as_o public_a or_o private_a we_o call_v that_o the_o law_n public_a which_o appertain_v to_o the_o very_a constitution_n of_o a_o commonwealth_n and_o it_o consist_v in_o thing_n holy_a in_o priest_n and_o magistrate_n for_o it_o be_v necessary_a for_o a_o commonwealth_n to_o have_v church_n in_o which_o man_n may_v address_v themselves_o to_o god_n for_o the_o forgiveness_n of_o their_o sin_n it_o be_v also_o convenient_a to_o have_v priest_n or_o minister_n by_o who_o we_o may_v be_v enjoin_v repentance_n for_o our_o sin_n and_o who_o may_v pray_v for_o we_o and_o mediate_v to_o god_n on_o our_o behalf_n for_o his_o help_n and_o providence_n and_o it_o be_v requisite_a likewise_o that_o there_o be_v magistrate_n ordain_v because_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o those_o who_o be_v appoint_v to_o precede_v as_o judge_n the_o law_n may_v be_v put_v in_o execution_n for_o it_o be_v to_o little_a purpose_n that_o there_o shall_v be_v law_n if_o there_o be_v not_o some_o to_o govern_v by_o those_o law_n 6._o law_n bract._n l._n 1._o c._n 5._o num_fw-la 6._o 4._o that_o which_o we_o term_v private_a law_n be_v that_o which_o chief_o belong_v to_o the_o utility_n of_o particular_a person_n and_o be_v secondary_o necessary_a for_o a_o commonwealth_n that_o no_o one_o abuse_v his_o own_o and_o so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n what_o be_v necessary_a for_o a_o commonwealth_n be_v likewise_o secundary_o requisite_a for_o the_o profit_n of_o particular_a person_n and_o this_o private_a law_n have_v three_o foundation_n viz._n natural_a nationall_n and_o civil_a pri_fw-la civil_a bract._n l._n 1._o c._n 5._o num_fw-la 3._o flet._n 6._o c._n pri_fw-la of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n and_o the_o law_n civil_a tit._n ii_o the_o natural_a law_n be_v that_o which_o nature_n or_o rather_o god_n have_v instill_v into_o all_o creature_n 4._o creature_n bract._n l._n 1._o c._n 5._o num_fw-la 4._o 1._o the_o national_a law_n or_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n be_v that_o which_o all_o nation_n observe_v and_o which_o proceed_v from_o the_o natural_a law_n because_o the_o natural_a law_n be_v that_o which_o be_v common_a to_o all_o creature_n either_o on_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o sea_n or_o in_o the_o air_n 6._o air_n id._n l._n 1._o c._n 5._o num_fw-la 6._o from_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n come_v the_o conjunction_n of_o male_a and_o female_a 445._o female_a blow_n fol._n 445._o and_o that_o which_o by_o common_a consent_n be_v call_v matrimony_n but_o this_o can_v proper_o be_v term_v a_o law_n because_o it_o be_v corporate_v and_o may_v be_v see_v for_o law_n be_v incorporal_a which_o discend_v and_o be_v introduce_v by_o the_o custom_n of_o nation_n but_o from_o this_o law_n proceed_v the_o procreation_n and_o education_n of_o child_n 304._o child_n id._n 303._o &_o 304._o and_o this_o law_n of_o nation_n be_v â—olely_o common_a to_o man_n as_o religion_n towards_o god_n that_o we_o may_v become_v assist_v both_o to_o â—ur_n parent_n and_o country_n and_o repel_v force_n â—nd_a injury_n and_o from_o hence_o it_o come_v that_o â—hatosever_v we_o do_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o our_o own_o body_n be_v adjudge_v legal_a 7._o legal_a bract._n l._n 1._o c._n 6._o num_fw-la 7._o from_o the_o law_n â—f_a nation_n also_o be_v servitude_n eod_a servitude_n id._n eod_a war_n distinct_a and_o divide_a nation_n several_a distinguish_v kingdom_n and_o dominion_n manumisâ—ons_n set_v of_o bound_n to_o land_n the_o build_n together_o and_o neighbour_a of_o house_n by_o â—hich_v mean_n we_o have_v our_o city_n borroughs_n â—nd_v villiage_n and_o general_o to_o this_o law_n of_o nation_n may_v be_v refer_v all_o manner_n of_o contract_n and_o many_o other_o thing_n 8._o thing_n id._n l._n 1._o c._n 5._o num_fw-la 6_o 7_o 8._o 2._o the_o civil_a law_n of_o england_n usual_o â—â—lled_v common_a law_n be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o â—ath_v a_o threefold_a acceptation_n for_o first_o it_o be_v â—â—ken_v general_o for_o that_o law_n which_o the_o enâ—â—â—sh_a use_n distinguish_v from_o that_o of_o the_o roman_n and_o other_o nation_n second_o it_o be_v take_v for_o these_o two_o court_n of_o judicature_n common_o call_v the_o bench._n the_o former_o king_n bench._n upper_a bench_n and_o the_o common_a pleas._n for_o when_o we_o say_v the_o cognisance_n of_o any_o cause_n belong_v to_o the_o common_a law_n we_o do_v not_o intend_v to_o any_o court_n baron_n county_n court_n pypowder_n court_n oâ—_n any_o such_o court_n but_o to_o one_o of_o these_o two_o judicatories_n who_o do_v most_o strict_o judge_v all_o causeâ—_n according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a law_n 5._o law_n doct._n &_o stu._n l._n 2._o c._n 5._o eract_v l._n 1._o c._n 5._o num_fw-la 5._o although_o there_o be_v many_o case_n in_o which_o both_o in_o the_o chancery_n and_o fxchequer_n process_n be_v issue_v upon_o original_a writ_n and_o judgement_n give_v according_a to_o common_a law_n 9_o law_n blow_n fol._n 9_o and_o three_o it_o be_v take_v for_o that_o law_n which_o we_o term_v statute_n law_n 86._o law_n cook_n l._n 3._o fâ—l_n 86._o 3_o the_o law_n of_o england_n according_a to_o somâ—_n have_v six_o principal_a foundation_n viz._n the_o laâ—_n of_o reason_n 316._o reason_n plo._n f._n 316._o the_o divine_a law_n the_o general_a custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n certain_a principle_n and_o maxim_n particular_a custom_n and_o statute_n 4._o statute_n doct._n &_o stu._n l._n 1._o c._n 4._o but_o if_o we_o shall_v contract_v these_o more_o close_o we_o may_v say_v the_o law_n of_o england_n have_v twâ—_n part_n viz._n ancient_a custom_n confirm_v 〈◊〉_d the_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n and_z former_o the_o king_n oath_n and_o statute_n which_o 〈◊〉_d enact_v by_o parliament_n either_o as_o supplement_n or_o amendment_n to_o the_o aforesaid_a custom_n both_o which_o be_v derive_v from_o thâ—_n law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n as_o all_o other_o law_n â—s_v whatsoever_o which_o be_v either_o just_a 〈◊〉_d reasonable_a and_o thus_o we_o fit_o divide_v 〈◊〉_d law_n into_o write_v and_o unwritten_a 13_o unwritten_a fortc_n c._n 13_o there_o be_v other_o which_o make_v our_o laâ—_n three_o fold_n viz._n common_a law_n custom_n and_o statute_n 4._o statute_n cook_n pref_o l._n 4._o 4._o our_o write_a law_n at_o least_o that_o which_o be_v in_o use_n be_v contain_v in_o statute_n pres_fw-fr statute_n cook_n l._n 3._o pres_fw-fr which_o be_v not_o make_v according_a to_o the_o prince_n pleasure_n but_o by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o whole_a realm_n call_v together_o former_o by_o the_o king_n for_o this_o purpose_n 7._o purpose_n fort_n c._n 9_o &_o 18_o &_o bract_v l._n 1._o c._n 2._o nu_fw-la 7._o yet_o we_o as_o heretofore_o the_o king_n approbation_n be_v necessary_o require_v 5._o and_o in_o one_o pâ—rticuler_a the_o supreme_a powâ—â—_n wheresoever_o it_o rest_v as_o in_o time_n past_o the_o king_n be_v above_o the_o law_n for_o that_o it_o may_v grant_v privilege_n at_o pleasure_n as_o to_o single_a person_n as_o to_o corporation_n and_o college_n provide_v they_o become_v not_o injurious_a to_o a_o three_o person_n 28._o person_n f._n n._n b._n fol._n 28._o in_o which_o if_o any_o doubt_n arise_v some_o say_v itself_o alone_o have_v sole_a power_n of_o interpret_n 14._o interpret_n bract._n l._n 2._o c._n 16._o num_fw-la 3._o brit._n c._n 63._o flet._n l._n 3._o c._n 14._o although_o other_o ascribe_v this_o power_n also_o unto_o the_o judge_n that_o such_o charrers_n may_v receive_v construction_n according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o law_n altonwoods_n law_n cook_n l._n 1._o case_n altonwoods_n 6._o but_o sometime_o it_o fall_v out_o case_n arise_v which_o be_v neither_o provide_v for_o by_o custom_n or_o statute_n sufficient_o and_o there_o the_o judge_n do_v decide_v by_o like_a reason_n proceed_v accorcord_v to_o former_a precedent_n and_o for_o that_o purpose_n do_v many_o time_n meat_n together_o to_o argue_v such_o case_n demurrer_n case_n new_a term_n of_o the_o law_n tit_n demurrer_n but_o if_o any_o such_o disficulty_n chance_v to_o happen_v which_o require_v a_o high_a search_n than_o judgement_n be_v recite_v until_o the_o next_o parliament_n by_o the_o council_n of_o which_o court_n it_o be_v determine_v 7._o determine_v bract._n l._n 1._o c._n 2._o num_fw-la 7._o 7._o the_o unwritten_a law_n consist_v of_o ancient_a custom_n of_o the_o realm_n which_o be_v observe_v for_o law_n 21_o law_n bract._n l._n 1._o c._n 3._o num_fw-la 2._o littl._n l._n 2._o c._n 10._o cook'l_n 4._o foe_n 21_o and_o to_o the_o observation_n of_o which_o our_o king_n at_o their_o coronation_n be_v oblige_v 34._o oblige_v fort._n c._n 34._o by_o oath_n notwithstanding_o any_o of_o these_o custom_n may_v be_v alter_v or_o null_v by_o a_o statute_n 465._o statute_n doct._n stu._n l._n 2._o c._n 5._o blow_n 465._o a_o custom_n be_v either_o general_a or_o particular_a a_o
bring_v a_o personal_a action_n which_o concern_v neither_o title_n of_o land_n free_a tenement_n inheritance_n or_o battery_n in_o any_o of_o the_o court_n at_o westminster_n in_o which_o action_n the_o judge_n of_o the_o court_n shall_v value_v both_o the_o debt_n and_o damage_n to_o be_v under_o forty_o shilling_n that_o the_o cost_v of_o such_o suit_n shall_v not_o be_v assign_v great_a than_o the_o principal_a value_n and_o that_o whereas_o the_o sheriff_n and_o their_o deputy_n be_v wont_v former_o to_o cite_v and_o summon_v the_o good_a people_n of_o england_n without_o any_o warrant_n or_o writ_n to_o the_o say_a court_n or_o to_o imprison_v their_o body_n or_o distrain_v their_o good_n that_o from_o thenceforth_o they_o shall_v not_o dare_v to_o attempt_v the_o like_a and_o he_o that_o make_v default_n in_o this_o or_o cause_v another_o to_o do_v so_o shall_v be_v commit_v to_o prison_n without_o bail_n or_o mainprize_n until_o he_o have_v beside_o damage_n and_o cost_v of_o suit_n pay_v ten_o pound_n to_o the_o party_n injure_v and_o twenty_o pound_n to_o the_o exchequer_n 6_o exchequer_n 43._o eliz._n c._n 6_o 4._o nor_o shall_v a_o man_n escape_v unpunished_a for_o move_v or_o begin_v every_o suit_n rash_o for_o in_o some_o case_n if_o the_o plaintiff_n upon_o the_o defendant_n appearance_n desist_v he_o shall_v pay_v cost_v 15._o cost_v 23_o h._n 8._o c._n 15._o as_o informer_n upon_o penal_a statute_n if_o after_o the_o suit_n begin_v they_o delay_v discontinue_v or_o be_v nonsuit_n in_o the_o same_o or_o have_v the_o trial_n or_o matter_n pass_v against_o they_o by_o verdict_n or_o judgement_n of_o law_n they_o shall_v pay_v unto_o the_o defendant_n his_o damage_n and_o cost_v which_o shall_v be_v assign_v he_o by_o the_o court._n 5._o court._n 18._o eliz._n c._n 5._o 5._o so_o also_o they_o who_o indict_v or_o impeach_v any_o one_o under_o the_o pretence_n of_o any_o crime_n whereby_o their_o life_n credit_n or_o estate_n be_v in_o jeopardy_n be_v liable_a to_o a_o action_n of_o conspiracy_n 1._o conspiracy_n 33_o e._n 1._o sta._n 3._o 3_o h._n 7._o c._n 1._o which_o presume_v malice_n whereby_o they_o shall_v be_v compel_v to_o pay_v the_o full_a damage_n sustain_v by_o such_o accusation_n or_o eviction_n â—_o eviction_n f._n n._n b_o f._n 115._o â—_o and_o in_o some_o case_n they_o shall_v pay_v treble_a damage_n 10._o damage_n 8_o h._n 6._o c._n 10._o 6._o and_o i_o have_v hear_v from_o some_o practiser_n that_o if_o any_o one_o in_o forma_fw-la pauperis_fw-la procure_v a_o liberty_n of_o bring_v his_o action_n in_o the_o upper_a bench_n common_a plea_n or_o the_o chancery_n according_a to_o the_o statute_n 12._o statute_n 11._o h._n 7._o c._n 12._o and_o betray_v rather_o a_o spirit_n of_o contention_n in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o suit_n than_o a_o just_a cause_n that_o such_o person_n shall_v have_v corporal_a punishment_n 15._o punishment_n 23_o h._n 8._o c._n 15._o 7._o but_o our_o ancestor_n be_v wont_a to_o deter_v man_n from_o their_o light_n and_o rash_a suit_n by_o a_o oath_n for_o it_o be_v prohibit_v every_o one_o to_o bring_v any_o action_n of_o battery_n before_o the_o king_n justice_n unless_o it_o be_v for_o wound_n or_o maim_n without_o they_o first_o make_v oath_n that_o his_o plaint_n be_v true_a or_o a_o action_n of_o trespass_n for_o good_n take_v without_o make_v oath_n that_o the_o good_n take_v be_v worth_a forty_o shilling_n at_o the_o least_o 8._o least_o 6_o e._n 1._o c._n 8._o 8._o there_o be_v many_o statute_n make_v by_o the_o no_o less_o prudence_n than_o equity_n of_o former_a parliament_n 523._o parliament_n 32_o h._n 8._o c._n 30._o 18_o eliz._n c._n 14._o 27_o eliz_n c._n 5_o &_o 6._o blow_n 83._o 522_o 523._o for_o the_o speedy_a decide_n of_o suit_n which_o that_o they_o may_v be_v prefer_v before_o private_a end_n and_o profit_n be_v to_o be_v wish_v by_o all_o good_a man_n in_o regard_n rhey_n do_v principal_o recommend_v the_o truth_n of_o cause_n to_o the_o justistice_n reject_v all_o malicious_a calumny_n of_o those_o who_o be_v subtle_a and_o litigious_a and_o among_o these_o that_o be_v worthy_a to_o be_v number_v by_o which_o the_o craft_n and_o knavery_n of_o under-sheriff_n and_o their_o officer_n and_o bailiff_n be_v restrain_v 12_o restrain_v 27_o eliz._n c._n 12_o of_o the_o office_n and_o duty_n of_o a_o judge_n tit._n xvii_o our_o king_n be_v wont_v formert_o at_o their_o inauguration_n or_o coronation_n to_o take_v a_o oath_n to_o this_o effect_n viz._n that_o they_o will_v keep_v inviolate_a all_o the_o right_n and_o liberty_n of_o holy_a church_n which_o be_v grant_v unto_o she_o by_o the_o christian_a king_n of_o england_n that_o they_o will_v keep_v without_o impair_n or_o diminution_n all_o and_o singular_a the_o land_n and_o dignity_n appertain_v to_o the_o crown_n and_o endeavour_v with_o all_o their_o power_n the_o restitution_n of_o such_o as_o be_v impair_v or_o lose_v if_o any_o be_v that_o they_o will_v cherish_v the_o quiet_a and_o peace_n of_o the_o church_n clergy_n and_o people_n that_o they_o will_v keep_v and_o observe_v the_o ancient_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o be_v receive_v and_o establish_v by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o whole_a people_n and_o abrogate_v all_o such_o custom_n and_o law_n which_o be_v ill_a and_o naught_o and_o last_o that_o they_o will_v to_o the_o utmost_a of_o their_o power_n assure_v peace_n to_o the_o people_n of_o their_o kingdom_n and_o procure_v it_o from_o other_o 7._o other_o brac._n l._n 3._o tr_fw-la 1._o c._n 9_o n._n 2._o f._n n._n b_o 232._o a._n spec._n justice_n l._n 1._o c._n 1._o flet._n l._n 1._o c._n 7._o 1._o the_o oath_n of_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o superior_a court_n and_o of_o the_o baron_n of_o the_o eychequer_n be_v to_o this_o effect_n viz._n that_o they_o will_v well_o and_o true_o serve_v the_o king_n and_o his_o people_n and_o not_o consent_v to_o any_o thing_n which_o may_v tend_v to_o their_o prejudice_n or_o exheredation_n that_o they_o will_v not_o take_v fee_fw-mi nor_o robe_n of_o any_o man_n but_o the_o king_n that_o they_o will_v not_o take_v any_o gift_n of_o any_o one_o who_o cause_n be_v depend_v before_o they_o except_o meat_n and_o drink_n and_o that_o of_o a_o small_a value_n nor_o any_o thing_n for_o any_o cause_n after_o it_o be_v try_v 10._o try_v brac._n ib._n c._n 8_o n._n 2_o 3._o &_o n._n 9_o 10._o that_o they_o will_v not_o give_v counsel_n to_o any_o one_o in_o any_o case_n which_o concern_v the_o king_n under_o the_o pain_n of_o be_v at_o the_o king_n will_v as_o to_o body_n and_o good_n that_o they_o will_v not_o be_v deter_v by_o the_o king_n letter_n from_o do_v and_o administer_a justice_n to_o any_o one_o 10._o one_o brac._n ib._n c._n 8_o n._n 2_o 3._o &_o n._n 9_o 10._o 2._o this_o we_o have_v even_o from_o the_o very_a beginning_n 27_o beginning_n 2_o e._n 3._o c._n 8._o 20_o e._n 3._o c._n 1._o dier_n 138._o n._n 27_o unto_o this_o present_a that_o where_o any_o one_o be_v sue_v in_o case_n of_o property_n of_o a_o fee_n simple_n for_o land_n or_o tenement_n it_o be_v at_o his_o choice_n whether_o he_o will_v be_v try_v by_o his_o country_n or_o by_o battle_n if_o he_o prefer_v to_o be_v try_v by_o his_o country_n the_o business_n be_v determine_v by_o a_o grand_a assize_n but_o if_o by_o battle_n than_o a_o day_n be_v appoint_v 42._o appoint_v glan_n l._n 2._o c._n 6._o &_o 7._o brit._n c._n 42._o upon_o which_o the_o case_n be_v commit_v to_o two_o combatant_n who_o we_o call_v champion_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o single_a duel_n between_o who_o it_o be_v decide_v by_o the_o event_n 42._o event_n dierf_n 301._o n._n 40._o 41._o 42._o 3._o the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o the_o nation_n require_v also_o that_o all_o trial_n of_o private_a action_n except_o a_o few_o as_o to_o matter_n of_o fact_n 114._o fact_n plough_v 92._o 114._o shall_v be_v determine_v by_o a_o jury_n of_o twelve_o free_a and_o lawful_a man_n of_o the_o same_o vicinage_n who_o be_v neither_o ally_v to_o either_o party_n 7._o party_n dr._n stu._n l._n 1._o c._n 7._o or_o hinder_v by_o any_o just_a exception_n challenge_n exception_n dier_n 144._o n._n 59_o 176._o n._n 27._o 177._o n._n 33_o 316_o n._n 3._o bro._n tit._n challenge_n 4._o those_o who_o be_v indict_v for_o any_o capital_a crime_n or_o felony_n before_o a_o judge_n unless_o any_o question_n arise_v touch_v matter_n of_o law_n be_v not_o allow_v council_n yet_o the_o law_n require_v that_o the_o judge_n himself_o shall_v instruct_v the_o party_n in_o all_o thing_n appertain_v to_o the_o form_n of_o his_o defence_n lest_o a_o ignorant_a innocency_n endanger_v his_o life_n 63._o life_n fortesc_n c._n 27._o dr
house_n park_n warrens_n fishpool_n mill_n and_o all_o thing_n whatsoever_o appertain_v to_o the_o say_a land_n out_o of_o the_o proâ—â—ts_n of_o the_o say_a land_n and_o to_o â—ender_v to_o the_o heir_n when_o he_o shall_v come_v to_o age_n his_o say_a â—and_n free_a from_o all_o service_n of_o the_o plough_n â—t_a lest_o as_o free_a as_o he_o find_v it_o nor_o shall_v he_o â—ake_v any_o thing_n of_o the_o land_n of_o the_o heir_n as_o he_o â—eing_v under_o age_n more_o than_o the_o ordinary_a custom_n and_o reasonable_a service_n and_o thâ—s_v without_o destruction_n or_o waste_n either_o of_o man_n or_o good_n which_o if_o he_o shall_v do_v whether_o there_o â—o_o any_o prohibition_n precede_v or_o not_o he_o shall_v â—oose_v his_o ward_n and_o pay_v damage_n and_o deliâ—er_v up_o the_o land_n for_o his_o default_n to_o some_o discreet_a and_o lawful_a man_n of_o his_o fee_n or_o to_o the_o â—ext_n of_o kynn_n 5._o kynn_n bract._n l._n 2._o c._n 37._o n._n 3._o &_o l._n 4._o tr_fw-la 6._o c._n 19_o n._n 2._o mag._n char._n c._n 4._o &_o 5._o 2._o and_o it_o be_v true_a regular_o that_o no_o one_o â—â—all_v remain_v in_o the_o custody_n of_o he_o who_o may_v â—e_v suspect_v that_o he_o will_v lay_v claim_n to_o the_o inheritance_n whence_o it_o follow_v that_o if_o there_o â—e_v many_o daughter_n and_o heir_n in_o socage_n â—one_n of_o they_o shall_v be_v ward_n to_o the_o rest_n but_o â—hey_n shall_v remain_v in_o the_o custody_n of_o their_o next_o of_o kin_n who_o be_v ally_v to_o they_o in_o that_o line_n â—o_o which_o the_o inheritance_n can_v descend_v â—ut_v if_o they_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n they_o shall_v be_v all_o under_o the_o custody_n of_o another_o capital_a lord_n and_o not_o one_o alone_a under_o the_o guard_n of_o another_o lord_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o say_a suspicion_n until_o they_o come_v to_o perfect_a age_n 8._o age_n bract._n l._n 2._o c._n 37._o n._n 6._o &_o l._n 2._o c._n 5._o n._n 8._o 3._o a_o ward_n may_v prosecute_v a_o action_n of_o waste_n against_o his_o guardian_n and_o may_v constitute_v his_o attorney_n in_o the_o action_n h._n action_n f._n n._n b._n f._n 27._o h._n the_o end_n of_o the_o first_o book_n the_o second_o book_n of_o the_o institutes_n of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n of_o the_o division_n of_o thing_n and_o the_o gain_v a_o property_n in_o thing_n tit._n i._n we_o have_v speak_v before_o of_o the_o person_n and_o condition_n of_o man_n and_o person_n in_o law_n we_o be_v therefore_o now_o by_o consequence_n to_o treat_v of_o thing_n by_o divide_v and_o distinguish_v that_o they_o may_v the_o better_o be_v understand_v begin_v understand_v bract._n l._n 1._o c._n 12._o in_o the_o begin_v 1._o now_o the_o first_o division_n of_o thing_n be_v this_o that_o some_o be_v in_o patrimony_n and_o inheritance_n and_o some_o not_z those_o which_o be_v of_o or_o belong_v to_o our_o patrimony_n and_o both_o moveable_n and_o immovables_n which_o we_o have_v liberty_n to_o make_v use_n of_o according_a to_o our_o will_n 〈◊〉_d necessity_n right_n and_o service_n be_v not_o proper_o to_o be_v reckon_v among_o good_n but_o iâ—_n regard_v they_o be_v not_o extreneous_a they_o may_v the_o rather_o be_v account_v such_o 1._o such_o bract._n ib._n n._n 2._o flet._n l._n 3._o c._n 1._o 2._o those_o which_o be_v not_o appertain_v 〈◊〉_d our_o patrimony_n be_v thing_n sacred_a religioâ—â—_n and_o common_a 5._o common_a bract._n ib._n n._n 5._o 3._o by_o natural_a right_a these_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v esteem_v as_o common_a run_v water_n the_o air_n and_o sea_n and_o the_o sea_n shore_n as_o accessary_n for_o no_o one_o be_v prohibit_v come_v to_o the_o sea_n shore_n whilst_o he_o abstaine_v from_o building_n and_o village_n because_o by_o the_o law_n oâ—_n nation_n the_o shore_n be_v as_o common_a as_o the_o sea_n and_o therefore_o those_o building_n which_o shall_v be_v erect_v either_o in_o the_o sea_n or_o shore_n be_v the_o builder_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o in_o this_o case_n the_o soil_n follow_v the_o propriety_n oâ—_n the_o building_n although_o in_o other_o it_o be_v contrary_a the_o building_n give_v place_n and_o follow_v the_o propriety_n of_o the_o soil_n 5._o soil_n bract._n d._n l._n 2._o c._n 12._o n._n 5._o 4._o thing_n which_o be_v to_o be_v esteem_v public_a be_v river_n and_o port_n and_o therefore_o the_o right_n of_o fish_v use_v to_o be_v free_a to_o all_o as_o also_o the_o use_n of_o the_o bank_n be_v public_a as_o the_o river_n themselves_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n wherefore_o it_o be_v as_o free_a to_o every_o one_o to_o join_v ship_n and_o fasten_v they_o unto_o they_o to_o tie_v their_o cable_n or_o rope_n to_o the_o tree_n grow_v on_o they_o to_o lay_v any_o burden_n upon_o they_o as_o it_o be_v to_o sail_v or_o row_v in_o the_o river_n themselves_o but_o the_o property_n of_o they_o be_v they_o to_o who_o fee_n they_o adione_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n the_o â—rees_n which_o grow_v thereon_o be_v they_o likewise_o and_o this_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o those_o â—ivers_n which_o have_v a_o perpetual_a and_o continual_a course_n because_o those_o which_o be_v but_o temporary_a may_v be_v private_a 6._o private_a bract._n l._n 2._o c._n 12._o n._n 6._o but_o these_o which_o â—ere_z formerly_z the_o people_n and_o by_o our_o law_n transfer_v upon_o the_o supreme_a power_n as_o represent_v the_o person_n of_o all_o the_o people_n and_o consequent_o of_o the_o commonwealth_n itself_o fogassa_n itself_o plâ—w_n case_n reinyer_n &_o fogassa_n â—herefore_o at_o this_o day_n whosoever_o disburden_v 〈◊〉_d unlade_n his_o ship_n upon_o the_o bank_n of_o pubâ—â—ck_a river_n must_v pay_v custom_n hoc_fw-la nomine_fw-la to_o â—â—e_v supreme_a power_n or_o its_o depute_a officer_n 14_o officer_n 3_o h._n 7._o f._n 14_o nor_o can_v any_o man_n fish_n in_o public_a river_n without_o licence_n from_o the_o supreme_a power_n first_o â—btained_v h._n â—btained_v f._n b._n f_o 88_o h._n 5_o where_o note_v the_o difference_n between_o public_a and_o common_a public_a be_v take_v for_o â—or_a those_o thing_n which_o be_v the_o people_n general_o viz._n which_o be_v for_o the_o use_n of_o man_n â—nly_o but_o those_o be_v common_a which_o be_v for_o â—he_n use_v of_o all_o creature_n 1._o creature_n bract._n ib._n â—â—_o 6._o brit._n c._n 33._o flet._n l._n 3._o c._n 1._o 6._o those_o thing_n be_v say_v universal_a and_o â—elong_a to_o the_o generality_n not_o to_o particular_a person_n which_o be_v in_o city_n theatre_n raâ—es_n and_o the_o like_a which_o be_v common_a in_o city_n and_o be_v for_o the_o use_n and_o in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o generality_n but_o of_o thing_n which_o belong_v and_o appertain_v to_o the_o generality_n some_o be_v term_v venalia_fw-la not_o from_o the_o use_n but_o the_o power_n under_o which_o they_o be_v and_o profit_n as_o the_o land_n and_o servant_n of_o city_n so_o that_o they_o can_v be_v call_v any_o once_o particular_o ib._n particular_o bract._n ib._n brit_n ib._n flet._n ib._n some_o thing_n there_o be_v which_o may_v many_o way_n be_v say_v not_o to_o be_v the_o good_n of_o any_o one_o as_o first_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n wild_a beast_n bird_n fish_n and_o men._n next_o by_o judgement_n as_o thing_n sacred_a religious_a and_o holy_a theâ—â—_n by_o accident_n as_o a_o inheritance_n lie_v before_o it_o be_v enter_v upon_o or_o appropriate_v and_o 〈◊〉_d wreck_n by_o will_n as_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v leave_v and_o forsake_v and_o by_o process_n of_o time_n as_o treasure_n 1._o treasure_n bract._n ib._n n._n 10._o &_o l._n 3._o tr_fw-la 2_o c._n 3._o n._n 4_o 5_o 6._o d_o &_o stu._n f._n 157._o brit._n c._n 33._o flet._n l._n 1._o c._n 43_o 44_o &_o 47._o &_o l._n 3._o c._n 1._o but_o by_o our_o law_n wreck_n thing_n that_o be_v leave_v and_o forsake_v and_o treasure_n belong_v to_o the_o public_a exchequer_n 11._o exchequer_n kitch_n f._n 12_o f._n 30._o f._n 40._o stat_n de_fw-fr prerog_n reg._n c._n 11._o 8._o thing_n sacred_a be_v those_o which_o be_v due_o set_v apart_o by_o the_o clergy_n for_o god_n service_n as_o church_n and_o gift_n due_o dedicate_v for_o holy_a use_n as_o chaliees_fw-fr etc._n etc._n which_o be_v forbid_v to_o be_v alienate_v except_o for_o the_o redemption_n of_o captive_n also_o church_n yard_n and_o chapel_n be_v and_o although_o structure_n happen_v to_o be_v dimolish_v notwithstanding_o the_o ground_n remain_v sacred_a still_o now_o sacruâ—_n differ_v from_o sacrarium_fw-la sacrarium_fw-la signify_v only_o a_o place_n where_o holy_a thing_n be_v lay_v 33._o lay_v bract._n ib._n n._n 9_o &_o l._n 2._o c._n 27._o n._n 2._o etc._n etc._n 5._o n._n 7._o brit._n c._n 33._o and_o beside_o all_o these_o the_o king_n high_a way_n
the_o institutes_n of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n digest_v into_o the_o method_n of_o the_o civil_a or_o imperial_a institution_n useful_a for_o all_o gentleman_n who_o be_v studious_a and_o desire_v to_o understand_v the_o custom_n of_o this_o nation_n write_a in_o latin_a by_o john_n cowel_n doctor_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o regius_n professor_n in_o the_o university_n of_o cambridge_n and_o translate_v into_o english_a according_a to_o act_n of_o parliament_n for_o the_o benefit_n of_o all._n by_o w._n g._n esquire_n london_n print_v by_o tho_n roycroft_n for_o jo_n ridley_n at_o the_o castle_n in_o fleet_n street_n by_o ram_n alley_n 1651._o the_o preface_n the_o eminency_n of_o our_o author_n be_v so_o well_o know_v to_o this_o present_a age_n that_o it_o be_v to_o little_a purpose_n for_o i_o to_o imagine_v that_o what_o i_o be_o able_a to_o say_v will_v add_v any_o thing_n to_o â—is_n glory_n only_o this_o his_o too_o much_o cry_v up_o parliament_n privilege_n render_v he_o not_o so_o much_o a_o favourite_n of_o those_o former_a time_n as_o his_o worth_n merit_v â—or_a his_o book_n so_o vendible_a as_o they_o have_v â—â—en_o since_o these_o late_a change_n in_o england_n and_o therefore_o though_o this_o treatise_n be_v of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n sinâ—â—_n himself_o be_v so_o good_a a_o common_a wealth_n man_n i_o hope_v for_o the_o author_n sake_n it_o wiâ—â—_n find_v no_o less_o acceptance_n in_o â—he_n englisâ—_n world_n then_o if_o he_o have_v live_v to_o maintain_v what_o he_o in_o that_o age_n dare_v avow_v and_o thereby_o appear_v in_o his_o own_o natural_a and_o proper_a colour_n if_o in_o anth_v i_o have_v err_v in_o this_o translation_n charity_n can_v pardon_v i_o especial_o when_o i_o shall_v affirm_v that_o this_o be_v work_n of_o charity_n in_o myself_o as_o i_o conceive_v not_o to_o let_v so_o choice_n a_o methoâ—_n of_o our_o english_a law_n lie_v obscure_v in_o a_o language_n which_o i_o know_v many_o of_o this_o nation_n who_o be_v wellwiller_n to_o the_o law_n can_v not_o understand_v and_o to_o those_o only_a it_o be_v intend_v and_o if_o it_o happen_v into_o any_o other_o hand_n especial_o into_o such_o as_o hate_v the_o profession_n of_o the_o law_n i_o do_v no_o â—â—re_o regard_v their_o censure_n than_o they_o do_v the_o law_n precept_n which_o our_o author_n teâ—â—_n we_o be_v to_o live_v honest_o to_o do_v no_o injury_n to_o any_o one_o and_o to_o render_v every_o one_o their_o due_a farewell_n a_o table_n of_o the_o general_a head_n contain_v in_o this_o treatise_n of_o justice_z and_o law_n fol._n 1_o of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n and_o the_o law_n civil_a 2_o of_o the_o right_n of_o person_n 7_o of_o free-burn_a 11_o of_o such_o as_o be_v make_v free_a 12_o in_o what_o cause_v manumission_n can_v be_v 14_o of_o the_o take_n away_o the_o law_n which_o be_v call_v lex_fw-la fusia_fw-la caninia_fw-la 14_o of_o those_o which_o be_v in_o their_o own_o and_o those_o which_o be_v under_o the_o power_n of_o other_o 15_o of_o paternal_a jurisdiction_n 16_o of_o marriage_n 19_o of_o adoption_n 27_o how_n and_o by_o what_o mean_v paternal_a jurisdiction_n be_v dissolve_v 28_o of_o ward-ship_n 30_o who_o they_o be_v that_o by_o test_n may_v appear_v guardian_n 31_o of_o lawful_a guardian-ship_n of_o kindred_n 32_o of_o disfranchisement_n or_o diminutio_fw-la capitis_fw-la 34_o of_o the_o lawful_a guardian-ship_n of_o lord_n or_o patron_n 36_o of_o the_o legal_a guardianship_n of_o parent_n 40_o of_o fiduciary_a guardianship_n 40_o of_o the_o attilian_a tutor-ship_n which_o be_v appoint_v by_o the_o lex_fw-la julia_n titia_fw-la 41_o of_o the_o authority_n of_o tutor_n and_o guardian_n 43_o by_o what_o mean_v wardship_n expire_v 45_o of_o tutor_n or_o overseer_n 46_o of_o the_o security_n which_o be_v to_o be_v give_v by_o guard_n 49_o of_o the_o excuse_n of_o guardian_n 50_o of_o guardian_n which_o may_v fall_v under_o suspicion_n 50_o of_o the_o division_n of_o thing_n and_o the_o gain_v a_o property_n in_o thing_n 53_o of_o thing_n corporeal_a and_o incorporeal_a 71_o of_o the_o service_n which_o inheritance_n be_v bind_v unto_o 81_o of_o use_v and_o profit_v 97_o of_o use_n and_o habitation_n 100_o of_o custom_n and_o prescription_n ibid._n of_o gift_n 105_o what_o person_n may_v alienate_v and_o what_o not_o 114_o by_o what_o person_n we_o may_v make_v acquisition_n or_o gain_n to_o ourselves_o 116_o of_o ordain_v last_a will_n and_o testament_n 117_o of_o the_o military_a testament_n 122_o who_o they_o be_v that_o may_v make_v a_o will_n ibid._n of_o the_o disinherit_n of_o child_n 126_o of_o the_o institute_n of_o heir_n 128_o of_o the_o ordinary_a substitution_n 130_o of_o pupillary_a substitution_n 131_o how_o will_n be_v invalidate_v 132_o of_o those_o will_n which_o be_v call_v by_o the_o civilian_n testamenta_fw-la inofficiosa_fw-la 134_o of_o the_o quality_n and_o difference_n of_o heir_n 135_o of_o devise_n 136_o of_o take_v away_o or_o translate_n devise_n 147_o of_o that_o law_n which_o the_o roman_n call_v lex_fw-la falcidia_fw-la 148_o of_o those_o trustee_n which_o the_o roman_n call_v fidei_fw-la commissarij_fw-la haeredes_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la sanatusconsultum_fw-la trebellianum_fw-la 152_o of_o thing_n leave_v per_fw-la fidei_fw-la commissum_fw-la ibid._n of_o codicill_n 153_o of_o inheritance_n which_o be_v convey_v from_o such_o as_o die_v even_o intestate_a 154_o of_o the_o legal_a succession_n on_o the_o father_n sidc_n 157_o of_o the_o tertullian_n decree_n 159_o of_o the_o orphitian_n decree_n 160_o of_o the_o succession_n of_o cousin_n by_o the_o mother_n side_n ibid._n of_o the_o degree_n of_o consanguinity_n 161_o of_o the_o consanguinity_n of_o those_o who_o be_v servile_a 162_o of_o the_o succession_n of_o such_o as_o be_v make_v free_a ibid._n of_o the_o assignation_n of_o such_o as_o be_v make_v free_a 163_o of_o the_o possession_n of_o good_n ibid._n of_o acquire_v by_o adrogation_n or_o adoption_n 164_o of_o he_o to_o who_o good_n be_v grant_v for_o liberty_n 165_o of_o succession_n which_o be_v among_o the_o roman_n by_o the_o sale_n of_o good_n according_a to_o the_o claudian_a decree_n ib._n of_o obligation_n 166_o how_o a_o obligation_n be_v contract_v by_o a_o thing_n do_v 167_o of_o obligation_n by_o word_n 169_o of_o the_o two_o party_n in_o a_o covenant_n &_o promise_n 171_o of_o the_o covenant_n of_o servant_n 172_o the_o division_n of_o covenant_n ibid._n of_o void_a and_o unprofitable_a covenant_n ibid._n of_o surety_n or_o pledge_n 177_o of_o obligation_n by_o writing_n 178_o of_o obligation_n make_v by_o consent_n 182_o of_o bargain_n and_o sale_n 183_o of_o let_v and_o hire_v 187_o of_o partner_n and_o fellowship_n 195_o of_o commandment_n and_o attornment_n 202_o of_o obligat_n which_o arise_v from_o employ_v contract_n 203_o by_o what_o person_n a_o oblige_v be_v acquire_v unto_o we_o 205_o by_o what_o mean_v a_o obligation_n be_v take_v off_o 206_o of_o obligation_n arise_v from_o crime_n 209_o of_o thing_n take_v by_o force_n 211_o of_o the_o aquilian_a law_n 213_o of_o trespass_n and_o injury_n 215_o of_o obligation_n which_o arise_v from_o impute_a crime_n 217_o of_o action_n 218_o what_o be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o contract_n make_v by_o he_o who_o be_v under_o the_o power_n of_o another_o 227_o of_o those_o action_n which_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n lie_v against_o the_o lord_n for_o a_o offence_n or_o crime_n do_v by_o his_o servant_n or_o cattle_n 229_o whether_o a_o fourfooted_a beast_n may_v be_v say_v to_o commit_v a_o trespass_n or_o not_o 230_o of_o those_o by_o who_o we_o may_v sue_v 231_o of_o give_v of_o pledge_n or_o security_n 232_o of_o perpetual_a and_o temporal_a action_n which_o discend_v to_o heir_n and_o against_o heir_n 238_o of_o plea_n and_o exception_n 240_o of_o replication_n 243_o of_o prohibition_n 244_o of_o the_o penalty_n of_o those_o who_o be_v rasble_o litigious_a 245_o of_o the_o office_n and_o duty_n of_o a_o judge_n 249_o of_o public_a judgement_n 254_o the_o first_o book_n of_o the_o institutes_n of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n of_o justice_n and_o law_n tit._n i._n justice_n be_v a_o constant_a and_o perpetual_a will_n of_o render_v unto_o every_o one_o their_o due_a 1._o due_a bract._n l._n 1._o c._n 4._o num_fw-la 2._o flâ—t._n l._n 4._o c._n 1._o 1._o the_o knowledge_n or_o learning_n of_o the_o law_n be_v a_o knowledge_n of_o thing_n both_o divine_a and_o humane_a and_o a_o science_n distinguish_v what_o be_v just_a what_o unjust_a 4._o unjust_a bract._n l._n cod_n num_fw-la 4._o 2._o the_o precept_n of_o the_o law_n be_v these_o to_o live_v honest_o to_o do_v no_o injury_n to_o any_o one_o and_o to_o render_v every_o one_o their_o due_a 6._o due_a id._n cod_n nu_fw-la 6._o 3._o the_o law_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v either_o
general_a custom_n be_v that_o which_o be_v observe_v through_o the_o whole_a realm_n and_o be_v more_o proper_o term_v by_o we_o a_o common_a right_n 5._o right_n bract._n l._n 1._o c._n 1._o nu_fw-la 2._o etc._n etc._n 3._o num_fw-la 5._o a_o particular_a be_v that_o which_o be_v in_o force_n in_o divers_a particular_a county_n city_n burrough_n village_n and_o manor_n 102_o manor_n cook_n l._n 4._o fol._n 78._o doct._n stu._n l._n 1._o c._n 8._o &_o 10._o n._n l._n entr._n tit_n custom_n kitch_n c._n custom_n fol._n 102_o the_o public_a judicatory_n also_o of_o england_n have_v their_o custom_n likewise_o which_o be_v observe_v as_o strict_o as_o law_n 93._o law_n cook_n l._n 2._o fol._n 16._o &_o 17._o l._n 4._o f._n 23_o 24._o &_o stu._n c._n f._n 93._o but_o any_o custom_n which_o be_v repugnant_a either_o to_o law_n or_o reason_n be_v to_o be_v abolish_v 400._o abolish_v blow_n fol._n 400._o 8._o natural_a law_n or_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v immutable_a 4._o immutable_a blow_n 88_o elet_n l._n 1._o c._n 4._o but_o the_o law_n of_o england_n may_v by_o the_o consent_n of_o those_o by_o who_o advice_n it_o be_v first_o ordain_v to_o be_v alter_v 7._o alter_v bract._n l._n 1_o c._n 2._o num_fw-la 7._o yet_o so_o as_o it_o do_v neither_o oppugn_v reason_n or_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n 9_o now_o that_o law_n concern_v which_o we_o shall_v treat_v at_o present_a belong_v only_o to_o person_n thing_n or_o action_n according_a to_o the_o right_n and_o custom_n of_o england_n and_o because_o person_n be_v the_o most_o worthy_a as_o for_o who_o sake_n all_o law_n be_v ordain_v therefore_o we_o discourse_v first_o of_o they_o and_o of_o their_o state_n and_o 3._o doct._n stu._n l._n 1._o c._n 19_o special_a justice_n l._n 3._o condition_n which_o be_v various_a and_o diverse_a 1._o diverse_a bract._n l_o 1._o c._n 6_o flet._n l._n 1._o c._n 1._o of_o the_o right_n of_o person_n tit._n iii_o the_o first_o and_o short_a division_n of_o person_n be_v this_o that_o all_o man_n be_v either_o free_a or_o servant_n 1._o servant_n bract._n l._n 1._o c._n 6._o flet._n l._n 1._o c._n 1._o 1._o now_o liberty_n be_v a_o natural_a faculty_n in_o every_o one_o to_o do_v what_o seem_v good_a to_o they_o so_o it_o be_v neither_o against_o law_n or_o authority_n 4._o authority_n bract._n eod_a nu_fw-la 2._o &_o l._n 2._o c._n 19_o num_fw-la 4._o or_o it_o may_v be_v define_v a_o evacuation_n of_o servitude_n because_o it_o be_v direct_o contrary_a unto_o it_o 2._o it_o fl._n l._n 1._o c._n 2._o 2._o servitude_n be_v a_o constitution_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n by_o which_o contrary_a to_o nature_n one_o be_v subject_v to_o another_o power_n and_o it_o be_v so_o call_v from_o servando_fw-la and_o not_o serviendo_fw-la for_o ancient_o prince_n use_v to_o sell_v their_o slave_n and_o for_o that_o cause_n they_o do_v reserve_v rather_o than_o kill_v they_o 77._o they_o brit._n f._n 77._o wherefore_o when_o they_o be_v afterward_o set_v at_o liberty_n they_o be_v call_v manumissi_fw-la as_o be_v deliver_v out_o of_o the_o hand_n 3._o hand_n bract._n eod_a num_fw-la 3._o brit._n c._n 31._o spe._n just_a c._n 2._o flet._n l._n 1._o c._n 3._o 3._o servant_n be_v either_o those_o which_o be_v bear_v so_o or_o make_v so_o those_o which_o be_v bear_v so_o come_v from_o native_n father_n and_o mother_n whether_o they_o be_v marry_v or_o not_o which_o be_v true_a both_o in_o native_n and_o they_o which_o be_v free_a 11._o free_a lit._n l._n 2._o c._n 11._o whether_o they_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o their_o lord_n or_o out_o of_o his_o power_n also_o that_o be_v a_o servant_n who_o mother_n be_v a_o native_a be_v not_o marry_v notwithstanding_o that_o the_o father_n be_v free_a because_o in_o that_o case_n as_o a_o common_a conception_n it_o follow_v the_o condition_n of_o the_o mother_n 2._o mother_n bract._n eod_a n._n 4._o brit._n d._n c._n 31._o flet._n l._n 1._o c._n 3._o spec._n just_o d._n c._n 2._o and_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o issue_n of_o a_o free_a woman_n illegitimate_a though_o beget_v by_o a_o servant_n and_o it_o be_v bear_v free_a because_o in_o our_o law_n it_o be_v repute_v nullius_fw-la filius_fw-la 34._o filius_fw-la bract._n l._n 1._o c._n 6._o instit_fw-la jâ—r_n come_v c_o 34._o those_o which_o be_v servant_n bear_v we_o term_v servant_n by_o prescription_n as_o those_o also_o may_v happy_o be_v call_v free_a by_o prescription_n who_o have_v gain_v their_o freedom_n through_o the_o negligence_n of_o their_o lord_n 23._o lord_n bract._n l._n 1._o c._n 10._o n._n 13._o fl._n l._n 1._o c._n 7._o &_o l._n 4._o c._n 11._o dyer_n fol._n 60_o n_o 23._o 4._o those_o which_o we_o call_v native_n be_v almost_o the_o same_o with_o those_o who_o the_o roman_n call_v adscriptim_fw-la gleba_fw-la namely_o those_o which_o serve_v the_o land_n together_o with_o their_o lord_n and_o be_v mancipate_v and_o alien_v with_o their_o estate_n 6._o estate_n bract._n l._n 1._o c._n 6._o these_o we_o term_v villain_n regardant_n 2._o regardant_n littl._n l._n 2._o c._n 11._o brit._n c._n 66._o fol._n 165._o b._n bra._n l._n 1._o c._n 11._o n._n 1._o 2._o spec._n just_o l._n 2._o because_o they_o do_v villis_fw-la inservire_fw-la of_o who_o the_o ancient_a writer_n of_o our_o law_n speak_v thus_o a_o native_a servant_n be_v such_o a_o one_o who_o be_v beget_v by_o a_o free_a man_n of_o a_o woman_n who_o be_v a_o villain_n and_o life_n in_o a_o villainage_n whether_o they_o be_v marry_v or_o not_o but_o at_o this_o day_n the_o issue_n which_o be_v beget_v by_o a_o free_a man_n of_o a_o native_a be_v free_a g._n free_a f._n w._n fol._n 78._o g._n 5._o and_o so_o on_o the_o contrary_a if_o a_o villain_n go_v in_o unto_o a_o free_a woman_n the_o issue_n shall_v be_v free_a but_o if_o it_o be_v beget_v between_o the_o villain_n of_o several_a lord_n than_o it_o be_v material_a to_o observe_v in_o who_o villainage_n it_o be_v bear_v and_o who_o it_o ought_v to_o follow_v whether_o father_n or_o mother_n according_a as_o they_o be_v either_o marry_v or_o unmarried_a or_o according_a as_o they_o be_v either_o within_o or_o from_o under_o the_o power_n of_o their_o lord_n also_o if_o it_o be_v the_o issue_n of_o a_o freeman_n and_o a_o single_a woman_n a_o villain_n the_o issue_n shall_v be_v native_a because_o it_o follow_v the_o condition_n of_o the_o mother_n but_o if_o of_o a_o she_o villain_n and_o a_o freeman_n marry_v out_o of_o the_o villinage_n and_o in_o libero_fw-la thoro_n it_o shall_v be_v repute_v free_a and_o see_v of_o a_o freewoman_n and_o freeman_n 3._o freeman_n bract._n l._n 1._o c._n 6._o n._n 4._o brit._n c._n 31._o fl._n l._n 1._o c._n 3._o 6._o those_o which_o be_v make_v servant_n be_v make_v so_o by_o captivity_n from_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n for_o when_o war_n begin_v captivity_n follow_v a_o freeman_n may_v also_o be_v make_v a_o villain_n by_o law_n namely_o by_o his_o own_o confession_n and_o acknowledgement_n make_v in_o one_o of_o the_o court_n the_o former_o the_o king_n court_n superior_a court_n 11._o court_n bract._n l._n 1._o c._n 6._o n._n 4._o brit._n c._n 31._o &_o 43._o fle._n l._n 1._o c._n 3_o 5._o lit._n l._n 2._o c._n 11._o a_o freeman_n may_v also_o become_v a_o villain_n according_a to_o the_o ancient_n 6._o ancient_n bract._n l._n 1._o c._n 6._o if_o be_v once_o manumiss_a he_o shall_v happen_v to_o be_v call_v back_o again_o for_o his_o ingratitude_n into_o servitude_n but_o this_o by_o the_o mean_n be_v uncontradict_v 46._o uncontradict_v fort._n c._n 46._o also_o a_o freeman_n may_v be_v make_v a_o villain_n if_o at_o first_o be_v make_v either_o clerk_n or_o monk_n he_o shall_v afterward_o return_v to_o a_o secular_a life_n because_o such_o a_o one_o ought_v to_o be_v restore_v to_o his_o lord_n 3._o lord_n brac._n l._n 1._o c._n 6._o n._n 4._o flet._n l._n 1._o c._n 3._o those_o which_o be_v make_v villain_n be_v call_v villain_n in_o gross_a because_o they_o be_v of_o themselves_o without_o be_v appendant_a to_o any_o estate_n 11_o estate_n lit._n l._n 2._o c._n 11_o but_o all_o that_o be_v villain_n in_o gross_a be_v not_o servant_n make_v because_o there_o may_v be_v villain_n issue_n between_o those_o which_o be_v our_o captive_n or_o by_o any_o other_o of_o this_o way_n become_v servant_n which_o we_o soon_o as_o bear_v like_o the_o issue_n of_o native_n fall_v immediate_o into_o the_o power_n of_o the_o lord_n 7._o a_o freewoman_n be_v not_o make_v a_o villain_n by_o marry_v with_o a_o villain_n and_o this_o be_v in_o favour_n of_o liberty_n against_o the_o common_a rule_n of_o our_o law_n which_o speak_v the_o wife_n to_o be_v the_o same_o flesh_n
by_o right_a of_o inheritance_n but_o if_o tenant_n in_o socage_n die_v the_o next_o heir_n whether_o son_n or_o daughter_n if_o a_o infant_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o custody_n of_o the_o next_o of_o kin_n on_o that_o side_n to_o who_o the_o inheritance_n can_v descend_v for_o example_n sake_n if_o the_o estate_n come_v by_o the_o father_n side_n than_o the_o mother_n or_o if_o she_o be_v dead_a the_o next_o of_o kin_n on_o her_o side_n shall_v have_v the_o custody_n of_o the_o infant_n if_o by_o the_o mother_n side_n than_o the_o next_o of_o kin_n on_o the_o father_n side_n 295._o side_n glan_n l._n 7._o c._n 11._o lit._n l._n 2._o c._n 5._o bract._n l._n 2._o c._n 77._o n._n 6._o 52_o h._n 3._o c._n 17._o broo._n tit_n guar._n &_o prochein_o be_fw-mi 11_o 12_o 13._o plough_v 295._o and_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o law_n because_o the_o infant_n may_v be_v in_o less_o danger_n in_o their_o hand_n to_o who_o their_o death_n be_v least_o advantageous_a 45._o advantageous_a fort._n c._n 44._o &_o 45._o so_o that_o none_o that_o be_v a_o coparcener_n in_o socage_n ought_v to_o be_v in_o the_o guard_n or_o custody_n of_o her_o coparcener_n or_o her_o husband_n but_o of_o some_o of_o her_o parent_n and_o if_o any_o one_o shall_v buy_v the_o guard_n of_o the_o land_n or_o the_o marriage_n of_o the_o daughter_n and_o shall_v take_v any_o of_o they_o to_o wife_n he_o be_v present_o suspect_v and_o shall_v by_o the_o law_n loose_v the_o guard_n of_o the_o body_n and_o the_o marriage_n of_o the_o rest_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o suspicion_n 9_o suspicion_n fle._n l._n 1._o c._n 9_o 1._o but_o if_o two_o brother_n purchase_n land_n 〈◊〉_d they_o their_o heir_n the_o elder_a if_o at_o age_n â—ay_v have_v the_o guard_n of_o the_o young_a be_v 〈◊〉_d infant_n provide_v they_o be_v both_o legitimate_a 92._o legitimate_a brit._n c._n 35._o fol._n 92._o 2._o and_o these_o heir_n according_a to_o the_o â—â—cients_n go_v out_o of_o wardship_n at_o fifteen_o year_n 〈◊〉_d age_n 11._o age_n glan_n l._n 7._o c._n 9_o bract._n l._n 2._o c._n 36._o n_o 2._o flet._n l._n 1._o c._n 11._o but_o according_a to_o the_o modern_a â—â—actise_n at_o fourteen_o 118._o fourteen_o lit._n l._n 2._o c._n 5_o doct._n &_o stu._n c._n 7_o fol._n 141._o f._n b._n 118._o in_o regard_n the_o law_n â—â—pposeth_v that_o at_o this_o age_n they_o be_v able_a to_o perform_v those_o thing_n which_o belong_v to_o husbandry_n but_o tenant_n by_o the_o custom_n call_v â—avelkinde_a be_v sixteen_o year_n old_a complete_a may_v alien_a their_o land_n by_o feostment_n â—â—thout_v licence_n from_o their_o guardian_n 50._o guardian_n dyer_n foe_n 301._o n._n 41._o fitzh_n custom_n 11._o brook_z ibid._n 50._o 3._o so_o also_o tenant_n in_o burgage_n who_o be_v infant_n their_o father_n or_o ancestor_n be_v dead_a 〈◊〉_d commit_v for_o the_o same_o reason_n which_o â—enant_n in_o socage_n be_v to_o the_o custody_n of_o â—â—eir_n kindred_n from_o whence_o they_o be_v free_v 〈◊〉_d soon_o as_o they_o shall_v be_v able_a discreet_o to_o â—unt_v money_n and_o measure_n cloth_n and_o perform_v other_o such_o like_a business_n but_o in_o this_o â—â—se_n the_o certain_a time_n be_v not_o define_v but_o be_v adjudge_v by_o the_o discretion_n and_o maturity_n of_o the_o â—eires_n 11._o â—eires_n bract_v ubi_fw-la sup_v flet._n l._n 1._o c._n 11._o 4._o a_o woman_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v of_o perfect_a â—ge_n in_o socage_n in_o all_o case_n so_o soon_o as_o she_o be_v aâ—e_a to_o know_v how_o to_o dispose_v of_o her_o house_n and_o 〈◊〉_d do_v those_o thing_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o disâ—â—sing_n and_o order_v her_o family_n and_o be_v able_a 〈◊〉_d understand_v what_o appertain_v to_o cone_n and_o â—â—ey_n which_o can_v be_v before_o she_o be_v fourteen_o 〈◊〉_d fifteen_o year_n old_a because_o this_o age_n require_v â—â—der_a and_o judgement_n 2._o judgement_n bract._n l._n 2._o c._n 39_o n._n 2._o 5._o a_o female_a heir_n be_v according_a to_o somâ—_n ancient_a writer_n judge_v equal_a with_o a_o malâ—_n as_o for_o year_n according_a to_o the_o diversity_n â—…_n tenor_n viz._n that_o she_o shall_v have_v the_o samâ—_n age_n in_o burgage_n and_o socage_n as_o a_o male_a â—…_n wit_n fifteen_o year_n and_o in_o chivalry_n likewiâ—…_n as_o the_o male_a viz._n 21._o and_o that_o then_o â—…_n wardship_n shall_v end_v but_o according_a tâ—…_n other_o a_o woman_n be_v say_v to_o be_v at_o full_a age_n iâ—…_n chivalry_n at_o fifteen_o for_o than_o they_o say_v she_o able_a to_o order_v her_o house_n and_o to_o marry_v a_o huâ—…band_n who_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o perform_v servicâ—…_n for_o she_o 3._o she_o bract._n l._n 2._o c._n 37._o n._n 3._o but_o our_o modern_n define_v otherwise_o and_o here_o they_o put_v a_o difference_n whether_o she_o be_v fourteen_o year_n old_a at_o the_o death_n oâ—…_n her_o ancestor_n or_o not_o for_o if_o she_o be_v she_o dâ—…_n immediate_o receive_v the_o profit_n of_o her_o lanâ—…_n otherwise_o not_o till_o she_o come_v to_o sixteen_o 4._o sixteen_o instit_fw-la jur._n come_v c._n 24._o lit._n 2._o c._n 4._o 6._o guardian_n in_o socage_n shall_v give_v a_o account_v of_o his_o office_n to_o his_o ward_n when_o tâ—…_n wardship_n be_v out_o 12._o out_o lit._n l._n 2._o c._n f._n b._n 118_o 119_o 262._o flet._n l._n 1._o c._n 12._o but_o he_o may_v commit_v tâ—…_n custody_n of_o his_o ward_n to_o a_o stranger_n and_o hâ—…_n grant_v shall_v be_v good_a p._n good_a f._n b._n 143._o p._n of_o disfranchisement_n or_o deminutio_fw-la capitis_fw-la tit._n xvi_o that_o which_o the_o roman_n call_v deminâ—…_n coepitis_fw-la and_o divide_v into_o three_o kind_n 〈◊〉_d so_o distinguish_v by_o the_o english_a notwithstanding_o that_o we_o do_v tacit_o acknowledge_v it_o â—â—uble_v by_o our_o law_n that_o which_o they_o tearâ—â—ed_v the_o least_o we_o whole_o omit_v for_o those_o which_o 〈◊〉_d emancipate_v by_o their_o father_n do_v not_o â—â—ose_v the_o right_n of_o their_o former_a family_n but_o 〈◊〉_d they_o may_v at_o least_o make_v a_o partition_n 〈◊〉_d good_n and_o chattel_n be_v receive_v as_o to_o 〈◊〉_d successiion_n or_o inheritance_n of_o a_o intestate_a 〈◊〉_d those_o who_o be_v adopt_v by_o other_o have_v 〈◊〉_d right_n of_o their_o new_a faculty_n either_o â—â—on_n the_o sole_a agreement_n or_o the_o express_a courtesy_n of_o those_o by_o who_o they_o be_v adopt_v â—â—thout_n assistance_n of_o the_o law_n require_v or_o â—â—pected_v 17._o â—â—pected_v sup._n tit_n adopt_v 17._o 1._o those_o who_o be_v servi_n paenae_fw-la namely_o â—â—ose_v which_o have_v sentence_n for_o treason_n or_o â—â—lony_n loose_v all_o that_o can_v be_v lose_v not_o only_o â—â—eir_n freedom_n and_o liberty_n but_o even_o all_o â—â—at_n they_o have_v and_o their_o life_n also_o 44._o also_o stan._n placit_fw-la coro_n l._n 2._o &_o prerog_n c._n 44._o nor_o â—â—ve_v they_o other_o successor_n than_o the_o exchequer_n or_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o manor_n as_o we_o shall_v â—â—ew_n else_o where_o ju._n where_o see_v the_o 4._o book_n tit_n of_o pub._n ju._n and_o therefore_o we_o may_v â—â—th_o reason_n call_v this_o the_o great_a disfranâ—isement_n or_o capitis_fw-la diminutio_fw-la 2._o and_o although_o the_o ancient_a law_n which_o â—â—nished_v 16._o â—â—nished_v brac._n l._n 3._o tract_n 2._o c._n 16._o brit._n c._n 16._o those_o who_o take_v sanctuary_n for_o reason_n be_v abrogate_a 10._o abrogate_a 22_o h._n 8._o c._n 14._o &_o 36_o h._n 8._o c._n 13._o &_o 28_o h._n 8._o c._n 7._o &_o 32_o h._n 8._o c._n 12._o &_o 33_o h._n 8._o c._n 15._o 1_o e._n 6._o c._n 12._o &_o 2_o e._n 6._o c._n 2._o etc._n etc._n 33._o &_o 5_o e._n 6._o c._n 10._o yet_o at_o this_o day_n â—ere_z be_v certain_a crime_n which_o be_v punish_v â—â—th_v abjuration_n 2._o abjuration_n ch._n de_fw-fr forrest_n c._n 10._o &_o 13_o ed._n 1._o c._n 35._o &_o 25_o h._n 8._o c._n 14._o 35_o eliz._n c._n 2._o but_o those_o who_o undergo_v â—â—is_fw-la penalty_n seem_v to_o undergo_v the_o lesser_a disâ—anchisement_n or_o that_o which_o the_o roman_n â—â—lled_v medium_fw-la capitis_fw-la diminutionem_fw-la 3._o that_o which_o be_v term_v cognationis_fw-la jus_o 〈◊〉_d the_o lesser_a and_o more_o inferior_a capitis_fw-la diminutio_fw-la and_o seem_v to_o be_v whole_o take_v away_o with_o we_o for_o those_o who_o abjure_v the_o realâ—_n be_v whole_o thrust_v out_o of_o protection_n supra_fw-la protection_n bract._n &_o brit._n ut_fw-la supra_fw-la anâ—_n those_o who_o be_v out_o of_o the_o allegiance_n of_o the_o supreme_a power_n of_o england_n have_v nothing_o iâ—_n england_n 3._o england_n bract._n l._n 5._o c._n 23._o n._n 3._o of_o the_o lawful_a guardianship_n of_o lord_n or_o patron_n tit._n xvii_o our_o law_n do_v not_o decree_v any_o thiâ—â—_n that_o i_o know_v concern_v that_o patronâ—â—â—_n tutela_n which_o the_o roman_a law_n mention_n 〈◊〉_d we_o have_v another_o kind_n
absence_n of_o the_o owner_n and_o be_v either_o crand_n or_o petite_fw-fr according_o to_o the_o thing_n take_v grand_fw-fr be_v when_o the_o movable_a that_o be_v steal_v exceed_v the_o value_n of_o twelve_o penny_n petite_fw-fr be_v when_o it_o be_v under_o the_o value_n larc_n value_n westm_n l._n 2._o tit_n indictment_n s._n 58._o spec._n justice_n l._n 1._o c._n larc_n robbery_n be_v when_o it_o be_v take_v from_o the_o person_n or_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o owner_n 60._o owner_n west_n ib._n s._n 60._o 3._o every_o theft_n with_o we_o be_v a_o public_a crime_n for_o petite_fw-fr larceny_n though_o it_o be_v not_o punishable_a with_o death_n but_o with_o imprisonment_n and_o stripe_n be_v according_a to_o some_o account_v felony_n coron_n felony_n bro._n coron_n though_o other_o be_v of_o contrary_a judgement_n 15._o judgement_n stam._n pl._n coron_n l._n 1._o c._n 15._o wherefore_o we_o shall_v refer_v this_o â—ather_n to_o the_o order_n of_o public_a judgement_n 4._o yet_o we_o have_v think_v fit_a to_o observe_v here_o that_o it_o be_v in_o his_o choice_n who_o lose_v any_o thing_n by_o theft_n whether_o he_o will_v prosecute_v the_o party_n civil_o or_o criminal_o for_o dissemble_v the_o theft_n he_o may_v suppose_v the_o thief_n to_o have_v find_v the_o thing_n by_o accident_n and_o so_o detain_v it_o to_o himself_o and_o so_o recover_v the_o thing_n itself_o or_o its_o value_n 5._o value_n trover_n in_o book_n of_o entr._n brac._n l._n 5._o tr_fw-la 5._o c._n 31._o n._n 2._o flet._n l._n 1._o c._n 38._o dyer_n fol._n 50._o n._n 5._o but_o of_o criminal_a prosecution_n we_o shall_v speak_v hereafter_o of_o thing_n take_v by_o force_n tit._n ii_o the_o word_n trespass_n have_v a_o very_a large_a latitude_n and_o comprehend_v every_o violation_n of_o the_o law_n but_o our_o discreet_a lawyer_n call_v only_o private_a crime_n trespass_n and_o make_v distinction_n even_o among_o these_o for_o those_o who_o be_v accompany_v with_o force_n be_v trespass_n more_o proper_o 4._o proper_o f._n n._n b._n 85._o g._n fle._n l._n 4._o c._n 4._o yet_o they_o call_v other_o trespass_n likewise_o from_o the_o species_n of_o a_o unlawful_a act_n though_o not_o violent_a but_o accidental_a or_o to_o use_v their_o own_o word_n suâ—…_n casu_fw-la case_n casu_fw-la f._n n._n b._n foe_n 92._o e._n term_n v._o action_n sur_fw-fr le_fw-fr case_n whence_o the_o form_n of_o action_n in_o the_o first_o case_n have_v always_o these_o word_n vi_fw-la &_o armis_fw-la and_o in_o the_o second_o contra_fw-la paâ—…_n but_o the_o plaintiff_n may_v if_o he_o please_v dissemble_v the_o force_n as_o where_o he_o bring_v his_o action_n in_o the_o sheriff_n court_n who_o have_v no_o cognisance_n de_fw-fr vi_fw-la &_o armis_fw-la and_o though_o he_o feign_v a_o lesser_a trespass_n when_o real_o it_o be_v great_a yet_o he_o shall_v recover_v damage_n and_o this_o seem_v the_o reason_n why_o our_o writer_n do_v so_o often_o confound_v and_o treat_v promiscuous_o of_o these_o trespass_n which_o be_v of_o a_o different_a nature_n 92._o nature_n n._n boh_o entry_n tresp_n 85._o trespass_n sur_fw-fr le_fw-fr case_n 92._o now_o we_o have_v think_v it_o congruous_a enough_o to_o refer_v violent_a trespass_n to_o the_o title_n of_o thing_n take_v by_o force_n and_o the_o other_o to_o the_o two_o follow_a title_n for_o since_o the_o roman_a law_n make_v the_o subject_n of_o these_o trespass_n which_o our_o law_n of_o england_n divide_v only_o into_o two_o head_n if_o threefold_a lest_o it_o not_o seem_v strange_a that_o i_o refer_v some_o case_n which_o beside_o the_o force_n affix_v a_o contumely_n also_o upon_o the_o person_n injure_v to_o a_o three_o title_n 1._o now_o the_o action_n for_o good_n take_v by_o force_n or_o de_fw-fr vi_fw-mi &_o aâ—mâ—s_fw-la lie_v as_o well_o for_o thing_n take_v by_o force_n which_o be_v inanimate_a as_o cat_n plough_n etc._n etc._n as_o thing_n animate_v as_o ox_n sheep_n and_o those_o not_o only_o tame_v but_o wild_a also_o if_o they_o be_v in_o our_o custody_n and_o jurisdiction_n as_o coney_n which_o be_v in_o our_o warren_n k._n warren_n f._n n._n b._n 89._o k._n and_o pigeon_n in_o our_o columbary_n a._n columbary_n id._n 86_o a._n so_o also_o for_o our_o servant_n i._n servant_n id._n 88_o d._n i._n and_o for_o apprentice_n i._o apprentice_n id._n 91._o i._o for_o wife_n draw_v away_o with_o their_o husband_n good_n o._n good_n id._n 89._o o._n for_o the_o steal_v away_o of_o a_o son_n or_o a_o daughter_n who_o be_v a_o heir_n and_o marry_v they_o with_o any_o one_o without_o our_o consent_n h._n consent_n id._n 90._o h._n for_o quantity_n as_o many_o m._n many_o id._n 87._o m._n for_o good_n of_o felon_n take_v out_o of_o our_o liberty_n f._n liberty_n id._n 91._o f._n for_o weif_n and_o stray_v drive_v or_o carry_v out_o of_o our_o fe_n wrong_n fe_n id._n 91._o b._n new_a â—oo_o entr._n trespass_n bro._n tresp_n fulb._n wrong_n 2._o and_o this_o action_n be_v give_v for_o the_o repair_n the_o loss_n lustain_v &_o that_o not_o only_o against_o the_o party_n that_o do_v it_o but_o against_o those_o that_o command_v the_o do_v of_o it_o as_o in_o every_o trespass_n upon_o the_o case_n 9_o case_n dr._n stu._n l._n 1._o c._n 9_o but_o not_o against_o the_o executor_n of_o the_o trespassor_n 10._o trespassor_n id._n l._n 2._o c._n 10._o nor_o his_o heir_n 4._o heir_n brac._n l._n 3._o tr_fw-la 1._o c._n 4._o n._n 4._o because_o it_o be_v personal_a and_o penal_a of_o the_o aquilian_a law_n tit._n iii_o trespass_n upon_o the_o case_n be_v that_o which_o either_o bring_v damage_n to_o the_o person_n injure_v or_o disgrace_n and_o contumely_n with_o the_o damage_n and_o this_o the_o civilian_n comprehend_v under_o the_o title_n of_o the_o aquilian_a law_n be_v cause_n cain_n aquilius_n be_v the_o author_n be_v tribune_n of_o the_o people_n of_o this_o popular_a law_n by_o which_o these_o trespass_n be_v punish_v though_o they_o refer_v this_o to_o the_o title_n of_o injury_n 1._o now_o he_o who_o damnify_v the_o estate_n of_o condition_n of_o another_o commit_v a_o trespass_n upon_o the_o case_n as_o for_o example_n where_o a_o sheriff_n by_o a_o writ_n direct_v to_o he_o take_v a_o debtor_n and_o afterward_o let_v he_o escape_v c._n escape_v f._n n._n b._n foe_o 93._o a._n c._n or_o upon_o his_o return_n make_v false_a information_n to_o the_o court_n that_o the_o party_n have_v no_o land_n or_o any_o thing_n else_o in_o his_o bailiwick_n whereby_o he_o may_v be_v distrain_v and_o so_o become_v the_o occasion_n of_o the_o take_n of_o his_o body_n b._n body_n id._n ib_o b._n so_o also_o he_o who_o fix_v stake_n in_o any_o water_n whereby_o another_o ship_n or_o vessel_n lade_v with_o corn_n or_o other_o merchandise_n be_v overturn_v f_o overturn_v id._n 92_o f_o moreover_o a_o attorney_n or_o counsellor_n at_o law_n who_o through_o ignorance_n or_o deceit_n joose_v his_o client_n cause_n attorney_n cause_n bo_o entr._n action_n sur_fw-fr le_fw-fr case_n in_o attorney_n a_o barber_n who_o shave_v another_o beard_n ill_a or_o with_o a_o foul_a raisor_n barber_n raisor_n id_fw-la in_o barber_n a_o physician_n or_o chirurgeon_n who_o either_o ignorant_o or_o malicious_o handle_v a_o sick_a or_o wound_a person_n phisi_fw-la person_n id._n in_o phisi_fw-la a_o gaoler_n who_o use_v a_o prisoner_n more_o hardly_o than_o he_o ought_v 93._o ought_v f._n n._n b._n 93._o he_o who_o distrain_v the_o cattle_n of_o another_o plough_n where_o he_o may_v make_v other_o reasonable_a distress_n 86._o distress_n dier_n foe_fw-mi 312._o n._n 86._o or_o he_o who_o have_v just_o take_v another_o cattell_o by_o distress_n do_v not_o carry_v they_o to_o a_o open_a pound_n but_o to_o a_o place_n unknown_a the_o rectory_n of_o a_o church_n a_o fortress_n or_o into_o another_o county_n that_o they_o can_v be_v redeem_v or_o replevine_v by_o their_o owner_n 73._o owner_n f._n n._n b._n in_o the_o writ_n of_o repleg_n averâ—_n foe_o 68_o and_o the_o writ_n vetito_fw-la nannio_fw-la 73._o he_o who_o intervert_v the_o course_n of_o a_o river_n which_o shall_v drive_v a_o mill_n 38._o mill_n dier_n 248._o n._n 80._o and_o foe_fw-mi 320._o n._n 38._o a_o lessee_n or_o freeholder_n who_o commit_v waste_v 10._o waste_v id._n foe_o 36._o n._n 38._o and_o foe_fw-mi 256._o n._n 10._o but_o this_o be_v special_a in_o regard_n that_o by_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n he_o forfeit_v the_o thing_n waste_v 5._o waste_v 6_o e._n 1._o c._n 5._o but_o in_o regard_n the_o species_n which_o may_v be_v refer_v hither_o be_v infinite_a i_o shall_v rather_o remit_v you_o to_o those_o who_o be_v more_o large_a as_o treat_v express_o upon_o this_o subject_n then_o trouble_v you_o with_o too_o great_a a_o glut_n and_o multitude_n of_o example_n 40._o example_n boo._n entr._n 10._o action_n sur_fw-fr
19_o 193._o and_o those_o also_o which_o be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n 358_o nature_n id._n 157._o blow_n 357_o 358_o 11._o we_o may_v sue_v for_o a_o possession_n or_o for_o that_o which_o be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n whether_o they_o be_v lose_v by_o force_n or_o detain_v be_v commit_v voluntary_o to_o another_o against_o right_n in_o which_o the_o former_a case_n we_o may_v be_v relieve_v by_o â—â—its_n which_o we_o call_v assize_n 191._o assize_n f._n n._n b._n 177._o 179_o 181_o 183._o 134._o 88_o 190._o 191._o and_o those_o which_o be_v of_o the_o like_a nature_n 4._o nature_n 13._o ed._n 1._o c._n 25._o brac._n l._n 4._o 12._o and_o for_o the_o recovery_n of_o a_o possession_n which_o be_v voluntary_o deliver_v to_o another_o be_v unjust_o detain_v there_o be_v writ_n of_o entry_n of_o divers_a kind_n and_o other_o like_v they_o 7._o they_o f._n n._n b._n 201._o 205._o 206._o brac._n l._n 4._o tr_fw-la 7._o 13._o prejudicial_a action_n also_o be_v reckon_v â—mong_o real_a now_o those_o be_v term_v prejudicial_a which_o arise_v from_o incident_a and_o emergent_a question_n in_o which_o it_o be_v inquire_v whether_o one_o be_v bear_v free_a or_o not_o if_o not_o then_o whether_o he_o be_v actual_o free_a or_o a_o servant_n a_o son_n or_o not_o a_o son_n and_o if_o a_o son_n then_o whether_o legitimate_a or_o bastard_n &_o c_o 108._o c_o brac._n l._n 3._o tr_fw-la 1._o c._n 4._o n._n 9_o brit._n c._n 108._o and_o they_o be_v call_v prejudicial_a because_o they_o be_v judge_v and_o determine_v before_o the_o principal_a action_n ib._n action_n id._n ib._n 14._o action_n which_o be_v mix_v be_v as_o well_o against_o the_o thing_n as_o the_o person_n and_o so_o call_v because_o they_o have_v a_o mix_a cause_n relate_v to_o both_o as_o the_o divide_v a_o inheritance_n between_o coheir_n the_o set_n of_o bound_n among_o neighbour_n for_o if_o we_o respect_v the_o person_n they_o be_v both_o complainant_n and_o respondent_o although_o he_o be_v not_o proper_o say_v to_o be_v complainant_a who_o cite_v the_o other_o to_o come_v to_o judgement_n the_o writ_n which_o be_v proper_a in_o these_o case_n be_v these_o de_fw-fr partitione_n 61._o partitione_n f_o n_o b._n 61._o de_fw-fr rationabilibus_fw-la divisis_fw-la 121._o divisis_fw-la id._n 121._o de_fw-la perambulatione_fw-la facienda_fw-la 133._o facienda_fw-la id._n 133._o de_fw-la curia_fw-la claudenda_fw-la 127._o claudenda_fw-la id._n 127._o de_fw-la reparatione_fw-la facienda_fw-la ib._n facienda_fw-la id._n ib._n 15._o furthermore_o there_o be_v action_n which_o be_v give_v either_o sole_o as_o penal_a 5._o penal_a brac._n l._n 3._o tr_fw-la 1._o c._n 4._o n._n 5._o or_o as_o beneficial_a to_o both_o which_o some_o call_v civil_a criminal_a or_o mix_v release_v mix_v glan_n l._n 1._o c._n 1._o brac._n l._n 5._o tr_fw-la 5._o c._n 31._o littl._n c._n release_v 16._o those_o which_o relate_v mere_o to_o a_o particular_a thing_n be_v all_o those_o which_o grow_v from_o contract_n or_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n and_o claim_v nothing_o for_o wrongful_a detain_v or_o nomine_fw-la penae_fw-la as_o a_o punishment_n of_o the_o crime_n 1._o crime_n f._n n._n b._n foe_o 1._o and_o those_o be_v penal_a which_o be_v ordain_v for_o the_o prevent_n of_o misdemeanour_n of_o which_o sort_n be_v those_o popular_a action_n which_o be_v give_v to_o informer_n for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o exchequer_n and_o themselves_o against_o the_o breaker_n of_o statute_n 171._o statute_n id._n 171._o and_o those_o relate_v both_o to_o the_o thing_n and_o person_n which_o regard_v the_o thing_n as_o the_o principal_a cause_n and_o the_o person_n as_o to_o personal_a performance_n 5._o performance_n brac._n l._n 3._o tr_fw-la 1._o c._n 4._o n._n 5._o of_o this_o sort_n be_v a_o writ_n of_o assize_n which_o claim_v the_o thing_n as_o to_o restitution_n and_o yet_o be_v against_o the_o disseisor_n as_o to_o damage_n for_o the_o injury_n 4._o injury_n id._n l._n 4._o tr_fw-la 1_o c._n 6._o n._n 3._o 20_o h._n 3._o c._n 4._o and_o a_o writ_n of_o waste_n which_o require_v the_o thing_n waste_v and_o treble_a damage_n 5._o damage_n 6_o ed._n 1._o c._n 5._o 17._o there_o be_v also_o a_o three_o division_n of_o action_n for_o that_o some_o give_v bare_o the_o damage_n 6._o k_n brac._n l._n 3._o tr_fw-la 1._o c._n 4._o n._n 6._o sustain_v some_o double_a some_o treble_a and_o some_o tenfold_o 6._o tenfold_o brac._n l._n 3._o tr_fw-la 1._o c._n 4._o n_o 6._o those_o which_o give_v bare_o â—he_n damage_n sustain_v be_v all_o action_n of_o trespass_n trespass_n trespass_n new_a book_n of_o entry_n trespass_n those_o which_o give_v double_a damage_n as_o against_o such_o as_o make_v a_o assault_n against_o those_o who_o be_v call_v to_o the_o high_a court_n of_o parliament_n 11._o parliament_n 11._o h._n 6._o c._n 11._o and_o against_o he_o who_o prosecute_v any_o action_n in_o the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n which_o be_v not_o within_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o â—he_n court_n and_o last_o against_o those_o who_o â—et_o too_o high_a a_o rate_n upon_o victual_n 11._o victual_n 2._o h._n 4._o c._n 11._o treble_a damage_n be_v against_o those_o who_o unjust_o exâ—ct_v money_n for_o the_o probate_n of_o will_n and_o testament_n 6._o testament_n 23._o ed._n 3._o c._n 6._o or_o who_o cause_n riot_n 5._o riot_n 3._o &_o 4._o e._n 6._o c._n 5._o and_o tenfold_n the_o damage_n be_v recoverable_a against_o 〈◊〉_d juror_n who_o receive_v a_o bribe_n for_o bring_v in_o 〈◊〉_d verdict_n 2._o verdict_n ib._n &_o 1_o mar._n parl_n a._n 1._o c._n 2._o 18._o beside_o we_o have_v not_o unapt_o say_v some_o action_n to_o be_v bona_fw-la fidei_fw-la and_o some_o of_o â—rict_a right_n for_o though_o no_o such_o distinction_n 〈◊〉_d express_o find_v among_o our_o lawyer_n yet_o 〈◊〉_d find_v they_o frequent_v in_o practice_n for_o the_o damage_n which_o we_o receive_v from_o contract_n or_o trespass_n be_v leave_v and_o remit_v to_o the_o eâ—â—â—ty_n of_o the_o juror_n what_o and_o how_o much_o it_o 〈◊〉_d and_o judgement_n be_v give_v according_a to_o their_o estimation_n where_o on_o the_o contrary_a in_o action_n which_o have_v reference_n principal_o to_o the_o thing_n unless_o the_o complainant_n prove_v the_o thing_n 〈◊〉_d action_n to_o be_v due_a and_o to_o be_v his_o the_o action_n fall_v because_o neither_o the_o juror_n nor_o the_o 〈◊〉_d have_v any_o other_o power_n in_o these_o then_o to_o condemn_v the_o defendant_n as_o to_o the_o thing_n in_o action_n or_o to_o free_v he_o whence_o it_o happen_v that_o one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n often_o occasion_n a_o double_a action_n viz._n a_o principal_a action_n for_o the_o thing_n which_o be_v of_o strict_a right_n and_o another_o which_o be_v accessary_a for_o the_o recovery_n of_o damage_n which_o be_v bona_fw-la fidei_fw-la 19_o in_o the_o distinction_n of_o arbitrary_a action_n from_o action_n bona_fw-la fidei_fw-la the_o civiliaâ—â—_n do_v not_o very_o punctual_o agree_v nor_o do_v we_o find_v any_o other_o of_o they_o in_o use_n among_o we_o in_o england_n more_o than_o these_o we_o have_v observe_v only_o this_o we_o may_v add_v that_o the_o chancellor_n of_o england_n or_o the_o keeper_n of_o the_o great_a seal_n who_o authority_n be_v almost_o the_o same_o to_o who_o conscience_n and_o equity_n every_o one_o who_o be_v without_o remedy_n in_o the_o law_n may_v appeal_v from_o other_o court_n before_o judgement_n give_v be_v not_o bind_v or_o prescribe_v by_o any_o law_n but_o that_o he_o may_v decide_v and_o compose_v all_o cause_n which_o be_v for_o this_o purpose_n bring_v before_o he_o according_a to_o the_o judgement_n and_o conscience_n of_o a_o good_a man_n and_o imprison_v he_o who_o be_v contumacious_a and_o refractory_a to_o his_o decree_n and_o detain_v he_o there_o until_o he_o become_v conformable_a 532._o conformable_a plough_v 532._o 20._o we_o have_v no_o use_n with_o we_o of_o that_o which_o be_v call_v actio_fw-la de_fw-la peculio_fw-la in_o regard_n we_o be_v not_o oblige_v by_o their_o contract_n who_o be_v under_o our_o power_n unless_o so_o far_o as_o they_o be_v in_o order_n to_o our_o command_n 42._o command_n dr._n stu._n l._n 2._o c._n 42._o what_o be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o contract_n make_v by_o he_o who_o be_v under_o the_o power_n of_o another_o tit._n vii_o those_o contract_n which_o be_v make_v by_o our_o servant_n by_o our_o command_n be_v bind_v â—o_o we_o g._n we_o v._o n._n b._n 62._o f._n n._n b._n 120._o g._n for_o if_o i_o make_v one_o of_o my_o servant_n â—y_a bailiff_n and_o give_v he_o a_o power_n of_o take_v oren_n or_o other_o cattle_n to_o graze_v in_o my_o pasture_n 〈◊〉_d a_o certain_a price_n i_o can_v have_v a_o action_n 〈◊〉_d trespass_n or_o de_fw-fr conculcatione_fw-la herbarum_fw-la against_o he_o who_o shall_v upon_o such_o a_o contract_n â—urn_v his_o cattle_n into_o my_o