rich crowne of â—old and offer it to Apollo but the common â—reasure being poore the vvomen defaced â—heir Owches and Iewels to make it with all â—or which they had graunted three things to â—eare on their heads garlands of flowers to goe in chariots and openly to the feasts of â—he Gods Theseus asked of the Gods three things good fortune want of inward sorrow such glory as was neither false counterfaite nor â—ained of three other boones which he prayed of Neptune the third was in his fury curâ—ing his sonne Hyppolitus and wishing his violent death which after it was granted he repented him Cicero Demonides hauing crooked feet lost both of his shooes where-vpon he desired God â—hat his shoone might serue his feet that had â—ound them VVhen Alcibiades was condemned by the Athenians they commaunded the religious people of either sexe to curse him which one of them refused to doe saying that they had entered religion not to make vniust but iust prayers Thucydides Sylla Tiberius Caligula and Nero neueâ— could but commaund and kill on the other side Augustus Titus and Traianus could not but pray and pardon in such manner that they ouercame praying as the other fighting The Lacedemonians custome was not to craue any thing of their Gods but what was of importance and consequence saying thaâ— all smal matters were to be obtained by manâ— industry Plinie in an oration he made in the prayse of Traiane commended the custome of the Auntients to make inuocation before the beginning of their work and sayd that there could be no assured nor wise beginning of any enterprise without the especiall ayde and counsaile of God In Athence was a temple dedicated to Mercy which the Athenians kept so well watched and locked that without leaue licence of the Senate none might enter therein in this temple were only the Images of pittiful men and none entered there to pray and doe sacrifice but those that vvere pittifull Macrobius Isocrates prayed God to saue and keepe him from his friends rather then his enemies saying of his enemies he could be wary â—ecause I trust them not so can I not of my â—â—iends because I haue assured confidence 〈◊〉 them Octauius prayed GOD that it might be â—yde that by him the common wealth of â—ome was preserued from all danger and at â—is death to carry with him that hope that 〈◊〉 might remaine many ages in that estate â—e left it Suetonius A poore man craued an almes of the Emâ—erour Maximilian and told him that they â—ame both of one Father to wit Adam and â—o consequently were brethren desiring broâ—herly to deale with him to whom the Emâ—erour gaue a small peece of siluer whereat â—hen he saw the poore man discontented he told him that he ought to take it in good worth saying that if euery one of his breâ—hren would giue him as much he should â—uickly be richer then himselfe Anthony distressed by the King of Parâ—â—ia held vp his hands to heauen saying if aâ—y disdaine of GOD remayned of his forâ—er fortunes hee desired it might fall vpon â—im so the Romaine army might be freed â—nd haue the victory Appian Virginia the daughter of Virginius for that her Father was a Plebeian was forbidden to doe sacrifice with other Romaine matrone in the temple of Chastity wherfore she madâ— a temple of her own house to the Goddesse for which the Senate made her a Patritiaâ— Liuius Claudius defiled the faire matrone Obeâ—â—na as he found her praying in the temple 〈◊〉 Minerua who condemned for sacriledge escaped punishment by bribes Brutus not satisfied in killing Caesar madâ— his prayers vnto Iupiter and the hoast 〈◊〉 heauen to plague Caesar and his posterity VVhen the Cretans were vngently intreated of the Romaines they did not pray 〈◊〉 their Gods to send them pestilence warre and famine or sedition but that they woulâ— suffer new customes manners and fashion to be brought amongst them The praier of old Cato was that the couâ—â— of pleas might bee set with linnes and 〈◊〉 to take the professors of the brawâ—â—â— study of law Plutarch Alexander caused his Horse Bucephalus be buried Augustus his Parrot and Heliogabalus his Sparrow at whose obsequieâ— hee prayed and caused the body to be embalmed Of Vertue The Hebrewes by reason of the tenne Comâ—aundements boasted that they had the cheefest â—od and the summe of all Vertue MArcus Marcellus building a Temple which he called the Temple of Honor 〈◊〉 so place situate the same as none could â—aue any entrance therein except hee came â—â—rough the Temple of Vertue Liuius The Romans did not onely assigne the â—hiefest places to men of vertue but likewise â—ubliquely they gaue them Speares Horse-â—appings and Garlands Tacitus VVhen the Romaine Victors rode in tryâ—mph a slaue sate behind them striking them 〈◊〉 vpon the necke that they shoulde reâ—ember themselues and not be proude and â—hat euery man shoulde hope by vertue to â—ome to the like dignity Plutarch Fabius for his vertues was sirnamed Maxiâ—â—us where before he was called Gurges Alexanders vertues purchased him the sirâ—ame of great Plut. It is recorded of Fabius that it was as hard â—o draw him from his honestie and vertues as the sunne from his course Eutropius Camillus for a disgrace happening to him in Rome was banished into Campania where his vertues and seruice in the vvars oâ— that country succeeded so happily with him that hee returned to Rome not as an offender but in great tryumph No Athenian excelled Alcibiades eytheâ— for vertue or vice Iustinus Socrates made him to weepe for that hee shewed him by liuely reasons that he vvas 〈◊〉 lesse estimation then a base hinde if hee haâ— not vertue and that it behooued him to bâ— sorrowfull The Rhodians and the Lydians had a lawe that those sonnes which followed not they fathers in theyr vertues but liued viciously should be disinherited and theyr lands giue to the most vertuous of that race not admitting any impious heyre vvhat-soeuer Varro For that Artaxerxes Mnemon was a vertuous Prince delighted in peace the succeeding kings of Persia were called by his name Basilius Emperour of Constantinople aâ— his death exhorted Leo his sonne to vertuous actions and not to become slaue to hyâ— owne affections by good lyfe and studie oâ— â—odlines to beautifie his soule shewing himâ—â—lfe the image and Lieuetenant of the Knig 〈◊〉 heauen Theophrastus Demetrius the scholler of Theophrastus 〈◊〉 he had ten yeeres gouerned the state of â—hence hauing in memory of his vertues â—â—ree hundred and threescore statues erected 〈◊〉 Greece yet were they all through enuie â—oken dovvne which when he heard of he 〈◊〉 Though they burne my pictures yet cannot â—â—ey burne the vertuous cause of them Theoprastus Alexander vvilled that the Grecians and Barbarians shoulde no more be disguised by â—â—eyr garments but that the Grecian should be knowne by vertue and the Barbarian by 〈◊〉 accounting all vertuous men Greciâ—ns and all vicious Barbarians Quint. Curâ—â—us Menander King
him said an Anker was a token of safety and not of delay vvhereupon Seleucus euer after vsed an Anker in his signet Alexander returned from India to Babilon sayling in the â—ends a suddaine vvind did blow of his diadem into a place of reeds in which stoode the sepulchre of an ancient King which was held to be a token of his death Of Maiestie The fountaine of all excellent manners 〈◊〉 Maiestie being the whole proportion and figuâ—â— of noble estate and properly a beauty or comlinesse in the countenaunce language gestureâ— which doth cast vpon the beholders bearers a fearefull reuerence THere was in the Emperour Augustus â— natiue maiestie for from his eyes issued raies or beames which pierced the eyes oâ— the beholders Sueto The Frenchman that came to kill Marius when he saw his countenance ran from him crying that he had no power to kil him App VVhen Vlisses ship and men had suffereâ—â— shipwrack and he hardly escaped being caâ—â— all naked vppon the coast of the Pheacaes the Kings daughter sent him a mantle vvho comming to the King presented such a wonâ—derful maiestie in his lookes and speech thaâ— Alcinous vvished Vlisses woulde take his daughter Nausicaa to wife Homer The people wondering at his maiesty honoured him with sundry presents at theyâ— owne charges conueied him to Ithaca Scipio beeing in his manour place called Linternum diuers notorious theeues Pyâ—ats came onely to see his person of vvhose â—ame they had heard so large reports but he not knowing this theyr intent armed hymselfe to make defence vvhich the Captaine perceiuing dispatched his followers layâ—ng downe his vveapons said That they came not as enemies but wondering at his vertue and valour vvhervpon Scipio entertained theÌ„ Calphurnius Crassus conspiring vvith others the death of Nerua he knowing thereof placed them next to him at a publique show and not fearing danger being strengthened with a great mind gaue them swords ready drawne and asked them whether they vvere sharpe enough who taking the swords in their hands had no power to hurt him At the beginning wheÌ„ the multitude of people were oppressed by them that abounded in possessions riches they espying some one which excelled in vertue and fortitude repaired to him who ministing equity when hee had defended the poore froÌ„ iniurie retained together the greater persons with the inferiour in an equall and indifferent order wherfore they called that man a king which is to say a Ruler Belus the sonne of Nemrod vvas the firâ—â— King in the vvorld The auncient Egiptians called theyr kingâ— Epiphanes and had this custome that they should enter the Temple barefooted and because one of them came to the Church otherwise he vvas deposed and that name oâ— dignitie ceased They likewise called theyr Kinges Pharaones the Bithinians Ptolomaei the Latines Murani the Parthians Arsacides the Albanes Syluij the Sicilians Tyrants the Argiues Kings Nabuchad-nezzar intiteled himselfe King of Kings Alexander king of the world Demetrius conquerer of Citties Mithridates restorer of the vvorld Attyla the vvhyp of Nations Tamberlaine the scourge of God Dyonisius the hoast of men Cyrus the last of the Gods Henry the eyght king of England defender of the fayth Charles King of Fraunce the most christian king Alphonso King of Spayne the Catholicke king Thys Alphonso dyd first begin to make Bishops houses ioyning to the Cathedral Churches to the end that neyther colde in VVinter nor heate in Sommer might hinder their residencie In the Country of the Sydonians there vvas Dynastia which vvas called a linage of Kings that endured two hundred twentie fiue yeeres because all those Kings were of a good and vertuous conuersation The authority of Kings hath euer been accounted a thing diuine for Homer and Isocrates write that hee who gouerneth alone representeth a diuine maiestie In Egypt of Phylosophers they did chuse theyr Priests and of Priests their Kings with whom it was a law inuiolable that the King which had beene vvicked in his life shoulde not be buried after his death In the Ile Tabrobana kinges are chosen by election and not by blood Solinus Syllas dictatorship vvas called a negatiue ordained kingdom Appian The olde Romaine Kinges did vveare no crownes but held scepters in their hands of the vvhich Tarquinius was the last for that his sonne rauished Lucrecia the vvife of Collatinus Iustinus Plato following the fiction of Homer dyd write that kings children vvere composed of a precious masse to be seperated from the common sort Homer named kings Diogenes that is the generation of Iupiter and Diotrophes nourished by Iupiter and Aristes which Plato interpreteth to be the familiars of Iupiter and his disciples in politicke sciences The Kings of Persia in their priuie Chambers dispatched their greater matters themselues and left those of lesse consequence to their Princes It vvas a custome amongst the auncienâ— kings to put questions one to another to try the abilitie of theyr wits and certaine praiseâ— rewards were appointed to them that excelled Plutarch Salomon sent riddles problemes to king Hiram vvhom it cost very much because he could not assoile them vntill at length hee founde a young man of Tyrus called Abaâ—mon vvho deciphered vnto him the mosâ— part of them Dion The Kings of Persia shewed themselues more subiect to lawes then thir lords Zonaâ— The Kings of Lacedemonia did monthly sweare to guide themselues according to the Lavves and the Ephori tooke an oath in the behalfe of the people to see it executed Antiochus told his sonne Demetrius that their kingdome vvas a noble slauery There vvas foure Kings Princes which â—ad but one eye a peece Philip Alexanders â—ather Antigonus king of Macedonia Haâ—iball of Carthage and Sertorius a Romain The first lost his eye at Methon the second â—t Perinthia the third vpon the Alpes the â—ourth in Pontus Plutarch Alphonsus vvas the first king of Lusitania the sonne of Henry Loraine and Tiretia the â—ase daughter of Alphonsus king of Castile â—n one battaile he ouercame 5. princes of the Sarazines and therefore in his shielde bare 5. seuerall coates of honour Cor. Agrippa Pharamond sirnamed VVarmond vvas the first King of Fraunce vvho came out of Germanie hee bare in his shielde three blacke Toades Of Monarchies A Monarchie most significatly representeth the diuine regiment wherin absolute soueraigntie consisteth in one onely Prince who commaundeth all and is not to be commaunded of any THE latter Romaines had a Duarchie vvhich is comprehended vnder the gouernment Oligarchie their Empire was deuided into two partes the one Emperour of the East the other of the VVest Eutrop. Aristocratie is the rule or power of the best and most vertuous men approued for good lyfe and vvisedome directing their thoughts to no other end then a generall profit Oligarchie is wheÌ„ a fevv noble or rich men gouerne the Common-wealth reiecting the poore and baser sort Timocratie is the power of meane or indifferent vvealth gouerning by some
of the Bactrians vvas so â—ell beloued of his subiects for his vertues 〈◊〉 after his death the principall citties conâ—â—ded which of them shoulde haue the hoâ—or of his buriall for the appeasing of which â—ife it was concluded that each of them 〈◊〉 remembrance of his worthynes should â—ake a tombe Harmocrates the last Tyrant in Sicilia at the very instant of his death exhorted hys sonne to liue so vprightly that his vertues might make him to be enuied Alexander praised greatly this vertue in the Phylosopher Calisthenes that for others he asked many things for himselfe nothing Plutarch Into the graue Senate of Areopage noâ—e were receiued except they had made some notable proofe of their vertues Sabellicus A rare example of a Romans vertue was iâ— Mesâ—ala who hauing Claudius in his custodie who before had proscribed him restored him to his estate and preserued him frâ—â— danger Appianus Iuno through her riches Mercurie througâ— his eloquence Venus through her beautie Mâ—â—s through his threats and the rest of thâ— Gods hauing all conspired against Iupiter 〈◊〉 were not able to pull him out of heauen 〈◊〉 which the Poets signified that a vertuouâ— man can by no meanes be turned aside from iustice Plato wrote 54. Bookes or Dialogues which did all intrâ—ate of vertue in which that he might not be thought vngrateful toward his Maister Socrates who woulde neuer write any thing hee bringeth him in reâ—hearsing that which he heard him speake Anacharsis led with the onely loue of verâ—ue left the kingdom of Scythia to his younâ—er brother trauailed into Grecia where â—e learned phylosophy of Solon Pelopidas generall of the Thebans is more â—raised for his notable vertue hee shevved â—hen he was prysoner in the hands of Alexâ—nder the tyrannous K. of the Phereans theÌ„â—or all his vertues gotten before Thucid. The Emperour Rodolphus othervvise of â—afe parentage by his vertues mounted to 〈◊〉 Monarchie Maximilian the Emperour aunswered one â—hat desired his Letters patents to ennoble â—im I am able to make thee rich but vertue onâ—â— must make thee noble Alexander Seuerus neuer kept in his court 〈◊〉 ill disposed persons or suffered any â—â—ough neuer so neere to him in blood once â—ound faulty to escape vnpunished Lactan. Marius esteemed it a great poynt of vertue â—nd high courage to bee skilful in cosenage Plutarch Two of the most famous Citties in the â—orld were in two extremeties Rome the â—ead of vice and Alexandria the end of all â—ertues Aurelius Of Iustice. Betweene the two zodiacall signes Leo and Libra is a virgin called Astraea or Iustice the which in times past dwelled vpon the earth anâ— beeing abused and neglected of mortall men 〈◊〉 tooke ber flight to heauen THe Egyptians who vvere the auncienâ— Lawmakers in theyr Citties caused Iuâ—ges to be paynted without handes and the President or chiefe Iustice with hys eyeâ— blindfolded thereby signifying that Iusticâ— ought neither to be briber nor respecter oâ— persons Pausanius Beza faineth Iustice and Mercie to bee two Sisters standing by the throne of God VVhen the Hebrewes asked a King of Samuell they added this to iudge al nations The Areopagites iudged by night and iâ— the darke Quintil. Aristides for his impartiall dealing in 〈◊〉 matters was sirnamed the Iust. Mycerinus the son of Cleops surpassed 〈◊〉 the Kings of Egipt for true iustice Herodâ—t Iunius Brutus a consul of Rome condemned his two sonnes Titus Tiberius to beâ—â—eheaded for that they conspired the reentre â—f Tarquinius race into Rome Liuius Philip and Alexander his sonne when any â—ame to complaine stopped one of theyr â—ares which they reserued for the defenâ—ant Plutarch No man durst euer solicite Cato Censorius 〈◊〉 any dishonest cause Cicero The Emperour Iulian though otherwise a â—yrant condemned no man before his cause â—as heard Euseb. Cambises commaunded Sisamnes skinne â—or his iniustice to bee â—lead of and couering â—he iudgement seate there-with appointed â—is sonne to iudge in his place Herodotus Seleucus Gouernour of â—ocris his sonne â—eeing taken in adultery whose punishment â—as losse of both his eyes to satisfie iustice â—nd in some sort the people who intreated â—im to remit the punishment caused one of â—is sonnes and another of his owne to bee â—ulled out Valerius A boy was condemned at Athence for that â—e vsed to catch young Quailes and to pull â—ut theyr eyes and so to let them flie againe â—im the Areopagites thought not vvorthy â—o lyue fearing that if hee were remitted for â—hys offence hee would not stick in time to attempt greater cruelties Quintil. Phocion refused to helpe his sonne in lavv Charillus in iudgement beeing accused for bribery saying withal that he had made him his allie in al iust reasonable matters only Philip was importuned by an olde woman to heare her cause to whom when the King made aunswer that he had no leysure she replyed then be no King which he wel regarding sette all busines aside to heare her complaint Valerius Thys King beeing once ouertaken vvitâ— sleepe and not well hearing the iustificatioâ— defence of Machetas he condemned him in a certaine summe wherevpon Machetaâ— cryed out I appeale to Philip when hee is thâ—rowly awake vvhich when he heard againe he aquited him Philip the first King of Macedon vvaâ— slaine by Pausanias a meane gentleman because hee woulde not let him haue iustice â—gainst Antipater VVhen Aristides was to determine a controuersie betweene two one of them sayde My aduersary Aristides hath doone the wrong But he aunswered My friend declare onely vvherein he hath wronged thee for I am here to doe thee right and not my â—â—lfe Laertius Antonius Venereus Duke of Venice cauâ—â—d his sonne to die in prison because hee had â—â—uished a maide Papinian a Pagan although hee was comâ—aunded by the Emperor Caracalla whose â—eward and familiar hee was to defende an â—niust cause would not doe it Marsilius Cleon of Lacedemon minding to deale in â—ublique affayres called all his friends togeâ—her and told them that hee renounced and â—ischarged himselfe of all friendship because 〈◊〉 caused men sometimes to swarue from iuâ—tice Plut. Aurelianus the Emperour was so fearefull of placing an vnwoorthy man in the seate of iudgement that hee neuer preferred any to the dignity of Senator but with the consent of the whole Senate Pau. Diaconus Traianus allighted from his horse as he was going to warres onely to doe iustice to a poore woman Eutropius Mardus sate in iudgement vpon his Sonne Cartanes and would haue put him to death but Artaxerxes seeing his iustice pardoned his sonne Aelianus Agesilaus requested by his Father to gyue sentence against equity graciously denyed him with this aunswer You haue taught me◠ô Father from my youth to obey the lawes 〈◊〉 therefore I will now obey you therein by iudging nothing against the lawes At Athence if any man committed wilful murder iudgemeÌ„t was prosecuted in a place called Martius Pagus it against his vvill the sessions was kept in Palladum if the murderer
â—nd reason which is in men this soule is â—â—kened to a circle because of her perfection â—nd containing for of all the figures of the â—ame length the circle is most most conâ—ayneth and whosoeuer hath the soule Reasonable hath also the Sensible and Vegitable sed non é contra Aristotle The soule beeing once made shall endure euermore in body or out of body and that shall neuer be sayde that it vvas made by the Image of GOD if it were closed in the bonds of death Augustine Plato calleth the soule a beeing which only mooueth it selfe Zeno termeth it a number which mooueth it selfe Pythagoras an harmony Democritus a subtile and vncertaine spyrite Aselepiades saith it is a manner of cord that setteth the fiue Sences a vvorke Porphyrius Idea Hippocrates a subtile spirit spred through all the body and Epicâ—â—rus a kinde of fire and ayre Pythagoras maintained Palingenesia whicâ— is that soules departed returne into otheâ— bodies Hee sayde that hee remembred thaâ— hee was Euphorbius at the sacke of Troy Ouid. There vvas an auncient lavve vnder Saturne that vvhen good men departed out of thys lyfe they be sent into the fortunate Iles vvhich Iles the Poet Pyndarus describeth the vvicked are sent into the Iaile of vengeance which he calleth Tartarus Plutarch imitating Plato bringeth in Thespesias raysed from the dead to discourse of the lyfe to come De sera numinis vindicta The Thracians vvere sirnamed the neuer-dying Getes vvho vvere of opinion that after theyr departure out of thys vvorld they vvent to Zamolrix or Gebelezie that is in the Getish of Goatish tongue to him that gaue them health saluation and all kind of happinesse Cleombrotus a Phylosopher when he had reade a Treatise of the immortalitie of the soule presently slew himselfe so did Cato of Vtica Plutarch That which Virgill sayth in his second Egâ—â—gue concerning the drugge or spice of Asâ—ria called Amomum and the going thereof â—uery vvhere is of some interpreted to bee â—eant of the immortalitie of the soule the â—octrine wherof Pherecides brought thence â—â—to Greece that it should bee vnderstoode â—hroughout the vvorld The taking of Enoch into heauen of God â—vas doone that the vvorlde might thereby â—nderstand and beleeue that there is immorâ—ality after this lyfe The Indians burne themselues before they â—ome to extreame age terming it the letting of men loose and the freeing of the soule froÌ„ the body and the sooner they did it the vviser they vvere esteemed Porphyrius Zeno sayd that he had rather see an Indian burne himselfe cheerefully then to heare all the Phylosophers of the vvorlde discoursing the immortality of the soule The people that dwell by the riuer Niger otherwise called the people of Seneca in Affrica offer themselues vvith great willingnes to bee buried quicke with their maisters vvherevpon Zeno sayd that all the demonstrations of Logicke and Mathematick had not so much force to proue the immortality of the soule as this onely deed of theirs Alexander asked a Gymnosophist vvheâ—ther there were more men aliue then deade he sayd there were more aliue because noâ—â— are dead Plutarch All the learning of the Sages Scythians was grounded vppon the immortality of the soule The Schollers of Hegesias hearing there Maister discoursing of the immortalitie of soules departed out of thys lyfe vvere so rauished with his words that they vvillinglie killed themselues Plutarch The soules of Saints in heauen knowe nothing vvhat is doone vpon the earth for if they did said August my mother Monicha would bee with mee euery night to comfort me in my heauines de ciuit Dei Plinie the elder denying the immortalitie of the soule vvhilst hee was ouer curious in searching out the cause of the burning Aetna was burned therein A iust punishment for him to end his life by smoake who esteemed the soule no better then a vapour Origen attributeth vnto the soules departed a place vpon the earth where they learn those thinges which they knewe not vvhile they liued As the Papists frame a Purgatorie so he an Eruditory P. Mart. Philoronimus a priest of Galatia liued sixe â—â—eres in dead mens vaults and Sepulchers â—â—at bee might alwayes remember that hee â—as dead to the vvorld and aliue to Christ. â—â—aclides Pope â—eo commanded two Phylosophers 〈◊〉 discourse of the soule the one to proue â—e immortalitie the other that it was morâ—ll and when the Pope was to giue iudgeâ—ent hee sayde to him that had maintained â—he immortality Thou hast argued the truth â—ut the reasons of the other sauour of more pleaâ—â—re and liberty Luther The soules of Tyrants are composed of arogancie and cruelty Plutarch Of all the fiue Sences the sight is most piercing and subtile for the kinde thereof is â—erie Benedictus had such a power in his eye eueÌ„ to his superiors that with a looke he caused a furious and audatious King of the Goaths to quake and tremble Plautianus had such a terror in his countenance that the lookers on him were dauÌ„ted for this cause when he went abroade he had â—â—teambulones to Marshall the way and giue warning of his coÌ„ming that they might not behold him Herodianus Comodus was of so perfect ayme sighâ— that what soeuer he shot at he killed and 〈◊〉 Herodotus writeth he slew a hundred wild beasts at a hundred shot Amongst all lyuing creaturs GOD hatâ— onely giuen immoouable eares to men and Apes Aristotle Those that dwel by the riuer Nilus are very deafe by reason of the horrible noyse 〈◊〉 thereof Ambrose The Emperour Claudius seeing the meate that was prepared for the Salian Priests dyd forthâ—with leaue all his serious affayres and vvent to dinner vvith them Suetonius Griffons haue so quicke a smell that they smell carryon ouer or beyond the Seas Ambrose Touching is a vertue in the sinewes of all the body being the sence wherein all the other imprint theyr passions Auicen There is an hearbe called Spartonica oâ— Sâ—ytica vvhich beeing tasted or helde in the mouth the Scythians therby are able to endure hunger cold twelue dayes together Plinie Of Clemencie This vertue by the Grecians is called Philanâ—ropia which signifieth the law of mankind her â—ranches are thankefulnes pitty and liberaâ—itie TItus Sonne of the Emperour Vespasian for his wonderfull clemency was called Deliciae humani generis Iosephus Antonius for his pitty was sirnamed Pius â—he as neuer Emperor before him did raigned without the effusion of any blood Traian when he was blamed by some of his friends for his ouer much clemency answered I will be vnto my Subiects as I would my Subiects should be to mee for the gentlenes of a Prince neuer hurteth his estate Suetonius Phillip King of Macedonia would not punish Nicanor although he openly spake euill of him saying when he heard therof I suppose that hee is a good man it were better to search whether the fault be in vs or no. Dion hauing ouercom Dionisius restoâ—ed his Cuntries liberty forgaue Heraclides one of his
consumed all his time therein whose poesie was Ede bibe lude post mortem nulla voluptas The Kings Princes of Asia were much giuen to pleasure The life of Dionysius when he was in his best health was lost by sodaine ioy Fulgosius M. Aurelius banished fiue vvise-men his Court for clapping their heeles and hands and laughing outragiously Heliogabalus writ certaine wanton books and called them by the name of his wife Semyramida Tharua the Romaine Consul died through sodaine ioy while he was reading the letters of the Senate wherein they had ordayned a common supplication thanksgiuing to be solemnly made Plut. Sophocles dyed vvith immoderate reioycing for that his Tragedies went so generally applauded Plinius Diagoras the Rhodian and Chilon hearing that their children had wone the prize at the games of Olimpus felt such a motion in them of the spleene that they were stifeled with ioy Epâ—curus who placed his felicity in corporall pleasures dyed miserably in a vessell of hote water Xerxes propounded rewards to those that inuented new kind of pleasures Iustin. Socrates meruailed that Aesope made not a fable wherein hee might haue fayned that God since hee could neuer couple pleasure and sorrow together might haue knit them with an extreamity so that the beginning of one should haue beene the end of the other Plato in Phaedro The Romaines and the Athenians to get the good will and loue of the people builded Theaters shewing diuers deuises of pastimes as Comedies Tragedies and dauncing of Antiques The Greekes had 4. great games appoynted the first vpon mount Olympus in Arcadia which Hercules inuented to honour Iupiter which was so famous that as the Romaines vsed to account the time by theyr Consuls so did the Greekes by these games which was appoynted euery fift yeare The second games were called Pythij and inuented of Apollo in memory that he killed the Serpent Python heere they exercised running leaping wrastling ryding and swimming The third were called Isthmia inuented of Theseus in the honour of Neptune of Isthmos a place in Arcadia where hee was worshipped The fourth Nemea which they make in remembrance of Hercules for that he killed a great fierce Lyon in the Forrest of Nemea In the first play the garland of victory was of Oliue in the second of Oake in the third of Pine in the fourth the garland was of Poplar tree Pyndarus The Troians in King Latinus Court vsed for theyr recreation the playing at the ball Virgil. The Corinthians thought it the greatest felicity in the world to spende dayes nights in playes and esteemed more happines to winne a game then a Romaine Captaine to get a triumph Xerxes inuented the Chesse-play to warne a tyrant to auoide his tirany and by his play to let him vnderstand how dangerous the estate of a Prince is that dooth not vse his Subiects well Another play was vsed in Greece eyther vpon the dice or else closely in hand called Euen and odde The Romaines had foure games the first Lupercalia brought out of Arcadia by Euander sacrificed vnto Pan vpon mount Palantine the young men of Rome ranne naked one vnto another and he that was most swift of foote escaped stripes but he that was ouer-taken by the way was sure to speed The second Circenses ludi in a place appointed by Rome enuironed about with huge strong walls heere was running of horses fighting on horseback wrastlers leapers The third Saturnalia which Ianus did inuent in memory of Saturnus his fellow this play was celebrated with much mirth pleasure and pastime It was alwaies in the moneth of September when euery man saluted his friends with rewards at that time al things were common Macrobius The fourth Gladiatoria where the youth of Rome came to behaue themselues among theyr enemies at the long speare the long sword the staffe in that play naked without armour they came to fight against theyr enemies Claudius Caesar Emperor writ a booke of the Art of dicing gaming which he his successour Augustus greatly studied Agripâ—a Caesar being warned to beware of Anthony and Dolobella being fat merry and liberall speakers sayd that such were not be feared but those rather which were sad of an heauy complexion as Brutus Cassius Plutarch Alexander when many Phylosophers had disputed in his presence wherein consisteth the good hap of this life he made aunswere Beleeue me friends that in all this world there is not equall delight or lyke pleasure as to haue where-with to be liberall and not wherefore to chastice Plut. VVhen Darius had ouercom the Lydians he ordayned that they should vse perfumes and doe nothing but daunce leape and hant Tauernes to the intent that by that meanes becomming altogether effeminate they might not haue the courage torebell afterward Pyrrhus seeing the Tarentines to be too ful of delicacie forbad all assemblies to feasts to mummeries and such like brought theÌ„ backe to the exercise of armes shewing himselfe seuere to those that were enrowled in his muster-booke and bound to goe to the warres Cineas told Fabritius how a Philosopher counsailed men to referre all their doings to pleasure who prayed God to giue such wisedome to Romulus and the Samnites Demetrius hauing giuen himselfe to al plesures the Macedonians draue him out saying That they were weary of bearing armes and fighting for his pleasures Lewes the 11. permitted all Comaedians and Stage-players to speake freely and to reprehend such vices as were manifest Ph. Com. Of Apparell Nature cannot be surpassed by Art who many times disdaining that she is prouoked by how much more the greater force shee is pressed and couered by so much the more she riseth vp and sheweth her selfe the naturall deformity of the body can neither he altered with sumptuous attire colours nor odours but make it eyther more euident to be seene or more doubtfull to be suspected ALexander hauing ouercome the Persians despised his owne Country fashions and vsed altogether the apparell of the Persians by the which hee alienated his Subiects harts for thus the Persians tryumphed ouer him not he ouer them Fulgentius The Romains vsed three maner of gownes Pretextatae Palmatae Candidatae The first Gentlemens children of 14. yeares old did vveare the second conquerours for theyr noble deeds the third Lords maisters and Rulers of the law Aristotle delighted to goe braue in gorgeous apparell with chaines and rings and tooke therein great felicity Demosthenes and Hortensius two famous Orators went so neate in their cloathing and with such wanton iestures that Lucius Torquatus would often call Hortensius Dionisiaes Sonne for that she had great pleasure in dauncing and mouing her body Augustus Caesar would weare no other garments then such as his vvife daughters made and those very modest Agesilaus King of Lacedemonia neuer had but one kinde of garment for VVinter and Sommer Diogenes beholding a stranger come from Lacedemonia more curiously decked on a feastiuall day then he was wont
the femenine sexe to haue had masculine courages Theana being demaunded what married wife deserued commendation aunswered She that medleth onely with her rocke and spindle that loueth onely her husbands bed and keepeth her tongue in quiet Atheneus The Essenians haue neyther wife nor seruants nor the Dulopolitans called otherwise the Rascalls and Slaues of Citties professed open enemies to all women-kind Iosephus Homer bringeth in Iupiter reprouing and threatning his wife when she is rebellious but neuer further Vpon the Ascention day in Venice the Duke accompanied with all his Nobles in a faire vessel of plesure made Gally-wise goeth in it a mile or two into the Sea casteth there in a ring of gold thinking by this ceremony they so marry the Sea vnto them that all the yeare after they may haue safe passage for their commodities Of Parents Children God hath formed the mind to the perfect mold of truth and vertue carrying it farre from vice wherefore it behoueth Parents to giue their children good education which once taught then is their voyage and Nauigation in this world happy making them thankefull to the occasions of their great good where otherwise neglected they abhorre the remembrance of their Parents when through their damnable liberty and euill examples they haue beene led away SOlon made a law that those Parents in their old age should not be releeued of theyr children which cared not how they practised good manners or profited in letters Timarchides being of wicked life was not ashamed to haue his Sonne of tender yeares to be a viewer and witnes of his wicked lyuing Cic. Verres cared not how his Sonne spent his time whether among harlots or honest persons Cic. Scipio Affricanus being eighteene yeares of age his Father then Consull saued his life at Ticinum and ouercame him that wounded his Father Stat. Vespasian being besieged of the Barbarians in Britania was deliuered by his Sonne Titus Xiphil Lausus the Sonne of Mezentius defended his Father from Aeneas and was slayne of him Virg. Antigonus when hee had obtained a great victory of his enemies hee tendered all the honour at his Fathers feete Rauisius Antigone led her blind Father Oedipus Sophocles Cleobis and Byton drew theyr mother in her Coach to the temple of Apollo Cicero Leo the younger when he had raigned one yeare rendered the crowne againe to his Father Zeno. Aegeus when he saw the ship that his Sonne rode into Crete returne with blacke sailes contrary to promise supposing that hee was slaine threw himselfe from an high rocke into the Sea Ouid. Aelius Tubero had sixteene children of his owne body all of them maried and dwelling in one house with their children and lyuing with him in all peace concord The arrogancy of a childe was the cause that one of the Ephories published the law of testaments wherby it was permitted to euery one from that time forward to appoynt whom he would his heire Among the Romains the child was not admitted to pleade his Fathers vvill after his death by way of action but onely by way of request vsing very humble and reuerent speech of his dead Father and leauing the whole matter to the discretion of the Iudges Patritius Antigonus the Sonne of Demetrius who was taken prisoner by Seleucus when his Father sent him word to giue no credite to any letters he should send for the deliuering vp of certaine townes thereto constrained by Seleucus Antigonus contrariwise writ to Seleucus that he would yeeld him vp all become pledge for him if he would restore his Father Apollonida mother to King Eumenes and to three other of his bretheren accounted her selfe happy because she saw her 3. younger sonnes as it were a garde to theyr elder brother Cato with his owne hande wrote a historie and gaue it to his sonne to the end he might there see the acts of his auncestors learne the skill howe to gouerne the Common-wealth Bercilidus a Gouernour in Sparta sitting at meate did forbid that the younger sorte should doe him reuerence reproouing himselfe of barrennes because he had not begotten any children to doe them the like honor when they were old Cornelia accounted her children to be the chiefest treasure riches that she had Val. In Fraunce there was a Father his sonne condemned to death for treason and iudged to be executed according to the custom of the Country by standing in a Caudron in vvhich they should be boyled to death now it was winter and beeing both naked in the water the sonne began to quake for cold and when the vvater was heated to cry out vvith great impatience his Father persisting immoueable in both sayd Thou sonne of a vile whore canst thou neither abide heat nor cold Augustus commanded the Ladies his children to learne all the offices and qualities wherewith a vvoman might liue be maintained and vvhereof she ought to boast herselfe in such vvise that all the apparrel which they vveare they did spin and weaue saying that a rock became a Ladies girdle asvvell as a Launce becam a Knight or a book a Priest Sueto Annalis being condemned by the Triumuiri fled to a tenant of his who had a homely house was safe hid vntill his son broughâ— the pursuers to the house who killed him Then the Triumuiri rewarded him with his Fathers goods and made him Chamberlain of the Citty but one day beeing drunke and troubling the souldiours they which killed his father murdered him Appian Choranius the vnhappy Father of an vnthrifty sonne prayed the pursuers to spare his life a while till he might sende to his son to speake to Anthony who laughed at him sayd his sonne had spoken but to the contrary Appian Quintus Ciceros brother and his sonne being taken prayed the murtherers to kil him before his sonne but his sonne requested the contrary vvhereupon the souldiers promised to graunt both theyr desires and taking them a sunder by a token killed them both at one instant Appian Ignatius the Father and the sonne fighting together dyed of one vvound when their heads vvere striken of theyr bodies dyd yet imbrace Idem Aruntius could hardly perswade his sonne that would not flie without him to saue himselfe because he was but young his mother sent him afore to the gates and then returned to burie her husband beeing killed and vvhen she shortly after heard that her sonne vvas dead vpon the sea shee famished herselfe Plut. Geta the sonne of Scoponius made a fire in the open place of his house to burie his Father that seemed to be dead whom he had hid in an house in the country where the old man disguising himselfe layde a parchment before his eyes and after the agreement was made hee tooke away the parchment and founde his eyes out for want of vse Appian Oppius sonne minding to take part vvith his olde feeble father bare him on his backe till hee was past the gates and the rest of the vvay
his subiects vvith exactions dyed when he had raigned 18. yeres Antonius Comodus defamed himselfe by his wicked life and died suddainly raigning twelue yeeres 8. months Pertinax was very olde when hee was chosen and hauing raigned but 80. daies he was slaine in an vproare which sell among the gard by the meanes of Iulian. Didicus Iulianus bought the Empire vvith mony hee was a noble man expert in the lawes he was ouercom by Seuerus slaine in his pallace raigning 7. months Seuerus the only Emperour created forth of Affrique he was very couetous by nature cruell hee subdued Brittaine deceased at Yorke raigning 18. yeres Antoninus killed his brother Geta in hys mothers presence hee founded the Baths at Rome was much giuen to lust he espoused his mother in law Iuba and was slaine of Macrinus when he had raigned 6. yeeres Opilius Macrinus Diadumenus hys son succeeded were both slaine in a sedition raigning but one yeere 2. months Heliogabalus vvas a most dissolute wicked Emperour the base sonne of Antoninus he vvith his mother Semiamira were drawn vvith all spight through the Citty of Rome their bodies were torne in peeces cast into Tiber he raigned sixe yeeres Alexander Seuerus beeing but 17. yeeres old was chosen Emperour hee was a very vertuous Prince and the first Emperor that fauoured the Christians hee vvas slaine in Fraunce in a tumult that arose among the souldiours by the meanes of Maximinus in the thirteene yeere of his raigne Maximinus vvas first a Sheephearde in Thracia and afterward became a souldiour hee vvas the first that aspired to the Empyre by meanes of souldiours only he was slaine by Pupienus at Aquileia when he had raigned three yeeres Three at once bare the name of Augustus Pupienus Balbinus and Gordianus the the first two so soone as they came to Rome were slaine in the pallace Gordianus raigned alone he was come of a noble progeny and when he had raigned sixe yeeres he vvas slaine by the treason of Phillip who succeeded him Philip was the first Emperour that proâ—essed the Christian saith hee was slaine by Decius when he had raigned 5. yeares Decius made an act that all that worshipped Christ should be slaine both he and his â—onne were slaine in Barbary after they had â—aigned 2. yeares some write he was swallowed vp in an earthquake Virius Gallus and Volusianus his sonne â—aigned together then Emilianus attempted new conspiracies in Moesia and when they both went to subdue him they were slaine at â—teramna not raigning full out two yeares â—hey persecuted the Christians Aemilianus as hee was descended of base stock so was the time of his Empire obscure and without fame when he had raigned 3 moneths he was slaine Valerianus raigned 6. yeres he was discomfited taken prisoner by Sapores King of Persia who wheÌ„ he would take his horse he made Valerianus lie on the ground that hee might tred on him while he got on horsback he was slaine at Millaine ruled 6. yeares Galienus was lerned but giuen to great excesse dronkennes he was slaine likewise at Millaine hauing raigned with his Father 6. yeares and 9. after him Flauius Claudius a vertuous Prince sober and a maintayner of iustice within two yerâ— after he began his raigne sickned and dyed he ouercame the Gothes the Germaines restored Aegipt to the Empire Quintilius semblable as vertuous as hiâ— brother by the assent of the Senat was made Augustus and was slaine within 17. dayes after he began his raigne Aurelianus was borne in Denmark a stout man in war but cruell he was slaine through the treason of his owne seruants when he had raigned 5. yeres 6. moneths he was the first that wore a crowne imperial robes of gold and pearle which before were strange to the Romaines Tacitus a man of exceeding good conditions dyed within 6. moneths after his enterance Florianus raigned 2. moneths 20. daies he dyed by incision of his owne vaines did nothing worthy of memory Probus a man well expert in warfare a stout and iust man was slaine in an vproare which grew among the Souldiours when he had raigned 6. yeares 3. moneths Carus made his sonnes Carasius Numirianus Emperour with him Numirianus was vertuous and Carasius as wicked as Nero they raigned 2. yeares Carus was slaine with lightning and Numerianus by treason and Carasius by his owne companie Dioclesian was of ripe wisedome and garnished with many vertues yet a great persecutour of the Christians Maximinianus was associated to him in the Empire the first raigned 20. yeres they both left the Empire and liued priuatly Dioclesian slew himselfe for feare of Licinius Constantinus Maximinianus was slaine of Constantius his brother in law Constantius and Galerius sirnamed Armenius for that he somtimes kept beasts raigned 4. yers with great praise CoÌ„stantius died in England and Galerius killed himselfe Constantinus as some write was the first Emperor that professed the name of Christ he bulded CoÌ„stantinople in that place which was called Bizantium he was a vertuous godly Prince he raigned 30. yeares Three Emperours and Caesars raigned at once Constantinus in Fraunce Spaine and Germany Constantius in the East Constans in Italy The first was slaine when hee had raigned 3. yeares the second was killed by Magnentius wheÌ„ he had raigned 13 yeres and Constans died when he had ruled 39. Iulianus the Apostata raigned 3. yeares he was a great persecutor of the Christians whâ— he was deadly wounded and lay vppon the ground he threw his blood to heauen-ward saying Vicisti Gallilaee Iouinianus was a very good Prince and fauorer of the Gospel he instituted that titheâ— should be paid he died sodainly when he had raigned 7 moneths Valentianus Valens raigned foureteene yeres they were both Christians Valens was slaine by the Gothes and Valentianus dyed by an extreame bleeding Gratianus raigned sixe yeares hee was a true maintainer of religion and learned hee made Theodosius partner with him and was slaine in Fraunce by his Gouernour Maximus Theodosius raigned after him eleauen yeares hee was a Spaniard and a godly and vertuous Prince restoring the peace to the Church whose death Saint Ambrose bewailed and writ thus of him That hee was more carefull for the estate of the Church thaâ— to preuent his owne dangers Arcadius raigned with his brother Honorius the one in the East 15 yeares the other in the VVest 29 yeres and dyed Theodosius the 2 sonne of Arcadius ruled â—t Constantinople 42. yeares he was a most vertuous Prince and chose Valentinian as â—hen a child to raigne with him he dyed of â—he pestilence Valentinianus was slaine by a Souldiour hired of one Maximus to that end for that he had forced his wife he raigned fiue and twenty yeares Martianus after he had gouerned the Empire 7 yeares was poysoned at Constantinople by the treasons of Ardibure and Aspar hys Father beeing a vertuous and iust Prince Leo the first ruled 17 yeares
he ouercame Aspar whilst he gouerned in the East there raigned with lawfull and vnlawfull tytles in Italy sixe or seauen Emperours he dyed at Constantinople Leo the Nephew of this Leo deceased was obeyed as Emperour but hee yeelded it to his Father Zeno crowning him vvith hys own hands and shortly after dyed who ruled like a tyrant and died when he had gouerned the Empire 18 yeares Anastasius raigned 27. yeares and vvas slaine with a thunderbolt that fell from heauen Iustinus the first ruled 11. yeares and dying adopted for Caesar his Nephew Iustinian Iustinian was a wise and iust Prince most happy in two Captaines Belizarius Narses when he was old hee elected in the Empire his Nephew Iustine and dyed in the 39. yeare of his Empire Iustinus the 2 raigned 11. yeares and dyed of the gowte but a little before he created Caesar a Captaine called Tiberius Tiberius the 2 was a vertuous iust mercifull Prince he raigned 7. yeares and nominated Mauritius his sonne in law successour Mauritius was slaine by Phocas with his wife sonnes and daughters this punishment histories doe note was for not redeeming the Christians which being taken captiues were in thraldome with an infidell Prince Phocas gouerned 7. yeares and was slayne by Priscus one of his Captaines his leggs armes head and priuities were cut off hee made the Bishop of Rome supreame head aboue all other Bishops which Gregory the first discommended in Phocas he tooke the Crosse of Christ from Ierusalem Heraclius brought againe the Crosse to Ierusalem he gouerned 30. yeares in his time began the kingdome of Mahomet Anno Domini 644. Constantinus his sonne was poysoned by his step-mother Martina the first yeare of his raigne to make her sonne Heraclionas Emperour who raigned 2. yeares the Senate hauing knowledge of theyr trecherous dealings cutte off the nose of Heraclionas Martinaes tonge and the Patriarchs sending them all 3. into banishment Constans the sonne of Constantius was strangled in a bath at Syracusa when he had raigned 27. yeares Constantinus Barbatus made peace in the Empire of the East and in the Church died when he had gouerned 17. yeares Iustinianus the 2 ruled 10. yeares before he was banished and being restored 6. yeares more many troubles befell him for two flatterers by whom hee was ruled the one Theodosius a Monke whom his Subiects called General the other Stephen his Chaplaine who determined all matters concerning religion Leontius the Patriarch helping him was made Emperour and cut off Iustinianus nose Apsimarus expulsed him and gouerned 7. yeares Iustinian before mentioned returned from Exile ayded by the Bulgarians and cut off the heads of Leontius and Apsimarus pulled out the eyes of Callinicus the Patriarch in the end his Souldiours killed him and his sonne Tiberius when they had taken them from a Sanctuary Philippus Bardanes ruled 2 yeres he pulled downe Images in Churches but Artemius his Secretary caused his eyes to be pulled out Artemius otherwise called Anastatius held his Empire 1 yeare and 3 moneths he was deposed by Theodosius who put himselfe into a monastry when he had raigned 1 yere fearing to be inuaded of Leo but Artemius gathering an hoast out of Bulgaria went about to recouer the Empire but he was betrayed to Leo who killed him Leo sirnamed Iconomachus that is an assaulter of Images raigned 26 yeres he made an edict that all Images in Churches should be pulled downe Constantinus Copronymus so called because at his baptisme hee defiled the Fount was a great destroyer of Images he dyed in in the 35 of his Empire Leo the 4 his sonne gouerned 5. yeares and vvas crowned of the Patriarch in hys life time Irene with her young Sonne Constantine â—uled the Empire 10 yeares after he being 20 yeares of age tooke the gouernment aâ—one which she enuying when he had raigned 7. yeares caused his eyes to be pulled out of which greefe he died she raigned after him 3 yeares and then the gouernment of Italy was committed to Carolus Magnus by a generall consent Nicephorus possessed the Empire of the East and made peace with Charles the great hee was slaine of the Bulgarians the ninth yeare of his raigne he made his sonne Stauratius Emperour who the third moneth after he gouerned was deposed by Michaell Curopalates and put into a monastry Michaell Curopalates married Procopia the sister of Stauratius made a league with Charles and after he had raigned 2 yeares became a Monke Since Iulius Caesar was murdered in the Senate vnto Charles the great there are found aboue thirty Emperors that were slaine and foure that killed themselues Sleidan Of the Empire of Germany THE Empire of Germany began in the yeare of our Lord eight hundred one whose first Emperour of the VVest was Carolus Magnus so sirnamed for his noble acts whose Grandfather was Carolus Martellus his Father Pipinus of Fraunce his Mother Birrha daughter to Heraclius Emperour of Constantinople he was excellently learned in the Greeke and Latine tongue hee dyed at Aquisgrane when hee had raigned 14. yeares Lodouicus Pius his sonne was so called of a religious superstition not hauing the perfect knowledge of God but as religion went in those dayes for he encreased the worshipping of Idols and Images he was farre inferiour to his Father both in wisedome and vertue hee caused his brothers sonne Barnardus King of Italy his eyes to be pulled out he made his sonne Lotharius Emperor with him who with his brother Pipinus deposed him but afterwards restored he dyed at Magunze and raigned 27. yeares Lotharius the first vexed by the ciuill wars of his brethren was forced to make a Tetrarchia deuiding his Empire into 4. parts that â—e himself shold eÌ„ioy Italy with the Empire â—nd a part of Germany which lieth between â—hene and Moselletta Lodouicus should â—ule Germany Charles Fraunce and Pipiâ—us Aquitania he made his sonne Lodouiâ—us pertaker with him in the Empire and â—hortly after deposing himselfe went into a monastry called Brumia and there died haâ—ing raigned 15. yeares Lodouicus the 2 excelled in learning godâ—ines humanity liberality profound wit he dyed at Millaine in Italy when hee had raigned 19. yeares Carolus Caluus the sonne of Lodouicus Pius succeeded him for that he had no heire male when hee fled from Charlemaine and Carolus Crassus the sonne of Lodouicus Germanicus to Mantua he was there as som write poysoned by his Phisition Sidechias a Iew he was couetous proud ambitious and vaine-glorious he raigned in the Empire 2. yeares Lodouicus the third sirnamed the Stammerer contrary to the will of the Nobles of Rome was made Emperour by Pope Iohn the eight he gouerned two yeares and dyed in the warres against Bernardus in the marches of Italy Carolus Crassus expelled the Sarazins oâ— of Italy afterwards through his misfortunâ— in warre and euill leagues with his enemies he came into hatred with his Subiects sicknes also bringing him low he was not of right mind and therefore
therwithall drawing forth his sword he ran Aper thorough who being his Father in law had trecherously slaine him Eutrop. M. Antonius an Orator fled froÌ„ the wrath of Marius into a Farme-house the Keeper vvhereof receiued him gently hyd hym sending his seruant to a Tauerne for wine oftner then he vvas wont the Vintner asked him why he came so often for wine he told him secretly that it was for Antonius vvho sent word to Marius was by a Captaine of his slaine who brought his head to Marius Decimus Brutus one of the conspirators against Caesar put to flight by Anthony in his escape was taken of theeues and asking vvho was Lord of that place they told him Camillus vvhose name he much esteeming desired to be brought to him vvho when he saw him made him faire presence but priuily sent to Anthony who coulde not abide to see him but willed Camillus to kil him Attilus the eldest sonne of Anthony vvaâ— betrayed by his Schoolemaister Theodorus vvho tooke a goodly iewell from his neckâ— vvhen he was killed the which being required and denied of him he was hanged Of Names The qualities of the minde whether they bee good or euill especially in great personages commend a perpetuall memory to theyr prosperitie eyther of theyr honourable fame or vile infamie therefore the auncients gaue certaine names to the true deseruers of both IT vvas a sure signe that Adam should be Lord of all creatures when at the first he could call them all by theyr names Amb. The Stoicks were great searchers for the originall of vvords and names The Troians for theyr nobilitie gentry were called Dardans for theyr fearefulnesse Phryges and for theyr valour Troians The first of the Fabij was sirnamed Pictor for his excellencie in the Art of paynting vvhen he had paynted the vvalls of the temple of Health he writ thereon his name leauing behind him a memory that he had been â— paynter Titus Manlius the vvorthiest of all the Senators killed one of the French-men which prouoked him to fight hand to hande and â—heÌ„ he had slaine him he pluckt off a chaine of golde which his enemie wore about hys necke and put it about his owne whereof both hee and his posteritie were called Torquatij Prophets are called Seers because they see the misteries of the Gospell Vrbanus Mar. Valerius going to fight with a French man a Crow lighted vpon his right arme sate there still afterwarde when they came to handy gripes the same Crowe smote the Frenchman vpon the eyes that hee coulde not see by meanes whereof he was slayne Valerius was afterward sirnamed Coruinus In the old Testament foure mens names were gyuen them before theyr byrth Ismaell Isaack Sampson Iosias in the new only Iohn and Christ. Romulus was called Quirinus of a Speare for that vveapon he vsed and the Knights of Rome were called Quirites that is speare men Aristippus was called Metrodidactos because he was taught of his mother Calliope was named Calliopea for her exâ—cellencie and Penelope Penelopea for thâ— sweetnes of her voyce Adam was buried in the same place vvheâ— Christ his Crosse vvas set vp and therefoâ—â— it was called Caluarie because the originaâ—â— and head of mankind was buried there Augustine Paris lay the first night with Helena in the Ile of Cranae and aftervvards called it by her name Helena Colossians are denominated froÌ„ the great Colossus in Rhodes a statue of brasse being once one of the worlds seauen wonders The Heathens called the Christians SarmeÌ„titios and Semiassios because they were tyed to halfe-penny stakes and burned to death with shrubbes Aborigines are home-bred people the Athenians were so called in token whereof they dyd weare Grashoppers in theyr hats Diodorus The riuer Tygris is so called for his svvift current Iustine Valentinianus the Emperour vvas called Funarius for that before he vvas chosen holding a roape or corde in his hand fiue strong â—ouldiers were not able to pull it from hym â—â—â—â—linus VVithin twenty yeeres Italy had 9. Emâ—erours which raigned by succession the â—ne was slaine of the other by occasion the â—ast was called Augustulus that is little noble or little full of maiestie the diminution of the name vvas an euident signe that the gouernaunce of the Augustus shoulde fayle â—n Italy Agathias The Romaines had certaine Senators called Pedarij Senatores who beeing slovve of counsell pronouncing theyr sentence did followe the footesteps of other Counsellers saying after theÌ„ therefore were so called Fenestella There were two Emperours in Rome vnlike in name much more in manners the one of them was named Nero the cruell the other Anthonie the meeke the which ouernames the Romaines gaue them the one of meeke because he could not but pardon the other of cruell because hee neuer ceased to kill The name of Knight or Gentleman the Romaines did neuer admit eyther consent to intitle those that coulde gather much riches but such as had beene famous for being at the victorie of many battailes Cicero Prince Charles for his great happy victory ouer the Southerne people vvas afteâ— sirnamed Martell the Maule because heâ— broke and battered the force of them lyke â— maule or hammer of yron Cato was not first a sirname but a name oâ— merrite for the auncient Romaines called him Cato that was wise by much experience Of this name vvere two famous Cato Censorius and Cato of Vtica Ionathan for his valour was named Iebonathan Sergius Orata Licinius Muraena tooke theyr sirnames of fishes for that one of them greatly loued the Gylthed the other the Lamprey Petrarch Nemrod the first tyrant was called Oppressor hominum an oppressor of men Cicero was called Pater patirae the louer of his Countrey The sea of Icarus was so called for that Icarus was there drowned The sea Aegeum of Aegeus king of Athence who drowned himselfe therein Mare TyrrhenuÌ„ of Tyrrhenus King of Lidia Hellespont by a vvoman named Helle. Tyberinus altered the riuer which was beâ—ore named Albura to the name of Tyber 〈◊〉 his death Hesperides the daughter of Atlas gaue the Hesperian sea his name Mare Myrtoun by Myrtilus whom Oenomaus cast therein That which we call Euxinus the Sea that beginneth at Bospherus was first called Axenos that is Inhospitalis because the inhabitants did kill and eate the passengers but after being made ciuill was called Euxinus The Romaines if theyr Emperour vvere couragious they woulde call him another Caesar if vertuous Octauian if fortunate Tiberius if rash Caligula if cruell Nero if mercifull Traiane or Anthonius Pius if beautifull Titus if idle Domitian if patient Vespasian if temperate Adrian if religious Aurelianus if sage and vertuous Aurelius Of Contemplation Contemplation hath three degrees the first is an election choosing of good before euill the second is as it were an habite or inioying thereof indeed the last consisteth altogether in the mind of man froÌ„ which the true example of all vertues doe flow In it
the consuming of such as fall therein This hath been so odious amongst the Heathen that the practizers therof haue beene seuerely punished EVe tooke vp sinne of the deuill as it were by lone vpon her bare word Adam by coÌ„senting vnaduisedly subscribed to the bond but the burden of it hath euer beene and shall be laid vpon the necks of his posterity In the time of king Phillip Augustus Lews the fift of king Iohn Charles the sixt the Iewes Italians which held banques exercised vsury throughout Fraunce were ryfled and banished In sundry places debtours vvere priuiledged among others in Dianaes temple Ephesus into the temple of sparing and we ordered expence vsurers might not enteâ— Pausanias Licurgus would suffer no vsurers to liue â—mong the Spartanes The old Indians and Germaines knew nâ— what vsury meaned Amasis King of Egipt made a law that thâ— Pretor should cal euery one to account hoâ— they lyued and if by vsury they should bâ— punished as malefactors Herod Cato draue all the vsurers out of Sicilia altogether vndone by them restored he to her former glory Val. Asellius was slaine for making a law againsâ— vsurers Appian There was a law amongst the antient Grecians and Romaines which forbad all vsury surmounting one penny for an hundred by the yeare and they called it Vnciarie vsury This law was since that brought to a halfe-penny a yeare among the Romaines not long after vsury was cleane taken away by the law Genutia because of vsuall seditions which arose through the contempt of lawes concerning vsury It was prouided in Rome that no Senator should be owner of any ship containing 300 Amphores because immoderate gaines was â—ot in the Noble men allowed In Thebes it was by straight order forbidden that any man should be put in office which in ten yeares before the election had practised any vnlawfull chaffering The Egiptians Athenians seeing the error of couetous vsury to take footing in their prouinces by approued iudgement concluded that by no instrument plea execution or other meanes in law a body might be detayned the original being for corrupt gaine The Romaines had a law that no money should be lent to young heires vpon vsury neyther allovving the detinew pleadable nor the vsury answerable hauing a priuate eye into those immeasurable gaines of those greedy Carles vvho compasse the Fathers Lands before the sonne come to it Fenestella By this vnlawfull getting many of the best and most auntient houses in all Italy were brought into vtter ruine and confusion Of Prodigality Prodigality one of the companions of Pleâ—â—sure is called of the Stoicks a dissolution or toâ— much loosing of reuerent vertue and a token oâ— him which desireth to be a tyrant such Lyons 〈◊〉 Aristophanes termeth them are not to be nourished in a common-wealth for if they should men must serue to satisfie their appetite being a greedy of expence as the couetous of money CLeopatra the last Queene of Aegipt inuited Anthony to a feast at which shee dissolued in vineger a Pearle priced at aâ— hundred Sestercies The sonne of Aesopus the Tragedian was so prodigall that at diuers suppers hee would dissolue rich pearles in vineger Horace Lucullus was so prodigall in sumptuous expences and desired in all his buildings to seeme so magnificall that he came into contempt among the Romaines was called a Romaine Xerxes Plut. There was a law among the Grecians that those which had prodigally wasted theyr patrimony should not be interred with theyr auncestors Alexand. Prodigall lauishing and palpable sensuality â—rought Pericles Callias the sonne of Hipâ—nicus and Nicius not onely to necessitie â—t to extreame pouerty and when al their money was spent they three drinking a poiâ—oned potion to one another died all three Apicius after he had by banquetting spent is whole patrimony because hee would not â—ade a miserable lyfe hanged himselfe Epicharmus an Athenian hauing a large â—atrimony left him by his parents consuâ—ed it in sixe dayes and all his life time after â—ued a begger Straton Sydonius could in no vvise abide â—hat any one should goe beyond him in proâ—igall expences vvhereupon arose a great â—ontention betwixt Nicocles Ciprius and â—im vvhilst the one did vvhat hee could to â—xcell the other Theopompus Poliarchus vvas so grounded in prodigaliâ—ie that he would bring forth the dead carâ—asses of dogs and Cocks if hee loued them â—hen they vvere liuing and gather all hys â—riends and acquaintance to the buriall of â—hem sparing no costs he raised vpon their â—raues great pyllars and caused Epitaphs to â—e carued thereon Aelianus Chrysogonus layd hands vpon the goods of Sextus Roscius that hee might riotouâ—â—ly spend that vvhich the other had wickeâ—â—ly gotten Cicero Caligula in one yeere of his raigne speâ—â— prodigally 67. millions of golde which Tâ—â—berius his predecessor had gathered togâ—â—ther Tacitus In Rome it vvas prouided by lawe that 〈◊〉 Senator should be indebted aboue a certain sum prescribed Fenestella Aemilius Lepidus hauing built an houâ—â— vvhich cost sixe thousand pound vvas foâ— that cause depriued from the Senate Diogenes hearing that the house of a ceâ—â—taine prodigall man vvas offered to sale said I knewe well that house was so full of meate anâ— wine that ere long it would vomit out his maâ—â—ster To erect Tombes to weare gold-rings 〈◊〉 vse spyce in meate to allay vvine vvith vvaâ—ter and to beare sweet smells the men of Aâ—sia sent as presents to the Romaines in reâ—uenge of the Citties and blood that they haâ— taken from them Cicero Caligula the Emperour suffered his ovvn brother to make him a feast full of all excesse vvherein there vvere two thousanâ— sundry sort of dishes seuen thousand 〈◊〉 â—f foules One of the Fabij by reason of his prodigall â—xpences was sirnamed Gurges Caligula was so prodigally minded that he â—ould often say it became a man to be eyâ—her thrifty or an Emperour Alexander vvas naturally giuen to spend much and Darius to heape together locke â—p and keepe Plut. Ptolomeus the first vvas so prodigall that â—hat soeuer his seruants had bought in the morning he would giue away before night â—nd beeing by his nobles aduised to be more â—oderate in his largesse hee aunswered You â—re deceiued to thinke that the poore and needie Prince is troubled Alexander the Romaine very sildom gaue gold or siluer to any man but to souldiours â—ffirming it to be vnlawfull for him that was â—teward of the Common-wealth to conuert â—hat vvhich the prouinces had contributed â—o the priuate sports and pastimes of hymâ—elfe and his fauorites Lampridius Of Pride Pride is a sinne of the soule which is not seene â—nd perceiued of any but of God onely and therfore Moses giueth no temporall punishmenâ— to proude men but reserued them to the iudgement of God ROmulus puffed vp with the glory heâ— had attained vnto became more seuere to his Senators and therefore hee was slaine of them at the flood of Caprea Liuius Agamemnon considering the destruction of
Capuans two Captaines fell at variance because they both loued one woman which when the Tarentines perceiued immediatly they gaue them the onset ouercame them If Scipio Affricanus had not scowred the Romaine Armies of leachery the inuincible Numantia had neuer beene ouercome Phalaris the tirant would neuer grant man any thing that he desired neyther euer denied any thing that a dissolute woman requested Plut. Caligula gaue but 6000. sextercies onely to repaire the walls of Rome 10000. sextercies for furring one of his Lēmons gowns Idem Dionysius the tyrant albeit of nature hee was most cruell yet by his Curtezan Mirta hee became so tractable that shee onely did confirme all his prouisions of the weale publique and hee did but ordaine and appoynt them Themistocles was so enamoured of a woman that he had taken in the warres of Epirus that she being sicke and let blood he also was let blood and washed his face with the blood that issued out of her arme VVhen Demetrius had taken Rhods there was brought to him a faire Gentlewoman which he made his friend in loue which she perceauing to be great shewed her selfe angry with him and refused his company but he abandoning his estate on his knees prayed her to pardon him Autenaricus a famous King of the Gothes after he had triumphed ouer Italy and made himselfe Lord of Europe was so far in loue with Pincia a Curtezan that whilst she combed his head he would make cleane her slippers Olaus I. Caesar diuersly was spotted with adultry as with Posthumia the wife of Seruius Sulpitius Lelia the wife of Gabinus with Tartalin the wife of Crassus with Musia Cnerius Pompeyes vvyfe and Seruilia the mother of Brutus Of Desperation The last of all the perturbations of the mind is Desperation and is of all other most pernicious this destroyer of all hope of better fortune entereth so farre into the hart of man that it maketh him offer violence to himselfe then the which nothing can bee more dangerous to the soule BRutus and Cassius after the death of Caesar desperatly killed themselues Anthony when hee heard that Cleopatra had slaine her selfe desperatly ranne vpon his sword Empedocles because hee could not learne the cause of Aetnaes burning threw himselfe into it Horace Aristotle for that he could not giue a reason of the flux and reflux of Eurypus drowned himselfe Themistocles vvas not ashamed of this damnable speach in his mouth If a man should shew me two seuerall wayes the one leading to heauen the other to hell of the twaine I had rather take the latter Aelianus Spira the Italian being exhorted to say the Lords prayer desperately aunswered That hee could not with his heart call God Father because the deuill was his Father nor haue any place but amongst the reprobate The Donatists rather then they would bee forced from theyr fancies slew themselues yet this did nothing fray the Church of God from compelling them by the rigour of Princes lawes without any respect of their wilfull desperation August Ptolomeus that killed Pompeius being ouercome by Caesar drowned himselfe in the Riuer Nilus Eutropius Phylostrates beeing destitute of all hys friends by the reason of a contagious wound hee had led a poore and miserable lyfe and lyke a begger wandered from place to place thereby to signifie that though hee were in such misery as no man more yet had he rather in that griefe so consume his dayes then desperatly to kill himselfe Fimbria killed himselfe in Asia in the temple of Aesculapius because hee would not be taken of Sylla Appian Timocrates an Athenian seeking to auoyde the feare of death by water as then ready to be sunke in a shippe killed himselfe Thucidides Sabina the wife of Adrian the Emperour beeing without all reason or modesty was cruelly intreated and with extreamity driuen to desperation murdered her selfe Eutropius Arbogastus beeing vanquished by Theodosius the Emperour fled out of the battaile and not finding place of refuge or security with his owne sword killed himselfe Ambrose Artaxerxes caused his eldest sonne Darius to be slaine for certaine treacherous demeanours the second brother next to him forthwith in his fathers presence drew out his persian Acynax and desperatly murthered himselfe Aelian Mithridates naked of all comfort desperate in his vnhappy fortunes when hee could not dispatch himselfe by poyson for that hee had alwayes vsed Antidotes from whence at this day we cal our Mithridate desired Bitalus a French-man and one of his Captains to kill him which he obayed Appian The Assapeians besieged of the Romaines seeing no way to escape their tiranny bondage brought all their goods and riches into the market-place piled vpon them great heapes of wood and sware 50. of the chiefest of their Citty that they with thēselues wiues and children should goe vp to it and if they were furder distressed to set it on fire Idem Of the Deuill The deuill hath diuers names he is called Diabolus Daemō of Plato Cacodaemō Sathan Lucifer Leuiathan Mammon Asmodeus Beelzebub Baal Berith Belphegor Astaroth THE deuill suffered Herod in words to pretend the worshipping of Christ when he intended in his hart to kill him He made Pilate to confesse Christes innocency yet against his owne conscience to giue sentence of death against him Hee caused Iudas to kisse Christ as though he loued him then to betray him The deuill caused Pilates wife to dreame that she was troubled because of Christ and prayed him not to medle with him for that the deuill knew by his death the restauration of mankind It is written in the discourse of the liues of the fathers of Aegipt that one of them saw in a vision the assembly of deuills and hearing one report the diuersity of illusions wherewith they had beguiled the world hee sawe their Prince make great gratulation and recompence to one of those ill spirits that had deceaued a vertuous man of the Church thē to all the rest stirring thousands to transgressions and sinnes In Italy an vnlearned vvoman possessed with the deuill being asked which was the best verse Virgil made aunswered Discite Iustitiam monite et non temnere diuos Louicerus A mayde borne in Saxony before she was twelue yeares of age and one that neue◠knew what learning meant possessed as the other prophecied in Greeke and Latine the warres that were to come in Saxonie Idem The King of the Sodomites in the person of the deuill sayde to Abraham Giue mee the soules take thou the rest The deuil disputed with Michael about the body of Moses A Musition shewed his cunning before Antigonus whō he oftentimes found fault with bidding him set vp his treble string higher then his meane the Musition said The deuill is in it ô King by the Gods I sweare if thou art more expert then I. Aelian The head and leader of euill spirits is Lucifer which hath that name for hee was made more cleare and bright
banishment then by talk openly to beseech fauour or forgiuenesse at the hands of the Athenians Nero after hee had killed his mother confessed that vvhilst he slept he vvas troubled by her and tormented vvith the sight of Furies Cor. Tacitus A souldiour that fled whom Epaminondas that famous Thebane General pursued in returning backe slew him Niceas the generall Captaine of the Athenians through the feare which he had conceiued of the darknesse of an ecclips of the Moone and not knovving the cause thereof stayed so long determining vvith hymselfe that his enemies enclosed him round about vvhere-vpon he vvas taken aliue and put to death besides forty thousand Athenians that vvere taken and slaine In the Citty of Sparta vvhich for Armes and Artes flourished most among the Grecians there vvas a Temple consecrated to feare vvhich they sayd better preserued the estate of the Common-vvealth then any other thing Claudius the Emperor vvas so faintharted base minded and blockish that his mother said often of him That nature had begun but not finished him Agamemnon dispensed with a rich coward for going to vvarre personally for a Marâ— vvhich he gaue him Homer M. Aurelius vvas so farre from fearing hys subiects that he had neither gard nor porter in his Court. Of Ingratitude Vnder this monster haue all vices vvith a curse beene comprehended omnia dixeris si ingratum dixeris most rightly figured in swine who eate the Acorns but neuer looke vp to the tree SOcrates beeing pronounced by the Oracle of Apollo to bee the vvisest man in all Greece vvas poysoned for his religious care hee had in bringing vp the youth of Athence The Syracusans banished Dion by vvhosâ— vvisedome and valour they recouered theyâ— liberty and being afterward repealed they killed him Anthony in the time of Vespasian after alâ— his seruice against the Vitellians and after hâ— had recouered Rome vvas suspected by Mutianus brought to Rome without authoritie and visiting Vespasian in Asia hee was so coldly entertained that hee dyed shortlie after Philip the French-king put one of hys souldiours out of pay because hee was vnthankfull and caused him to bee marked in the fore-head with the vvord vnthankfull The ingratitude of the Romaines tovvard Scipio vvas by reason of the conceiued suspect of his fortunes the suddainenes of hys expedition and the greatnes of his enemies Plutarch Plato that princely Phylosopher called Aristotle a Mule because a Mule vvhen hee hath suckt his fill and hath enough of hys Dammes milke casteth vp his heeles and kicks vnkindly by this hee signified the ingratitude and vnthankfull nature of Aristotle for hee hauing receiued his Phylosophy from Plato disdained his Maister and in despight gathered an assembly and planted a Schoole Laertius The Athenians greatly commended thankfulnesse yet no Nation was more vnthankfull then themselues Caesar vvhen hee had ouercome Pompey at Pharsalia gaue great charge to his Captaines that in any wise they should saue Brutus but hee afterwarde like an vngratefull person vvas the chiefest of the conspirators Appian Laena vvho by Ciceros helpe had been saued from death pulled his heade out of the Litter and cutte it off hauing three stroaks making three vvoundes for vvant of cunning He cut off his hand also with which he wrote against Anthonie Idem The noble King Seleucus vvas kylled by Ptolomey Ceraunus whom hee had saued from the fury of his Father which vvoulde haue murdered him Craesus beeing releeued before hee came to his kingdome by one Pamphaes aftervvard in token that he had not forgotten this good turne he sent him a chariot full of siluer Darius when he was not superiour to a priuate man receiuing a rich robe of Solon for a giâ—t after that hee was confirmed in the throne royall he recompenced his curtesie committing vnto him the gouernment anâ— iurisdiction of the country of Samos Pyrrhus was exceedingly grieued for thâ— death of a friend who dyed before hee haâ— requited his many fauours The Romaines gaue him intelligence of a treason intended against him who to shevve himselfe thankfull sent backe vnto them a number of prisoners and vvould receiue no raunsome An Arabian Turke Admirall of the Infidels in their warre against Baldvvin King of Ierusalem vvas with his vvife and children taken prisoners whom the king set free in lue whereof he went by night and tolde him of the purpose of his companions and led him out of the towne from danger Cato the elder solde his old seruaunts that had serued him a long time in the market as wee vse to sell beastes a foule blot in so famous a man Solon for all the good desarts of his country was banished from thence and constrained to end his life at Cyprus Valerius Of Treason The enemy to loyaltie is Treason a thing of â—ll others most odious to God and among men â—east prosperous as by the euents appeare TArpeia for loue of gold dyd betray the Capitoll of Rome vnto Tatius King of the Sabines but vvith the golde receiued her deaths vvound Liuius Antigonus made much of those Traytors that went about to pleasure him but hauing once obtained his purpose he rewarded the vvith death A Schoole-maister among the Phalerians hauing the bringing vp of all the noble youth in the Citty betrayed them to Camillus hoping thereby to get reward fauour of the Romaines but Camillus disdaining his treason caused him to be stript and his handes bound behind him and gaue his schollers rodds and vvhyps to beate him home to the Citty Plutarch Fabritius sent Pyrrhus vvord of his trayterous Phisitian Plut. Lyciscus rotted aboue the ground for hys treasons against the Orchomenians The Embassadors that come to the Emperour of Tartary before they deliuer theyâ— message must of force passe betvveen tvvo fiers onely for this cause that if they bring any poyson by the force of the flames it may kill themselues The Athenians woulde suffer none to bee buried that were traytors to theyr country Bessus for his trayterous murdering of Darius vvas adiudged by Alexander to bee torne in sunder with two trees bowed downe together by maine strength one against the other vnto which his body vvas fastened Curtius Lasthenes hauing holpen King Philip to become maister of Olynthus whereof hee was an inhabitant complained to the King that certaine called him traytor but hee receiued this onely aunswere that the Macedonians were naturally rude grosse calling a Spade a Spade and all thinges else by theyr proper name Darius caused the heade of his sonne Ariobarzanes to be cut off because hee sought to betray his Armie to Alexander Augustus with his own hands put out the eyes of one that vvas accused vnto him of treason Mahomet hauing taken Constantinople through the treason of Iohn Iustinian of Genua after he had made him king according to promise within 3. daies after cut off hys head Dioclesian the Emperour tooke an oath in the open assembly of the souldiours that Numerianus vvas not slaine by any his treason and