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law_n	common_a	king_n	kingdom_n	5,118	5	5.6865	4	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A02833	An aduertiseme[nt] to the subjects of Scotland of the fearfull dangers threatned to Christian states; and namely, to Great Britane, by the ambition of Spayne: with a contemplation, of the truest meanes, to oppose it. Also, diverse other treatises, touching the present estate of the kingdome of Scotland; verie necessarie to bee knowne, and considered, in this tyme: called, The first blast of the trumpet. Written by Peter Hay, of Naughton, in North-Britane.	Hay, Peter, gentleman of North-Britaine.	1627 (1627)	STC 12971; ESTC S118431	133,365	164

Kings did lose in Battels yea and frequent Battels ten or twentie or thirtie thousand Men when Scotland was not so populous What should wee then doubt nor wee bee able now to make great numbers and that is alwyse easilie tryed by Rolles of Weapon-showes if they bee diligentlie noted and so what doe wee lacke of Warre but Armour Discipline and Mayntaynance And certainlie it is strange that in this great appearance of Warres the two or three yeares by-gone no order hath bene given to bring able men vnder Discipline Wee heare and haue read that even in Spaine when the Countrey-Youthes of vulgar kinde are in-rolled for the Milice and brought to Cities for Discipline they doe looke as most vile and abject Slaues if one haue Sockes hee wanteth Shooes and manie doe want both if another haue Breaches hee wanteth the Doublet pitifull Bodies and our of countenance but when they bee exercised during two Moneths and once put into Apparell then they are seene of most haughtie Carriage and to walke as Captaines in the Streets Why then are wee not to expect the lyke of our People if lyke paines were taken and if in everie Shyre 〈◊〉 Men expert in the Souldierie were set a-worke to in-roll and bring vnder Capt●ines and Discipline those who were most fitting for the Warres no doubt but our basest Clownes should grow both to civill conversation and cowrage There hath never beene yet anie great State carelesse of the Militarie Seminaries not in times of most solemne and sworne Peace As for Allyance Leagues or Confederacio in Warres they are indeede not onelie necessarie but as I haue saide before even naturall to bee for the safetie of smaller States or Princes from the tyrannie and violence of the mightier But with-all they haue beene often-times subject to one of two great Inconveniences either to Pryde for Preferment or Prioritie of place during Warres where-thorow what dangers did ensue in that famous Confederacie for the Battell of Lepanto because of emulation betwixt Don Iohn de Austria and Vinieri the Admirall of Venice the Storie doeth beare it at length and al-be-it it pleased GOD in His mercie to favour the present action yet the rememberance of that Contestation did debrash all farther prosecution of that glorious and holie Enterpryse and vtterlie dissolue that Christian Vnion Neyther is it a new thing al-though I bring this late Example for it The Romanes in their beginnings being confederate with the Latines in a League offensiue and defensiue the Latines did challange Paritie of Governement Si societas aequa●io juris est sayeth Livius cur non omnia aequantur cur non alter ab Latinis Consul datur vbi pars vivium ibi imperij pars Tum consul Rom audi Iupiter baec scelera perigrinos Consules c. If societie bee an equalitie of things Why are not all things made equall to vs and why should not one of the two Consuls bee a Latine Where-vnto the Romanes did answere by attesting Iupiter that it was an impious demande to haue a stranger Consullover them Or againe Leagues are subject to fraudfull desertion of some of the Sociation in time of greatest Danger Wherof the World is full of daylie experience I will remember that of Lodowicke Duke of Milan who vpon malice against the Aragones of Naples did procure King Charles the eight of France pretending some Title to Naples to bring a great Armie into Italie joyned with him a Confederacie of divers of his Friends in Italie But seeing the said King to passe thorow so fortunatelie and to behaue him-selfe as a Conquerour in manie of their Townes and to enter peaceablie in Naples without that anie Teeth were showed against him as the King returned from Naples home-ward the same Duke did negoti●te a League of the greatest Potētates against him who did constrayne him to fight a Battell at Forum Novum vnder the Apennine where hee did hardlie escape with his lyfe although hee over-threwe them I haue tolde you alreadie how Philip the second of Spayne did desert Don Sebastian of Portugall and betray him by a League but of all Examples for this Purpose that is most remarkable of the Confederacie drawne by Charles of Burgundie with the whole Princes of France agaynst Lewis the eleventh where-vnto they were so bended and willing that they did call it Bellum pro Rep. A Warre vnder-gone for the Common-wealth Which Confederacie that subtill King did dissolue as Clowds dispersed with the Wind before they could grow to Raine where-vpon sayeth the Wryter of the Historie De Comines That hee holdeth one partie stronger for him-selfe who doeth command absolutelie over 10000 than are ten Confederates against him al-be-it everie of them doeth command over 6000. To come to our Purpose There are as manie Christian Princes and States true Enemies to the Spanyard as are able to devoure him in two or three Yeares if it were possible to contract amongst them a Confederacie or League of Salt that is to say which might endure without Corruption of Fraude or Emulation And therefore heere must I say that all the Actions belonging to a King are of light importance compared to this to maturelie deliberate both of his owne Forces and of the trustinesse of Confederates before hee doe enterpryze VVare Alwyse when wee take but a single view of our Associates against Spayne wee should thinke it strange why they may not stand vnited beeing al-readie conjoyned by Vi●initie of Neighbour-hood by Consanguinitie Affinitie communion of one Cause against a Common Enemie communion of one Fayth connected I say everie one of them by diverse of these Bandes our Soveraigne the King of Great Britane the French King his brother-in-Brother-in-law the King of Denmarke his Vncle the Princes of Germanie all knit to the Prince Palatine eyther in Blood in Religion or participation of one Feare of the House of Austria the Duke of Savoy who lyeth nearest to the Thunders and Threats of Spayne having a great part of his Territories circumscribed by them the Venetians who beholde his Garrisons daylie vpon their Frontiers gaping for some good oportunitie of Assault Holland and her Estates who haue beene so long protected and as it were fostered in the Bosome of the Crowne of England now who would not conjecture that this Tygers VVhelpe might bee surelie impailed amidst those mightie Hunters and that it were easie for them to bring him to his latter sweate I scorne heere to call in question what invincible Armies they might assemble by Sea and Land sufficient to robbe him of all that hee hath for it is thought that if after the taking in of Portugall England France Holland and other Confederates had then put into it amongst them all but 30000 Men with sufficient Shipping and Munition they had beene bastant to recover it and King Philip had beene forced to forbeare from the farther troubling of France or Holland And yet to treat this Point of so

our Eyes a short way even to the beginning of Charls the fift the Grandsire of this present King there wee shall see the swift march of that Ambition so farre that if they had brooked that which they gripped since then they had matched the Romanes for dilatation of Empyre in the lyke tract of tyme. The generous Romanes did not found their Empyre vpon Oppression and Spoyle nor rayse it by Artes of Tyrannie They were a just and magnanin ious People concitate by GOD to deliver the Oppressed and purge the Worlde from prowde Tyrants to introduce Communitie of Conversation amongst Countreys Common Lawes of Iustice Civill Policie and Learning for the which sayeth one of the Fathers that GOD did favour their Empyre and the growing ther●-of Donec eo tandem deventum esset sayth he ut sieret totus terrarum orbis quasi unum cultissim●m imperiirus That it came to passe that the whole Worlde was as a well manured Husbandrie or Fame of that Empyre Where by the contrarie these late Kings of Spayne haue not onelie interverted the moste laudable and vertuous Ambition begun and prosequuted manie yeeres by their Predecessours for plantation of Religion and Policie amongst the Insidels of Africke of the Levantine Indies and diverse Yles of the Mayne Occean but they haue turned vp-syde downe this Christian Ambition as fayre Lucifer did change himselfe into a Devill and haue converted the Edge there-of to the confusion of the fayrest Countreys of Europe so sufficientlie adorned with Pietie Iustice and Policie that they might haue beene called The Gemmes of the Worlde And if the Moneyes and Forces of Armes which haue beene spent to the sackage of these within an hundreth yeares gone had beene employed against Barbarians and Ignorants of GOD then the best part of Africke of the Easterne and Westerne ●dies might haue beene at this day vnder the peaceable Domini● of that King and hee by that Conquest more justlie called a Catholicke King as may bee easilie vnderstoode by the Stories extant of the prosperous and happie beginninges of his Antecessours against the Infidels of those Nations vvhich because it doeth most clearlie paint out the vglie and odious Face of his detestable and execrable Ambition I thinke it not amisse to make a short Relation there-of out of their owne Histories About some more than 800 yeares by-gone Roderico a Christian King of the Gothes in Spayne having ravished and deflored the Daughter of the Earle Iuliano his owne Subject was casten out from his Kingdome slayne by Tariffio a Barbarian king brought from Africke by meanes of the sayde Iuliano for just revenge of the ignominie done to him Those Barbarians did possesse the whole Countrey few Cities excepted of Spayne with the vtter exterminion of the Gothicke Empyre and were begun to spreade them-selues over the Perenees when Pelagius sonne of the Duke of Biscaglia of vvhome is descended this present King of Spayne by succession not yet interrupted having a Sister of rare beautie in lyke sort violented and raped by a Cosin of this Barbarian King and beeing a great spirit full of Valour and Pietie both hee did plot some Stratagems for the revenge of this injurie where-in his cowrage and good fortune were so conspicuous that the Gothes now oppressed by the Barbarian servitude did comfort him to publicke Armes for restitution of their Christian Libertie where-in hee made so good progresse that they did elect and erect him to their Kingdome The Ravishment of the Daughter of Iuliano was the introduction of the Moores in Spayne and the dejection of the Gothicke Dominion The Rape of the Sister of Pelagius did procure the restitution of the same and the ejection of that Barbarian King There is not certainlie a Vyce which hath procured greater ruine to mightie Princes than this of raging and voluptuous Lust. Tyrannie hath throwne out manie from their Crownes but moe yet haue beene cast out by Immunditie Be-lyke as beeing a g●osse lo●rde and sensuall Vice the LORD doth more punish it i● Princes than private men who are set vp aboue their People to spreade abroad the Rayes of their exemplarie Pietie and Vertue This Pelagius did spende the rest of his dayes against those Infidels whom hee swept out of diverse corners of that Countrey although they were so numerous at that tyme that there were found of them in one Battell in Aquitane 400000 which made the VVorld adore in a sort his Name because hee was the first Prince who with extraordinarie zeale did enterpryse holie and heroicke VVarres against those impious Barbarians who were begun to treade over all Christian People Vertuous beginnings if with length of tyme they grow to large extent of Prosperitie they are much honoured by after-comming Ages and great reason for why the Tree how tall soever it bee in the Fielde yet it was once all in the Seede This is the just Rewarde of Vertue past and the chiefe Spurre of that which is to come This Pelagius is most renowned in the Histories Buchanan amongst others in his Iure regni apud Scotos doeth introduce him for the Image of a most vertuous and temperate Prince The second of these Kings memorable in Histories was Ferdinando called Magno who no lesse than Pelagius to the glorie of GOD and his immortall fame did pacifie his Controversies with some Christian Neighbours to his great disadvantage to manage Warres against the Moores of whom hee over-threw and banished the King of Toledo and the King of Siviglia with all their People This Prince is so honoured by their Wryters for a wonderfull temperament that was in him of fiercenesse against the Barbarians and religious humilitie of carriage and conversation with his Subjects that they doe equall him vnto that perfect Cavalliere that Virgill descrybeth in the person of Aeneas For the third I will remember Ferdinando called Santo who did holilie bend him-selfe to cleanse the Countrey of Spayne from the remnant of that Vermine with such zeale and fervour that hee was noted thus to speake of the Ambition of Princes that in their Warres they had diverse ends some Vindication some Extention of Dominions some Glorie of the World and loue of Popular Ayre and all these sayde hee were vaine as David speaketh of them Periit memoria illorum cum sonitu Their m●morie passeth away with that same sound which doeth so much inveagle them for the tyme. Others sayde hee haue for the scope of their Warres Iustice and the Peace of People and these doe not willinglie moue Warres but for succouring of the Oppressed and extinction of Pryde and Tyrannie And lastlie others for propogation of the Fayth and that sayde hee is the top of all Glorie to bee purchased by Warres Although hee saide that seldome were Christian Princes happie in that sort to haue their designes in Warre simple and incommixed vvith Ambition Pride or Avar●ce vvhich● saide hee vvas the true reason vvhy Christian Empyres

latter Appellation was ordayned to bee from the Senate it selfe vnto the People by the Law VALERIA which is sayd by Livius to be the Fundament Mayne Strength of the Popular Soveraignitie The Practise here-of we reade in the Case of Sergius Galba the Orator who being convinced of Lese-Majestie by Cato the Censor did appeale vnto the People had his Absolution from them Agayne when this Popular State of Rome was reduced in a Principa●tie by Caesar the Dictator the Mittigation of Lawes or Absolution there-from did returne and rest into the person of the Prince as we reade of Cicero pleading for Pardon to Ligarius at the Hands of Caesar When I pleade sayth he before other Iudges I speake not of Pardon to my Client but stand to my Defences That the Accusator is calumnious the Cryme forged by Envie the Witnesses infamous but beere sayeth hee I eraue Grace Quia poena Legi Gratia Principi debetur Agayne we reade in Contareno vpon the Venetian Governament that the first Law that was made for the establishment of that Republicke was for a last Appellation from all Iudges Ordinarie● vnto their Great Counsell into the which the Soveraigne Majestie was placed that State beeing Aristocraticke so that this Power to absolue or dispense from Lawes by a last Appellation hath ever beene incorporate in the Soveraignitie geaue Lawes as naturallie belonging there-so and inseparable from the same Thus there beeing a Necessitie which no man can deny of Appellation from Legall Rigour to some Soveraigne Power who may mittigate the same and that being proper to the Supreame Majestie of the State as I haue showed those haue led me vpon the second Circumstance touching the Commission of Grievances that is to speake of the Authoritie where-by it may bee established and whether or not His Majestie may doe so much by His Prerogatiue Royall without the Approbation of a Parliament added there-vnto And that I should not seeme to corrupt the Veritie of so Soveraigne a Point with Flatterie of the Prince or for feare of Subjects for the first I will confesse that I am not of the Opinion of Melancton who helde that those hard and imperious Practises of Kings objected by Samuell to the Israelites when they did demand a King to rule over them were the true and naturall Priviledges of the Soveraigne Majestie But I doe thinke that they were rather permitted Acts of GOD His Iudgement against a wicked and rebellious People for other-wayes Samuell being then their Supreame Prince him-selfe would not haue justified the vprightnesse of his Governament by saying Whose Oxe or whose Asse haue I taken If it had beene lawfull for him to take them as hee doeth there pronounce that the following Kings should take them Besides that the Text of Samuell in that place doeth not say that a King shall haue right To take their Sonnes Daughters and Fieldes and to employ them to his vse and service But onlie that it shall be the manner and fashion of doing of their Kings Neither doeth the Hebrew word Mishpat in that same place signifie a Right to doe but a Custome and Fashion of doing and therefore the greater part of the Learned holde it true which some Hebrewes haue written of Samuell that the Booke composed by him a part of the Priviledges and Prerogatiues of the Soveraignitie mentioned in his Text of the Scripture was suppressed and destroyed by the succeeding Kings for their greater Libertie to exercise the Artes of Tyrannie But whylst it is so yet wee are to vnderstand that there is nothing more sacred next vnto GOD in this World than Soveraigne Kings they are the LORD His Anointed they carrie His Image they holde the Charter of their Authoritie immediatelie of Him they are like vnto the highest Spheares receiving the first Influence and Emanation from GOD they are His Lieuetenents to command over all Men holding them-selues onlie of Him so respected of GOD that wee are commanded by the Spirit of GOD to obey Kings generallie without restriction whether they bee Good or Bad because they are of GOD if they bee good Hee hath ordained them for the Quyetnesse and Prosperitie of good People if they bee Bad Hee hath ordained them for the punishment of Wicked and rebellious People so farre that in my judgement wee can finde no lawfull Warrand for Subjects to dethrone the Bad more than the Best in which Respects it is most necessarie that we should rightlie know the Qualities of their Persons and Dignitie of their high Calling to the ende that wee may vnderstand what kynde of Obedience is due vnto them It is not ydle nor without great Reason sayd that Soveraigne Kings are lyke vnto GOD. There are in GOD manie thinges communicable to His Creatures His Iustice Mercie Veritie Loue Wisdome Providence of all which His Creatures doe in some degree participate Agayne there are in GOD thinges mierlie incommunicable to Creatures and which can never bee spoken of them but privatiuelie as His Omnipotencie Infinitie Eternitie and these are the proper Markes of the DEITIE that can never fall in anie Creature what-so-ever Even so there bee in Kinges vvho represent GOD on Earth diverse and manie thinges communicable to Subjects besides Honour and Ritches vvhich from Princes doe reflect and shyne vpon Subjects A Subject may resemble his Prince in some Proprieties both of Bodie Mynde but with-all in that also lyke vnto GOD they haue some inseparable Marks of Soveraignitie vvhich cannot be communicated to Subjects vvithout the over-throw or Laesion at least of their Majestie As for the first to bee Law-givers the Disputes and Decreets of their Counsels Sonates and Parliaments are but a dead Letter vnto the tyme that the Royall Word SCEPTER Signe or Seale doe giue Lyfe and Authoritie there-vnto Senatus decrevi● Rex jussit If this Point to giue Lawes were communicable vnto Subjects then Subjects also might dispense with Lawes so participate of the Soveraignitie Another inseparable Marke of Soveraigne Majestie is to decreet of Peace and Warre Counsels and Parliamentes may agitate the Prince onelie may resolue I grant indeed that in Christian Kingdomes vvhich holde more of Aristocracie than of Monarchie the things of Peace and Warre doe much depende vpon the Voyce of the Nobles but the Seale of Authoritie is onlie from the King A third Marke inseparable of Soveraignitie is the Institution or Deposition of chiefe Magistrates which by the fore-sayd Law Valeria was annexed to the Popular State as due to the Soveraigne Majestie then Popular And certaynlie here-in lyeth not onlie a conspicuous Marke of Soveraignitie but also a Mayne Poynt of the Fortitude and Strength of the same A fourth Marke of Soveraigne Majestie and which is of it selfe most Soveraigne incommunicable is this latter Appellation of Subjectes to their Soveraignes in the Cases of Legall Rigour from what-so-ever Iudge vvithout the which the light of Reason doth show to anie Man that there can bee no true Soveraignitie lyke

two The greatest part of the Reformed Churches of France doe holde it after the Mynd of the learned Calvine vvho hath left behinde him the same Opinion to the World in his Treatise vpon Iob vpon the 18 of Nu●s Vers. 20 Sed eas à Lai●is occupari quo passus fuisset Papa si jure divino ut in●●lse garriunt sacra fuisseut Cleri hereditas Which Opinion is thought to haue begun from the old Valdenses who did inhabite there about vvho seeing the great Abuse of Tythes vnder the Church of Rome did hold that Tythes vveremeere Almes● and no vvay belonging to the Church This also vvas the Mynd of Iohn Hu● And that great Divine Perkins on Gal. 3. and 25. The Allowance of Tythes sayth he standeth not in Force in this and other Common-wealths by the Iudiciall Law of GOD to the Iewes but by Positiue Lawes of Countreys These Men thinke it no fault to giue Tythes to the Church but hold it not necessarie from anie Warrand of the Gospell● they doe allow of a sufficient Church Mayntaynance but not the same Quetum And when it is objected to them Why should these Beggarlie Iewish Rudiments and that perishing Priesthood of the Law haue so ritch a Patrimonie and the Glorious Revelation of the Gospell a poore and necessitous Ministrie They doe answere Because their Ritches and Formes are diverse and perhaps contrarie that consisting in Show and this in Substance that being altogether Earthlie and this altogether Spirituall and being in this Point too much possessed by Puritane Humours they doe not admit that Splendor and Decorement of Churches nor that externall Pompe and Majestie of Publicke Worship which in my Mynde is not discommendable in the Popes Church Where-vnto they are in all things opposed as well in the best Points of Government and Indifferent Ceremonies as in the Maine Grounds of Fayth And farther it is not to bee doubted of but that so Profound a Divyne as Cal●●ne vnderstanding so well as hee did the Arts of the Papall Pryde hee thought it a good Way for destroying of Superstition and Tyrannie in the Church to deny her anie Right of Tythes other than by Donation and Charitie of Christian Princes so long as she should remaine free from Heresie and wicked Abuses and otherwise might bee taken from her Now I come to the Circumstance of the Quotum to consider if there might haue beene anie matter of Sanctitie Ceremonie or Type in the number of 10 why GOD choosed the Tenth Portion to bee sacred vnto Himselfe rather than the ninth eleventh or twelft and whether Abraham did light vpon that number by anie instinct of Nature common to other People And first I will tell you that there was never hitherto anie Nation heard of so Barbarous in whose Hearts Nature did not ingraue this Law to adore the DEITIE by externall Ceremonies of Worship consisting in statelie Temples costlie Altars and Images daylie Oblations of sumptuous Sacrifices and Mayntaynance of multitudes of Sacrificators that it is admirable to beholde how Ge●tiles in externall Zeale haue gone beyond even true Worshippers so farre that manie of them did allot and dedicate to Religious Service much more than Tythes Wee reade in Dionys. Halicarn that Romulus the first Found●●r of Rome divided the whole Territories there of in three parts one for the Priests and Publicke Worship another for the Domaine of the Common-wealth the third for the People there being of People for that time 3000 and 18000 Iugera of Land where-of were reserved 6000 for the Sacrifices and Sacrificators And that this Division of Romulus according to Diadorus was an Imitation of the Aegyptians who in like manner did originallie make a Tripartion of the Revenewes of the Land where-of the first was for the Priests and Sacrifices the second for the King and Publicke Charges of the State the third for the Calasyres who were Souldiours and Men of Armes And from the most esteemed Histories of Antiquitie wee haue numbers of Testimonies that the Gentiles knew by the Light of Nature that Tythes were Sacred vnto GOD namelie of their Spoyles and Victories and therefore did offer and sacrifice them vnder the Name of Victimae quasi vi ictae Herpocration Dydymus and Pausamas doe witnesse that the Greeks gaue the Tenth of their Spoyles in VVarre vnto their Gods Cyrus the Lesse gaue the Tenth of his Money taken from Captiues to Apollo and Diana at Ephesus Agis gaue his at Delphos Agesilaus in two yeares aboue 100 Talents of Tythes to the same place Plinie relateth that the Sabeans might not sell their Frankincense vnder the paine of Death vntill the Priests had their Tythes The Aethiopians divided with a Staffe the Bundels of Caunell and Casia and first gaue GOD His part Plutarch is Author that Hercules did sacrifice everie Tenth Bullocke that hee tooke from Geiron by force The Tenthes of the Spoyles of the Platean VVarres were dedicate to the Gods Socrates hath in his Ecclesiasticall Kalendars that Alcibiades gaue commandement for Tenthes to the Gods from all those that sailed from Pontuu When the Veii were taken Prisoners and the Romanes made Peace with the V●lfians Camillus made the Romanes to pay to Apollo the Tythes of their Spoyles and it was allowed of the Senate Plutarch writeth of Lucullus that hee became incomparablie Rich because hee observed the paying of Tonthes to Hercules Xenophon witnesseth that others payed in the Countreyes about their Tythes to Apollo Festus sayeth Decima quaeque veteres Diis suis offerebant Which so vniversall a Practise doth show some Evidence to haue proceeded from the True Light of Nature before the Written Law and from the dayes of Noa to haue beene de●yved to all Nations otherwise how was it possible that such a Religious Due so a-nearing vnto the Trueth of GOD'S VVorship could haue beene so generallie followed of the Gentiles It beeing so wee are not to doubt but that Abraham with this D●ke Light of Nature common to the Gentiles where throgh hee did see as with the Left Eye his Religious Duetie concerning Tythes hee had also the Divyne Light which as a Right Eye did demonstrate vnto him the Secret of that Mysterie wherefore the LORD GOD did choose His owne Portion vnder the Number of 10 as most Holie and most Perfect in it selfe And heere I will borrow for more clearing of the Nature of Tenthes a little of your Patience for a pleasant Intercourse to set downe as I haue found it in the Remote and Mysticke Theologie the Reason of the Number 10 and of the Holie Respect and Perfection that is into it and which hath beene naturallie ingraven into the Hearts of Men even amidst the greatest Darknesse of Gentilisme We reade in the Scripture that God in the Creation of the World did imploy an instrumentall Wisdome Omnia fecisti Domine in numero pondero mensura which is called The created Wisdome of GOD Where-of it is saide

364 could not finde amongst them all aboue 1000 pound weight of Golde to make Redemption of the Towne there being in the meane tyme as their Subsidie Books did verifie 152580 free Citizens in Rome an Argument that Golde was then verie rare But as their Empyre did extend it selfe to Africke and Asia not onelie Golde and Silver were brought to them in g●eat Plentie but there-with also the perfect Science of those Mettals Plinius and all the Naturalists holde that no Golde is found without a Mixture of Silver nor Silver without commixtion of worse than it selfe and certaine it is that Golde cannot bee employed to anie Worke nor reduced in Coyne without a Mixture of Silver to the 35 part at least which wee doe now call of 35 Carret fine and this is the best and most vpright Golde Obrizum of fyrie reddish Colour Againe the most base is of pale and whyish Colour having a fift part of Silver in it called Electrum Vpon he Degrees betwixt these two of fift part and 35 doth run the fynnesse of Gold through the World of Silver betwixt 13 Pennie and 9 Penuie fine as wee call it that is to say having into it so much of Copper everie Nation following their owne Pleasure there-anent and manie striving to haue more base Coyne than their Neighbours and heighting Forraigne Money which is better than their owne that they may brooke it within their Countrey and if they please mixe it with their owne suffering Merchands by Subtilties of their Trafficke to wait the Commodities of Exportation or Importation that sometimes doth benefit the State in common some other tymes only the Merchand himselfe the ground of all vvhich Abuses is the fraudulent Commixtion of Golde Silver and Copper by Coyners and Gold-smiths vnder and below that Fynnesse vvhich is authorized by Princes States Wee reade that in the dayes of Francis the first the saids Artizans being ordained by Law to vvorke the Golde of 24 Carret Tryall beeing taken all vvas found to bee but of 19 so that in everie 24 Marks of Golde there vvere 5 Marks of Silver vvhich did vvonderfullie damnifie the Subjects and vvas punished by Death and Confiscation And albeit amongst the Romanes vvhen they began to haue store of Coyne it had Course of 32 Carret Fynnesse wherof there are diverse Pieces extant to this day vnder the Stampe of Vespasian yet the best Fynnesse now current in Europe is about 23 and of Silver betwixt 11 and 12 Pennie the most base againe in diverse places is little better Golde than the Electrum of 7 or 8 Carrets and Silver of 8 or 9 Pennie So that it is the great Negligence and Over-sight of State-Masters in manie Nations who doe not duelie collation the Worth of Countrey Coine with that vvhich is Forraigne thereby to know vvith vvhom the advantage doeth rest And as it vvere a good Meane for Mayntaynance of Humane Societie that all People should professe one Fayth for our Vnion in Religion which is the surest Band of Loue and that all should acknowledge the same Civill Lawes for Concordance of our Actions in the Rules of Iustice so it vvere the onlie Way to conserue Vprightnesse and Equitie in commerce of Merchandize amongst diverse Nations that there should be a stable Pryce and stable Fynnesse of Coyne common over all But that as the other two are rather wished than expected amidst the great Diversitie of the Myndes and Manners of Men where-vpon the often Alteration 〈◊〉 of Money speciallie by heighting of Pryce and basing of Fynenesse haue bene frequentlie practised And albeit it seeme to be vnjust in it selfe and to import manifest Wrong to particular Members of the Cōmon-wealth as when he who advanceth Money in prest to his Neighbour must by those Means receiue in Payment lesse than the same Weight Fynnesse which he gaue vnto him Or vvhen he who hath no State but of Silver Rents the poore Artizans vvho get noght for their Work but Money are constrayned by the heighting there-of to buy everie thing at a double Rate perhaps than of before because it is true that the Pryces of all thinges doe followe the Pryce of Money Yet not the lesse of these I will reason thus with such as doe stand for the Stabilitie of Money at this time amongst vs First I say there are no things of Men which are not subject to Vicissitude vvee see no Stabilitie of Governaments either in Church or State Is there any thing more ordinarie yea more necessarie than the Change of Positiue Lawes according to the Occurrent Behooffulnesse of the Tyme Second●ie I say the Alterations of Money-pryces are naturallie reasonably as incident as of other thinges If aboundance of Landes put to open selling great store of Bestiall hudge increase of Cornes doe make the Pryce of those more low and easie If Scarcitie agayne of the same doe rayse their Pryce why not in lyke manner the greater Plentie of Money the lower Pryce and the greater Penuritie there-of the higher Pryce So that I say vvhen Cornes are scant yee cannot choose but there must bee Dearth Lykewyse vvhen Money is much scarce yee are not able to keepe it at the old Pryce vnlesse yee will marre all or else that we had nought to doe with Money Thirdlie I say it is not a good Argument Because a thing doeth prejudge this or that particular Man Ergo it is no Common Good Omnis magna lex habet aliquid iniquit at is what Law hath ever bene made which is not of that kynd and hurtfull to some in particular Nature it selfe is contented to be violated in a Member for the Preservation and Prosperitie of a Whole We Will snead and cutte the Branches that the Bodie of the Tree●ay ●ay shoote vp more stronglie Albeit the Spirit of our Lyfe bee ●nto our Blood yet we will take some Ounces there-of to prevent 〈◊〉 remoue Mortall Diseases Fourthlie I say that ●he Bodie of our ●eople yea all of thē except some Ydle Men who liue onlie on Silver Rents are in best Condition when our Cornes are at reasonable grosse Pryces provyding there bee no Scarcitie everie Mank noweth it to be so But this cannot be except the Pryces of Money bee haughted or that ye find other Means to put aboundance there-of in the Countrey Yee will say to mee Yee shall provyde howe the Merchandes with tyme may import store of Silver and Golde as they did the yeare by-gone And I answere to you That is not at all tymes in the Option of the Merchand but then when he doth fore-see his owne Advantage and all was Forraigne Money that he brought but none of our own Coyne which goeth abroad at an higher Rate than here so that I knowe not a better Way than by haughting the Pryce there-of to let them see a second Gayne by Importation of the same Will yee aske mee what shall bee the benefit of the Common-wealth or what Well-governed

following Ages The first whereof and first in the Actions of his Lyfe was his incredible Diligence in the Oppressing Extinction of Intestine Enemies For finding that the Clemencie of his Predecessor Iul. Caes. in pardoning his Capitall Foes in Dismission of his Personall Guards his Carelesse Carriage and Contempt of diverse Advertisements given him from his Friends of Treasons complotted agaynst his Lyfe having nothing more frequent in Mouth than this Non tam mea interest quam Rep. ut quam diuttssime vivam I say that Augustus finding that by these Errours his Predecessor had prepared an easie Way of his own Destruction he did with all Expedition make away the whole Enemies of Caesar without Mercy not so much out of Splene Vindication as for Establishment of th● State Safetie of his own Lyfe He kept 40 Legions vpon his B●●de●ing Provinces vnder the Cōmandement of his most trustie Friends strong Guards about himself I know the Ods are great betwixt Your Majestie him because that was a New Conquest a Change of a Repub. into a Monarchie where the Doer could not be secure without Violence and Severitie of Governament But withall everie one doeth remember of the dangerous Stratagems and pernicious Attempts against the Sacred Person of Your Majestie 's Father often tymes intercepted We know that there be within the Bowels of Your Majestie 's Dominions Enemies to Your Governament even of Men who I thinke doe tender Your Lyfe as their owne I meane of Papists and Puritanes whereof the first is avowedlie opposed to Your Majestie 's Lawes and that the seconde is a perillous Enemie to Monarchall Governament yea most perillous it is knowne to all the Worlde by the Recordes of the Geneva Discipline vented over all manie yeares agoe and by our owne Histories of the Church of SCOTLAND written by our Proto-Reformtors and by our Iure Regni apud Scotos of Master George Buchanan and most clearlie of all by a certayne Treatise printed in LONDON Anno 1593 intituled Dangerous Positions published and practized within the Yle of BRITANE vnder Pretence of Reformation and for Presbyteriall Discipline Which I am perswaded if Your Majestie should take leasure to cast over yee would thinke it expedient to haue it current and publicke to the View of all Your Good Subjectes for the better Information of manie who bee ignorantlie affected therevnto Neyther doe I heere suggest anie thing that may irritate your Majestie to Rigour agaynst such And if it were asked me What then doe I meane This is it Sir Wee vnderstand that your Majestie hath many and mortall Enemies even of your Lyfe and Crowne and those of the greatest Potentates abroad and their insidious Instrumentes vvho lye in wayte to slyde into your Majestie 's Kingdomes vnperceiveablie vvhen they shall finde the Waters troubled In which Case the Vnanimitie of Subiectes especiallie in Matters of Religion and Ecclesiasticke Governament is the onelie Bād of our Securitie For even where Subiectes are naturallie loyall to their Princes destracted Myndes in such Poyntes are moste perillous And as wh●n a great Disease or Evill doeth enter vpon the Bodie it invadeth first that parte or Member vvhich had anie Weaknesse or Contusion of before Even so vvhen Forraigne Treacheries or Intestine Seditions come to bee practized in a State they doe first assault those of vnstayed and divyded Myndes and namelie from the Pryde of Puritanisme haue sprung the Seedes of the most badde and bolde things that haue bene committed agaynst our Princes in these last Ages And I must say it out of the Sinceritie and Simplicitie of a most humble Affection to the Stabilitie of your Maiestie's Reigne there is not a more malignant Gangrena latent within your Bowels than that nor more able to quarrell the Credite of Royall Authoritie if thinges were never so little turned loose Your Majestie hath neede againe to set over the Ports of your Kingdome the Eyes of Argos to see that no Enemie doe enter The Iesuit is a Proteus vvho can transforme himselfe in anie Shape Hee can passe by your Majestie vnder Covert and Silence Hee is lyke to the Skeilling Goose vvho when shee flyeth alongst the Mount Taurus carrieth a Stone in her Bill to stoppe her Crye that shee should not be heard of the Eagles vvhich continuallie doe keepe the Toppe there-of Chiefelie your Majestie hath neede to be ●urious of your owne Court For as never Heresie did come into the Church vvhich began not amongst the Clergie Even so seldome are Treasons contryved agaynst Princes vvherevnto some of their Court are not conscious When Augustus had caused great numbers to die and thought himselfe free from Domesticke Fears he found Cinna a lurking Serpent in his Bosome therefore we say that Kings should bee vigilant lyke to the Lyon who is King of Beasts and sayd to be of such Sollicitude that he sleepeth vvith open Eyes And if Your Majestie should at any time discover Disloyall Practises then indeede the Example of Augustus were well to bee followed to punish such Persons vvithout anie Mercie at all As for Puritanes this I holde that Your Majesties doe admit none to Episcopall Governament vvho hunteth after it for loue of Ritches or Preferment and then doth nothing differ from the Puritane in all his Carriage thereafter and that no Bishop be bold to ordayne a Preacher vvho doeth not in his owne person obey and make his Flocke obey the present Discipline and authorized Ordinances of the Church Your Majestie of Clemencie may suffer to expyre in peace such olde Puritanes as had Tollerance and Conni●ence vnder Your Father provyded they be modest and reserved but that eyther Poperie should be endured or in anie Corner of the Countrey an Arch-Puritane to bring foorth Seminaries of his Sect for the Ministerie certaynlie that were to keep a Backe-Doore open for Anarchie and Confusion sometyme to re-enter both into Church and State For the present Your Majestie hath Watch-men over our Church approved enough by Your Blessed Father vvho did preferre them The second SIR notablie remarked in the Gubernatiue Wisdome of Augustus vvas the great Honour done by him to the Senators of his Counsell and his Confidence in them The principall thing that did comfort those Conspirators agaynst the Lyfe of his Predecessour being his Misregards to the Senate that he would not deigne himselfe to ryse from his Chayre when they came in and that by the Perswasion and Flattery of Cornelius Balbus puissing him too much to vndertake Emperial Dignitie Augustus by the contrarie did dispatch no matter of Importance but by the Advyce of the Senators vvhome hee did so greattie respect that after a perfect Setling of all his Difficulties hee did beare in his owne person the Office of a Consull another tyme of the Censor which both he did discharge faythfullie and paynfullie beyond anie that had exercised those Functions before him Your Majestie knoweth howe there haue not