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law_n	england_n	king_n	kingdom_n	13,057	5	6.0109	4	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A66737	The history of the Kings Majesties affairs in Scotland under the conduct of the most Honourable James Marques of Montrose, Earl of Kincardin, &c. and generall governour of that kingdome. In the years, 1644. 1645. & 1646.; De rebus auspiciis serenissimi, & potentissimi Caroli. English.	Wishart, George, 1599-1671.; Matham, Adriaan, 1599?-1660, engraver.	1647 (1647)	Wing W3120; ESTC R217175	112,902	212

appearing beares his name to this day and by the neighbouring inhabitants is called Graemsdijke And this same founder of that Noble race after the death of his Sonne in Law King Ferguse being declared Administrator of the Kingdome and appointed Governour to the young King his grandchilde was no lesse famous for his peaceable Government then exploits of warre For having recalled and brought home againe the Doctors and Professors of the Christian faith banished by late persecution warre to their native Countrey settled aswel the Church as Kingdome with wholesome Laws of his own free accord gave up the Government to his Grand-child now grown to some ripenes o● yeares He lived in the dayes of Honorius and Arcadius Emperours about the yeare of our Lord 400. from whose loynes sprang a long flowrishin● stemme of sons and nephewes who inheriting still that the● greate Grandfathers Vertues grew famous in the following generations Among these that valiant Graeme was eminent who with Dunbarre brought timous aide to his Countrey then in greate danger by the Dones who having overpowered England from thence with greate Armies often but in vaine invaded Scotland And after that most Noble Iohn Graeme came short for vertue just renowne of none of all his auncestors who after the fatall end of Alexander the third of that name King of Scots in the time of the interraigne Bruce and Baliol then disputing which of them two had the iuster right and title to the Succession with that so justly admired William VVallace Governour of the Kingdome played the most valiant Champion for defence and recoverie of his Countreys libertie from the unjust usurpation of Edward the first King of England In the which quarrell after manie gallant acts atcheived by him like a worthie Patriotte he died nobly fighting in the Field The sepulchre of this renowned Knight is yet exstant in a Church called Fallkirk for Wallkirk from the foresaid Wall of Severus or Graems dijke neare to which it is built about the which wall also the Lord Marques of Montrose enjoyeth divers large fruitfull farmes or feilds by right of inheritance from that first Graeme through so manie hands ages transmitted unto him Yet least we may seeme only to deduce this most famous worthie the splendour of his noble Pedegree from the obscure trace of so remote antiquitie we shal descend to later better known times And so cannot passe his Grandfather Earle of Montrose in silence who almost in our own memorie was raised to places of greatest honour and trust in that Kingdome which he most faithfully and worthly discharged For being Lord High Chauncelour of Scotland at what time Iames the sixt of that name of ever blessed memorie went to possesse the crowne of England he was by the same King created and left behind him Viceroy of Scotland in which highest place and degree of dignitie he died aequally beloved and deare to King and people And then the Father of this man singularly endowed with all eminentest graces of mind and body so as few living in his time could equall him and no lesse famous in forragne nations then at home For when he hade performed many honourable Embassages for King Iames was by King Charles declared Lord high President of the Supreme counsell and being snatched away in his prime by an untimly deathe from his King countrey and all good men he died much lamented and highly estemed in every mans affections And now what men should think of and hope from this present man Grandchild to the Viceroy and Lord high Presidents Sonne let every one that pleaseth judge by the things he hath already atcheived when now it is a yeare and an halfe since he left that Kingdome and yet hath not attained to the thirty and sixth yeare of his age One thing only more will I adde in thy favour Courteous Reader from the auntient Monuments of that Kingdome That three almost fatall periods have threatned heretofore the Scots Nation first from the Romans whose yoke our farefathers did shake of under the conduct of that first Graeme who was lineally descended out of that auntient noble Brittish family of the Fulgentij The second from the Danes who that they never gotte the Masterie and Lordship over vs we owe it especially to the greatest valour of that second Graeme The third from the English Normans whom that thrid Graeme of●ner then once did beate and drive out of Scotland and in many bitter conflicts did them much mischeiffe So that as they were wont to say of the Scipions in Afrik we may say of our Graems that that name by a luckie destinie hath been appointed for the succour of their native covntrey in greatest dangers distresses that in these the worst times that ever was this man was not raised but by speciall divine providence to preserve the Kings just rights to restore to his fellow subjects their wonted peace libertie safetie and infinitly to encrease the auncient splendour and glory of his own Family And this is all that I thought fitt to have briefly praemised of my Lord Marquis of Montrose Now of the Authour himself conceive this much That he is a man not very conversant in these Studies nor ambitious to be praised for excellency of wit which he acknowledges to have but small or none nor covetous of reward or gaine which are the sharpest spurres that in this age doe push men to it to putte hand to the Pen. But that he did put hand to this worke only being enflamed with and ardent zeale of propagating truthe to after ages forraigners For how many are ready to patronise and magnifie even greatest villanies when they prosper and how few to advance and defend truth once afflicted cast downe he had learned by too late and sad experienc ein a cau●e very neare of Kinn to this When the conjured Rebells of both Kingdomes by their ordinary tricks of lying and slandering had overthrown the Church that with the revenues thereof purchased by hellish sacriledge they might sacrifice to their own greedie avarice and enrich their children with the heavie curse of God yet wanted they not those who extolled them to the skies as well deservers of their Countrey yea of the verie Church it self which they have pillaged and even of all mankind in generall when on the contrarie they proscribed defamed rent and tore a peeces with al manner of blasphemies and curses all those most holy men of God Confessors Martyrs for so they were indeed who constantly and couragiously opposed and withstood their rapines And therefore he thought it was no wayes to be doubted that those same men who by the same wicked practises wēt about to pul under feete the Majestie of so good a King to swell high with his honours prerogatives and patrimony which they had gained by perfidious trecheries rebellions treasons would find too to many such sycophants whereof the world is full who by

and divert those very Forces which the King had appointed for Ireland which were then in a readinesse and whose Officers had been of the Parliaments chusing hoping by thē to overth●ow the King himself The Rebells in Scotland who knew wel enough the King would have strength sufficent to deale with the English Rebells resolved upon no termes to be wanting to their confederates in so apparent danger as they were in And al though our most gracious King had given them satisfaction as much as ever they could desire in that Parliament at Edinburgh aforesaid which also they have recorded among their publique Acts neverthelesse they provide themselves for a march into England Now that they might the better secure their affaires at home they labour tooth and naile to draw Montrose of whom almost onely they were afraid againe to their side They offer him of their own accord the office of Lievenant Generall in the Army and what ever else he could desire and they bestow He seeing a mighty storm hovering over the Kings head that he might give him an account of it whereby it might be timely prevented undertakes a journey into England taking the Lord Ogilby into his counsell and company At Newcastle he received newes that the Queen being newly returned out of Holland was landed at Birdlington in Yorkeshire thither he makes haste and relates unto the Queen all things in order She having had a rough passage and being not wel recovered from the distempers at sea told him she would advise further with him about that businesse after they came to York Thither being come the Queen of her own accord calls for Montrose he opens the whole story over againe makes it appeare that there was no lesse danger from the Scotch then from the English Covenanters if they were not timely suppressed And being asked his opinion what was best to be done answered To resist force with force told her the King wanted not Subjects in Scotland faithfull men and ●●out nor did they want hearts or wealth or power to oppose against the Covenanters if they durst enterprise any thing against the King all that they wanted was the Kings Commission without which they durst doe nothing with which any thing and all the danger that was was in delay That the Covenanters when they had once got their army on foot would be able to grinde any one to pieces that should offer to stirre therefore the beginnings of so great an evill were to be withstood and the cockatrice bruised in the egge that physicke being too late that comes when the disease hath over-runne the whole body Wholesome counsell it was and seasonable which doubtlesse the most prudent Queen had approved of But while things were going on in so good a posture al things were quash't by the coming of the Duke Hamilton out of Scotland upon pretence of kissing the Queens hand and gratulating her happy returne but in very deed that he might overthrow Montrose his counsels for he had posted thither with the knowledge consent of the Covenanters Nor did he himself dissemble that there was some danger from the Scottish Covenanters but he laboured to extenuate it and condemned the counsel of Montrose as rash unadvised and unseasonable That stout and warlike nation was not to be reduced with force and armes but with gentlenesse and courtesies Warre especially Civill warre should be the last remedy and used many times to be repented of even by the Conquerous The fortune of warre was uncertaine if the King should get the best it would be but a sorry triumph he could enjoy over his own Subjects but if he had the worst on 't he must expect what hîs soule goodman abhorred to speake All meanes were to be tryed to preserve peace with that Nation nor were things yet come to that passe that the King should despaire of amity and reconciliation with them He would be ready to take the whole businesse upō himself if the King pleased to commit it to his paines and trust to authorise him sufficiently thereunto Montrose replyed nothing would come of that but the delay of time untill the Traitors having raised an Army should prevent the King of any meanes to deliver himself and his party from their tyranny The sad event proved al this to be too true but in this debate Montrose was faine to suffer himself to be overborn being not so great a Courtier as the other nor were those vertues which the world now admires discovered then unto the Queen Hamilton returning into Scotland seemed to be as active for the King as was possible The Covenanters mean while by their owne authority contrary to the known Lawes of the Kingdome summon a Parliament at Edinburgh which all understanding men that wished well unto the King foresaw would be of very dangerous consequence to his affaires therefore abhorred it so much that they intended not to honour it with their presence But Hamilton interposing the name and authority of of the King invited thē by his letters that they would not faile to be all there and that they should not doubt but they would be able to out-vote the Covenanters if at this time they were not wanting to the Kings cause And if it should happen otherwise he would be ready with his friends to protest against the Covenanters immediately to leave them Abundance of the Nobility incited by the name of the King those hopes were present at that Parliament onely Montrose and a few of his adherents staid away And with Montrose to the Duke had dealt by his friends that as he loved honoured the King he would joyn himself unto them But he who had reason to suspect all motions that came that way answered that he was ready to grapple with any difficulty especially under his command who had so great an honour as to be the Kings supreme Commissioner onely on this condition that the Duke should engage his honour that if they could not bring up that Parliament to righteous things he would endeavour to enforce them by the dint of the sword He answered he would protest he would not fight Which passage considered Montrose to preserve his integrity expecting the issue betooke himself to his own home In that Parliament the Covenanters out-voted the Loyall party by seventy voyces or there abouts trampled upon the Royall authority arrogated unto themselves the power of calling of Paliaments pressing Souldiers sending Embassadours and other things hitherto unattempted without the Kings knowledge or tonsent And to make up the measure of their presumption and treason ordaine that a powerfull Army shall be raied against the King and in the aid or their confederates of England To which purpose they taxe the people with new subsidies levies much heavier then if al the Impositions which upō never so much necessity for two thousand years space by one hundred nine Kings have been charged upon thē were put together Montrose

for forraigne aides and armes the King sent Sir Iohn Cockeram his Embassadour about it with his Commission and Instructions And directions unto the Marquesse of Newcastle were carried by some of Montrose's own company Who receiving the Kings Letters and Commission to be Governour of Scotland and Generall of the Army there made himselfe ready for his journey In the interim newes comes on a sudden that Duke Hamilton with his brother the Earle of Lanericke were posting up to Oxford They that they might make their accesse easier to the King who had hitherto given eare unto their counsells and to continue or recover the good opinion the King had of them gave out all the way as they came especially unto Governours of Shires and Townes and Commanders o● the Army that they were banished their Countrey that they had been plundered of their estates by the Covenanters for their loyalty to the King and that for safety of their lives with which they had hardly escaped they fled to Oxford But Montrose and those of his minde saw plainly that these were but tales o● their own making of purpose to wipe off the suspicion of this new guilt and that by this meanes they in confidence of that esteeme they had lately with the King and of a strong faction they drove at Court doubted not but they should stand as fair in his opinion as ever if they were but once admitted into the Kings presence and that the onely businesse they ha● thither was by defeating Montrose againe clearly to extinguish that little sparke of Loyalty that was no● yet quite out in Scotland And Montrose delivered himselfe freely that for his part he would never stand by to be witnese of so great an oversight an● therefore humbly besought the King that he would give him leave to seeke his fortune in some forraigne countrey if these men that had deceived him so of should be received againe into favour not that he desired any severyty should be used against them onely he wished the King might have a care that they should do him no more harme The King was drawne with much a doe that they should be forbidden● the Court yet for all that he suffered the Earl of Lanericke to live in the City But he by whose instigations I cannot tell betakes himself from Oxford to Londen to the Parliament of England and not long after to the Scotch Army which had now entered England and never since hath failed to doe them the best service he could The escape of his brother so much moved the King that he saw it high time to secure the Duke himself There were severall Scots in the Kings Court and Army who were suspected and perhaps not without reason to favour the Covenanters too much and to give intelligence unto them of the Kings counsels Montrose that he might put these to the touch tooke this course He got a Protestation to be drawne up by the Kings authority unto which all Scots who would have the reputation of honest men were to set their● hands Wherein they professed themselves heartily to detest the courses of the Covenanters condemned especially the bringing in of an army into England against the King and the Lawes of the Land as an act of high treason promised and vowed to acquit themselves of that scandall and to the utmost of their power with the hazard of their lives and fortunes to oppose those that were guilty of that crime This Protestation all men of honour and honesty readily tooke but there were two in whom the King ●rusted most of all Scotch men next to the Hamiltons to wit the Earle of Trequaire Mr. William Murray of the Bed chamber who were difficultly brought unto it at last with much reluctancy and fear of being discovered traitours yet even they engaged themselves by a solemne Oath at a certain day to be aiding assisting unto Montrose in Scotland which Oath of theirs afterward they most unworthily violated This being done and Montrose on his journey from Oxford towards Scotland those that were the Hamiltons creatures and other false-hearted Courtiers began to blast the Honour of Montrose to call him a vaine and ambitious man who had attempted an impossible thing to extoll above measure the power of the Covenanters and that they might dete●re every one from engaging himself in so noble an exploit gave out every where most maliciously that no good was ever to be expected from Montrose He being little troubled with the calumnies of unworthey men came forward to Yorke so to Durham where he sees that the Kings Instructions be sent to the Marquesse of Newcastle and the next day they met and conferred Newcastle discours't of nothing but the distresses and necessities of his Army how the Rebell Scots breaking in in the midst of winter had spoiled his Recruits and that now in farre greater numbers then he they quartered within five miles of him that he could not possibly spare any Horse without a manifest hazard to the whole Army Montrose urged on the other side that nothing could do Newcastle more service then to let him have a party of Horse in which he was very strong with him into Scotland that so he might either divert or at least divide the enemy and by kindling a fire in their owne houses fetch them home againe to defend themselves Newcastle courteously replyed that assoon as he had wound himself out of that present danger he would not be wanting in any service to Montrose which promise there is no doubt but a person of so much Honour and Loyalty would most surely have performed had he continued any while in the Command of those parts In the meane time all that he could do for the present was to afford him about one hundred Horse but lean ones and ill accoutred which was not the Generals fault but some mens private spleen with two brasse Field-pieces Moreover he sent his Orders unto the Kings Officers and Commanders in Cumberland and Westmorland that they should give Montrose all the succour and assistance they could make for his journey into Scotland Montrose going towards Carlisle was accordingly met by the Cumberland and Westmorland men consisting of eight hundred Foot and three troops of Horse who according to the Marquesse of Newcastles Command were to waite upon him into Scotland Montrose himselfe brought with him two hundred Horse most of them Noblemen and Gentlemen and such as had been Captaines either in Germany France or England With which small forces nor over trusty neither he entered Scotland on the 13. of Aprill for he made the more hast lest he should have been absent at the time appointed by the Earl of Antrim CHAP. IIII. MOntrose having entred Scotland had come to the river of Anan when upon a mutiny among the English occasioned by Richard Grahams Souldiers almost all of them flie their Colours and in all hast runne back to England Notwithstanding he with his own men came