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A20983 Emblema animæ or Morrall discourses reflecting upon humanitie. Written by John du Plessis now Cardinall of Richleu. Translated by I.M. Also varietie of obseruations delightfull to the minde; Emblema animae. English Richelieu, Armand Jean de Plessis, duc de, 1585-1642.; Maxwell, James, b. 1581.; Marshall, William, fl. 1617-1650, engraver. 1635 (1635) STC 7359; ESTC S111092 68,276 289

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brabbles and strife for this brawling and quarrelling humour altereth not a little the whole man and maketh him ill-conditioned Bee not lavish of your language but rather sparing of speech Let your words bee such as carry with them their due authority and weight And withall accustome your selfe to passe divers things under the great Seale of silence It being the part of a wise man to make a vertue of necessity and with a settled countenance to swallow downe upon an urgent extremity the bitter potion of indignity if when the winds doe storme he cannot harbour where hee would he will anchor where he may Suffer not your selfe to be beguiled by the unreasonable opinion of the miscrdred multitude which doe hold such folkes onely to bee free as may doe what they list be it never so evill and such onely to be couragious and generous spirits as can put up no wrong It is true liberty for a man to live not according as his lawlesse lust doth lead him but as reason doth rule him and to do not what ever sensually hee would but what reasonable hee should And it is true courage and magnanimity for a man to put up wrongs to dis-esteeme and not to be moved by them but to command his affections and to overcome his passions That which he shall never be able to doe who hath not his spirit composed and his minde ordered to despise these vanities and delicacies which doe shake the feebler sort finally endeauour to have the upper hand in fetting light by all humane crosses and popular conceits for it is no signe of good when a man is alwayes crying and complaining that they touch him and so it fareth with the mind Let that therefore bee mollified with comfortable and peaceable playsters such as are joy exultation and delight and these will bring unto you greater content then Humanity can imagine DISC. 17. Of Poverty THere is a twofold Poverty the one extreame which is the want of things necessary and requisite unto Nature The other is the want of things that are more then sufficient required for pleasure pompe and delicacy This is a kinde of Mediocrity and that which we feare to lose is our riches and moveables when such poverty is rather to be desired then feared And therfore the Wise man asked of God neither Poverty nor Riches but things necessary He that can make that reckoning of life and death that he ought poverty can never afflict or bereave him of his rest For it were a thing very unfitting that he who can despise death should suffer his courage to be cast downe or to be quite quelled by poverty and need which neverthelesse is that the common people doe most apprehend and most complaine on when as they cannot attaine unto a sufficiency of goods whereupon to maintaine themselves in a gay and gallant manner They not being able to content themselves with such things as may serve for their necessity but esteeming Wealth mans soveraigne good and Poverty and Want his chiefest evill And yet were it not better for a man not to have at all then to lose it when hee hath it And how is it possible in this life that some should not lose seeing that one cannot be rich except many other bee poore and many cannot inherit except others do die And yet there is in poverty this consolation that as it is not subject to the receiving and incurring of great damages so is it not accompanied with so many monstrous turmoiles as plenty and aboundance is Wisedome if shee be poore is never respected fooles haue the fortune and that not without good reason for they have the most neede of it Desert if she be meane may to the Cart there is no roome for her in Court where judgement lookes a squint and casts her eyes but upon outward adjuncts unlesse she be perfumed and ruffle in her silkes let her avoide the gates of greatnesse And to thinke that rich men have more courage to comport with losses then other men have is an errour For the paine of a soare is as sensible and dolorous in a bigge body as in a small yea wee see ordinarily that the greatest men are the most tender and delicate The Philosopher Bion was wont to say that the paine is alike which is felt by plucking or pulling the haires from an head that hath many and from that which hath few All the difference that can be is this that the balde head hath lesse haire to loose and consequently cannot feele so much smart as the other doth that is full of haires If thou wilt live according to nature thou shalt never bee poore if according to opinion never rich Nature desireth little opinion much and beyond measure Moderate and quiet poverty by the law of nature is great riches and godlinesse is great gain with sufficiency and hence it is that we see for the most part the poorer sort of people to bee more jocund and joyfull then commonly the richer sort are because they have not so great care as they have neither doe they feare so deeply the storme of adversity as they doe For they are eaten up with this double worm the care of conserving and increasing the goods they have got the feare of losing that which they enjoy But poverty is a castle and fort assured and fenced against fortune yea the whole world Shee feareth nothing and is able withall to defend her selfe against all her enemies Thouman who soever thou art that goest drooping and dying for riches for worldly pelfe and wealth tell me I pray thee if since thou hast got them they have brought unto thee any more knowledge unto thy minde or more Tranquillity and peace unto thy spirit or more rest and happinesse unto thine heart then thou hadst before thy came into thine hands The wise men among the heathen have taught us how much poverty is to be prised and praised when as they did portrait and paint their Gods naked attributing unto them all things according as they conceited to be most befitting their natures and as for my selfe I shall never repute that man poore who is placed without the reach and power of fortune There is one thing sufficient to expresse unto us the nature of poverty to wit that no vertuous man speaketh thereof but hee praiseth it and avoucheth that the wisest have bin those who have suffered the same with most contentment and truely it is a great weaknesse and tendernesse in us not to bee able to endure that which so many others have passed through and it can be no other thing but a vaine apprehension and frivolous feare to endure and suffer which maketh us so feeble hearted for if we were indeede of a generous and magnanimous disposition we would love and like that for our selves which we approve in others and therefore howsoever this peevishnesse and softnesse of ours is not altogether to be comported with we ought at least to limite
chosen by the Apostles to supply Iudas roome was borne at Bethlehem desended of the Tribe of Iuda he preached altogether in Iudea where lastly hee was accused by his enemies of perjury or rather blasphemie and therefore hee was condemned to bee stoned to death by two men during which torment one smote him with a hatcher and so hee suffred martyrdome The tenne persecutions under the Romane Emperors THe first beganne in the 13 yeare of the raigne of Nero in such sort that the Christians were faine to hide themselves in caves of the earth The second beganne in the 12 yeare of the raigne of Domitian who caused S. Iohn the Evangelist to bee put in a vessell of burning oyle whereof he received no hurt The third beganne in the tenth yeare of the raigne of Traian which ceased afterwards by the pitty and meanes of Pli●●y Second prefect of the Empire The fourth began under Marcus Antonius and Aurelius Commodus Empire The fift began at the commandement of the Emperour Severus The sixt beganne at the indignation of Maximinus who especially persecuted the Clergie The seventh began under the Emperour Decius and continued cruelly The eight began under the Emperour Valerius who though at the first hee were a Christian yet afterwards beeing corrupted by certaine hereticks hee became a most cruell persecutor of Christ his Church The ninth began under the Emperour Aurelianus The tenth beganne by the commandement of the Emperors Dioclesianus and Maximianus Herculeus this persecution was far more cruell and generall then any of the rest insomuch that Dioclesinnus in the orient and Maximianus in the occident destroyed all Churches and tormented the Christians with all strange torments The eight times that Rome hath beene taken ROme was first taken by the Gaules under the conduct of their captaine Brennas the yeare of the foundation of the Cittie about 365 the yeare of the world 4835 and the yeare before Christ 364. This Brennus is by the Britain and English Cronicles reported to bee a Britain and brother to Belinus King of Britain but neither the Chronicles of Rome nor of Gaule doe speake of any such matter Rome was secondly taken by Alaricke King of Gothes after ●ee had held his siege to it the space of two yeares which befell the yeare of the foundation of the City 1164 the yeare of our Lord 412 and the 25 yeare of the Empire of Honorius It is written in the Cronicles of Constintinople and in other places that as Alarick being a Christian marched with his host towards Rome a certaine Monck of holy life and great authority came unto him who having audience admonished and counsailed him to breake of that evill purpose and to remember that hee was a Christian and that for Gods sake hee would moderate his wrath and that hee should not take pleasure in the shedding of Christian blood sith that Rome ha● not in any respect of fended him Unto whom Alaricke answered him Thou must understand man of God that proceedeth not of mine own will that I goe against Rome bu● contrarily I assure thee tha● every day there commeth unto mee a man which constrainet● and importuneth mee thereunto saying unto mee Haste● thee goe against Rome destroy it utterly and make it dessolate At which words the religiou● man being astonished durst no● reply and so the King follower his enterprise Rome was thirdly taken by Gensericke king of Vandales the yeare of the foundation of the City 1208 the yeare of Christ 456. who sacked and burned in it many places which befell in the Empire of Marcian Rome was fourthly taken by by Totila King of Gothes who because hee could not obtaine peace of the Emperour Iusti●ian who trusted too much in the power of his Lievtenant Bellisarius commanded the Cittizens to avoide the Citty and afterward burned sacked and destroyed almost all the Citty Walls and the Capitoll and made it altogether desolate in so much that never since it could bee repaired according to the first forme although awhile after Bellisarius peopled and repaired a great part thereof and calling againe the old inhabitants fortified and strengthned much the walls This desolation and of all other most lamentable happened the yeare after the foundation of the City 1300 after Christ 548 and the 21 yeare of the Empire of Iustinian Rome was fiftly taken by the same Totila King of Gothes after that Bellisarius had repeopled and repared it but whereas before he had almost destroied it hee now called againe the Citizens which were fled at his comming and travailed all hee could to restore and repaire that which he had destroied and behaved himselfe towards his subjects and especially towards the Romans not like a stranger but a father This happened but three yeares after he had destroyed it Rome was sixtly taken by the Moores and Sarracens followers of Mohomet his Law which in great multitude came into Italy and in the yeare of our Lord 833 sitting in Rome Gregory the fourth and governing the Empire Lewis the first besieged tooke and sacked Rome prophaning the Temple of Saint Peter which don they returned to their shippes charged with prey and prisoners Rome was seventhly taken by Henry the fourth of that name Emperour of Germany sitting in Rome Gregory the seventh this time Rome was most cruelly destroyed by reason that both the armies of the Pope and the Emperour scirmished and fought long within the Citty and the Capitole which had beene before destroyd was now againe repaired which befell the yeare of our Lord 1082 Authors write that Rome never was so much endamaged at any time as at this by reason of the lamentable destruction that was done by the Normans on the Popes side and Germans for the Emperour Rome was last taken by Charles the last Duke of Bourbon who being slaine as hee scaled the walls at the first assault and by that chance the Souldiers being in liberty and without a Head pittifully destroyed the City and committed all kinde of enormities and barbarous cruelties saving that they burned not the Churches although they spoyled and robbed them to the uttermost for a great part of the Army were Germans and most of the Germans Lutherans This adversity happened to Rome the yeare of our Saviour 1527 sitting at Rome Clement the seventh and governing the Empire Charles the fist The seven Electors of the Emperour of Germany THree Ecclesiasticall that is to say the Archbishop of Ments called the Arch-chancellour of Germany the Archbishop of Colen called the Arch-chancellour of Italy and the Archbishop of Triers called the Arch-chancellour of France Foure Temporall the Marquis of Brandebourg great Chamberlaine of the Empire the Duke of Saxony beareth the Sword before the Emperor the Count Palatin of Rhene Carver Arch-sewer in carrying the Plate the King of Bohemia Taster to the Emperour or Cup-bearer These Electors were first ordained by the Emperour Otho third of that name and confirmed by Gregory the fifth in the yeare of our Lord