Pictish kingdome togither almost with the whole nation caused the marble stone whiche Symon Breke sometime brought out of Spaine into Ireland the firste Ferguse out of Ireland into Albion as before is recited The marble stone is remoued froÌ„ Argile into Goury in the place called Scone to be brought now forth of Argile where till that time it had bene diligently kepte into Goury whiche region before appertayned to the Picts there to remaine from thenceforth as a sacred token for the stablishment of the Scottishe kingdome in that couÌ„trey he placed it at Scone vpoÌ„ a reysed plot of ground there bicause that the last batayle whiche he had with the Pictes was fought neare vnto the same place the victory as before is specified chauÌ„cing to the Scots Vpon this stone as before is rehearsed the Scottishe kings were vsed to sit when they receyued the inuesture of the kingdome Some wryters haue recorded that by commaundement of Kenneth at the same time wheÌ„ this stone was thus by him remoued those latine verses were engrauen vpon it whereof mencion is made before where we spake of the aforesayd Ferguse the first his coÌ„ming ouer foorth of Ireland into Albion â–ª there to reygne Now in the meane time when those fewe of the Picts The residue of the Picts were dispersed which by flight had escaped the Scottishmens hands and were gotteÌ„ into England could by no meanes perswade the Englishmen being troubled with intestine warre to ayde theÌ„ in recouery of theyr countrey some of them passed the seas ouer into Norway and some into Denmarke and diuers other of them remayned still in England where they got theyr liuing eyther by some manuall occupation eyther els by seruice in the warres The Scots from thence foorth liued in quiet The Scottes liue in quiet during the lifetime of king Kenneth who deserued eternal fame by the enlarging of the â—…ouÌ„ds of his kingdome so mightily and in suche wise that where he founde the fronters hee made the same well neare the middest of his kingdome Other things he did also touchyng the politike gouernment of his subiectes in time of peaâ—…e no lesse worthie of prayse than his noble famous conquestes Kenneth maketh lawes and ordinances but specially he ordeyned certayne lawes for the wealth of his people whereby his iudges and other officers should proceede in the administration of iustice of the whiche I haue thought requisite to rehearse parte as yet beyng vsed that aswell the Author as the time of their first establishment may the better appeare to suche as shall peruse this historie The Chapters of those lawes whiche yet remayne to be obserued are these LEt euery shyre haue certayne men skilled in the lawes appoynted to bee resident in the same Lawyers necessarie accordyng as in the beginning it was instituted Let theyr sonnes also in theyr youth bee brought vp in knowledge of the same lawes Let them only keepe in their custodies the tables of the lawes The 〈◊〉 of the law to be kept with the register â—…ookeâ—… of the kings and peeres of the realme If any of them be conuicted of extorte brâ—…bing or other the like vniust dealing Brybers to be hanged let him die vpon the gallowes and his bodie remayne vnburie â—… Such as are condemned for theft PunishmeÌ„t for theft and murther let them be hanged and those that are proued giltie of â—â—â—der lâ—…t them lose theyr heades A woman which is condemned to die ryther let hyr be drowned in some riuer A woman coÌ„dâ—… to be 〈…〉 quick eyther els let hyr be buried quicke â—…ee that blasphemeth the name of God Blasphemeâ—…h haue the â—â—gs cut oâ—â— of the â—…aintes of his Prince or of the Captayne of his trybe lette hâ—â— haue his toungue cut out The punishmeÌ„t for a lier He that is conuicted of a lie to his neighbors hinderance let him haue his swoorde taken from him be banished out of all mens companie A man accused to be coÌ„â—…emned by an oâ—…â—…est of men Suche as be accused of any crimes that deserue death let them passe by the sentence of .vij. honest men eyther els of .ix. xj xiij xv or moe so that the number be odde Robbers to be put to the sworde Robbers by the highe wayes destroyers of corne growyng in the fieldes as is vsed by enimies in time of warre let them die by the sword Vagaboundes to be whipped and burnt in the cheeke The wife shall not suffer for the husbandes offence The coÌ„cubine and hyr mate to haue a lyke punishment Rauishers of maydes shall die Fugetiues vagaboundes and such other idle persons let them be whipped and brenned in the cheeke Let not the wife suffer for the husbandes offences but the husbaÌ„d shal answere for the wifes misdeedes if he be priuie therevnto Any mans lemman or concubine shall suffer the same paynes that he dothe whiche offendeth with hyr Hee that rauisheth a mayde shall die for it onlesse she requyre for sauegarde of his life to haue him to hyr husband Aduoutrers shall die If any man be taken with an other mans wife in adultrie she consenting vnto him therein they shall bothe suffer death for it But if shee consent not but be forced agaynst hyr will then he shall die onely for the same and the woman shall be releassed A childe hurâ—…ing his father shall die If the childe hurt the father either with tung hande or foote let him first be depryued of that member and then hanged his body to remayne without buriall Who are not to enherite A murderer a dumbe person or he that is vnthankefull to his parentes shall not inherite his fathers patrimonie Iugglers and Wisertes c. Iugglers Wysertes Nicromancers and such as call vp sprytes and vse to seeke vpoÌ„ them for helpe let them be brent to death Sowyng of grayne Let no man sow in the earth any grayne before it be purged of all the weedes Euill husbandry Hee that through negligent slouth suffereth his errable grounde to bee choked vp and ouergrowen with weedes for the firste faulte lette him forfeyt an oxe for the second ten oxen and for the third let him forgoe the same grounde Buriall of friends Thy companion in the warres or thy friend beyng slayne see him buried but let the enimie lie vnburied Wayfes and streyfes Any strayfe catayle that commeth into thy groundes eyther restore them to the owner eyther els deliuer theÌ„ to the searcher out of theeues commonly called Tonoderach or to the person or vycar of the towne for if thou retayne them in thy handes by the space of three dayes thou shalt be accompâ—…ed giltie of thefte Things found He that findeth any thing that belongeth to an other man lette him cause it to be â—â—ied in the market or els hee shal be iudged for a fellon He that striketh him with whome he goeth to the lawe aboute
made hym Capytayne of Caleys whyche Office the Lorde Riuers brother to the Queene claymed of the kings former promisse no for diâ—… other great gifts which he receiued y t they looked for When these Lorden wyth diuers other of hoâ—…the the parties were come 〈◊〉 fences the Kyngs lifting vp himselfe and vnderset to 〈…〉 as it is â—…porteâ—… and his wife saide vnto them â–ª My Lordes The Oration of the King in to death bed my deare kinâ—… and 〈◊〉 in what plight I lye you see and I â—…erle â–ª By which the lesse while I â—…ooke to liue wyth yâ—… the more deepely am I 〈◊〉 care in what case Alcouâ—… you for suche 〈…〉 you such hee my children like to 〈…〉 Which 〈◊〉 they shoulde what God 〈◊〉 finde you at 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 might baâ—… to felthâ—…se was at warre â—…re their discretion woulde serue to set you at peace yee â—…et their youth of whyche I recken the only suretye to reste in your concorde For it suffiseth not that all you loue them if eche of you bare other if they were men your faithfulnesse happily woulde suffiâ—… But childehoode muste be maintained by mens aucthoritie and slipper youthe vnderâ—…ped with elder counsell whiche neyther they can haue but yee giue it nor yee giue it if yee gree not For what a eche laboureth to breake that the other maketh and for hatred of eche of others person imâ—…neth eche others counsaile there muste at â—…edes bee long eâ—…aâ—…ye good conclusion go forward And also while eyther partye laboureâ—… to bee chiefe â—…ttene shal haue more place than plaine and faythfull aduise of whiche muâ—…e needes insue the euill bringing vp of the Prince whose minde it tender youthe infecte shall redily fall to mischiefe and riot and drawe downe wyth his noble Realme to ruine but if grace â—…urne hym so wisedome whyche if god sende then they that by euill meanes before pleased hym beste shall after fall farthest out of fauoure so that euer at length euill drifts draw to nought and good plaine wayes prosper Greate variaunce hathe there long bene betweene you not alwaye for greate causes Sometime a thyng right well intended our misconstruction tourneth vnto worse or a small displeasure done vs eyther our owne affection or euill tonges agaâ—…neth But this woe I well yee neuer hadde so greate cause of hatred as ye haue of loue That wee bee all men that wee bee Christenmen this shall I leaue for preachers to tell you and yet I wolâ—…are whether any preachers words ought more to moue you thaÌ„ his that is by and by going to the place that they all preache of But this shall I desire you to remember that the one parte of you is of my bloude the other of mine alies and eche of you wyth other eyther of kinred affinitie whyche spirituall kinred of affinitie if the Sacramentes of Christes Churche hears that weyght wyth vs that woulde God they didde shoulde no lesse moue vs to Charitie than the respecte of fleshely consanguinitye Our Lorde forbidde that you loue togyther the worse for the selfe cause y t you ought to loue the better And yet that happeneth and no where find we so deadly debate â—…oad among them whyche by nature and â—…oweâ—…st ought to agree togither Suche a pestian Serpent is ambition Ambition and desire of vaine glorie and soueâ—…intie whiche among states where hee once entreth creepeth forth so farre till with diuision and variaunce he turneth all to mischiefe First longyng to banext the heste afterwarde â—…all wyth the beste and at laste â—…fe and aboue the beste Of whiche immoderate appetite of worshippe and thereby of debate and dissention what losse what sorrowe what trouble hathe within these fewe yeares growne in this Realme I pray God aswell forget as wee well remember Which things if I could aswell haue foreseene 〈◊〉 I haue with my more paine then pleasure proued by Goddes blessed Ladye that was â—…er his othe I woulde neuer haue won the â—…sâ—…e of mens knees wyth the losse of so many heades But sithen thinges passed cannot hee gayne called muche oughte wee the more beware by what occasion we haue taken so greate hurte afore that we eftsoones fall not in that occasion agayne Now hee those griefs passed and all is God be thanked quiet and likely right well to prosper in wealthfull peace vnder your cousins my children if God sende them life and you loue Of whiche two things the lesse losse were they by whome thoughe God did his pleasure yet shoulde the Realme alway finde Kings and peraduenture as good Kings But if you among your selfe in a childs raigne fall at debate many a good man shall perishe and haplye hee to and yee to ere this lande finde peace againe Wherefore in these laste wordes that euer I looke to speake wyth you I exhorte you and require you all for the loue that you haue euer borne to mee for the loue that I haue euer borne vnto you for the loue that our Lord beareth to vs all from this time forwarde all griefs forgotten eche of you loue other Whiche I verely â—…ruste you will if yee any thing earthly regarde eyther God or your King affinitie or kinred this realme your owne counter or your own fuertie And therewithall the King â—…o longer induryng to sâ—…tte vp laid him downe on his righte side hys face towarde them and none was there present that coulde refraine from weepyng But the Lordes recomfortyng him wyth as good wordes as they coulde and aunsweryng for the time as they thought 〈◊〉 standâ—… with hys pleasure there in hys presence as by theyr wordes appeared eche forgaue other and ioyned theyr handes togyther when as it after appeared by theyr deedes their hartes were farre asunder As soone as the King was departed the noble Prynce his sonne drewe towarde London whiche at the time of hys deceasse kepte hys housholde at Ludlowe in Wales whiche countrey beeing farre â—…rom the lawe and recourse to Iustice was begon to be far out of good wil and waxen wyld robbers reuers walkyng at libertie vncorrected And for thys enchâ—…on the Prince was in the life of hys father sente thither to the ende that the aucthoritie of his presence shoulde refraine euill disposed persons fro the boldenesse of their former outrages To the gouernaunce and orderyng of this yong Prince at hys sendyng thither was there appoynted Sir Anthony Wooduile lord Riuers and brother vnto the Queene Lorde Riuers a right honourable man as vaâ—…ant of hand as politike in counsel Adioyned wer there vnto him other of y e same partie in effect euery one as he was nerest ofâ—…n vnto the Quene so was planted next about y e Prince That drifte by the Queene not vnwisely deuised whereby hir bloude mighte of yoâ—…he bee rooted in the Princes fauoure the Duke of Gloucester tourned vnto their destruction and vppon that grounde sette the foundation of all his vnhappye buildyng For whomsoeuer he perceyued eyther at variaunce wyth
thinke sufficiently of such lawes as were in vse before the conquest Nowe it resteth that I should declare the order of those that haue béene made sith the comming of the NormaÌ„s but for asmuch as I am no lawier therfore haue but lyttle skyll to procéede in the same accordingly it shall suffice to set downe some generall dyscourse of such as are vsed in our daies and so much as I haue gathered by report and common here saye We haue therfore in EnglaÌ„d sundry lawes and first of all the ciuile vsed in the chauncery admiraltie and dyuers other courtes in some of which the seuere rygor of Iustice is often so mittigated by conscience that dyuers thinges are thereby made easie and tollerable whyche otherwyse woulde appeare to be méere iniurye and extremity We haue also a great part of the Cannon lawe daily practised among vs especially in cases of tithes contracts of matrimony and such lyke as are vsually to be séene in the consistories of our Bishoppes where the exercyse of the same is verye hotely followed The third sorte of lawes that we follow are our owne and those alwaies so variable and subiect to alteration and change that oft in one age diuers iudgementes doe passe vpon one maner of casse wherby the saying of the Poet Tempora mutantur nos mutamur in illis maye very well be applyed vnto such as beyng vrged with these wordes in such a yeare of the Prince this opinion was taken for sounde lawe doe aunswere nothing else but that the iudgement of our lawyers is nowe altered so that they saye farre otherwyse The regiment that we haue therefore after our owne ordinaunces dependeth vpon Statute lawe Common law Customary law Prescription Parliament law The first is deliuered vnto vs by Parliament which court is the highest of all other and consisteth of thrée seuerall sortes of people that is to say the Nobility Clergy and commons of thys Realme and there to is not somoned but vppon vrgent occasion when the prince doth sée his time and that by seueral writtes dated commonly ful sixe wéekes before it begin to be holden Such lawes as are agréed vpoÌ„ in the higher house by the Lordes spirituall and temporall and in the lower house by the commons and bodye of the realme wherof the conuocation of the cleargy holden in Powles is a member there speaking by the mouth of the knights of the shire and burgesses remaine in the ende to be confirmed by the Prince who commonly resorteth thither vppon the first and laste daies of thys court there to vnderstande what is done giue his royall consent to such estatutes as him lyketh of Comming therefore thither into the higher house and hauing taken his throne the speaker of the Parliament for one is alwayes appoynted to go betwéene the houses as an indifferent mouth for both readeth openlye the matters there determined by the sayde thrée estates and then craueth the Princes consent and confirmation to the same The king hauing heard the somme principall pointes of each estatute briefly recited vnto him aunswereth in French with great deliberation vnto such as he lyketh Il nous plaist but to the rest Il ne plaist whereby the latter are vtterly made voyde and frustrate That also which his Maiestie liketh of is euer after holden for law except it be repealed in any the lyke assembly The number of the commons assembled in the lower house beside the clergie coÌ„sisteth of ninetie Knights For eache shyre of England hath twoo gentlemen or knights of greatest wisedome and reputation chosen out of the bodye of the same for that only purpose sauing that for wales one only is supposed sufficient in euerie countie whereby the number afore mentioned is made vp There are likewyse fourtie and sixe Citizens 289. Burgeses and fourtéene Barons so that the whole assembly of the layetie of the lower house coÌ„sisteth of foure hundred thirtie and nine persons if the iust number be supplyed Of the lawes here made lykewyse some are penall and restraine the common lawe and some againe are founde to inlarge the same The one sort of these also are for the most part takeÌ„ strictlye according to the letter the other more largely and beneficially after their intendement and meaning The Common Lawe standeth vppon Sundrye Maximes or Princyples Common Lawe â–ª and yeares or tearmes which doe conteine such cases as by great studye and solemne argument of the iudges and thereto the déepest reach foundations of reason are ruled and adiudged for lawe Certes these cases are otherwise called plées or actioÌ„s wherof there are two sortes the one criminall the other ciuile The meanes messengers also to determine those causes are our writtes wherof there are some Originall and some Iudiciall The parties plaintife and defendant when they appeare procéede if the case do so require by plaint or declaration aunswere replication and reioynder and so to issue the one side affirmatiuely the other negatiuely Our trialles and recoueries are eyther by verdict and demourre confession or default wherein if any negligence or trespasse hath béene committed eyther in processe forme or in matter iudgement the partie grieued may haue a writte of errour to vndoe y e same but not in the same court where the former iudgement was giuen Custoâ—… Laâ—… Customarie law consisteth of certaine laudable customes vsed in some priuate country entended first to beginne vppon good and reasonable considerations as gauell kinde which is all the male children to inherite coÌ„tinued to this day in Kent or Burrow kinde where the yongest is preferred before the eldest which is the custome of many countries of this region so forth of such like to be learned else where Prescription is a certayne custome Prescripâ—…tion which hath continued time out of minde but it is more particular then customarie lawe as where onely a parish or some priuate person doth prescribe to haue common or a way in another mans soyle or tithes to be payde after this or that maner I meane otherwyse then the common course order of the lawe requyreth whereof let thys suffice at thys tyme in stéede of a larger discourse of our owne lawes least I shoulde séeme to enter farre into that whereof I haue no skill For what hath the meditation of the lawe of God to doe with any precise knowledge of the law of man sith they are seuerall trades and incident to diuers persons There are also sundrie vsuall courtes holdeÌ„ once in euery quarter of the yeare which we commonlye call tearmes of the latin worde Terminus Terâ—… wherin all coÌ„trouersies are determined that happen within the Quéenes dominions These are commonly holden at London except vpoÌ„ some great occasion they be transferred to other places at what times also they are kept the table insuing shal easily declare Finally howe well they are followed by sutetâ—… the great welth of our lawiers without any traueyle of mine
encountred with a Nauie of .xxx. ships besyde the Iles of Orkeney These Shippes were fraught with men and women and had to theyr Captayne one called Bartholoin or Partholin Mat. VVest Gal. Mon. The which beeyng bâ—…ought to the presence of King Gurguint declared that hee with hys people were banished oute of Spayne and were named Balences or Basclenses Basques and had sayled long on the Sea to the ende to fynde some Prince that woulde assigne to them a place of habitation vnto whom they would become subiects See more here of in Ireland and hold of him as of theyr soueraigne gouernour Therefore hee besought the King to consider theyr estate and of his greate benignitie to appoynte some voyde quarter where they might inhabite The King with the aduice of hys Barons graunted to them the I le of Irelande whiche as then by report of some Authours lay wast and without habitation But it shoulde appeare by other wryters Pâ—…lidâ—â— that it was inhabyted long before those dayes by the people called Hibernenses of Hiberus theyr Captayne that brought them also out of Spaine After that Gurguintus was returned into hys Countrey hee ordeyned that the lawes made by his 〈…〉 shoulde be duely kept and obserued And thus â—â—â—ynistring iustiâ—…e to hys subiectes for the tearme of .xix. yeares he finally departed this lyfe and was buried at London or as some haue at Cairleon Caiâ—â— In hys dayes was the Towne of Cambridge wyth the Vniuersitie fyrst founded by Cantaber brother to the aforesayde Bartholoin according to some wryters as after shall appeare Guintolinus This Guintoline was a prudent Prince graue in counsell and sober in behauiour He had also a wife named Martia a woman of passing beautie and wisedome imcomparable as by hir prudent gouernment and equall administration of iustice after hir husbandes decease during hir sonnes minoritie it most manifestly appeared It is thought that in an happy time this Guintoline came to the gouernance of this kingdome being shaken and brought out of order with ciuill dissentions to the ende he might reduce it to the former estate which he earnestly accomplished for hauing once got the place hee studyed with great diligence to refourme of newe and to adorne with iustice lawes and good orders the Brytish common wealth by other Kings not so framed as stoode with the quietnesse thereof But afore all things hee vtterly remooued and appeased suche ciuyll discorde as seemed yet to remaine after the maner of a remnant of those seditions factions and partakings which had so long time raigned in this lande But as he was busie in hande herewith death tooke him out of this life after he had raigned .xxvij. yeares and then was he buried at London Sicilius By reason that Sicilius was not of age sufficient of himselfe to guide the kingdome of the Brytaynes his mother that worthie Ladie called Martia had the gouernance both of his reason and person committed to hir charge She was a woman expert and skilful in dianâ—…e sciences â—â—ene Marâ—â—gouerneth â—â—r sonnes â—…ruth but chiefely beeing admitted to the gouernance of the realme she stâ—…died to preâ—â—â—e the common wealth in good quiet and wholsome order â—â—maketh â—â—s and therefore deuised established proâ—â—table conueniente lawes the which after were called Martian laws of hir name that fyrst made them These lawes as those that were thought good and necessarie for the preseruation of the common wealth Alfred or Alured that was long after king of England translated also out of the Brytishe tongue into the English Saxon speâ—…che and then were they called after that translation Marchenelaghe â—â—t VVest that is to meane the lawes of Martia To conclude this worthie woman guided the lande during the minoritie of hir sonne right politiquely and highly to hir perpetuall renowme and commendation And when hir sonne came to lawfull age she deliuered vp the gouernaunce into his handes How long he raigned wryters varie some auouche but seuen yeares â—â—t VVest â—â—ton though other affyrme xv whiche agreeth not so well with the accorde of other Hystories and tymes He was buried at London Kimarus KImarus the sonne of Sicilius began to raign ouer the Brytaynes Kimaâ—â—s in the yeare of the world 3657. and after the buylding of Rome .442 and in the first yeare of the .117 Olympiade This Kimarus being a wild yong man and giuen to follow his lustes and pleasure â—â—â—ian was 〈◊〉 by some that were his enimies as he was abrode in hunting when hee had raigned scarcely three yeares Elanius ELanius y e son of Kimarus Elanius or as other haue Mâ—…tâ—… VVest his brother â—â—gan to 〈◊〉 the Brytaines in the yere after the creationâ—… of y e world â—…061 after the building of Rome .445 after the deliuerance of the 〈…〉 in â—…he â—…th yâ—…re of the 〈◊〉 after which account the bookes of Machabeâ—…s doe recken which beganne 〈◊〉 the 〈◊〉 after the 〈…〉 This 〈…〉 the Englishe Chronicle is named also 〈◊〉 by 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Daâ—…ius and by an 〈…〉 with 〈◊〉 muche followed Elanius 〈…〉 shoulde seeme to be our person but other 〈…〉 and say that he raigned 〈◊〉 vill 〈◊〉 Morinde This Morindus in the Englishe Chronicle is called Morwiâ—…h and was a man of worthie fame in 〈◊〉 and Martial doings but so cruell withall that his vnmercifull nature could vneth be satisfied with the tormeÌ„ts of them that had offended him although oftentymes with his own handes he cruelly put them to torture and execution He was also beautifull and comely of personage liberall and bounteous and of a meâ—…uellous strength In his dayes a certaine king of the people called Morlani with a great army landed in Northumberlande G. Mon. and beganne to make cruell warre vpon the inhabitantes But Morind aduertised hereof assembled his Brytaines came against the enimies and in battaile put them to â—â—ight and chasing them to thâ—…y'r shippeâ—… 〈◊〉 great number of them prisoners whom to the satisfying of his cruell nature he caused to be slaine euen in his presence Some of them were headed some strangled some panched and some he caused to be slain quicke These people who Gal. Mon. nameth Moriani The like may be thought of those Murreys or Morauians of whom H.B. speaketh Fabian I take to bee eyther those that inhabited about Terrouane and Calice called Moâ—â—ni or some other people of the Gaulles or Germalues and not as some esteeme them Moranians or Merhenners whiche were not knowne to the world as Humfrey Llhuid hath verie well noted tyll about the dayes of the Emperour Mauritius which miscoÌ„structioÌ„ of names hath brought the Brytishe Hystorie further out of credite than reason requyreth if the cyrcumstaunces be duely considered But now to ende with Morindus At length this bloudie Prince heard of a Monster that was come a lande out of the Irish sea with the which when he woulde needes fight he was of the same deuoured after he
he had thus vanquished his enimyes Henric. Hut whiche as some write were come as farre as Stanfourde and vsed at that tyme to fight wyth long Dartes and Speares whereas the Saxons fought onelye wyth long swordes and Axes There bee that haue written howe the Saxons were not sent for but came by chaunce into the I le Calf Mon. and the occasion to be this There was an auncient custome amongst the English Saxons a people in Germanie as was also at the first among other Nations that when the multitude of them was so increased that the Countrey was not able to sustayne and finde them by commaundement of their Princes they shoulde choose out by lottes a number of yong and able personages fitte for the warres which should go forth to seeke them newe habitations and so it chaunced to these that they came into great Britaine and promised to serue the king for wages in his warres But by what meane soeuer they came hither truth is that Hengistus being a man of great wit rare policie and high wisdome was their Captaine Hengist purposeth at the first to conquere the Brytaynes who vnderstanding this Kings minde which now wholy trusted to the valiancie of the Saxons and herewith perceiuing the fruitfulnesse of the Countrey streight wayes began to consider with himselfe by what wyles and craft he might by little and little settle here and obteine a kingdome in the I le and to establish the same to him and to his for euer Therefore first he indeuoured with all speede possible to fence that part of the Countrey which was giuen to him and his people Polidor and to enlarge and furnish it with garisons appointed in places most conuenient After this he did what he could to perswade the king that a great power of men might be brought ouer out of Germanie that y e land being fortified with such a strength the enimies might be put in feare and his subiects holden in rest The King not foreseeing the happe that was to come did not despise this counsell contriued to the destruction of his Kingdome and so was more ayde sent for into Germanie wherevpon now at this seconde tyme there arriued here VVil. Mal â–ª 13. â—…oyâ—… plaâ—…es saye the Scottish wryters and M. men in 〈◊〉 same The Saxons call these Vâ—…sels Cooles Keeles and 〈◊〉 old hystoriâ—… Cogiâ—â— xvj vessels fraught with people and at the same time came the Ladie Rowen or Ronix daughter to Hengyst a Mayde of excellent beautie and comelynesse able to delite the eyes of them that shoulde behold hir and specially to win the heart of Vortigerne with the dart of concupiscence whervnto he was of nature much inclyned and that did Hengest well perceyue There came ouer into thys lande at that tyme and soone after three manner of people of the Germaine Nation as Saxons Vita or Iutes â—…e Vitae or â—…e are called â—…ri â—…lex Now. and Angles ouer the whiche the sayde Hengist and Hors beeing brethren were Captaines and rulers men of right noble parentage in theyr Countrey as discended of that auncient Prince Wâ—…den of whom the English Saxon kings doe for the more part fetche theyr pedegree as lineally descended from him vnto a whom also the English people falsely reputing him for a God consecrated the fourth day of the weeke as they did the sixth to his wyfe frâ—…e so that the some dayes tooke more of them the one beeing called Wodensday â—…ednesday â—…d Fryday hereof they â—…me and the other Fâ—…readay which wordes after in continuance of time by corruption of speech were somewhat altred though not much as from Wodensday to Wednesday and from Freaday to Fryday â—…da The foresayde Woden was father to Vecta father to Wetgislus that was father to the foresayd Hengistus and Horsus But nowe to rehearse further touching those three people whiche at this time came ouer into Brytayne oute of Germanie of the Vites or Iutes as Beda recordeth are the Kentishmen discended and the people of the I le of Wlight with those also that inhabite ouer agaynste the same I le Of the Saxons came the East Saxons the South Saxons and West Saxons Moreouer of the Angles proceeded the East Angles the middle Angles or Mercies and the Northren men That these Angles were a people of Germanie Cor. Tacitus it appeareth also by Cornelius Tacitus who calling them Anglij which worde is of three sillables as Polidore sayth But some wryte it Angli with two sillables And that these Angli or Angliâ—… were of no small force and authoritie in Germanie before their comming into this lande may appeare in that they are numbred amongest the twelue nations there whiche had lawes and auncient ordinaunces a part by them selues according to the whiche the state of theyr common wealth was gouerned they beeing the same and one people with the Thoringers as in the tytle of the olde Thuringers lawes wee finde recorded whiche is thus Lex Angliorum VVerinorum hoc est Thuringorum The law of the Angles and VVerinians that is to witte the Thuringers whiche Thuringers are a people in Saxonie as in the description of that Countrey it may appeare is this Polidor But nowe to the matter Hengist perceyuing that his people were highly in Vortigernes fauour beganne to handle him craftily deuysing by what meanes hee mighte bring him im loue with his daughter Ronix Rowen or Ronowen Hengistes daughter or Rowen or Ronowen as some write which he beleeued wel would easily be brought to passe bycause he vnderstoode that the King was much giuen to sensuall lust VVil. Malm. which is the thing that often blindeth wise mens vnderstanding and maketh them to dote and to loss theyr perfite wittes yea and oftentymes bringeth them to destruction though by suche pleasant poyson as they feele no better taste tyll they be brought to the extreeme poynt of confusion in deede A greate Supper therefore was prepared by Hengist at the whiche pleased the King to be present Hengist appoynted his daughter when euerie man beganne to bee somewhat â—…erâ—…ie wyth winke Gal. Mon. to bring in a Cuppe of Golde full of good and pleasant wine and to present it to the King saying VVassail Which shee did in such comely and decent maner as she that knewe howe to doe it well ynough so as the King marueyled greatlye thereat and not vnderstanding what shee ment by that salutation Wassail what it signifieth demaunded what it signified To whom it was aunswered by Hingist that the wished him well and the meaning of it was that he should drinke after hir ioyning thervnto this answere drinke haile Wherevpon the king as he was enformed tooke the cuppe at the Damsels hand and dranke Finally this yong Ladie behaued hirselfe with such pleasant wordes comely countenaunce and amiable grace that the king behelde hir so long till he felt himselfe so farre in loue with hir person that he burned in
Brytaines had no weapons to defend themselues except any of them by his strength manhood got the knife of his enimie Amongst other of the Brytaynes there was one Edol Earle of Gloucester Ran. Cestren Fabian or as other haue Chester which got a stake out of an hedge or else where 70. bath Gal. Math West Ran. Cestren and with the same so defended himselfe and layde aboute him that he slue xvij of the Saxons and escaped to the Towne of Ambrie nowe called Salesburie and so saued his owne lyfe Vortiger was taken and kept as prisoner by Hengist till he was constrayned to delyuer vnto Hengist three Prouinces or Countreys of thys Realme that is to witte Kent and Essex or as some write that parte where the south Saxons after did inhabite as Sussex and other the thirde was the Countrey where the Eastangles planted themselues which was in Noffolk and Suffolke Then Hengist being in possession of those three Prouinces suffred Vortigerne to depart and to to be at his libertie William Malmesb wryteth somewhat otherwise of this taking of Vortigerne VVil. Malm. during whose raigne after the deceasse of his sonne Vortimer nothing as should appeare by that which the same Malmesb wryteth was attempted agaynst the Saxons but in the meane tyme sayeth hee Hengist according to the default of mannes nature whiche the more he hath the more hee desyreth by a colourable craft procureth his sonne in lawe Vortigerne to come to a banket to his house wyth three hundred other Brytaynes and when hee had made them well and warme with often quaffing and emptying of Cuppes and of purpose touched euerye of them wyth one bytter taunte or other they first fell to multiplying of malicious wordes and after to blowes so that the Brytaynes were slaine euery mothers sonne so yeelding vp their ghostes euen amongst their pottes The King himselfe was taken and to redeeme himselfe out of pryson gaue to the Saxons three Prouinces and so escaped oute of bondage Thus by what meane soeuer it came to passe truth it is as all wryters agree that Hengist got possession of Kent and of other Countreys in this Realme and beganne to raigne there as absolute Lorde and Gouernour in the yeare of oure Lorde as some wryte 476. 476 aboute the fifth yeare of Vortigerns last raigne but after other which take the begynning of this kingdome of Kent to be when Hengist had first gyft thereof the same Kingdome beganne in the yeare .455 Kingdome of Kent This Kingdome or Lordship of Kent conteyned the countrey that stretcheth from the East Ocean vnto the ryuer of Thames hauing on the Southeast Southerie and vpon the West London vppon the Northeast the Ryuer of Thames aforesayde and the Countrey of Essex Hengist and all other the Saxon kings which ruled as after shall appeare in vij partes of this Realme are called by wryters Reguli that is to say little kings or rulers of some smal dominion so that Hengist is accounted as a little king And when he had got into his handes the foresayde three Prouinces he caused more number of Saxons to come into Brytayne and bestowed them in places abroade in the Countrey by reason whereof the Christian Religion greatlye decayed within the lande for the Saxons being Pagans did what they coulde to extinguish the fayth of Christ The decay of Christian religion and to plant againe in all places theyr heathenish Religion and worshipping of false Goddes and not onely hereby was the true fayth of the Christians brought in daunger dayly to decay but also the erronious opinion of the Pelagians greatly preuayled here amongest the Brytaynes by meanes of suche vnsounde Preachers as in that troublesome season did fit foorth erronious doctrine amongst the people without all maner of reprehension Certayne yeares before the comming of the Saxons Beda that heresie began to spreade within this land very much by the lewde industrie of one Leporius Agricola the sonne of Seuerus Sulpitius as Bale sayth a Bishop of that lore But Pelagius the author of this heresie was borne in Wales and held opinion that a man might obteyne saluation by his owne free wil merit without assistance of grace as he that was borne without originall sinne c. After they were come ouer they did so much what with conuincing the wicked arguments of the aduersaries of the truth by the inuincible power of the worde of God and holynesse of lyfe that those whiche were out of the right way were soone brought into the right path againe About the same time also one Palladins was sent from Celestinus Bishop of Rome Beda Palladius vnto the Scottes to instruct them in the fayth of Christ and to purge them from the Heresie of the sayde Pelagius This Paladius exhorted Constantinus the king of Scottes Constantine king of Scots that in no wise he shoulde ayde the Saxons beeing infidelles agaynst the Brytaines and his exhortation tooke so good effect that the sayd Constantinus did not only forbeare to assyst the Saxons but contrarily holpe the Brytaynes in theyr warres agaynst them the which thing did mainteyne the state of the Brytaynes for a tyme from falling into vtter ruine and decay In the meane time the Saxons renued their league with the Pictes so that their powers being ioyned togither H. Hunt Beda they beginne a fresh to make sore warres vpon the Brytaynes the which of necessitie were constrayned to assemble an armie and mistrusting their owne strength required ayde of the two Bishops Germaine and Lupus The which hasting forwarde with all speede came into the army bringing with them no small hope of good lucke to all the Brytaynes there beeing assembled This was done in Lent and such was the diligence of the Bishops that the people being instructed with continuall preaching in renouncing the error of the Pelagians earnestly came by troupes to receyue the grace of God offered in baptisme so that on Easter day which then ensued the more part of the army was baptised and so went forth against the enimies the which hearing thereof made hast towards the Brytaynes in hope to ouercome them at pleasure But theyr approche being knowne Byshoppe Germaine taketh vpon him the leading of the Brâ—…tish host The armiâ—… 〈◊〉 the Brytiâ—… newly 〈…〉 and ouer agaynst the passage throughe the which the enimies were appoynted to come he chose forth a valley enclosed with high Mountaynes and within the same he placeth his 〈◊〉 washeâ—… armie And when he saw the enimies now at hande he commaunded that euery man with one generall voyce shoulde aunswere him crying alowde the same crie that he should begin And euen as the enimies were readie to giue the charge vpon the Brytaynes supposing that they should haue taken them at vnwares and before any warning had beene giuen sodainly Bishop Germaine and the Priestes with a lowde and shrill voyce cryed Alleluia thrice Alleluia and therewith all the
that about the .14 yeare of the Britayn king Conanus his reigne whiche was aboute the end of the yeare of Christe .559 Kenrike kyng of the Weastsaxons departed this lyfe 559. after he hadde reigned â—â— yeares complete This Kenrike was a victorious Prince and fought diuers battailes against the Britons In the .xviij. H. Hunt yeare of his reigne which was the .551 of Christ we fynd that he fought against them beeing come at that tyme vnto Salisburie and after greate slaughter made on bothe partes at length the victorie remayned with the Saxons and the Britons were chased Agayne in the two and twentie yere of his reigne and .555 yere of Christ the same Kenrik and his son Chevling fought with a greate power of Britons at Beranbury The Britons were diuided into .ix. coÌ„panies iij. in the foreward .iij. in the battayle â—…iij â–ª in the rereward with their horsmen archers after the maner of the Romans The Saxons being ranged in one entier bataile valiantly assailed them and notwithstanding the shot of the Britons yet they brought the matter to the triall of handblowes til at length by the coÌ„ming on of the night the victorie remained doubtfull and no maruell is to be made therof sayeth Henry Archedeacon of Huntington sith the Saxons were menne of suche huge statute greate force and valyaâ—…t courage The same yeare that Kenrike deceassed Ida the king of Northumberlande also died he was as ye haue heard a right valiaÌ„t prince enlarged the dominion of the Saxons greately Henner came in battaile Loth king of the Pictes and Gorrane or rather Conrane king of Scots Also about the yeare of Christ .560 Conanus as yet gouerning the Britons Irmenrike king of Kente departed this lyfe 560 â–ª of whome ye haue heard before and Ethelberte his sonne succeeded him .52 yeres H. Hunt Then after that the forsaid three princes were dead as before ye haue heard they had that succeded theÌ„ in their estates as here followeth After Kenrike his sonne Ceaulinus or Chevlyng succeeded in gouernment of the Westsaxons and after Ida one Ella or Alla reigned in Northumberland After Irmenrike followed his sonne Ethelberte in rule ouer the Kentishe Saxons This Ethelberte in processe of tyme grewe to be a mightie prince but yet in the beginnyng of his reign he had but sory successe against some of his enimies H. Hunt â—…lias VViâ—…â—…asdâ—… for hauing to do with the forsaid Chevlyng king of Westsaxons he was of hym ouercome in battaile at Wilbasdowne where he lost two of his dukes or chiefe Captaines beside other people This was the first battail that was foughten betwixte the Saxons one againste an other within this land after their first comming into the same And this chaunced in the yeare of of our Lorde .567 being the seconde yeare of the Emperour Iustinus ABoute the yeare .570 Cutha the brother of king Chevlyng foughte with the Brytons at Bedforde and ouercame them 570. Cutha â–ª Alesbuyâ—… â–ª 581. and tooke from them foure townes Liganbrough Eglesbroughe or Aylesburye Besington and Euessham Also about the yeare of our Lorde .581 the foresayde King Cheuling encountred with the Britaynes at a place called Dyorth and obteyning the vpper hand tooke from them the Cities of Bathe Gloucester and Cirenâ—…eester At this battayle fought at Dyorth were presente three kyngs of the Britons whose names were these Coinmagill Candidan and Farimnagill the whiche were slayne there through the permission of almightie God as then refusing his people the which through their heynous sinnes and great wickednesse had most greuously offended his hygh and diuine Maiestie as by Gildas it may euidently appeare for they hadde declined from the lawes of the Lorde and were become abhominable in his sight euen from the Prince to the poore man from the Priest to the Leuite so that not one estate amongst them walked vprightley but contrarie to duetie was gone astraye by reason whereof the rightuous God had giuen them ouer as a pray to their enimyes Also in the latter ende of Malgos dayes or about the first beginning of the reigne of his successour Careticus His brother as Math. VVest â—â—th Chevling and his sonne Cutwyne fought with the Brytons at a place called Fechanley or Fedanley or as some bookes haue Frithenlye H. Hunt where Cutwyn was slayne and the Englishemen chased but yet Chevling repairing his armie wan the victorie and chased the Britons Mat. VVest and tooke from them many countreys and wan great riches by the spoyle â–ª But Math. Westm sayth that the victorie aboade with the Britons and that the Saxons were chased quite out of the fielde The Scottishe writers recorde that their king Aydan was there in ayde of the Brytons and Brudeus kyng of the Pictes in ayde of the Saxons but the same writers name the place Deglaston where this battayle was foughte The beginning of the kingdome of Mercia Crida ABoute the same time also and .585 of Christ Hen. Hunt This kingdom began in the yeare 585. as Math. VVest hath the kingdome of Mercie began vnder one Crida that was desceÌ„ded from â—…en and the tenth from him by lineall extraction Ran. Cest The boundes of this kingdom were of great distance hauing on the east the sea vnto Humber and so on the North the sayde riuer of Humber and after the ryuer of Mercie whiche falleth into the weast sea at the corner of Wyrhall and so comming aboute to the ryuer of Dee that passeth by Chester the same ryuer bounded it on the Weast from Wales and likewyse Seuerne vp to Bristow on the south is had the ryuer of Thames til it came almost to London And in this sort it conteyned Lincolneshire Notinghamshire Derbyshire Cheâ—…shyre Shropshire Worcetershire Gloucetershire Oxfordshire Buckinghamshire Hertefordshire Bedfordshire Huntingtonshire Northamptonshire Leycestershire and Warwikeshire Thus haue ye heard how the Saxons in â—…roces of tyme remouing the Britons out of their seates daylye wanne grounde of them till at length they got possession of the best part of this Isle and erected within the same seuen kingdomes whiche were gouerned by seauen seuerall kings which continued vntill at length the kinges of WestsaxoÌ„ brought them al into one Monarchie as after shal appere Mat. Westm reckneth .viij. kingdomes as thus The kingdome of Kent the kingdome of Sussex the kingdome of Essex the kingdom of Eastangle the kingdome of Mercia the kyngdome of Weastsex and the kyngdome of Northumberlande whyche was diuided into two kyngdomes that is to wit into Deira and into Beâ—… wherevnto Harison addeth the nynth in the first part of his chronologie and calleth it Wales Careticus or Caretius K. of Britaâ—…n AFter that Malgo or Maglocune was departed this lyfe Careticus one Careticus or as some write hym Caretius was made Kyng of the Britons and began his Reigne in the yeare of our Lorde .586 whiche was in the thyrde yeare of the Emperoure Mauritius and thirteenth of
this Aulafe is not that Aulafe whiche was sonne to King Sithricke but rather that the other was hee with whome Kyng Edmond made partition of the Realme but they agree that this seconde Aulafe was a Dane also and being conuerted to the faith as well through constrainte of the Kyngs puissance as through the Preaching of the Gospell was Baptised Kyng Edmonde beeyng Godfather both to him and to the foresayde Reignolde to Aulafe at the fontstone and to Reignolde at his confirmation at the Bishoppes handes But their wicked natures coulde not rest in quiet so that they brake bothe promise to GOD and to theyr prince 944 Simon Dun. and were therefore in the yeare nexte followyng dryuen bothe out of the countrey and punished by perpetuall exile And so K. Edmond adioyned Northumberlande without admitting any other immediate gouernor vnto his own estate Leolin Kyng of South-Wales ayded K Edmonde in this enterprise 946 Moreouer he wasted spoiled whole Cumberland bycause he could not reduce y e people of that countrey vnto due obeysance and coÌ„formable subiection The two sonnes of Dunmaile K. of that prouince hee apprehended and caused their eyes to be put out And herewith vppon consideration eyther of suche ayde as he had receiued of y e Scottes at that time or some other friendly respect he assigned the saide countrey of Cumberlande vnto Malcolme K. of Scottes to hold the same by fealtie of him and his successors The Scottishe Chronicles peruerting the tyme and order of the actes and doings of the Englishe kings whiche raigned about this season affirme that by couenauntes of peace concluded betwixte Malcolme King of Scotlande and Adelstane King of England it was agreed that Cumberlande shoulde remayne to the Scottes as in their Chronicles you may finde at full expressed And again that Indulfe who succeeded Malcolme in the Kingdome of Scotland ayded K. Edmonde against Aulafe whome y e same Chronicles name Aualassus but the time which they attribute vnto the raignes of their Kings will not allow the same to stand For by accompt of their writers King Malcolme began not his raigne till after the decesse of King Adelstane who departed thys life in the yere 9â—…0 And Malcolme succeded CoÌ„stantine the third in the yere .944 which was about the third yeare of Kyng Edmonds raigne and after Malcolme that raigned .xv. yeares succeeded Indulfe in the yeare .959 The like discordance preceedeth and foloweth in their writers as to the diligent Reader in conferring their Chronicles w t ours it manifestly appeareth We therefore to satisfie the desirous to vnderstande see the diuersitie of writers haue for the more part in their Chronicles left the same as we haue found it Polidor The lawes of K. Edmonde But now to the other doings of K. Edmond it is recorded that hee ordeyned diuerse good and wholesome lawes very profitable and necessary for the common wealth whiche lawes with dyuerse other of like antiquitie are forgot and blotted out by rust of time the consumer of thynges worthy of loÌ„g remembrance as sayth Polidore but sithence his time they haue bin recouered for the more part and by master William Lambert turned into Latyne were imprinted by Iohn Day in the yeare .1568 as before I haue sayde Fiue yeres and seuen monethes hath St. Dun. Finally this Prince K. Edmond after he had raigned sixe yeres and a halfe he came to his end by great misfortune for as some say it chanced that espying where one of his seruauntes was in daunger to bee slayne amongst his enimies that were about him with drawen swords as he stepped in to haue holpen his seruante he was slayne at a place called Pulcher Church Prideciâ—…e hath Si. Dâ—â— VVil. Mâ—â— Math. VVâ—â— 946 or as other haue Michelsbourgh Other say that keeping a great feast at the aforesayde place on the day of Saint Augustine the English Apostle which is the .26 of May and as that yeare came about it fell on the tewsday as hee was set at the table he espyed where a common robber was placed neere vnto him whome sometime he had banished the land and now being returned without licence he presumed to come into the kings presence wherwith the King was so moued with high disdaine that he suddaynely rose from the table and flew vpon the Theefe and catching him by the heare of the head threwe him vnder his feete wherewith the theefe hauing fast holde on the King broughte him downe vppon him also and with his knyfe stroke him into the belly in suche wise that the Kings bowels fell out of his chest and there presently dyed the theefe was hewen in peeces by the Kings seruauntes but yet he slewe and hurt diuers before they coulde dispatch him Thys chance was lamentable namely to the Englishe people whiche by the ouertimely deathe of theyr King in whome appeared many euident tokens of great excellencie lost the hope whiche they had conceiued of great wealth to encrease by his prudent and most princely gouernemente His body was buried at Glastenbury where Dunstan was then Abbot There be that write that the death of King Edmonde was signified aforehande to Dunstane who about the same time attendyng vppon the same Kyng Capgraâ—…e as hee remooued from one place to an other chanced to accompany hymselfe with a noble man one Duke Elstane A vayne tale and as they rode togither beholde suddaynely Dunstane sawe in the way before hym where the Kings Musitions rode the Deuill running and leaping amongst the same Musitions after a reioycing manner whome after hee had behelde a good while he said to the Duke is it possible that you may see that whiche I do see and the Duke aunswered he sawe nothing otherwise than hee ought to see Then saide Dunstane Crossing bringeth fight of the Deâ—…ies and crossing driueth them away blesse youre eyes with the signe of the crosse and trie whether you can see that I see And when hee hadde done as Dunstane appoynted hym hee sawe also the Fende in likenesse of a little short euill fauoured Ethyopian daunsing and leaping whereby they gathered that some euill happe was towardes some of the company But when they had crossed and blessed them the foule Spirit vanished out of their sight And after they had talked of this vision Dunstan as interpretor of dreames and made an end of their talke touching the same y e Duke required of Dunstane to interpret a dreame which he had of late in sleepe and that was this he thought that he sawe in vision the King with all his Nobles sit in hys dining chamber at meate and as they were therewith making merry togither the K. chanced to fall into a dead sleepe and all the Noble men and those of his counsell that were aboute him were changed into Roobuckes and Goates Dustan quickly declared that this dreame signified the Kings deathe and the chaunging of the Nobles into dumb and insensible beastes
report of his malitious practises to bryng hymselfe and hys sonnes to the chiefe seate of gouernemente in the Kingdome or that of hatred such slaunders were reysed of him it may of some perhappes be doubted bycause that in the dayes of King Edwarde whiche was a soft and gentle Prince hee bare greate rule and authoritie and so mighte procure to himselfe euill report for euery thing that chanced amisse as oftentimes it commeth to passe in suche cases where those that haue greate doyngs in the gouernemente of the common wealthe are commonly euill spoken of and that now and theÌ„ without their gilt But truth it is that Goodwin beeing in authoritie both in the dayes of K. Edward and his predecessors did many thyngs as should appeare by Writers more by will than by law Hen. Hunt and so likewise did his sonnes vpo presumption of the great puissance that they and theyr father were of within the Realme Hee had to wife the sister of K. Cnute Editha of whome hee begate three sonnes as some write that is to saye Polidor Harrolde Biorne and Tostie also his daughter Editha the which he found meanes to bestowe in marriage vpon King Edward as before ye haue heard But other write VVil. Malm. that he had but one sonne by Cnutes sister the whiche in riding of a rough Horse was throwen into the Riuer of Thames and so drowned His mother also was striken with a thunderbolte and so perished worthely as is reported for hir naughty doyings She vsed to buy great numbers of yong persons and namely maides that were of any excellencie in beutie and personage y t which she sent ouer into Denmarke and there sold them to hir most aduantage After hir decesse as the same authours record Goodwin married another woman by whome he had issue sixe sonnes Suanus or Swayne Harrolde Tostie or Tosto Wilnote Gurth and Leofricke of them mention is and shall be further made as places conuenient shall serue thereto Shortly after in the yeare .1057 Aldred Bishop of Worceter was sente ouer vnto the Emperoure Henry the third to fetche Edwarde the sonne of Edmund Ironside into EnglaÌ„d whom King Edwarde was desirous to see meaning to ordeyne him heire apparante to the Crowne but he died the same yere after he was now returned into England Edward the outlaw departed this life This Edward was surnamed the outlawe his body was buryed at Westminster or as other say in y e Church of Saint Paule within London 1056 Leofricke Erle of Chester departed this life Ran. Higd. Mat. VVest The same yeare that is to witte in the seuenteenth or in the sixtenth yeare of King Edwards raigne as some write Leofricke the noble Earle of Chester or Mercia that was sonne to Duke Leofwine departed this life in his owne Towne of Bromeley the last day of August and was buried at Couentrie in the Abbey there which he had builded This Earle Leofricke was a man of greate honor wise and discret in all his doyngs His high wisedome and policie stoode the Realm in great steede whilest he liued He had a noble Lady to his wife named Gudwina at whose earnest sute he made the Citie of Couentrie free of all manner tolle Couentrie made free of tolle and custome except for Horses and to haue that tolle layde downe also his foresaide Wife rode naked through the middest of the Towne without other couerture saue only hir heare Moreouer partly â–ª moued by his owne deuotion and partly by the perswasion of that noble Lady his wife he builded or beneficially augmeÌ„ted and repared many Abbeyes and Churches as the saide Abbey or Priory at Couentrie the Abbeyes of Wenlocke Worceter Stone Eueshame and Leof beside Herford Also he buylded two Churches within the Citie of Chester Churches in Chester built the one called S. Iohns and the other Saint Werbrough The valew of y e iewels and ornaments which he bestowed on the Abbey Church of Couentrie was inestimable After Leofrickes death his sonne Algar was made Earle and entituled in all his landes and Seigniories In the yeare following to witte 1058. H. Hunt Algar Earle of Chester exiled the same Algar was accused again through malice of some enuious persons of treason so that he was exiled the land wherevppon he repared agayne vnto his old friend Griffin Prince of Northwales of whome hee was ioyfully receyued and shortly after by his ayde and also by the power of a nauie of Ships that by chaunce arriued in those parties at that selfe season vnlooked for out of Norway Sim. Dunel the said Algar recouered hys Earledome by force as some haue written King Edward about the twentith yere of his raine 1063 Sim. Dunel Math. VVest as then remayning at Glocester appoynted Earle Harrolde to inuade the Dominions of Griffin King of Wales Harrold taking with him a power of Horsemen made speed and came to Rutland and there brenned Griffins Palace and also his Shippes and then about midlent returned againe into England After this about the Rogation weeke Harrold eftsoones by the Kings commaundemente wente against the Welchmen and taking the Sea sayled by Bristowe round about the coast compassing in maner al Wales His brother Tostie that was Earle of Northumberland met him by appointment with an host of Horsemen and so ioyning togither Wales destroyed and harried by the Englishmâ—â— The Welchmen agree to pay their accustomed tribute they destroyed the countrey of Wales in suche sorte that the Welchmen were compelled to submit themselues to deliuer hostages and conditioned to pay the auntient tribute which before time they had payd And moreouer they renounced their Prince the forenamed Griffin so that he remayned as a banished person and finally about the fifth day of August they slewe him and sent his head to Earle Harrold 1064 VVil. Malm. Sim. Dunel Afterwards King Edward graunted y e rule of Wales vnto Blengent or Blethgent and Riuall Griffins two brethren whiche did homage vnto hym for the same and hadde serued vnder Harrold against their brother the foresaid Griffin There be that write that not onely Griffin but also another of his brethreÌ„ also called Rise was brought to his death by the manfull meanes and politike order of Earle Harrold VVil. Malm. and all the sauadge people of Wales reduced into the forme of good order vnder the subiection of King Edwarde Shortly after Harrold goeth ouer into Normandy Polidor Earle Harrolde chaunced to passe ouer into Normandy whether of happe or of purpose it is harde to define writers varry so much in report thereof Some write that he made earnest suite to King Edward to haue licence to goe ouer to see his brother Wilnote Edmerus and his nephewe Hacun which as yee haue heard were deliuered as pledges to Kyng Edwarde and sente into Normandy to remayne there with Duke William and at length with muche adoe gote leaue but yet he was told
but immediately thervppon two Pictishe horsemen running at Colgerme sideling wise bare him quite through Colgerme is runne through by his aduersaryes In the meane time Loth by meane of his strong haberioyne escaping without hurt was relieued by such as stood about him and restored againe to his companie but Colgerme being deade before he could be recouered from amongest the throng of his enimies his meÌ„ were so discomforted therwith The Saxons are put to flight that streight wayes thereupon they fell to running away The maine battaile of the Saxons being thus left bare on both sides began to giue backe which Arthure perceyuing the more earnestly pressed forth vpoÌ„ them so that in the end Occa being constrayned to flee Occa constrained to flee and receyuing a sore wound had much adâ—… to be conueyed away by some of his horsmen the Brytains pursued so fiercely vpon him At length being brought vnto the sea side he got vessels and escaped ouer into Germanie This victorie being thus atchieued constrayned the Saxons to yeeld vnto king Arthur Vpon what 〈◊〉 Arthure receyueth the Saxons vpoÌ„ their condition simply coÌ„mitting themselues vnto his mercie who of his clemencie was contented to pardon them of life and goodes vpon condition they woulde become christians and from thenceforth neuer after to make any warres vpoÌ„ their neighbors the Brytains Scots or Pictes But if they woulde not agree hereunto then leauing their goods armor and weapon behinde them they should auoyd the land and that within .xiij. days next ensuing Many of the Saxons that could get passage sayled ouer into Germanie Other feigning themselues to become Christians remayned in the lande loking one day for better happe and fortune Diuerse that were not able by meanes of pouertie to get away within the tyme appoynted and yet refusing to be christened were put to death according to the Proclamation set forth for the same purpose so that in comparison verie few amongst them receyued the Christian fayth sincerely and with a true meaning minde Things beeing thus quieted in Northumberland Arthure tooke order for the repayring of Churches abrode in the couÌ„trey Arthure causeth churches to be repaired which the Saxons had ouerthrowne or defaced namely in the Citie of Yorke he bestowed great cost where the cruell infidels had done muche hurt vpon Churches and other religious houses In the yeare following Arthure had newes how the Saxons which helde the I le of Wight ioining with the Kentish Saxons had don great displeasures vnto the Brytaynes on that syde of the Thames kylling and sleaing an huge number of them with great crueltie wherewyth being sore moued hee drewe towardes London with his armie Arthure purposeth to destroy the whole race of the Saxons in Albion purposing vtterly to destroy all the East and South Saxons sith otherwyse hee could not prouide for the surtie of his subiects being stil in daunger to be murthered and robbed so long as anye of that wicked generation of the Saxons remained here amongst them By meanes also of the league he had wyth him in this iourney ten thousand Pictes and as many Scottes Eugenius nephew to king Conran by his brother Congall being generall ouer the Scottes The opinion which men had conceyued of Mordred for his wit and towardlinesse and Mordred the sonne of King Loth by his wife Anne gouerned the Pictes a lusty yong gentleman very wittie and towardly in al his doings Furthermore Arthur vnderstanding what hurt rest and ease had done amongest his men of warre caused them to keepe the fielde in al this iourney and passing by London lodged them a little beside the riuer of Thames But he himselfe with some of his nobles entred into the citie causing supplications to be made vnto almightie God three days togither for good successe to folow against the Saxons On the fourth day hearing diuing seruice celebrated by the Bishop of London and causing a sermon to be made in the Market place he committed himselfe his whole armie vnto the tuition of Christ and his mother the virgin whose Image in steede of a badge Arthurs badge he bare on his shield continually from that day forward as diuerse heretofore haue written After this issuing forth of the citie Arthures exhortation to his people he willed al his men to be of good comfort as they that fought in a iust quarell agaynst Pagans and enimies of the fayth Mordred and his father in law Gawolane passed on before the battayles with fiue thousande horsemen and being come within fiue myles of the Saxons who likewise were assembled in campe An offer made by the Saxons vnto king Arthure there came from them vnto Arthur Ambassadors requiring him to stay his iorney for they were readie if they might haue libertie so to do to depart out of the lande with theyr goods and substance without further molesting the Brytains either by one meanes or other Arthur would neither consent hereunto nor yet graunt a truce for three dayes for the which they made earnest sute but bad them depart for that time only assuring theÌ„ that he woulde not come passing two miles forward for that day so that if they thought good they might returne to him in the morning and haue answere what the chiefest gouernors of his host thought touching their request by whom he woulde haue the matter more throughly debated In the meane time whylest the Brytaines were busied with hearing of these Ambassadors taking aduise what was best to do touching their demaund the Saxons marched forth with all speed The Saxons comming vpon Mordred and Gawolan put them with their people to the worse and coÌ„ming vpon Mordred and Gawolan at vnwares they gaue the onset freshly vpon them that very muche to the disaduauntage of the Brytains Pictes who notwithstanding through the earnest exhortation of their captains receyued their enimies right fiercely in doing that which was possible for so small a nuÌ„ber to do howbeit in the ende oppressed with multitude they were forced to flie and so did not resting till they came in sight of the whole armie In which flight Mordred and Gawolan by help of their soldiers being mouÌ„ted vpon their horses escaped without hurt though they lost no small number of their coÌ„panie as wel in the fight as in the chase The Saxons Ambassadors being not yet departed out of the British campe were herevpon stayed till the next morning and then had answere giuen them What answer the Saxons Embassadors had at Arthurs hands that from thenceforth the Brytaynes were not mynded to heare any messengers of the Saxons comming to intreate of peace sith it was manifest inough they ment nothing but falshoode as well appeared in that they had against the law of armes whilest their Ambassadors were in coÌ„municatioÌ„ distressed part of the British army and therfore they should assure theÌ„selues to haue at Arthures hands nothing but cruel war to the
Dowglasses The Lorde of CadÈow beeing in the towne of Striueling with a great companie of the Erle of Dowglasses friendes Striueling is burnt in reuenge of his death inconsistently burnt that towne and did many other great displeasures to the King and hys subiectes setting forth Proclamations agaynst the King and his Councell for the violating of the assurance graunted as before is sayde to the Earle of Dowglas Whereby the King was put so to his shiftes that hee was determined to haue left the Realme The king would haue fled and to haue fledde by Sea into Fraunce had not Iames Kenedre the Byshop of Saint Androwes caused him to stay on the hope he had of assystaunce onely by the Earle of Huntley whiche Erle hearing that the Dowglasses had gathered an armie in the South agaynste the King raysed another armie in the North to ayde the king On the other syde the Earle of Crawford hauing assembled a great power encountred him at Breithune in purpose to stoppe the Earle of Huntleys passage where betwixte them was fought a sore battayle and the Earle of Crawford chased into Fynnewyn so that many noble men gentlemen and commons were slaine and amongst other the Erle of Crawfordes brother was one Hector Boetius writeth Cullace of Bannamwin betrayeth the Erle of Crawford that Iohn Cullace of Bannamwin whom the Erle of Crawford had appointed to lead theÌ„ that bare y e battail Axes or as I may terme them the Bilmen in the left wing of his armie fled of purpose in the hotest of the fight and so left the middle ward naked on the one side of the chiefest ayde y t the said Erle had so the victorie by that meanes only inclined to the kings standard The Earle of Huntley victoreâ—… which the Earle of Huntley had there with him But howsoeuer it was the sayd Erle of Huntley had the honor of the fielde who neuerthelesse lost diuerse of his men also though nothing so many as his aduersaries did This battaile was fought the .xviij. of May being the Ascention day .1452 1452 The Earle of Huntly the same day before the battails ioyned gaue laÌ„ds to the principal men of those surnames that were with him as to y e Forbesses Leslies Iouings Ogilvies Grantes diuerse other Which bouÌ„tifulnes of the Erle made theÌ„ to fight more valiantly Landes giuen to the Erle of Huntley In recoÌ„pence wherof the king gaue to the said Erle the lands of Badzenot Lochquhaber The Earle of Murrey In the meane time Archbalde Dowglas Earle of Murrey brent the peâ—â—l of Straboggy perteyning to the Earle of Huntley and harried the lands there aboutes In reuenge whereof the Earle of Huntley at his returning backe brent and harried all the landes of the Earledome of Murrey In the meane time â–ª at a Parliament holden at Edenburgh The Earle of Crawford 〈…〉 ed. the Erle of Crawford was denounced a traytor and all his lands and goodes deceâ—â—ed â—o of forfeyted into the Kings hands Lâ—â—des cited 〈◊〉 â—ppeare Iames Earle of Dowglas Iames Lord Hammilton the Erles of Murrey and Ormont the Lord of Baluay and many other of that faction were by publike Proclamation made by an Herault commaunded to appeare by a day to vnderly the law but in the next night that folowed the day of this ProclamatioÌ„ certayne of the Dowglasses seruantes that were sent priuily to Edynburgh to vnderstande what was done ther Writings set 〈◊〉 coÌ„tempt 〈◊〉 the King fastned writings vpoÌ„ the Church dores sealed with the Dowglas his seale in this fourme The Earle from hencefoorth will neyther obey citation nor other commaundement Besyde this in the same writings they charged the King with many haynous crymes callyng hym a murtherer periured false and a bloudsucker The King therefore assembled an army and went foorth againste them but bycause the tyme of the yeere was contrary to his purpose he could do no great hurt to his enimies althogh he burnt vp their corne and droue away their cattell But the Dowglas seemed to passe little for the kings malice The Earle of Dowglas ma 〈…〉 th his brothers wife and the Earle himselfe married his brothers wife the Countesse Beatrice and sente to Rome for a licence to haue that marriage made lawfull but by the Kings agents in that Court â–ª the Earles suite might not be obteyned Neuerthelesse hee kepte hir still in place of his wife and continuing in Rebellion againste the King the nexte spring and for the more part of the whole tearme of two yeeres nexte ensewing he harried and spoyled the Kings possessions and the King on the other part wasted Annandale and all other the landes and possessions that belonged to the sayde Earle of Dowglas or his friendes but shortly after as the King passed through Angus to goe into the Northe partes of the Realme the Earle of Crawford came and submitted himselfe vnto him The Earle of Craâ—ford sub 〈…〉 eth hymselfe to the 〈◊〉 and is 〈…〉 oned crauing mercy in most humble and lamentable wise and obteyned the Kings pardon through mediation of Iames Kenedie Bishop of Saint Androwes and sir William Creichton but the saide Earle lyued not past sixe monethes after He departed 〈◊〉 life 1454 Parliament departing this life by force of a hote Agewe in the yeere .1454 The same yeere the King called a Parliament at Edynburgh in the whyche Iames Earle of Dowglas and his brothers wife the Countesse Beatrice whome hee hadde taken to him by way of a pretensed and fayned mariage Archbald Dowglas Erle of Murrey George Dowglas Earle of Ormont and Iohn Dowglas Baron of Baluay were forfalted and condeÌ„ned of Treason The Dowglasses forfalted or as I may say atteynted The Earledome of Murrey was giuen vnto sir Iames Creichton or rather restored to him froÌ„ whome it had bin wroÌ„gly taken by the vniust sentence of William Erle of Dowglas who had procured it to be assigned vnto his brother the foresaide Archebalde although the right remayned in the sayd sir Iames Creichton But yet when the sayd Sir Iames Creichton could not kepe that Earledome without enuy of diuers and sundry persons hee handled the matter so that shortly after it returned agayn to the kings hands Moreouer Creations of noble men at this Parliamente George Creichton was created Earle of Cathnes William Hay Conestable of ScotlaÌ„d was made Earle of Eâ—…alle Ther were also diuers erected Lordes of the Parliamente whose titles were as folow Darley Halis Boyd Lyle and Lorn After the breaking vp of the Parliament the King made a iourney against his aduersaries into Galloway and with small â—doe broughte all the Castels of that Countrey into his possession Dowglas dale giueÌ„ in spoile to the men of warre and then turning into Dowglas dale bycause the inhabitants â–ª thereof woulde not obey him hee abandoned the spoyle thereof vnto his souldiers who practised no small crueltie against the inhabitants Herevpon y
Sunday before Shrouetewsday being the eygth day of February as some write Iames Stewarde then Priour of Saint Androwes and Earle of Mar base brother to the Queene was made Earle of Murrey by the Queenes speciall gifte and was married the same daye vnto Agnis Keith daughter to the Earle Marshall wyth greate feastes and triumphe lastyng three dayes The Queene of England deâ—…s to â—…e wyth the Queene of Englande The Queene of Englande desirous to haue a meeting beetwixt hir the Queene of Scotts hir cousin sent dyuers messengers with letters desiring hir most instaÌ„tly to come vnto Yorke where shee woulde meete hir to talke wyth hir of dyuers matters that myght make to the confirmation of the amitie and friendeshippe whiche nature hadde knitte beetwixt them by coniunction and affinitie of bloud and after consultation hadde wyth hir counsell the Queene of Scottes agreed thereto and so they were appoynted to meete at Yorke in the Monethe of Iulye nexte followyng but when thyngs were prepared and put in a redinesse for the iourney the Queene of England sente worde to the Q. of Scottes The meeting â—…e was disappointed that shee coulde not keepe the appointemente made for theyr meeting desiring hir to haue hir excused for that time whyche message was accepted and so y e iourney stayed The Queene â—…e hir proâ—…e into the Northe partes of Scotlande Shortely after the Queene of Scotts tooke hir iourney towards the North partes of Scotland and sette from Striueling in the Moneth of August Aboute this tyme it chaunced that the lord Ogilwy and Iohn Gordon of Finnater sonne to the Earle of Huntley mette on the Calsey of Edenburgh fought â—…orde Ogilwy 〈◊〉 Iohn Gordon fight togither where after many blowes stripes gyuen and taken the Lorde Ogilwy and his companye were hurte wherefore Iohn Gordon was taken and putte in warde at the Tolbuith of Edenburgh out of whyche hee escaped 〈◊〉 Gordon â—…akes prysoÌ„ after he hadde remayned prisoner therein aboute twentye dayes and gotte his waye Northewarde wherevppon followed greate trouble shortely after to the house of Huntley The Queene accompanyed with y e Earles of Argile Murrey and Morton the Lord Erskin Iohn Gordon â—…mmoned 〈◊〉 the Q. and others passed forwarde in hir iourney towardes the Northe parte and caused Iohn Gordon of Finnater to bee sommoned to appeare and aunswere the lawe at Aberdine for breaking prison and hurting the L. Ogilwy The Queene comming to the Towne of Abirdine Gordon is accoÌ„panied with a greate companye was honorably receyued with dyuers Orations and Latine Enterludes before the Grammer schoole and Colledge The Earle of Huntley hearyng that hys son was thus sommoned assembled the principall Earles Lordes Barons and Gentlemenne of the Northe who came wyth hym to Aberdene to helpe his sonne at the lawe daye appointed for his appearaunce whyche was in September The Earle came to the Queene hymselfe and at length it was agreed Gordon is coÌ„maunded to Striueling Castell that his sonne the sayd Iohn Gordon should returne to prison againe in Striueling Castell there to remaine during the Queenes pleasure but hee followyng the euill counsell of some yong heades that were wyth hym Hee disobeyed neyther fulfilled the Queenes pleasure nor his fathers appointment but attempted to reuenge his extreame handling as he tooke it vpon the Earle of Murrey whome he put most in blame for the rigor shewed againste him but his enterprise tooke not effect and the Queene aduertised of his disobedience went not to Strabogy notwithstanding there was greate preparation made for hir in y e place for the receiuing of hir and hir trayne but shee wente vnto Balwany the Earle of Athols place and from theÌ„ce to Kinlos to Tarneway and so came to Inuerneis and there lodged In this meane while The Queene suspected the Earle of Huntley the Earle of Huntley purposing to attende on the Queene at Inuernes caused prouision to be made in the Castell for his lodging The Queene suspecting hys dealing least this shoulde bee done vppon some policie commaunded the keepers of the Castell to render the same to one of hir Herraultes but it was not deliuered till the nexte daye and therefore the Captayne of that Castell called Alexander Gordon for refusing to deliuer it AlexaÌ„der Gordon was haÌ„ged was hanged vpon the towne bridge The Lorde Gordon and his brother Iohn Gordon of Finnater came that night within a little space distant from the Towne of Inuerneis which caused great feare in the Towne so that there was a diligente watch all that night The Earle of Huntley beeing come to Kinlos and hearing that the Castell of Inuerneis was commaunded to be giuen vp to the handes of an Herrault sente with all diligence to the keepers that they should deliuer it and returned himselfe to Strathbogy The Queene remayned in Inuerneis the space of four or fyue dayes where the principal Captayne of the Clanis of the Countrey came to hir and with a greate company conueyd hir to Spyne where shee was enformed that the Erle of Huntley had gathered an army to come againste hir and made their assemble at Spey Herevppon they tooke wyth them all the artillerie ouer Spanye and carried the same in eartes and all other kynde of munition and past forwarde to Bamf that nighte The Earle of Huntley all this while came not forth of Strathbogy The Queene as shee passed forwarde rode to the place of Findlater and there in hir owne presence caused the keepers thereof to bee charged to deliuer it whyche they refused to doe From Bamf the Queene rode to the Lairde of Geychtis place called Geicht and the nexte daye She came vnto Aberdyne there was greate preparation for hir entrie into the newe Towne of Aberdene She lodged one night in the Bishops palace and the next daye shee was honorably receyued and lodged in the Prouosts house of the towne where she remayned all the tyme of hir abode in Aberdene After this the Lorde Iohn Prior of Coldingham The Earle of Huntley is seÌ„te for with dyuers Gentlemenne was sente agaynste the Earle of Huntley to Strathbogy but hee was escaped before they approched The Ladye Huntley receyued them verye courteously and gaue them good enterteynement and so they returned There was charge giuen to Louthian Fiffe Angus Stratherne the Mernis and to the Shire of Abiedene to come to Aberdene quarterly euerye Countrey to remayne there a fifteene dayes and so they dyd duryng the time of hir abiding there The Earle of Huntley sente hys wife in message to the Queene and Counsell The Ladye Huntley is seÌ„te vnto the Q but shee was not admitted to come wythin a mile of them but commaunded to retourne After thys hee sente a Minister offering to enter in warde vntill his cause mighte be tried by the whole nobilitie but this was refused In the meane time all the principall of the Gordons that were landed men
betwixte Saint Megrine and Buteuille where he ouercame theÌ„ Here I haue thought good to aduertise y e Readâ—â— that these men of warre whiche I haue generally in this parte of this booke named Brabanders we finde them writteÌ„ in olde copies diuersly as Brebazones Brebanceni and Brebationes the whiche for so muche as I haue found them by the learned translated Brabanders and that the French word somewhat yeeldeth thereto I haue likewise so named them wherein whether I haue erred or not I must submitte mine opinion to the learned and skilful searchers of such poynts of antiquities For to confesse in playne truth myne ignorance or rather vnresolued doubt herein I can not satisfie my selfe with any thing that I haue red wherby to assure my coniecture what to make of them although verily it may be and the likelyhood is great that the Brabanders in those dayes for their trayned skill and vsuall practise in warlike feates wanne themselues a name wherby not only those that were naturally borne in Brabant but such other also which serued amongst them or else vsed the same warlike furniture order trade and discipline which was in vse among them passed in that age vnder the name of Brabanders eyther else must I thinke that by reason of some odde manner habite or other speciall cause some certayne kind of souldiers purchased to themselues the priuiledge of that name so to be called Brabanceni or Brebationes whether ye will as hath chanced to the Lansquenetz and Reisters in our time and likewise to the companioÌ„s Arminaes and Escorchers in the dayes of our forefathers and as in al ages likewise it hath fortuned amongst men of war which if it so chanced to these Brabanceni I know not then what countrymen to make them for as I remember Marchades that was a chiefe leader of such souldiers as were known by y e name as after ye shall heare is reported by some aucthours to be a Prouancois It should seeme also y t they were called by other names as y e Rowtes in Latine Ruptarij which name whether it came of a Frenche word as ye would say some vnruly and headestronge company or of the Teâ—…iche worde Rutters that signifieth a Rider I cannot say But it may suffice for the course of y e historie to vnderstand that they were a kind of hired souldiers in those dayes highely esteemed and no lesse feared in so muche that agaynst them and other ther was an article coÌ„tayned amoÌ„g y e decrees of y e Laterane councell holdeÌ„ at Rome in y e yere .1179 wherby al those wer to be denouÌ„ced accursed whiche did hire maintain and otherwise nourish those Brebationes Aragonois Nauarrois Basques VVi. Paruâ—â— lib. 3. cap. 3. and Coterelles whiche did so muche hurte in the Christian world in those dayes But nowe to returne where we left to Earle Richarde beside the foremeÌ„tioned victory against those Brabanders if we shall so take them Hee vanquished also Hamerike the vicount of Lymoges and William Earle of Angolesme with the vicounts of Ventadore and Cambanays whiche attempted rebellion against him but Earle Richard subdued theÌ„ and tooke them prisoners with dyuers Castels and strong holdes which they had fortified The departure of 〈◊〉 Legate forth of the Realme About the feast of Peter and Paule the Legate departed forthe of the realme of whom we finde that as he graunted to the King some liberties against the priuiledges whiche y e Clergie pretended to haue a right vnto Liberties obteyned for Churchmen so he obteined of the king certain graunts in fauour of them and their order as thus Firste that for no offence crime or transgression any spirituall person shuld be brought before a Temporall Iudge personally excepte for hunting or for some lay fee for y e which some temporall seruice was due to bee yeelded eyther to the King or some other that was chiefe Lorde thereof Secondly that no Archbishoppes See nor Bishoppes See nor any Abbathie should be kept in the Kings handes more than one yeare excepte vppon some euidente cause or necessitie constreyning Thirdly it was graunted that suche as slewe any spirituall person and were of suche offence conuict eyther by euidence or confession before the Iustice of the Realme in presence of the Bishop they should be punished as the Temporall lawe in suche cases required Fourthly y e spirituall men should not be compelled to fight in listes for the triall of any matter or cause whatsoeuer It shuld appeare by Nicholas Triuet Nic. Triuet y t the Archebishop of Canterbury procured the bishops of Winchester Elie and Norwiche three Prelates highely at that present in y e Kings fauour to further these grauntes namely that suche as slew any prieste or spirituall person might haue the lawe for it wher before there was no punishemeÌ„t for a season vsed against such offeÌ„dors but onely excommunication But nowe to leaue priestes we will passe to other matters The yong Kâ—… beginneth new practiâ—â— againste his father In this meane time King Henry y e sonne remaining in Normandie beganne to deuise newe practises howe to remoue his father from the gouernement and to take it to him selfe but one of his seruants named Adam de Chirehedune beyng of his secret Counsell aduertised King Henry the father therof for the whiche his master King Henry the son put him to greate shame and rebuke causing hym to be stripped naked and whipped round about the streetes of the Citie of Poicters Rog. Hoâ—â—â— where hee then was vpon his returne from his brother Erle Richard with whome hee hadde bin to ayde hym against his enimies But the father perceyuing the naughty mind of his sonne not to ceasse from hys wilfull maliciousnesse thoughte to dissemble all things sith he saw no hope of amendment in him but yet to be prouided against his wicked atteÌ„pts hee furnished all his fortresses both in Englande and in Normandy with strong garnisons of men and all necessary munition about whyche time the sea rose on suche height that many men were drowned thereby Also a great Snowe fell this yeare whiche by reason of the hard frost that chaunced therewith continued long withoute wasting away so that fishes both in the sea and fresh water dyed through sharpnesse and vehemencie of that Frost neyther could husbandmen till the ground Ther chaunced also a sore Eclipse of the sonne the sixth Ides of Ianuary The Monastery of Westwood or Lesnos was begun to bee founded by Richard de Lucy Lord chiefe Iustice The same yeare at Wodstocke the King made hys sonne the Lord Geffrey Knight â—…og Houe 1177 Also in the yeare .1177 King Henry helde hys Christmas at Northampton with hys two sons Geffrey and Iohn his other two sonnes the yong King Henry and Richarde Earle of Poictowe were in the parties of beyond the sea as the Kyng in Normandy and the Earle in Gascoigne The Citie of Aques or Aâ—…gues where hee besieged the Citie of
Realme but not all notwithstanding hee couenaunted to make deliuerie of the residue which yet remained in the hands of them whome hee had appoynted to the keeping of the same And for assurance of that couenaunt to be performed before he departed the Realme hee deliuered his breethren and one that was hys Chamberlayne to remayne with the Lords as hostages And this done hee hasted to Caunterbury where he promised to receyue the Crosse of a Pilgrime to goe into the holy lande and to render vp the Crosse of hys Legateship whiche he had vsurped a yeare and a halfe after the death of Pope Clemente to y e preiudice of the Churche of Rome and to the detrimente and greate hinderaunce of the Englishe Church â—…e print of 〈◊〉 Legates â—…osle for ther was not any one Church within the Realme whyche hadde not bin put to fyne and Raunsome by that Crosse nor any ecclesiasticall person went free but the print of y e Crosse appeared in him and his purse From Caunterbury he getteth hym to Douer vnto his brother in law and fynally seekyng meanes to passe ouer into Fraunce and doubting to be discouered he apparrelled himselfe in womans rayment The Bishop of Elie late Lord Chancellor disguiseth himselfe in womans apparrell got a webbe of cloth on his arme as though he hadde bene some huswifely woman of the countrey but by the vntowardly folding vncuÌ„ning handling of his cloth or rather by a lewde fisherman that tooke him for an harlotte hee was susspected and searched so narrowly He is bewraid that by hys priuy members he was prooued to be a man and at length knowen attached and committed to prison after hee hadde bene reprochfully handled by them that founde hym and by the Wiues of the Towne in suche vnseemely apparrell Earle not the Bishops friend Earle Iohn woulde haue hadde hym punished and putte to some open reproofe for hys passed tyrannicall doyngs but the Byshoppes and other of the Barons for reuerence of hys order procured hys delyueraunce with licence to passe ouer into Normandy where hee was borne Thus was the Bishoppe of Elie deposed from hys office of being Chauncellour and not withoute warrant for in very deede Mat. Par. King Richarde hauing receyued aduertisementes from the Lordes and Peeres of the Realme of the Chauncellors presumptuous and hautie demeanor with wrongs offered to dyuers persons wrote to them agayne in this wise RIcharde Kyng of Englande sendeth greetyng to William Marshall to Gilberte Fitz Peter and Henry Berdulfe and to William Brewer Peeres If it so chaunce that oure Chauncelloure hathe not faythfully handled the affayres and businesse of oure Realme committed vnto hym by the aduice and councell of you and other to whom wee haue haue also assigned the charge of gouernemente of the same Realme wee commaund you that according to youre disposition in all things to bee done concerning the gouernemente thereof you order and dispose as well for eschetes as all other things c. By force of this commission the Lords were the boldeâ—… to proceede againste hym as ye haue heard The Bishop of Earle compleyneth of hys wrongs receyued After his comming into the parties of beyonde the Seas he ceassed not with letters and messengers to present his complainte to the Pope of Rome and to King Richarde of the iniuries receyued at the hands of Earle Iohn and his complices The Popes letters vnto the Archbishop and Bishops of Englande And heerevpoÌ„ Pope Celestine wrote indeede to all the Archbishops and Byshops that were within the Realme of England in behalfe of the sayd Bishop of Elie declaryng that for as much as the King of Englande was gone into the holy lande to warre against the enimies of oure faythe leauyng hys Kyngdome vnder the protection of the Apostolyke See hee coulde not but haue speciall regard to see that the state rightes and honor thereof were preserued from all daunger of decay Note how the Pope defendeth hys Chapleynes wherevppon vnderstanding that there had bene certayne attemptes made by Iohn Earle of Mortaigne and others both againste the King and the Bishop of Elie that was not onely Legate of the Apostolyke See â–ª but also gouernoure of the land appoynted by the King â–ª whyche attempte sounded greatly to the reproche of the Churche of Rome and danger of domage to ensue to Kyng Richard if remedie were not the sooner founde wherefore he commaunded them by vertue of their obedience to excommunicate the Earle of Mortaigne or any other that was knowen to haue layde any violent hands vppon the sayde Bishoppe of Ely or deteyned him as Captâ—…ne or enforced hym to any othe or else had chaunged the state of rule in the Kingdome of England to other forme than Kyng Richarde had ordeyned at his setting forwarde towards the holy land and that not only all the councellors auctors ayders and complices of those that had committed such outrage but also theyr landes should stande interdited so that no deuine seruice shoulde be vsed within precinct of the same except pennaunce and Christning of Infants This to remayne till the sayde Byshop and Kyngdome were restored into the former estate and that the parties excommunicated shuld present themselues with letters from the Bishops vnto the Apostolike See to be assoyled c. Heerevppon also the Bishop of Ely himselfe wrote vnto the Byshop of Lincolne and other touchyng this matter but the Bishoppes did neyther anye thing in accomplishment of the effect of y e Popes letters nor at his owne contemplatioÌ„ And therfore perceyuing small help to come that way hee soughte to obteyne the fauor and friendshippe of Earle Iohn and of his mother Quene Eleanor In the meane time the Lords Barons and Prelates of the Realme after they had depriued hym of all authoritie and banished him soorthe of the lande they ordeyned the Archbishop of Rouen in fauour of the Kings commission The Arâ—…shop of 〈◊〉 chiefe gâ—…nour of Eâ—… lande to haue y e chiefe rule and administration of things touchyng all the affayres of the common wealth but yet so as Earle Iohn had the doings in many poyntes so that he might seeme in manner as associate with him whereof sprang muche inconuenience For this Iohn beeing a man as hee is noted by some writers of an ambitious nature was suspected to aspire vnto the Kyngdome In so much that hee had ioyned with the French King after the same King was returned forth of the holy land against his brother Kyng Richard if his mother Quene Eleanor hadde not perswaded him to the contrary Whilest these things were a doyng Râ—…g Hâ—… VVil Pâ—… Fiftâ—…eâ—… Functiâ—… other agâ—… with Hâ—… as Gerâ—… Meâ—…cuâ—…â—…ting Altâ—…cus a 〈◊〉 on the twelfth day of Iuly the Citie of Acres was surrendred into the Christian mens handes for the Soldan Saladine beeyng approched neere to the siege of the Christians with a puissaunte Army in hope to haue reysed theyr siege when hee perceyued
namely on the eighte day of February at Grauntham in Lincolneshire where there chaunced beside the thunder suche a stinke and filthie sauour to followe in the Churche that the people fledde out for that they were not able to abide it Likewise in the daye of the exaltation of the Crosse a generall thunder happened throughe the Realme and thereof folowed a continuall season of fowle weather and wet till Candelmas nexte after which caused a dearth of corn Great dearth of corne so as wheate was solde at twelue shillings the quarter Likewise on the day of Saint Andrew an other terrible tempeste of thunder happened through the Realme An other tempest of thunder throwing downe and shaking buildings in many places in so much that at Pillerdeston in Warwikeshire Polidore in a knights house the Ladie thereof and .vj. other persones were destroyd by the same and a Turbary therby compassed aboute wyth water and matresse was so dried vp that neyther grasse nor mire remained after which ensued an Earthe quake Moreouer on the euen of saint Lucy a mightie winde raged whiche did muche hurte in sundry places of the Realme Furthermore aboute this time there appeared in Englande a wonderfull Comet or blasing starre A Comete or blasing starre The sea also rose with higher tides and springs than it had bin accustomed to doe Math. Paris The king of Ierusalem coÌ„meth into Englands In thys season also Iohn de Brenne king of Ierusalem and the Lorde greate maister of the Knightes Hospitallers came into Englande where they were honourably receyued of King Henrye and liberally rewarded The cause of their comming was to require ayde of the king for the recouery of the holy lande out of the possession of the Sarazins In like maner aboute the same time Leolin Prince of Northwales with certein Englishe Lordes as Hugh Lacy and others vpon an hatred whiche they bare towardes king Henry for his fathers sake supposing that so euill a stocke as they tooke him to be coulde not bring forthe any good braÌ„ch sought by open warres to bring William Marshall Earle of Pembroke and other Barons that wer faithfull friendes to the king vnto their purpose but the whole Country risinge against them they were disappointed to their owne confusion so that they coulde neuer bring that to passe whiche they so earnestly intended Moreouer King Henry sent other ambassadoures to Rome who purchased a Bull of the Pope wherby hee was adiudged to be of age sufficient to receyue the gouernmeÌ„t of the kingdome of England into his owne handes therby to order and dispose al things at his plesure and by the aduise of suche councellers as hee shoulde elect and chose to be aboute him Wheruppon after the sayde ambassadoures wer returned all those Erles Barons and nobles whiche helde any castelles honors manors or places apperteining to the king were commaunded to deliuer and resigne the same to his vse whiche caused muche trouble as after shall appeare for dyuers noble men whose hartes were filled with couetousnes woulde not obey the Popes order herein but sore repined yet not to muche againste the Kyng as againste the Lewâ—… Huâ—… de Burghe by whose counsell the king 〈◊〉 moste ledde and â—…iled And therfore they did put hym in all the blame as one that shulde set the king againste them and stay him front suffering them to inioye thâ—…se libertyes An. reg 8. whyche they from tyme to tyme so muche laboured to â—…ant had to them granted conflemed Vpon this â—…tion therefore Polidor The king gyueth a gentle ansvvere to his Lordes they â—…ued to the Kyng for the restitution of the auncient lawes according to his promyse who to pacifie them for the tyme gaue them a gentle answere assuring them that hee woulde perfourme all that he had promysed so soone as opportunitie woulde permit and suffer hym so to doe Howebeit afterwardes by the aduise of certayne olde counsellours which has bene of the priuy counsell with Kyng Iohn his father he founde a shift to disappoynt them of theyr demaundes by requyring them on the other side to restore vnto hym those things whiche they had in tymes past receiued of his auncetors Furthermore bicause he would the more easily obteyne his purpose and make the residue afraide to followe a suite so displeasaunte and yrkesome he thoughte beste to beginne wyth the chiefe auctors and firste procurers of the sayd petitions and to take from them whatsoeuer they helde belonging to his crowne Hereuppon therfore assembling a greate power aboute hym 1224. The kyng demaundeth restitution of parcels of inheritance belonging to the crovvne he demaunded of Ranulphe Earle of Chester the restitution of certayne Lordeshippes whiche aunciently appertained to the Crowne of the Realme whiche Earle not being as then able to resist readyly obeyed the Kyngs pleasure and resigned them all By this entraunce of the Kyng into the execution of his purpose diuers of the rest of the Barons were brought into suche feare that they were contented also to doe the like so that by this meanes the Lordes being cut shorte and weakened in power surceased as then from molesting the Kyng any further with the demaunde of other landes or liberties The Archebishop of Canterbury also threatned them with the darte of excommunication if they wente aboute to disquyet the Realme with any ciuile commotions thoughe no man was more desyrous to haue that matter goe forwarde than hee as appeared by his diligent trauaile therin hoping as now in short processe of tyme and that by curteouse meanes to perswade the King to his purpose but the Kyng droue hym off with fayre wordes and mynded nothing lesse than to alter any one of the lawes whiche he knewe to be profytable to hym selfe and his successoures after hym Wherevppon diuers myslykyng hys dealyng herein withdrewe themselues secretly some into one place and some into an other to the intent they might auoyde the dayely syghte of suche abuses as they for the moste parte coulde not well abide to heare Whilest King Henry thus politikely prouideth for his affaires at home Sauary de Manleon maketh prouisyon in Guyenne to withstande such perils and dangers as he saw moste lykely to ensue by the practises of the Frenchemenne But as hee was moste busily occupyed aboute the purueyaunce of suche thynges as shoulde bee verye necessarye for his dooyngs there sprang a greate dyssention beetwixte hym and Wyllyam the Earle of Salisburye Discorde betvvixt Sauary de Mauleon and the Earle of Salisbury who was sente ouer into that Countreye with Commission to surueye the state thereof and by coloure of the same Commission tooke vpon hym to order all thyngs at his owne pleasure Whereas the foresayde Sauarye de Mauleon being a man of highe parentage in those parties where hee was borne iudged it to be a matter nothyng standyng wyth his honour that an other man shoulde order thyngs at his will and commaundement wythin the Countrey
he would not agree to any longer truce for that when diuers times at the Frenchmens sute he had consented to haue truce by mediation of two Cardinals sent to hym about the same matter his aduersaries in y e meane time whilest suche truces endured haue done much harme and damage by subtill practises to persons and places beyond the sea that were vnder his rule and gouernemente yet he saide hee would deliberate heereof with his counsell and after intimate his pleasure to the Pope and to them of Fraunce by messengers which he woulde sende ouer for that purpose and so these Ambassadors within foure dayes after their commyng were thus dispatched with aunswere Herewith in this Parliamente it was ordeyned that the Prince of Wales beeing as then about foure and twentie yeares of age shoulde passe ouer into Gascoigne and haue with him a thousande men of armes and two thousande archers with a great number of Welchmen Aboute the same time R. Auesb A nauie prepared the K. caused 40. ships to be prouided rigged and made ready at Rutherhive furnished with vittailes for one quarter of a yere and euery of y e sayd ships had principall streamers of the Duke of Lācasters armes who was appoynted with a greate power of chosen men of armes and archers to passe to the Sea w t the same Shippes but fewe or none of his company knewe whither horses they hadde none The Duke of Lancaster He had with him two of the Kings sonnes Lionell of Andwerpe and Iohn of Gant the elder of thē being about 16. yeares of age Also there wente with him the Earles of Northampton March Stafford beside many lords Barōs knightes The 10. of Iuly he made sayle to Greenewich there and at Sandwich he stayed till y e Assumption of our Lady y e winde for y e most parte continuing al that while at West and South contrary to his iourney as it mighte appeare At length with muche difficultie he came to Winchelsee and after to the wight It was thought that the Dukes purpose was to passe into Normandy to ioine with y e K. of Nauarre who was at variance with the frenche K. But after it was knowen by espials that they were made friendes the Duke of Lancaster doubting crooked measures hauing with him no horsemen returned home without further attempt Record Tur. On S. Kenelmes day beeing friday and the 17. of Iuly master Humfrey Cherleton professor of Diuinitie and Iohn Carleton y e yonger doctor of the lawes on the behalfe of the Vniuersitie of Oxford and Iohn Saint Frideswide Maior Iohn Bedeford and Iohn Norton burgesses of the sayde towne of Oxforde on the behalfe of the communaltie of the same towne came before the Kinges counsell at Westminster in the counsell chamber there neere to the Eschecker where the allegations on both parties being hearde and vppon request made that it might please his maiesties counsell according to the submissions by bothe parties made vnto the King and to hys counsell to take order in the matter in controuersie betwixt them concerning the late tumulte and businesse whiche hadde chanced in the sayde towne by the disorder of the communaltie of the same in breaking downe and brenning vppe of houses in taking and bearing away the bookes and other goodes of the saide masters and Schollers and in committing other transgressions the counsell hauing consideration thereof to aduoyd the decaye that mighte haue ensued to the sayde towne The ende and awarde made of the quarrell betwixt the Vniuersitie and townesmen of Oxforde made thys ende betwixte them that the communaltie of the sayde Towne Iohn Bereforde beeing in the Kinges prison and Roberte Lardiner only excepted should be bound to pay vnto the said masters and Scholers dampnified in the sayde tumulte and businesse for amendes and reformation of iniuries and losses susteyned death and Maheme excepted two hundred and fiftie poundes beside the goodes taken and borne away to bee restored againe and this money to bee payde to the sayde Chancellor masters and Scholers on that side y e monday next before the feast of Saint Iames or else sufficiente sureties put in for the paymēt thereof at certain tearmes as the parties shoulde agree vpon and in respecte thereof the said Iohn Bedeford and Iohn Norton shall bee releassed out of prison of the Marshalsea at the baile of the said Maior and of Roberte de Menkes and Iohn Dimmoks till the next sessions of gaole deliuerie with condition that the said summes of money be paide or suretie putte in for the paymente thereof as before is said or else the bodies of the said Iohn Bedeford and Iohn de Norton shall bee returned to the sayd prison within three dayes after the feast of Peter ad Vincula there to remayne in manner as before they did It was also ordeyned by the counsel with the assent of the said Humfrey and Iohn Carleton that all and euery manner of persons of the sayde Towne of Oxforde and the Suburbes of the same indited and arreigned of the felonies and transgressions before mentioned that shoulde yeelde themselues to the Kings prison to be◅ed by lawe and also all other that were at t◅ present in prison whiche the sayd Humfrey a◅ Iohn de Carleton should name Iohn de Be◅ford and Robert Lardiner excepted mighte bee let to baile vppon sufficient sureties that shoulde vndertake for them bodyes for bodies to appeare at the next sessions of gaole deliuerie there to bee tried according to the order of lawe And further it was ordred that all such goodes and cattels as were taken and carried away frō the saide masters and Schollers in the sayde tumulte and businesse by the menne of the sayde Towne and suburbes in whose handes and in what places soeuer within the saide Towne and suburbes by inquisitions informations or other meanes they shoulde or mighte be found should bee deliuered vnto the sayde Chauncellor and procurators of the sayde Vniuersitie to bee by them restored vnto those persons to whome they belonged This was the effect of the order taken at that day and place before the reuerende fathers Iohn Archbyshoppe of Yorke primate and Chancellor of Englande William Byshoppe of Winchester Lorde Treasorer Thomas de Brembre Lorde keeper of the priuie seale and Dauid de Wollore master of the rolles Henry de Iug◅by Clearke and other of the Kings counsell then there presente The Prince of Wales as yee haue hearde Tho. VV◅ beeing appoynted to passe ouer into Gascoigne sette forwarde from London the last daye of Iune The Prince Wales g◅◅er i◅ Gascoigne and comming to Plimmouth where hys nauie was appoynted to be made ready he stayed there for want of conuenient winde and weather a long time after Finally hauing with him the Erles of Warwike Suffolke Salisbury and Oxforde also the Lord Iohn Chandos Sir Robert Knolles sir Franke de Halle the L. Iames Audeley with diuers other of the nobilitie and of men
being incensed against the duke of Lancaster 1385 meant that he shuld haue bin arrested and arraigned of certain points of treason before sir Robert Tryssyllyan chiefe Iustice as Tho. Walsing sayth and peraduenture there might be some suche reporte that suche was the Kings meaning But yet how this may stand considering he was to be tried by his peeres in case that any the like matter had bin pretended I see not The Duke of Lancaster getteth him to hys castell of Pontfaet and fortifyeth it But how soeuer it was he being warned therof by some of the counsell got him to his castell of Pontâ—…ret which he fortified and banded him self so with his frendes that it appeared he wold defend his cause with force of armes rather than to come to his tryall by order of lawe afore such a Iudge and by reason hereof it was greately doubted least some ciuile warre wold haue broken foorth The Princesse of VVales maketh an attonement betvvene the kyng the duke of Lancaster But through the earnest labor of the kings mother that notwithstanding hir indisposition of bodie to trauaile by reason of hir corpulencie riding to and fro betwixt them made an agreement betwixt the Kyng hir sonne and the Duke to hir greate comforte and contentation of mynde and no lesse suretie of quietnesse to the whole realme About the same tyme the Frenche kyng had a great fleete of Shippes in Flaunders so that it was doubted leaste he meant some inuasyon into Englande Wherevppon there was sente to the sea the Lorde of Saincte Iohnes and 〈◊〉 Thomas Percye wyth a strong Nauyesâ—… they didde no good sufferyng the Frenche 〈◊〉 dyuers tymes to passe by them and not 〈◊〉 offered to sette vpon them But the Shippes 〈◊〉 Portesmouth and Dertemouth bestirred thâ—…-selues better for entirng into the riuer of Sayâ—… The 〈◊〉 Pâ—… 〈…〉 beâ—… 〈…〉 they drowned foure of theyr enimyes shyppes and tooke other foure wyth a Barque of the Lorde Clissons one of the fayrest that was to be founde eyther in Fraunce or Englande In these vesselles the Englishemenne hâ—… a ryche praye of Wynes and other Merchâ—…dyses The Kyng vppon some occasion tooke great displeasure agaynst William Courteney Archbishoppe of Canterburye stormyng against him so as fewe durste speake any thyng in hys excuse The Lord Chancellour Michael de la â—…le seemyng to fauour his cause was lykely to haue runne in hygh displeasure Syr Thomas Triuet and Syr Iohn Deuereux intreatyng for hym were sore rebuked at hys handes Yet at length after that the Archebyshoppe was wythdrawne had kept hym close for a tyme he was thorough mediation of some freendes recounciled to the kinges fauour About the same tyme the Frenche kyng 〈◊〉 into Scotlande the Admyrall of Fraunce Ia. Mâ—…r Froissart The Frenche king 〈…〉 the 〈◊〉 with a thousande men of armes knyghtes and Esquiers besides Crossebowes and other to ioyne with the Scots and to make warres in EnglaÌ„d The Scottes encouraged wyth thys newe ayde sente to them out of Fraunce leuyed a power and so together wyth the Frenchemenne The Scoâ—… made the â—…tion of 〈◊〉 enter into the Englyshe confynes and beginne to rob and spoyle and further tooke certain Castels and houses of defence The King of Englande aduertised hereof An. reg 9. assembled an huge power of menne of warre and fyrste sente before hym the Duke of Lancaster wyth parte of the Armye The K. goeth vvith an anye agaynst the Scottes and afterward followed hymselfe wyth all conuenyent speed 〈◊〉 myght bee At hys commyng into the parties aboute Yorke he was enformed that the Scottes and Frenchemen were withdrawne vppon the duke of Lancasters approche towardes them but the kyng thought to kepe on his iourney Whylest hee was lodged in those parties a greate myschaunce happened by reason of variaunce that fell betwixte certayne persones of the retinewe of Sir Iohn Hollande brother vnto the Earle of Kente Variaunce â—…tvvene sâ—… Holland â—…uants 〈◊〉 Richard Staffordeâ—… and halfe brother to the Kyng and other of the retinue of the Lorde Rycharde Stafforde sonne to the Earle of Stafforde The cause of their falling out was aboute a knight of Boheme called sir Miles that was come to see the Queene This Knight kepte companie moste an end with the L. Richarde Stafforde and chauncing to be at words with twoo of Sir Iohn Hollandes seruantes there came twoo Archers perteynyng to the Lorde Stafford which blamed them that were so aboute to mysuse the stranger in words as they tooke it the strife hereby grewe to that point in the ende The Lord Richard Stafford â—…layne by Sir Iohn Holland that one of the archers shotte at one of sir Iohn Hollandes seruantes and slewe him This mishap being reported to sir Iohn Holland sette him in suche a furie by reason of the loue which he had to his seruant that immediatly he rushed foorth of his lodging to reuenge his deathe and throughe misfortune meeting with the Lorde Stafforde slewe hym doubting in what sorte his deede myghte be taken fled straight vnto Beuerley there tooke Sanctuarie The Erle of Stafford tooke this misaduenture right heuily as reason was yet bycause he would not trouble the hoste nor disappoint the iourney whiche they had in hand vppon the kings promise that he would doe vpright iustice in the mater as should be thought meete and conuenient he bare his griefe so patiently as he might so that he wanne himselfe muche praise for his wisdome therin shewed The King aduauncing forwards with his army Hâ—… Boetius K. Richard enâ—… 〈◊〉 Scotland and spoyâ—… dyuers â—…s and â—…aces came to y t borders entring into ScotlaÌ„d passed thorough Mers and Louthian wasting spoiling all the towns houses and villages in his way The abbeis of Melros Dryburgh Newebottell were brente and those Monkes and other prople that were founde in the same were slaine Edenborough 〈◊〉 by king Richarde At his comming to Edenburghe he founde all the people fled out of the towne but the houses buildings hee consumed with fier togither with the Churche of saint Giles At the humble sute of his vncle the Duke of LaÌ„caster Holyrood house was preserued from hurt for that the same Duke in tyme of the rebellion of the commons here in England was lodged in that house and found muche gentlenesse and frendshippe in the Abbot Conuent Thus when the King had reuenged the displesure afore receyued at the Scots frenchmeÌ„s hands remained in Edenburgh a fiue dayes he retourned without proffer of battell or any notable encounter The Admirall of Fraunce was earnestly in hande with the Scottish lords to perswade them to haue gyuen battell to the Englishe army The Frenche admirall perswadeth the Scottes to 〈◊〉 vvith the English hâ—…e till he diuers other Knights of Fraunce were brought to the top of a mouÌ„taine from whence they might beholde all the Englishe army as the same passed
bycause they doubted least the Kyng myâ—… stirre the Citie of London against them 〈…〉 they â—…termined fyrste to aduertise the Maior 〈…〉 Citie howe theyr commyng was onely 〈◊〉 forme certayne greate enormities whych 〈◊〉 set downe in writing and sente it to the 〈◊〉 and Citizens beseeching them of these 〈◊〉 and counsell therein thys done they deâ—…ned yet to keepe their daye on the Sonday â—…wing to appeare before the Kyngs presente 〈◊〉 this was not got of them till that the Lâ—… Chancellor Tho. VVâ—… with dyuers other noble mâ—… good credite hadde vndertaken vppon theyr 〈◊〉 for the Kings behalfe that no fraude nor â—…cept no perill nor euill pretence shoulde be 〈◊〉 in practise agaynste the Lordes whereby they myghte come to losse eyther of lyfe 〈…〉 goodes or otherwise through the kings meanes but that if he should goe about any such things the sayd Lorde Chancellor and other the mediators shoulde warne the Lordes aforehande thereof When therefore the Lordes were ready according to couenaunte to come vnto Westminster they were secretely aduertised An aâ—… at Mewes that there was an ambush layd in a place called y e Mewes and so they stayed and came not at the appointed houre Wherevppon when the King demaunded howe it fortuned that the Lordes kept not promise the Byshoppe of Ely Lorde Chauncellor made hym this aunswere bycause saith hee there is an ambushe of a thousande armed men or more layd in such a place and named it contraite to couenant and therefore they neyther come nor holde you for faythfull of your worde The king hearing this was astonied and aâ—…â—…med with an othe that hee knewe of no suche thing and withal he sent to the Sherifes of London coÌ„maunding them to repaire to the Mewes and vpon search made if they founde any force of men there assembled to take and kill all suche as they coulde lay handes vppon But sir Thomas 〈◊〉 and sir Nicholas Bramble knightes that had in deed assembled such a number of men 〈◊〉 they vnderstoode what order the king had gain therein they sent theyr men backe vnto London The Lords after this receyuing a safe conduct from the king and perceyuing all to bee safe and cleare came vnto Westminster with a strong power of men about them The Lordes come before the kings presence in Westminster hal The king when hee heard they were come apparelled himselfe in his kingly robes and with his Scepter in hand commeth into the great hall at Westminster The 〈◊〉 ChaÌ„â—… speaketh 〈◊〉 the king to 〈◊〉 lordes My Lordes sayde he our soueraigne Lorde the king hearing that you were assembled in Haringey Parke in other maner than was conuenient would not forthwith runne vpon you wyth force to destroy you as he might easily haue don if he had not wished your safetie for no maÌ„ doubteth but if his pleasure had bin to gather an army he might haue had more people than you coulde haue got to haue taken part with you agaynste him and so happily muche bloud myght haue bene spylt which thing certainly our soueraigne Lord the king vtterly abhorreth and therefore vsing pacience and mildenesse he hath rather chosen to talke with you in peaceable wise that hee may vnderstaÌ„d the cause why ye haue assembled so great a number of people togither The answere 〈◊〉 the lordes 〈◊〉 theire â—…es The Lordes for answere herevnto sayd that they assembled theyr forces togither for the profit both of the king and realme and especially to take away from him such traytors as remayned continually about him to wit Robert de Vere duke of Ireland Alexander Neuil Archbishop of York Michaell de la Pole Earle of Suffolke Robert Trisslian that false Iustice and sir Nicholas Brambre that disloyall knight of London for to they tearmed them And to proue their accusations true they threwe downe their gloues protesting by their othes to prosecute it by battaile Nay sayth the king not so but in the next Parliament which we do appoynt before hand â—…o begin the morow after the Purification of our Ladie both they and you appearing shall receyue according to lawe all that whiche reason shall appoynt And nowe to you my Lordes I speake The k. reproueth the lords doings by what meane or by what reason durst you so presumptuously take vpon you within this my land to rise thus against me Did you thinke to feare me with such your presumptuous boldnesse haue I not armed mere sufficient to haue beaten you downe compassed about like a sort of Deere in a ioyle if I would Truly in this behalf I make no more account of you than of the vylest skullions in my kitchen When he had sayd these wordes with much more he lyft vp the Duke of Gloucester that all this while kneeled afore him and commaunded the residue to rise also After this he led them curteously to his chamber where they sate and dranke togither And finally it was concluded The king taketh both parties into his protection that they should al meet togither againe at the next Parliament and eche one to receyue according to iustice and in the meane time the king toke aswel the duke of Glocester as the duke of Ireland into his protection so that neither part in the meane time should hurt the other nor presume to make any gathering of people vnto the time prefixed and so this counsail brake vp and the Lordes departed These things yet were done in absence of the forenamed persons whom the Lordes accused Grafton for they durst not appeare in presence of the lords for if they had bin espied they had smarted for it as was thought without any respect that would haue bene had of the kings presence And nowe forasmuch as it shoulde bee well knowne through all the Citie that these Lordes had nothing offended him with their comming the king caused a Proclamation to be made the tenour whereof was as followeth A proclamatioÌ„ clearing the lordes of any treason Richard by the grace of God c. We wil that it bee knowne to all our liege people throughoute our realme of England that whereas Thomas duke of Gloucester Richard Earle of Arundell and Thomas Earle of Warwike haue bene defamed of treason by certain of our couÌ„sailors we as it apperteineth diligently searching y e ground cause of this defamation finde no such thing in them nor any suspition thereof wherefore we declare the same diffamatioÌ„ to be false and vntrue and do receyue the same duke and erles into our speciall protection And bycause these accusers shall be notoriously knowne their names are Alexander Archb. of Yorke sir Robert Veere duke of Irelande Michael de la Pole Erle of Suffolk Robert Trisilian L. chiefe Iustice and sir Nicholas Brambre of London knight who in like case shal remaine till the next Parliament there shall stand to their answere but in the mean time we likewise take them into our protection streytly charging and coÌ„maunding
these Townes simply clothed in one sute of raymente and yet hee was in his tyme exceeding sumptuous in apparrell in so muche as hee had one coate whiche he caused to be made for him of golde and stone K. Richarde sâ—… 〈◊〉 apparell valued at 30000. markes The King was nowe broughte vnto Westminster the next way and the Duke was receyued with all the ioy and pompe that myghte bee of the Londoners and was lodged in the Byshops Palace by Poules Churche It was a wonder to see what great concourse of people The dukes receyuing into London what number of Horses came to hym on the way as he thus passed the Countreys tyll his comming to London where vpoÌ„ his approch to the Citie the Maior rode foorthe to receyue hym and a great number of other Citizens Also the Cleargie mette him with procession suche ioy appeared in the countenaunces of the people vttering the same also with words as the lyke had not lightly bin seene for in euery towne and village where he passed children reioyced womeÌ„ clapped their handes and men cryed out for ioy But to speake of the greate numbers of people that flocked togither in the fieldes and streetes of London at his comming I heere omitte neyther wil I speake of the presents welcommings landes and gratifications made to him by the Citizens and communaltie But now to the purpose The next day after his comming to London the King from Westminster was had to the Tower The king coÌ„mited to the Tower and there committed to safe custodie Many euill disposed persons assembling themselues togither in greate numbers intended to haue met with him and to haue taken him from suche as had the conueying of him that they might haue slayne him but the Maior and Aldermen gathered to them the worshipfull Commoners and graue Citizens by whose policie and not without much adoe y e other were reuoked from their euill purpose albeit before they might be pacified they comming to Westminster tooke maister Iohn Sclake Deane of the Kings Chappell and from thence brought him to Newgate and there layde hym fast in irons A Parliament in the kinges â—…e After this was a Parliamente called by the Duke of Lancaster vsing the name of King Richard in the writtes directed foorth to the Lordes and other states for theyr sommonaunce This Parliamente began the thirtenth day of September in the which many haynous pointes of misgouernaunce and iniurious dealings in the administration of his kingly office were layd to the charge of this noble Prince king Richard the whiche to the ende the commons myghte bee perswaded that he was an vnprofitable Prince to the common wealthe and worthy to be deposed were engrossed vp in .33 solemne Articles heynous to the eares of all men and to some almost incredible the very effect of whiche Articles heere ensue according to the copie whyche I haue seene and is abridged by master Hall as followeth The Articles obiected to king Richard Firste that Kyng Richarde wastfully spente the treasure of the Realme and had giuen y e possessions of the Crowne to menne vnworthy by reason wherof new charges more and more were laide in the neckes of the poore communalty And where diuers Lords as well Spiritual as Temporall were appoynted by the high Courte of Parliament to commune and treate of dyuers matters concerning the common wealthe of the Realme which being busie about the same commission he with other of his affinitie went about to empeach and by force and menacing compelled the iustices of y e Realme at Shrewesburie to condiscend to his opinion for the destruction of y e said Lords in so much y t he began to raise warre against Iohn Duke of Lancaster Richard Erle of Arundell Thomas Erle of Warwike other Lordes contrary to his honor and promise Item that hee caused his Vncle the Duke of Gloucester to be arrested without lawe and sente him to Calais and there withoute iudgemente murthered him and although the Earle of AruÌ„dell vpon his arreignement pleaded his Chartor of pardon he could not be heard but was in most vile shamefull maner suddainely put to deathe Item hee assembled certaine Lancashire and Chesshire men to the intente to make warre on the same Lordes and suffered them to robbe and pill without correction or reprieue Item although the King flateringly and with greate dissimulation made proclamation thorough out the Realme that the Lords before named were not attached of anye crime of treason but only for extortions oppressioÌ„s done in this realme yet he layde to them in the Parliament rebellion and manifest treason Item he hathe compelled diuers of the sayde Lordes seruauntes and friends by menace and extreame paynes to make greate fines to their vtter vndoing and notwithstanding hys pardon yet he made them fyne of newe Item where diuers were appoynted to commune of the state of the Realme and the common wealthe thereof the same King caused all the rolles and recordes to bee kept from them coÌ„trarie to promise made in the Parliamente to his open dishonor Item he vncharitably commaunded that no man vpon paine of losse of life and goodes should once intreate him for the returne of Henry nowe Duke of Lancaster Item where this Realme is holden of God and not of the Pope or other Prince the sayde King Richard after hee hadde obteyned dyuers Actes of Parliament for his owne peculiar profit and pleasure then hee obteyned Bulles and extreame censures from Rome to compell all men straightly to keepe the same contrary to the honour and auntiente priuiledges of thys Realme Item although the Duke of Lancaster hadde done his deuoyre againste Thomas Duke of Northfolke in proofe of his quarrell yet the sayde King without reason or ground banished hym the Realme for tenne yeares contrarye to all equitie Item before the Dukes departure hee vnder hys broade scale â—…nced him to maâ—…e atturneys to prosecute and defende his causes the fayde King after his departure woulde suffer none attourney to appeare for him but did wyth his at his pleasure Item the same king put oute diuers Sheriffes lawfully elected and put in their â—…oomthes diuers other of his owne subuerting the lawe contrary to his othe and honor Item he borowed great summes of money bound him vnder his letters patents for the repaymente of the same yet not one peny payde Item hee taxed men at the will of hym and his vnhappie counsayle and the same treasure spent in folly not paying poore men for their vittayle and viande Item hee sayde that the lawes of the Realme were in his head and sometimes in hys brest by reason of whych fantasticall opinion he destroyed noble menne and empouerished the poore commons Item the Parliamente setting and enacting diuers notable statutes for the profit and aduauncemente of the common wealthe hee by hys priuie friendes and solicitors caused to be enactect that no Acte then enacted shoulde bee more preiudiciall
and diuine prouidence seemeth expediente Hall During this his last sicknesse he caused hys Crowne as some write to be set on a pillow at his beddes head and suddaynely his pangs so sore troubled him that he lay as though all hys vitall spirites had bin from him departed Such as were about him thinking verily that hee had bin departed couered hys face with a lynnen cloth The Prince his sonne being heereof aduertised The prince taketh away the crowne before his father was dead entered into the chamber tooke away the Crowne and departed The father beeing suddainely reuiued out of that traunce quickly perceyued the lacke of his Crowne and hauing knowledge that the Prince his sonne had taken it away He is blamed of the king His answere caused him to come before his presence requiring of him what hee meante so to misuse himselfe the Prince with a good audacitie aunswered Sir to mine and all mens iudgementes you seemed dead in this worlde wherefore I as your nexte heyre apparant tooke that as myne owne A guiltie conscience in extremitie of sicknesse pincheth sore and not as youres well faire sonne sayde the King with a greate sigh what right I had to it God knoweth well quoth the Prince if you dye King I wil haue the garland and trust to keepe it with the sword against all mine enimies as you haue done then sayd the King I commit all to God and remember you to vse well and with that turned himselfe in his bedde The death of Henrye 〈◊〉 and shortly after departed to God in a chamber of the Abbots of Westminster called Ierusalem the twentith daye of Marche in the yeare 141â—… and in the yeare of his age .46 when he had raigned .13 yeares fiue monthes and odde dayes in greate perplexitie and little pleasure We fynde Fabian that hee was taken with his last sicknesse while hee was making his prayers at Sainte Edwardes shrine I caÌ„ not think he was so 〈◊〉 ready to sâ—… forward whatsoeuer Fabian writeth 〈◊〉 there as it were to take his leaue and so to proceede forthe on hys iourney hee was so suddaynely and greeuouslie taken that suche as were about him feared least he woulde haue dyed presently wherefore to relieue him if it were possible they bare him into a chamber that was nexte at hande belonging to the Abbot of Westminster where they layde him on a pallet before the fier and vsed all remedyes to reuiue him at length hee recouered hys speeche and vnderstanding and perceiuing him selfe in a strange place which he knewe not hee willed to know if the chamber had any perticular name wherevnto aunswere was made that it was called Ierusalem Then saide the king landes bee gyuen to the father of Heauen for nowe I knowe that I shall dye heere in thys chamber according to the prophecie of me declared that I shoulde depart this life in Ierusalem His stature This King was of a meane stature well proportioned and formally compact quicke and deliuer and of a stoute courage In his latter dayes he shewed himselfe so gentle that he gate more loue amongst the nobles and people of this Realme than he had purchased malice and euill will in the beginning but yet to speake a troth by his proceedings after hee had atteined to the Crowne what with such taxes tallages subsedies and exactions as hee was constreyned to charge the people with and what by punishing suche as moued with disdeyne to see him vsurpe the Crowne contrarie to the othe taken at hys entring into this lande vppon his returne from exile did at sundry times rebell against him hee wanne himselfe more hatred than in all hys lyfe time if it had bin longer by many yeares than it was had bin possible for him to haue weeded out and remoued and yet doubtlesse worthy were his subiects to tast of that bitter cuppe sith they were so readie to ioyne and clappe handes with him for the deposing of their rightfull and naturall Prince King Richarde whose chiefe fault rested only in that that he was too bountifull to his friendes and too mercifull to his foes specially if he had not bin drawen by others to seeke reuenge of those that abused his good and curteous nature But nowe to returne to the matter presente The Duke of ClareÌ„ce immediately vpoÌ„ knowledge hadde of his father King Henry the fourth his death returned out of Guyenne into Englande with the Earle of Angolesme and other prisoners But nowe to rehearse what writers of oure English nation liued in the days of this Kyng that renowmed Poete Geffreye Chaucer is worthily named as principall a man so exquisitely learned in all sciences that hys matche was not lightly founde anye where in those dayes and for reducing our Englishe tong to a perfect conformitie hee hath excelled therein all other He departed this life about the yeare of our Lord .1402 as Bale gathereth but by other it appeareth â—…ine that he deceassed the fiue and twentith of October in the yeare .1400 and lyeth buried at Westminster in the South parte of the great Church there as by a monumente erected by Nicholas Brigham it dothe appeare Iohn Gower discended of that worthye familie of the Gowers of Stitenham in Yorkeshire as Leland noteth studyed not only the commoÌ„ lawes of this Realme but also other kindes of literature and grew to greate knowledge in the same namely in poeticall inuentions applying his endeuor with Chancer to garnish the Englishe tong in bringing it from a rude vnperfectnesse vnto a more apt elegancie for whereas before those dayes the learned vsed to write onely in latine or Frenche and not in Englishe oure tong remayned very barreyne rude and vnperfect but now by the diligent industrie of Chaucer and Gower it was within a while greately amended so as it grew not only to be very riche and plentifull in wordes but also so proper and apt to expresse that which the minde conceyued as any other vsuall language Gower departed this life shortly after the deceasse of his deere and louing friend Chaucer to witte in the yere 1402. beeing then come to great age and blinde for a certaine time before his death He was buried in the Church of Saint Mary Queries in Southwarke Hugh Legate borne in Hertforde shire and a Monke of Sainte Albons wrote Scholies vpon Architreuius of Iohn Hanuille and also vppon Boetius de Consolatione Roger Alington Chancellor of the Vniuersitie of Oxford a greate Sophist and an enimie to the doctrine of Wicklife Iohn Botrel a Logitien Nicholas Gorham borne in a village of the same name in Hertfordshire a Dominike Frier fyrst proceeded master of arte in Oxforde and after going to Paris became the French Kings confessor and therefore hath bin of same taken to be a Frenchman Iohn Lilleshull so called of a Monasterie in the West parties of this Realme whereof hee was gouernour Walter Disse so called of a Towne in Northfolke where he
enuyed against the surmised and vntruely feyned lawe Salike The Salike lawe whiche the Frenchmen alledge to defeate the Kyngs of England of their iust and rightfull title clayme and interest to the Crowne of Fraunce the â—…ery words of which law are these In terram Salâ—…am mulieres ne succedant that is to saye lette not women succeede in the land Salique which the Frenche glosers expounde to bee the Realme of Fraunce and y t this law was made by K. â—…aramond wheras yet their owne authors affirme that y e land Salique is in Germanie betweene y e riuers of Elbe and Sala and that wheÌ„ Charles the great had ouercome the Saxons hee placed there certaine Frenchmen which hauing in disdeine the vnhonest maners of the Germain women made a lawe that the females shoulde not succeede to anye inheritance within that lâ—…de which at this day is called Meiseu Misâ—… so that if this be true this law was not made for the Realme of France nor the Frenchmen possessed the land Salique til four C. 21. yeares after the deathe of Pharamond their supposed maker of this Salique lawe for this Pharamond deceassed in the yere 426. and Charles y e great subdued y e Saxons and placed the Frenchmen in those partes beyond the riuer of Sala in the yeare 805. Moreouer it appereth by their owne writers that King Pepine whiche deposed Childerike claymed the crowne of Fraunce as heire general for that he was descended of Blithild daughter to king Clothair the froste Hugh Capet also which vsurped the Crowne vpon Charles duke of Lorrayne the sole heâ—…re male of the lyne and stock of Charles the great to make his title seeâ—… true and appeare good thoughe in deede it was starke naught conueyde himselfe as heyre to the Lady Lyngard daughter to king Charlemayn sonne to Lewes the Emperor that was sonne to Charles the great King Lewes also the tenth otherwyse called Saint Lewes being very heire to the said vsurper Hugh Capet coulde neuer be satisfyed in his conscience howe he might iustely kepe and possesse the crown of France til he was perswaded and fully instructed that Queene Isabell his grandmother was lyneally descended of the Lady Ernrengarde daughter and heyre to the abouenamed Charles duke of Lorayn by the whiche mariage the bloud and lyne of Charles the great was againe vnited and restored to the crowne and scepter of France so that more clerer than the Sunne it openly appeareth that the title of king Pepyn the clayme of Hugh Capet the possession of Lewes yea and of the Frenche kynges to thys daye are deryued and conueyed from the heire female thought they woulde vnder coldure of suche a fayned Lawe barre the Kings and Princes of this realme of England of theyr ryghte and lawfull inheritance The Archebishoppe further alledged oute of the booke of Numeri thys faying â–ª When a man dyeth without a sonne let the inheritance discende to his daughter At length hauing said sufficientely for the proofe of the kings â—…uste and lawfull title to the Crowne of Fraunce hee exhorted hym to aduance forth his banner to fight for hys ryghte to conquere hys inheritaunce to spare neither bloud swoord ne fire sith his warre was iust his cause good and his clayme true And to the intent his louyng Chapleyns and obediente subiectes of the Spiritualtie myghte shewe them selues wyllyng and desyrous to ayde hys maiestie for the recouerie of hys aunciente righte and true inheritaunce the Archbishoppe declared that in theyr spirituall Conuocation they had graunted to his highnesse suche a summe of money as neuer by no spiritual persons was to any Prince before those dayes giuen or aduaunced The Earle of Westmerland â—…adeth the 〈◊〉 to the coÌ„â—… of Scotlande When the Archbishoppe hadde ended his prepared tale Rafe Neuill Erle of Westmerland as then Lorde Warden of the marches aneynst Scotlande and vnderstandyng that the kyng vpon a couragious desire to recouer his right in Fraunce would surely take the warres in hand thought good to moue the Kyng to begin fyrste wyth Scotlande and therevpon declared how easye matter it shoulde bee to make a conquest there a howe greatly the same should further his wished purpose for the subduyng of the Frenche menne concludyng the suâ—…me of hys tale with thys olde saying That who so wyll Fraunce wynne mâ—…st with Scotlande fyrst beginne Manye matters he touched as well to sheâ—… howe necessary the conquest of Scotland should be as also to proue howe iust a cause the Kyng â—…dde to attempte it truâ—…yng to perswade the Kyng and all other to be of his opinion But after he had made an ende the Duke of â—…cester vncle to the Kyng a man well learned and wyse who hadde bene sente into Italye by his father The duke of â—…ceter hys vvyse and pythy ansvvere to the Earle of VVestmerlandes saying intendyng that he should haue bin a Priest replyed agaynste the Earle of Westmerlandes Orations affirmyng rather that hee whiche woulde Scotlande winne with France muste firste beginne For if the Kyng myghte once compasse the conqueste of Fraunce Scotlande coulde not long resyste so that conquere Fraunce and Scotlande woulde soone obeye A true saying For where shoulde the Scottes learne pollicye and skill to defende them selues if they had not theyr bringyng vp and traynyng in Fraunce If the Frenche pencions maynteyned not the Scottishe Nobilitie in what case shoulde they be Then take away Fraunce and the Scottes will soone be tamed Fraunce beeyng to Scotlande the same that the sappe is to the tree which beyng taken awaye the tree muste needes dye and wyther To be briefe the Duke of Excester vsed such earnest and pithy perswasions to induce the king and the whole assemblie of the Parliamente to credite hys woordes that immediately after he hadde made an ende all the companye beganne to crye Warre warre Fraunce Fraunce and the bill putte into the Parliament for dissoluing of Religious houses was cleerely forgotten and buryed and nothyng thoughte on but only the recoueryng of Fraunce accordyng to the title by the Archebishoppe declared and set foorthâ—… And vpon this poynte after a fewe actes for the wealthe of the Realme established and decreed the Parlyamente was proroged vntoo Westmynster Some write that in this Parliament it was enacted that Lollards and Heretikes with their maynteyners and fauourers shoulde be ipso facto adiudged guiltie of high treason but in the statute made in the same Parliament against Lollardes wee fynde no suche wordes Albeeit by force of that Statute it was ordeyned that beyng conuicte and executed they shoulde lose theyr Landes holden in Fee simple and all other theyr goodes and cattalles as in cases of Felonye Ambassadors from the FreÌ„ch K. and from the Duke of Burgoigne During this Parliament ther came to the K. Ambassadors as wel from the French king that was then in the gouernance of the Orlienâ—…iall faction as also from the Duke of Burgoigne for ayde agaynst
Cornehill But to speake of al y e solemne shew set forth that daye how y e crafts Aldermen and Lord Maior stoode in their appointed places or of the rich sumptuous apparel which not only y e K. and Quene ware that day but also other estates whiche dyd attēd their maiesties it would aske a long time yet I shoulde omit many things faile of the nūber The trappers rich furnitures of horses palfreys charets were wonderfull Of cloth of tissew golde siluer embroderies goldsmithes worke there was no want beside the great number of chaynes of gold handerikes both massy greate righte gorgeous to behold And thus w t great ioy and honor they came to Westminster The morrow following being Sunday also Midsomer day that noble Prince w t his wife Q. Katherine wente from the Palaice to the Abbey of Westmin where according to the ancient custome The coronation of Kyng Henry and Q. Katherine they were annointed Crowned by the Archb. of Cant. with other Prelates of the Realm there present the nobilitie and a greate multitude of the cōmons After with the solemnity of y e said coronation according to the sacred obseruances vsed in that behalf ended the Lords Spirituall and temporall did to him homage Homage done to the King as his coronatiō by the lordes spirituall and temporall and then he returned to Westminster Hall with the Queene where they dined all the solemne customes and seruices being vsed done whiche in such cases apperteined euery L. other noble manne according to their tenures before claymed viewed seene and allowed entring into their roomths and offices that day to execute the same accordingly When the feast or diner was ended and the tables auoyded the King and the Quene went vnto their chambers For the more enobling of this coronation there was prepared both iustes and tourneys whiche within the palaice of Westminster were performed and done with great triumph and royaltie The enterprisers of which martiall feats wer these persons whose names ensue Thomas Lord Howard sonne and heire apparant to the Erle of Surrey sir Edward Howard Admirall his brother the Lorde Richarde Gray brother to the Marques Dorset sir Edmunde Howarde sir Edmunde Kneuet and Charles Brandon Esquier And on the other side as defendauntes were these eight persones Sir Iohn Pechye sir Edwarde Neuill sir Edwarde Euilforde sir Iohn Carre Sir Willyam Parre Sir Giles Capell Sir Griffeth Doun and Syr Roulande The King pardoned the Lorde Henrye brother to the Duke of Buckingham committed to the Tower as yee haue heard vppon suspition of treason But when nothyng coulde bee proued agaynste hym hee was sette at libertie and at the Parliament after created earle of Wilshire Also this yeare the kyng ordeyned fifty Gentlemen to bee speares euerye of them to haue an Archer a Demylaunce and a Custrell and euerye speare to haue three great horses to be attendaunt on his person of the whiche bende the earle of Essex was lieutenaunt and Sir Iohn Pechy Capitaine Thys ordynaunce continued but a while the chardges was so greate for there were none of them but they and their horses were apparayled and trapped in clothe of golde siluer and Goldsmithes worke A great plague ◅o Calais This yeare also was a greate pestilence in the Towne of Calais so that the King sente one Syr Iohn Pechie wyth three hundreth men to tarrye there vppon the defence of that Towne til the sickenesse was ceassed Furthermore A parliament this yeare the King sommoned his Parliament in the Monethe of Nouember to begin in the Monethe of Ianuarye nexte ◅syng Wherof Sir Thomas Ingleflelde was chosen speaker At this Parliament Syr Rycharde Empson Knight Empson and Dudley attainted of treason and Edmond Dudly esquier late counsellours to Kyng Henrye the seuenthe were atteynted of highe treason They were chardged with many offences cōmitted in the late kings dayes as partely beefore you haue hearde and being broughte before the counsell Polidor as they were graue and wise personages and bothe of them learned and skilfull in the lawes of this realm they alledged for themselues right constantlye in their owne defences muche good sufficient matter in so muche that Empson being the elder in yeres had these words I know right honorable that it is not vnknowne to you how profitable and necessarie lawes are for the good preseruation of mans lyfe withoute the which neither house town nor citie can long continue or stand in safetie which lawes herein Englande thorough negligence of magistrates were partly decayed and partely quite forgotten and worne out of vse the mischief wherof dayly increasing Henry the .vij. a most graue and prodent Prince wished to suppresse therfore appointed vs to see that suche lawes as were yet in vse might continue in three ful force and such as were out of vse might againe be reuiued and restored to their former state and that also those persons which transgressed the same mighte bee punished according to theyr demerites wherein we discharged oure dueties in moste faythfull wyfe and beste manner we coulde to the greate aduauntage and cōmoditie no doubt of y e whole common wealthe wherefore wee most humbly besiech you in respect of your honours courtesie goodnesse humanitie and iustice not to decree any greeuous sentence against vs as though wee were worthy of punishmente but rather to appoint how w t thankefull recompence our paines and trauaile may be worthily considered Many of the counsell thoughte that hee had spoken well and so as stoode with greate reason but yet the greater number supposing that the reuiuing of those lawes had proceeded rather of a couetous meaning in the King and them than of anye zeale of Iustice and hauing also themselues felte the smart lately before for their owne offences and transgressions hadde conceiued such malice towardes the men that they thoughte it reason that suche as hadde bene dealers therein were worthy to lose their heads in like sorte as they had caused others to lose their money Heerevppon their accusers were maynteyned and many odde matters narrowly sought out against thē as by two seuerall inditementes framed against Sir Richarde Empson the copies whereof I haue seene it may well appeare In the one hee is charged that to winne the fauoure and credite of the late King not waying hys honour nor the prosperitie of him or wealthe of his Realme hee hadde in subuersion of the lawes of the lande procured dyuers persons to be endited of diuers crimes and offences surmised agaynste them and therevpon to bee committed to prison without due processe of lawe and not suffered to come to theyr aunsweres were kept in durance till they had compounded for their fines to their great importable losses and vtter empouerishment Also diuers vntrue offices of intrusions and alienations made by sundrye the late Kyngs liege people into manors lands and tenements were found it being
Queene there is alledged my conference with Sir Thomas Wiat Sir Iames Croftes Sir Edwarde Rogers Sir Edwarde Warner Againste the marriage with Spaine and the comming of the Spanyardes hither whiche talke I doe not denie in sorte as I spake it and ment it and notwithstanding the malicious gathering this day of my conference proueth yet no leuying of warre There is also alledged for proofe of the same Article sir Iames Crofts cōfession which as you remember implieth no such thing but generall talk against the mariage with Spaine And of my departing Westwarde with the Earle of Deuon which the sayde Iames doth not auowe and therefore I praye you consider it as not spoken There is also for proofe of the sayde Article the Duke of Suffolkes confession with whom I neuer had conference and therefore he aduouched the tale of his brothers mouth who hath made my purgation in those matters and yet if the matter were proued they be not greatly materiall in lawe There is also alledged for the further proofe of the same Article and for deposing and depriuing the Queene of hir Royall estate and for my adhering to the Queenes enimes Cutbert Vaughans confession whose testimonie I haue sufficientlye disproued by sundrie authorities and circumstances and principally by your owne lawe which dothe require two lawfull and sufficient witnesses to be brought face to face Also for the taking of the tower of London there is alledged Winters depositions which vttereth my misliking when he vttered vnto mee Sir Thomas Wiats resolution and deuise for attempting of the sayde peece And last of all to enforce these matters mine owne confession is engrieued greatly against me wherein there doth appeare neyther treason neyther concelement of treason neyther whispering of treason nor procurement of treason And forasmuch as I am come hither to be tried by the lawe though my innocencie of all these pointes materiall obiected be apparant to acquite mee wherevnto I doe principallye cleaue yet I will for your better credit and satisfactions shewe you euidentlye that if you woulde beleeue all the depositions layde against me which I trust you will not doe I ought not to bee attainted of the treason comprised within my inditement considering the Statute of repeale the last parliament of all treasons other than suche as be declared in the xxv yeare of K. Edward the third both which statutes I praye you my Lordes may be redde here to the enquest Bromley No for there shall be no bookes brought at your desire we know the law sufficiently without booke Throckmor Do you bring me hither to trie mee by the lawe and will not shewe me the lawe what is your knowledge of the lawe to these mens satisfactions which haue my triall in hande I pray you my Lordes and my Lordes all let the statutes bee redde as well for the Queene as for mee Stanforde My Lord chiefe Iustice can shew the lawe and will if the Iurie doe doubt of any poynt Throckmor You knowe it were indifferent that I should knowe and heare the law whereby I am adiudged forasmuch as the statute is in Englyshe men of meaner learning than the Iustices can vnderstande it or else howe shoulde we knowe when we offend Hare You knowe not what belongeth to youre case and therefore we must teach you it appertaineth not to vs to prouide bookes for you neyther wee sit here to be taught of you you should haue taken better hede to the law before you had come hither Throckmor Bicause I am ignoraunt I woulde learne and therefore I haue more neede to see the law and partlye as well for the instructions of the Iurie as for my owne satisfaction which mee thinke were for the honor of this presence And now if it please you my Lorde chiefe Iustice I do direct my speach specially to you What time it pleased the Queenes maiestie to call you to this honourable office I did learne of a great personage of hir highnesse priuie counsayle that amongst other good instructions hir maiestie charged and enioyned you to minister the law iustice indifferently without respect of persons And notwithstanding the old error amōgst you whiche did not admit any witnesse to speake or any other matter to be hearde in the fauor of the aduersarie hir maiestie being partie hir highnes pleasure was that whatsoeuer could be brought in the fauor of the subiect shoulde be admitted to be heard And moreouer that you specially and likewise all other Iustices shoulde not persuade themselues to sit in iudgement otherwise for hir highnesse than for hir subiect Therefore this maner of indifferent proceeding being principally enioined by Gods commādement which I had thought partly to haue remembred you others here in Cōmission in the beginning if I might haue had leaue And the same also being commanded you by the Queenes owne mouth me think you ought of right to suffer me to haue the statutes red openly also to reiect nothing y t coulde be spoken in my defence and in thus doing you shal shew your selues worthy ministers and fit for so worthie a mistresse Bromley You mistake the matter the Queene spake those wordes to maister Morgan chiefe Iustice of the Common place but you haue no cause to complaine for you haue bene suffered to talke at your pleasure Ha◅e What woulde you doe with the Statute booke the Iurie doth not require it they haue hearde the euidence and they must vppon their conscience trie whether you bee guiltie or no so as the booke needeth not if they will not credite the euidence so apparant then they know what they haue to doe Cholmley You ought not to haue anye bookes red here at your appointment for where dothe aryse anye doubte in the lawe the Iudges sitte here to informe the Court and nowe you doe but spende time The attorney I pray you my Lorde chiefe Iustice repeate the euidence for the Queene and giue the Iurie their charge for the prisoner will keepe you here all day Bromley Howe say you haue you any more to saye for your selfe Throckmor You seeme to giue and offer mee the lawe but in very dede I haue only the forme image of the lawe neuerthelesse since I cannot be suffred to haue the statutes red openly in the booke I will by your pacience gesse at them as I may and I pray you to help me if I mistake for it is long since I did see them The statute of repeale made the last Parliament hath these wordes Be it enacted by the Queene that from henceforth none acte deede or offence being by acte of Parliament or statute made treason petit treason or misprision of treason by words writing printing ciphering deedes or otherwise whatsoeuer shall be taken had deemed or adiudged treason petit treason but only such as be declared or expressed to be treason in or by an acte of Parliament made in the xxv yeare of Edw. iij. touching and concerning treasons and the
declaration of treasons and none other Here may you see this Statute doth referre all the offences aforesayde to the Statute of the xxv of Edw. iij. whiche statute hath these wordes touching and concerning the treasons that I am indited and arreigned of that is to saye Whosoeuer with compasse or imagine the death of the king or leuie warre against the king in his realme or being adherent to the kings enimies within this Realme or elsewhere and bee thereof probably attainted by open deede by people of their condicion shall be adiudged a traytor Now I praye you of my Iurie whiche haue my lyfe in triall note well what things at this daye bee treasons and howe these treasons must be tried and decerned that is to saye by open deede which the lawes doth at some time terme ouert acte and nowe I aske notwithstanding my inditement which is but matter alledged where doth appeare the open deede of any compassing or imagining the Quenes death or where doth appeare any open deede of being adherent to the Queenes enimies giuing to them ayde and comfort or where doth appeare any open deede of taking the tower of London Bromley Why doe not you of the Queenes learned Counsell aunswere him Me thinke Throckmorton you neede not to haue the statutes for you haue them meetely perfectly Stanforde You are deceyued to conclude all treasons in the statute of the xxv yeare of Edwarde the thirde for that statute is but a declaration of certaine treasons whiche were treasons before at the Common lawe Euen so there doth remayne diuerse other treasons at this day at the Common lawe which be expressed by that statute as the Iudges can declare Neuerthelesse there is matter sufficient alledged and proued against you to bring you within the compasse of the same Statute Throckmor I praye you expresse those matters that bring me within the compasse of the statute of Edwarde the thirde For the wordes be these And be thereof attainted by open deede by people of like condicion Bromley Throckmorton you deceyue your selfe and mistake these wordes by people of their condicion For thereby the lawe doth vnderstande the discouering of your treasons As for example Wiat and the other rebelles attainted for their great treasons already declare you to be his and their adherent in as much as diuerse and sundrie times you had conference with him and them aboute the treason so as Wiat is now one of your condicion who as all the worlde knoweth hath committed an open trayterous fact Throckmor By your leaue my Lorde this is a verye straunge and singular vnderstanding For I suppose the meaning of the Lawe makers did vnderstande these wordes By people of their condicion of the state and condicion of those persons whiche shoulde bee on the Inquest to trie the partie arreygned guiltie or not guiltie and nothing to the bewraying of the offence by another mans act as you say for what haue I to doe with Wiats actes that was not nigh him by one hundreth myles Thattorney Will you take vppon you to skill better of the lawe than the Iudges I doubt not but you of the Iurie will credite as it becommeth you Cholmley Concerning the true vnderstanding of these words By people of their condicion my Lord chiefe Iustice here hath declared the truth for Wiat was one of your condicion that is to say of your conspiracie Hare You doe not denie Throckmorton but that there hath bene conference and sending betweene Wiat and you and he and Winter dothe confesse the same with others so as it is playne Wiat may well be called one of youre condicion Throckmor Well seeing you my Iudges rule the vnderstanding of these wordes in the Statute By people of your condicion thus straungelye against mee I will not stande longer vppon them But where dothe appeare in mee an open deede wherevnto the treason is speciallye referred Bromley If thre or foure do talke deuise and conspire togither of a trayterous acte to be done and afterwards one of them doth commit treason as Wiat did then the lawe doth repute them and euerye of them as their actes so as Wiats actes doe implie and argue your open deede and so the lawe doth terme it and take it Throckmor These be marueylous expositions and wonderfull implications that another mans acte whereof I was not priuie shoulde be accounted myne for Wiat did purge me that I knew nothing of his stirre Hare Yea sir but you were a principall procurer and contriuer of Wiats rebellion thoughe you were not with him when he made the stirre And as my Lord here hath sayd the law always doth adiudge him a traytor which was priuie doth procure treason or any other man to committe treason or a trayterous acte as you did Wiat and others for so the ouert acte of those whiche did it by your procurement shall in this case be accounted your open deede We haue a commō case in the lawe if one by procurement shoulde disseyse you of your lande the lawe holdeth vs both wrong doers and giueth remedie as well against the one as the other Throckmor For Gods sake applie not such constructions against me though my present estate doth not moue you yet it were well you shoulde consider your office and thinke what measure you giue to others you your selues I say shall assuredly receyue the same agayne The state of mortall life is such y t men know full little what hangeth ouer them I put on within this xij monethes such a minde that I moste wofull wight was as vnlyke to stande here as some of you that sit there As to your case last recited whereby you woulde conclude I haue remembred and learned of you master Hare and you master Stanforde in the Parliament house where you did sit to make lawes to expounde and explane the ambiguities and doubtes of lawe sincerely and that without affections There I say I learned of you and others my maisters of the lawe this difference betwixt such cases as you remembred one euen nowe and the statute whereby I am to be tried There is a maxime or principle in the lawe which ought not to bee violated that no penall statute may ought or shoulde be construed expounded extended or wrested otherwise than the simple wordes and nude letter of the same statute doth warrant and signifie And amongst diuers good and notable reasons by you there in the Parliament house debated maister sergeant Stanford I noted this one why y e said maxime ought to be inuiolable you said considering the priuate affections manye tymes both of Princes ministers within this realme for that they were men and woulde and coulde erre it shoulde be no securitie but very daungerous to the subiect to referre the construction and extending of penall statutes to anye Iudges equitie as you termed it which might eyther by feare of the higher powers be seduced or by ignoraunce and follye abused And that is an aunswere by procurement
talke as this prisoner is suffered some of vs will come no more at the barre and we be thus handled Bromley Throckmorton you must suffer the Quenes learned Counsell to speake or else we must take order with you you haue had leaue to talke at your pleasure Hare It is proued that you did talke with Wiat against the comming of the Spanyardes and deuised to interrupt their arriuall and you promised to doe what you coulde against them wherevpon Wiat being encouraged by you did leuie a force and attempted warre against the Queenes royall person Throckmor It was no treason nor no procurement of treason to talke agaynste the comming hyther of the Spanyardes neyther it was treason for mee to saye I woulde hynder their commyng hither as muche as I coulde vnderstanding me rightly as I meant it yea though you would extende it to the worste it was but words it was not treson at this day as the law standeth and as for Wiats doing they touche me nothing for at his death when it was no tyme to report vntruly he purged me Bromley By sundrye cases remembred heere by the Queenes learned counsell as you haue hearde that procurement which did appeare no otherwyse but by words and those you would make nothing hath bin of long tyme and by sundry well learned men in the Lawes adiudged treason And therefore youre procurement beeing so euidente as it is we may lawfully say it was treason bycause Wiat perfourmed a trayterous acte Throckmor As to the said alledged forepresidents against me I haue recited as many for me I would you my L. chief iustice shuld incline your iudgements rather after the exāple of your honorable predecessors Iustice Markā and others which did eschewe corrupte iudgementes iudging directly and sincerely after the Law and the principles in the same than after such men as swaruing from the truth the maxime and the Law did iudge corruptely maliciously and affectionately Bromley Iustice Markham had reson to warrant his doings for it did appeare a merchant of London was arraigned and slaunderously accused of treason for compassing imagining y e kings death he did say he would make his sonne heire of the Crowne and the merchant meant it of a house in Cheapeside at the signe of the Crowne but your case is not so Throckmor My case doeth differ I graunt but specially bicause I haue not suche a Iudge yet there is an other cause to restrain these your strange and extraordinarie constructions That is to say a Prouiso in the latter ende of the statute of Edwarde the thirde hauyng these wordes Prouided alwayes if anye other case of supposed Treason shall chaunce heereafter to come in question or triall before any iustice other than is in the sayd statute expressed that then the Iustice shall forbeare to adiudge the sayd case vntill it be shewed to the Parliament to trie whether it should be treason or felonie Here you are restrained by expresse wordes to adiudge any case that is not manifestly mentioned before vntill it be shewed to the Parliament ◅rtman That Prouiso is vnderstande of cases that may come in trial which hath bin in vre but the law hath always taken the procurer to be a principall offender ◅ders The lawe alwayes in cases of treason dothe accoumpte all principalles and no accessaries as in other offences and therfore a man offending in treason eyther by couert acte or procurement whervpon an open deede hath ensued as in this case is adiudged by the lawe a principall traytoure Throckmor You adiudge mee thinke procurement very hardly besydes the principall and besides the good Prouiso and besydes the good example of your best and moste godly learned predecessors the Iudges of the Realme as I haue partely declared and notwithstandyng thys grieuous racking and extending of this worde Procurement I am not in the daunger of it for it doth appere by no deposition that I procured neyther one or other to attempt any acte Stanforde The Iurie haue to trye whether it bee so or no let it weygh as it will Hare I knowe no meane so apparant to try Procurement as by words and that meane is probable ynoughe agaynst you as well by youre owne confession as by other mennes Depositions Throckmor To talke of the Queenes maryage with the Prince of Spayne and also the commyng hyther of the Spanyardes is not to procure treason to be done for then the whole Parliament house I meane the common house didde procure treason But since you wyll make no difference betwixte wordes and actes I praye you remember an Estatute made in my late Soueraigne Lorde and maisters tyme Kyng Edward the sixth whiche apparantly expresseth the difference These bee the woordes Who so euer dothe compasse or imagine to depose the Kyng of his Royall estate by open preaching expresse wordes or sayings shall for the fyrst offence lose and forfayte to the king all his their goodes and cattailes and also shal suffer imprisonmente of their bodyes at the Kings will and pleasure Whosoeuer c. for the second offence shall lose and forfayte to the Kyng the whole issues and profytes of all his or their landes tenementes and other hereditamentes benefices Prebendes and other Spirituall promotions Who soeuer c. for the thirde offence shall for terme or lyfe or lyues of suche offendour or offendors c. and shall also forfeite to the Kyngs Maiestie all his or their goodes and cattailes suffer during his or their liues perpetuall imprisonement of his or their bodies But whosoeuer c. by writing ciphering or acte shall for the firste offence be adiudged a traitour and suffer the paines of deathe Here you may perceiue howe the whole realme and all your iudgementes hathe beefore this vnderstande wordes and actes diuerslye and apparantlye And therefore the Iudgementes of the Parliamente did assigne diuersitie of punishmentes bicause they woulde not confounde the true vnderstanding of wordes and deedes appointing for compassing and imagining by worde imprisonment and for compassing and imagining by open deede paines of death Bromley It is agreed by the whole bench that the procurer and the adherent be deemed alwayes traytors when as a trayterous acte was committed by anye one of the same conspiracie and there is apparant proofe of youre adhering to Wiat both by your owne confession and other wayes Throckmor Adhering and procuring bee not all one for the statute of Edwarde the thirde doth speake of adhering but not of procuring and yet adhering ought not be further extended than to the Quenes enimies within hir Realme for so the statute doth limit the vnderstanding And Wiat was not the Queenes enimie for hee was not so reputed when I talked with him last and our speach implyed no enmitie neyther tended to anye treason or procuring of treason and therefore I pray you of the Iurie note thoughe I argue the lawe I alledge my innocencie as the best part of my defence Hare Your adhering
Cosmographie and Geometrie moste skilfull hee was borne in Wales discended of a good family and finally departed this lyfe in the dayes of Queene Mary Baltholmew Traheron discended of a worshipfull house in the West partes of Englande deane of Chichester departed this lyfe in Germanie where he lyued in exile aboute the latter ende of Queene Maryes raigne Cutbert Tunstall Bishop first of London and after of Durham borne in Lancashire of a right worshipfull family excellently learned as by his workes it may appeare Doctor of both the Lawes departed this life in the yeare .1556 Richarde Samson Byshop of Couentrie and Lichfielde wrote certaine Treatises and departed this life Anno. 1555. Lucas Sheparde borne in Colchester in Essex an English Poet Iane Dudley daughter to Henrie Gray Duke of Suffolke wrate diuerse things highlye to hir commendation of whome ye haue hearde more before here in thys Hystorie William Thomas a Welchman borne of whome ye haue lykewise heard howe he suffred for Treason wrote the Hystorie of Italie and other things verie eloquently Iames Brokes a Doctor of Diuinitie Iohn Standish a Doctor likewise of the same profession greate defenders of the Popes doctrine as by their workes appeareth William Peryne a blacke Frier by profession and a Doctor also of Diuinitie wrote in defence of the Masse and preached Sermons which were prynted of like stuffe Iohn Baret borne in Lynne a Doctor of Diuinitie and sometyme a Carmelite Frier but reuolting from the Popes Religion became an earnest setter forth of the Gospell but eftsoones hee fell off and returned to hys former opinions nowe in the dayes of Queene Marie Henrie Lorde Stafforde sonne to Edwarde Duke of Buckingham amongst other things which he wrote he translated a booke out of the Latine into English intituled Vtriusque potestatis differentia that is the difference betwixt the two powers which booke as some thinke was first compyled and set forth by Edwarde Foxe Bishop of Hereford Iohn Hopkins translated dyuerse Psalmes of the Psalter into English meeter whiche are to bee founde amongest those appoynted to be sung in Churches Queene Elizabeth HONI SOIT QVI MAL Y PENCE The cause of your calling hither at this time is to signifie vnto you that all the Lordes here present are certainly certified that God this present morning hath called to his mercie our late soueraigne Ladie Queene Marie which happe as it is most heauie and grieuous vnto vs so haue we no lesse cause an other way to reioyce wyth prayse to almightie God for that he hath left vnto vs a true lawfull and right inheritrice to the crowne of this realme which is the Ladie Elizabeth second daughter to our late soueraigne Lord of noble memorie King Henrie the eight and sister to our sayd late Queene of whose most lawfull right and title in the succession of the crowne thankes be to God wee neede not to doubt Wherefore the Lordes of this house haue determined with your assentes and consents to passe from hence into the Palace and there to proclaim the sayde Ladie Elizabeth Queene of thys realme without further tract of tyme wherevnto the whole house answered with euident appearaunce of ioy God saue Queene Elizabeth long may Queene Elizabeth raigne ouer vs and so this present Parliament beeing dissolued by the acte of God the sayde Lordes immediately calling vnto them the Kings and Principall Herauldes at Armes went into the Palayce of Westmynster and directly before the Hall doore in the foore Noone of the same day after seuerall soundings of trumpets made The Ladie Elizabeth proclaymed Queene in most solemne maner proclamed the newe Queene by thys name and tytle Elizabeth by the grace of God Queene of England Fraunce and Irelande defender of the fayth c. to the great comfort and reioysing of the people as by theyr maners and countenaunces well appeared after which Proclamation made at Westminster the sayde lords to witte the Duke of Norffolke the Lord Treasurer the Erle of Oxforde and diuerse other lords and Bishops with all speede repayred into the Citie of London where the lyke proclamation was made in presence of them and also of the lord Maior and Aldermen in their skarlet gownes at the Crosse in Cheape with no lesse vniuersall ioy and thanks giuing to God of all the hearers and so our sayd most gracious soueraigne Ladie Q. Elizabeth began hir happie raigne ouer this realm of Englande to the great cōfort and gladnesse of al estates vpō the foresaid .xvij. day of Nouēber in the yere after the creation of the world .5525 after the birth of our sauiour .1558 1558 of the Empire of Ferdinando the first Emperor of Rome bearing that name the fyrste In the .xij. yere of the raigne of Henrie the second of that name French King and in the .xvj. yeare of the raigne of Marie Q. of Scotlande The Fryday morning being the .xviij. of Nouember and morrow after the deceasse of Q. The death of Cardinall Poole Marie Reginalde Poole Lorde Cardinall and Archbishop of Canterburie departed this life at Lambeth and was after buryed at Caunterbury in Christs Churche there The Queenes remouing frō Hatfielde On Wednesday the three and twentith of Nouember the Queenes maiestie remoued frō Hatfielde vnto the Charter house in London where she lodged in the Lord Northes house in which remouing and comming thus to the Citie it mighte well appeare how comfortable hir presence was to them that went to receyue hir on the way and likewise to y e great multitudes of people that came abrode to see hir grace shewing their reioycing hearts in countenance and wordes with hartie prayers for hir Maiesties prosperous estate and preseruation whiche no doubt were acceptable to God as by y e sequeale of things it may certaynely be belieued sith hys deuine Maiestie hathe so directed hir doyngs that if euer the commō wealth of this land hath flourished it maye rightly bee saide that in hir most happie raigne it hathe bin most flourishing in peace quietnesse and due administration of iustice mixed with mercifull clemencie so as those whiche cannot contente themselues with the presente state of things vnder hir rule no doubt they are such factious creatures as wil not rest satisfyed with anye kynde of gouernemēt be it neuer so iust and commendable from the which sort of men the Lord deliuer hir royal Maiestie and all hir true and louing subiectes and preserue hir in long life to all our comforts and continue hir in such happie proceedings as she hath begun to the ende On Monday the eyghte and twentith of Nouember about two of the clocke in the after noone hir grace remoueth agayne Hir grace remoueth to the Tower and takyng hir Charet rode from my Lorde Northes house alongst the Barbican and entring by Criplegate into the Citie kept along the wall to Byshoppes gate and so by blanke Chapelton vnto Marke lane At hir entring into blanke Chapelton the artillerie in the
Cunidagâ—…us with an armie 21.13 Margan with his armie discomfited and slayn 21.24 Maesbell battaile fought against the Saxons 122.94 Mariguane Charles ambassadour from the French king 1436 55. Martinus Lieutenant of Britaine defendeth the innocencie of the Britaines against Paulus the Notarie 94.77 Martinus the LieutenaÌ„t slayeth himselfe 95.11 Maximianus beginneth hys reigne ouer Britayne 95.34 Maximianus cousin to the Emperour Constantinus sent for into Britayne from Rome 93.27 Maximianus commeth into Britayne and marryeth Octauius daughter 93.53 Maserfield field fought by the Mercians agaynst the Northumbers 170.7 Maximinianus goeth about to depose his sonne Mareutius and to take himselfe the Empire vpon him 91.11 Maximinianus fleeth vnto Constantinus into Fraunce 91.30 Maximinianus practiseth CoÌ„stantinus destruction 91.23 Maximinianus fleeth from Constantinus vnto Marsiles 91.42 Maximinianus strangled to death 91.46 Maximinus Lieutenant in Britaine vnder Constantinus 92.53 Maurice sonne to Conan Meridock sent to Rome for Maximianus 93.37 Maude Empresse disherited for marrying out of the Realme 365.55 Malcolme Camoir established in the Crowne of Scotland 275.61 Marshal Richard dyeth of a fall from his horse 701.5 Manlius younger brother to Mempricius rebelleth 17.72 Manlius slaine 17.76 Malcolme commeth into England to see King William Rufus 324.53 Malcolme inuadeth England with aâ—… armie 324.63 Malcolme slaine 324.67 Marcharus or Malcherus sonne to Earle Algar made Earle of Northumberland 279 25. Marcharus and Edwyn discomfited by the Norwegians neere to Yorke 284.65 Marcharus submitteth himselfe to King William 291.59 Malus Catulus Roger Vice chauncellour drowned 522.111 Mat. Westm reproued of errour 323.9 Maude wyfe to King William crowned Queene of England 299.18 Margaret Countesse of Salisbury attainted 1570.50 Marshâ—…ll William buryed in the new Temple Church at London 617.23 Mascutius an Archpirate sweareth to be true to King Edgar 231.78 I le of Man conquered 923.10 a. Malgo Nephue to Aurelius Canonus beginneth to raigne ouer Britaine 141.69 Malgo renoumed for beautie and courage 141.74 Malgo dyeth 140.90 Malgo defyled with incest and Sodomitrie 141.84 Maglocunus looke Malgo. Matt. Westin cyted 143.23 and. 153.17 and. 180.78 and. 192.95 and. 213.62 Malesert Castle taken 433.31 Malorie Aukctille 435.21 Malcolme King of Scottes doeth homage to king William of Englande for the Realme of Scotland 307.61 and. 322.53 Malelot 1038.7 b. Marleswyn fleeth into Scotland 298.64 Marshal William Earle of Pembroke dyeth 638.3 Margaret y e Scottish Queene fleeth into England with her newe husband the Earle of Angus 1498.40 returneth into Scotland 1503.30 Maydes drowned or slayne as they were sayling into lytle Britaine 95.104 Mare Tyrrhenum taken for Pyreticum 13.44 London Maior keepeth no feast at the Guild Hal. 1870.21 and. 1872.34 Magdalen a Priest like to king Richard the secoÌ„d pa. 1126. col 1. lin 36. counterfeited to be K. Richard pag. 1127. col 1. lin 19. fleeyng into Scotlandâ—… was taken and brought to the Towre of London pag. 1129. col 1. lin 24. beheaded at London pag. ibidem col ibidem lin 30. Margaret daughter to Henry the seuenth affâ—…ed to Iames the fourth king of Scotland 1456.38 is maryed to the king of Scots 1458.24 Martia wyfe to Guintolinus 28.99 Martia gouerneth Britayne in her sonnes nonage 29.23 Martian lawes first deuised 29.31 Mary daughter to Henry the seuenth promised to Charles king of Castill 1461.10 Maruey Henry knight Vice Chamberlaine made Lorde priuie seale and Lord Maruey 1524.15 Margaret daughter vnto Margaret the Scottishe Queene borne 1498. Matthew Cardinall of Sion Ambassadour from the Emperour 1499.51 Mandubracius sonne to Imanuentius fleeth to Cesar for succour 42.59 Margaret daughter to the French king affianced to Henry sonne to king Henrye the second 398.21 399.71 Marion Henry Counsellour to Prince Arthur 1456.56 Manswetus the Popes Nuncio sent to Henry the thyrde 750.18 Marueilous tempest of wynde on Christmas euen 199.61 Marishe William conspireth the kings death 654.46 Maior and Aldermen of London sworne to be true to king Henry the thyrde 761.58 Marshal William made Erle of Chepstow 475.51 Madoc of Wales taken prisoner 811.57 b. Marble stone brought out of Scotland 822.51 a. Magna Carta confirmed 830.50 a 834.30 b. Maximilian the Emperour elected knight of the Garter 1837.40 Magna Carta confirmed 914.35 b. Manus Citie and Castle taken and throwen downe 543.58 Marlbrough Castle rased by the friendes of king Henrie the third 611.67 Mathew Gourney pag. 1124 col 2. lin 55. Maior of London imprisoned 1081.50 a. Manner of fasting in the olde tyme. 175.7 Maldon battayle fought by the Danes against the Englishmen 238.54 Marshal William created Erle of Striguile and girded with the Swoorde of the same 545.37 Maluoylim Castle builded 326.13 Marchants sustayne great losses 1872.51 Machaire Castle in Fraunce wonne 627.10 Marke Castle betrayed and recouered agayne 1008.2 b. Earle Marshall giueth his inheritance to the king 839.39 a. Eustace Marwell reuolteth 901.13 a. Marius erecteth a stone in token of victorie ouer the Picts 67.73 Marius dyeth and is buried at Caerleil 68.10 Malcolne king of Cumberland sweareth to be true to king Edgar 231.78 Maundeuile Geffray 377.42 Marriage of Priestes absolutely forbidden in England 340.43 Marchenelaghe 29.38 Earle Marshal aydeth the Queene 877.55 b. Maunt taken by the English pag. 1198. col 2. lin 10. Marmion Robert slaine 380.60 Margerie Iordaine witch pa. 1268. co 2. lin 1.9 William Marques of Gulike made Earle 903.50 a. Manâ—…el Iohn Person of Maydstone 660.84 Mategriffon Castle in Sicile buylded by king Richard the first 489.17 Maior and AldermeÌ„ of London made knights 1033.16 a. Matt. Westmin cited 131.59 and. 140.54 Marie Countesse of Perch drowned by shipwracke 357 107. Maundeuile William Earle of Albemarke dyeth 480.44 Mansell Iohn Chaplein to Henrie the thyrd feasteth two kings and two Queenes 743.32 Mary daughter to Henry the seuenth married to Lewes the French king 1495.37 is crowned Queene of Fraunce 1496.29 married to Charles Duke of Suffolke 1497.58 and. 7. Manleon Sauary Lâ—â—utenant in Guyeâ—…ne 619.47 Malmesburie Castle besieged and deliuered 386 65. Marchaâ—…us released out of prison 315.17 Maude the Queene wife to king William dyeth 315.92 Marriage concluded betwixt the Prince of Rothsâ—…y and the Duke of Suffolkes daughter pag. 1407. col 1. lin 3. Marcell or Marcell William taken and kept prisoner in Wallingfoord Castle 380.8 Madan sonne to Lâ—â—â—â—us vndertaketh the gouernment of Britaine 17.52 Madan deuoured by wylde beastes 17.57 Madan Caister or Dancaster builded by Madan 17.60 Mariage concluded to be had betweene the French kings sonne and king Iohns neece 548.27 Maus deliuered to the English pag. 1225. col 2. lin 21. lost by the English pag. 1238. col 1. lin 40. agayne recouered by the English pag. 1238. col 2. lin 40. Maximianus persecuteth the Christians 95.42 Maximianus proclaimed Emperour in Britayne 95.60 Maximianus goeth ouer into Fraunce with an armie 95. Maximilian Duke of Burgoin imprisoned by the Citizens of Bruges 1435.4 subdueth the Rebels 1438.20 defrauded of the heyre of Britayne 1439.4 Maglanus Duke of Albania marrieth Regan