts was their great want before and the press and the pulpit their great hindrance but Jacobites
unless for the worse And yet if ever then he was upon his good Behaviour when he wanted their Assistance to secure his Possession of that Kingdom and to Recover his other Dominions And when in Reason it might have been expected that whatever Resentments he had he would have thought it his Interest to have treated Protestants with greater Tendernesse and Respects But if the Necessity of his own Affairs could not obtain this from him what must Protestants expect if he return with Power And though some Protestants here in England seem not to be at all affected with this Experiment yet 〈◊〉 hath made such an impression upon the Protestants in Ireland that they are for ever cuâ—ed of their Fondnesse and have not the least Curiosity left to make any further Tryals It is pretended indeed in Excuse of this that he was then under the Government of French Ministers and Counsels under the Power of Irish Priests and Papists and so was â—ot at Liberty to follow his own Inclinations I should be very glad of a good Argument to prove that he had better Inclinations But however what Comfort is this to Protestants that be has better Inclinations but is not his own Master For if he must never shew any Kindnesse to Protestants it is no matter what his Inclinations are And can any Man imagine That if the French King by Force and Power place him on the Throne he will be lesse under his Government than he was in Ireland The French King among many other wise Maxims has this I am sure for one Never to make a King without making him his own vassal and the Power that can make him a King can make him his Slave So that it is to no purpose to enquire what King James will do but what King Lewis will do if King James returns Secondly As for the great Merites of the Non-swearing Clergy and Laity I greatly suspect that neither the Late King James nor King Lewis will think them so great as they themselves do Their Merit must consist either in their Principles or in their Practices And we wil briefly confider both Their meritorious Principle is this That the Rights of Princes especially of Hereditary Princes to their Thrones are so Sacred and Inviolable that as they cannot forfeit them to their own Subjects by any Male-administration so neither can they by any Provocations or by any success of War forfeit them to any other Princes That while such a Prince or any Legal Heir is living no other Prince can have any Right to his Throne nor must his Subjects owne and submit to any other Prince as their Soveraign Lord. Now as much as this Principle seems to Flatter Princes and to make their Thrones Eternal I am apt to suspect that no Prince who considers the just Consequence of Things can think it so very meritorious for it is a very dangerous Principle to Week and Unfortunat Princes and an intolerable Restraint upon the Aspiring and Ambitious It is Dangerous to the Unfortunate because it lays a Necessity upon the Conquerour to take away his Life if he can as well as his Throne since he cannot lose his Throne without losing his Life though most Princes would rather chuse to have them parted than lose both together And how do they think King Lewis will like this Principle which stands in the way of his Glory and preaches Restitution to him of all those Dominions whose legal Heirs are living which teaches the Subjects of other Princes to deny him Fealty and Obedience and to Conspire with their Legal Princes against him I doubt not but he likes the Principle as little aâ— he would like the Practice and that our Non-swearers would quickly understand were they the Subjects of his New Conquests which God grant England may never be Indeed how great a Complement soever this Principle may be thought to Princes it can have no Merit because though it may in some junctures do them hurt it never did and never can do them any service It never yet hindred a Revolution and never can make one and the Reason is plain because no Princes and very few Subjects do believe it and practice upon it If a Prince have a just Cause of War against another Prince he makes no Scruple if he Conquers to take his Crown and the Subjects of such a conquered Prince make no Scruple of Conscience to submit to the Conquerour though sometimes a personal Kindness for a just and Indulgent Prince and a Concernment for their own Liberties and Fortunes may make them uneasie under it and glad of the first Opportunity to do themselves and their Prince Right The Truth is Princes have no Reason to like this Principle for were it true they could have no Remedies against the Injuries of Nighbour Princes they might indeed Fight and Conquer but they had better let it alone if they must not take the Throne which their Sword has won for it is only the Fear of Conquest and losing their Crowns when they are Conquered that can keep Princes in Awe and bring them to Just and Equal Terms and if no Prince must lose his Crown because no Prince must take it it will be impossible to beat an Injurious and Obstinate Prince into good Terms and I believe Princes will as soon be perswaded That it is Unlawful to make War as that it is Unlawful to seize a conquered Crown and will think one as meritorious a Principle as the other And it is certain Subjects have less Reason to like this Principle because it makes them Slaves and Sacrifices even to the Misfortunes of their Prince A Prince when he is Conquer'd or sees that he must be Conquer'd may escape by Flight but a whole Nation cannot run away and if they could have no Reason to leave their Country and their Fortunes behind them And yet according to this Principle they must not submit nor swear Allegiance to the Conquerour while the Prince who has forsaken them lives though they cannot Secure their Lives and Fortunes without it But Nature and Common Sense is too powerful for the Sophistry of such Principles and those who cannot Reason can feel what they are to do in such Cases The Loyalest Subjects when no personal Obligations or secret Interests determine them otherwise will save themselves by Submission when they cannot defend their Prince by their Arms and do not think they do ill in it And I suppose Princes do not think so neither because they expect the same from the Subjects of other Princes in the like Circumstances and such an Universal Consent both of Princes and Subjects when there is no Law of God or Nature against it makes it a standing Law in all Revolutions which both Princes and Subjects must submit to So that this Principle were it never so true can do no Service and therefore can have no Merit in this World because there are so few thaâ— believe it that they are not hands
enough either to keep a Prince on his Throne oâ— to restore him to it All our Non-swearers could hot hinder the late Revolution noâ— can they make another They are enow to make a noise especially if the Loud and Zealous Ladies of that Side be reckoned in but other Hands and other Pretences musâ— do their Work if ever they hope to see it done and then no thanks to their Principle for it Whatever Reward their future Services may deserve princes themselves wilâ— not think that their Principles deserve any Let us then now consider the Merit of their Actions and what Opinion the Late King is like to have of that if he should return I suppose they will be contented he should forget their Merits towards him whilâ— he was on the Throne especially about reading his Declaration as likewise theiâ— Tower and their Westminster-Hall Merits which were indeed very great and did deserve and would have had a better Reward from a better Hand had they not rendereâ— themselves incapable of it But sure they don't expect the late King should Rewarâ— them for such Services He knew that this raised that general discontent which occasioned that General Revolt which cost him Three Crowns And if all their Merits caâ—â— Expiate this Guilt they come off well and those had need be very Extraordinary Merits which have first so great a Guilt to Expiate before they can pretend to Merit Could their Non-swearing restore him to his Throne again it would but just undo what â—hey had done which is no more than their Duty and therefore cannot merit no not â—o much as a Pardon though it may make them capable of it if they fall into merciful Hands But still there are Four Years Exile and the losse of Three Crowns and the Expence of so much Blood and Treasure the Dishonour of so many Defeats and the â—uine of Ireland to be accounted for and how can they make Restitution for all this Which they must do before they can lay Claim to Merit Let all this then be forgot for it is their Interest it should but they are very sanguine Men if they hope it will Whence then will they daâ—e their Merits When it was certainly known that the Prince of Orange now our Gracious Soveraign was ready to Land they seemed as well pleased with it as other Men and refused when they were pressed to it by the Late King to declare their Abhorrence of it but instead of that took upon them to give Advice and to publish it when they had done In which Advice they recommended almost every particular of the Prince's Declaration complained of the same Abuses and advised the Calling of a Parliament to redresse them as if the Princes Declaration and their Advice had been drawn by the same Pen and the Advice had been published on purpose to second the Declaration This I suppose they will not reckon among their Merits neither And if they can excuse what was so hastily done at Guildhall before the Late King was gone out of the Land they may very well be contented no more should be said of that The only Merit then they have to pretend is their refusing the Oath of Allegiance to King William and Queen Mary and forfeiting their Ecclesiastical Civil or Military Preferments for it But what is this to the Late King Is this done out of Kindnesse to him or his Government Would they not have been contented to have lived peacably and quietly as they themselves professed could they have kept their Preferments and have been excused from the New Oaths And how do they merit of him by refusing the Oaths with the Loss of their Preferments if they did not for his sake but for another and better Reason for fear of being Damned God may Reward this but King James is not beholden to them Will they be better Subjects hereafter will they read his Declaration when he Returns Will they make his Will their Law Will they submit to his next Ecclesiastical Commission and give up their Colledges and Churches to Priests and Jesuits Will they be content to take him the very same Man that he went away and to serve him in his own way Will they no more fill the Nation with the noise and fears of Popery and Arbitrary Power Will they turn Papists themselves or stand by patiently and give leave to his Priests to pervert Protestants as fast as they can Will they promise to demean themselves with more respect towards the Kings Religion and to leave off their old sawcinesse of Printing and Preaching against Popery This indeed would bid fair for Merit but if they oppose his Methods of Government and his Glorious Designs as much as they do King William's Right if it be only a Title they boggle at if this be all that makes them uneasie at the Change their not Swearing does him no Service He could have kept his Kingdoms upon these terms before but he scorned it and so he will those who to salve their Consciences or their Honours and to recover their Preferments would have him upon these terms again As much as some Men glory in their steddinesse to Principles which is certainly a very Honorable thing and an excellent degree of Virtue when the Principles are plain and certain yet few Princes to be sure not the late King like such a steddiness to Principles as opposes their Designs a stubborn inflexible Conscience is a very unrulâ— thing and Kings do not like such Subjects as dare oppose a King upon the Throâ—â—â— whatever the Cause be So that I suspect their very Boldness and Resolution in oppoâ—ing their present Majesties upon a meer point of Law will be thought no Virtue fit tâ— be rewarded by a Prince who would make his Will superiour to aâ— Laws And if the Merit of the Non-Swearers is likely to vanish into nothing especiallâ— when there is no occasion any longer to court and flatter them and Priests and Jesuiâ— have free liberty to comment on their Merits what Merit will those Men have to pleaâ— who were forward and zealous in the Revolution have Sworn Allegiance to their present Majesties have served them in their Armies and Navies at home and abroad There is no doubt but they shall have fair Promises and good words at present aâ—â— shall be remembred hereafter when there is occasion But suppose the Merits of the Non-Swearing or For-Swearing Clergy and Laity who will help forwards another Revolution should be acknowledged to be very great what probability is there that the Church of England should fare ever the better for it when Popery and Arbitary Power stand in the way past Experience gives no greâ—â— Encouragement to hope this King Lewis was as much obliged to his protestant Subjects of France as it is possible for any King to be for they set the Crown upon hiâ— Head and how he has rewarded them all the world rings of it The late King waâ— not much less beholden to
least for all the Conâ—â—derates while he has found other employment for the Imperial English Forces but â—anks be to God the K. of Engl. the English Forces are novv at leisure to attend his Motions those Forces which beat him at the Boyn at Athlone at Agrim at Lymerick in a word which beat him out of Ireland and have now got a habit of beating the French And it is no wonder that he is not fond of such company in Flanders but endeavours to find some new work for them at home And if he can but send them home again and embroil us in a Civil War that is one great point gained but if he proves successeful in his Attempt he makes England his own and will turn their Arms upon the Confederats and what can them stand in the way What should hinder him from being the sole and absolute Monarch of the West And then it is easie to read the Fate Protestants Thus Sir I have freely told you what I apprehend will be the necessary and unavoidable effects of a French Conquest I pretend not to prophesie nor to demonstration in such cases but what I have said has all the appearances of probability all the degrees of moral certainty that any thing of this nature can have and this is the only Rule in the matters by which wise men are to judge and act And this has appeared a plain and easie Answer to your Second Question what English Subjects are bound in Conscience to do in case the late King should Land in England with French Forces to demand his Crown Now there are two sorts of persons concerned in this question 1. Those who have not sworn Allegiance to King William and Queen Mary but account the late King James as much their King as he was when he sat upon the Throne and that their obligations to him are the same now that ever they were 2. Those who have sworn Allegiance to King William and Queen Mary And there are two parts of this Question 1. Whether they are bound in conscience to assist the late King if he return 2. Whether it be lawful for them to oppose him and fight against him As for the first part of this Question and as far as it concerns the Non-swearers I shal ask them two or three Questions and leave them to answer them themselves 1. The first question is Whether they can think themselves bound in Conscience upon any pretence whatever to fight for Popery against the Protestant Faith and Worship that is as they must confesse if they are Protestants to fight for Heresie and Idolatry against the true Faith and Worship of Christ or to fight for Antichrist and against Christ Can any consideration make this lawful If nothing can as I wilâ— venture to take it for granted that nothing can then whatever duty they may fancy they still owe to their Abdicated Prince it cannot be their Duty to fight for him wheâ— they cannot fight for him without fighting against Christ and his Religion though they must not fight against their Prince for Christ because Christ in such cases require his Disciples to suffer not to fight for him yet it does not follow that they must fight for their Prince against Christ to bring a Persecution upon his faithful Disciples and to contribute what they can to extirpate the Name and the Religion of Protestants out oâ— Europe Do they think themselves bound in Conscience to fight for their Prince against thâ— Laws and Liberties of their Countrey as well as against the Faith and Worship oâ— Christ Let the Rights of Princes be never so Sacred have the rest of mankind no Rights but only Princes Is there no such thing as Justice due to our selves â—or to our Fellowâ— Subjects have the Free-born Subjects of England no Natural no Legal Rights And is there any Law of God or man to fight for our Prince against the Laws and Liberties of our Countrey which are the Measures and boundaries of â—hat Duty which we owâ— to Princes that is to fight for our Prince against the rule of our duty and obedience to Princes when our Prince and the Laws and Liberties of our Countrey are on contrary sides tho we should grant them according to their own Principles that we must not fight against our Prince for our Laws and Liberties yet no more must we fight for our Prince against our Laws and Liberties It is abundantly enough to be Passive in such cases but a Nation which fights against its own Laws and Liberties is Felo de se guilty of the worst kind of Self-Murder Can any English man whatever opinion he has of the late King 's Right think himself bound in conscience to maintain his Right by giving up his Countrey to France To make him King and all his Subjects French Slaves For can any Prince have more Right to be King of England than the Kingdom of England has to be England Is it not an unaccountable tendernesse scrupulosity of Conscience to be so concerned for any one Prince's Right as to sacrifice the Rights and Liberties of all the Princes in Europe to his To set him upon the Throne to drive all other Princes from theirs We are Citizens of the World as well as Subjects of England have our Obligations to Mankind to other Princes as well as to our own though our obligation to no one other Prince is so great as to our own yet the publick good of mankind or of a great part of the world is a more sacred obligation than the particular Interest of our own Prince or Countrey much lesse then can the Right of any particular Prince be it what it will stand in competition with the Rights and Liberties of our own Countrey and of all Europe besides It is no more purpose to dispute with men who do not feel the Force of this Argument at the first hearing than to reason with blind men about Colours they have no sense left nothing but a stupid and slavish Loyalty all things tho never so sacred must give place to this the care of Religion the love of the Countrey their Justice and Charity to all mankind must vail to their senselesse mistake of the true meaning of this word Loyalty by which they will needs understand an Absolute Obedience without Limitation or Reserve when most certainly it signifies no more than Obedience according to Law 2. I would ask them What they would think themselves bound to do in such cases were the late K. upon the Throne again Unlesse they have chang'd their minds then they are not so steady to Principles as they pretend to be we may very reasonably guesse what they would do by what they did while he was upon the Throne It is certain they so much dislik'd his open designs of Popery Arbitrary Power that they opposed him as far as they durst would not Fight for him to keep him on the Throne