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A01004 God and the king. Or a dialogue wherein is treated of allegiance due to our most gracious Lord, King Iames, within his dominions Which (by remouing all controuersies, and causes of dissentions and suspitions) bindeth subiects, by an inuiolable band of loue and duty, to their soueraigne. Translated out of Latin into English.; Deus et rex. English Floyd, John, 1572-1649.; More, Thomas, 1565-1625, attributed name. 1620 (1620) STC 11110.7; ESTC S107002 53,200 142

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this his will gaue com●maundment to his people and effectu●ally stirred vp t●●ir hartes to mak● them Kings These are remote title● and a farre of but it can neuer be proued that in making Saul and Daui● Kings the peoples graunt did no● concur with Gods yea the Scriptur● signifies that it did saying all the peopl● went to Galgala and made Saul King before th● Lord. The elders of Iudath and Israel annointe● Dauid King ouer them Philanax Some say the people made Saul an● Dauid Kings not by giuing them Kingly power this was from God only but by manifestin● that they were Kings by approuing them 〈◊〉 Kings made by God by putting them into th● possession of their Kingdomes to exercise rega● authority Aristobulus I know that Theodidact answereth 〈◊〉 this sorte but proof of his sayings 〈◊〉 bringeth none Doth he thinke the ●●llar of Soueraignity stands firme in●●gh vpon his bare word What if one ●●y that the people did likewise con●●r with God to make them Kings ●●n Theodidact thinke you cleerly con●●te him Verily this concourse of God ●●d people to make a King is insinua●●d in Deuteronomy Thou shalt make him ●ing whom thy Lord God hath chosen for thee ●●gnifying that God designed the per●●n but the people made him King 〈◊〉 bestowing authority on him And ●●ing God vseth not to do things on●● by himselfe when secondary agents 〈◊〉 present sufficient to worke them ●●y may we not thinke that God ha●●ng designed the persons of Saul and ●●uid left the making them Kings to ●●e people of the Iewes who had no ●●●se power then other free Common●●althes to constitute for themselues ●●uernours and Kings Heere you may see in what danger to fall regall supremacy is which Th●●odidact buildeth vpon this discour●● Saul and Dauid had power only an● immediatly from God therfore th● same is to be beleeued of other Kings● The antecedent is vncertaine and ca● neuer be proued as hath beene sayd● but much more seely is the cōsequen●● which extendeth Gods speciall f●●uours shewed to his people in th● choice of their Kings to the generali●● of Kings and Nations God fed h●● people in the des●rt with bread ma●● by the hands of Angells may we thē●● inferre that men haue no bread b●● cōmeth immediatly from heauen But to omit these Kings that wer● by Gods expresse comission personall● designed that other Kings haue pow●● ōly frō God is a paradox which scar● any Christian Deuine houldes C●●tholicks Puritans forraine Prot●●stants euen our English Conform●●tants deriue regall authority from th● Commonwealth Let the truth b● tryed by the testimony of two Can ●ame any grauer Authors in o●● Church then Doctor Bilson late Bisho● ●f VVinchester M. Hooker The first in ●is Trea●ise of Christian Subiection ●ebateth this question and defineth ●hat Kings are not only creatures of ●he Commonwealth but also in some ●ases may be deposed by the supreame ●urisdiction thereof And that Chilperick was iustly deposed by his Nobles and ●ipin chosen King in his place M. Hooker ●ath these wordes all publick regiment 〈◊〉 what kinde soeuer seemeth euidently to haue ●●sen from deliberate aduise and consultation ●nd composition betwene men ordeyning the ●●me and yeilding themselues subiect therevnto ●ithout which consent there were no reason ●a● one man should take vpon him to be Lord or ●udge ouer others And againe To Fathers ●●aith he within their priuate ●amilies na●●re hath giuen supreme power howbeit ouer ● whole grande multitude hauing no such de●●ndency vpon any one and consisting of many ●●milies impossible it is that any one shold haue ●●mplete and full power without consent of ●●n He graunteth indeed that some ●ings and law-make●s as Moyses Saul ●●uid were aut●orized by God and by ●●●resse commission immediatly and personally ●●aued ●rō him ou● of this case saith he the power of gouernment and making lawes 〈◊〉 commaund whole politik societies of men be●longeth so properly vnto the same entire socie●ties that for any Prince or Potentate vpon ear●● of what kind● soeuer to exercise the same 〈◊〉 himselfe not by authority deriued at the fir●● from their consent vpon whose persons they im●pose lawes it is no better then meere tyranny● Thus he writeth and thus our own Authors ouerthr●w Theodidacts new piller of Soueraigntie proclaymin● those Princes playne tyrāts that claym● power deriued from God and natur● and not originally from the grau●● and cōsent of their subiects For whic● their opinions reasons may be brough● very vrgent The practise of all Cou●●tryes that haue trāsferred the Crown● from family to family haue restrayne● and enlarged the boundes thereof b● politick lawes What reason if we r●●spect only the law of God and natur● why Spaine shold be gouerned by a M●●narch rather then Venice That i● England women may succeede to th● Crowne frō which they are exclude● in France That in Scotland the Crown● descendeth to the neerest in bl●ud a●● 〈◊〉 Poland the Kinge is made by the free ●●oice of States What is the reason ●●at by the law of nations the whole Commonwealth may be punished ●rought into bondage for the sinnes ●f their Prince Why shold the Princes ●●ymes be imputed to them if it were 〈◊〉 their choice neither at the first to ●aue him nor afterward to want him ●ithout question ●he generall voice ●f h●mane kind is that Common●ealthes haue power to make Princes ●nd vpon iust reason vnmake them ●nd therfore they are accountable to ●●her neighbouring States if they ad●it one to the Crowne with their in●●ry or finding him incorrigible do ●ot remoue him Whence ariseth that ●●onge inclination in subiects to fight ●●r their Prince to wit from loue to ●●stify their owne doings the States ●●blick iudgment of their Princes ●orthines Philanax It cannot be well denyed but the ●●nsent of the Commonwealth either ●●e or enforced by Conquest concur●eth to the making of the Prince but Theodidact sayth that is not the originall and mediate fountaine o● this authority● Heate moisture colde and our temper arising from them are preparations whereby our bodies are made fit receptacles for the soule but the Creator o● our soule is God so Princes haue their claymes and ti●les by election or conquest but the prime Author of their power is God as they receaue their power only from God s● for the good or euill administration thereof they are accountable only to God Aristobulus This discourse of Theodidact groundeth Royall authority vpon another vncertainty which Deuines debate i● their schooles whether royall powe● be produced by the Commonwealt● whē Kinges are made or being create● by God together with mankind fro● the b●ginning is communicated b● the Commonwealth to their King● Some say that the Commonweal●h making Kinges produceth a new kin● of power which before was not whence they inferre that the Commō●wealth hath a more eminent authorit● ●hen the Kinge as being able to giue ●eing to his power others whom
together with the vse of Scriptures their authority to iudge definitions of the Church by Scriptures The deuisers of this way seemed to haue great zeale of the truth but were not carefull to prouide for peace And so in practise this deuise begot a multitude of Sects and Religions one against another that many weary of all began to thinke it were better men should be vnited in error then thus mortally diuided in Truth A meane was deuised to decide Controuersies by nationall Synods that are confessed may erre but the Ciuil magistrate as our chief Deuines teach as being President in them is to compell his subiects by the sword to imbrace those doctrines that be determined be they true or fals For this course say they was appointed by God who thought it better in the eye of his vnderstanding that sometimes an erroneous definitiue sentence should preuaile then that strifes should haue respite to grow and not come speedily to some end Heere desire of peace concord may seeme to haue made these men lesse zealous of the Truth then behooued them So it opened a gappe specially in England to prophanes irreligiosity which is to be iust of the Kings Religion whatsoeuer it be or rather of none A salue for this sore hath been inuēted that subiects ought to obey their Princes Lawes and definitions when they haue only probabilities against them not when they haue necessary and demonstratiue reasons which discharge the conscience and giue liberty to resist This caueat and salue for Truth sets the wound of dissention againe a bleeding Sects in the world are now allmost infinite for number amongest which not one is found that pretendeth not cleere and euident demonstration and proofe from holy Scripture for their contrary and repugnant opinions And who shall iudg in this contradiction and confusion whose reasons are necessary and demonstratiue The arguments which we think demonstrati●e moue Papists nothing at all and arguments which we iudg of no force Puritans as Archbishop Bancroft writeth of them take to be so vrgent that if euery hayre of their head were a seuerall life they wold giue them all in the cause This controuersy therfore whose reasons are demonstratiue and whose are not is the greatest of all others nor is there any way to decide it in our churches besides the sword of the temporall Prince Princes therfore for conseruation of peace must keep the spirit in awe practising power infallible in deedes which they dare not challenge in wordes This is the cause of the secret emnity betweene power of Kings and feruour of our Ghospell The Prince can neuer be assured of our Gospellers by the Principles of their Religion that their zeale to the Truth will not trouble the peace of his Kingdome nor Ghospellers of the Prince that his loue of temporall peace will not compell them to trust to his deceaueable definitions Whence it is manifest that so longe as the one shal be zealons and feruent to follow and preach what by light of the spirit they conceaue to be in Sc●ipture occasions cannot be wanting to the other that will force him to vse his power to curbe their liberty Which power so long as he shal vsurpe so long as he will be Prince and Protestant he must needes vsurpe let him neuer expect that Ghospellers can loue his gouernment though they may flatter in outward shew Those men had no doubt the pure spirit of our Ghospell who professed that except they might haue the re●ormation they desired they would neuer be subiect to mortall man Looke vpon the first erecting of our Religion in Germany France Flanders Swe●eland Denmarke and Scotland you shall find that the Ghospell went not so fast vp but Kings and their authority went as fast downe What Bullenger writeth of Anabaptist● was the true course of our Reformers They began with Bishops pulling them from their seates they ended with Kings casting them frō their Thrones Books haue been written of this argument by no Papists that shew their practises and doctrines to be in the highest degree iniurious to Kings Luthers inuectiues I omitt not to pollute your eares Caluin is more modest yet so bould with Kinges as to write that when they resist the Ghospell they are not to be obeyed but rather we ought to s●it it in their faces This is nothing to that which Hottomā Beza Goodman Knox Vrsinus Buchanan to forbeare the naming of others innumerable haue writtē wherby they make Maiesty subiect to the peoples pleasure no more sure of his state then wethercocks that must turn● with the wind Vt sumat vt ponat secures Arbitrio popularis aurae What thinke you of these their propositions following Yf Princes be tyrants against God and his Truth their subiects are freed from their oath o● Allegiance The people are greate● then the King of greater authority The people haue the same power o●uer the King that the King hath oue● any one person The people haue right to bestow the Crown at their pleasure As the patient may choose the phisitiā he like●● best reiect him at his pleasure so the people in whose free choice at the beginning it was to be vnder kings or no may when they be weary of their bad gouernment cast him from his Office into prison into irons put him to death and set whome they please to gouerne in his place Kings haue their authority from the people and the people may take it away againe as men may reuoke their letters of Attorney Yf kings without feare transgresse Gods Lawes they ought no more to be taken as magistrats but be examined accused condemned and punished as priuate transgressors When magistrats do not their duties God giueth the sword into the people● hand from ●e which no person King Queene 〈◊〉 Emperor is exempt being Idolater 〈◊〉 must dye the death These and the ●●ke positions haue been inuented by ●●e zealous professors of our Religion ●he same or worse were renewed and ●ttered by the feruerous reformers that ●roue for discipline in Queene Eliz. ●ayes that as a worthy prelat writes All the Popi●● traitors that hither●o haue written and all the Gene●ian Scottish Reformers come not neere ●hem for malicious and spiteful taunts ●or rayling and bitter tearmes for dis●aineful and contemptuous speaches ●gainst Prince Bishops Counsailors ●ll other that stand in their way Their ●ecret practises to set vp by som meane ●r other sweete or violent the said ●isciplin haue neuer been interrupted ●r remitted as he doth particular●y relate beginning at the yeere 1560. ●o the yeere 1591. when was practised ●hat most blasphemous and barbarous ●reason of their counterfait Iesus-Christ Hacket and his two Prophets ●f mercy and vengeance who would ●aue planted the discipline by depriuing the Queene and murthering th● nobles that stood against it of
in the hands of the Consul● swore allegiance fealty to the com●monwealth and when he made th● Pretor to gouerne in his name according to the ceremony deliuering the naked sword sayd to him Vse this sword for me if I gouerne iustly i● otherwise vse it against me By wh●ch resignation both of state and life into the Common-wealthes hands he more secured them both then any enforced Oath that he held the Crowne from God only could haue done Philanax You haue shewed the first proposition of Theodidact to be neyther a solid ground of soueraignty nor a doctrin apt to nourish in subiects minds affection to their Kings I desire you wold passe to the examination of the second that Kings haue no Superior that may call him to account or pun●sh him but God alone Aristobulus Heere Theodidact goeth forward in building the soueraignty of Kings ●ither vpon manifest falshood or tot●ering vncertaineties That the King ●ath no superior but God alone that ●ay punish him all learned men ge●erally Papists Puritans Pro●estants ●eny Philanax I do much wonder that you say Protestants ●each th●t the Kinge may ●e sentenced and punished by any man ●pon earth I thinke you meane Puri●ans not our Protestants that pro●esse to follow the Religion established ●y Parlament Aristobulus I meane Protestants that are ene●ies of Puritans and conformable to ●he state and to increase your wondring I add that howsoeuer the word Supreme Gouernour and Head of the Church go currant in England yet in ●ense our Deuines giue our Kinge no greater authority in causes Ecclesiasticall then Papists do I desire not to be ●eleeued vnlesse I make what I haue ●ayd euident by the testimonies of them that haue lately written abo●● this argument First concerning the ver● title they say the King hath no any spirituall Ecclesiasticall power a● a●l his power sayth doctor Morton no● Bishop of Chester is but corporall and ca● go no ●urther then the body He hath sayt● M. Burhill no iurisdiction in the Church ey●ther ●or the inward o● outward Court his powe● is meere temporall and laicall nor in it sel● spirituall though the matter and obiect there●● be spirituall such power and no greater sayt● M. Richard Tomson then Iewes Infidel● and Turkes haue ouer the Christian Churc● within their dominions Secondly concerning Controuersies of fayth the Deane of Lichfiel● doctor Tooker disclaymeth as an im●pudent slaunder that the Church o● England holdes the King to be their prima● or head or iudge of Controuersies about fait● and Religion To the Apostles Christ gaue powe● to gather Councells and to define solemnly th● Churches doubts The sentence of Councell sayth M. Richard Harris hath without th● King the force of an ecclesiasticall law the King addes thereunto corporall penalty M. Morton ●●yth that Imperiall and Kingly authority in ●●irituall causes reacheth no further then as it ●●longeth to outward preseruation not to the ●ersonall administration of them neyther doth ●●e King challenge nor subiects condescend vnto ●ore But most cleerly M. Barlow late ●ishop of Lincoln● The King sayth he in ●ontrouersies about fayth hath not iu●icium definitium sentence d●finitiue to ●●scerne what is sound in ●●●inity but when the ●hurch hath determined matters of fayth he ●ath iudicium executiuum sentence exe●utiue to commaund the professing therof ●ithin his Kingdomes And is not this the very doctrine ●f Papists and that doctrine which ●●rmerly our Arch-bishop Bancro●t re●ected with great scorne as disgrace●ull to Kings making them but Car●●fices Ecclesiae the executioners of the Churches will and pleasure Thirdly concerning the offices of ●his power they teach the King hath no ●ower to vse any censure or to cast any out of ●he Church by sentence but his office is to punish ●hem with corporall chastisement on whom Bishops haue laid their censures The King doth ●ot make or vnmake Bishops they are made by the Bishops of the Kingdone as by them they a●● desposed and vnmade The King hath right t● name and present persons to benefices as other lay men of lower conditiō haue but benefices ei●ther with cure or without cure great or little he neither doth nor euer did bestow much lesse the ecclesiasticall dignities as the Bishopricks Arch-Bishopricks of his Kingdome Fourthly concerning the Kings sudordination to Bishops Doctor Barlow highly commendeth the saying of Ambrose Bishops in matters concerning faith are to iudge of Emperors not Emperors of Bishops The Deane of Lich●eild saith that the King is and with Valentinian Emperor doth acknowledge himselfe the sonne and p●pill of the Church and the scholler of the Bishops What more do papists require Can he then iudg teach his Fathers Iudges and Maisters in those thinges wherein he is their sonne pupill and scholler Finally M. Burhill saith that the King sup●eme gouernour of the Church may by his Bishops be cast out of the Church VVhat Ambrose did lawfully to Theodosius our Bishops may do lawfully to the King ●or the like offence And what did Ambrose to Theodosius He cast him by sentence out of the Church he stood ready to keepe him out by force and called him Ty●ant ●o his face he forced him to e●act a temporall law concerning the ●xecution of the sentence in matter of ●ife and death he commanded him out of the quire or the place of Priests sent him into the body of the Church to pray with laymen And may the Bishop of Canterb●●y lay the same punishments on his M●iesty yea saith the Bishop of Ely perchaunce the Pope may excōmunicate the Kinge depriue him of the common goods of the Church Doe you see to how many censures Protestants make the King subiect Truly I see not how any Religiō doth or can make Kings more absolute and subiect to fewer Superiors then Papists doe The Puritan will haue them subiect to the Pastor of euery parishe that hath a Consistory as our Bishop Bancro●t sayth They banish one Pope and admit a thousand The Protestant makes them obnoxius to the censure of Bishops without any restraynt wheras the Romanists out of respect to the Maiesty of Kings reserue the power of censuring them ●o the supreame Pastor But to returne to Theodidact you se● he keepeth his custome to ground al●legiance due to Kings vpon do●ctrines eyther questionable or 〈◊〉 denyed of all sides his second propo●sition that the Kinge is free from al● punishment that mā may inflict bein● rather more vncertaine then hi● first that Kings h●●e their power only fro● God Philanax It seemeth by your discourse tha● Theodidact makes Kinges more absolu●●● then other Protestants doe teacheth against them that the King may no● be excommunicated or cast out of th● Church For he sayth that the Kinge i● free from all punishment that man can inflict excommunication without doubt is a great punishment Ministers with●out question are men Aristobulus It is hard to say what Theodida●●
whome they were bound vnder payne of g●uions sinne to expel as you heard this forsaid Father affirme Philanax I see the old Testament specially according to S. Chrysostomes exposition doth not very plausibly proue regall independency of Priest-hood hath not Theodidact better arguments out of the new Aristobulus He alleageth diuers testimonies that euery soule is to be subiect to the higher powers and of Fathers auerring that there is no state nor man in the world equall to the Emperour Which particulerly to relate were to wast paper seeing these testimonies proue no more then what P●pists commonly graunt That K●ngs are Soueraigne and supreme in temporall affaires within their Dominions That all men whatsoeuer Prophets● Euangelists Apostles Priests Monks that liue within their states are subiect to their Gouernment and to the lawes which they make for the good o● the Common wealth They proue that primitiue Ch●●stiās both laymen Priests were bound to pay tribute to the Emperour were in criminall causes answerable before the tēporall Magistrate For the dignity of Priestly state and the speciall ordinance of Christ exempting them was not then sufficiently promulgated nor accepted of by Princes as afterward it was in gratitude for the benefit of their conuersion to Christianity by the preaching and labours of Priesthood The places then of Scriptures and Fathers shew that Priests euen Apostles were subiect to the Emperour in causes temporall but can any man with reason thinke that their testimonies import that vnbelee●ing Emp●rours were in all spirituall occurrēces the soueraign● Gouernours of the Christian Church That the supreme Pastorship to decide doubtes of faith gather Councels or excommunicate disobedient Christiās was committed to them I thinke Protestants will hardely graunt this Whence Papists inferre that had Kings byn ordeyned by Christ supreme Gouernours next himself in the Ec●●esiastical hierarchy he would haue prouided Christian Kings to furnish that place in the first erecting of his Church Which seeing he did not they fu●ther deduce that Kings cannot challenge by Christs institution any place of gouernment in Church-affayres that the keyes of his Church signifying supreme authority were by him deliuered not to Kings but to Peter by which gift he made him high steward of his house Whosoeuer will be of Christs family must yield themselues their swordes their Crownes● subiect to Peters keyes Their soules you will say but not their bodies not their swords not their Crownes But agaynst this they vrge that accessorium sequitur principale What is accessory and consequent still followes and waits vpon the principall The King submitting his person to the Church must needs likewise submit togeather with his person his Crowne and sword that not only as men sed in quantum Reges seruiant Christo euē as Kings they be seruants to Christ. In acknowledgm●●t of which superiority Constantine as S. Augustin writeth eminentissimum culmen Romani Imperij diadema suum piscatori Petro subiecit being the most eminēt Soueraigne of the Romain Empire submitted not only his soule but his scepter and diademe to the fisherman Peter to the end that Peters keyes might direct temporall power towardes the consecution of eternall life and to restra●ne the same if at any time the owner therof should vse it to the ouerthrow of Christianity They bring an history to this purpose out of Suidas ● concerning Constantius the Arian who seemeth the first that challenged this Supremacy in Church affayres As he was sa●th Suidas ●nce sitting in Councell in the midst o● many Prelates Iudge of their Controuersies Leontius the most holy Bishop of Tripolis reproued him openly that being a secular lay man he wold meddle with Church-affaires which saying made that prophane Emperour to conceaue the vndecency of the practise that out of band for very shame be desisted If to the fauorits of Kinges ancient Fathers seeme ouer playne and bitter who call them that will gouerne in the Church Antichrists so in my opinion wee ought to take heed that our Church disgrace not herselfe by being base and seruile in this poynt laying her Keyes vnder the feete of Kings which i● another extreme What may we think of Theodidact who writes that the Kinge saileth to heauen in his owne ship guided by his owne subiects ouer whome he is Iudge and may punishe them with death if he find them in his opinion to deliuer their owne errors in steed of diuine truth S. Paul were he aliue would preach that the Church the ship to conuay passengers to heauen is not the Kings but Christs which he bought with his pretious bloud and the gouernment therof he committed not to Kings● but to Bishops The two Orthodoxe Saints and Bishops Hosius and Ambrose did they now liue would say Pallaces belonge to Emperors Churches to Priests The great Gregorie of Nazianzum were he now liuing his doctrine would be that Kings are subiect to the tribunall of Bishops that Priests are the more eminent Gouernours n●t Kings subiects in Church affayres but as another Gregorye sayth their Fathers Maisters and Iudges yea that it is miserable madnes ●or Kings to goe about with their wicked lawes to make them be at their command to whom they know that Christ together with the Keyes gaue power to bind in heauen and in earth These and the like authorities of Fathers Papists heap together which I haue brought not that I desire that any thing be detracted from royall authority but to the end that you may see that it is not wisdome to ground Royall Soueraignty vpon this Kingly Church-primacy which Pro●estants allow Puritans detest Papists with the saying of Fathers shake and batter Philanax Herein I agree with you yet that the Roman Bishop hath not this supremacy to depose Kings I am moued to beleeue by that which Theodidact writeth that none of them exercised it before the time of Gregory the VII otherwise tearmed Hildebrand who excommunicated and deposed Henry the Fo●●th Emperour about the yeare 1073● more then a thousand yeares from Christs ascension as Otho Frisingensis liui●g neere those times saith I read and read againe the gestes of the Romane Kings and Emperors and no where I find any of them till this man Henry the Fourth excommunicated or deposed by the Bishop of Rome Aristobulus I do not desire to proue that authority of the Pope my drift is to shew that Kings Church-primacy is not aduisely brought and placed as the pillar of their ragall Soueraignty For to that which moueth you so much behold the Papists how easily and how many things they answere First deposition being an extraordinary remedy against the persecution of hereticall Princes not to be vsed but in cases of ext●emity what wonder that practises therof vpon Romane Emperours haue not been many Moreouer for the first 300. yeares after Christ there was no Christian Emperour on whom that power might be vsed In the other two hundred the