125._o the_o antiquity_n of_o parliament_n folio_fw-la 128._o 24_o answer_n to_o the_o the_o second_o reason_n urge_v for_o imposition_n that_o the_o king_n may_v total_o restrain_v importation_n and_o exportation_n and_o therefore_o may_v restrain_v sub_fw-la modo_fw-la by_o lay_v imposition_n folio_fw-la 124_o 125_o etc._n etc._n 25_o answer_n to_o the_o three_o reason_n that_o the_o port_n be_v the_o king_n and_o that_o he_o may_v open_v and_o shut_v they_o on_o what_o condition_n he_o please_v folio_fw-la 136._o 26_o answer_n to_o the_o four_o reason_n that_o the_o king_n be_v bind_v to_o protect_v merchant_n and_o safeguard_v the_o sea_n and_o that_o therefore_o he_o may_v lay_v moderate_a imposition_n for_o raise_v of_o many_o to_o defray_v his_o charge_n folio_fw-la 138._o 27_o answer_n to_o the_o five_o objection_n that_o all_o foreign_a prince_n have_v power_n to_o impose_v and_o if_o our_o king_n shall_v not_o have_v the_o like_a it_o may_v be_v very_o inconvenient_a to_o this_o state_n ibid._n 28_o a_o summary_n conclusion_n of_o the_o whole_a argument_n folio_fw-la 141._o mr._n speaker_n the_o question_n now_o in_o debate_n among_o we_o be_v whether_o his_o m_n tie_v may_v by_o his_o prerogative_n royal_a without_o assent_n of_o parliament_n at_o his_o own_o will_n and_o pleasure_n lay_v a_o new_a charge_n or_o imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n to_o be_v bring_v into_o or_o out_o of_o this_o kingdom_n of_o england_n and_o enforce_v merchant_n to_o pay_v the_o same_o i_o must_v confess_v that_o when_o this_o point_n be_v first_o stir_v among_o we_o and_o that_o we_o not_o content_v to_o seek_v redress_n for_o the_o excess_n of_o the_o present_a imposition_n resolve_v to_o proceed_v far_o by_o call_v his_o majesty_n right_a of_o impose_v into_o question_n i_o be_v very_o sorry_a for_o i_o see_v we_o be_v then_o in_o a_o fair_a way_n to_o have_v obtain_v a_o very_a great_a abatement_n of_o the_o imposition_n that_o now_o be_v and_o beside_o we_o have_v his_o majesty_n promise_n never_o to_o lay_v any_o more_o but_o in_o parliament_n time_n by_o the_o advice_n and_o free_a consent_n of_o his_o subject_n repair_v hither_o from_o all_o part_n of_o the_o realm_n this_o hope_n of_o a_o present_a ease_n and_o gracious_a promise_n for_o the_o time_n to_o come_v give_v i_o i_o confess_v a_o full_a satisfaction_n especial_o see_v i_o be_v confident_o persuade_v that_o his_o majesty_n right_a to_o impose_v be_v very_o clear_a and_o not_o to_o be_v dispute_v and_o that_o therefore_o by_o draw_v into_o question_n the_o right_n we_o may_v give_v his_o majesty_n just_a occasion_n to_o withdraw_v from_o we_o his_o gracious_a purpose_n of_o the_o present_a abatement_n as_o also_o his_o promise_n for_o the_o time_n to_o come_v for_o sir_n when_o the_o case_n of_o bates_n who_o as_o you_o know_v be_v call_v into_o question_n for_o refuse_v to_o pay_v the_o imposition_n lay_v upon_o curran_n be_v argue_v in_o the_o exchequer_n in_o which_o case_n his_o 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plowdens_n argument_n against_o it_o in_o m._n tates_n hand_n but_o their_o resolution_n be_v not_o where_o to_o be_v find_v at_o least_o by_o we_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o if_o they_o have_v give_v judgement_n for_o the_o queen_n it_o will_v not_o have_v be_v keep_v close_o but_o howsoever_o the_o profit_n be_v too_o great_a to_o be_v take_v from_o the_o crown_n and_o therefore_o it_o continue_v till_o this_o day_n howsoever_o the_o reason_n in_o equity_n in_o the_o lay_v this_o imposition_n upon_o cloth_n may_v seem_v to_o be_v sound_n unto_o some_o man_n and_o so_o to_o allow_v of_o this_o imposition_n as_o differ_v from_o we_o yet_o for_o my_o part_n i_o hold_v it_o not_o so_o when_o i_o consider_v what_o course_n be_v take_v by_o ed._n 3._o upon_o the_o same_o occasion_n a_o 11._o e._n 3._o c._n 1._o &_o 2._o it_o be_v enact_v that_o no_o wool_n shall_v be_v carry_v out_o of_o england_n but_o by_o the_o king_n licence_n and_o that_o no_o man_n shall_v wear_v cloth_n 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par._n 2_o e_o 1._o m._n 17._o ro._n fin_n 31_o e._n 1._o n._n 44._o ro._n pat._n 17_o h._n 6._o ro._n clo._n in_o dorso_fw-la upon_o which_o they_o infer_v that_o if_o he_o may_v restrain_v a_o merchant_n that_o he_o shall_v not_o pass_v at_o all_o he_o may_v much_o more_o so_o restrain_v he_o that_o he_o shall_v not_o pass_v except_o he_o pay_v a_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n for_o this_o say_v they_o be_v less_o than_o total_o to_o restrain_v he_o and_o cui_fw-la licet_fw-la quod_fw-la majus_fw-la licet_fw-la etiam_fw-la quod_fw-la minus_fw-la of_o this_o argument_n my_o l._n dyer_n give_v light_a in_o his_o case_n of_o imposition_n 1_o eliz._n and_o this_o have_v be_v diverse_o enforce_v by_o all_o that_o have_v argue_v for_o imposition_n in_o answer_n of_o which_o i_o will_v consider_v how_o far_o the_o king_n may_v restrain_v the_o passage_n of_o merchant_n and_o then_o will_v examine_v the_o consequence_n of_o the_o argument_n for_o my_o part_n i_o think_v the_o king_n can_v 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do_v not_o give_v the_o king_n leave_v to_o restrain_v their_o passage_n by_o his_o absolute_a power_n it_o be_v very_o improvident_a in_o the_o high_a point_n which_o can_v be_v imagine_v of_o so_o wise_a a_o law_n and_o yet_o the_o king_n of_o this_o realm_n have_v always_o be_v spare_v in_o the_o practice_n of_o their_o absolute_a power_n in_o this_o point_n for_o there_o be_v little_o less_o than_o 30._o act_n of_o parliament_n touch_v the_o open_n and_o shut_v up_o of_o the_o passage_n of_o merchant_n most_o of_o which_o as_o i_o conceive_v be_v make_v rather_o for_o the_o increase_n of_o punishment_n then_o for_o want_v of_o power_n in_o the_o king_n for_o the_o breach_n of_o a_o restraint_n by_o absolute_a commandment_n be_v punishable_a as_o all_o other_o contempt_n only_o by_o fine_a and_o imprisonment_n and_o not_o by_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o merchandize_n
king_n and_o that_o he_o may_v open_v they_o and_o shut_v they_o upon_o what_o condition_n he_o please_v answer_v and_o in_o regard_n thereof_o he_o may_v open_v and_o shut_v they_o upon_o what_o condition_n he_o please_v i_o answer_v i._o that_o the_o position_n that_o all_o the_o port_n be_v the_o king_n be_v not_o general_o true_a for_o subject_n may_v also_o be_v owner_n of_o port_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o patent_n roll_v of_o 3._o e._n 1._o m._n 1._o parl._n where_o you_o shall_v find_v that_o king_n ed._n 1._o grant_v to_o the_o lord_n of_o port_n town_n the_o forfeiture_n grant_v to_o he_o by_o parliament_n for_o not_o due_o pay_v the_o new_a custom_n of_o the_o demy-marke_a within_o every_o several_a port_n of_o they_o where_o the_o merchandize_n shall_v happen_v to_o be_v import_v or_o export_v but_o admit_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o position_n yet_o be_v the_o consequence_n as_o weak_a and_o dangerous_a as_o of_o any_o of_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o argument_n for_o 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his_o court_n gate_n because_o of_o the_o publicness_n of_o his_o person_n nor_o for_o passage_n through_o the_o gate_n of_o city_n much_o less_o may_v he_o for_o passage_n out_o at_o the_o port_n which_o be_v the_o great_a gate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o which_o the_o subject_n ought_v as_o free_o to_o enjoy_v as_o the_o air_n or_o the_o water_n another_o of_o their_o argument_n be_v this_o answer_v the_o four_o argument_n that_o the_o king_n be_v bind_v at_o his_o own_o charge_n to_o protect_v merchant_n &_o therefore_o it_o be_v necessary_a it_o shall_v be_v in_o his_o power_n to_o lay_v moderate_a imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n for_o raise_v of_o money_n to_o defray_v his_o charge_n answer_v the_o king_n be_v bind_v to_o protect_v merchant_n from_o spoil_n by_o the_o enemy_n he_o ought_v to_o fortify_v the_o havens_n that_o their_o ship_n may_v there_o abide_v in_o safety_n he_o ought_v if_o occasion_n be_v to_o send_v ambassador_n to_o foreign_a prince_n to_o negotiate_v for_o they_o and_o many_o the_o like_a charge_n be_v the_o king_n by_o the_o law_n to_o undergo_v for_o the_o protection_n of_o his_o merchant_n it_o be_v reason_n therefore_o that_o his_o expense_n be_v defraied_a out_o of_o the_o profit_n make_v by_o merchant_n and_o consequent_o that_o he_o may_v impose_v upon_o merchandise_n a_o moderate_a charge_n thereby_o to_o repay_v himself_o the_o consequence_n of_o this_o argument_n be_v thus_o far_o true_a the_o law_n expect_v that_o the_o king_n shall_v protect_v merchant_n therefore_o it_o allow_v he_o out_o of_o merchandise_n a_o revenue_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o his_o charge_n which_o be_v the_o old_a custom_n due_a as_o at_o first_o i_o say_v by_o the_o common_a law_n but_o it_o be_v no_o good_a consequence_n answer_v the_o five_o argument_n that_o all_o foreign_a prince_n have_v power_n to_o impose_v and_o if_o our_o king_n have_v not_o the_o like_a it_o may_v be_v very_o inconvenient_a to_o this_o state_n answer_v that_o therefore_o he_o may_v take_v what_o he_o listen_v no_o more_o than_o he_o may_v at_o his_o pleasure_n increase_v that_o old_a revenue_n which_o the_o law_n give_v he_o for_o protect_v of_o subject_n in_o their_o suit_n or_o for_o protect_a ward_n etc._n etc._n another_o argument_n of_o they_o be_v this_o all_z other_z prince_n of_o the_o world_n may_v impose_v upon_o merchandise_n at_o their_o pleasure_n and_o so_o may_v make_v our_o merchandize_n less_o vendible_a with_o they_o by_o lay_v a_o imposition_n upon_o they_o to_o be_v pay_v by_o we_o when_o they_o be_v bring_v into_o their_o territory_n whereby_o their_o own_o commodity_n of_o the_o same_o nature_n may_v be_v sell_v more_o to_o the_o gain_n of_o their_o merchant_n and_o our_o merchant_n impoverish_v or_o drive_v from_o his_o trade_n they_o may_v also_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o our_o merchant_n fetch_v commodity_n from_o thence_o and_o leave_v their_o own_o merchant_n free_a from_o any_o imposition_n in_o the_o same_o 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their_o opinion_n as_o i_o conceive_v be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o colourable_o to_o be_v maintain_v and_o that_o to_o maintain_v the_o same_o it_o be_v not_o at_o all_o necessary_a to_o induce_v my_o conclusion_n and_o although_o to_o admit_v it_o it_o may_v seem_v perhaps_o no_o good_a policy_n of_o argument_n but_o rather_o a_o great_a disadvantage_n to_o i_o to_o admit_v that_o without_o which_o the_o contrary_a part_n can_v uphold_v their_o opinion_n and_o which_o be_v admit_v can_v make_v any_o thing_n for_o i_o yet_o because_o we_o be_v here_o not_o as_o arguer_n at_o the_o bar_n but_o as_o judge_n in_o a_o high-court_n and_o that_o all_o our_o end_n tend_v to_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o truth_n i_o will_v therefore_o not_o only_o admit_v it_o but_o will_v maintain_v it_o as_o well_o as_o i_o can_v that_o custom_n be_v due_a by_o the_o common-law_n i_o collect_v law_n that_o there_o be_v ever_o some_o custom_n due_a by_o the_o common_a law_n first_o by_o the_o name_n thereof_o 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no_o law_n out_o of_o these_o ground_n i_o may_v then_o in_o my_o opinion_n safe_o and_o with_o some_o confidence_n deduce_v and_o maintain_v this_o position_n pleasure_n that_o all_o the_o revenue_n which_o the_o common_a law_n give_v to_o the_o king_n out_o of_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o subject_n be_v certain_a or_o reduceable_a to_o a_o certainty_n by_o a_o legal_a course_n and_o none_o leave_v to_o the_o king_n pleasure_n that_o the_o common-law_n of_o england_n give_v to_o the_o king_n as_o to_o the_o head_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n no_o perpetual_a revenue_n or_o matter_n of_o profit_n out_o of_o the_o interest_n or_o property_n of_o the_o subject_a but_o it_o either_o limit_v a_o certainty_n therein_o at_o the_o first_o or_o otherwise_o have_v so_o provide_v that_o if_o it_o be_v uncertain_a in_o itself_o it_o be_v reduceable_a to_o a_o certainty_n only_o by_o a_o legal_a course_n that_o be_v to_o say_v either_o by_o parliament_n by_o judge_n or_o jury_n &_o not_o by_o the_o king_n own_o absolute_a will_n and_o pleasure_n though_o this_o position_n be_v ground_v upon_o those_o sure_a foundation_n out_o of_o which_o i_o have_v as_o you_o perceive_v draw_v it_o and_o needs_o no_o far_a proof_n yet_o because_o you_o shall_v see_v how_o plentiful_a the_o truth_n be_v in_o reason_n to_o maintain_v itself_o i_o will_v further_o open_v unto_o you_o the_o particular_a reason_n of_o this_o position_n which_o be_v these_o first_o the_o law_n require_v certainty_n in_o matter_n of_o profit_n revenue_n the_o reason_n why_o the_o law_n require_v such_o certainty_n in_o those_o revenue_n between_o the_o king_n and_o the_o poor_a subject_n because_o to_o make_v any_o man_n judge_n in_o his_o own_o case_n especial_o the_o mighty_a over_o the_o weak_a and_o that_o in_o a_o point_n of_o profit_n to_o he_o that_o judge_v be_v to_o leave_v a_o way_n open_a to_o oppression_n and_o bondage_n second_o because_o by_o reduce_v it_o to_o a_o certainty_n the_o king_n may_v know_v what_o certainty_n to_o expect_v that_o so_o he_o may_v order_v his_o charge_n according_o three_o that_o the_o subject_n may_v know_v likewise_o what_o he_o be_v to_o pay_v that_o so_o he_o may_v know_v certain_o what_o shall_v remain_v to_o he_o as_o his_o own_o final_o that_o the_o king_n may_v not_o depend_v upon_o the_o good_a will_n of_o his_o subject_n for_o his_o revenue_n see_v the_o law_n expect_v he_o shall_v bear_v the_o charge_n but_o may_v know_v in_o certainty_n what_o to_o claim_v as_o due_a to_o he_o and_o may_v according_o compel_v the_o subject_a to_o pay_v it_o and_o that_o the_o subject_n may_v not_o be_v under_o the_o king_n absolute_a power_n to_o pay_v what_o the_o king_n please_v which_o may_v perhaps_o extend_v to_o the_o whole_a value_n of_o the_o merchandise_n you_o see_v in_o general_a how_o the_o law_n by_o require_v certainty_n in_o matter_n of_o profit_n between_o the_o king_n and_o the_o subject_a prevent_v many_o mischief_n which_o will_v fall_v out_o if_o the_o law_n be_v otherwise_o and_o therefore_o without_o more_o say_n i_o may_v here_o conclude_v that_o custom_n be_v due_a by_o the_o common-law_n be_v and_o be_v a_o sum_n certain_a not_o to_o be_v increase_v at_o the_o king_n pleasure_n by_o way_n of_o imposition_n but_o because_o there_o be_v many_o other_o revenue_n due_a to_o the_o king_n by_o the_o common-law_n as_o well_o as_o custom_n if_o they_o all_o or_o as_o many_o as_o we_o can_v call_v to_o mind_n shall_v fall_v out_o to_o be_v as_o i_o have_v say_v sum_v certain_a and_o not_o subject_a to_o be_v increase_v at_o the_o king_n will_v this_o will_v be_v a_o forcible_a argument_n that_o custom_n be_v likewise_o certain_a and_o not_o to_o be_v inhannce_v at_o the_o king_n pleasure_n for_o this_o argument_n draw_v à _fw-la simili_fw-la be_v of_o great_a force_n and_o the_o most_o usual_a of_o any_o other_o in_o debate_n of_o thing_n doubtful_a in_o law_n quae_fw-la legibus_fw-la decisa_fw-la non_fw-la sunt_fw-la index_n ex_fw-la he_o quae_fw-la decisa_fw-la sunt_fw-la statuet_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr similibus_fw-la ad_fw-la similia_fw-la procedat_fw-la may_v it_o please_v you_o to_o consider_v in_o this_o respect_n other_o revenue_n which_o the_o common-law_n of_o this_o land_n give_v the_o king_n certain_a example_n of_o revenue_n give_v by_o the_o common-law_n to_o the_o king_n out_o of_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o subject_a that_o they_o be_v certain_a and_o according_a to_o the_o rule_n to_o decide_v that_o which_o be_v in_o question_n by_o the_o same_o rule_n and_o measure_n by_o which_o other_o thing_n of_o the_o same_o nature_n have_v be_v decide_v and_o order_v the_o common-law_n give_v the_o king_n a_o fine_a for_o the_o purchase_n of_o a_o original_n write_v be_v it_o certain_a it_o be_v and_o ever_o have_v be_v if_o the_o debt_n or_o damage_n demand_v amount_v to_o above_o forty_o pound_n the_o fine_a be_v and_o ever_o have_v be_v six_o shil_n eight_o penny_n and_o no_o more_o if_o to_o a_o hundred_o pound_n than_o ten_o shilling_n and_o no_o more_o may_v the_o king_n increase_v this_o fine_a at_o his_o pleasure_n there_o be_v no_o man_n that_o will_v say_v he_o may_v there_o be_v a_o fine_a due_a by_o the_o common-law_n pro_fw-la licentia_fw-la concordandi_fw-la be_v it_o not_o certain_o know_v and_o so_o have_v always_o be_v to_o be_v the_o ten_o part_n of_o the_o land_n comprise_v in_o the_o writ_n of_o covenant_n and_o be_v not_o also_o the_o post-fine_a thereupon_o due_a certain_o know_v to_o be_v once_o and_o a_o half_a as_o much_o more_o as_o the_o fine_a pro_fw-la licentia_fw-la concordandi_fw-la or_o pre-fine_a as_o for_o example_n when_o the_o pre-fine_a be_v ten_o shilling_n the_o post-fine_a to_o be_v fifteen_o shilling_n and_o can_v the_o king_n demand_v any_o more_o of_o the_o subject_a so_o likewise_o when_o in_o a_o writ_n of_o right_n the_o demandant_n allege_v the_o seisin_n of_o his_o ancestor_n will_v not_o be_v compel_v to_o prove_v the_o seisin_n allege_v be_v he_o not_o to_o tender_v to_o the_o king_n a_o sum_n certain_a of_o a_o demy-mark_a to_o have_v this_o benefit_n be_v it_o ever_o more_o or_o less_o or_o can_v it_o now_o be_v more_o if_o the_o king_n will_v these_o among_o many_o other_o be_v duty_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n by_o the_o common_a law_n from_o the_o subject_a for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o his_o charge_n in_o the_o administration_n of_o justice_n which_o the_o civilian_n call_v vectigal_a judiciarium_fw-la there_o be_v also_o in_o divers_a other_o case_n duty_n certain_a belong_v to_o the_o king_n by_o the_o common-law_n as_o for_o example_n the_o relief_n for_o a_o earldom_n be_v certain_o know_v to_o be_v a_o hundred_o pound_n for_o a_o barony_n a_o hundred_o mark_n for_o a_o knight_n fee_v a_o hundred_o shilling_n all_o which_o in_o the_o statute_n of_o