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father_n naturalisation_n and_o so_o not_o include_v in_o it_o and_o his_o own_o naturalisation_n have_v be_v in_o agitation_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o parliament_n that_o his_o sit_v in_o parliament_n do_v not_o conclude_v he_o a_o english_a earl_n for_o if_o question_v he_o may_v probable_o have_v be_v expel_v out_o of_o the_o house_n of_o peer_n as_o his_o countryman_n mr._n walter_n stuart_n be_v out_o of_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o and_o that_o his_o be_v a_o earl_n do_v not_o naturalize_v he_o that_o be_v the_o king_n be_v single_a act_n where_o as_o naturalisation_n be_v only_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n as_o for_o the_o article_n it_o be_v clear_a that_o lambert_n be_v a_o general_n officer_n commissionated_a by_o parliament_n be_v impower_v to_o capitulate_v both_o by_o the_o parliament_n and_o by_o cromwell_n the_o l._n grace_n have_v no_o authority_n from_o the_o parliament_n but_o only_o from_o cromwel_n letter_n that_o he_o become_v the_o lord_n gray_n prisoner_n only_o by_o lambert_n order_n and_o that_o he_o make_v no_o surrender_n till_o the_o article_n be_v sign_v and_o deliver_v that_o though_o the_o lord_n grace_n have_v protest_v against_o it_o and_o yet_o only_a a_o intention_n to_o do_v it_o be_v prove_v he_o be_v not_o concern_v in_o it_o nor_o bind_v to_o take_v notice_n of_o it_o lambert_n be_v the_o parliament_n officer_n and_o send_v against_o he_o by_o they_o that_o article_n be_v to_o be_v expound_v by_o their_o plain_a meaning_n and_o not_o by_o any_o mental_a reserve_v pretend_v by_o the_o commissioner_n that_o by_o the_o first_o article_n he_o be_v a_o prisoner_n of_o war_n and_o that_o it_o be_v seldom_o know_v that_o the_o life_n of_o any_o such_o be_v take_v and_o that_o by_o the_o second_o article_n life_n and_o safety_n of_o person_n be_v express_o secure_v without_o any_o exception_n that_o if_o article_n be_v now_o violate_v it_o will_v make_v the_o sequel_n of_o the_o war_n if_o any_o more_o follow_v a_o downright_a butchery_n since_o none_o will_v any_o more_o trust_n to_o a_o capitulation_n which_o mischief_n he_o pray_v god_n to_o avert_v that_o his_o escape_n out_o of_o prison_n be_v no_o breach_n he_o be_v only_o bind_v by_o the_o article_n to_o deliver_v himself_o prisoner_n which_o he_o do_v but_o not_o to_o continue_v so_o and_o he_o conclude_v that_o he_o be_v confident_a have_v he_o no_o better_a plea_n his_o article_n be_v sufficient_a according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o all_o nation_n to_o preserve_v his_o life_n then_o the_o precedent_n ask_v he_o if_o he_o have_v any_o thing_n to_o say_v as_o he_o be_v earl_n of_o cambridge_n whereupon_o he_o and_o his_o counsel_n move_v that_o if_o what_o he_o have_v say_v and_o prove_v be_v not_o satisfactory_a for_o the_o averment_n of_o his_o plea_n he_o may_v answer_v the_o charge_n exhibit_v which_o he_o have_v not_o yet_o do_v but_o to_o this_o neither_o the_o court_n nor_o their_o counsel_n will_v yield_v though_o they_o give_v no_o reason_n for_o it_o save_v only_o that_o it_o employ_v a_o desire_n of_o delay_n but_o the_o reason_n as_o be_v say_v be_v that_o they_o know_v have_v they_o yield_v to_o that_o the_o charge_n have_v be_v overthrow_v since_o the_o law_n of_o england_n do_v not_o admit_v that_o to_o be_v treason_n which_o they_o charge_v on_o he_o that_o he_o have_v assist_v the_o king_n against_o the_o kingdom_n and_o people_n by_o levy_v war._n then_o the_o court_n tell_v his_o counsel_n that_o saturday_n be_v the_o long_a time_n they_o allow_v they_o for_o perform_v their_o part_n but_o the_o counsel_n answer_v that_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o they_o to_o undertake_v it_o and_o discharge_v their_o conscience_n to_o their_o client_n have_v so_o short_a a_o time_n allow_v they_o there_o
this_o kingdom_n respectiuè_fw-fr and_o which_o his_o majesty_n since_o by_o so_o many_o declaration_n and_o deep_a protestation_n have_v swear_v to_o maintain_v inviolable_o three_o that_o your_o lordship_n may_v be_v please_v to_o consider_v that_o as_o nothing_o will_v more_o diminish_v his_o majesty_n greatness_n than_o that_o this_o kingdom_n shall_v consume_v in_o civil_a war_n so_o nothing_o will_v more_o conduce_v to_o the_o suppress_v of_o insolent_a papist_n malignant_a schismatic_a and_o disloyal_a brownist_n and_o separatist_n the_o special_a if_o not_o the_o sole_a promover_n of_o these_o unhappy_a misunderstanding_n than_o that_o hearty_o and_o free_o without_o respect_n of_o worldly_a and_o secondary_a consideration_n we_o give_v to_o christ_n what_o be_v christ_n and_o to_o caesar_n what_o be_v caesar_n by_o mean_n whereof_o the_o truth_n and_o purity_n of_o religion_n shall_v be_v establish_v to_o the_o utter_a confusion_n of_o all_o these_o sectary_n true_a monarchical_a government_n firm_o settle_v by_o which_o likewise_o law_n and_o authority_n shall_v retain_v their_o ancient_a vigour_n and_o force_n to_o the_o suppression_n of_o all_o commotion_n and_o tumultuous_a convention_n the_o bane_n and_o overthrow_n of_o all_o true_a religion_n and_o policy_n four_o although_o there_o be_v nothing_o far_o from_o our_o mind_n than_o to_o presume_v to_o question_v or_o crave_v of_o your_o lordship_n a_o account_n of_o your_o action_n know_v perfect_o by_o the_o inviolable_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o this_o kingdom_n that_o to_o be_v only_o proper_a and_o due_a to_o the_o king_n and_o parliament_n from_o whence_o you_o have_v that_o great_a charge_n and_o trust_v deliver_v unto_o you_o yet_o we_o hope_v your_o lordship_n will_v give_v we_o leave_v in_o all_o humility_n to_o remember_v your_o lordship_n of_o your_o deliverance_n june_n 1642._o and_o be_v confident_a that_o the_o say_v lord_n the_o petitioners_z neither_o have_v nor_o shall_v have_v necessity_n to_o trouble_v themselves_o nor_o the_o council_n with_o supplication_n of_o this_o kind_n and_o that_o your_o lordship_n in_o your_o wisdom_n will_v take_v some_o course_n for_o prevent_v all_o occasion_n which_o may_v in_o any_o sort_n disturb_v the_o peace_n of_o this_o kingdom_n or_o make_v division_n among_o the_o subject_n thereof_o this_o petition_n be_v sign_v by_o a_o great_a many_o nobleman_n and_o gentleman_n it_o many_o sign_n it_o but_o though_o they_o take_v much_o pain_n to_o get_v minister_n to_o concur_v in_o it_o yet_o none_o of_o they_o can_v be_v draw_v to_o it_o this_o petition_n be_v present_v with_o many_o hand_n at_o it_o to_o the_o council_n and_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o as_o it_o be_v write_v by_o a_o trusty_a friend_n of_o the_o marquis_n so_o also_o all_o his_o friend_n sign_v it_o which_o make_v the_o author_n suspect_v and_o do_v show_v that_o his_o friend_n adhere_v hitherto_o to_o their_o duty_n and_o his_o example_n all_o the_o 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church-government_n for_o which_o end_n the_o commission_n of_o the_o kirk_n be_v also_o to_o send_v their_o commissioner_n to_o second_v they_o in_o it_o and_o no_o resistance_n can_v be_v make_v to_o this_o that_o be_v able_a to_o obstruct_v it_o they_o also_o move_v that_o the_o king_n shall_v be_v desire_v to_o call_v a_o parliament_n in_o scotland_n the_o marquis_n and_o his_o friend_n oppose_v this_o vigorous_o not_o that_o he_o be_v against_o a_o parliament_n but_o judge_v the_o motion_n unseasonable_a and_o think_v the_o time_n prefix_v at_o the_o last_o parliament_n for_o the_o next_o to_o wit_n after_o three_o year_n need_v not_o be_v anticipate_v it_o be_v also_o put_v in_o their_o instruction_n to_o their_o commissioner_n to_o press_v the_o king_n to_o put_v all_o papist_n from_o his_o person_n the_o marquis_n and_o his_o friend_n also_o oppose_v this_o not_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o thing_n itself_o but_o because_o it_o seem_v to_o cast_v a_o scandal_n upon_o the_o king_n as_o if_o his_o religion_n be_v to_o be_v suspect_v but_o the_o church-party_n be_v strong_a in_o this_o meeting_n of_o the_o conservator_n and_o so_o carry_v every_o thing_n in_o it_o the_o safe-conduct_n be_v come_v they_o name_v their_o commissioner_n the_o chancellor_n be_v the_o chief_a of_o they_o and_o though_o lanerick_n in_o the_o king_n name_v except_v against_o the_o lord_n waristoun_n and_o produce_v the_o king_n warrant_v for_o it_o yet_o they_o name_v he_o but_o be_v so_o wise_a as_o not_o to_o send_v he_o they_o be_v also_o so_o discreet_a that_o they_o appoint_v the_o commissioner_n to_o go_v first_o to_o the_o king_n thing_n be_v thus_o determine_v lanerick_n take_v the_o start_n of_o they_o but_o they_o be_v at_o court_n before_o he_o he_o be_v detain_v by_o a_o garrison_n of_o the_o parliament_n for_o some_o day_n in_o the_o end_n of_o february_n he_o come_v to_o oxford_n church-party_n lanerick_n go_v to_o court_n and_o discover_v the_o inclination_n of_o the_o church-party_n where_o he_o give_v the_o king_n a_o account_n of_o the_o present_a state_n of_o the_o scotish_n affair_n and_o that_o it_o be_v the_o advice_n of_o his_o majesty_n true_a friend_n in_o scotland_n that_o he_o shall_v entertain_v the_o commissioner_n with_o the_o best_a word_n he_o can_v give_v they_o but_o shall_v not_o by_o any_o mean_n suffer_v they_o to_o go_v to_o london_n since_o there_o be_v great_a ground_n to_o fear_n they_o will_v engage_v too_o deep_a in_o the_o quarrel_n if_o they_o go_v thither_o this_o advice_n agree_v so_o with_o the_o king_n inclination_n that_o it_o can_v meet_v no_o resistance_n in_o his_o thought_n when_o the_o commissioner_n arrive_v they_o deliver_v their_o message_n but_o the_o king_n repeat_v what_o be_v former_o tell_v they_o that_o scotland_n and_o england_n have_v different_a law_n and_o interest_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v to_o give_v the_o one_o kingdom_n too_o great_a a_o advantage_n over_o the_o other_o to_o suffer_v they_o to_o come_v and_o be_v vmpire_n in_o the_o present_a difference_n they_o press_v their_o desire_n as_o warm_o as_o they_o can_v but_o all_o be_v in_o vain_a for_o the_o king_n will_v by_o no_o mean_n suffer_v they_o to_o go_v to_o london_n and_o in_o particular_a he_o tell_v the_o earl_n of_o lowdon_n what_o ground_n he_o have_v to_o believe_v they_o design_v to_o raise_v a_o army_n for_o the_o parliament_n quarrel_v and_o that_o some_o of_o his_o fellow-commissioner_n will_v prove_v incendiary_n rather_o than_o mediator_n but_o lowdon_n with_o great_a protestation_n deny_v that_o they_o design_v to_o raise_v arm_n and_o say_v to_o the_o king_n these_o be_v but_o the_o misrepresentation_n with_o which_o the_o marquis_n and_o his_o brother_n abuse_v his_o majesty_n as_o for_o the_o call_v a_o parliament_n the_o king_n say_v he_o see_v no_o reason_n for_o it_o and_o therefore_o will_v not_o anticipate_v the_o day_n that_o be_v already_o prefix_v for_o it_o but_o to_o the_o commissioner_n from_o the_o assembly_n the_o king_n give_v the_o follow_a answer_n which_o i_o set_v down_o in_o his_o own_o word_n have_v it_o write_v all_o with_o his_o majesty_n own_o hand_n his_o majesty_n commend_v the_o zeal_n of_o the_o petitioner_n for_o the_o advancement_n of_o the_o true_a reform_a religion_n against_o heresy_n popery_n sect_n innovation_n and_o profanity_n and_o always_o shall_v use_v his_o best_a and_o uttermost_a endeavour_n for_o advance_v the_o one_o and_o the_o utter_a suppress_v the_o rest_n for_o the_o unity_n in_o kirk-government_n his_o majesty_n know_v that_o the_o government_n now_o establish_v by_o the_o law_n have_v so_o near_o a_o relation_n and_o intermixture_n with_o the_o civil_a state_n which_o may_v be_v unknown_a to_o the_o petitioner_n that_o till_o a_o compose_v digest_v form_n be_v present_v to_o he_o upon_o a_o free_a debate_n by_o both_o house_n of_o parliament_n whereby_o the_o consent_n and_o approbation_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n
breach_n may_v follow_v betwixt_o he_o and_o his_o native_a kingdom_n but_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n he_o can_v not_o permit_v they_o to_o go_v both_o because_o of_o the_o reason_n he_o have_v allege_v and_o the_o fear_n he_o have_v of_o their_o engage_v with_o the_o parliament_n and_o chief_o that_o all_o his_o counsellor_n and_o officer_n at_o oxford_n be_v so_o far_o against_o it_o that_o he_o hear_v it_o be_v whisper_v among_o they_o that_o they_o will_v all_o forsake_v he_o if_o he_o give_v they_o leave_v since_o they_o hold_v themselves_o assure_v that_o the_o design_n of_o their_o go_n be_v to_o bring_v a_o army_n from_o scotland_n wherefore_o he_o entreat_v lindsay_n will_v serve_v he_o in_o that_o particular_a which_o he_o undertake_v frank_o though_o he_o add_v he_o have_v small_a hope_n since_o he_o have_v already_o attempt_v as_o much_o as_o he_o can_v with_o no_o success_n but_o as_o he_o leave_v his_o majesty_n he_o make_v a_o visit_n in_o his_o way_n to_o his_o 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discontent_n construction_n which_o be_v not_o possible_a for_o he_o to_o make_v but_o obvious_a to_o malevolent_a humour_n that_o although_o you_o shall_v not_o be_v suspect_v to_o be_v any_o way_n accessary_a to_o disloyal_a course_n it_o will_v be_v say_v you_o be_v one_o of_o those_o who_o can_v have_v best_a hinder_v they_o that_o your_o country_n and_o friend_n may_v say_v you_o have_v desert_v they_o in_o their_o great_a exigence_n and_o that_o difference_n may_v be_v reconcile_v betwixt_o his_o majesty_n and_o his_o subject_n by_o the_o endeavour_n of_o other_o these_o command_n be_v both_o peremptory_a and_o oblige_a so_o that_o they_o can_v not_o fail_v of_o conquer_a all_o his_o resistance_n and_o carry_v his_o obedience_n after_o they_o which_o be_v strengthen_v from_o the_o letter_n he_o have_v at_o that_o same_o time_n from_o her_o majesty_n which_o follow_v cousin_n the_o account_n the_o king_n have_v give_v i_o of_o your_o affection_n for_o his_o interest_n and_o those_o mark_n of_o it_o which_o from_o other_o hand_n have_v meet_v i_o do_v so_o sensible_o affect_v i_o that_o without_o any_o difficulty_n or_o scruple_n i_o do_v now_o entertain_v you_o with_o my_o acknowledgement_n and_o resentment_n of_o it_o before_o i_o have_v hear_v from_o you_o and_o i_o assure_v you_o of_o the_o satisfaction_n i_o shall_v ever_o have_v of_o the_o continuance_n of_o it_o from_o you_o which_o i_o shall_v desire_v may_v be_v as_o entire_a and_o full_a as_o the_o return_v i_o shall_v study_v to_o make_v to_o you_o be_v resolve_v to_o lay_v hold_n on_o all_o occasion_n by_o which_o i_o may_v discover_v my_o friendship_n for_o you_o and_o to_o express_v the_o esteem_n i_o have_v of_o your_o friendship_n by_o all_o mean_n that_o may_v depend_v on_o my_o care_n which_o i_o shall_v employ_v in_o give_v you_o day_n by_o day_n new_a proof_n that_o i_o be_o and_o ever_o shall_v be_v your_o affectionate_a cousin_n and_o friend_n henrieta_n maria_z r._n st._n germane_a 22_o september_n upon_o these_o entreaty_n and_o assurance_n he_o be_v make_v to_o change_v his_o purpose_n though_o he_o can_v not_o so_o easy_o part_v with_o his_o melancholy_a thought_n which_o he_o express_v in_o this_o follow_a letter_n may_v it_o please_v your_o sacred_a majesty_n the_o reason_n you_o be_v please_v to_o offer_v to_o my_o brother_n king_n and_o write_v to_o the_o king_n and_o sir_n robert_n murray_n for_o divert_v my_o resolution_n of_o leave_v your_o majesty_n dominion_n at_o this_o time_n be_v i_o confess_v of_o strength_n enough_o to_o have_v fix_v i_o in_o any_o place_n of_o the_o world_n where_o your_o majesty_n service_n be_v concern_v but_o now_o see_v your_o majesty_n have_v honour_v i_o so_o much_o as_o by_o your_o gracious_a letter_n your_o self_n to_o show_v i_o still_o your_o dislike_n thereof_o how_o dare_v i_o dispute_v what_o your_o majesty_n think_v unfit_a and_o now_o sir_n the_o thought_n i_o former_o have_v of_o leave_v as_o it_o be_v the_o world_n because_o i_o will_v not_o be_v a_o witness_n of_o what_o i_o fear_v your_o majesty_n fall_n since_o as_o i_o conceive_v i_o can_v not_o be_v instrumental_a to_o your_o service_n or_o preservation_n upon_o the_o ground_n your_o majesty_n go_v on_o shall_v be_v change_v into_o a_o resolution_n of_o be_v most_o miserable_a in_o your_o dominion_n if_o it_o shall_v not_o please_v god_n to_o deliver_v you_o out_o of_o those_o difficulty_n your_o majesty_n be_v in_o for_o i_o take_v god_n to_o witness_v upon_o your_o happiness_n depend_v my_o great_a worldly_a joy_n how_o unfortunate_o soever_o i_o have_v of_o late_a be_v misunderstand_v and_o though_o i_o can_v promise_v myself_o so_o much_o good_a fortune_n as_o to_o prove_v useful_a to_o your_o majesty_n yet_o i_o dare_v and_o do_v engage_v for_o a_o cheerful_a willingness_n and_o perfect_a fidelity_n in_o your_o majesty_n service_n and_o trust_v that_o god_n in_o his_o mercy_n will_v so_o direct_v your_o majesty_n as_o by_o timeous_o grant_v the_o now_o necessary_a and_o most_o press_a demand_n of_o your_o kingdom_n the_o great_a evil_n will_v be_v prevent_v that_o threaten_v your_o sacred_a self_n the_o queen_n majesty_n and_o your_o royal_a posterity_n and_o likewise_o that_o of_o have_v any_o other_o guard_n to_o attend_v your_o royal_a person_n than_o such_o as_o shall_v be_v approve_v of_o by_o you_o or_o your_o majesty_n be_v necessitate_v to_o retire_v into_o scotland_n upon_o the_o return_n of_o the_o scotish_n army_n where_o i_o apprehend_v your_o majesty_n entertainment_n will_v not_o answer_v your_o expectation_n nor_o prove_v at_o all_o advantageous_a to_o your_o service_n more_o i_o will_v not_o presume_v to_o say_v but_o shall_v real_o study_v in_o all_o thing_n to_o serve_v your_o majesty_n and_o ever_o give_v such_o ready_a obedience_n to_o your_o command_n as_o become_v your_o majesty_n most_o faithful_a most_o loyal_a and_o most_o obedient_a subject_n and_o servant_n hamilton_n kinneel_v 6_o octob._n 1646._o a_o day_n or_o two_o after_o his_o majesty_n receive_v this_o letter_n he_o write_v the_o follow_a letter_n to_o my_o lord_n lanerick_n the_o postscript_n whereof_o seem_v to_o relate_v to_o the_o letter_n he_o have_v receive_v from_o his_o brother_n lanerick_n before_o now_o i_o have_v not_o matter_n to_o write_v to_o you_o and_o now_o i_o have_v so_o much_o that_o i_o shall_v say_v the_o less_o leave_v this_o enclose_a to_o speak_v for_o i_o but_o thus_o much_o i_o must_v assure_v you_o of_o that_o i_o have_v herein_o go_v the_o utmost_a length_n as_o you_o call_v it_o to_o give_v all_o possible_a satisfaction_n for_o upon_o my_o word_n one_o jot_n further_o can_v be_v go_v by_o your_o most_o assure_a real_a constant_a friend_n charles_n r._n newcastle_n 15_o octob._n 1646._o postscript_n tell_v your_o brother_n that_o it_o be_v a_o fault_n to_o he_o to_o trouble_v myself_o in_o compliment_a with_o he_o and_o indeed_o to_o either_o of_o you_o any_o way_n to_o doubt_n but_o that_o you_o will_v make_v the_o best_a use_n you_o may_v of_o what_o i_o now_o send_v you_o for_o my_o service_n the_o enclose_a paper_n be_v to_o be_v find_v among_o his_o majesty_n print_a message_n to_o the_o two_o house_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o insert_v here_o but_o the_o satisfaction_n the_o king_n have_v in_o the_o duke_n consent_v to_o stay_v still_o in_o scotland_n appear_v by_o the_o end_n of_o the_o next_o letter_n he_o write_v to_o himself_o hamilton_n this_o be_v rather_o to_o perform_v my_o promise_n to_o a_o lady_n than_o that_o i_o believe_v it_o to_o be_v needful_a in_o respect_n of_o you_o for_o i_o know_v you_o natural_o so_o much_o favour_v all_o my_o friend_n and_o know_v so_o well_o the_o great_a estimation_n i_o have_v of_o the_o earl_n of_o brainford_n beside_o what_o have_v be_v tell_v you_o concern_v he_o by_o your_o brother_n lanerick_n by_o my_o direction_n that_o i_o be_o certain_a without_o this_o you_o will_v favour_v his_o business_n what_o you_o can_v and_o since_o i_o be_o write_v i_o must_v say_v that_o there_o be_v no_o particular_a man_n business_n wherein_o you_o can_v give_v i_o so_o much_o contentment_n as_o this_o of_o which_o i_o need_v say_v no_o more_o but_o only_o that_o you_o will_v show_v his_o wife_n that_o my_o recommendation_n to_o you_o of_o her_o lord_n affair_n be_v real_a and_o hearty_a nor_o can_v i_o end_v this_o without_o take_v notice_n to_o you_o of_o the_o contentment_n i_o have_v that_o my_o last_o letter_n to_o you_o have_v the_o wish_a for_o operation_n for_o beside_o the_o obtain_n my_o end_n which_o several_a way_n be_v satisfactory_o useful_a to_o i_o i_o see_v that_o all_o man_n have_v not_o forsake_v reason_n or_o at_o least_o that_o i_o be_o sometime_o in_o the_o right_n as_o i_o be_o confident_a you_o will_v make_v appear_v the_o great_a reason_n i_o have_v to_o be_v your_o most_o assure_a real_a constant_a friend_n charles_n r._n but_o to_o return_v to_o public_a affair_n the_o duke_n at_o his_o come_n to_o scotland_n treaty_n the_o duke_n labour_v to_o engage_v scotland_n for_o a_o personal_a treaty_n procure_v new_a instruction_n to_o be_v send_v to_o their_o commissioner_n at_o london_n to_o press_v a_o personal_a treaty_n and_o that_o the_o king_n may_v be_v with_o safety_n and_o honour_n in_o england_n and_o that_o it_o may_v be_v declare_v that_o the_o government_n of_o england_n shall_v still_o continue_v according_a to_o the_o fundamental_a law_n the_o chief_a business_n at_o westminster_n be_v to_o be_v rid_v of_o their_o brethren_n of_o scotland_n wherefore_o they_o fall_v a-treating_a about_o the_o removal_n of_o the_o army_n and_o the_o delivery_n of_o the_o garrison_n the_o scot_n demand_v five_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n sterling_a and_o of_o that_o sum_n two_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n
overawed_n both_o parliament_n and_o city_n they_o begin_v to_o levy_v new_a force_n but_o assoon_o as_o they_o withdraw_v from_o london_n the_o citizen_n of_o london_n come_v in_o great_a number_n to_o westminster_n and_o petition_v to_o have_v their_o militia_n settle_v again_o according_a to_o their_o former_a vote_n which_o be_v grant_v the_o parliament_n next_o day_n be_v at_o liberty_n and_o the_o seclude_v member_n return_v about_o the_o end_n of_o july_n the_o earl_n of_o lauderdale_n go_v to_o wait_v on_o his_o majesty_n who_o be_v then_o at_o wooburn_n be_v not_o only_o hinder_v access_n but_o by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o soldier_n carry_v away_o and_o say_v or_o complain_v what_o he_o will_v of_o the_o violation_n of_o the_o treaty_n with_o scotland_n and_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n by_o that_o affront_n put_v upon_o a_o public_a minister_n of_o another_o kingdom_n he_o can_v not_o prevail_v but_o be_v force_v to_o be_v go_v after_o this_o the_o king_n be_v voted_n to_o come_v to_o london_n but_o the_o army_n instead_o of_o obedience_n come_v thither_o again_o and_o by_o the_o interposition_n of_o some_o treacherous_a people_n get_v the_o city_n surrender_v to_o they_o whereupon_o they_o march_v through_o it_o in_o triumph_n with_o laurel_n in_o their_o hat_n and_o come_v to_o westminster_n bring_v with_o they_o the_o two_o speaker_n and_o some_o other_o member_n of_o their_o party_n who_o have_v run_v away_o from_o the_o parliament_n pretend_v fear_n though_o no_o appearance_n of_o it_o have_v be_v in_o the_o proceed_n of_o the_o parliament_n fairfax_n be_v declare_v captain-general_n of_o all_o england_n constable_n of_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n and_o commander_n of_o all_o the_o garrison_n and_o then_o they_o fall_v to_o the_o purge_v of_o the_o house_n and_o beside_o the_o force_n the_o eleven_o member_n to_o flee_v seven_o of_o the_o lord_n be_v also_o impeach_v and_o all_o order_n that_o past_a in_o the_o absence_n of_o the_o speaker_n be_v repeal_v yet_o this_o be_v not_o carry_v but_o upon_o a_o fortnight_n debate_n divers_a of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n with_o the_o mayor_n and_o some_o alderman_n be_v likewise_o charge_v and_o imprison_v and_o all_o this_o be_v upon_o a_o general_a accusation_n of_o their_o design_n to_o raise_v a_o new_a war._n those_o in_o scotland_n be_v advertise_v by_o their_o commissioner_n of_o all_o that_o pass_v fail_v not_o to_o make_v good_a use_n of_o it_o scotland_n this_o be_v resent_v in_o scotland_n to_o stir_v up_o the_o affection_n and_o duty_n of_o all_o to_o appear_v for_o his_o majesty_n which_o prevail_v general_o and_o even_o the_o minister_n begin_v both_o from_o their_o pulpit_n and_o by_o their_o remonstrance_n to_o complain_v of_o the_o prevailing_n of_o the_o sectarian_n party_n and_o of_o the_o force_n that_o be_v put_v on_o the_o king_n person_n but_o the_o old_a language_n of_o the_o covenant_n and_o presbytery_n be_v still_o in_o their_o mouth_n yet_o all_o be_v pretty_a forward_o for_o a_o real_a resentment_n of_o the_o late_a disorder_n in_o england_n only_a mr._n george_n gillespie_n who_o be_v indeed_o of_o good_a part_n but_o bold_a beyond_o all_o measure_n withstand_v these_o inclination_n and_o represent_v that_o the_o great_a danger_n to_o religion_n be_v to_o be_v fear_v from_o the_o king_n and_o the_o malignant_a party_n he_o be_v suspect_v of_o correspondence_n with_o the_o sectary_n which_o some_o letter_n in_o my_o hand_n write_v in_o cypher_n give_v good_a ground_n to_o believe_v certain_a it_o be_v that_o he_o prove_v a_o very_a ill_a instrument_n and_o mar_v that_o great_a design_n by_o which_o all_o former_a error_n may_v have_v be_v correct_v thus_o as_o the_o duke_n and_o his_o friend_n design_n begin_v to_o appear_v there_o be_v a_o violent_a party_n no_o less_o careful_a to_o withstand_v they_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o judge_v fit_v the_o duke_n shall_v leave_v scotland_n his_o service_n in_o it_o be_v great_a than_o any_o he_o can_v do_v in_o england_n beside_o his_o be_v a_o peer_n in_o england_n make_v he_o more_o obnoxious_a to_o their_o fury_n than_o any_o other_o scotchman_n can_v be_v but_o his_o majesty_n concession_n about_o religion_n pinch_v they_o much_o and_o the_o liberty_n offer_v to_o tender_a conscience_n do_v very_o much_o disgust_v the_o scotish_n clergy_n for_o in_o scotland_n a_o toleration_n be_v little_o less_o odious_a than_o episcopacy_n and_o nothing_o but_o presbytery_n will_v satisfy_v they_o in_o the_o end_n of_o august_n they_o send_v mr._n lesley_n to_o his_o majesty_n to_o represent_v the_o state_n of_o affair_n in_o scotland_n according_a to_o the_o follow_a instruction_n king_n the_o duke_n send_v a_o message_n to_o the_o king_n you_o shall_v show_v what_o endeavour_n have_v be_v use_v to_o incense_v this_o kingdom_n against_o the_o proceed_n of_o the_o army_n under_o the_o command_n of_o sir_n thomas_n fairfax_n witness_n george_n windram_n be_v relation_n the_o declaration_n of_o the_o general_n assembly_n and_o the_o voice_n of_o the_o daily_a cry_n from_o the_o pulpit_n you_o shall_v represent_v what_o industry_n be_v use_v to_o precipitate_v a_o present_a engagement_n upon_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o covenant_n and_o for_o settle_v presbyterial_a government_n in_o england_n who_o be_v the_o presser_n and_o who_o be_v the_o opposer_n of_o it_o you_o shall_v show_v what_o pain_n be_v take_v by_o the_o moderate_a party_n here_o to_o procure_v the_o send_n of_o commissioner_n to_o his_o majesty_n and_o the_o parliament_n thereby_o to_o procrastinate_v and_o delay_v all_o resolution_n till_o their_o return_n or_o a_o report_n from_o they_o which_o will_v probable_o consume_v the_o rest_n of_o this_o summer_n and_o for_o this_o year_n prevent_v a_o new_a war_n except_o upon_o eminent_a advantage_n you_o be_v therefore_o to_o represent_v how_o necessary_a it_o be_v for_o prevent_v prejudices_fw-la from_o hence_o that_o a_o free_a passage_n and_o all_o other_o encouragement_n be_v give_v to_o those_o who_o be_v now_o to_o be_v employ_v if_o that_o shall_v be_v refuse_v or_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n in_o their_o person_n violate_v a_o breach_n betwixt_o the_o kingdom_n can_v be_v long_o prevent_v you_o shall_v show_v that_o if_o it_o have_v not_o be_v for_o his_o majesty_n command_n to_o the_o moderate_a party_n here_o a_o scotish_n army_n have_v ever_o this_o time_n be_v in_o england_n which_o so_o long_o as_o his_o majesty_n be_v well_o use_v they_o be_v hopeful_a to_o prevent_v but_o if_o his_o re-establish_a be_v delay_v a_o great_a army_n than_o ever_o scotland_n raise_v will_v own_v his_o quarrel_n you_o shall_v show_v that_o the_o instruction_n now_o give_v to_o our_o commissioner_n who_o treat_v with_o the_o parliament_n be_v only_a general_n the_o chief_a whereof_o be_v that_o his_o majesty_n be_v again_o invite_v to_o come_v to_o london_n with_o honour_n freedom_n and_o safety_n the_o delay_n whereof_o be_v exceed_o ill_a take_v here_o and_o nothing_o will_v give_v so_o general_a satisfaction_n to_o this_o kingdom_n nor_o more_o stop_v the_o mouth_n of_o incendiary_n than_o that_o his_o majesty_n be_v so_o at_o london_n you_o shall_v show_v that_o the_o message_n that_o be_v to_o be_v send_v to_o his_o majesty_n be_v only_o to_o represent_v to_o he_o the_o constant_a affection_n of_o this_o kingdom_n their_o long_n to_o see_v he_o reestablish_v in_o his_o throne_n their_o resolution_n never_o to_o withdraw_v themselves_o from_o under_o his_o government_n and_o their_o desire_n to_o know_v immediate_o from_o himself_o in_o what_o condition_n he_o be_v since_o the_o safety_n of_o this_o kingdom_n so_o much_o depend_v upon_o the_o safety_n of_o his_o person_n you_o shall_v show_v that_o the_o disorder_n in_o the_o highland_n be_v now_o compose_v and_o our_o army_n be_v to_o be_v scatter_v in_o several_a quarter_n through_o the_o whole_a shire_n of_o the_o kingdom_n with_o these_o instruction_n my_o lord_n lanerick_n write_v what_o follow_v to_o his_o majesty_n sir_n since_o eminent_a advantage_n for_o your_o majesty_n service_n can_v not_o at_o this_o time_n be_v procure_v but_o at_o the_o old_a rate_n of_o satisfaction_n in_o religion_n and_o the_o covenant_n our_o study_n have_v be_v to_o prevent_v prejudices_fw-la and_o disservice_n wherein_o our_o endeavour_n have_v not_o prove_v unsuccessful_a though_o â—ven_o in_o that_o we_o meet_v with_o extraordinary_a opposition_n the_o particular_n will_v be_v show_v to_o your_o majesty_n by_o the_o bearer_n with_o the_o humble_a sense_n and_o advice_n upon_o the_o whole_a as_o it_o now_o stand_v in_o relation_n to_o this_o kingdom_n of_o your_o majesty_n most_o humble_a most_o faithful_a most_o loyal_a and_o most_o obedient_a subject_n and_o servant_n lanerick_n edinburgh_n 23_o august_n 1647._o to_o which_o his_o majesty_n answer_v lanerick_n i_o very_o much_o like_a and_o approve_v of_o robin_n
lanerick_n cousin_n you_o will_v perceive_v by_o this_o that_o you_o can_v make_v more_o haste_n in_o oblige_v i_o lanerick_n a_o letter_n from_o the_o queen_n to_o lanerick_n than_o i_o shall_v on_o my_o part_n in_o witness_v my_o acknowledgement_n of_o it_o i_o ascribe_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o the_o good_a inclination_n your_o commissioner_n do_v now_o express_v to_o the_o good_a office_n you_o do_v of_o which_o i_o entreat_v the_o continuance_n the_o testimony_n of_o friendship_n which_o i_o receive_v from_o those_o of_o your_o family_n surprise_v i_o less_o than_o what_o i_o meet_v with_o from_o other_o hand_n and_o i_o promise_v myself_o to_o see_v further_a effect_n of_o it_o and_o as_o i_o have_v all_o the_o esteem_n of_o you_o that_o you_o can_v expect_v so_o you_o owe_v i_o the_o justice_n of_o believe_v that_o i_o shall_v give_v evidence_n of_o it_o upon_o every_o occasion_n that_o shall_v be_v offer_v to_o i_o nor_o shall_v i_o rest_v satisfy_v with_o that_o but_o shall_v 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duke_n engagement_n for_o the_o king_n preservation_n and_o what_o follow_v till_o his_o death_n anno_fw-la 1648._o 1648._o an._n 1648._o the_o former_a book_n have_v give_v the_o reader_n a_o just_a and_o full_a representation_n of_o his_o majesty_n imprisonment_n and_o the_o danger_n his_o person_n be_v in_o of_o the_o force_n put_v on_o the_o two_o house_n by_o the_o army_n and_o of_o the_o breach_n of_o former_a treaty_n with_o the_o scotish_n nation_n and_o now_o it_o can_v but_o be_v imagine_v that_o such_o illegal_a and_o unjust_a proceed_n must_v have_v inflame_v the_o resentment_n of_o all_o good_a subject_n and_o more_o signal_o of_o such_o who_o have_v former_o be_v carry_v away_o in_o the_o crowd_n to_o act_v against_o the_o king_n interest_n but_o now_o see_v how_o fatal_a the_o breach_n between_o the_o king_n and_o his_o people_n be_v likely_a to_o prove_v to_o both_o be_v much_o concern_v to_o correct_v all_o former_a error_n and_o expiate_v all_o past_a fault_n by_o a_o 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experience_n of_o the_o evil_n which_o be_v then_o foresee_v fear_a and_o foretell_v we_o can_v see_v how_o minister_n vote_v in_o parliament_n absolute_o without_o the_o limitation_n of_o these_o caution_n can_v be_v think_v fit_a to_o vote_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o kirk_n we_o have_v no_o grievance_n more_o universal_a more_o ordinary_a and_o more_o press_v than_o that_o worthy_a man_n who_o have_v testimony_n of_o their_o learning_n from_o university_n and_o be_v try_v by_o the_o presbytery_n to_o be_v qualify_v for_o the_o work_n of_o the_o ministry_n and_o for_o their_o life_n and_o gift_n earnest_o desire_v by_o the_o whole_a people_n be_v notwithstanding_o reject_v because_o tâ—ey_n can_v be_v persuade_v to_o subscribe_v and_o swear_v such_o unlawful_a article_n and_o oath_n as_o have_v neither_o warrant_n of_o the_o act_n of_o the_o kirk_n nor_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o other_o of_o less_o worth_n and_o ready_a to_o swear_v for_o base_a respect_n unworthy_a to_o 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instruct_v they_o continue_v treat_v about_o this_o till_o the_o 20_o of_o august_n but_o still_o decline_v to_o execute_v those_o particular_n that_o be_v command_v and_o threaten_v to_o call_v a_o assembly_n and_o parliament_n themselves_o wherefore_o the_o marquis_n crave_v again_o the_o space_n of_o twenty_o day_n to_o go_v and_o bring_v a_o answer_n from_o his_o majesty_n which_o he_o do_v to_o gain_v more_o time_n and_o to_o show_v the_o king_n into_o what_o extremity_n they_o be_v now_o run_v and_o that_o it_o be_v necessary_a he_o shall_v immediate_o break_v with_o they_o or_o give_v way_n to_o the_o full_a career_n of_o their_o zeal_n court_n the_o marquis_n go_v again_o to_o court_n and_o so_o he_o take_v journey_n on_o the_o 25_o to_o court_n but_o the_o first_o night_n he_o stop_v at_o broxmouth_n to_o consider_v with_o the_o earl_n of_o traquair_n roxburgh_n and_o southesk_n what_o advice_n to_o offer_v his_o majesty_n who_o agree_v on_o the_o follow_a article_n take_v 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himself_o as_o become_v a_o dutiful_a subject_n and_o in_o testification_n thereof_o shall_v give_v his_o best_a assistance_n for_o settle_v the_o present_a disorder_n and_o if_o your_o majesty_n may_v be_v please_v to_o condescend_v hereto_o we_o conceive_v all_o your_o majesty_n subject_n petitioner_n or_o covenanter_n shall_v acquiesce_v and_o rest_v hearty_o satisfy_v therewith_o and_o if_o any_o shall_v be_v so_o foolish_a or_o mad_a as_o notwithstanding_o this_o your_o majesty_n grace_n and_o goodness_n still_o to_o disturb_v the_o peace_n of_o your_o majesty_n government_n we_o in_o testification_n of_o our_o hearty_a thankfulness_n to_o our_o sovereign_n by_o these_o humble_o and_o hearty_o make_v offer_n of_o our_o life_n and_o fortune_n for_o assist_v your_o majesty_n or_o your_o commissioner_n in_o suppress_v all_o such_o insolence_n or_o insolent_a person_n sign_v hamilton_n traquair_n roxburgh_n southesk_n from_o broxmouth_n he_o go_v forward_o to_o wait_v on_o his_o majesty_n and_o do_v show_v he_o that_o unless_o he_o enlarge_v his_o instruction_n he_o be_v to_o treat_v no_o further_o covenant_n the_o marquis_n advise_v the_o king_n to_o renew_v king_n james_n his_o covenant_n since_o he_o see_v the_o contempt_n be_v like_a to_o be_v put_v on_o the_o last_o instruction_n so_o visible_o that_o he_o dare_v not_o make_v use_n of_o they_o lest_o he_o shall_v thereby_o have_v expose_v his_o majesty_n goodness_n to_o new_a affront_v and_o as_o he_o represent_v this_o to_o his_o majesty_n so_o he_o tell_v he_o nothing_o seem_v so_o likely_a a_o course_n for_o remove_v of_o jealousy_n and_o settle_v all_o thing_n as_o the_o authorise_a the_o covenant_n that_o upon_o king_n james_n his_o command_n be_v draw_v up_o by_o mr._n john_n craig_n an._n 1580_o contain_v the_o renunciation_n of_o all_o the_o article_n of_o popery_n which_o be_v the_o ground_n of_o the_o present_a covenant_n that_o the_o king_n reason_n against_o that_o his_o majesty_n do_v utter_o disrelish_v the_o proposition_n of_o sign_v that_o covenant_n usual_o call_v the_o negative_a confession_n for_o he_o remember_v how_o his_o father_n have_v resent_v his_o do_v of_o that_o as_o rash_a and_o indeliberate_a and_o it_o seem_v strange_a to_o he_o that_o so_o many_o negative_n shall_v be_v swear_v to_o especial_o with_o such_o aggravation_n of_o epithet_n as_o if_o one_o may_v not_o be_v firm_a enough_o to_o the_o protestant_a doctrine_n unless_o he_o not_o only_o abjure_v popery_n in_o bulk_n but_o also_o by_o retail_n in_o so_o many_o particular_n some_o whereof_z may_v be_v both_o uncertain_a and_o indifferent_a and_o it_o seem_v tyrannical_a over_o tender_a conscience_n to_o require_v such_o a_o oath_n from_o all_o person_n but_o more_o especial_o from_o woman_n and_o simple_a people_n who_o can_v not_o judge_v well_o and_o so_o be_v not_o fit_a to_o swear_v in_o such_o nice_a point_n therefore_o the_o king_n say_v he_o look_v upon_o the_o remedy_n propose_v as_o full_a
that_o till_o you_o express_v the_o particular_n of_o your_o desire_n his_o majesty_n can_v give_v no_o direct_a answer_n therefore_o his_o majesty_n require_v that_o you_o set_v downthe_n particular_n of_o your_o demand_n with_o expedition_n he_o have_v be_v always_o willing_a to_o hear_v and_o redress_v the_o grievance_n of_o his_o people_n and_o for_o the_o more_o mature_a deliberation_n of_o these_o great_a affair_n his_o majesty_n have_v already_o give_v out_o summons_n for_o the_o meeting_n of_o the_o peer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o the_o city_n of_o york_n upon_o the_o 24_o of_o this_o month_n that_o so_o with_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o peer_n you_o may_v receive_v such_o answer_n to_o your_o petition_n as_o shall_v most_o tend_v to_o his_o honour_n and_o the_o peace_n and_o welfare_n of_o his_o dominion_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n if_o peace_n be_v that_o you_o desire_v as_o you_o pretend_v he_o expect_v and_o by_o these_o his_o majesty_n command_v that_o you_o advance_v no_o further_o with_o your_o army_n to_o these_o part_n which_o be_v the_o only_a mean_n that_o be_v leave_v for_o the_o present_a to_o preserve_v peace_n betwixt_o the_o two_o nation_n and_o to_o bring_v these_o unhappy_a difference_n to_o a_o reconciliation_n which_o none_o be_v more_o desirous_a of_o than_o his_o most_o sacred_a majesty_n sign_v lanerick_n with_o which_o he_o write_v this_o cover_n my_o lord_n according_a to_o your_o desire_n i_o present_v unto_o his_o majesty_n in_o your_o name_n the_o petition_n you_o send_v i_o whereupon_o his_o majesty_n have_v be_v gracious_o please_v to_o command_v i_o to_o make_v this_o reference_n which_o you_o shall_v receive_v herein_o enclose_v join_v unto_o the_o petition_n my_o lord_n by_o this_o you_o may_v see_v his_o majesty_n be_v as_o he_o ever_o be_v willing_a to_o hear_v and_o redress_v the_o grievance_n of_o his_o subject_n and_o i_o pray_v god_n you_o may_v take_v those_o course_n that_o may_v not_o too_o much_o encroach_v on_o the_o goodness_n of_o so_o gracious_a a_o sovereign_n this_o shall_v be_v the_o earnest_a prayer_n of_o your_o lordship_n servant_n lanerick_n york_n 5_o sept._n 1640._o to_o this_o they_o return_v the_o answer_n that_o follow_v which_o be_v send_v by_o sir_n james_n mercer_n right_o honourable_a 1639._o an._n 1639._o as_o nothing_o in_o earth_n be_v more_o desire_a of_o we_o than_o his_o majesty_n favour_n so_o do_v nothing_o delight_v we_o more_o than_o that_o his_o majesty_n begin_v again_o to_o hearken_v to_o our_o humble_a desire_n address_n the_o covenanter_n make_v a_o second_o address_n wherein_o we_o trust_v nothing_o shall_v be_v find_v but_o what_o may_v serve_v for_o his_o majesty_n honour_n and_o for_o the_o peace_n of_o his_o dominion_n the_o particular_n we_o will_v have_v express_v but_o that_o they_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o late_a parliament_n and_o our_o print_a declaration_n which_o be_v send_v to_o your_o lordship_n but_o in_o case_n the_o paper_n be_v not_o by_o your_o lordship_n we_o now_o summary_o repeat_v they_o that_o his_o majesty_n will_v be_v gracious_o please_v to_o command_v that_o the_o last_o act_n of_o parliament_n may_v be_v publish_v in_o his_o highness_n name_n as_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n with_o the_o estate_n of_o parliament_n convene_v by_o his_o majesty_n authourity_n next_o that_o the_o castle_n of_o edinburgh_n and_o other_o strength_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o scotland_n may_v according_a to_o the_o first_o foundation_n be_v furnish_v and_o use_v for_o our_o defence_n and_o security_n three_o that_o our_o countryman_n in_o his_o majesty_n dominion_n of_o england_n and_o ireland_n may_v be_v free_a from_o censure_n for_o subscribe_v the_o covenant_n and_o be_v no_o more_o press_v with_o oath_n and_o subscription_n unwarrant_v by_o our_o law_n and_o contrary_a to_o their_o national_a oath_n and_o covenant_n approve_v by_o his_o majesty_n four_o that_o the_o common_a incendiary_n who_o have_v be_v the_o author_n of_o this_o combustion_n in_o his_o majesty_n dominion_n may_v receive_v their_o just_a censure_n five_o that_o our_o ship_n and_o our_o good_n with_o all_o the_o damage_n thereof_o may_v be_v restore_v sixthly_a that_o the_o wrong_n loss_n and_o charge_n which_o at_o this_o time_n we_o have_v sustain_v may_v be_v repay_v seven_o that_o the_o declaration_n make_v against_o we_o as_o traitor_n may_v be_v recall_v and_o in_o end_n by_o advice_n and_o consent_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o england_n convene_v in_o parliament_n his_o majesty_n may_v be_v please_v to_o remove_v the_o garrison_n from_o the_o border_n and_o any_o impediment_n that_o may_v stop_v free_a trade_n and_o with_o their_o advice_n may_v condescend_v to_o all_o particular_n which_o may_v establish_v a_o stable_n and_o well-grounded_n peace_n for_o enjoy_v of_o our_o religion_n and_o liberty_n against_o all_o fear_n of_o molestation_n and_o undo_n from_o year_n to_o year_n as_o our_o adversary_n shall_v take_v the_o advantage_n this_o royal_a testimony_n of_o his_o majesty_n justice_n and_o goodness_n we_o will_v esteem_v to_o be_v double_v upon_o we_o be_v it_o speedy_o bestow_v and_o therefore_o must_v crave_v leave_n to_o regrate_a that_o his_o majesty_n pleasure_n concern_v the_o meeting_n of_o the_o peer_n the_o 24_o of_o this_o instant_a will_v make_v the_o time_n long_o ere_o the_o parliament_n be_v convene_v which_o be_v conceive_v to_o be_v the_o only_a mean_a of_o settle_v both_o nation_n in_o a_o firm_a peace_n and_o which_o we_o desire_v may_v be_v serious_o represent_v to_o his_o majesty_n royal_a thought_n the_o more_o this_o time_n be_v abridge_v the_o more_o able_a will_v we_o be_v to_o obey_v his_o majesty_n prohibition_n of_o not_o advance_v with_o our_o arm_n our_o action_n and_o whole_a comportment_n since_o the_o begin_n of_o these_o commotion_n and_o especial_o of_o late_a since_o our_o come_n into_o england_n be_v real_a declaration_n of_o our_o love_n and_o desire_v of_o peace_n nothing_o but_o invincible_a necessity_n have_v bring_v we_o from_o our_o country_n to_o this_o place_n no_o other_o thing_n shall_v draw_v we_o beyond_o the_o limit_n appoint_v by_o his_o majesty_n which_o we_o trust_v his_o majesty_n will_v consider_v of_o and_o wherein_o we_o hope_v your_o lordship_n will_v labour_v to_o be_v a_o profitable_a instrument_n for_o the_o king_n honour_n the_o good_a of_o your_o country_n and_o of_o your_o lordship_n humble_a servant_n and_o affectionate_a friend_n a._n lesly_n rothes_n cassils_n montrose_n dumfermline_n lindsay_n lowdon_n napier_n tho._n hope_v w._n rickartoâ—n_n j._n smith_n p._n hepbuâ—â—_n d._n home_n keir_n ja._n sword_n scots-leager_n at_o newcastle_n sept._n 8_o 1640._o 1640_o an._n 1640_o on_o the_o 24_o of_o september_n the_o peer_n of_o england_n have_v meet_v the_o king_n by_o their_o advice_n command_v his_o secretary_n to_o write_v the_o follow_a letter_n my_o lord_n treaty_n the_o king_n appoint_v a_o 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the_o first_o of_o these_o most_o assent_v but_o few_o be_v cordial_a for_o the_o latter_a in_o order_n to_o this_o on_o the_o 15_o of_o january_n the_o scotish_n commissioner_n second_v the_o desire_n of_o the_o two_o house_n with_o a_o paper_n which_o they_o present_v to_o the_o king_n on_o that_o subject_a and_o afterward_o print_v it_o the_o king_n be_v high_o displease_v that_o they_o be_v not_o satisfy_v with_o the_o opposition_n they_o make_v he_o in_o scotland_n displeafed_a with_o which_o the_o king_n be_v high_o displeafed_a norwith_o the_o concession_n he_o have_v grant_v they_o there_o but_o be_v now_o come_v to_o foment_n trouble_v in_o england_n it_o be_v not_o long_o since_o they_o make_v loud_a complaint_n against_o the_o design_a uniformity_n with_o england_n and_o the_o interest_n the_o englishman_n have_v in_o manage_v the_o affair_n of_o the_o scotish_n kirk_n and_o will_v they_o now_o act_v that_o part_n which_o they_o have_v condemn_v in_o other_o they_o can_v 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this_o he_o say_v for_o give_v they_o satisfaction_n and_o it_o be_v the_o sum_n of_o what_o he_o repeat_v afterward_o upon_o the_o like_a occasion_n but_o in_o the_o end_n he_o tell_v they_o their_o commission_n be_v not_o to_o mediate_v betwixt_o he_o and_o the_o two_o house_n and_o therefore_o on_o the_o 19_o of_o january_n he_o sign_v the_o follow_a order_n to_o lanerick_n charles_n r._n we_o have_v think_v fit_a to_o require_v you_o to_o repair_v to_o the_o commissioner_n from_o our_o parliament_n of_o scotland_n and_o let_v they_o know_v more_o the_o king_n forbid_v their_o do_v so_o any_o more_o that_o we_o expect_v before_o they_o shall_v have_v interest_v themselves_o in_o any_o manner_n of_o way_n betwixt_o we_o and_o our_o parliament_n of_o england_n they_o will_v according_a to_o our_o desire_n express_v to_o they_o by_o our_o letter_n of_o the_o 13_o of_o this_o instant_a have_v acquaint_v we_o with_o their_o resolution_n in_o private_a and_o that_o for_o the_o time_n come_v we_o be_v very_o confident_a out_o of_o the_o respect_n due_a to_o we_o from_o they_o and_o their_o earnest_n desire_v to_o shun_v mistake_v and_o dispute_v they_o will_v no_o way_n engage_v themselves_o in_o these_o present_a difference_n without_o first_o they_o communicate_v their_o intention_n with_o we_o in_o private_a whereby_o all_o jealousy_n and_o suspicion_n may_v be_v remove_v and_o they_o better_o enable_v to_o do_v we_o service_n give_v at_o our_o honour_n of_o windsor_n the_o 19_o the_o of_o january_n 1641._o direct_v to_o our_o right_a trusty_a and_o right_o well-beloved_a cousin_n and_o councillor_n the_o earl_n of_o lanerick_n our_o secretary_n for_o scotland_n after_o this_o the_o king_n send_v mr._n mungo_n murray_n to_o scotland_n with_o complaint_n of_o the_o commissioner_n signify_v by_o the_o follow_a letter_n to_o the_o chancellor_n right_o trusty_a and_o right_a well-beloved_a cousin_n and_o chancellor_n we_o greet_v you_o well_o as_o it_o have_v be_v always_o our_o care_n and_o study_n to_o have_v a_o right_a understanding_n betwixt_o we_o and_o our_o subject_n of_o scotland_n scotland_n and_o complain_v of_o they_o in_o his_o letter_n to_o scotland_n so_o nothing_o can_v joy_v we_o more_o than_o to_o hear_v the_o effect_n thereof_o to_o be_v such_o as_o that_o they_o in_o peace_n and_o quietness_n enjoy_v the_o benefit_n of_o our_o court_n of_o justice_n and_o that_o under_o our_o government_n they_o reap_v the_o fruit_n of_o those_o sound_n and_o wholesome_a law_n establish_v in_o that_o kingdom_n by_o we_o and_o our_o predecessor_n for_o their_o good_a and_o happiness_n we_o can_v but_o take_v kind_o from_o you_o your_o represent_v unto_o we_o the_o misery_n and_o affliction_n to_o which_o our_o good_a subject_n of_o ireland_n be_v reduce_v through_o the_o inhuman_a and_o unheard-of_a cruelty_n of_o the_o rebel_n there_o we_o on_o our_o part_n have_v leave_v nothing_o undo_v which_o we_o think_v can_v express_v how_o sensible_a 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herein_o
they_o and_o possible_o by_o their_o desperate_a resolution_n of_o their_o engage_v they_o in_o a_o bloody_a and_o unnatural_a war._n those_o injury_n to_o we_o and_o oppression_n upon_o they_o we_o expect_v you_o who_o we_o have_v with_o advice_n of_o our_o parliament_n entrust_v with_o manage_v the_o great_a affair_n of_o that_o our_o kingdom_n will_v particular_o resent_v and_o therefore_o we_o have_v think_v fit_a to_o require_v you_o immediate_o after_o the_o receipt_n hereof_o to_o publish_v in_o our_o name_n a_o proclamation_n to_o all_o our_o love_a subject_n of_o that_o our_o native_a kingdom_n prohibit_v they_o under_o all_o high_a pain_n to_o give_v obedience_n to_o any_o act_n or_o ordinance_n of_o that_o pretend_a convention_n or_o of_o any_o committee_n pretend_v a_o power_n or_o authority_n from_o they_o but_o to_o oppose_v by_o arm_n or_o otherways_o all_o such_o person_n as_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o put_v in_o execution_n any_o act_n of_o they_o but_o such_o as_o we_o express_v in_o our_o letter_n we_o mention_v of_o the_o ten_o of_o june_n which_o be_v so_o much_o slight_v as_o it_o be_v refuse_v to_o be_v record_v for_o the_o raise_v of_o force_n or_o recall_v our_o scotish_n army_n in_o ireland_n or_o any_o part_n thereof_o without_o our_o knowledge_n and_o consent_n and_o we_o do_v likewise_o require_v that_o no_o tax_n impose_v upon_o our_o subject_n by_o that_o pretend_a authority_n be_v pay_v assure_v all_o our_o love_a subject_n of_o our_o protection_n in_o the_o obedience_n of_o these_o our_o command_n for_o which_o these_o shall_v be_v your_o warrant_n which_o we_o require_v you_o to_o record_v give_v at_o our_o court_n at_o oxford_n the_o 26_o of_o september_n in_o the_o 19_o year_n of_o our_o reign_n 1643._o with_o these_o his_o majesty_n write_v to_o my_o lord_n lanerick_n charles_n r._n right_o trusty_a and_o right_o well-beloved_a cousin_n and_o counsellor_n lanerick_n the_o king_n letter_n to_o lanerick_n we_o greet_v you_o well_o we_o have_v send_v to_o our_o privy-council_n of_o scotland_n our_o letter_n of_o direction_n what_o they_o shall_v do_v now_o that_o the_o general_n meet_v there_o have_v proceed_v to_o such_o strange_a and_o undutiful_a resolution_n beyond_o the_o matter_n we_o prefix_v they_o to_o treat_v upon_o by_o our_o former_a letter_n of_o those_o our_o letter_n we_o have_v send_v you_o a_o exact_a copy_n and_o particular_a direction_n to_o yourself_o what_o you_o shall_v do_v in_o order_n thereunto_o when_o you_o shall_v think_v fit_a for_o our_o service_n to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o same_o but_o we_o leave_v it_o now_o to_o your_o discretion_n and_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o rest_n who_o we_o have_v entrust_v with_o the_o affair_n of_o that_o our_o kingdom_n to_o deliver_v these_o our_o letter_n to_o our_o say_a privy-council_n at_o that_o time_n and_o no_o soon_o than_o you_o shall_v conceive_v to_o be_v most_o conducible_a to_o our_o service_n and_o the_o good_a of_o that_o kingdom_n for_o if_o you_o shall_v find_v that_o no_o obedience_n be_v likely_a to_o be_v give_v to_o those_o our_o command_n you_o be_v to_o consider_v how_o far_o you_o who_o be_v our_o faithful_a servant_n there_o will_v be_v able_a to_o withstand_v those_o insolence_n which_o of_o necessity_n must_v follow_v upon_o such_o disobedience_n and_o what_o the_o consequence_n will_v be_v to_o anger_v before_o we_o be_v able_a to_o punish_v such_o offender_n but_o our_o will_n be_v that_o you_o forthwith_o publish_v the_o other_o anent_o the_o proclamation_n precept_n or_o warrant_n false_o publish_v in_o our_o name_n and_o we_o further_o require_v you_o to_o do_v whatsoever_o else_o you_o with_o the_o rest_n who_o we_o have_v trust_v with_o the_o affair_n of_o that_o our_o kingdom_n shall_v conceive_v most_o to_o conduce_v to_o our_o service_n as_o you_o will_v answer_v to_o we_o at_o your_o peril_n and_o for_o so_o do_v this_o shall_v be_v a_o sufficient_a warrant_n to_o you_o and_o those_o other_o entrust_v by_o we_o as_o aforesaid_a give_v at_o our_o court_n at_o oxford_n 26_o of_o september_n 1643._o the_o lord_n who_o his_o majesty_n trust_v judge_v it_o not_o fit_v to_o present_v the_o letter_n write_v to_o the_o council_n and_o suppress_v it_o but_o his_o majesty_n write_v another_o letter_n to_o the_o council_n about_o the_o proclamation_n which_o be_v issue_v forth_o in_o his_o name_n by_o the_o convention_n of_o estate_n which_o follow_v charles_n r._n council_n the_o king_n letter_n about_o the_o proclamation_n to_o the_o council_n right_o trusty_a and_o right_o well-beloved_a cousin_n and_o counsellor_n and_o trusty_a and_o well-beloved_a counsellor_n we_o greet_v you_o well_o whereas_o we_o be_v gracious_o please_v to_o condescend_v that_o this_o present_a meeting_n in_o our_o kingdom_n of_o scotland_n of_o our_o nobility_n there_o and_o the_o commissioner_n for_o shire_n and_o burrough_n shall_v resolve_v and_o conclude_v of_o such_o particular_a affair_n as_o we_o specify_v and_o allow_v to_o they_o for_o the_o security_n and_o good_a of_o that_o our_o kingdom_n in_o our_o late_a letter_n to_o they_o date_v the_o 10_o of_o june_n last_o and_o for_o as_o much_o as_o we_o have_v to_o our_o great_a amazement_n new_o see_v a_o paper_n in_o form_n of_o a_o proclamation_n precept_n or_o warrant_n in_o our_o royal_a name_n date_v at_o edinburgh_n the_o 18_o of_o august_n subscribe_v per_fw-la actum_fw-la dominorum_fw-la conventionis_fw-la arch._n primrose_n cler._n conven_n be_v a_o paper_n most_o impudent_o set_v forth_o without_o our_o privity_n or_o any_o authority_n from_o we_o and_o tend_v to_o cast_v our_o belove_a people_n of_o that_o our_o native_a kingdom_n into_o the_o like_a and_o more_o bloody_a combustion_n and_o rebellion_n violation_n of_o their_o religion_n and_o allegiance_n to_o we_o and_o law_n of_o that_o our_o hitherto_o peaceful_a native_a kingdom_n as_o have_v be_v here_o practise_v by_o the_o malicious_a enemy_n of_o 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which_o these_o our_o say_a letter_n shall_v be_v your_o sufficient_a warrant_n give_v at_o our_o court_n at_o oxford_n the_o 26_o day_n of_o september_n in_o the_o 19_o year_n of_o our_o reign_n 1643._o he_o write_v also_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o lanerick_n charles_n r._n purpose_n his_o majesty_n letter_n to_o lanerick_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n right_o trusty_a and_o right_o well-beloved_a cousin_n and_o counsellor_n we_o greet_v you_o well_o whereas_o we_o have_v think_v fit_a for_o the_o good_a of_o our_o service_n and_o safety_n of_o our_o people_n to_o require_v our_o council_n to_o publish_v a_o proclamation_n in_o our_o name_n to_o all_o our_o love_a subject_n in_o scotland_n discharge_v they_o to_o give_v obedience_n to_o any_o act_n or_o ordinance_n of_o the_o pretend_a convention_n of_o the_o estate_n at_o edinburgh_n the_o 22_o of_o june_n or_o of_o any_o committee_n pretend_v authority_n from_o they_o but_o to_o oppose_v with_o arm_n or_o otherways_o all_o such_o person_n as_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o put_v in_o execution_n any_o act_n of_o they_o but_o if_o our_o privy_a council_n shall_v not_o give_v present_a obedience_n to_o our_o command_n and_o publish_v this_o our_o pleasure_n these_o be_v to_o require_v you_o to_o take_v what_o course_n you_o shall_v think_v most_o fit_a to_o make_v this_o know_a to_o all_o our_o love_a subject_n either_o by_o give_v warrant_n in_o our_o name_n to_o print_v our_o letter_n to_o our_o council_n or_o by_o send_v attest_v copy_n thereof_o to_o all_o the_o nobility_n sheriff_n of_o county_n and_o major_n of_o town_n within_o our_o kingdom_n of_o scotland_n a_o duplicate_v whereof_o you_o will_v herewith_o receive_v under_o our_o own_o royal_a hand_n and_o we_o further_o require_v you_o to_o do_v whatsoever_o else_o you_o with_o the_o rest_n who_o we_o have_v trust_v with_o the_o affair_n of_o that_o our_o kingdom_n shall_v conceive_v
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be_v and_o have_v be_v always_o willing_a to_o prevent_v the_o practice_n of_o papist_n and_o therefore_o be_v content_a to_o pass_v a_o act_n of_o parliament_n for_o that_o purpose_n as_o also_o that_o the_o law_n against_o they_o may_v be_v due_o execute_v his_o majesty_n will_v give_v his_o consent_n to_o the_o act_n for_o the_o strict_a observance_n of_o the_o lord_n day_n for_o the_o suppress_n of_o innovation_n and_o those_o concern_v the_o preach_a of_o god_n word_n and_o touch_v non-residencies_a and_o plurality_n and_o his_o majesty_n will_v be_v willing_a to_o pass_v such_o a_o act_n or_o act_n as_o shall_v be_v requisite_a to_o raise_v money_n for_o the_o payment_n and_o satisfaction_n of_o all_o public_a and_o past_a debt_n expect_v that_o his_o also_o will_v be_v therein_o include_v as_o to_o the_o proposition_n concern_v the_o militia_n though_o his_o majesty_n can_v consent_v to_o it_o in_o terminis_fw-la as_o it_o be_v propose_v because_o thereby_o as_o he_o conceive_v he_o whole_o deve_v himself_o of_o the_o power_n of_o the_o sword_n entrust_v to_o he_o by_o god_n and_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n for_o the_o protection_n and_o government_n of_o his_o people_n and_o place_v the_o same_o in_o effect_n for_o ever_o in_o the_o two_o house_n of_o parliament_n thereby_o at_o once_o disinherit_n his_o posterity_n of_o that_o right_n and_o prerogative_n of_o the_o crown_n which_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a to_o the_o kingly_a office_n and_o so_o weaken_v monarchy_n in_o this_o kingdom_n that_o little_o more_o than_o the_o name_n and_o shadow_n of_o it_o will_v remain_v yet_o if_o it_o be_v only_a security_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o peace_n of_o this_o kingdom_n after_o these_o unhappy_a trouble_n and_o the_o due_a performance_n of_o all_o the_o agreement_n that_o now_o be_v to_o be_v conclude_v which_o be_v desire_v which_o his_o majesty_n always_o understand_v to_o be_v the_o case_n and_o hope_n that_o â—erein_o he_o be_v not_o mistake_v his_o majesty_n will_v give_v abundant_a satisfaction_n to_o which_o end_n he_o will_v consent_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n that_o the_o whole_a power_n of_o the_o militia_n both_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n be_v in_o the_o two_o house_n for_o the_o space_n of_o ten_o year_n and_o afterward_o to_o return_v to_o its_o proper_a channel_n again_o as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o time_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n and_o king_n james_n of_o bless_a memory_n and_o now_o his_o majesty_n conjure_v his_o two_o house_n of_o parliament_n as_o they_o be_v englishman_n christian_n and_o lover_n of_o peace_n by_o the_o duty_n which_o they_o owe_v to_o he_o their_o king_n and_o by_o the_o bowel_n of_o compassion_n which_o they_o have_v to_o their_o fellow-subject_n that_o they_o will_v accept_v of_o these_o his_o majesty_n offer_n whereby_o the_o joyful_a news_n of_o peace_n may_v be_v again_o restore_v to_o this_o languish_a kingdom_n his_o majesty_n will_v grant_v the_o same_o to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o scotland_n if_o it_o be_v desire_v touch_v the_o conservation_n of_o the_o peace_n betwixt_o his_o two_o kingdom_n touch_v ireland_n his_o majesty_n will_v give_v full_a satisfaction_n as_o to_o the_o manage_n of_o war_n and_o for_o religion_n as_o in_o england_n touch_v the_o mutual_a declaration_n propose_v to_o be_v establish_v in_o both_o kingdom_n by_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o the_o qualification_n mollification_n and_o branch_n which_o follow_v in_o the_o proposition_n his_o majesty_n true_o profess_v that_o he_o do_v not_o sufficient_o understand_v divers_a thing_n contain_v therein_o but_o this_o he_o sufficient_o know_v that_o a_o general_n act_n of_o oblivion_n be_v the_o best_a bond_n of_o peace_n and_o that_o after_o intestine_a trouble_n the_o wisdom_n of_o this_o and_o other_o kingdom_n have_v usual_o and_o happy_o in_o all_o age_n grant_v general_a pardon_n with_o none_o or_o very_o few_o exception_n whereby_o the_o numerous_a discontentment_n of_o
be_v a_o necessity_n of_o search_v divers_a record_n for_o precedent_n which_o require_v a_o competent_a time_n as_o have_v be_v allow_v in_o former_a case_n but_o the_o court_n refuse_v to_o promise_v it_o only_o they_o say_v they_o will_v take_v it_o into_o their_o consideration_n the_o counsel_n insist_v and_o say_v plain_o they_o decline_v the_o employment_n on_o those_o term_n and_o will_v be_v force_v to_o declare_v it_o monday_n the_o 26_o the_o other_o two_o officer_n that_o have_v sign_v the_o capitulation_n for_o the_o duke_n and_o his_o troop_n appearance_n the_o nine_o appearance_n who_o have_v be_v send_v for_o a_o great_a way_n off_o be_v examine_v who_o agree_v with_o the_o former_a witness_n in_o matter_n of_o fact_n and_o also_o with_o lilburn_n that_o by_o sign_v the_o article_n they_o only_o mean_v the_o duke_n shall_v be_v preserve_v from_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o soldier_n and_o not_o from_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o parliament_n then_o the_o counsel_n begin_v to_o plead_v and_o all_o four_o speak_v on_o the_o several_a head_n of_o the_o plea_n mr._n heron_n speak_v cursory_o and_o elegant_o but_o not_o very_o material_o mr._n parson_n a_o young_a man_n speak_v bold_o and_o to_o good_a purpose_n mr._n chute_n the_o civilian_n speak_v learned_o and_o home_o and_o mr._n hales_n since_o the_o much-renowned_n lord_n chief_a justice_n of_o the_o king_n bench_n elaborate_o and_o at_o length_n the_o head_n of_o their_o argument_n follow_v he_o the_o duke_n counsel_n at_o law_n plead_v for_o he_o the_o duke_n be_v as_o be_v grant_v a_o bear_a scotchman_n his_o tie_n of_o obligation_n and_o subjection_n to_o that_o kingdom_n be_v indispensable_a and_o indissoluble_a so_o that_o his_o late_a employment_n can_v not_o be_v refuse_v when_o lay_v on_o he_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o that_o kingdom_n no_o more_o than_o a_o native_a of_o england_n live_v in_o it_o can_v disobey_v the_o command_n of_o this_o parliament_n whereas_o any_o subjection_n the_o 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ambiguous_a yet_o they_o say_v the_o exposition_n of_o those_o who_o sign_v they_o be_v to_o be_v admit_v since_o every_o man_n be_v to_o be_v the_o expounder_n of_o his_o own_o word_n and_o plead_v some_o precedent_n about_o the_o exposition_n of_o ambiguous_a word_n but_o the_o word_n here_o be_v plain_a and_o not_o ambiguous_a only_o a_o treacherous_a equivocation_n be_v invent_v to_o break_v they_o cook_n by_o a_o strange_a subtlety_n say_v the_o article_n only_o secure_v his_o life_n during_o imprisonment_n so_o that_o his_o break_n of_o prison_n and_o be_v retake_v put_v a_o end_n to_o the_o obligation_n of_o the_o article_n though_o he_o break_v not_o not_o prison_n but_o go_v out_o at_o door_n and_o gate_n which_o be_v no_o crime_n thus_o do_v the_o counsel_n of_o the_o people_n plead_v against_o he_o to_o the_o conviction_n of_o all_o who_o look_v on_o that_o they_o thirst_v for_o his_o blood_n and_o be_v only_o seek_v colour_n of_o justice_n for_o it_o which_o yet_o be_v so_o 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james_n hamilton_n i_o have_v give_v something_o to_o they_o during_o their_o life_n which_o i_o hope_v you_o will_v see_v pay_v to_o they_o i_o shall_v say_v no_o more_o but_o the_o lord_n of_o his_o mercy_n preserve_v you_o and_o give_v you_o grace_n to_o apply_v yourself_o aright_o to_o he_o in_o who_o there_o be_v only_a fullness_n of_o joy._n dote_v not_o upon_o the_o world_n all_o be_v but_o vanity_n and_o vexation_n of_o spirit_n grieve_v not_o for_o what_o be_v befall_v i_o for_o it_o be_v by_o the_o appointment_n of_o he_o that_o rule_v in_o earth_n and_o heaven_n thither_o the_o lord_n jesus_n be_v please_v to_o carry_v the_o sinful_a soul_n of_o your_o most_o love_a brother_n hamilton_n march_z 8_o 1649._o at_o night_n the_o duke_n the_o earl_n of_o norwich_n the_o lord_n capel_n and_o sir_n john_n owen_n be_v all_o bring_v to_o one_o room_n where_o they_o lie_v all_o night_n it_o be_v very_o late_o before_o they_o go_v to_o bed_n every_o one_o have_v his_o friend_n to_o 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