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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A57997	The history of the Turkish Empire, from the year 1623, to the year 1677 Containing the reigns of the three last emperors, viz. Sultan Morat, or Amurat IV. Sultan Ibrahim, and Sultan Mahomet IV, his son, the thirteenth emperor, now reigning. By Sir Paul Rycaut, late consul of Smyrna.	Rycaut, Paul, Sir, 1628-1700.; Knolles, Richard, 1550?-1610. Generall historie of the Turkes. aut; Manley, Roger, Sir, 1626?-1688. History of the Turkish Empire continued. aut; Rycaut, Paul, Sir, 1628-1700. Memoirs. aut; White, Robert, 1645-1703,	1687 (1687)	Wing R2407; ESTC R8667	720,857	331

These Ceremonies being performed and the Paper read we immediately departed passing to our Horses by the same way which we came And being mounted we drew up a little out of the passage to see the Soldiers march by us which indeed appeared to be a very flourishing Militia of young Men robust and well clothed many of them running with Bags of Money on their Shoulders and all of them chearful and glad of the charge they carried with them after them followed their Commanders exceedingly well mounted And last of all came the Great Vizier attended with many Pashaes and a goodly Equipage And then his Excellency with Sir Thomas Bendysh and attendance proceeded forwards and returned to their home After this Two visits were made Namely to the Captain-Pasha or Admiral of the Seas and the other to the Mustee at the first Six Vests were presented and at the latter Five and both were performed and accepted with such mutual kindness that never did the Turkish Ministers cast more serene countenances on the Trade and Concernments of England than on this conjuncture And thus the Earl of Winchelsea being very successfully and with fignal Demonstrations of Honour and a good correspondence seated in the usual residence of Ambassadors the Grand Signior as a particular Note and mark of his favour presented him with Three English Slaves and returned a kind and friendly answer to his Majesties Letters by Sir Thomas Bendysh who embarked on the Plimouth Frigat and departed the Eleventh of March. And thus having given the Reader a Relation of the State of the English concernments in Turky Let us view and consider the Condition of the Turkish Affairs amongst themselves At the arrival of this Ambassador the important affairs of this vast and still growing Empire were governed by the Great Vizier Kuperlee a Person decrepit and infirm in body by reason of his great Age but of a solid and subtle judgment by Nature cruel and by Years froward which disposition was singularly well fitted to do service to his Master against the impetuous storms of the Faction of those times in which the Pashaws and Chiefs of the Soldiery as often it happens in Empires whose Body is grown too vast to be ruled by a weak Head became rich and powerful and by the long Vacations of Peace insolent and wanton for as then the Wars with Venice were carried on faintly only by sending forth an Armata of Gallies in the Spring and the preparations became rather accustomary returning with the Year and made for exercise of the Arsenal and amusement of the People than designed with any probable expectation of success or Victory proportionable to that Treasure and Trouble which maintained them So that to encounter so many difficulties and predominancy of Ambition and Avarice the Prince himself being young the Fortune of his Empire had more than urgent necessity of such a rough and cruel disposition as was found in Kuperlee who so seasonably made use of it to the destruction of all such who might either endanger his Prince or himself that in two or three Years time he became Master of the Lives and Estates of the Grand Mutiniers confiscating their richess and fortunes to the use and security of his Master having in his time put to Death thirty six thousand persons whom he proscribed in several Countries and privately strangled in the City by vertue of his absolute and uncontroulable Authority without giving the Offenders liberty of Processes or Pleas for their Lives or the solemnity of Scaffolds or applause of a Funeral Oration at the Gallows whereby to win the affections and compassions of the vulgar but went through with his bloody and tragical business without noise or rumour or knowledge almost of the Souldiery or the people whilst the great Personages whose rapine and pride had contracted them envy and hatred from their inferiours stood confused and amased not having power to rebel nor Sanctuary to fly unto Such is the effect of an absolute and arbitrary power which is Master of times and affairs and rather fits and squares Enterprizes to Counsels than Counsels to Enterprizes Reges Hercule non liberi solum impedimentis omnibus sed Domini rerum temporunque trahunt Consiliis cuncta non sequuntur Liv. lib. 9. The Grand Signior in the mean time applauded the diligence and circumspection of his Minister and though yet trembling with the memory of late sollevations amongst the Janizaries yet being young and active addicted himself wholly to the delight of Hunting and to follow the Chace of fearful and flying Beasts whilst his Vizier so closely follow'd his game of Bloud that he left no Person considerable in the Empire who was not a Creature made by or depending on him unless the Kahyabei or Lieutenant General of the Janizaries Mortaza Pasha of Babylon now called by the Turks Bagdat and the Pasha of Magnasia Men whose bravery and generous Justice or else their Guards or Fortune had only seated beyond the reach and Sword of this Tyrant This was then the State of the Turkish Affairs amongst themselves As to Foreign and Christian Princes the Emperor the King of England the French King and the States of Holland had their Embassadors and Residents at the Ottoman Court with whom as yet passed a fair and amicable correspondence excepting with the French whose Embassadour had then lately obtained his release from Imprisonment to which he was confined contrary to the Law of Nations and the Custom of the wisest and most generous People of former Ages and compelled to return into France an Agent being there setled by the Merchants to Negotiate their Affairs the occasions and grounds whereof we have at large signified in another place which unlawful treatment of a Person Sacred none will much admire who considers the humour of supream Ministers that judge themselves under no restraint or limits of Law either Civil or National This Embassador from France was call'd Monsieur le Haye the Father a Person excellently well qualifi'd having with success pass'd in that capacity for the space of 25 years until some misunderstandings passing between him and this Tyrannical Vizier he suffered many indignities from him which being added to the extream torment of the Stone under which he laboured made him willing on any terms to return to his own Countrey The Venetians notwithstanding the War had two Ministers there resident the Eccellentissimo Capello Procurator of St. Mark a right worthy and noble Person and Signior Ballarino a Person vigilant and subtle who omitted no opportunities to advance his own Fortunes and with that the benefit of his Republick The Emperors Resident called Simon Renninghen a Person sincere free and open hearted agreeable to the Nature of the Germans had for some Years tho with some difficulty continued the Peace or rather matters from breaking out into an open War the Incursions on the Frontiers and other accidents always administring occasions of discontent and complaints to both parties But

General in behalf of the League the Marquess of Durlach and the Bishop of Munster his Councellours and Director of the War The strength of the Christian Army and Count Francis Fucher General of the Ordnance But in the Levies of their Forces they concurred more freely and willingly for besides the Imperial Forces which consisted of 41600 Foot and 13900 Horse the Allies and Confederates furnished 13850 Foot and 3350 Horse the Auxiliaries of the Empire made up a Body of 16991 Foot and 4037 Horse besides the Forces of Saxony and Brandenburgh and the Succours of France so that by Gods Providence the Christian Army was this year esteemed equal if not more numerous than the multitudes of their Enemies The next matter under consideration was the nomination of Ministers to be sent abroad to implore assistance from Christian Princes more remote Italy the Count Piccolomini was to negotiate in the Courts of Italy but having taken a Distemper in his Journeys died after a short sickness at Milan Also the Count Colalto England sent to his Majesty of Great Britain died in his Journey before he arrived at London notwithstanding which the generous Piety of His Majesty was not wanting with a liberal Hand to contribute towards the Promotion of the Christian Interest From Poland nothing more could be obtained than Terms of Courtesy Poland and Demonstrations of Good Will and ●esires for that their Forces being employed against the Moscovite to recover the lost Countries of Lituania could not possibly attend the Service and Command of his Imperial Majesty tho they could not but at the same time reflect on their Premures and Necessities with Shame and Confusion which disabled them from answering with like returns the grateful Memory they still retained of the assistance against Sweden To his Most Christian Majesty Count Strozzi was employed France before whose Arrival at Paris the common Report and Vogue was That that King resolved to contribute an effectual Assistance to the Christian Cause in that present Conjuncture which pious Disposition Strozzi so happily improved that he obtained from his Majesty a Grant and Promise of four thousand Foot and two thousand Horse raised and payed at his own Charge to be united with the Troops of the Rhinish League And farther His Majesty was so gracious herein that he published a Declaration That what Person soever would serve the Emperor against the Turk his Resolution and Action therein should be accepted by him in the same manner as if the Service were immediately tendered to himself Upon which many Persons of Quality resolved upon this Expedition amongst which was the Duke of Buglion the Marquis de Villeroy the Abbot of Richelieu and m●ny other Heroes and Persons of Bravery who ventured their Lives with no other Consideration than that of Honour and Religion But before I pass from this Emb●ssy give me leave to report a Complement which Count Strozzi passed upon this King which some say did savour a little too much of Flattery and Affectation The matter was this Count Strozzi being admitted to his Audience Count Strozzi's Speech to the French King. so soon as he entered into the Chamber I know not whether it was feigned or real he seemed to be struck with such an Amazement and Fear that for a while he was not able to pronounce a word Articulate or Intelligible but at length recollecting himself he began with a trembling Voice to excuse this Hesitation of his Speech having his Senses dissipated and his Eyes dazled with the Rays and Splendor of so much Majesty and with that as in a Rapture or Ecstasie broke out into an Admiration of the French Monarchy the report of whose Greatness and Glory tho arrived to the utmost Confines of the Universe came yet far short of that real Majesty which he saw and admired whose dreadful and mysterious Throne was sufficient to revive the dead Ashes of the Sabean Queen to prostrare her self before this new Solomon much excelling the Wisdom the Richess the Virtue and Happiness of the former And thence descending with the like sagacious Obsequiousness to confute the malicious Reports of malignant Tongues who envious of the harmony of Christian Spirits represented His Majesty as ill-affected to the Austrian Family whereas to the contrary he could testifie to have found that excess of Affection and admirable Disposition in His Majesty towards the Emperor his Ally as rendred his Embassy abundantly happy and successful which joined to the Zeal His Majesty had towards the Christian Cause was like Friendship united to Charity and moral Virtues made perfect by spiritual Qualifications In fine he compared his Christian Majesty to that Glorious Sun which communicating his light to the Christian World affords the most benign Influence to the Catholick Climate with much better reason therefore ought Germany to participate so great a Circle of those Rays as may serve wholly to obscure and darken the dim and barbarous Light of the Ottoman Moon In sum Strozzi knew so well how to manage his Discourse and play the Orator that he obtained considerable Assistances and returned to his Master the Emperor with full Demonstrations of all obliging Terms and courteous Tre●●ments And having thus understood what Preparations are making in Christendom let us pass over into the Turks Quarters and see what is in the mean time tr●nsacting in those Dominions At this time the Rumour of a Rebellion and Mutiny amongst the Great Beghs at Grand Cairo in Egypt Rebellion of the Beghs in Egypt afforded matter for Trouble and Consultation at the Ottoman Court for that those Beghs who have great Possessions and Power in that Country made Seizure of Ibrahim Pasha and imprisoned him being about the Expiration of his three years commonly allotted to that Government and therefore near upon departure The demands they had upon him was for no less than three thousand Purses of Money which according to the Cairo Account are reckoned seven hundred and fifty Dollars a Purse and pretended to be taken from them against Law and Justice and that without Restitution thereof they resolved not to restore him his Liberty This Insolence against so ●minent a Pasha qualified with such absolute Power in his Government and one related to the Grand Signior by Marriage of his Sister compared with the late neglects and disobedience of that People who for some years had failed in the full payment of their Tribute were interpreted as evident Symptoms of Disaffection and Malignancy which that People entertained against the Ottoman Subjection Wherefore the Sultan immediately dispatched away the Master of his Horse to Cairo with full Power to apease this Rebellion and with Lenitives to moderate the Fury of the People who seemed to be too Licentious and Unbridled to be governed by a Musselim or Deputy Wherefore the Selictar Aga was elected Pasha and to depart with all Expedition In the mean time this Messenger to make greater haste took post through

in all appearance made of the War the Vizier returned to Belgrade The Vizier sends for his Mother to Belgrade designing to remain there until the German Ambassadour had entered the Turkish borders and in the mean time sent for his Mother thither pretending that in an uncertain and changeable estate the Maternal Blessing is of highest Consolation it being esteemed pious amongst the Turks for a man to dye at the Feet of his Mother This Mother of his was esteemed a cunning or wise Woman by whose Charms and Incantations his Father and he were supposed long to have conserved the Office of Vizier and as my own Ears can witness the common Souldiers Discourse That his Mothers Art consisted much in Philtrums and Charms reconciling affection and friendship and had a power over the Grand Signiors Inclinations and Understanding rendring all things and actions the Vizier had performed in this War full of merit and admiration This I say was the Discourse of some common Soldiers In the Month of December The Blazing Star. that Blazing-star which appeared formidably to most parts of the known World was also seen within the Turkish Empire not without a general terrour of all as prognosticating disasters of Sword Pestilence and Famine and set the Turkish Astrologers at work to find out the mystery it portended from whose Art most commonly was divined the death of some great Person in the Empire which some would have to be the Grand Signior othes the Visier others both as they desired alteration and change of Government The Grand Signior continued all this time at Adrianople The Sultans hatred to Constantinople increases taken up with an extraordinary delight and pleasure in his Court there with which his aversion to Constantinople so much increased that he could not endure so much as the name of the place and if accidentally in his Hunting as it reported he chanced to fall into the road which led thither and remembring himself thereof would immediately turn thence as one that corrects himself of some desperate errour or avoids a path which tends to an evitable destruction The Kadelescher and the other grave Judges of the Law observing this unreasonable hatred of their Prince to his Imperial Seat considered how prejudicial it was to him and his People to have a City of that renown antiquity and commodiousness of living despised and abandoned and that perhaps the Souldiery now upon their March from the War might be impatient of returning home as all the Dependants on the Divan and Personages of great Quality desired to injoy their Habitations and Gardens at Constantinople from which discontents on all sides it was concluded That there might result dangerous Seditions and Mutinies and therefore resolved and as some say also at the instigation of the Vizier to prostrate themselves before the Grand Signior and tender him their opinions and sence in that particular which they accordingly performing and assigning the Kadelescher or the Chief Justice with all humility to be their Mouth in this Petition their counsel was received with that indignation that they were chased from the Grand Signiors presence with fury and high displeasure and the Kadelescher at that moment deprived of his Office. To these other extravagances the Grand Signior would have added another of a higher nature and cruelty by causelesly putting to death his Brother Solyman The Sultan seeks to destroy his Brother whom all the time of his Reign together with another Brother he had kept Prisoner in the Seraglio for now having a Son of his own he conceived it more secure to remove all competition that might be for the Government according to the example and custom of the Ottoman Princes but suffering some remorse of conscience in the thoughts of imbruing his hands in the blood of his guiltless Brother conceived it more justifiable to perform the Fact by process of Law and to that end sent to the Mufti for his Fetfa or Sentence viz. That in such a case where there is a sufficient provision for continuance of the true Lineage of the Ottoman Family whether it may be lawful according to their Law and ancient Presidents to take off some as superfluous Suckers that draw not only nourishment from the root but endanger also the life of the Tree But the Mufti was not so cruel or unjust as to pass this Sentence but rather supplicated the Grand Signior to deser this resolution for having but one Son and that a Child which was subject to the common chances of mortality the Ottoman Family was not so sufficiently provided of Heirs that he could pass his Sentence for taking away one who was so necessary a reserve and member of it with which reply the Grand Signior suffered himself to be overcome having some touches of Conscience and perhaps not being naturally cruel some sence of compassion towards his innocent Brother But returning now to the Great Vizier we find him in his Winter quarters at Belgrade where having taken an affection to the elder Son of the Tartar Chan or else having conceived some hatred or displeasure against the Father The Vizier offers to depose the Tartar Chan. frankly proffered to depose the Father and confer the Government upon him who was the Son. But it seems this young Tartar though barbarous had yet so much of filial obedience and reverence instamped on him by nature that he modestly refused the proffer and immediatly dispatched a Messenger with secret Advices to his Father The Tartar Chan received this Intelligence with great indignation and purposing to play that game in reallity with the Vizier which he had passed on him only by way of overture wrote a Letter to the Pasha of Buda a man of great abilities and courage advertising him that hearing a true and worthy character of his prowess and wisdom he could not but desire to be his friend and that he might make demonstrations of his being such he proffered all the interest he had at the Ottoman Court to promote him to the supreme Office of first Vizier What Fate soever accompanied this matter either from the Confidents of the Tartars or of the Pasha the substance of the Message came to the knowledge of the Vizier who obtaining a private Commission immediately from the Grand Signior therein sent for the Pasha and without farther process or evidence of proof or accusation struck off his Head. Anno Christi 1665. Hegeira 1076. THE Peace thus happily concluded with Germany was a subject of singular contentment to the People and not less readily embraced by the Grandees who hastened so much the consummation thereof that in the beginning of January one Mahomet Beigh The Turkish Ambassadour departs of the Order of the Mutafaracaes who are those that attend the Services of the Divan and are of a Degree somewhat above the Chaouses a man of considerable Richess was designed Ambassadour for Vienna and qualified with the Title of the Pasha of Romelia In

himself you shall read Vpon the Most High after which shall follow the One hundred twenty sixth Psalm and then the One hundred and thirteenth to the One hundred and Nineteenth At the Consecration of the Wine upon the Vigil or Even you shall make mention of the Feast of Consolation which is the Day of the Birth of our King the Messiah Sabatai Sevi thy Servant and first-born Son giving the Blessing as followeth Blessed be thou our God King of the World who hast made us to live and hast maintained us and hast kept us alive unto this time Vpon the Eve of this Day you shall also read the Eighty one Psalm as also the One hundred thirty two and One hundred twenty sixth Psalms which are appointed for the Morning Praises And this Day shall be unto you for a remembranee of a solemn Day unto eternal Ages and a perpetual Testimony between me and the Sons of Israel Audite audiendo manducate bonum Besides which Order and Method of Liturgy for Solemnization of his Birth he prescribed other Rules for Divine Service and particularly published the same Indulgence and priviledge to every one who should pray at the Tomb of his Mother as if he had taken on him a Pilgrimage to pray and sacrifice at Jerusalem The Devotion of the Jews towards this pretended Messiah encreased still more and more so that not only the chief of the City went to attend and proffer their service towards him in the time of his Imprisonment but likewise decked their Synagogue with S. S. in Letters of Gold making for him on the Wall a Crown in the Circle of which was wrote the Ninety one Psalm at length in a fair and legible Character attributing the same Titles to Sabatai and expounding the Scriptures in the same manner in favour of his appearance as we do of our Saviour Howsoever some of the Jews remained in their Wits all this time amongst which was a certain Cocham at Smyrna one zealous of his Law and of the good and safety of his Nation and observing in what a wild manner the whole People of the Jews was transported with the gronndless belief of a Messiah leaving not only their Trades and course of Living but publishing Prophecies of a speedy Kingdom of rescue from the tyranny of the Turk and leading the Grand Signior himself captive in Chains matters so dangerous and obnoxious to the State wherein they lived as might justly convict them of Treason and Rebellion and leave them to the mercy of that Justice which on the least jealousie and suspicion of matters of this nature uses to extirpate Families and subvert the Mansion houses of their own People much rather of the Jews on whom the Turks would gladly take this occasion to despoil them of their Estates and condemn the whole Nation to perpetual Slavery And indeed it would have been a greater wonder than ever Sabatai shewed that the Turks took not advantage from all these extravagancies to drain the Jews of a considerable Sum of Money and set their whole Race in Turky at a Ransome had not these passages yielded them matter of pastime and been the subject of the Turks laughter and scorn supposing it a disparagement to the greatness of the Ottoman Empire to be concerned for the rumours and combustions of this despised People With these Considerations this Cocham that he might clear himself of the blood and guilt of his Countrymen and unconcerned in the common destruction went before the Kaddee and there protested against the present Doctrine declaring That he had no hand in setting up of Sabatai but was an enemy both to him and his whole Sect. This freedom of the Cocham so enraged and scandalized the Jews that they judged no Condemnation or Punishment too severe against such an Offender and Blasphemer of their Law and Holiness of the Messiah and therefore with Money and presents to the Kaddee accusing him as disobedient in a Capital nature to their Government obtained sentence against him to shave his Beard and commit him to the Gallies There wanted nothing now to the appearance of the Messiah and the Solemnity of his Coming but the presence of Elias which the Jews began to expect hourly and with that attention and earnestness that a Dream or Phantasm to every weak Head was judged to be Elias it being taught and averred that he was seen in divers Forms and Shapes not to be certainly discovered or known before the Coming of the Messiah For this Superistition is so far fixed amongst them that generally in their Families they spread a Table for Elias the Prophet to which they make an invitation of poor People leaving the chief place for the Lord Elias whom they believe to be invisibly present at the Entertainment and there to eat and drink without diminution either of the Dishes or the Cup. One Person amongst the Jews commanded his Wife after a Supper of this kind to leave the Cup filled with Wine and the Meat standing all Night for Elias to feast and rejoyce alone and in the Morning arising early affirmed That Elias took this Banquet so kindly that in token of gratitude and acceptance he had replenished the Cup with Oyl instead of Wine It is a custom amongst the Jews on the Evening of the Sabbath to repeat certain praises of God. Haudola which signifies a distinction or separation of the Sabbath from the prophane days as they call them which praises or blessing they observe to perform in this manner One takes a Cup filled with Wine and drops it through the whole House in the name of Elias saying Elias the Prophet Elias the Prophet come quickly to us with the Messiah the Son of David And this they affirm is so acceptable to Elias that he never fails to preserve that Family so devoted to him and augment it with the Blessings of encrease Many other things the Jews avouch of Elias so ridiculous as are not necessary to be declared amongst which this one is not from our purpose That at the Circumcision there is always a Chair set for Elias And Sabatai Sevi being once invited at Smyrna to the Circumcision of the first born Son of one Abraham Gutiere a Kinsman of Sabatai and all things ready for the Ceremony Sabatai Sevi exhorted the Parents of the Child to expect a while until his farther order After a good half hour Sabatai ordered them to proceed and cut the Prepucee of the Child which was instantly performed with all joy and satisfaction to the Parents and being afterwards demanded wherefore he retarded the performance of that Function his answer was That Elias had not as yet taken his Seat whom as soon as he saw pla●●d he ordered them to proceed and that now shortly Elias would discover himself openly and proclaim the news of their general Redemption This being the common opinion of the Jews and that Sabatai Sevi was the Messiah being become an Article of Faith it was not hard

passeth on the Water and no Man whatsoever to Oppose Molest Disturb or Injury him therein either by Word or Deed. These and all other preceding Articles are to remain firm for ever without any alteration and in all other particulars not mentioned in any of these Articles the Regulation shall be according to the Capitulation general with the Grand Signior Confirmed likewise and Sealed in the Presence of Almighty God at our Castle in the noble City and Kingdom of Tripoly in Barbary the first day of May Old Stile and in the year of our Lord Jesus Christ 1676 being the twenty sixth day of the Moon Zaphire and the year of the Hegeira 1080. Halil Bassa's Seal Mustapha Dei's Seal Aga's Seal Ally Admiral 's Seal A True Coppy Examined out of Sir John Narbroughs Thomas Fowler HAving thus related the original cause proceedings and conclusion of our War with Tripoly Let us Travel to Tunis which though since the year 1655 hath ever maintained Peace with England yet the civil dissentions among themselves have administred unto us Subject of discourse and more especially since it hath some relation to Hoffse-bey whom formerly we named as Mediator of the Peace between Us and Tripoly On the sixth of September 1675. Civil War at Tunis in Barbary Morat Bei General of all the Land Forces in the Kingdom of Tunis dyed the most Politick and Popular Person that ever mannaged that Office his Sons Ciddi Mehmet and Ciddi Ali by the general approbation and consent of the Souldiery joyntly succeeding him in that charge But the ambition of these two young Gallants would admit no union in the Government the Elder would know no equal and the younger no superior so that it was necessary for one to govern or both to be laid aside the decision of which was referred to a full Assembly of the Turks In the mean time Hoffsey-bey Brother to Morat deceased and Uncle to the two Competitors taking advantage of these divisions offered himself a Candidate for the place and so operated with the force of mony and with assistance of the younger Nephew who would rather yield to an Uncle then to a brother that he clearly carried the election by the common suffrages of the people The Elder Son Ciddi Mehmet not enduring the indignity to be thus degraded took the field and set up his standard After him followed all his Fathers Old Spahees and the Moors abroad came into him so that in a few days he became so formidable as to give Laws to the Dei and People of Tunis obliging them immediately to banish his Uncle and to receive him as sole and absolute General of all the Land Souldiery in those Dominions Hoffse-bey not being able to resist this force posted away with such expedition that he adventured to embark himself retinue and treasure which as was reported being modestly calculated amounted to three millions of Dollars on no better a Vessel then a French Satte for Tripoli where he was honourably received by that Government and Letters sent from them to the young Bei at Tunis mediating for the return of his Uncle with promise that he should live quietly and give no interruption to the course of his Government but Ciddi Mehmet resolving not to trust him positively declared against his readmission as not consistent with his Government and Safety It happened at this time that the English had War with Tripoly and blocked up the Port and that afterwards a Peace ensuing Hoffse-bey as we said before showed himself very forward and zealous in the Mediation which taking effect he was afterwards together with his retinue transported on the Bristol Fregat Commanded by Sir John Berry to Modon in the Morea from whence he went by Land to carry his Complaints to Constantinople whilst the Bristol Fregat proceeded to Smyrna to receive the Turky Companies Ships under Convoy for England Hoffs-bey being arrived at the Grand Signiors Court prepared an easie and ready access to the Grandees by the great Presents he sent them which being the only means to mollify and make tender the hearts of Turks he found upon all his addresses such resentments and compassionate feelings of his aggreivances that if assurances in words and promises would do his work he might be ascertained of engaging the entire power and puissance of the Empire for his re-establishment The news of Hoffse-bey being gone to address himself to the Turkish Court for relief much perplexed the Government at Tunis and at the same time the plague desperately raging there made them sick and infirm both in body and mind wherefore after serious considerations and debates hereupon it was concluded necessary to Fight Hoffse with his own Weapons and immediately to dispatch away four Ships for Constantinople with Messengers and Presents to the Grand Signior and his Officers being the only means to open the reasons and understandings of the Turks and make them as well capable to comprehend the justice of their cause as to reconcile their affections The four Ships arriving at Constantinople were seized on at the instance of Hoffse-bey and he declaring that those Ships were belonging to him and his own proper Estate easily procured a judgment in his favour and the Captains of them being called to the Divan were Commanded to own Hoffse-bey for their Master and to obey him as their Pasha and absolute Lord under the Grand Signior It was too late when at Tunis they apprehended the Error they had Committed in sending these four Ships to Constantinople which now upon more serious consideration then the former they expected to return freighted with armed Men and Imperial Commands to re-establish Hoffse-bey in the Government of which and of what was farther preparting at the Ottoman Court that they might have good advice they dispatched two Messengers for Constantinople on a French Satee which they had freighted for that purpose to Land them at Smyrna where being arrived they addressed themselves to me then Consul there bringing me Letters of recommendation from friends at Tunis to assist and help them in all their occurences I was well informed in all particulars concerning the success and motions of Hoffse-bey at Constantinople and I did not omit to relate all matters distinctly to them for not long before I had occasion to be acquainted with Hoffse-bey himself having at his earnest request found means to furnish him with the Sum of three thousand Dollars upon a good Pawn of Gold and Jewels amongst which there was a Fetlock of Gold enameled and set with Diamonds just in the form and fashion of those which we put on our horses when they go to grass and this I understood was one of the Ornaments which they put on the Ancle of the Bride on the marriage day I know not whether it were to grace her legs as bracelets do our wrists or to put her in mind of her servitude so soon as she submits to Wedlock I acquainted them as I said with all matters That the

that for Him below or at the foot of it the which being an unusual and unpractised diminution of the ancient honour given formerly to Ambassadors he ordered one of his Servants To set it again on the Soffrá equal with that of the Visier's the which being done was again brought down by one of the Visiers Pages and placed as before whereupon the Ambassador seizing the Stool with his own hand carried it on the Sofftá and sate upon it which being reported to the Visier then in his retiring Chamber he sent twice to him to remove letting him know That unless the Stool were returned into the Place appointed by him he would not appear in the Chamber of Audience Whereunto his Excellency returned this prudent Answer That the Visier might dispose of his Chair as he pleased but not of his Person In which Interim the Chaous-Bashee came in roaring out Calder Calder which is Take it away Take it away meaning the Stool at which noise the Ambassador arising to see what the matter was had the Stool taken from under him whereat being greatly enraged he threw out of the Room in a high passion and causing the Presents which he brought to be again returned with him he mounted his Horse and departed Afterwards it was intimated unto the English Ambassador That he might if he pleased receive Audience of the Great Vifier But his Excellency uuderstanding in what manner the French Ambassador had been treated excused his going on pretence of an Indisposition of health Howsoever the Venetian Bailo and the Residents of Holland and Genoua were contented to be admitted unto Audience on those terms which the Visier was pleased to allow And though during the time that he was Chimacam and bore other inferior Offices and Charges of Trust his behaviour was gentle affable and civil yet I fear that now having changed his Office he will have altered his humour and that his Greatness will have en-creased his Pride Avarice and Fierceness thus no man knows what another will be when he shall enter into power Dic mihi si fueris tu Leo qualis eris And as Magistratus indicat Virum so in the actions of his management the temper and constitution of this great Person will be discovered And thus having given a short Account and Character of this present Visier his future Acts and Monuments must be the Subject of other Pens FINIS THE HISTORY OF THE TURKISH EMPIRE CONTINUED From the Year One thousand Six hundred Seventy six to the Year One thousand Six hundred Eighty six By Sir ROGER MANLEY Knight THE HISTORY OF THE TURKISH EMPIRE CONTINUED From the Year of Our Lord 1676 to the Year 1686. By Sir Roger Manley Knight THE History of the Turkish Empire having been transferr'd to us by Mr. Knolles very methodically and well and continued by the deferving Pen of Sir Paul Rycaut to the Year 1676 being the Twenty eighth of Sultan Mahomet the Fourth now reigning We have as well by inclination as to satisfie the desires of some Friends thought fit to prosecute so laudable a Design by extending the History of that great Monarchy to our present Times And though we may be defective in skill for so Eminent an Undertaking we shall notwithstanding add Industry to our Endeavours and compensate our Failings by the candour and ingenuity of our Narrative Achmet the great Visier being dead in his way to Adrianople was succeeded by Kara Mustapha his Brother-in-Law aged about fifty and who had exercised the office of Caimacan for many years The Grand Seignior to indear him the more to him married him to one of his Daughters though very young not exceeding five years of age according to the custom practised by the Sultans to be rid of their Daughters betimes which are always numerous by reason of the multiplicity of their Concubines and by this means to ease themselves of the Expence which they are obliged to be at in maintaining them according to their Quality In the same Month of January the strong Garison of Canisia having drawn out a Party to attack the Isle of Sexin allarmed all Croatia by their Military Executions exacting Contributions and pillaging and burning such places as did not submit to their tyranny The Turks of Newhausel did also ravage the Countrey on their side as far as Frystat But before we enter upon their stage of War it may be requisite to say somewhat of the Troubles of Hungary which preceded and their causes and how the Infidels came to be Principals in a War of Religion between Christians The Kingdom of Hungary being subdivided into Counties as in England or Communities have right to send their Deputies to the Dyets or Conventions of the Estates which ought to be summoned every three years according to the Laws of the Kingdom This Assembly is composed of the Clergy the principal Lords the Gentry and the said Deputies of the Counties It hath the right of choosing a Palatine who ought to be an Hungarian according to the priviledges of the Nation and to have the intire direction of War and Justice The great Lords have so great Authority over their Vassals that they are look'd upon as so many lesser Sovereigns in their several Territories They have also great Revenues which inables them upon occasion to raise considerable Bodies of Men the People in general being strong active and valiant but covetous vindicative and inconstant The great Employments of the Kingdom were also invested in the Natives and no Strangers were to be imposed upon them or Foreigners enquartered amongst them all which the Emperour upon his Election to the Crown was obliged to observe by the solemnity of an Oath But on the other side there being very many Arrians Calvinists and Lutherans in the Countrey they added to the aversion the Natives have to the Germans having been as they thought too severely used by them complaining that they were hindred in the free Exercise of their Religion their Churches violently taken away from them and their Ministers forced from their Duty It was farther complained that the Grandees of the Kingdom were not permitted to injoy their Priviledges of which one was That none of them should for any Crime whatsoever be convened before any Judges but those of their own Nation Notwithstanding all this as the Emperour had sworn to maintain their Priviledges he had likewise promised to derend their Country which could not be done against the Insults of so powerful an Enemy as the Turk without an Army and those strangers living ill with the Inhabitants and they again shutting their Towns against them occasioned infinite Violences and Disorders on both sides which Repugnancy was the source of all the Troubles in Hungary The Emperour beginning to suspect the fidelity of the Hungarians by reason of the obstinacy wherewith they refused to lodge his Troops began seriously to think of securing the Kingdom to himself which being perceived he augmented by that Precaution the hatred which the

by him to the presence of the Sultan who in reward of his fidelity and valour vested him with a rich Coftan and restored him again to his Principality with addition of three hundred Aspers a day pay His Wife and Children which remained as Hostages at Constantinople being upon the News of the Princes Revolt clapt into the seven Towers were again released and conducted to their house with all imaginable honour and magnificence But the Moldavian Prince was more in earnest and heartily disdained the affront offered him by Chusaein Pasha towards whom and the other Turks though he carried a serene and calm coutenance yet he nourished a secret flame and storm within himself to vent which and revenge the affront he maintained a correspondence with Sobieski giving him intelligence of all matters in the Turkish Camp The Prince of Moldavia revolts how he might most easily surprize the Forces of the Pasha of Sivas and the four Generals of the Spahees of Alchabolick The Christians made use of this intelligence accordingly by making their assault on the Enemy on the weakest side when the Prince having reserved his anger until an opportune Season turned his face against the Turks and with a courage agreeable to his spirit and command he entered the Tabor or Intrenchment of Chusaein Pasha and wounded him with his own hand The heat of the Fight continued fourteen hours in which none behaved himself more valianlty than did Solyman Pasha the Beglerbeg of Bosna who though he was as brave and fought as stoutly as any man could having six Horses that day killed under him The Turks overthrow he was at length forced to fly and abandon the field following Chusaein Pasha of Sivas and Ciddi-ogla who made better use in saving themselves of their horses heels than their own Arms But in this Flight his Horse pitching his foot into the hole of a wooden Bridge which he was to pass was there stopped until he was overtaken by a Souldier with a Hat who shot him through the Body so that continuing his flight more faintly than before he was overtaken by a Palonian Hussar who with a Lance bore him to the Ground where he was trod under foot and cut in pieces by the Enemy The other three Pashaws were wounded the Generals of the Green and Yellow Sangiacks of the Spahees were taken Prisoners and two other principal Commanders of the Spahees were killed The Zagargeebashee who commanded eighteen Chambers of Janisaries was taken prisoner the Standard of the Janisaries taken and they wholly cut in pieces and destroyed consisting of eight thousand five hundred men all the Troops and Attendants of those Pashaws with four Sangiacks of Spahees were slain upon the place which in all were computed to be about twenty five thousand men The booty taken was very considerable for besides the ordinary Baggage they took two thousand purses of money then newly brought for payment of the Souldiery and twenty five thousand Waggons of Provisions and Ammunition After this success and important Victory the Poles became Masters of the strong Fortress of Chotin and other smaller Palanchas on the Banks of the Niester making their Incursions into Moldavia as far as Jash which is the principal City of that Country And thus far was Kaplan Pasha proceeded with the Recruits of about four thousand men when the News came of the fatal Rout and the fame thereof encreasing by the fearful Relations of such as fled from the Battel alarmed the Turks with such frightful apprehensions that they retreated back again to the other side of the Danube and united themselves to the Forces of the Vizier But Chusaein Pasha though he saved his life yet could not conserve the Air of the Sultan's favour for so soon as he arrived at the Court he received an ill welcome for according to the manner of Turks Chusaein Pasha imprisoned who punish the ill success of a General equal to Crimes committed he was immediately put into Chains deprived of his estate and honours and sent prisoner with the attendance only of two servants unto the Castles of the Dardanelli where the disturbance and unquietness of his mind reduced him to an infirmity of Body so that being sick and without Friends or Physicians he sent to Sir John Finch his Majesties Ambassador as he passed up the Hellespont to afford him the use and assistance of his Physician but the Ambassador excused himself letting him know that his Retinue being passed before on another Vessel he was sorry it was not in his power to accommodate him in the manner he desired The Winter being now well entered which is very wet and cold in those Coutries caused the Armies on both sides to draw into their warmet Quatters there to meditate and contrive their designs for the more active season During these Affairs the King of Poland died so that the Election of a new Prince The King of Poland dies the manner of reconciling their intestine Differences and the means to defend their Countries were Subjects of important Consideration and matters more than sufficient to employ the wisest heads of that Nation for a longer time than their common Enemy was resolved to afford them The Turk on the other side though full of revenge and anger for their last misfortune yet patiently took this loss as the paring only of his Nails that his Claws might grow the longer and was so rowsed with this blow that he summoned all the Nations of his large Empire to come in to his assistance towards which forty thousand Carts laden with Provisions were appointed to rendezvous on the Banks of the Danube towards the end of the month of March. Yet in the mean time the Turks not having patience to see their perfidious Prince avail himself of his Revolt and in Despight of the Ottoman Power to to seat himself in his Principality of Jash were resolved to drive him thence and in order thereunto not expecting a milder season immediately dispeeded some Troops of Tartars and two thousand Spahees under the Command of a new Prince to drive him out of the Country In the mean time the Poles since their late Victory kept the Fortress of Kemenitz straitly blocked up on all sides and thereby reduced them to such a want of food and other provisions as might probably cause them to surrender before the Summer could open a way to their relief But before I conclude this Year I must not omit to acquaint the Reader that in the month of September an English Factor at Smyrna descended of good Parents and educated under a severe and religious Master one who had a reasonable Estate of his own and in good business and employment did notwithstanding in the absence of his Partner with whom he was joyned in Commission carry out of the house 215 ½ fine Cloths belonging to several Principals of England with a considerable Sum of ready Mony Jewels and things of value of which having possessed himself

he went before the Kadi and there in presence of divers Officers of the City turned Turk hoping by the Priviledge of the Mahometan Law whereby no Christian testimony can pass against a Turk to appropriate unto himself that whole Estate which he had thus treacherously got into his sole custody And it being impossible for Turks to attest the Marks Numbers or know the Estates of Persons being in England he judged himself out of the reach of any Power or Art to dispossess him of his unjust and wicked acquests Howsoever the Consul did so closely pursue him both at Smyrna and at the Turkish Court that in the space of seven months he regained all the Cloth and the best part of the Mony and Jewels out of his hands and in fine reduced this Renegado to so low a condition that he humbly supplicated the Consul to contrive a way for his passage into England at which time His Majesties Frigate the Centurion being then in Port he was imbarked thereupon and so returned into his own Country The Particulars of all which having been amply related in Writing and Letters to private Friends I purposely omit the same in this place that so I might cast a veil over the nakedness and shame of our Nation in that City Howsoever I judge it requisite to recount this Story in brief and in general heads That men may know there is a God who rules above who rejects impious and licentious persons confounding the designs of those who betraying their Trust deviate from the common Rules of Morality and Honesty Anno 1647. Hegeira 1085. THis Year began at Smyrna with the happy Arrival of Sir John Finch sent by His Majesty for Ambassador to the Grand Signior in the place of Sir Daniel Harvey who dyed in August 1672. at his Country-house not far from Constantinople His Excellency entred the City on the first day of January 1673 / 4 rejoycing the English Factory with the sight of their new Ambassador that Office having been now void for the space of sixteen months who was welcome also to people of the Country judging him fortunate for arriving at the Feast of their great Biram nor less pleasing was the News thereof to the Court especially to the late Pasha of Tunis whose Goods and Monies taken by one Dominico Franceschi out of an English Ship called the Mediterranean in her passage from Tunis to Tripoli this Ambassador had recovered from Ligorne and Malta which being an action without example was greatly admired and applauded by the Turks and esteemed an evident demonstration of that great Interest and Power which the Glory of our King hath acquired in Foreign parts and of the singular dexterity of such a Minister About the 18th of March Sir John Finch arrived at Constantinople being transported to the Dardanelli on his Majesties Fregat the Centurion and thence on a Gally hired at Smyrna for that purpose Some few days after his arrival the Grand Signior and Vizier being at Adrianople the Lord Ambassador had audience of the Chimacam whom he saluted with this speech I am come Ambassadour from Charles the Second King of England Scotland France and Ireland sole Lord and Soveraign of all the Seas that environ his Kingdoms Lord and Soveraign of vast territories and possessions in the East and West-Indies Defender of the Christian Faith against all those that Worship Idols or Images To the most Powerful and mighty Emperor of the East to maintain that peace which hath been so useful and that commerce which hath been so profitable to this Empire For the continuance and encrease whereof I promise you in my station to contribute what I can and I promise to my self that you in your will do the like But to proceed to the Wars The Polanders being thus prosperous made use of their success and the sharp cold of the Winter-season to make their Incursions and Winter-quarters through all the Principalities of Moldavia for they being born in cold Countries and accustomed to the Snows and Frosts were more patient and enduring of extremity of weather than were the Turks who were brought forth from more mild and moderate Climates so that neither could the Poles be driven out from those Countries nor Keminitz be relieved by them until such time that the Sun getting high and thawing the Snows and warming the Earth prepared a season fit for return of the Turks who marching according to their custom with an Army composed of great multitudes quickly compelled the Poles to retire For the Grand Signior and Vizier having both seated their Winter-quarters on the Banks of the Danube were ready at the first opening of the Summer to enter their Arms into the Enemies Countries and having called the Tartars to their assistance did according to the usual custom make Incursions for depredation of Slaves Cattel and whatsoever else was portable in a running March. The Chan or King of this People was at that time greatly indisposed in his health of which he advised the Great Vizier as if he intended thereby to obtain a release from his personal attendance that year in the War But the Vizier who either supposed this excuse to be only a pretence or that he had a kindness for his Person immediately dispatched away his own Physician called Signior Masselini an Italian born a worthy Learned man a good Christian and my intimate Friend with whom maintaining a constant correspondence by Letters he wrote me A Journy into Tartary That from the Grand Signiors Quarters which were at Batadog near the Banks of the Danube he arrived after seventeen days Journey in Chrim where he said he was received with singular honour and kindness by the Great Chan whom he found to be a Prince of admirable prudence gentleness and generosity but greatly afflicted with a Hypochondriacal Melancholy which being an infirmity of some years standing was with the more difficulty removed howsoever he was so far from being uncapable to follow his Army that he advised him to divert his mind with the thoughts of War which counsel having taken after thirty days abode in the Camp he found himself much more chearful than before and greatly relieved of that pressure of Melancholy and caliginous Vapours which offended his Brain We are now said he at Vssia at the Mouth of the Boristhenes which we have passed from the other side unto this where the River is nine miles broad from hence we are marching towards Bender upon the Niester to pass into Moldavia and there to joyn with the Ottoman Army The Poles have sent to demand Peace but with condition that Kemenitz be restored to them which Proposition was with great disdain rejected and will never be granted whilst this Emperour reigns These people greatly desired a Peace with Poland which the Election of Sobieski for King may probably facilitate for not only they but the Turks also dread a March into Poland and are so inveterately bent to take revenge on the Muscovites and Cosacks