for_o the_o one_o as_o for_o the_o other_o for_o the_o tail_n be_v create_v by_o authority_n of_o parliament_n the_o most_o high_a court_n in_o the_o realm_n and_o the_o disannul_n thereof_o be_v by_o a_o covinous_a recovery_n upon_o false_a supposal_n here_o you_o have_v truth_n clothe_v in_o plain_a language_n then_o as_o to_o another_o objection_n viz._n communis_fw-la error_fw-la facit_fw-la jus_fw-la that_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v that_o a_o custom_n use_v against_o the_o law_n of_o man_n in_o some_o country_n shall_v be_v take_v for_o a_o law_n if_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v suffer_v so_o to_o continue_v it_o but_o these_o recovery_n although_o they_o have_v be_v long_o use_v have_v always_o be_v speak_v against_o reader_n observe_v that_o who_o ever_o thou_o be_v and_o then_o i_o be_o sure_a i_o can_v just_o be_v blame_v nor_o need_v i_o care_v to_o write_v against_o that_o which_o have_v be_v always_o speak_v against_o also_o this_o custom_n can_v have_v no_o lawful_a beginning_n and_o a_o evil_a custom_n be_v to_o be_v abolish_v also_o a_o prescription_n against_o a_o stat._n be_v void_a and_o it_o be_v also_o move_v that_o in_o as_o much_o as_o there_o be_v no_o execute_a recompense_n that_o the_o law_n have_v be_v take_v that_o the_o heir_n in_o tail_n be_v not_o bar_v of_o his_o formdon_n and_o although_o the_o vouchee_n may_v purchase_v after_o the_o issue_n have_v recontinue_a his_o own_o land_n that_o herein_o be_v no_o inconvenience_n for_o that_o the_o issue_n shall_v be_v bar_v of_o the_o recompense_n in_o value_n in_o that_o he_o have_v recontinue_a his_o own_o land_n again_o and_o so_o shall_v not_o have_v both_o i_o dare_v not_o go_v so_o far_o as_o to_o allow_v a_o formdon_n for_o the_o issue_n in_o such_o case_n though_o enough_o have_v be_v say_v to_o make_v that_o good_a too_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o many_o inconvenience_n that_o must_v of_o necessity_n fall_v thereupon_o but_o it_o be_v happy_a as_o i_o have_v say_v before_o if_o such_o covinous_a and_o feign_a recovery_n be_v take_v away_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n but_o it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o you_o will_v have_v tenant_n in_o fee-simple_n to_o have_v power_n to_o dispose_v two_o part_n for_o the_o reason_n and_o intent_n aforesaid_a and_o why_o may_v not_o tenant_n in_o tail_n have_v the_o same_o power_n to_o which_o i_o give_v this_o short_a answer_n that_o it_o be_v agreeable_a with_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o fee-simple_n to_o be_v alienable_a not_o so_o in_o case_n of_o a_o estate_n tail_n for_o that_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o form_n of_o the_o gift_n as_o the_o stat._n be_v express_o and_o there_o be_v no_o power_n give_v by_o that_o stat._n to_o the_o donee_n in_o tail_n to_o dispose_v of_o the_o estate_n in_o any_o case_n whatsoever_o and_o therefore_o he_o may_v not_o for_o the_o advancement_n of_o his_o relation_n or_o satisfaction_n of_o his_o debt_n defeat_v his_o issue_n or_o in_o default_n of_o issue_n those_o in_o the_o remainder_n by_o alienation_n contrary_a to_o the_o form_n of_o the_o gift_n and_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o donor_n and_o now_o i_o shall_v conclude_v this_o dispute_n with_o a_o rule_n or_o two_o in_o law_n and_o first_o the_o stat._n say_v that_o the_o will_n of_o the_o donor_n must_v be_v observe_v in_o his_o gift_n which_o stand_v with_o the_o reason_n and_o rule_v of_o the_o law_n for_o cujus_fw-la est_fw-la dare_fw-la ejus_fw-la est_fw-la disponere_fw-la a_o man_n must_v take_v the_o gift_n with_o those_o qualification_n condition_n or_o limitation_n that_o the_o donor_n be_v please_v to_o annex_v to_o it_o and_o can_v alter_v it_o if_o so_o what_o become_v of_o common_a recovery_n or_o how_o in_o law_n or_o reason_n can_v the_o donee_n in_o tail_n disherit_z his_o issue_n note_v much_o less_o stranger_n in_o remainder_n as_o if_o land_n be_v give_v to_o a._n in_o tail_n the_o remainder_n to_o b._n in_o tail_n etc._n etc._n if_o a._o suffer_v a_o recovery_n this_o not_o only_o bind_v his_o issue_n but_o he_o in_o remainder_n likewise_o which_o be_v extreme_a hard_a and_o unreasonable_a that_o the_o law_n contrary_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o law_n itself_o shall_v allow_v a_o stranger_n to_o do_v a_o act_n to_o my_o prejudice_n for_o the_o rule_n be_v that_o res_fw-la inter_fw-la alios_fw-la actae_fw-la alteri_fw-la nocere_fw-la non_fw-la debent_fw-la other_o man_n action_n ought_v not_o to_o prejudiee_n a_o three_o person_n how_o then_o can_v that_o stand_v with_o this_o rule_n of_o law_n that_o tenant_n in_o tail_n shall_v have_v power_n to_o bar_v he_o in_o remainder_n by_o a_o recovery_n another_o rule_n be_v quod_fw-la nostrum_fw-la est_fw-la sine_fw-la facto_fw-la vel_fw-la defectu_fw-la nostro_fw-la amitti_fw-la seu_fw-la ad_fw-la alium_fw-la transferri_fw-la non_fw-la potest_fw-la we_o can_v lose_v what_o be_v we_o nor_o can_v it_o be_v give_v from_o we_o without_o our_o own_o act_n or_o default_n how_o then_o can_v it_o stand_v with_o this_o rule_n that_o he_o in_o remainder_n shall_v be_v bar_v by_o such_o recovery_n as_o aforesaid_a i_o shall_v say_v no_o more_o but_o wait_v the_o parliament_n leisure_n and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o this_o will_n in_o due_a time_n be_v alter_v the_o next_o thing_n i_o be_o to_o treat_v of_o be_v concerning_o the_o imprisonment_n of_o man_n person_n for_o debt_n and_o in_o that_o i_o shall_v propose_v this_o short_a question_n whether_o it_o be_v consonant_a to_o reason_n conscience_n or_o for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n to_o arrest_v man_n person_n and_o to_o detain_v they_o in_o prison_n for_o debt_n i_o know_v this_o be_v a_o case_n in_o which_o many_o man_n have_v vent_v their_o judgement_n in_o public_a and_o it_o have_v not_o be_v without_o a_o solemn_a debate_n too_o in_o the_o parliament_n so_o that_o there_o be_v the_o less_o for_o i_o to_o do_v and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v be_v but_o short_a in_o it_o what_o reason_n induce_v the_o parliament_n to_o continue_v this_o law_n i_o know_v not_o nor_o be_v it_o for_o i_o to_o examine_v however_o i_o beseech_v you_o let_v it_o not_o be_v take_v amiss_o that_o i_o offer_v my_o reason_n in_o it_o and_o leave_v they_o to_o better_a judgement_n in_o the_o first_o place_n i_o shall_v examine_v what_o the_o old_a law_n be_v and_o when_o and_o how_o this_o law_n of_o imprisonment_n of_o person_n for_o debt_n creep_v in_o for_o it_o have_v not_o be_v always_o use_v in_o england_n and_o i_o may_v say_v in_o few_o other_o place_n of_o the_o world_n and_o where_o it_o be_v in_o use_n there_o be_v care_v take_v that_o they_o do_v not_o perish_v in_o prison_n for_o want_n of_o necessary_a sustenance_n but_o they_o and_o their_o family_n to_o be_v maintain_v out_o of_o their_o own_o estate_n and_o if_o they_o have_v none_o the_o perverse_a and_o cruel_a creditor_n be_v to_o maintain_v they_o out_o of_o his_o proper_a estate_n and_o not_o to_o suffer_v they_o to_o perish_v for_o want_v of_o food_n as_o they_o do_v common_o in_o england_n the_o body_n of_o the_o defendant_n be_v not_o liable_a to_o execution_n for_o debt_n at_o common_a law_n for_o which_o see_v 13._o h._n 4._o 1._o but_o his_o good_n chattel_n and_o corn_n etc._n etc._n by_o fieri_fw-la facias_fw-la or_o levari_fw-la facias_fw-la within_o the_o year_n and_o by_o the_o stat._n of_o w._n 2._o by_o scire_fw-la facias_fw-la after_o the_o year_n and_o by_o w._n 2._o cap._n 18._o a_o elegit_fw-la be_v give_v of_o the_o moiety_n of_o the_o land_n which_o be_v the_o first_o act_n which_o subject_v land_n to_o the_o execution_n of_o a_o judgement_n but_o the_o common_a law_n which_o be_v the_o preserver_n of_o the_o common_a peace_n of_o the_o land_n abhor_v all_o force_n as_o the_o capital_a enemy_n to_o it_o and_o therefore_o against_o those_o who_o commit_v any_o force_n the_o common_a law_n subject_v their_o body_n to_o imprisonment_n which_o be_v the_o high_a execution_n by_o which_o they_o lose_v their_o liberty_n till_o they_o have_v make_v a_o agreement_n with_o the_o party_n and_o fine_a to_o the_o king_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v a_o rule_n in_o law_n that_o in_o all_o action_n quare_fw-la vi_fw-la et_fw-la armis_fw-la a_fw-la capias_fw-la lie_v and_o where_o a_o capias_fw-la lie_v in_o process_n there_o after_o judgement_n a_o capias_fw-la ad_fw-la satisfaciendum_fw-la lie_v and_o there_o the_o king_n shall_v have_v a_o capias_fw-la pro_fw-la fine_fw-la then_o by_o the_o stat._n of_o marlebridge_n 23._o and_o w._n 2._o cap._n 11._o capias_fw-la be_v give_v in_o a_o account_n for_o at_o common_a law_n the_o process_n in_o a_o account_n be_v distress_n infinite_a and_o after_o by_o the_o stat._n of_o 25._o e._n 3._o cap._n 7._o the_o like_a process_n be_v give_v in_o debt_n as_o in_o account_n for_o before_o this_o stat._n the_o body_n of_o
have_v any_o hard_a and_o unreasonable_a branch_n of_o law_n it_o be_v just_a to_o take_v they_o away_o to_o lop_v they_o off_o the_o body_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n will_v thrive_v the_o better_a and_o if_o that_o flourish_n certain_o lawyer_n must_v thrive_v too_o and_o be_v in_o as_o great_a reputation_n as_o ever_o for_o no_o live_n without_o law_n and_o no_o better_a or_o more_o just_a law_n in_o the_o general_a in_o the_o world_n than_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o england_n he_o approve_v the_o use_n that_o labour_v to_o take_v away_o the_o abuse_n nor_o be_o i_o single_a or_o alone_a in_o this_o endeavour_n of_o i_o some_o have_v go_v before_o i_o and_o i_o doubt_v not_o other_o will_v follow_v in_o a_o work_n of_o so_o great_a consequence_n and_o tend_v so_o much_o to_o the_o common_a good_a but_o not_o to_o hold_v you_o too_o long_o in_o a_o epistle_n where_o the_o work_n be_v but_o short_a if_o any_o notwithstanding_o what_o i_o have_v say_v shall_v be_v offend_v with_o i_o it_o shall_v not_o much_o trouble_v i_o for_o i_o be_o resolve_v to_o be_v a_o friend_n to_o the_o common_a good_a while_o those_o man_n seek_v their_o own_o good_a only_o i_o shall_v say_v no_o more_o but_o this_o amicus_fw-la plato_n amicus_fw-la socrates_n sed_fw-la magis_fw-la amica_fw-la respublica_fw-la only_o i_o shall_v subscribe_v myself_o the_o faithful_a friend_n and_o servant_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o england_n j._n march_n a_o table_n of_o the_o several_a question_n 1._o whether_o it_o be_v reasonable_a that_o he_o who_o be_v seize_v of_o land_n in_o fee-simple_n to_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n by_o descent_n or_o gift_n shall_v have_v the_o absolute_a dispose_n power_n of_o the_o whole_a and_o to_o disinherit_v his_o heir_n pag._n 2._o 2._o tenant_n in_o tail_n with_o remainder_n over_o suffer_v a_o common_a recovery_n whether_o this_o in_o law_n or_o conscience_n aught_o to_o bind_v the_o issue_n in_o tail_n and_o the_o remainder_n over_o pag._n 7._o 3._o whether_o it_o be_v consonant_a to_o reason_n conscience_n or_o for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n to_o arrest_v man_n person_n and_o to_o detain_v they_o in_o prison_n for_o debt_n pag._n 35._o 4._o whether_o the_o high_a court_n of_o chancery_n as_o the_o practice_n be_v there_o be_v not_o a_o very_a great_a grievance_n and_o burden_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n pag._n 55._o 5._o whether_o collateral_a warranty_n stand_v with_o reason_n and_o conscience_n or_o no_o pag._n 68_o 6._o whether_o it_o be_v consonant_a to_o reason_n or_o conscience_n that_o any_o man_n plea_n shall_v be_v adjudge_v nought_o and_o avoid_v at_o any_o time_n for_o any_o matter_n of_o form_n false_a latin_a double_a plea_n departure_n or_o any_o other_o defect_n whatsoever_o the_o case_n and_o matter_n itself_o sufficient_o appear_v upon_o the_o record_n for_o which_o the_o action_n be_v bring_v pag._n 74._o 7._o whether_o the_o many_o sort_n of_o tedious_a and_o long_a conveyance_n now_o in_o use_n stand_v with_o reason_n and_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n or_o not_o pag._n 85._o 8._o whether_o it_o be_v a_o just_a and_o reasonable_a law_n that_o a_o child_n bear_v before_o marriage_n and_o short_o after_o marriage_n happen_v shall_v be_v a_o bastard_n or_o not_o pag._n 92._o 9_o whether_o trial_n by_o jury_n as_o it_o be_v now_o in_o use_n be_v agreeable_a to_o reason_n and_o for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o public_a or_o not_o pag._n 99_o 10._o whether_o it_o be_v consonant_a to_o the_o word_n of_o god_n or_o reason_n that_o a_o man_n shall_v lose_v his_o life_n for_o theft_n and_o shall_v incur_v so_o great_a a_o forfeiture_n and_o penalty_n as_o loss_n of_o all_o his_o estate_n and_o corruption_n of_o his_o blood_n pag._n 105._o 11._o whether_o it_o be_v a_o just_a and_o reasonable_a law_n that_o infant_n under_o the_o age_n of_o twenty_o one_o year_n shall_v not_o be_v charge_v with_o their_o debt_n pag._n 112._o 12._o whether_o clergy_n be_v agreeable_a to_o reason_n and_o justice_n or_o no_o pag._n 117._o 13._o whether_o the_o law_n that_o a_o man_n shall_v not_o suff_v death_n for_o manslaughter_n be_v not_o against_o the_o word_n of_o god_n pag._n 122._o 14._o whether_o it_o be_v a_o reasonable_a law_n that_o a_o man_n shall_v not_o have_v counsel_n upon_o a_o indictment_n of_o treason_n or_o felony_n pag._n 126._o 15._o whether_o action_n for_o slanderous_a word_n be_v mere_a contentious_a suit_n aught_o in_o reason_n or_o conscience_n to_o be_v so_o much_o countenance_v as_o they_o be_v pag._n 129._o 16._o whether_o it_o be_v a_o reasonable_a law_n that_o action_n personal_a shall_v die_v with_o the_o person_n pag._n 134._o 17._o whether_o the_o law_n of_o judgement_n of_o penance_n or_o pain_n fort_n and_o dure_v against_o a_o man_n who_o be_v indict_v of_o felony_n and_o stand_v mute_a be_v agreeable_a to_o reason_n and_o conscience_n or_o not_o pag._n 137._o 18._o whether_o the_o law_n of_o forfeiture_n of_o good_n wreck_v at_o sea_n be_v a_o reasonable_a law_n or_o not_o pag._n 150._o 19_o good_a advice_n in_o case_n of_o make_v last_o will_n and_o testament_n pag._n 155._o amicus_fw-la rei-publicae_fw-la the_o commonwealth_n friend_n the_o first_o thing_n that_o i_o have_v purpose_v to_o discisse_fw-la or_o treat_v of_o be_v touch_v he_o that_o be_v seize_v of_o land_n in_o fee-simple_n and_o his_o dispose_n thereof_o and_o therein_o i_o shall_v only_o propound_v this_o short_a question_n that_o be_v whether_o it_o be_v reasonable_a that_o he_o who_o be_v seize_v of_o land_n in_o fee-simple_n to_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n by_o descent_n or_o gift_n shall_v have_v the_o absolute_a dispose_n power_n of_o the_o whole_a and_o to_o disinherit_v his_o heir_n i_o do_v acknowledge_v the_o law_n to_o be_v that_o he_o may_v dispose_v of_o the_o whole_a at_o his_o pleasure_n and_o that_o a_o condition_n annex_v to_o restrain_v he_o from_o it_o be_v nought_o for_o it_o be_v against_o the_o absolute_a purity_n of_o a_o fee-simple_n that_o he_o shall_v not_o have_v power_n to_o alien_n it_o litt._n sect._n 360._o for_o if_o such_o condition_n shall_v be_v good_a say_v litt._n than_o it_o oust_v he_o of_o all_o the_o power_n which_o the_o law_n give_v he_o which_o shall_v be_v against_o reason_n and_o therefore_o the_o condition_n be_v void_a but_o if_o the_o condition_n be_v such_o that_o the_o feoffee_n shall_v not_o alien_a to_o such_o a_o one_o name_v his_o name_n or_o to_o any_o of_o his_o heir_n or_o of_o the_o issue_n of_o such_o a_o one_o etc._n etc._n or_o the_o like_a which_o condition_n do_v not_o take_v away_o all_o the_o power_n of_o alienation_n such_o condition_n be_v good_a another_o reason_n that_o such_o condition_n be_v nought_o be_v because_o that_o he_o who_o have_v depart_v with_o all_o his_o estate_n to_o another_o and_o have_v no_o hope_n of_o reverter_n may_v not_o in_o reason_n annex_v such_o a_o condition_n to_o restrain_v the_o feoffee_n or_o alienee_n from_o such_o alienation_n this_o i_o allow_v to_o be_v the_o law_n yet_o i_o beseech_v you_o give_v but_o leave_v to_o examine_v these_o thing_n according_a to_o right_a reason_n and_o judge_v according_a to_o that_o which_o may_v make_v most_o for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o then_o i_o conceive_v it_o will_v be_v think_v very_o hard_a that_o any_o man_n shall_v have_v a_o absolute_a dispose_n power_n of_o the_o whole_a and_o disinherit_v his_o heir_n i_o intend_v this_o only_a of_o a_o fee-simple_n descend_v from_o a_o ancestor_n to_o another_o or_o of_o a_o gift_n to_o a_o man_n and_o his_o heir_n for_o in_o case_n where_o a_o man_n through_o his_o own_o labour_n and_o industry_n have_v purchase_v such_o a_o inheritance_n it_o seem_v more_o reasonable_a for_o he_o to_o have_v the_o absolute_a disposal_n of_o it_o as_o he_o shall_v think_v fit_a for_o i_o know_v no_o reason_n but_o that_o he_o who_o buy_v may_v sell_v but_o where_o land_n descend_v to_o i_o or_o be_v give_v to_o i_o and_o my_o heir_n in_o such_o case_n for_o i_o to_o rob_v my_o heir_n of_o all_o that_o i_o never_o labour_v for_o and_o to_o give_v it_o to_o a_o stranger_n seem_v to_o i_o unreasonable_a i_o say_v that_o he_o shall_v have_v a_o absolute_a dispose_n power_n of_o the_o whole_a seem_v unreasonable_a but_o that_o he_o shall_v have_v power_n to_o dispose_v 2_o part_n seem_v to_o stand_v with_o reason_n so_o he_o leave_v the_o three_o part_n to_o descend_v for_o otherwise_o he_o shall_v be_v utter_o unable_a to_o make_v a_o jointure_n for_o his_o wife_n to_o advance_v his_o child_n in_o marriage_n or_o to_o pay_v his_o debt_n all_o which_o a_o man_n be_v bind_v in_o conscience_n to_o do_v therefore_o it_o be_v very_o unreasonable_a that_o he_o shall_v be_v so_o fetter_v and_o bind_v in_o
his_o estate_n that_o he_o be_v not_o able_a to_o perform_v they_o i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a that_o when_o i_o give_v land_n to_o a_o man_n and_o his_o heir_n the_o law_n say_v that_o the_o word_n heir_n be_v by_o way_n of_o limitation_n not_o of_o purchase_n yet_o when_o a_o estate_n so_o descend_v or_o be_v give_v as_o aforesaid_a the_o heir_n by_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o ancestor_n and_o the_o donor_n aught_o to_o have_v a_o estate_n in_o point_n of_o interest_n as_o also_o in_o conscience_n after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o father_n for_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v demand_v of_o such_o a_o one_o who_o intend_v to_o leave_v his_o land_n to_o descend_v to_o a_o heir_n or_o of_o the_o donor_n whether_o he_o intend_v that_o his_o heir_n or_o the_o donor_n shall_v sell_v or_o give_v away_o the_o estate_n so_o descend_v or_o come_v through_o their_o goodness_n care_n and_o providence_n to_o a_o stranger_n i_o know_v their_o answer_n will_v be_v that_o they_o intend_v not_o a_o disinherison_n of_o the_o heir_n but_o that_o the_o estate_n shall_v descend_v and_o go_v to_o their_o heir_n with_o the_o same_o freedom_n it_o descend_v or_o come_v to_o they_o but_o i_o will_v not_o be-mistaken_o for_o i_o intend_v only_o a_o three_o part_n to_o descend_v for_o the_o reason_n aforesaid_a but_o now_o let_v we_o examine_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o law_n aforesaid_a and_o where_o the_o inconvenience_n lie_v the_o reason_n be_v that_o it_o be_v against_o the_o purity_n and_o absoluteness_n of_o a_o fee-simple_n not_o to_o have_v such_o dispose_n power_n where_o lie_v the_o inconvenience_n that_o it_o be_v against_o a_o maxim_n of_o law_n nothing_o of_o prejudice_n either_o to_o the_o public_a or_o to_o any_o private_a or_o particular_a person_n and_o then_o examine_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o other_o side_n why_o such_o a_o tenant_n in_o fee-simple_n shall_v have_v power_n only_o to_o dispose_v of_o two_o part_n and_o leave_v the_o three_o to_o descend_v to_o his_o heir_n because_o it_o will_v agree_v with_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o ancestor_n and_o likewise_o prevent_v the_o begger_n of_o the_o heir_n a_o thing_n too_o common_a with_o profuse_a and_o prodigal_a ancestor_n in_o these_o day_n so_o that_o i_o conceive_v it_o be_v evident_a to_o you_o that_o the_o inconvenience_n lie_v on_o this_o side_n and_o whether_o it_o be_v better_a to_o continue_v a_o maxim_n without_o reason_n or_o to_o alter_v it_o upon_o good_a ground_n i_o leave_v to_o the_o consideration_n of_o our_o sage_n and_o of_o this_o only_a thus_o much_o the_o next_o thing_n i_o have_v to_o treat_v of_o be_v common_a recovery_n concerning_o which_o i_o shall_v propound_v this_o short_a case_n and_o question_n tenant_n in_o tail_n with_o remainder_n over_o suffer_v a_o common_a recovery_n whether_o this_o in_o law_n or_o conscience_n aught_o to_o bind_v the_o issue_n in_o tail_n and_o theremainder_n over_o it_o be_v true_a that_o through_o custom_n and_o long_a continuance_n this_o be_v now_o become_v the_o common_a assurance_n of_o the_o land_n and_o i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a that_o this_o point_n receive_v a_o full_a resolution_n by_o the_o other_o judge_n in_o marie_n portingtons_n case_n in_o my_o lord_n cook_n ten_o book_n that_o such_o recovery_n be_v good_a and_o bind_a not_o only_o to_o the_o issue_n in_o tail_n but_o those_o in_o remainder_n likewise_o yet_o i_o hope_v a_o man_n may_v now_o with_o freedom_n dispute_v it_o since_o all_o conscionable_a honest_a man_n that_o ever_o i_o meet_v with_o oppose_v it_o and_o i_o dare_v say_v that_o policy_n and_o private_a interest_n first_o make_v this_o conveyance_n lawful_a or_o at_o least_o to_o seem_v so_o and_o be_v that_o in_o the_o discourse_n of_o this_o case_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o know_v what_o the_o law_n be_v before_o the_o stat._n of_o 13._o e._n 1._o of_o intail_v and_o the_o mischief_n of_o that_o law_n which_o cause_v the_o make_n of_o that_o stat._n for_o a_o remedy_n it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o if_o i_o cite_v the_o stat._n wherein_o we_o shall_v find_v both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o the_o mischief_n and_o the_o remedy_n and_o than_o it_o will_v be_v easy_a to_o judge_v whether_o the_o mischief_n against_o which_o the_o act_n of_o 13._o e._n 1._o be_v provide_v do_v not_o still_o continue_v by_o common_a recovery_n notwithstanding_o the_o remedy_n but_o before_o i_o cite_v the_o stat._n i_o can_v but_o put_v you_o in_o mind_n that_o it_o have_v be_v desire_v and_o propose_v by_o some_o in_o print_n who_o either_o never_o read_v the_o say_a stat._n or_o do_v not_o well_o understand_v it_o that_o the_o say_a stat._n may_v be_v take_v away_o the_o mischief_n at_o the_o common_a law_n revive_v and_o the_o remedy_n suppress_v all_o that_o i_o shall_v say_v to_o such_o be_v that_o that_o law_n if_o we_o will_v believe_v our_o judge_n and_o sage_n of_o the_o law_n be_v make_v by_o very_o sage_a and_o wise_a man_n and_o therefore_o we_o ought_v to_o judge_v it_o to_o be_v make_v upon_o very_o good_a ground_n and_o reason_n and_o so_o not_o to_o be_v repeal_v without_o better_a reason_n but_o i_o need_v say_v no_o more_o for_o i_o doubt_v not_o you_o will_v find_v upon_o the_o read_n of_o it_o that_o it_o be_v make_v upon_o solid_a and_o profound_a reason_n and_o so_o not_o to_o be_v alter_v upon_o any_o clark_n or_o attorney_n motion_n 13._o e._n 1._o cap._n 1._o in_o gift_n in_o tail_n the_o donor_n will_v shall_v be_v observe_v first_o concerning_o land_n that_o many_o time_n be_v give_v upon_o condition_n that_o be_v to_o wit_n where_o any_o give_v his_o land_n to_o any_o man_n and_o his_o wife_n and_o to_o the_o heir_n beget_v of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o same_o man_n and_o his_o wife_n with_o such_o condition_n express_v that_o if_o the_o same_o man_n and_o his_o wife_n die_v without_o heir_n of_o their_o body_n between_o they_o beget_v the_o land_n so_o give_v shall_v revert_v to_o the_o giver_n or_o his_o heir_n in_o case_n also_o where_o one_o give_v land_n in_o free_a marriage_n which_o gift_n have_v a_o condition_n annex_v though_o it_o be_v not_o express_v in_o the_o deed_n of_o gift_n which_o be_v this_o that_o if_o the_o husband_n and_o wife_n die_v without_o heir_n of_o their_o body_n beget_v the_o land_n so_o give_v shall_v revert_v to_o the_o giver_n or_o his_o heir_n in_o case_n also_o where_o one_o give_v land_n to_o another_o and_o the_o heir_n of_o his_o body_n issue_v it_o seem_v very_o hard_a and_o yet_o seem_v to_o the_o giver_n and_o their_o heir_n that_o their_o will_n be_v express_v in_o the_o gift_n be_v not_o heretofore_o nor_o yet_o be_v observe_v in_o all_o the_o case_n aforesaid_a after_o issue_v beget_v and_o bear_v between_o they_o to_o who_o the_o land_n be_v give_v under_o such_o condition_n heretofore_o such_o feoffee_n have_v power_n to_o alien_a the_o land_n so_o give_v and_o to_o disherit_v their_o issue_n of_o the_o land_n contrary_a to_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o giver_n and_o contrary_a to_o the_o form_n express_v in_o the_o gift_n and_o further_o when_o the_o issue_n of_o such_o feoffee_n be_v fail_v the_o land_n so_o give_v aught_o to_o return_v to_o the_o giver_n or_o his_o heir_n by_o force_n of_o the_o gift_n express_v in_o the_o deed_n though_o the_o issue_n if_o any_o be_v have_v die_v yet_o by_o the_o deed_n and_o feoffment_n of_o they_o to_o who_o land_n be_v so_o give_v upon_o condition_n the_o donor_n have_v heretofore_o be_v bar_v of_o their_o reversion_n which_o be_v direct_o repugnant_a to_o the_o form_n of_o the_o gift_n wherefore_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n perceive_v how_o necessary_a and_o expedient_a it_o shall_v be_v to_o provide_v remedy_n in_o the_o foresay_a case_n have_v ordain_v that_o the_o will_n of_o the_o giver_n according_a to_o the_o form_n in_o the_o deed_n of_o gift_n manifest_o express_v shall_v be_v from_o henceforth_o observe_v so_o that_o they_o to_o who_o the_o land_n be_v give_v under_o such_o condition_n shall_v have_v no_o power_n to_o alien_a the_o land_n so_o give_v but_o that_o it_o shall_v remain_v unto_o the_o issue_n of_o they_o to_o who_o it_o be_v give_v after_o their_o death_n or_o shall_v revert_v unto_o the_o giver_n or_o his_o heir_n if_o issue_n fail_v whereas_o there_o be_v no_o issue_n at_o all_o or_o if_o any_o issue_n be_v and_o fail_v by_o death_n or_o heir_n of_o the_o body_n of_o such_o issue_n fail_v etc._n etc._n and_o if_o a_o fine_a be_v levy_v hereafter_o upon_o such_o land_n it_o shall_v be_v void_a in_o the_o law_n and_o no_o claim_n needs_o etc._n etc._n here_o i_o have_v faithful_o cite_v you_o the_o stat._n word_n for_o word_n and_o what_o the_o common_a law_n be_v before_o the_o
do_v take_v away_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o king_n to_o which_o i_o answer_v that_o they_o be_v so_o term_v by_o that_o stat._n not_o in_o relation_n only_o to_o the_o defeat_n of_o the_o king_n intention_n but_o because_o they_o be_v so_o in_o themselves_o feign_v and_o untrue_a beside_o be_v they_o so_o term_v because_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o king_n be_v thereby_o defeat_v why_o where_o there_o be_v the_o same_o reason_n there_o ought_v to_o be_v the_o same_o law_n and_o in_o this_o case_n be_v not_o the_o apparent_a intention_n of_o the_o donor_n in_o his_o gift_n defeat_v by_o such_o recovery_n contrary_a to_o the_o stat._n which_o say_v that_o the_o will_n of_o the_o donor_n shall_v be_v observe_v but_o it_o be_v further_a say_v in_o that_o case_n that_o confirmat_fw-la usum_fw-la qui_fw-la tollit_fw-la abusum_fw-la and_o that_o it_o be_v a_o bar_n in_o that_o case_n before_o that_o act_n of_o 34._o h._n 8._o make_v to_o the_o contrary_a certain_o if_o it_o be_v a_o abuse_n in_o the_o king_n case_n it_o be_v no_o other_o in_o a_o common_a person_n and_o it_o be_v very_o happy_a if_o a_o act_n be_v likewise_o make_v against_o they_o in_o our_o case_n that_o we_o may_v not_o have_v they_o know_v for_o the_o future_a for_o the_o stat._n of_o 11._o h._n 7._o when_o a_o woman_n advance_v by_o the_o husband_n with_o a_o competent_a jointure_n in_o tail_n suffer_v a_o recovery_n to_o bar_v the_o issue_n this_o may_v well_o be_v say_v to_o be_v by_o covin._n now_o i_o beseech_v you_o weigh_v the_o case_n in_o the_o balance_n of_o reason_n and_o then_o judge_v whether_o they_o differ_v or_o no_o be_v it_o not_o as_o much_o covinous_a for_o any_o tenant_n in_o tail_n who_o take_v such_o estate_n to_o he_o and_o his_o issue_n to_o disherit_v his_o issue_n by_o such_o recovery_n contrary_a to_o the_o say_a stat._n for_o the_o stat._n of_o 32._o h._n 8._o and_o 34._o el._n of_o a_o common_a recovery_n against_o tenant_n for_o life_n it_o may_v well_o be_v term_v covinous_a and_o by_o collusion_n to_o this_o i_o shall_v say_v no_o more_o but_o this_o that_o certain_o in_o our_o case_n there_o be_v as_o much_o of_o injustice_n covin_z and_o collusion_n by_o suffer_v such_o common_a recovery_n as_o in_o any_o of_o the_o former_a further_o it_o be_v say_v by_o those_o that_o argue_v against_o these_o recovery_n that_o that_o opinion_n that_o a_o common_a recovery_n can_v not_o be_v restrain_v by_o condition_n or_o limitation_n be_v new_a and_o of_o late_a invention_n and_o never_o hear_v before_o sir_n anthony_n mildmaye_v case_n 6._o rep._n fol._n 40._o for_o it_o be_v admit_v to_o be_v restrain_v in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o arundel_n 17._o el._n dyer_n fol._n 342._o 343._o and_o in_o the_o argument_n of_o scholasticas_fw-la case_n 12._o e._n com._n 403._o the_o say_a point_n of_o restraint_n of_o a_o common_a recovery_n be_v never_o move_v here_o observe_v reader_n another_o new_a invention_n that_o these_o recovery_n can_v be_v restrain_v by_o any_o condition_n or_o limitation_n so_o that_o there_o must_v be_v such_o a_o power_n give_v to_o support_v these_o recovery_n though_o against_o the_o letter_n of_o the_o stat._n and_o the_o will_n of_o the_o donor_n that_o no_o human_a invention_n can_v prevent_v as_o to_o the_o earl_n of_o arundel_n case_n it_o be_v say_v that_o nothing_o be_v speak_v to_o it_o by_o those_o who_o argue_v the_o case_n and_o so_o no_o authority_n to_o this_o i_o say_v that_o certain_o have_v the_o law_n be_v conceive_v to_o be_v such_o that_o such_o recovery_n can_v not_o be_v restrain_v by_o condition_n it_o will_v have_v be_v then_o urge_v which_o rather_o conclude_v on_o this_o part_n as_o to_o scholasticas_fw-la case_n all_o that_o my_o lord_n cook_n say_v be_v this_o he_o much_o respect_v the_o reporter_n and_o attribute_n due_a honour_n and_o reverence_n to_o the_o judge_n but_o amicus_fw-la plato_n amicus_fw-la socrates_n sed_fw-la magis_fw-la amica_fw-la veritas_fw-la though_o that_o it_o be_v not_o then_o think_v on_o by_o the_o learned_a man_n of_o that_o time_n yet_o my_o lord_n cook_n will_v have_v it_o to_o be_v law_n and_o prefer_v his_o opinion_n which_o he_o call_v truth_n which_o truth_n so_o call_v appear_v to_o be_v only_o a_o new_a invention_n before_o the_o contrary_a suppose_a law_n of_o that_o time_n and_o it_o be_v further_a say_v in_o portingtons_n case_n that_o none_o ought_v to_o be_v hear_v to_o dispute_v against_o the_o legal_a pillar_n of_o common_a assurance_n of_o land_n and_o inheritance_n of_o the_o subject_n and_o it_o be_v likewise_o say_v that_o at_o a_o parliament_n hold_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o q._n e._n in_o vernon_n and_o herbert_n case_n debate_v before_o the_o lord_n of_o parliament_n hoord_n counsel_n with_o vernon_n invay_v against_o these_o recovery_n who_o be_v then_o reprove_v by_o dyer_n ch._n just_a of_o the_o common_a plea_n who_o say_v that_o he_o be_v not_o worthy_a to_o be_v of_o the_o profession_n of_o the_o law_n who_o dare_v speak_v against_o common_a recovery_n which_o be_v the_o sinew_n of_o the_o assurance_n of_o inheritance_n and_o found_v upon_o great_a reason_n and_o authority_n sed_fw-la non_fw-la omnis_fw-la capit_fw-la hoc_fw-la verbum_fw-la by_o this_o you_o may_v easy_o judge_v what_o most_o support_v this_o assurance_n for_o if_o lawyer_n must_v be_v silence_v it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o common_a recovery_n pass_v for_o law_n i_o know_v i_o shall_v not_o pass_v uncensured_a as_o i_o have_v say_v before_o hoard_v case_n will_v be_v i_o with_o advantage_n but_o it_o shall_v not_o at_o all_o disturb_v my_o rest_n for_o have_v truth_n of_o my_o side_n i_o care_v not_o who_o be_v against_o i_o and_o certain_o that_o councillor_n that_o be_v a_o councillor_n of_o the_o law_n deserve_v the_o sharp_a reproof_n and_o since_o non_fw-la omnis_fw-la capit_fw-la hoc_fw-la verbum_fw-la as_o be_v say_v before_o let_v i_o not_o be_v rebuke_v without_o reason_n and_o if_o any_o one_o can_v convince_v i_o in_o that_o i_o shall_v with_o all_o humility_n submit_v to_o his_o judgement_n last_o it_o be_v say_v that_o d._n 8._o lib._n 1._o cap._n 26._o approve_v common_a recovery_n to_o bind_v as_o well_o in_o conscience_n as_o in_o law_n for_o my_o part_n i_o conceive_v that_o the_o better_a opinion_n there_o be_v against_o they_o and_o so_o i_o believe_v any_o man_n will_v judge_v that_o shall_v read_v the_o chapter_n i_o shall_v faithful_o recite_v the_o dispute_n and_o leave_v it_o to_o judgement_n and_o therein_o first_o the_o manner_n and_o practice_n of_o suffer_v such_o recovery_n the_o demandant_n shall_v suppose_v in_o his_o writ_n and_o declaration_n that_o the_o tenant_n in_o tail_n have_v no_o entry_n but_o by_o such_o a_o stranger_n where_o neither_o the_o demandant_n nor_o the_o say_a stranger_n never_o have_v possession_n of_o the_o land_n whereupon_o the_o tenant_n in_o tail_n shall_v appear_v and_o by_o assent_n of_o the_o party_n shall_v vouch_v the_o common_a vouchee_n who_o he_o know_v to_o have_v nothing_o to_o yield_v in_o value_n now_o reader_n judge_v whether_o this_o be_v not_o a_o mere_a fiction_n of_o a_o recompense_n in_o value_n and_o the_o vouchee_n shall_v appear_v and_o the_o demandant_n shall_v declare_v against_o he_o whereupon_o he_o shall_v take_v day_n to_o imparle_v in_o the_o same_o term_n and_o at_o the_o day_n by_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o party_n he_o shall_v make_v default_n upon_o which_o because_o it_o be_v a_o default_n in_o despite_n of_o the_o court_n the_o demandant_n shall_v have_v judgement_n to_o recover_v against_o the_o tenant_n in_o tail_n and_o he_o over_o in_o value_n against_o the_o vouchee_n and_o this_o judgement_n and_o recovery_n in_o value_n be_v take_v for_o a_o bar_n of_o the_o tail_n for_o ever_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o recompense_n for_o by_o presumption_n the_o vouchee_n may_v purchase_v land_n thus_o you_o have_v the_o practice_n of_o a_o common_a recovery_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o invention_n to_o cut_v off_o intail_v which_o have_v be_v the_o ruin_n of_o many_o a_o family_n but_o it_o be_v reason_v that_o although_o such_o recovery_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o multitude_n of_o they_o be_v spare_v that_o they_o stand_v not_o with_o conscience_n foâ—_z by_o the_o stat._n of_o 13._o e._n 1._o when_o the_o ancestor_n be_v dead_a entail_a land_n oâ—_n right_o belong_v to_o the_o heir_n for_o that_o he_o be_v heir_n according_a to_o the_o gift_n if_o theâ—_z thou_o be_v command_v not_o to_o covet_v 〈◊〉_d fortiori_fw-la that_o thou_o do_v not_o withhold_v thy_o neighbour_n house_n etc._n etc._n and_o although_o it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o thaâ—_z which_o be_v ordain_v by_o the_o law_n may_v be_v annul_v by_o the_o law_n there_o be_v not_o here_o like_o authority_n
where_o the_o suit_n be_v only_o proper_a there_o and_o be_v not_o nor_o can_v be_v bring_v in_o question_n at_o law_n in_o such_o case_n it_o be_v reason_n that_o court_n shall_v have_v a_o determine_a power_n in_o the_o matter_n of_o equity_n and_o such_o case_n only_o i_o be_o confident_a will_v find_v work_n enough_o for_o the_o commissioner_n and_o this_o will_v be_v a_o very_a great_a ease_n and_o benefit_n to_o the_o people_n for_o the_o scruple_n of_o confusion_n i_o know_v no_o reason_n but_o that_o judge_n of_o law_n may_v as_o well_o judge_v of_o equity_n as_o judge_n of_o equity_n judge_v of_o law_n nay_o more_o be_v they_o not_o all_o lawyer_n i_o know_v it_o be_v no_o strange_a thing_n for_o other_o to_o have_v be_v chancellor_n yea_o it_o have_v be_v common_a for_o bishop_n to_o exercise_v that_o great_a place_n of_o judicature_n how_o proper_a it_o be_v for_o they_o in_o relation_n to_o their_o function_n as_o also_o to_o the_o place_n of_o judicature_n itself_o i_o shall_v not_o dispute_v here_o as_o not_o proper_a to_o that_o i_o intend_v but_o certain_a i_o be_o none_o more_o proper_a judge_n of_o equity_n than_o judge_n of_o law_n nor_o can_v he_o be_v a_o competent_a judge_n of_o equity_n that_o understand_v not_o the_o law_n for_o equity_n be_v no_o other_o but_o a_o exception_n of_o the_o law_n of_o god_n or_o of_o the_o law_n of_o reason_n from_o the_o general_a rule_n of_o the_o law_n of_o man_n which_o exception_n be_v secret_o understand_v in_o every_o general_a rule_n of_o every_o positive_a law_n therefore_o he_o that_o understand_v not_o the_o one_o can_v well_o judge_v of_o the_o other_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o urge_v one_o thing_n more_o which_o i_o be_o sure_a will_v very_o much_o abate_v and_o lessen_v vexatious_a and_o troublesome_a suit_n in_o chancery_n and_o that_o be_v that_o no_o plaintiff_n shall_v prefer_v a_o bill_n but_o that_o he_o may_v swear_v it_o as_o well_o as_o the_o defendant_n his_o answer_n that_o such_o untruth_n as_o be_v now_o to_o the_o shame_n and_o scandal_n of_o our_o profession_n allege_v and_o prefer_v in_o all_o or_o most_o bill_n exhibit_v may_v be_v prevent_v that_o man_n may_v not_o lie_v pray_v pardon_v the_o coarseness_n of_o the_o term_n since_o the_o truth_n be_v so_o by_o toleration_n to_o this_o i_o know_v it_o will_v be_v say_v that_o some_o bill_n be_v mere_o for_o discovery_n and_o the_o like_a and_o so_o not_o to_o be_v swear_v to_o to_o this_o i_o answer_v that_o there_o be_v no_o bill_n but_o have_v something_o positive_o allege_v in_o it_o and_o that_o methinks_v seem_v reason_n that_o every_o plaintiff_n shall_v swear_v to_o the_o rather_o for_o the_o honour_n of_o this_o high_a court_n that_o man_n may_v not_o dare_v to_o forge_v falsity_n and_o to_o present_v they_o to_o the_o commissioner_n for_o specious_a truth_n i_o have_v one_o thing_n more_o to_o say_v and_o with_o which_o i_o shall_v conclude_v and_o that_o be_v that_o it_o seem_v very_o hard_a to_o i_o that_o man_n shall_v not_o have_v cost_n of_o suit_n in_o some_o reason_n answerable_a to_o what_o they_o have_v necessary_o expend_v in_o this_o court_n as_o well_o as_o at_o law_n so_o that_o often_o the_o remedy_n prove_v as_o bad_a if_o not_o worse_a than_o the_o disease_n and_o sure_o this_o can_v be_v agreeable_a to_o equity_n it_o be_v not_o aequum_fw-la nor_o bonum_fw-la neither_o good_a for_o the_o court_n nor_o equal_a to_o the_o party_n and_o this_o to_o my_o knowledge_n have_v deter_v many_o a_o man_n from_o prosecution_n in_o this_o court_n i_o shall_v say_v no_o more_o but_o this_o judge_v i_o according_a to_o equity_n and_o then_o i_o know_v i_o shall_v not_o be_v condemn_v the_o next_o thing_n i_o have_v resolve_v to_o treat_v of_o be_v collateral_a warranty_n and_o in_o that_o i_o shall_v propound_v this_o short_a question_n whether_o collateral_a warranty_n stand_v with_o reason_n and_o conscience_n or_o no_o and_o first_o i_o shall_v let_v you_o know_v what_o a_o collateral_a warranty_n be_v that_o you_o may_v the_o better_o understand_v the_o reason_n of_o this_o question_n a_o collateral_a warranty_n be_v thus_o where_o a_o collateral_a ancestor_n as_o a_o uncle_n release_v to_o the_o discontinuee_n or_o disseisor_n of_o land_n in_o tail_n with_o warranty_n and_o and_o die_v this_o bar_v the_o heir_n in_o tail_n because_o the_o warranty_n descend_v upon_o he_o who_o can_v derive_v any_o title_n from_o the_o uncle_n and_o though_o the_o warranty_n descend_v lineal_o yet_o it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v collateral_a because_o the_o ancestor_n be_v collateral_a to_o the_o title_n but_o to_o make_v the_o case_n more_o plain_a i_o shall_v put_v one_o case_n out_o of_o littleton_n sect._n 709._o if_o tenant_n in_o tail_n discontinue_v the_o tail_n and_o have_v issue_n and_o die_v and_o the_o uncle_n of_o the_o issue_n release_v to_o the_o discontinuee_n with_o warranty_n etc._n etc._n and_o dies_fw-la without_o issue_n this_o be_v a_o collateral_a warranty_n to_o the_o issue_n in_o tail_n because_o that_o the_o warranty_n descend_v upon_o the_o issue_n who_o can_v convey_v himself_o to_o the_o tail_n by_o mean_n of_o his_o uncle_n and_o you_o must_v know_v that_o this_o warranty_n be_v a_o bar_n without_o any_o asset_n or_o estate_n descend_v from_o he_o that_o make_v the_o warranty_n which_o be_v the_o great_a extremity_n of_o the_o case_n the_o reason_n that_o my_o lord_n cook_n give_v why_o the_o warranty_n of_o the_o uncle_n have_v no_o right_a to_o the_o land_n entail_v shall_v bar_v the_o issue_n in_o tail_n be_v because_o that_o it_o be_v presume_v that_o the_o uncle_n will_v not_o unnatural_o disherit_v his_o lawful_a heir_n be_v of_o his_o own_o blood_n of_o that_o right_n which_o the_o uncle_n never_o have_v but_o come_v to_o the_o heir_n by_o another_o mean_a except_o that_o he_o will_v leave_v he_o great_a advancement_n nemo_fw-la praesumitur_fw-la alienam_fw-la posteritatem_fw-la suae_fw-la praetulisse_fw-la no_o man_n be_v presume_v to_o prefer_v another_o posterity_n before_o his_o own_o and_o in_o this_o case_n he_o further_o say_v that_o the_o law_n will_v admit_v no_o proof_n against_o that_o which_o the_o law_n presume_v and_o so_o of_o all_o other_o collateral_a warranty_n for_o no_o man_n be_v presume_v to_o do_v any_o thing_n against_o nature_n it_o be_v well_o that_o my_o lord_n cook_n will_v offer_v some_o reason_n for_o it_o it_o be_v more_o than_o i_o find_v in_o d._n s._n lib._n 1._o cap._n 32._o for_o he_o say_v it_o be_v a_o bar_n in_o law_n and_o conscience_n because_o that_o it_o be_v a_o maxim_n but_o now_o let_v we_o examine_v the_o reason_n of_o my_o lord_n cook_n and_o see_v whether_o it_o do_v stand_v with_o conscience_n reason_n and_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n for_o my_o part_n i_o judge_v not_o that_o to_o be_v law_n nor_o worthy_a so_o to_o be_v consider_v that_o be_v unreasonable_a unconscionable_a and_o against_o the_o common_a good_a it_o be_v a_o unreasonable_a and_o unconscionable_a law_n that_o a_o collateral_a ancestor_n who_o can_v claim_v any_o right_n to_o the_o land_n shall_v have_v power_n to_o bar_v i_o that_o be_o the_o heir_n to_o it_o by_o his_o release_n and_o this_o be_v a_o case_n much_o more_o extreme_a than_o that_o of_o recovery_n in_o some_o sense_n because_o the_o uncle_n be_v a_o mere_a stranger_n as_o to_o the_o estate_n and_o this_o be_v against_o the_o rule_n of_o law_n that_o act_v do_v by_o stranger_n shall_v prejudice_v a_o three_o person_n yes_o but_o say_v my_o lord_n cook_n it_o be_v presume_v that_o the_o uncle_n will_v not_o disherit_v his_o heir_n of_o that_o which_o he_o have_v nothing_o to_o do_v with_o nor_o can_v not_o pretend_v any_o right_n to_o except_o that_o he_o will_v leave_v he_o a_o great_a advancement_n and_o no_o proof_n must_v be_v against_o this_o presumption_n a_o very_o strange_a presumption_n how_o many_o uncle_n may_v a_o man_n find_v in_o this_o age_n who_o for_o a_o small_a sum_n of_o money_n will_v not_o care_v to_o disherit_v twenty_o heir_n if_o possible_o so_o many_o can_v be_v without_o the_o least_o scruple_n of_o conscience_n who_o neither_o have_v nor_o consider_v of_o any_o other_o advancement_n to_o leave_v they_o but_o there_o be_v a_o strong_a block_n in_o the_o way_n for_o against_o that_o presumption_n there_o must_v be_v no_o proof_n so_o that_o if_o he_o leave_v no_o estate_n or_o other_o advancement_n it_o be_v all_o one_o as_o if_o he_o do_v it_o be_v presume_v he_o will_v though_o happy_o it_o be_v know_v he_o neither_o do_v nor_o can_v and_o that_o be_v sufficient_a to_o disherit_v his_o heir_n yet_o the_o rule_n of_o law_n be_v stabitur_fw-la praesumptioni_fw-la donec_fw-la probetur_fw-la in_fw-la contrarium_fw-la the_o presumption_n be_v to_o
to_o other_o but_o the_o first_o thing_n i_o shall_v consider_v be_v what_o the_o judgement_n which_o the_o foresay_a act_n call_v fort_n and_o dure_v be_v and_o than_o what_o the_o reason_n shall_v be_v that_o so_o severe_a a_o judgement_n be_v give_v in_o that_o case_n and_o then_o we_o may_v easy_o judge_v whether_o it_o be_v consonant_a to_o reason_n and_o conscience_n the_o judgement_n be_v that_o the_o man_n or_o woman_n shall_v be_v remand_v to_o the_o prison_n and_o lay_v there_o in_o some_o low_a and_o dark_a house_n where_o they_o shall_v lie_v naked_a on_o the_o bare_a earth_n without_o any_o litter_n rush_n or_o other_o clothing_n and_o without_o any_o garment_n about_o they_o but_o something_o to_o cover_v their_o privy_a part_n and_o that_o they_o shall_v lie_v upon_o their_o back_n their_o head_n uncover_v and_o their_o foot_n and_o one_o arm_n shall_v be_v draw_v to_o one_o quarter_n of_o the_o house_n with_o a_o cord_n and_o the_o other_o arm_n to_o another_o quarter_n and_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n shall_v be_v do_v with_o their_o leg_n and_o there_o shall_v be_v lay_v upon_o their_o body_n iron_n and_o stone_n so_o much_o as_o they_o may_v bear_v and_o more_o and_o the_o next_o day_n follow_v they_o shall_v have_v three_o morsel_n of_o barley_n bread_n without_o any_o drink_n and_o the_o second_o day_n they_o shall_v drink_v thrice_o of_o the_o water_n that_o be_v next_o to_o the_o house_n of_o the_o prison_n except_o run_v water_n without_o any_o bread_n and_o this_o shall_v be_v their_o diet_n until_o they_o be_v dead_a well_o may_v my_o lord_n cook_n style_v it_o as_o he_o do_v after_o a_o strange_a and_o stupendous_a punishment_n for_o when_o i_o first_o read_v it_o i_o be_v even_o amaze_v and_o astonish_v at_o it_o that_o such_o a_o law_n shall_v be_v tolerate_v among_o christian_n much_o more_o among_o protestant_n strict_a professor_n of_o christianity_n put_v to_o death_n with_o such_o aggravation_n of_o torture_n and_o misery_n be_v rare_o to_o be_v hear_v or_o read_v of_o except_o among_o heathen_n turk_n and_o infidel_n here_o be_v a_o die_v three_o manner_n of_o way_n though_o all_o but_o one_o death_n which_o will_v at_o last_o nonplus_n tyranny_n and_o put_v a_o period_n to_o all_o such_o like_a torture_n onere_fw-la fame_n and_o frigore_fw-la by_o weight_n famine_n and_o cold_a and_o therefore_o say_v my_o lord_n cook_n this_o punishment_n if_o it_o be_v execute_v according_a to_o the_o severity_n of_o the_o law_n shall_v be_v of_o all_o other_o the_o most_o grievous_a and_o fearful_a i_o confess_v i_o have_v not_o be_v a_o eye-witness_n nor_o will_v i_o for_o all_o the_o world_n of_o any_o man_n suffering_n in_o that_o kind_n though_o it_o be_v every_o year_n experience_n of_o some_o man_n undergo_n that_o death_n and_o i_o do_v believe_v according_a to_o the_o severity_n of_o the_o law_n too_o for_o it_o lie_v not_o in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o judge_n much_o less_o of_o the_o executioner_n any_o way_n to_o lessen_v or_o mitigate_v it_o after_o judgement_n past_a but_o now_o for_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o heavy_a and_o terrible_a judgement_n which_o be_v according_a to_o the_o foresay_a act_n because_o he_o refuse_v to_o stand_v to_o the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o land_n that_o be_v lawful_a and_o due_a trial_n according_a to_o law_n and_o therefore_o his_o punishment_n for_o this_o contumacy_n without_o comparison_n be_v more_o severe_a last_a and_o grievous_a than_o it_o shall_v have_v be_v for_o the_o offence_n of_o felony_n itself_o and_o for_o the_o felony_n itself_o it_o can_v be_v adjudge_v without_o answer_n a_o very_o strange_a thing_n that_o a_o man_n shall_v suffer_v ten_o fold_n more_o for_o his_o wilful_a obstinacy_n in_o refuse_v to_o put_v himself_o upon_o a_o legal_a trial_n than_o he_o shall_v for_o his_o crime_n or_o offence_n which_o be_v a_o hundredfold_o great_a more_o for_o the_o lesser_a than_o the_o great_a offence_n more_o for_o contumacy_n than_o murder_n the_o punishment_n ought_v to_o agree_v and_o to_o hold_v proportion_n with_o the_o offence_n and_o not_o to_o exceed_v it_o the_o rule_n of_o law_n be_v that_o a_o man_n ought_v to_o be_v punish_v according_a to_o his_o offence_n and_o the_o statute_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la cap._n 14._o be_v that_o a_o man_n shall_v be_v punish_v secundum_fw-la modum_fw-la delicti_fw-la according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o his_o offence_n but_o certain_o here_o be_v not_o the_o least_o equality_n or_o proportion_n between_o the_o offence_n and_o the_o punishment_n contumacy_n the_o offence_n press_v and_o starve_v to_o death_n the_o punishment_n it_o be_v true_a that_o god_n have_v genes_n 9_o 6._o command_v the_o murderer_n blood_n to_o be_v shed_v by_o man_n the_o murderer_n not_o the_o thief_n and_o thereby_o enstate_v the_o power_n of_o the_o sword_n on_o the_o supreme_a magistrate_n not_o only_o permit_v he_o and_o make_v it_o lawful_a for_o he_o so_o to_o punish_v such_o malefactor_n but_o command_v and_o require_v he_o so_o to_o do_v as_o his_o minister_n to_o execute_v wrath_n for_o he_o ought_v not_o to_o bear_v the_o sword_n in_o vain_a but_o this_o commission_n be_v not_o give_v to_o he_o absolute_o and_o arbitrary_o to_o use_v as_o he_o list_v though_o he_o may_v take_v away_o the_o murderer_n life_n yet_o he_o have_v no_o rule_n nor_o warrant_n to_o take_v it_o away_o by_o cruel_a and_o exquisite_a torture_n and_o torment_n that_o be_v praeter_fw-la mandatum_fw-la beside_o the_o command_n mercy_n be_v one_o of_o god_n attribute_n and_o even_o the_o very_a sum_n and_o body_n of_o the_o scripture_n therefore_o tyranny_n must_v needs_o be_v against_o the_o mind_n and_o will_n of_o god_n religion_n and_o christianity_n take_v away_o man_n life_n by_o cruel_a torture_n be_v diabolical_a and_o heathenish_a it_o be_v the_o devil_n part_n to_o torture_v and_o torment_n and_o it_o be_v no_o strange_a thing_n for_o wild_a beast_n to_o be_v cruel_a but_o that_o homo_fw-la homini_fw-la daemon_n one_o man_n shall_v act_n the_o part_n of_o the_o devil_n with_o another_o or_o that_o christian_n shall_v be_v cruel_a this_o be_v contrary_a to_o our_o education_n and_o profession_n the_o magistrate_n for_o prevention_n of_o sin_n and_o wickedness_n may_v severe_o punish_v and_o correct_v yea_o and_o in_o some_o case_n take_v away_o the_o life_n too_o but_o not_o tyrannical_o barbarity_n and_o inhumanity_n suit_v not_o with_o magistracy_n the_o prophet_n david_n call_v magistrate_n god_n and_o certain_o they_o approach_v then_o near_a to_o the_o deity_n when_o they_o show_v mercy_n questionless_a it_o be_v a_o high_a and_o great_a aggravation_n of_o the_o sin_n of_o the_o jew_n in_o torture_v of_o our_o bless_a saviour_n by_o that_o most_o cruel_a death_n of_o the_o cross_n but_o to_o this_o it_o will_v be_v say_v that_o that_o be_v whole_o unjust_a in_o the_o jew_n not_o so_o here_o because_o it_o be_v a_o execution_n of_o justice_n to_o this_o i_o say_v that_o it_o be_v in_o no_o case_n just_a to_o take_v away_o man_n life_n by_o linger_a and_o cruel_a torture_n this_o turn_v the_o execution_n of_o justice_n into_o sin_n and_o make_v the_o law_n itself_o unlawful_a but_o it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o it_o be_v the_o party_n own_o fault_n that_o he_o stand_v mute_a and_o will_v not_o plead_v to_o be_v try_v and_o volenti_fw-la non_fw-la fit_fw-la injuria_fw-la see_v he_o will_v so_o suffer_v there_o be_v no_o injury_n do_v he_o and_o therefore_o not_o to_o be_v pity_v to_o this_o i_o say_v let_v he_o suffer_v death_n for_o this_o his_o obstinacy_n as_o he_o shall_v if_o he_o have_v be_v try_v and_o find_v guilty_a and_o as_o the_o law_n be_v if_o we_o believe_v some_o before_o the_o foresay_a statute_n which_o be_v a_o satisfaction_n equal_a to_o the_o high_a crime_n or_o offence_n whatsoever_o against_o man_n but_o let_v this_o cruel_a and_o barbarous_a law_n of_o paine_n fort_n and_o dure_v be_v take_v away_o and_o expunge_v out_o of_o our_o book_n never_o to_o be_v revive_v silence_n may_v contract_v guilt_n but_o ought_v not_o so_o to_o aggravate_v punishment_n and_o certain_o a_o man_n folly_n or_o obstinacy_n will_v not_o excuse_v or_o extenuate_v the_o magistrate_n cruelty_n but_o to_o conclude_v i_o can_v pass_v by_o that_o gracious_a and_o merciful_a act_n of_o this_o present_a parliament_n which_o have_v take_v away_o that_o barbarous_a and_o tyrannical_a law_n of_o quarter_n of_o man_n in_o case_n of_o treason_n and_o doubtless_o this_o law_n if_o strict_o examine_v will_v be_v find_v as_o tyrannical_a if_o not_o more_o than_o the_o other_o and_o if_o it_o shall_v appear_v that_o there_o be_v as_o much_o reason_n to_o take_v away_o this_o as_o that_o i_o hope_v it_o will_v not_o continue_v long_o after_o it_o i_o shall_v say_v no_o more_o
but_o this_o gracious_a and_o merciful_a law_n conclude_v the_o governor_n to_o be_v man_n but_o tyrannical_a beast_n the_o last_o thing_n i_o shall_v debate_v be_v concerning_o wreck_n of_o sea_n and_o in_o that_o propound_v this_o question_n whether_o the_o law_n of_o forfeiture_n of_o good_n wreck_v at_o sea_n be_v a_o reasonable_a law_n or_o not_o i_o be_o not_o here_o to_o meddle_v with_o flotsam_n that_o be_v where_o good_n float_v upon_o the_o sea_n nor_o with_o jetsam_n where_o good_n be_v cast_v into_o the_o sea_n to_o prevent_v shipwreck_n nor_o yet_o with_o lagan_n where_o they_o be_v fasten_v to_o any_o thing_n that_o they_o may_v be_v discover_v for_o of_o these_o i_o may_v say_v in_o regard_n it_o be_v uncertain_a upon_o what_o coast_n they_o may_v be_v cast_v or_o whether_o drive_v capiat_fw-la qui_fw-la capere_fw-la potest_fw-la catch_n that_o catch_n can_v but_o with_o wreck_n of_o sea_n and_o that_o be_v such_o good_n only_o which_o upon_o a_o shipwreck_n be_v cast_v 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that_o be_v a_o reasonable_a law_n and_o cook_n lib._n 5._o sr._n henry_n constable_n case_n it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o statute_n of_o 3._o e._n 1._o be_v but_o a_o confirmation_n of_o the_o common_a law_n then_o certain_o the_o law_n be_v the_o same_o before_o as_o it_o be_v now_o by_o that_o statute_n and_o by_o that_o statute_n of_o 3._o e._n 1._o cap._n 4._o concerning_o wreck_n of_o the_o sea_n it_o be_v agree_v that_o where_o a_o man_n a_o dog_n or_o a_o cat_n escape_v quick_a out_o of_o the_o ship_n that_o such_o ship_n nor_o barge_n nor_o any_o thing_n within_o they_o shall_v be_v adjudge_v wreck_n but_o to_o be_v save_v and_o keep_v by_o the_o sheriff_n etc._n etc._n so_o that_o if_o any_o sue_v for_o and_o prove_v the_o good_n he_o within_o a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n they_o shall_v be_v restore_v otherwise_o to_o remain_v to_o the_o king_n etc._n etc._n so_o that_o the_o law_n be_v that_o if_o but_o a_o dog_n or_o cat_n escape_v alive_a out_o of_o the_o ship_n than_o not_o to_o be_v adjudge_v wreck_n otherwise_o it_o be_v now_o to_o i_o this_o seem_v a_o very_a hard_a law_n that_o a_o man_n shall_v lose_v his_o estate_n there_o be_v no_o act_n or_o default_n in_o he_o which_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o law_n and_o as_o i_o have_v say_v before_o there_o be_v another_o rule_n in_o law_n that_o the_o act_n of_o god_n shall_v prejudice_v no_o man_n and_o for_o my_o part_n i_o can_v judge_v a_o act_n of_o parliament_n make_v against_o this_o rule_n to_o stand_v with_o reason_n this_o be_v afflictionem_fw-la afflictis_fw-la addere_fw-la to_o add_v affliction_n to_o affliction_n and_o to_o throw_v he_o quite_o down_o that_o be_v fall_v certain_o there_o can_v be_v any_o thing_n more_o against_o reason_n and_o religion_n than_o for_o to_o add_v burden_n to_o burden_n sorrow_n to_o sorrow_n when_o the_o afflict_a hand_n of_o god_n be_v upon_o a_o man_n it_o be_v sad_a and_o miserable_a to_o meet_v with_o such_o as_o job_n friend_n for_o a_o man_n in_o 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discourse_v of_o be_v will_n and_o of_o that_o only_a by_o way_n of_o advice_n good_a advice_n in_o case_n of_o make_v last_o will_n and_o testament_n the_o only_a advice_n that_o i_o shall_v give_v to_o man_n in_o this_o case_n be_v that_o they_o will_v make_v their_o last_o will_n and_o testament_n in_o their_o health_n with_o the_o advice_n of_o lawyer_n not_o of_o parson_n or_o scrivener_n who_o know_v nothing_o but_o mere_a matter_n of_o form_n and_o like_o carrier_n horse_n keep_v their_o road_n judge_v their_o form_n to_o serve_v all_o case_n by_o which_o they_o raise_v infinite_a dispute_n and_o controversy_n and_o often_o undo_v many_o man_n nor_o be_v it_o a_o prejudice_n for_o any_o man_n to_o make_v his_o will_n since_o that_o in_o law_n he_o may_v revoke_v it_o when_o he_o please_v for_o voluntas_fw-la est_fw-la ambulatoria_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la mortem_fw-la i_o confess_v in_o the_o case_n of_o will_n the_o favour_n of_o the_o law_n to_o be_v very_o great_a for_o 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which_o now_o thanks_o be_v to_o god_n be_v take_v away_o sometime_o by_o pretence_n of_o revocation_n which_o may_v be_v make_v easy_o by_o word_n also_o in_o respect_n of_o obscure_a and_o insensible_a word_n and_o repugnant_a sentence_n the_o will_n be_v make_v in_o haste_n and_o sometime_o pretend_v that_o the_o testator_n in_o respect_n of_o extremity_n of_o pain_n be_v not_o of_o sane_fw-la memory_n and_o divers_a other_o scruple_n and_o question_n be_v move_v upon_o will_n but_o if_o it_o please_v you_o to_o devise_v land_n by_o will_n 1._o make_v it_o by_o good_a advice_n in_o your_o full_a memory_n and_o inform_v your_o counsel_n true_o of_o the_o estate_n and_o tenure_n of_o your_o land_n and_o by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n the_o resolution_n of_o the_o justice_n in_o this_o case_n will_v be_v good_a direction_n to_o counsel_n learned_a to_o make_v your_o will_n according_a to_o law_n and_o by_o this_o to_o prevent_v question_n and_o controversy_n 2._o it_o be_v good_a if_o 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amicus_fw-la reipublicae_fw-la the_o commonwealth_n friend_n or_o a_o exact_a and_o speedy_a course_n to_o justice_n and_o right_n and_o for_o prevent_v and_o determine_v of_o tedious_a law-suit_n with_o many_o other_o thing_n very_o considerable_a for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o public_a all_o which_o be_v full_o controvert_v and_o debate_v in_o law_n by_o john_n march_n of_o grays-inn_n barister_n interest_n reipublicae_fw-la ut_fw-la sit_fw-la finis_fw-la litium_fw-la london_n print_v by_o will_n bentley_n for_o francis_n eglesfield_n at_o the_o marygold_n in_o s._n paul_n churchyard_n 1651._o to_o the_o right_n honourable_a john_n bradshaw_n sergeant_n at_o law_n lord_n president_n of_o the_o council_n of_o state_n right_o honourable_a when_o i_o have_v consider_v the_o meanness_n and_o weakness_n of_o this_o poor_a endeavour_n of_o i_o and_o your_o lordship_n depth_n of_o judgement_n and_o understanding_n i_o be_v extreme_o dishearten_v and_o even_o ashamed_a to_o present_v it_o 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commonwealth_n and_o government_n whatsoever_o and_o when_o i_o have_v further_o consider_v that_o somewhat_o nay_o i_o may_v say_v as_o much_o as_o the_o present_a extremity_n will_v permit_v have_v be_v do_v by_o our_o parliament_n for_o correction_n and_o amendment_n or_o total_a expunge_n of_o some_o ill_a law_n and_o much_o more_o endeavour_v which_o i_o doubt_v not_o will_v be_v accomplish_v in_o due_a time_n i_o think_v it_o my_o duty_n to_o cast_v my_o mite_n into_o this_o treasury_n and_o to_o declare_v and_o set_v forth_o something_o of_o our_o law_n worthy_a of_o serious_a consideration_n and_o if_o i_o mistake_v not_o of_o reformation_n too_o that_o which_o i_o offer_v be_v against_o some_o ancient_a practice_n or_o proceed_n and_o against_o some_o principle_n of_o our_o law_n and_o here_o i_o know_v it_o will_v be_v say_v to_o i_o that_o contra_fw-la negantem_fw-la principia_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la disputandum_fw-la they_o be_v of_o so_o high_a a_o nature_n they_o 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as_o to_o have_v no_o fault_n or_o blemish_n in_o it_o for_o that_o be_v to_o attribute_v absolute_a and_o infallible_a perfection_n in_o judgement_n to_o the_o maker_n which_o we_o know_v be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v on_o earth_n in_o any_o human_a race_n you_o know_v what_o the_o apostle_n say_v the_o first_o of_o the_o cor._n 13._o 9_o for_o we_o know_v in_o part_n etc._n etc._n and_o if_o we_o know_v but_o it_o part_n certain_o our_o action_n must_v needs_o be_v full_a of_o imperfection_n and_o i_o hope_v none_o will_v judge_v i_o to_o love_v my_o study_v the_o less_o because_o i_o desire_v to_o keep_v it_o clean_o gold_n be_v the_o pure_a for_o be_v refine_v and_o the_o tree_n grow_v the_o better_a for_o prune_v and_o cut_v off_o the_o exuberant_a and_o unnecessary_a branch_n which_o suck_v the_o sap_n from_o the_o body_n and_o be_v useless_a for_o any_o thing_n but_o the_o fire_n themselves_o if_o we_o
make_n of_o this_o stat._n be_v apparent_a estate_n now_o by_o force_n of_o that_o stat._n call_v intail_v be_v at_o the_o common_a law_n fee-simple_n conditional_a so_o that_o a_o man_n have_v such_o a_o estate_n before_o this_o stat._n have_v power_n after_o issue_n have_v to_o alien_n and_o by_o that_o to_o bar_v the_o issue_n and_o likewise_o he_o in_o reversion_n and_o this_o be_v say_v by_o the_o stat._n express_o to_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o giver_n and_o contrary_a to_o the_o form_n express_v in_o the_o gift_n and_o this_o be_v the_o great_a mischief_n at_o the_o common_a law_n then_o come_v this_o stat._n and_o provide_v against_o the_o say_a mischief_n that_o the_o will_n of_o the_o donor_n shall_v be_v observe_v and_o that_o such_o donee_n in_o tail_n shall_v have_v no_o power_n to_o alien_a to_o bar_v their_o issue_n or_o he_o in_o reversion_n now_o certain_o the_o best_a way_n of_o argument_n be_v upon_o the_o law_n itself_o and_o that_o be_v pregnant_a and_o plain_a that_o the_o donee_n after_o this_o stat._n have_v no_o power_n to_o alien_a to_o bar_v his_o issue_n or_o he_o in_o reversion_n now_o i_o beseech_v you_o to_o what_o end_n be_v this_o stat._n if_o notwithstanding_o a_o donee_n in_o tail_n may_v by_o a_o recovery_n bar_v his_o issue_n and_o he_o in_o reversion_n certain_o have_v any_o such_o thing_n be_v know_v then_o as_o a_o recovery_n it_o will_v have_v be_v provide_v against_o as_o well_o as_o a_o fine_a or_o otherwise_o a_o man_n may_v well_o question_v the_o wisdom_n of_o the_o maker_n of_o the_o law_n notwithstanding_o they_o have_v receive_v so_o great_a a_o applause_n by_o our_o sage_n of_o the_o law_n the_o law_n hate_v vain_a and_o unprofitable_a thing_n and_o have_v recovery_n be_v know_v then_o and_o not_o provide_v against_o certain_o no_o law_n can_v be_v more_o vain_a and_o unprofitable_a but_o now_o to_o come_v to_o marie_n portingtons_n case_n in_o cook_n ten_o book_n where_o this_o case_n be_v large_o debate_v there_o you_o shall_v find_v the_o original_a of_o these_o common_a recovery_n there_o by_o those_o that_o argue_v against_o they_o it_o be_v say_v that_o it_o be_v not_o invent_v till_o 12._o e._n 4._o taltarum_n case_n that_o such_o recovery_n shall_v bind_v the_o estate_n tail_n upon_o a_o pretence_n of_o a_o feign_a recompense_n to_o which_o it_o be_v say_v by_o the_o court_n upon_o judgement_n give_v that_o judgement_n give_v against_o tenant_n in_o tail_n with_o voucher_n and_o recompense_n in_o value_n shall_v bind_v the_o estate_n tail_n notwithstanding_o the_o say_a act_n of_o 13._o e._n 1._o be_v the_o recovery_n upon_o good_a title_n or_o not_o and_o that_o the_o judgement_n give_v in_o such_o case_n for_o the_o tenant_n in_o tail_n to_o have_v in_o value_n bind_v the_o estate_n tail_n though_o that_o no_o recompense_n be_v have_v and_o this_o they_o say_v be_v law_n in_o e._n 3._o time_n for_o which_o they_o cite_v these_o book_n but_o here_o observe_v by_o the_o way_n that_o those_o recovery_n be_v not_o invent_v before_o that_o time_n as_o themselves_o do_v agree_v and_o of_o what_o validity_n such_o new_a invention_n can_v be_v against_o a_o stat._n express_o against_o any_o alienation_n in_o such_o case_n let_v any_o rational_a man_n judge_v but_o for_o the_o case_n they_o have_v cite_v 15._o e._n 3._o tit._n brief_a 324._o by_o recovery_n in_o value_n by_o tenant_n in_o tail_n the_o estate_n tail_n be_v bar_v and_o he_o shall_v have_v a_o formdon_n of_o the_o land_n so_o recover_v in_o value_n with_o which_o agree_v 42._o e._n 3._o 53._o and_o 44._o e._n 3._o 21_o 22._o octavian_n lombard_n case_n tenant_n in_o tail_n grant_v a_o rent_n charge_n to_o one_o who_o have_v right_a to_o the_o land_n in_o tail_n for_o a_o release_n it_o shall_v bind_v the_o issue_n 48._o e._n 3._o 11._o b._n jeffrey_n bencher_n case_n recovery_n in_o value_n by_o tenant_n in_o tail_n shall_v bind_v the_o tail_n and_o a_o formdon_n lie_v of_o the_o land_n recover_v in_o value_n with_o which_o agree_v 1._o e._n 4._o fol._n 5._o 5._o e._n 4._o 2._o 6._o for_o these_o book_n thus_o cite_v that_o such_o recovery_n shall_v bind_v the_o issue_n in_o tail_n they_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o a_o recovery_n upon_o good_a title_n and_o of_o a_o real_a not_o a_o feign_a recompense_n for_o they_o all_o agree_v that_o a_o formdon_n will_v lie_v of_o the_o land_n recover_v in_o value_n so_o that_o it_o can_v be_v intend_v of_o a_o feign_a and_o pretence_a recompense_n i_o will_v fain_o know_v of_o any_o man_n whether_o ever_o he_o hear_v of_o any_o action_n bring_v upon_o such_o recovery_n in_o value_n as_o recovery_n be_v now_o use_v be_v they_o not_o become_v the_o common_a course_n and_o common_a way_n of_o conveyance_n for_o to_o bar_v estate_n in_o tail_n and_o to_o cut_v off_o all_o remainder_n without_o any_o possibility_n or_o expectance_n of_o recompense_n in_o value_n and_o do_v not_o the_o judge_n say_v before_o that_o it_o shall_v bind_v be_v it_o upon_o good_a title_n or_o not_o and_o though_o that_o no_o recompense_n be_v have_v so_o that_o a_o pretence_a recompense_n by_o they_o must_v carry_v away_o a_o clear_a title_n and_o defeat_v the_o stat._n and_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o donor_n so_o that_o i_o do_v conceive_v notwithstanding_o those_o book_n that_o such_o recovery_n shall_v bind_v the_o estate_n tail_n upon_o a_o pretence_n of_o a_o feign_a recompense_n be_v not_o till_o 12._o e._n 4._o taltarum_n case_n and_o the_o case_n of_o octavian_n lombard_n before_o cite_v agree_v with_o this_o difference_n between_o a_o real_a and_o a_o feign_a recompense_n for_o i_o do_v agree_v that_o a_o recovery_n upon_o good_a title_n and_o a_o real_a recompense_n will_v bar_v the_o estate_n tail_n the_o case_n of_o lombard_n that_o a_o grant_n of_o a_o rent_n by_o tenant_n in_o tail_n to_o one_o that_o claim_v a_o right_a to_o the_o land_n entail_v shall_v bar_v the_o issue_n be_v without_o question_n good_a law_n for_o this_o be_v to_o preserve_v the_o estate_n tail_n and_o this_o be_v no_o feign_a but_o a_o real_a recompense_n not_o so_o in_o our_o case_n beside_o suppose_v those_o book_n shall_v be_v intend_v as_o i_o conceive_v they_o can_v of_o a_o feign_a recompense_n can_v any_o man_n say_v that_o any_o use_n or_o custom_n be_v good_a against_o a_o stat._n have_v such_o feign_a recovery_n be_v in_o use_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o make_n of_o the_o stat._n of_o 13._o e._n 1._o which_o no_o man_n do_v or_o can_v say_v somewhat_o more_o may_v have_v be_v say_v for_o they_o but_o be_v invent_v after_o it_o can_v be_v with_o reason_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v of_o force_n to_o frustrate_v yea_o and_o nul_fw-fr upon_o the_o matter_n the_o stat._n make_v before_o and_o certain_o as_o i_o have_v say_v before_o the_o maker_n of_o that_o law_n will_v have_v provide_v against_o this_o mischief_n as_o well_o as_o fine_n have_v such_o recovery_n be_v then_o in_o be_v for_o otherwise_o vain_a and_o fruitless_a be_v that_o law_n as_o indeed_o it_o be_v at_o this_o day_n again_o by_o those_o that_o argue_v against_o common_a recovery_n in_o marie_n portingtons_n case_n it_o be_v say_v that_o such_o recovery_n be_v by_o divers_a act_n of_o parliament_n mark_v and_o brand_v with_o the_o blemish_n of_o fiction_n and_o falsity_n as_o in_o the_o stat._n of_o 34._o h._n 8._o cap._n 20._o they_o be_v style_v feign_v and_o untrue_a recovery_n and_o so_o in_o the_o stat._n of_o 11._o h._n 7._o cap._n 20._o 32._o h._n 8._o cap._n 31._o and_o 14._o el._n cap._n 8._o they_o be_v name_v covinous_a and_o have_v by_o collusion_n and_o therefore_o it_o stand_v with_o law_n and_o reason_n to_o provide_v for_o the_o preservation_n of_o reversion_n and_o remainder_n against_o such_o feign_a and_o false_a and_o covinous_a recovery_n to_o this_o objection_n and_o these_o stat._n this_o answer_n be_v give_v and_o first_o it_o be_v say_v that_o common_a recovery_n be_v one_o of_o the_o main_a pillar_n which_o support_v the_o estate_n and_o inheritance_n in_o the_o state_n that_o be_v reader_n they_o must_v unjust_o because_o contrary_a to_o the_o stat._n and_o the_o form_n of_o the_o gift_n take_v away_o one_o man_n inheritance_n and_o establish_v or_o settle_v it_o in_o another_o and_o this_o be_v call_v one_o of_o the_o main_a pillar_n of_o inheritance_n but_o to_o the_o statute_n for_o that_o of_o 34._o h._n 8._o it_o be_v of_o gift_n in_o tail_n by_o the_o king_n to_o his_o servant_n and_o subject_n for_o to_o encourage_v other_o and_o their_o issue_n and_o therefore_o recovery_n suffer_v by_o such_o tenant_n in_o tail_n be_v well_o tax_v by_o parliament_n to_o be_v feign_v and_o untrue_a because_o they_o
be_v allow_v till_o the_o contrary_a be_v preve_v but_o no_o long_o and_o certain_o if_o ever_o there_o be_v a_o unreasonable_a exception_n to_o any_o rule_n this_o may_v pass_v for_o one_o my_o lord_n cook_n say_v that_o it_o have_v be_v attempt_v in_o parliament_n that_o a_o statute_n may_v be_v make_v that_o no_o man_n shall_v be_v bar_v by_o a_o collateral_a warranty_n but_o where_o asset_n descend_v from_o the_o same_o ancestor_n but_o it_o never_o take_v effect_n because_o say_v he_o that_o it_o will_v weaken_v common_a assurance_n rot._n parliament_n 50._o e._n 3._o num._n 77._o this_o be_v a_o reason_n urge_v in_o defence_n of_o common_a recovery_n likewise_o the_o english_a of_o it_o be_v but_o this_o i_o may_v bar_v another_o man_n of_o his_o just_a and_o lawful_a right_n to_o fortify_v a_o wrongful_a title_n otherwise_o it_o will_v weaken_v common_a assurance_n i_o know_v no_o reason_n but_o man_n right_n shall_v be_v as_o much_o favour_v as_o common_a assurance_n a_o heir_n as_o much_o as_o a_o purchasor_n to_o conclude_v i_o wish_v a_o second_o attempt_n be_v make_v in_o this_o present_a parliament_n against_o these_o collateral_a warranty_n and_o then_o i_o shall_v not_o despair_v of_o redress_n of_o so_o unreasonable_a a_o law_n the_o next_o thing_n i_o be_o to_o treat_v of_o be_v plead_n and_o therein_o i_o shall_v propound_v this_o question_n whether_o it_o be_v consonant_a to_o reason_n or_o conscience_n that_o any_o man_n plea_n shall_v be_v adjudge_v nought_o and_o avoid_v at_o any_o time_n for_o any_o matter_n of_o form_n false_a latin_a double_a plea_n departure_n or_o any_o other_o defect_n whatsoever_o the_o case_n and_o matter_n itself_o sufficient_o appear_v upon_o the_o record_n for_o which_o the_o action_n be_v bring_v first_o that_o i_o may_v clear_v the_o question_n of_o some_o thing_n doubtful_a in_o it_o i_o have_v add_v to_o it_o at_o any_o time_n because_o in_o some_o case_n and_o sometime_o such_o defective_a plea_n be_v already_o 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the_o former_a nor_o yet_o with_o my_o lord_n cook_n rule_n of_o plead_v in_o his_o institute_n in_o which_o he_o be_v very_o large_a i_o go_v not_o about_o to_o teach_v or_o inform_v you_o of_o the_o form_n and_o subtlety_n of_o our_o plea_n though_o they_o be_v worth_a the_o know_v yea_o and_o observe_v too_o so_o that_o the_o client_n may_v not_o be_v prejudice_v for_o want_n or_o defect_n of_o such_o form_n for_o the_o double_a plea_n i_o can_v understand_v any_o just_a reason_n why_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v allow_v that_o reason_n which_o the_o law_n give_v be_v that_o the_o court_n and_o jury_n may_v be_v invegle_v by_o such_o plea_n i_o have_v inquire_v exact_o into_o this_o reason_n but_o can_v find_v how_o or_o which_o way_n and_o i_o do_v profess_v myself_o one_o of_o my_o lord_n cook_n non-intelligent_n too_o for_o he_o say_v the_o law_n in_o this_o point_n be_v by_o they_o that_o understand_v not_o the_o reason_n thereof_o mislike_v and_o i_o do_v acknowledge_v myself_o 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feoffment_n because_o i_o will_v have_v man_n in_o love_n with_o it_o and_o certain_a i_o be_o it_o will_v be_v best_a for_o all_o man_n except_o lawyer_n who_o i_o hope_v will_v be_v content_v to_o abate_v something_o of_o their_o profit_n to_o serve_v the_o common_a interest_n best_o in_o point_n of_o security_n and_o in_o profit_n only_o add_v this_o to_o it_o that_o a_o law_n be_v make_v that_o it_o shall_v be_v a_o bar_n as_o a_o fine_a with_o proclamation_n if_o it_o be_v enrol_v and_o five_o year_n pass_v with_o non-claim_v after_o the_o enrolment_a and_o then_o it_o will_v be_v a_o great_a ease_n and_o advantage_n to_o the_o public_a but_o if_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v think_v fit_a to_o alter_v the_o law_n in_o point_n of_o conveyence_v as_o it_o be_v now_o settle_a why_o then_o i_o shall_v humble_o beg_v this_o one_o boon_n of_o the_o parliament_n in_o behalf_n of_o the_o public_a and_o that_o be_v that_o they_o will_v be_v please_v to_o make_v a_o law_n that_o no_o scrivener_n or_o other_o person_n whatsoever_o other_o than_o lawyer_n shall_v for_o the_o future_a make_v or_o draw_v any_o conveyance_n or_o assurance_n in_o law_n whatsoever_o which_o shall_v after_o happen_v to_o be_v seal_v and_o deliver_v without_o the_o advice_n of_o counsel_n thereupon_o have_v either_o before_o or_o after_o the_o assurance_n draw_v and_o make_v under_o a_o good_a pain_n or_o penalty_n if_o they_o shall_v do_v the_o contrary_a and_o this_o will_v be_v a_o mean_n to_o prevent_v many_o contentious_a suit_n which_o daily_o arise_v upon_o scruple_n and_o question_n out_o of_o such_o conveyance_n draw_v according_a to_o their_o formal_a ignorance_n the_o next_o thing_n i_o shall_v dispute_v be_v the_o law_n of_o bastardy_n wherein_o i_o shall_v set_v down_o this_o short_a doubt_n whether_o it_o be_v a_o just_a and_o reasonable_a law_n that_o a_o child_n bear_v before_o marriage_n and_o short_o after_o marriage_n happen_v shall_v be_v a_o bastard_n or_o not_o this_o be_v a_o case_n in_o which_o the_o common-law_n differ_v from_o the_o civil_a and_o cannon-law_n the_o common-law_n say_v that_o such_o a_o child_n be_v a_o bastard_n the_o other_o law_n that_o it_o be_v legitimate_a i_o shall_v give_v you_o the_o reason_n of_o both_o side_n and_o then_o you_o may_v judge_v which_o be_v most_o reasonable_a this_o very_a case_n be_v debate_v by_o fortescue_n cap._n 39_o the_o civilian_n say_v that_o maritagium_fw-la subsequens_fw-la tollit_fw-la peccatum_fw-la precedens_fw-la that_o be_v that_o by_o mean_n thereof_o the_o state_n of_o matrimony_n come_v in_o place_n extinguish_v the_o former_a sin_n whereby_o else_o the_o soul_n of_o two_o person_n shall_v have_v perish_v and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v presume_v say_v they_o that_o they_o be_v at_o their_o first_o copulation_n so_o mind_v as_o the_o marriage_n after_o declare_v the_o canonist_n also_o say_v that_o matrimonium_fw-la subsequens_fw-la legitimos_fw-la facit_fw-la quod_fw-la sacerdotium_fw-la say_v we_o the_o sin_n by_o the_o inter-marriage_n be_v somewhat_o abate_v not_o purge_v or_o take_v away_o and_o beside_o this_o will_v be_v a_o great_a increase_n of_o that_o sin_n and_o a_o encouragement_n to_o it_o if_o such_o child_n shall_v be_v legitimate_a and_o the_o party_n will_v be_v less_o penitent_a because_o so_o favour_v and_o fortescue_n be_v much_o for_o our_o law_n in_o this_o point_n put_v this_o case_n say_v he_o if_o a_o woman_n shall_v have_v two_o child_n of_o two_o fornicator_n and_o the_o one_o marry_v she_o whether_o of_o these_o two_o child_n shall_v be_v by_o this_o marriage_n legitimate_a for_o my_o part_n i_o do_v conceive_v under_o correction_n of_o better_a judgement_n that_o the_o cannon_n and_o civil_a law_n be_v most_o reasonable_a in_o this_o point_n though_o i_o do_v not_o conceive_v that_o the_o sin_n be_v purge_v or_o take_v away_o by_o the_o inter-marriage_n for_o that_o can_v be_v otherwise_o than_o by_o true_a repentance_n for_o the_o sin_n commit_v for_o which_o this_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v a_o great_a sign_n otherwise_o i_o doubt_v whether_o they_o will_v have_v marry_v or_o no_o and_o i_o do_v conceive_v it_o ought_v to_o be_v intend_v that_o they_o resolve_v upon_o marriage_n before_o or_o otherwise_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v presume_v that_o they_o will_v have_v marry_v after_o man_n usual_o hate_v those_o woman_n they_o have_v carnal_o know_v be_v prick_v in_o conscience_n for_o the_o sin_n commit_v and_o therefore_o not_o likely_a to_o marry_v such_o unless_o there_o be_v some_o former_a tie_n or_o obligation_n upon_o they_o which_o mitigate_v the_o offence_n and_o make_v they_o perform_v their_o engagement_n and_o if_o it_o be_v not_o so_o who_o in_o such_o case_n will_v so_o marry_v know_v his_o issue_n to_o be_v bastard_n by_o the_o common_a law_n to_o that_o that_o be_v say_v that_o it_o will_v be_v a_o increase_n and_o encouragement_n to_o commit_v that_o sin_n if_o the_o law_n shall_v be_v so_o take_v that_o the_o issue_n shall_v in_o such_o case_n be_v legitimate_a to_o this_o i_o answer_v that_o i_o rather_o conceive_v the_o contrary_a that_o it_o will_v very_o much_o lessen_v and_o abate_v the_o commit_n of_o that_o sin_n for_o it_o will_v make_v they_o the_o rather_o eschew_v it_o and_o take_v up_o resolution_n of_o marriage_n for_o as_o i_o have_v say_v man_n seldom_o marry_v that_o woman_n they_o have_v carnal_o know_v especial_o have_v issue_n before_o hand_n be_v the_o more_o frighten_v from_o it_o by_o this_o hard_a law_n of_o bastardy_n for_o that_o objection_n that_o if_o such_o issue_n shall_v be_v legitimate_a the_o party_n will_v be_v less_o penitent_a because_o so_o favour_v to_o that_o i_o answer_v that_o certain_o it_o will_v make_v they_o much_o more_o penitent_a when_o they_o shall_v live_v together_o in_o the_o state_n of_o matrimony_n and_o put_v they_o more_o in_o mind_n of_o their_o former_a offence_n which_o certain_o they_o will_v less_o think_v of_o be_v they_o divide_v and_o i_o think_v a_o great_a sign_n of_o penitence_n can_v be_v than_o the_o subsequent_a matrimony_n beside_o by_o legitimate_v of_o such_o issue_n this_o great_a convenience_n will_v follow_v that_o it_o will_v much_o abate_v and_o take_v off_o the_o scandal_n and_o reproach_n of_o the_o world_n and_o encourage_v man_n in_o such_o case_n to_o matrimony_n whereas_o otherwise_o they_o usual_o add_v sin_n to_o sin_n one_o bastard_n beget_v more_o so_o that_o once_o have_v under-go_v the_o reproach_n and_o shame_n they_o never_o consider_v the_o sin_n but_o be_v more_o harden_v in_o it_o for_o the_o case_n put_v by_o fortescue_n of_o two_o fornicator_n have_v get_v several_a child_n by_o one_o woman_n and_o the_o one_o after_o marry_v she_o which_o shall_v be_v legitimate_a this_o i_o conceive_v may_v receive_v a_o very_a short_a answer_n for_o if_o the_o party_n that_o get_v the_o child_n be_v know_v we_o may_v easy_o judge_v which_o shall_v be_v legitimate_a my_o lord_n cook_n upon_o litt._n say_v fol._n 244._o that_o if_o the_o issue_n be_v bear_v within_o a_o month_n or_o a_o day_n after_o marriage_n between_o party_n of_o full_a lawful_a age_n the_o child_n be_v legitimate_a by_o which_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o if_o it_o be_v bear_v so_o short_a a_o time_n after_o marriage_n that_o it_o be_v legitimate_a for_o certain_o the_o same_o reason_n for_o both_o now_o i_o say_v this_o that_o if_o we_o may_v go_v so_o near_o bastardy_n and_o yet_o be_v legitimate_a i_o know_v no_o reason_n that_o come_v so_o near_o legitimation_n it_o shall_v be_v a_o bastard_n and_o this_o in_o favour_n of_o legitimation_n but_o beside_o the_o sin_n be_v equal_a and_o therefore_o i_o know_v no_o reason_n but_o the_o punishment_n shall_v be_v so_o too_o a_o day_n do_v not_o aggravate_v the_o sin_n why_o then_o shall_v a_o day_n bastardise_v the_o issue_n cook_n upon_o littleton_n fol._n 245._o matrimonium_fw-la subsequens_fw-la legitimos_fw-la facit_fw-la quòad_fw-la sacerdotium_fw-la non_fw-la quoad_fw-la successionem_fw-la propter_fw-la consueâ—udinem_fw-la regni_fw-la quod_fw-la se_fw-la habet_fw-la in_fw-la contrarium_fw-la and_o therefore_o at_o a_o parliament_n hold_v 20._o h._n 3._o for_o that_o to_o certify_v upon_o the_o king_n writ_n that_o the_o son_n bear_v before_o marriage_n be_v a_o bastard_n be_v contra_fw-la commanem_fw-la formam_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la rogaverunt_fw-la omnes_fw-la episcopi_fw-la magnates_fw-la ut_fw-la consentirent_fw-la quod_fw-la nati_fw-la ante_fw-la matrimonium_fw-la essent_fw-la legitimi_fw-la sicut_fw-la illi_fw-la qui_fw-la nati_fw-la sunt_fw-la post_fw-la matrimonium_fw-la quoad_fw-la successionem_fw-la haereditariam_fw-la quia_fw-la ecclesia_fw-la tale_fw-la habet_fw-la prolegitima_fw-la et_fw-la omnes_fw-la comites_fw-la and_o barones_fw-la una_fw-la voce_fw-la responderant_fw-la quod_fw-la nolune_fw-la leges_fw-la angliae_fw-la mutare_fw-la quae_fw-la haec_fw-la usque_fw-la usitatâ—e_fw-la sunt_fw-la et_fw-la approbatae_fw-la and_o i_o do_v confess_v that_o the_o
civil_a law_n if_o we_o may_v believe_v fortescue_n be_v more_o agreeable_a to_o the_o word_n of_o god_n for_o he_o say_v cap._n 49._o that_o the_o civil_a law_n do_v judge_v open_a theft_n to_o be_v satisfy_v by_o the_o recompense_n of_o four_o fold_n and_o private_a theft_n by_o the_o recompense_n of_o double_a so_o not_o to_o suffer_v death_n by_o their_o law_n i_o do_v not_o write_v this_o to_o encourage_v man_n in_o this_o heinous_a crime_n which_o be_v too_o too_o common_a in_o these_o time_n no_o far_o be_v it_o from_o i_o so_o to_o do_v for_o i_o know_v if_o there_o be_v not_o a_o severe_a law_n against_o it_o there_o will_v be_v no_o enjoy_v any_o thing_n that_o a_o man_n have_v the_o law_n of_o property_n will_v be_v of_o little_a force_n but_o that_o there_o may_v be_v some_o other_o way_n of_o punishment_n as_o by_o banishment_n slavery_n or_o the_o like_a which_o may_v be_v as_o effectual_a to_o terrify_v man_n and_o keep_v they_o from_o it_o so_o that_o we_o do_v not_o take_v away_o the_o life_n of_o man_n over_o which_o there_o be_v no_o jurisdiction_n give_v in_o such_o case_n by_o god_n we_o have_v no_o precept_n rule_n or_o warrant_v for_o it_o and_o now_o to_o i_o the_o forfeiture_n and_o penalty_n in_o such_o case_n be_v no_o less_o unreasonable_a be_v it_o not_o too_o much_o to_o lose_v the_o life_n and_o yet_o will_v not_o that_o satisfy_v but_o thereby_o also_o his_o blood_n be_v corrupt_v and_o all_o his_o estate_n forfeit_v so_o that_o his_o issue_n be_v not_o inheritable_a to_o he_o nor_o to_o any_o other_o ancestor_n nor_o can_v this_o corruption_n of_o blood_n it_o be_v so_o high_a be_v restore_v otherwise_o than_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o if_o he_o be_v noble_a or_o gentle_a before_o he_o and_o all_o his_o child_n and_o posterity_n be_v by_o this_o make_v base_a and_o ignoble_a in_o respect_n of_o any_o nobility_n or_o gentry_n which_o they_o have_v by_o their_o birth_n for_o my_o part_n i_o think_v there_o can_v be_v a_o more_o rigid_a and_o tyrannical_a law_n in_o the_o world_n that_o the_o child_n shall_v thus_o extreme_o suffer_v for_o the_o crime_n and_o wickedness_n of_o the_o father_n the_o innocent_a for_o the_o nocent_a it_o be_v true_a that_o as_o the_o apostle_n say_v rom._n 5._o that_o by_o one_o man_n sin_n enter_v into_o the_o world_n and_o death_n by_o sin_n but_o he_o go_v further_a and_o so_o death_n go_v over_o all_o man_n in_o who_o all_o man_n have_v sin_v we_o all_o sin_v in_o adam_n therefore_o no_o wonder_n if_o death_n fall_v upon_o all_o god_n have_v the_o supreme_a sovereign_a power_n over_o all_o his_o creature_n and_o so_o may_v inflict_v what_o punishment_n he_o please_v upon_o they_o for_o their_o sin_n and_o who_o dare_v question_v it_o or_o say_v it_o be_v unjust_a and_o yet_o god_n deal_v not_o thus_o severe_o with_o man_n for_o in_o the_o 18._o of_o ezek._n he_o reprove_v the_o israelite_n for_o use_v this_o proverb_n the_o father_n have_v eat_v sour_a grape_n and_o the_o child_n tooth_n be_v set_v on_o edge_n and_o say_v they_o shall_v use_v it_o no_o more_o for_o that_o soul_n that_o sin_v it_o shall_v die_v and_o after_o verse_n the_o 20._o the_o same_o soul_n that_o sin_v shall_v die_v the_o son_n shall_v not_o bear_v the_o iniquity_n of_o the_o father_n etc._n etc._n thus_o you_o may_v see_v the_o great_a mercy_n of_o god_n who_o great_a severity_n be_v but_o justice_n do_v not_o this_o extreme_o condemn_v the_o injustice_n of_o that_o law_n which_o so_o severe_o punish_v the_o child_n for_o the_o transgression_n of_o the_o father_n a_o wicked_a father_n may_v have_v a_o good_a child_n and_o shall_v such_o a_o one_o be_v ruin_v through_o the_o wickedness_n of_o the_o father_n his_o estate_n whole_o lose_v and_o not_o only_o disinherit_v through_o his_o corruption_n of_o blood_n as_o to_o his_o father_n estate_n but_o also_o make_v incapable_a of_o take_v any_o thing_n by_o descent_n from_o any_o other_o ancestor_n a_o more_o rigorous_a law_n certain_o be_v never_o make_v but_o i_o know_v it_o will_v be_v say_v that_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o severity_n of_o this_o law_n be_v the_o more_o to_o deter_v and_o affrighten_v man_n from_o this_o sin_n which_o be_v so_o frequent_a among_o we_o ut_fw-la metus_fw-la ad_fw-la â—mnes_fw-la paena_fw-la ad_fw-la paucos_fw-la etc._n etc._n to_o this_o i_o answer_v that_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a nor_o warrantable_a for_o man_n to_o make_v unjust_a and_o tyrannical_a law_n to_o keep_v man_n from_o sin_v and_o to_o put_v they_o in_o execution_n punish_v the_o offend_a father_n but_o not_o the_o innocent_a child_n the_o custom_n of_o gavel-kind_n be_v more_o reasonable_a for_o though_o the_o father_n be_v hang_v the_o son_n shall_v inherit_v for_o the_o custom_n be_v the_o father_n to_o the_o bough_n the_o son_n to_o the_o plough_n i_o shall_v conclude_v it_o with_o this_o that_o i_o hope_v one_o day_n to_o see_v this_o custom_n become_v the_o common-law_n of_o england_n the_o next_o thing_n i_o have_v in_o consideration_n be_v touch_v the_o debt_n of_o infant_n under_o the_o age_n of_o 21_o year_n and_o therein_o i_o propose_v this_o question_n whether_o it_o be_v a_o just_a and_o reasonable_a law_n that_o infant_n under_o the_o age_n of_o 21_o year_n shall_v not_o be_v charge_v with_o their_o debt_n first_o we_o be_v to_o know_v what_o the_o age_n of_o discretion_n be_v for_o man_n or_o woman_n what_o full_a age_n the_o age_n of_o discretion_n for_o a_o woman_n in_o judgement_n of_o our_o law_n be_v 12._o for_o a_o man_n 14._o full_a age_n be_v 21._o and_o under_o that_o age_n they_o be_v say_v to_o be_v infant_n in_o law_n and_o under_o that_o age_n they_o have_v not_o power_n to_o dispose_v of_o their_o estate_n not_o be_v they_o liable_a to_o pay_v their_o own_o debt_n it_o be_v true_a that_o for_o necessary_n as_o clothes_n diet_n school_a and_o the_o like_a they_o be_v liable_a but_o for_o those_o neither_o they_o can_v give_v a_o penal_a bond_n a_o bill_n they_o may_v and_o it_o shall_v bind_v they_o in_o general_a a_o infant_n may_v better_v his_o condition_n he_o can_v not_o make_v it_o worse_o this_o i_o confess_v to_o be_v law_n yet_o it_o seem_v very_o hard_a to_o i_o that_o a_o infant_n shall_v not_o be_v liable_a to_o pay_v such_o debt_n as_o he_o shall_v owe_v for_o any_o thing_n have_v or_o receive_v after_o the_o age_n of_o discretion_n especial_o when_o i_o consider_v what_o the_o law_n be_v in_o other_o case_n of_o infancy_n by_o custom_n he_o may_v make_v a_o lease_n at_o his_o age_n of_o 15._o and_o it_o shall_v bind_v he_o cook_n upon_o littleton_n fol._n 45._o b._n nay_o further_o by_o custom_n he_o may_v make_v a_o feoffment_n at_o 15._o year_n 5._o h._n 7._o 41._o 11._o h._n 4._o 33._o now_o no_o custom_n be_v lawful_a that_o be_v not_o reasonable_a and_o yet_o further_o a_o infant_n of_o the_o age_n of_o discretion_n nay_o under_o may_v suffer_v death_n for_o murder_n or_o theft_n nothing_o more_o common_a 3._o h._n 7._o 12._o a_o infant_n betwixt_o 10._o and_o 12._o give_v a_o man_n several_a wound_n till_o he_o die_v and_o then_o he_o draw_v the_o body_n into_o the_o corn_n for_o which_o he_o be_v convict_v but_o it_o be_v true_a that_o judgement_n in_o that_o case_n be_v respite_v for_o his_o tender_a age_n but_o many_o justice_n that_o he_o be_v worthy_a of_o death_n note_n a_o infant_n of_o 9_o year_n kill_v another_o and_o it_o be_v adjudge_v that_o he_o shall_v be_v hang_v quia_fw-la malitia_fw-la supplet_fw-la aetatem_fw-la but_o execution_n be_v respite_v to_o have_v pardon_n see_v the_o assize_n a_o woman_n infant_n within_o age_n kill_v her_o mistress_n and_o be_v burn_v for_o it_o see_v likewise_o the_o assize_n again_o a_o infant_n shall_v not_o avoid_v a_o marriage_n at_o the_o age_n of_o discretion_n make_v and_o contract_v by_o he_o cook_n upon_o litt._n fol._n 79._o now_o i_o argue_v thus_o if_o a_o infant_n may_v do_v the_o great_a why_o be_v it_o not_o reason_n that_o he_o shall_v do_v the_o less_o if_o he_o may_v be_v chargeable_a for_o thing_n of_o a_o much_o high_a nature_n why_o not_o for_o those_o that_o be_v of_o a_o low_a by_o custom_n he_o may_v sell_v his_o estate_n by_o law_n he_o may_v suffer_v death_n for_o felony_n and_o may_v contract_v matrimony_n thing_n of_o much_o great_a consequence_n to_o himself_o why_o then_o in_o reason_n shall_v he_o not_o be_v liable_a to_o the_o payment_n of_o his_o debt_n my_o lord_n gook_z say_v that_o argumentum_fw-la a_fw-la majori_fw-la ad_fw-la minus_fw-la a_o argument_n from_o the_o great_a to_o the_o less_o be_v a_o good_a argument_n in_o law_n beside_o he_o be_v as_o much_o oblige_v in_o
in_o our_o law_n where_o one_o be_v slay_v casual_o and_o by_o misadventure_n without_o the_o will_n of_o he_o that_o do_v the_o act_n he_o shall_v not_o die_v for_o it_o but_o instead_o of_o the_o city_n of_o refuge_n aforesaid_a that_o he_o may_v not_o go_v altogether_o unpunished_a who_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o another_o death_n he_o forfeit_v all_o his_o good_n and_o chattel_n for_o it_o it_o be_v plain_a and_o evident_a therefore_o by_o the_o word_n of_o god_n that_o he_o that_o wilful_o kill_v another_o shall_v suffer_v death_n for_o it_o whether_o it_o be_v in_o hot_a or_o cool_a blood_n it_o differ_v not_o how_o then_o can_v that_o law_n be_v just_a be_v it_o upon_o what_o politic_a principle_n soever_o that_o save_v the_o life_n of_o such_o a_o offender_n other_o satisfaction_n can_v be_v none_o and_o if_o god_n require_v that_o how_o dare_v we_o do_v the_o contrary_a he_o that_o kill_v a_o man_n in_o heat_n of_o blood_n deserve_v to_o be_v hang_v when_o it_o be_v cool_a and_o it_o be_v a_o sad_a and_o doleful_a thing_n to_o consider_v how_o many_o thousand_o of_o life_n this_o law_n have_v take_v away_o by_o encourage_v other_o to_o commit_v the_o same_o offence_n consider_v their_o life_n be_v not_o in_o danger_n i_o shall_v conclude_v it_o with_o that_o in_o the_o numb._n cap._n 35._o vers._n 33._o blood_n defile_v the_o land_n and_o the_o land_n can_v be_v cleanse_v of_o the_o blood_n that_o be_v shed_v therein_o but_o by_o the_o blood_n of_o he_o that_o shed_v it_o the_o next_o thing_n that_o come_v in_o consideration_n be_v concerning_o counsel_n in_o treason_n or_o felony_n and_o in_o that_o i_o shall_v propound_v this_o short_a question_n whether_o it_o be_v a_o reasonable_a law_n that_o a_o man_n shall_v not_o have_v counsel_n upon_o a_o indictment_n of_o treason_n or_o felony_n that_o the_o law_n be_v such_o it_o be_v admit_v and_o without_o dispute_n and_o the_o reason_n that_o be_v give_v for_o it_o be_v that_o the_o indictment_n be_v heretofore_o at_o the_o suit_n of_o the_o king_n the_o king_n intend_v nothing_o but_o justice_n with_o favour_n and_o therefore_o he_o will_v be_v content_v that_o the_o justice_n shall_v help_v forth_o the_o party_n as_o far_o as_o reason_n and_o justice_n may_v suffer_v and_o that_o in_o all_o thing_n that_o pertain_v to_o the_o form_n of_o plead_v the_o judge_n shall_v so_o instruct_v the_o party_n that_o they_o incur_v no_o damage_n thereby_o this_o reason_n at_o the_o first_o aspect_n seem_v very_o plausible_a but_o better_o dive_v into_o i_o doubt_v it_o will_v not_o appear_v so_o do_v not_o we_o know_v that_o though_o the_o judge_n be_v swear_v to_o do_v right_a between_o the_o king_n and_o his_o people_n that_o yet_o they_o be_v the_o more_o immediate_a counsel_n of_o the_o king_n and_o though_o a_o poor_a man_n may_v happy_o find_v justice_n as_o have_v nothing_o but_o a_o life_n to_o lose_v i_o doubt_v it_o do_v not_o always_o fare_v so_o with_o the_o rich_a and_o therefore_o heretofore_o when_o any_o gentleman_n have_v commit_v any_o crime_n for_o which_o his_o life_n be_v in_o danger_n it_o be_v usual_a to_o inquire_v in_o the_o first_o place_n what_o estate_n he_o have_v and_o if_o it_o be_v answer_v a_o good_a estate_n it_o be_v thereupon_o reply_v that_o be_v enough_o to_o hang_v he_o then_o he_o have_v no_o soon_o commit_v the_o offence_n but_o his_o estate_n be_v beg_v of_o the_o king_n by_o some_o great_a courtier_n and_o what_o relation_n there_o be_v then_o between_o the_o judge_n and_o the_o court_n we_o very_o well_o know_v but_o to_o say_v no_o more_o but_o this_o suppose_v it_o shall_v so_o fall_v out_o that_o the_o judge_n be_v a_o weak_a ignorant_a man_n himself_o before_o who_o the_o trial_n be_v as_o we_o have_v not_o be_v want_v of_o the_o like_a experience_n in_o our_o age_n who_o then_o shall_v advise_v the_o prisoner_n be_v not_o this_o then_o a_o case_n of_o great_a extremity_n and_o injustice_n to_o conclude_v in_o the_o most_o petty_a ordinary_a and_o inconsiderable_a action_n that_o be_v the_o law_n allow_v a_o man_n counsel_n why_o then_o shall_v it_o be_v deny_v he_o in_o a_o case_n of_o the_o high_a concernment_n to_o he_o that_o can_v be_v his_o life_n if_o he_o shall_v have_v counsel_n in_o lesser_a thing_n why_o not_o in_o great_a where_o there_o be_v most_o need_n of_o it_o we_o say_v that_o life_n be_v one_o of_o the_o law_n favourite_n but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o deal_v withal_o in_o this_o case_n but_o now_o the_o court_n be_v go_v i_o hope_v this_o law_n will_v in_o time_n be_v alter_v the_o next_o thing_n to_o be_v consider_v be_v action_n for_o slanderous_a word_n in_o which_o i_o make_v this_o question_n whether_o action_n for_o slanderous_a word_n be_v mere_a contentious_a suit_n aught_o in_o reason_n or_o conscience_n to_o be_v so_o much_o countenance_v as_o they_o be_v never_o do_v these_o action_n more_o abound_v to_o the_o great_a and_o intolerable_a vexation_n of_o the_o people_n than_o they_o do_v now_o and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v wish_v and_o certain_o never_o in_o a_o better_a time_n than_o now_o that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o be_v suppress_v that_o word_n only_o of_o brangle_n heat_n and_o choler_n may_v not_o be_v so_o much_o as_o mention_v in_o those_o high_a and_o honourable_a court_n of_o justice_n for_o i_o profess_v for_o my_o part_n i_o judge_v of_o they_o as_o a_o great_a dishonour_n to_o the_o law_n and_o the_o professor_n thereof_o especial_o when_o i_o consider_v that_o they_o be_v use_v only_o to_o promote_v the_o malice_n and_o vent_v the_o spleen_n of_o private_a jar_n and_o discontent_n among_o man_n yet_o i_o do_v not_o condemn_v all_o action_n for_o word_n neither_o for_o it_o be_v just_a and_o equal_a that_o where_o a_o man_n life_n livelihood_n or_o reputation_n which_o be_v dear_a and_o near_o to_o he_o than_o the_o former_a be_v much_o prejudice_v and_o endanger_v by_o such_o scandal_n that_o in_o such_o case_n the_o offender_n shall_v be_v enforce_v by_o action_n to_o make_v compensation_n but_o that_o a_o man_n shall_v flee_v to_o the_o law_n out_o of_o malice_n and_o make_v the_o court_n of_o justice_n maintainer_n of_o every_o small_a and_o vain_a brabble_n this_o seem_v to_o i_o utter_o unlawful_a and_o intolerable_a among_o christian_n i_o can_v but_o take_v notice_n of_o that_o which_o wray_n chief_a justice_n say_v in_o cook_n 4._o book_n that_o though_o slander_n and_o false_a imputation_n be_v to_o be_v repress_v because_o that_o oftentimes_o à _fw-la verbis_fw-la ad_fw-la verbera_fw-la perventum_fw-la est_fw-la man_n fall_v from_o word_n to_o blow_n yet_o he_o say_v that_o the_o judge_n have_v resolve_v that_o action_n for_o scandal_n shall_v not_o be_v maintain_v by_o any_o strain_a construction_n or_o argument_n nor_o any_o favour_n extend_v for_o supportation_n of_o they_o and_o he_o add_v the_o reason_n of_o it_o because_o they_o do_v abound_v more_o in_o these_o day_n than_o in_o time_n past_a and_o the_o intemperance_n and_o malice_n of_o man_n increase_v et_fw-la malitiis_fw-la hominum_fw-la est_fw-la obviandum_fw-la and_o further_o add_v that_o in_o our_o old_a book_n action_n for_o scandal_n be_v very_o rare_a and_o such_o as_o be_v bring_v be_v for_o word_n of_o eminent_a slander_n and_o of_o great_a â—â—portance_n this_o must_v needs_o be_v acknowledge_v to_o be_v a_o most_o exact_a and_o true_a observation_n for_o if_o i_o miscount_n not_o i_o find_v but_o nine_o report_v case_n for_o word_n from_o e._n 3._o time_n in_o which_o they_o begin_v to_o q._n elis._n and_o then_o they_o extreme_o multiply_v and_o so_o have_v do_v ever_o since_o to_o the_o great_a shame_n and_o dishonour_n of_o the_o law_n and_o certain_o these_o be_v very_o much_o against_o religion_n and_o peaceable_a conversation_n among_o man_n and_o how_o much_o do_v s._n paul_n in_o all_o of_o his_o epistle_n decry_v and_o labour_n to_o depress_v as_o much_o as_o possible_o may_v be_v all_o vain_a brabble_n strife_n debate_n and_o contention_n which_o tend_v to_o the_o disturbance_n of_o the_o common-peace_n and_o i_o be_o confident_a nothing_o more_o tend_v that_o way_n than_o such_o idle_a frivolous_a action_n as_o these_o be_v and_o to_o those_o that_o go_v to_o law_n for_o scandalous_a word_n except_o in_o extraâ—â—â—inarie_a case_n a_o man_n may_v just_o use_v the_o word_n of_o the_o apostle_n that_o it_o be_v so_o that_o there_o be_v not_o a_o wise_a man_n among_o they_o and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v wish_v that_o man_n will_v be_v more_o careful_a of_o the_o management_n of_o this_o little_a yet_o unruly_a member_n in_o which_o be_v seat_v either_o heaven_n or_o hell_n this_o be_v that_o which_o often_o prove_v the_o great_a good_a or_o the_o great_a evil_n
to_o most_o man_n which_o cause_n dissension_n among_o man_n in_o family_n kingdom_n and_o commonwealth_n wherefore_o i_o can_v wish_v that_o every_o man_n will_v take_v up_o the_o say_n of_o the_o prophet_n david_n and_o careful_o observe_v it_o i_o will_v take_v heed_n to_o my_o way_n that_o i_o offend_v not_o with_o my_o tongue_n i_o will_v keep_v my_o mouth_n as_o with_o a_o bridle_n but_o now_o i_o beseech_v you_o give_v i_o leave_v and_o i_o shall_v in_o a_o word_n inform_v you_o how_o these_o frivolous_a contentious_a action_n may_v be_v very_o much_o abate_v if_o not_o whole_o take_v away_o let_v no_o word_n be_v actionable_a which_o do_v appear_v to_o have_v be_v speak_v in_o choler_n and_o passion_n or_o if_o actionable_a yet_o let_v the_o plaintiff_n recover_v no_o more_o in_o damage_n than_o he_o can_v upon_o oath_n make_v appear_v that_o he_o be_v real_o and_o actual_o damnify_v by_o the_o speak_n of_o they_o and_o if_o this_o be_v provide_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n these_o action_n will_v be_v as_o strange_a and_o as_o rare_o bring_v for_o time_n to_o come_v as_o they_o be_v in_o former_a age_n for_o nothing_o encourage_v the_o bring_n of_o they_o more_o than_o the_o intolerable_a unjust_a and_o excessive_a damage_n usual_o recover_v by_o they_o i_o shall_v conclude_v with_o this_o though_o the_o tongue_n of_o man_n be_v set_v on_o fire_n i_o know_v no_o reason_n wherefore_o the_o law_n shall_v be_v use_v as_o bellows_o to_o blow_v the_o coal_n the_o next_o thing_n that_o i_o be_o to_o consider_v be_v concerning_o action_n that_o die_v with_o the_o person_n and_o therein_o the_o question_n be_v in_o short_a but_o this_o whether_o it_o be_v a_o reasonable_a law_n that_o action_n shall_v die_v with_o the_o person_n the_o rule_n be_v actio_fw-la moritur_fw-la cum_fw-la persona_fw-la now_o what_o those_o action_n be_v that_o shall_v die_v with_o the_o person_n be_v the_o thing_n to_o be_v inquire_v into_o and_o first_o negative_o quicquid_fw-la oritur_fw-la ex_fw-la contractu_fw-la vel_fw-la conventione_fw-la non_fw-la moritur_fw-la cum_fw-la persona_fw-la whatsoever_o arise_v by_o way_n of_o covenant_n or_o contract_n do_v not_o die_v with_o the_o person_n affirmative_o all_o action_n that_o be_v say_v in_o law_n to_o be_v mere_o personal_a as_o trespass_n debt_n upon_o simple_a contract_n battery_n word_n debt_n upon_o a_o escape_n against_o a_o keeper_n of_o a_o prison_n etc._n etc._n and_o such_o in_o law_n die_v with_o the_o person_n and_o no_o action_n can_v be_v bring_v against_o the_o executor_n this_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v a_o very_a hard_a law_n and_o a_o failer_z of_o justice_n that_o i_o shall_v suffer_v against_o law_n and_o that_o the_o death_n of_o he_o that_o do_v the_o wrong_n there_o be_v no_o act_n or_o default_n in_o i_o shall_v take_v away_o my_o remedy_n it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o law_n in_o case_n of_o a_o bond_n covenant_n or_o the_o like_a bind_v the_o executor_n though_o he_o be_v not_o name_v and_o what_o be_v the_o reason_n because_o the_o executor_n represent_v the_o person_n of_o the_o testator_n why_o then_o upon_o the_o same_o reason_n shall_v not_o a_o personal_a tort_n of_o the_o testator_n as_o well_o bind_v the_o executor_n beside_o it_o be_v a_o rule_n in_o law_n that_o the_o act_n of_o god_n as_o it_o be_v here_o in_o case_n of_o death_n shall_v prejudice_v no_o man_n why_o then_o in_o such_o case_n shall_v it_o take_v away_o my_o action_n again_o there_o be_v another_o rule_n in_o law_n that_o lex_fw-la non_fw-la debet_fw-la deficere_fw-la conquerentibus_fw-la in_fw-la justitia_fw-la exhibenda_fw-la the_o law_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v defective_a in_o exhibit_v justice_n to_o complainant_n but_o in_o this_o case_n the_o law_n be_v defective_a in_o justice_n if_o the_o inevitable_a fate_n of_o death_n shall_v take_v away_o my_o action_n there_o be_v likewise_o another_o rule_n in_o law_n that_o lex_fw-la nulli_fw-la facit_fw-la injuriam_fw-la the_o law_n injure_v no_o man_n but_o i_o say_v in_o this_o case_n it_o injure_v i_o if_o it_o deprive_v i_o of_o my_o action_n by_o the_o death_n of_o the_o person_n in_o fine_a where_o ever_o there_o be_v a_o damage_n there_o ought_v in_o reason_n to_o be_v a_o satisfaction_n for_o it_o which_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v take_v away_o or_o otherwise_o discharge_v but_o by_o my_o act_n that_o be_o damnify_v which_o i_o submit_v to_o judgement_n the_o next_o thing_n that_o i_o shall_v debate_v be_v concerning_o pain_n fort_n and_o dure_v and_o in_o that_o propound_v this_o question_n whether_o the_o law_n or_o judgement_n of_o penance_n or_o pain_n fort_n and_o dure_v against_o a_o man_n who_o be_v indict_v of_o felony_n and_o stand_v mute_a be_v agreeable_a to_o reason_n and_o conscience_n or_o not_o this_o law_n or_o judgement_n of_o penance_n or_o pain_n fort_n and_o dure_v be_v that_o which_o we_o common_o call_v press_v to_o death_n which_o be_v use_v in_o such_o case_n where_o a_o man_n be_v indict_v of_o felony_n upon_o matter_n evident_a and_o provable_a for_o in_o case_n of_o a_o appeal_n this_o judgement_n can_v be_v give_v nor_o do_v it_o hold_v in_o case_n of_o treason_n or_o petit_fw-fr larceny_n and_o thereupon_o stand_v mute_a in_o such_o case_n say_v the_o statutâ—_n of_o westminst._n 1._o cap._n 12._o solent_fw-la mise_n en_fw-fr la_fw-fr prison_n fort_fw-fr and_o dure_v etc._n etc._n that_o be_v they_o shall_v have_v strong_a and_o hard_a imprisonment_n by_o the_o way_n i_o shall_v here_o observe_v that_o the_o word_n of_o this_o law_n do_v not_o extent_n to_o pain_n but_o only_o to_o fort_n and_o dure_v to_o hard_a and_o strong_a imprisonment_n and_o therefore_o since_o that_o law_n i_o can_v understand_v the_o ground_n or_o reason_n of_o that_o cruel_a and_o heavy_a judgement_n which_o be_v give_v in_o such_o case_n hard_a and_o strong_a imprisonment_n may_v be_v inflict_v upon_o such_o a_o offender_n according_a to_o that_o law_n without_o press_v and_o starve_v to_o death_n by_o famine_n and_o cold_a nor_o can_v i_o conceive_v those_o word_n to_o extend_v to_o death_n but_o admitr_a the_o law_n be_v such_o i_o shall_v that_o all_o may_v understand_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o law_n before_o i_o go_v any_o further_o let_v you_o know_v what_o it_o be_v to_o stand_v mute_a and_o in_o what_o case_n a_o man_n may_v be_v say_v to_o stand_v mute_a and_o what_o the_o judgement_n thereupon_o be_v my_o lord_n cook_n in_o his_o 2_o part_n of_o his_o institute_n fol._n 177._o upon_o the_o foresay_a statute_n say_v that_o a_o man_n may_v stand_v mute_o two_o manner_n of_o way_n first_o when_o he_o stand_v mute_a without_o speak_v of_o any_o thing_n and_o then_o it_o shall_v be_v inquire_v whether_o he_o stand_v mute_o of_o malice_n or_o by_o the_o act_n of_o god_n if_o it_o be_v find_v by_o the_o act_n of_o god_n then_o to_o proceed_v and_o the_o judge_n to_o make_v inquiry_n and_o to_o allow_v he_o all_o plea_n as_o if_o he_o have_v not_o stand_v mute_o and_o the_o word_n of_o malice_n be_v remarkable_a for_o it_o may_v be_v the_o prisoner_n in_o truth_n can_v speak_v and_o yet_o be_v not_o mute_o by_o the_o act_n of_o god_n he_o shall_v be_v forthwith_o put_v to_o his_o penance_n as_o if_o the_o delinquent_n cut_v out_o his_o own_o tongue_n and_o thereby_o become_v mute_a another_o kind_n of_o mute_n be_v when_o the_o prisoner_n can_v speak_v and_o perhaps_o plead_v not_o guilty_a or_o plead_v a_o plea_n in_o law_n and_o will_v not_o conclude_v to_o the_o enquest_n according_a to_o the_o foresay_a act_n or_o speak_v much_o but_o do_v not_o direct_o answer_v etc._n etc._n to_o be_v short_a when_o in_o the_o end_n he_o will_v not_o put_v himself_o upon_o the_o enquest_n that_o be_v de_fw-la bono_fw-la and_o malo_fw-la to_o be_v try_v by_o god_n and_o the_o country_n then_o the_o foresay_a act_n be_v sufficient_a warrant_n if_o the_o cause_n be_v evident_a or_o probable_a to_o put_v he_o to_o his_o penance_n but_o if_o he_o demur_v in_o law_n and_o it_o be_v adjudge_v against_o he_o he_o shall_v have_v judgement_n to_o be_v hang_v so_o if_o he_o challenge_v above_o the_o number_n of_o 36._o he_o shall_v be_v hang_v and_o not_o have_v pain_n fort_n and_o dure_v i_o shall_v not_o inquire_v what_o the_o common_a law_n be_v before_o the_o make_v the_o say_a statute_n whether_o the_o prisoner_n then_o stade_v mute_a shall_v be_v hang_v as_o some_o hold_v and_o as_o at_o this_o day_n it_o be_v in_o case_n of_o high_a treason_n and_o as_o they_o say_v in_o case_n of_o appeal_n or_o whether_o then_o in_o favour_n of_o life_n he_o shall_v neither_o have_v pain_n fort_n and_o dure_v nor_o have_v judgement_n to_o be_v hang_v but_o to_o be_v remand_v to_o prison_n until_o he_o will_v answer_v according_a