ethelreds_n law_n in_o singulis_fw-la centuriis_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o every_o hundred_o let_v there_o be_v a_o court_n and_o let_v twelve_o ancient_a freeman_n together_o with_o the_o lord_n or_o rather_o according_a to_o the_o saxon_a the_o greve_n i._n e._n the_o chief_a officer_n among_o they_o be_v swear_v that_o they_o will_v not_o condemn_v any_o person_n that_o be_v innocent_a nor_o acquit_v any_o one_o that_o be_v guilty_a 3._o when_o the_o norman_n come_v in_o william_n though_o common_o call_v the_o conqueror_n jurata_fw-la continue_a by_o the_o norman_n see_v spelmans_fw-mi glossar_n in_o the_o word_n jurata_fw-la be_v so_o far_o from_o abrogate_a this_o privilege_n of_o juries_n that_o in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n he_o confirm_v all_o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n law_n and_o the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n whereof_o this_o be_v a_o essential_a and_o most_o material_a part_n nay_o he_o make_v use_v of_o a_o jury_n choose_v in_o every_o county_n to_o report_v and_o certify_v on_o their_o oath_n what_o those_o law_n and_o custom_n be_v as_o appear_v in_o the_o proem_n of_o such_o his_o confirmation_n 4._o charta_fw-la confirm_a by_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la afterward_o when_o the_o great_a charter_n common_o call_v magna_fw-la charta_fw-la which_o be_v nothing_o else_o than_o a_o recital_n confirmation_n and_o corroboration_n of_o our_o ancient_a english_a liberty_n be_v make_v and_o put_v under_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n in_o the_o 9th_o year_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o 3d_o which_o be_v anno_fw-la domini_fw-la 1225._o then_o be_v this_o privilege_n of_o trial_n by_o jury_n in_o a_o especial_a manner_n confirm_v and_o establish_v as_o in_o the_o 14_o chapter_n that_o no_o amercement_n shall_v be_v assess_v but_o by_o the_o oath_n of_o good_a and_o honest_a man_n of_o the_o vicinage_n and_o more_o full_o in_o that_o gold_n on_o nine_o and_o twenty_o chapter_n no_o freeman_n shall_v be_v take_v or_o imprison_v nor_o be_v disseize_v of_o his_o freehold_a or_o liberties_n or_o free_a custom_n or_o be_v outlaw_v or_o exile_v or_o any_o other_o way_n destroy_v nor_o shall_v we_o pass_v upon_o he_o or_o condemn_v he_o but_o by_o the_o lawful_a judgement_n of_o his_o peer_n etc._n etc._n which_o grand_a charter_n have_v be_v confirm_v by_o above_o thirty_o act_n of_o parliament_n the_o say_v right_o of_o juty_n thereby_o and_o by_o constant_a usage_n and_o common_a custom_n of_o england_n which_o be_v the_o common_a law_n be_v bring_v down_o to_o we_o as_o our-undoubted_n birthright_n and_o the_o best_a inheritance_n of_o every_o english_a man_n for_o as_o that_o famous_a lawyer_n chief_a justice_n cook_n in_o the_o word_n of_o cicero_n excellent_o aver_v 56._o 2._o institutes_n fol._n 56._o major_a hereditas_fw-la venit_fw-la unicuique_fw-la nostrum_fw-la a_o jure_fw-la &_o legibus_fw-la quam_fw-la a_o parentibus_fw-la it_o be_v a_o great_a inheritance_n and_o more_o to_o be_v value_v which_o we_o derive_v from_o the_o fundamental_a constitution_n and_o law_n of_o our_o country_n than_o that_o which_o come_v to_o we_o from_o our_o respective_a parent_n for_o without_o the_o former_a we_o have_v no_o claim_n to_o the_o latter_a j._n but_o have_v this_o method_n of_o trial_n never_o be_v attempt_v to_o be_v invade_v or_o justle_v out_o of_o practice_n b._n it_o be_v but_o rare_o that_o any_o have_v arrive_v to_o so_o great_a a_o confidence_n punish_v essay_n make_v to_o overthrow_v trial_n by_o juries_n always_o unsuccessful_a and_o severe_o punish_v for_o it_o be_v a_o most_o dangerous_a thing_n to_o shake_v or_o alter_v any_o of_o the_o rule_n or_o fundamental_a point_n of_o the_o common_a law_n which_o in_o truth_n be_v the_o main_a pillar_n and_o supporter_n of_o the_o fabric_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n these_o be_v judge_n cook_n word_n 74._o word_n 2._o institutes_n pag._n 74._o yet_o sometime_o it_o have_v be_v endeavour_v but_o so_o sacred_a and_o valuable_a be_v the_o institution_n in_o the_o eye_n of_o our_o ancestor_n and_o so_o tenacious_a be_v they_o of_o their_o privilege_n and_o zealous_a to_o maintain_v and_o preserve_v such_o a_o vital_a part_n of_o their_o birthright_n and_o freedom_n that_o no_o such_o attempt_n can_v ever_o prove_v effectual_a but_o always_o end_v with_o the_o shame_n and_o severe_a punishment_n of_o the_o rash_a undertaker_n for_o example_n 1._o andrew_n horn_n a_o eminent_a lawyer_n in_o his_o book_n entitle_v the_o mirror_n of_o justice_n write_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o k._n edw._n 1._o now_o near_o 400_o year_n ago_o in_o the_o five_o chapter_n and_o first_o section_n record_n that_o the_o renown_a saxon_a king_n alfred_n cause_v four_o and_o forty_o justice_n to_o be_v hang_v in_o one_o year_n as_o murderer_n for_o their_o false_a judgement_n and_o there_o recite_v their_o particular_a crime_n most_o of_o they_o be_v in_o one_o kind_n or_o other_o infringement_n violation_n and_o encroachment_n of_o and_o upon_o the_o right_n and_o privilege_n of_o jury_n among_o the_o rest_n that_o worthy_a author_n tell_v we_o he_o hang_v one_o justice_n cadwine_n because_o he_o judge_v one_o hackwy_a to_o death_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o all_o the_o juror_n for_o whereas_o he_o stand_v upon_o his_o jury_n of_o twelve_o man_n because_o three_o of_o they_o will_v have_v save_v he_o this_o cadwine_n remove_v those_o three_o and_o put_v other_o in_o their_o room_n on_o the_o jury_n against_o the_o say_a hackwy_n be_v consent_n where_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o though_o at_o last_o twelve_o man_n do_v give_v a_o verdict_n against_o he_o yet_o those_o so_o put_v upon_o he_o be_v not_o account_v his_o juror_n by_o reason_n all_o or_o any_o of_o they_o who_o be_v first_o swear_v to_o try_v he_o can_v not_o by_o law_n be_v remove_v and_o other_o put_v in_o their_o stead_n and_o that_o such_o illegal_a alteration_n be_v then_o adjudge_v a_o capital_a crime_n and_o forthwith_o the_o say_a cadwine_n be_v hang_v 2._o a_o second_o instance_n i_o shall_v give_v you_o in_o the_o word_n of_o the_o lord_n chief_a justice_n cook_n against_o this_o ancient_a and_o fundamental_a law_n and_o in_o the_o face_n thereof_o there_o be_v in_o the_o 11._o year_n of_o king_n henry_n 7._o 51._o cook_n 2._o part_n of_o institutes_n fol._n 51._o cap._n 3._o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n obtain_v on_o fair_a pretence_n and_o a_o specious_a preamble_n as_o to_o avoid_v divers-mischief_n &c_n &c_n whereby_o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o from_o thenceforth_o as_o well_o justice_n assize_n as_o justice_n of_o the_o peace_n upon_o a_o bare_a information_n for_o the_o king_n before_o they_o make_v without_o any_o find_n or_o presentment_n by_o the_o verdict_n of_o twelve_o man_n shall_v have_v full_a power_n and_o authority_n by_o their_o discretion_n to_o hear_v and_o determine_v all_o offence_n and_o contemt_n commit_v or_o do_v by_o any_o person_n or_o person_n against_o the_o form_n ordinance_n or_o effect_v of_o any_o statute_n make_v and_o not_o repeal_v etc._n etc._n by_o colour_n of_o which_o act_n say_v cook_n shake_v this_o fundamental_a law_n he_o mean_v touch_v all_o trial_n to_o be_v by_o juries_n it_o be_v not_o credible_a what_o horrible_a oppression_n and_o exaction_n to_o the_o undo_n of_o multitude_n of_o people_n be_v commit_v by_o sir_n richard_n enipson_n knight_n and_o edmund_n dudley_n esq_n be_v justice_n of_o the_o peace_n throughout_o england_n and_o upon_o this_o unjust_a and_o injurious_a act_n as_o common_o in_o like_a case_n it_o fall_v out_o a_o new_a office_n be_v erect_v and_o they_o make_v master_n of_o the_o king_n forfeiture_n but_o not_o only_o this_o statute_n be_v just_o soon_o after_o the_o decease_n of_o hen._n 7._o repeal_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 1_o hen._n 8._o cap._n 6._o but_o also_o the_o say_a empson_n and_o dudley_n notwithstanding_o they_o have_v such_o a_o act_n to_o back_v they_o yet_o it_o be_v against_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o consequent_o void_a be_v fair_o execute_v for_o their_o pain_n and_o several_a of_o their_o under_o agent_n 273._o see_v sir_n rich._n baker_n chron._n p._n 273._o as_o promoter_n informer_n and_o the_o like_a severe_o punish_v for_o a_o warn_n to_o all_o other_o that_o shall_v dare_v on_o any_o pretence_n whatsoever_o infringe_v our_o english_a liberty_n for_o so_o the_o lord_n 41._o lord_n 4_o part_n instit_fw-la fol._n 41._o cook_n have_v elsewhere_o with_o detestation_n mention_v their_o story_n pathetical_o conclude_v qui_fw-la eorum_fw-la vestigiis_fw-la insistant_fw-la exitus_fw-la perhorrescant_fw-la let_v all_o those_o who_o shall_v presume_v to_o tread_v their_o step_n tremble_v at_o their_o dreadful_a end_n other_o instance_n of_o a_o latter_a date_n may_v be_v give_v but_o i_o suppose_v these_o may_v suffice_v j._n yes_o sure_o jury_n the_o benefit_n of_o be_v try_v by_o jury_n and_o by_o what_o you_o have_v discourse_v of_o the_o
the_o englishman_n right_n a_o dialogue_n between_o a_o barrister_n at_o law_n and_o a_o juryman_n plain_o set_v forth_o i._o the_o antiquity_n of_o juries_n ii_o the_o excellent_a design_a use_n of_o juries_n iii_o the_o office_n and_o just_a privilege_n of_o juries_n by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n london_n print_v for_o richard_n janeway_n in_o queens-head_n alley_n in_o paternoster-row_n 1680._o the_o english_a man_n right_a etc._n etc._n barrister_n my_o old_a client_n a_o good_a morning_n to_o you_o whither_o so_o fast_o introduction_n the_o introduction_n you_o seem_v intent_n upon_o some_o important_a affair_n juryman_n worthy_a sir_n i_o be_o glad_a to_o see_v you_o thus_o opportune_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o person_n that_o i_o can_v at_o this_o time_n rather_o have_v wish_v to_o meet_v with_o barr._n i_o shall_v esteem_v myself_o happy_a if_o in_o any_o thing_n i_o can_v serve_v you_o the_o business_n i_o pray_v jurym._n i_o be_o summon_v to_o appear_v upon_o a_o jury_n and_o be_v just_a go_v to_o try_v if_o i_o can_v get_v off_o now_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o you_o can_v put_v i_o into_o the_o best_a way_n to_o obtain_v that_o favour_n barr._n it_o be_v probable_a i_o can_v but_o first_o let_v i_o know_v the_o reason_n why_o you_o desire_v to_o decline_v that_o service_n jurym._n you_o know_v sir_n jury_n the_o reason_n why_o fit_a man_n endeavour_v sometime_o to_o avoid_v serve_v on_o jury_n there_o be_v something_o of_o trouble_n and_o loss_n of_o time_n in_o it_o and_o man_n life_n liberty_n and_o estate_n which_o depend_v upon_o a_o jury_n guilty_a or_o not_o guilty_a for_o the_o plaintiff_n or_o for_o the_o defendant_n be_v weighty_a thing_n i_o will_v not_o wrong_v my_o conscience_n for_o a_o world_n nor_o be_v accessary_a to_o any_o man_n ruin_n there_o be_v other_o better_a skill_a in_o such_o matter_n i_o have_v ever_o so_o love_v peace_n that_o i_o have_v forbear_v go_v to_o law_n as_o you_o well_o know_v many_o time_n though_o it_o have_v be_v much_o to_o my_o loss_n barr._n i_o commend_v your_o tenderness_n and_o modesty_n sufficient_a not_o sufficient_a yet_o must_v tell_v you_o these_o be_v but_o general_a and_o weak_a excuse_n as_o for_o your_o time_n and_o trouble_n it_o be_v not_o much_o and_o however_o can_v it_o be_v better_o spend_v than_o in_o do_v justice_n and_o serve_v your_o country_n to_o withdraw_v yourself_o in_o such_o case_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o sacrilege_n a_o rob_n of_o the_o public_a of_o those_o duty_n which_o you_o just_o owe_v it_o the_o more_o peaceable_a man_n you_o have_v be_v the_o more_o fit_a you_o be_v for_o the_o office_n of_o a_o juryman_n be_v conscientious_o to_o judge_v his_o neighbour_n and_o needs_o no_o more_o law_n than_o be_v easy_o learn_v to_o direct_v he_o therein_o i_o look_v upon_o you_o therefore_o as_o a_o man_n well-qualified_a with_o estate_n discretion_n and_o integrity_n and_o if_o all_o such_o as_o you_o shall_v use_v private_a mean_n to_o avoid_v it_o how_o will_v the_o king_n and_o country_n be_v honest_o serve_v at_o that_o rate_n we_o shall_v have_v none_o but_o fool_n or_o knave_n entrust_v in_o this_o grand_a concern_n on_o which_o as_o you_o well_o observe_v the_o life_n liberty_n and_o estate_n of_o all_o englishman_n depend_v your_o tenderness_n not_o to_o be_v accessary_a to_o any_o man_n be_v wrong_v or_o ruin_v be_v as_o i_o say_v much_o to_o be_v commend_v but_o may_v you_o not_o incur_v it_o unaware_o by_o seek_v thus_o to_o avoid_v it_o pilate_n be_v not_o innocent_a because_o he_o wash_v his_o hand_n and_o say_v he_o will_v have_v nothing_o to_o do_v with_o the_o blood_n of_o that_o just_a one_o there_o be_v fault_n of_o omission_n as_o well_o as_o commission_n when_o you_o be_v legal_o call_v to_o try_v such_o a_o cause_n if_o you_o shall_v shuffle_v out_o yourself_o and_o thereby_o person_n perhaps_o less_o conscientious_a happen_v to_o be_v make_v use_n of_o and_o so_o a_o villain_n escape_v justice_n or_o a_o innocent_a man_n be_v ruin_v by_o a_o prepossess_v or_o negligent_a verdict_n can_v you_o think_v yourself_o in_o such_o a_o case_n whole_o blameless_a qui_fw-la non_fw-la prohibet_fw-la cum_fw-la potest_fw-la jubet_fw-la he_o abet_n evil_a that_o prevent_v it_o not_o when_o he_o may_v nec_fw-la caret_fw-la scrupulo_fw-la societatis_fw-la occultae_fw-la qui_fw-la evidentèr_fw-la facinori_fw-la desinit_fw-la obviare_fw-la he_o deserve_v not_o to_o be_v free_a from_o the_o suspicion_n of_o a_o close_a society_n or_o underhand_o con_v piracy_n in_o the_o mischief_n of_o subvert_v the_o fundamental_a law_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o nation_n who_o cease_v to_o obviate_v and_o oppose_v it_o jurym._n true_o i_o think_v a_o man_n be_v bind_v to_o do_v all_o the_o good_a he_o can_v especial_o when_o he_o be_v lawful_o call_v to_o it_o but_o there_o sometime_o happen_v nice_a case_n wherein_o it_o may_v be_v difficult_a to_o discharge_v one_o conscience_n without_o incur_v the_o displeasure_n of_o the_o court_n and_o thence_o trouble_v and_o damage_n may_v arise_v barr._n that_o be_v but_o a_o vain_a and_o needless_a fear_n for_o as_o the_o juror_n privilege_n and_o every_o englishman_n in_a and_o by_o they_o be_v very_o considerable_a so_o the_o law_n have_v no_o less_o provident_o guard_v they_o against_o invasion_n or_o usurpation_n so_o that_o there_o need_v no_o more_o than_o first_o understanding_n to_o know_v your_o duty_n and_o in_o the_o next_o place_n courage_n and_o resolution_n to_o practice_v it_o with_o impartiality_n and_o intergrity_n free_a from_o accurse_a bribery_n and_o malice_n or_o what_o be_v full_a out_o as_o bad_a in_o the_o end_n base_a and_o servile_a fear_n jurym._n i_o be_o satisfy_v that_o as_o it_o be_v for_o the_o advantage_n and_o honour_n of_o the_o public_a that_o man_n of_o understanding_n substance_n and_o honesty_n shall_v be_v employ_v to_o serve_v on_o juries_n that_o justice_n and_o right_n may_v fair_o be_v administer_v so_o it_o be_v their_o own_o interest_n when_o call_v thereunto_o ready_o to_o bestow_v their_o attendance_n and_o service_n to_o prevent_v ill_a precedent_n from_o man_n otherwise_o qualify_v which_o may_v by_o degree_n fatal_o though_o insensible_o undermine_v our_o just_a birthrights_a and_o perhaps_o fall_v heavy_a one_o day_n upon_o we_o or_o our_o posterity_n but_o for_o my_o own_o part_n i_o be_o fearful_a lest_o i_o shall_v suffer_v through_o my_o ignorance_n of_o the_o duty_n and_o office_n of_o a_o juryman_n and_o therefore_o on_o that_o account_n principal_o it_o be_v that_o i_o desire_v to_o be_v excuse_v in_o my_o appearance_n which_o if_o i_o understand_v but_o so_o well_o as_o i_o hope_v may_v other_o do_v i_o will_v with_o all_o my_o heart_n attend_v the_o service_n barr._n you_o speak_v honest_o and_o like_o a_o englishman_n but_o if_o that_o be_v all_o your_o cause_n of_o scruple_n it_o may_v soon_o be_v remove_v if_o you_o will_v but_o give_v yourself_o a_o very_a little_a trouble_n of_o inquiry_n into_o the_o necessary_a provision_n of_o the_o law_n of_o englaâ—â—_n relate_v to_o this_o matter_n j._n there_o be_v nothing_o of_o a_o temporal_a concern_n that_o i_o will_v more_o glad_o be_v inform_v in_o because_o i_o be_o satisfy_v jury_n the_o antiquity_n of_o trial_n jury_n it_o be_v very_o expedient_a to_o be_v general_o know_v and_o first_o i_o will_v learn_v how_o long_a trial_n by_o jury_n have_v be_v use_v in_o this_o nation_n b._n even_o time_n out_o of_o mind_n so_o long_o that_o our_o best_a historian_n can_v date_n the_o original_a of_o the_o institution_n be_v indeed_o cotemporary_a with_o the_o nation_n itself_o or_o in_o use_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o people_n be_v reduce_v to_o any_o form_n of_o civil_a government_n and_o administration_n of_o justice_n not_o have_v the_o several_a conquest_n or_o revolution_n the_o mixture_n of_o foreigner_n or_o the_o mutual_a feud_n of_o the_o native_n at_o any_o time_n be_v able_a to_o suppress_v or_o overthrow_v it_o for_o 1._o that_o juries_n the_o thing_n in_o effect_n and_o substance_n britain_n among_o the_o britain_n though_o purhaps_o not_o just_a the_o number_n of_o twelve_o man_n be_v in_o use_n among_o the_o britain_n the_o first_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o island_n appear_v by_o the_o ancient_a monument_n and_o write_n of_o that_o nation_n attest_v that_o their_o free_a holder_n have_v always_o a_o share_n in_o all_o trial_n and_o determination_n of_o difference_n 2._o most_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o they_o be_v practise_v by_o the_o saxon_n and_o be_v then_o the_o only_a court_n 155._o among_o the_o saxon_n lamb._n p._n 218._o cook_n 1._o par_fw-fr institutes_n fol._n 155._o or_o at_o least_o a_o essential_a and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o all_o court_n of_o judicature_n for_o so_o to_o omit_v a_o multitude_n of_o other_o instance_n we_o find_v in_o king_n
part_n of_o falsehood_n thus_o twelve_o man_n ignorant_o drop_v into_o a_o perjury_n and_o will_v not_o every_o conscientious_a man_n tremble_v to_o pawn_v his_o soul_n under_o the_o sacred_a and_o dreadful_a solemnity_n of_o a_o oath_n to_o attest_v and_o justisie_n a_o lie_n upon_o record_n to_o all_o posterity_n beside_o the_o wrong_n do_v to_o the_o prisoner_n who_o thereby_o perhaps_o come_v to_o be_v hang_v and_o so_o the_o jury_n in_o soro_n conscientioe_v be_v certain_o guilty_a of_o his_o murder_n or_o at_o le_v by_o fine_a or_o imprisonment_n undo_v with_o all_o his_o family_n who_o just_a curse_n will_v fall_v heavy_a on_o such_o unjust_a juryman_n and_o all_o their_o posterity_n that_o against_o their_o oath_n and_o duty_n occasion_v their_o causeless_a misery_n and_o be_v all_o this_o think_v you_o nothing_o but_o a_o matter_n of_o formality_n jurym._n yes_o real_o a_o matter_n of_o vast_a importance_n and_o sad_a consideration_n yet_o i_o think_v you_o charge_v the_o 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be_v too_o late_o shall_v be_v bandy_v to_o and_o fro_o and_o shuffle_v off_o from_o the_o jury_n to_o the_o judge_n and_o from_o the_o judge_n to_o the_o jury_n but_o real_o stick_v fast_o to_o both_o but_o especial_o on_o the_o juror_n because_o the_o very_a end_n of_o their_o institution_n be_v to_o prevent_v all_o danger_n of_o such_o oppression_n and_o in_o every_o such_o case_n they_o do_v not_o only_o wrong_v their_o own_o soul_n and_o irreparable_o injure_v a_o particular_a person_n but_o also_o base_o betray_v the_o liberty_n of_o their_o country_n in_o general_n for_o as_o without_o their_o ill-complyance_a and_o act_n no_o such_o mischief_n can_v happen_v so_o by_o it_o ill_a precedent_n be_v make_v and_o the_o plague_n be_v increase_v honest_a jury_n be_v dishearten_v or_o seduce_v by_o custom_n from_o their_o duty_n just_a privilege_n be_v lose_v by_o disuser_n and_o perhaps_o within_o a_o while_n some_o of_o themselves_o may_v have_v a_o hole_n pick_v in_o their_o coat_n 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such_o menace_n of_o duress_n for_o undoubted_o it_o be_v a_o base_a and_o very_a illegal_a practice_n but_o however_o will_v any_o man_n that_o fear_v god_n nay_o that_o be_v but_o a_o honest_a heathen_a debauch_n his_o conscience_n and_o forswear_v himself_o do_v his_o neighbour_n injustice_n betray_v his_o country_n liberty_n and_o consequent_o enslave_v himself_o and_o his_o posterity_n and_o all_o this_o mere_o because_o he_o be_v hector_v and_o threaten_v a_o little_a jurym._n i_o know_v it_o shall_v not_o sway_v with_o any_o but_o alas_o a_o prison_n be_v terrible_a to_o most_o man_n whatever_o the_o cause_n be_v and_o the_o fine_a may_v besuch_v if_o one_o shall_v refuse_v to_o comply_v as_o may_v utter_o ruin_v once_o family_n barr._n fright_v not_o yourself_o court._n juror_n can_v be_v fine_v or_o imprison_v in_o any_o case_n for_o give_v their_o verdict_n according_a to_o their_o conscience_n though_o contrary_a to_o the_o direction_n or_o sense_n of_o the_o court._n 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the_o direction_n of_o the_o court_n in_o matter_n of_o law_n shall_v be_v understand_v that_o if_o the_o judge_n have_v hear_v the_o evidence_n give_v in_o court_n for_o he_o can_v regular_o know_v no_o other_o though_o the_o jury_n may_v shall_v tell_v the_o jury_n upon_o this_o evidence_n the_o law_n be_v for_o the_o plaintiff_n or_o the_o defendant_n and_o the_o jury_n be_v under_o pain_n of_o fine_a and_o imprisonment_n to_o find_v according_o then_o it_o be_v plain_a the_o jury_n ought_v of_o duty_n so_o to_o do_v now_o if_o this_o be_v true_a who_o see_v not_o that_o the_o jury_n be_v but_o a_o trouble_n some_o doldy_n of_o great_a charge_n much_o formality_n and_o no_o real_a use_n in_o determine_v right_a and_o wrong_n but_o mere_a echo_n to_o sound_v back_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o court_n and_o consequent_o that_o trial_n by_o they_o may_v be_v better_o abolish_v than_o continue_v which_o be_v at_o once_o to_o spit_v folly_n in_o the_o face_n of_o our_o venerable_a 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court._n as_o when_o any_o man_n be_v indict_v and_o no_o evidence_n come_v against_o he_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o court_n always_o be_v you_o be_v to_o acquit_v he_o unless_o of_o your_o own_o knowledge_n you_o know_v he_o guilty_a so_o that_o even_o in_o that_o case_n they_o may_v find_v he_o guilty_a without_o any_o witness_n now_o how_o absurd_a be_v it_o to_o think_v that_o any_o judge_n have_v power_n to_o fine_a a_o jury_n for_o go_v against_o their_o evidence_n when_o he_o that_o so_o fine_v know_v perhaps_o nothing_o of_o their_o evidence_n at_o all_o as_o in_o the_o last_o case_n or_o at_o least_o but_o some_o part_n of_o it_o for_o how_o be_v it_o possible_a he_o shall_v lawful_o punish_v they_o for_o that_o which_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o he_o to_o know_v last_o be_v any_o thing_n more_o common_a than_o for_o two_o lawyer_n or_o judge_n to_o deduce_v contrary_a and_o opposite_a conclusion_n out_o of_o the_o same_o case_n in_o law_n and_o why_o then_o may_v not_o 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reason_n then_o undoubted_o this_o practice_n of_o fine_v of_o juries_n be_v most_o illegal_a since_o there_o can_v be_v any_o thing_n more_o unreasonable_a but_o what_o authority_n have_v you_o against_o it_o barr._n you_o have_v hear_v it_o prove_v to_o be_v a_o modern_a upstart_a encroachment_n so_o you_o can_v expect_v any_o direct_a or_o express_v condemnation_n of_o it_o in_o ancient_a time_n because_o the_o thing_n be_v not_o then_o set_v on_o foot_n and_o by_o the_o way_n though_o negative_a argument_n be_v not_o necessary_o conclusive_a yet_o that_o we_o meet_v with_o no_o precedent_n of_o old_a of_o juries_n fine_v for_o give_v their_o verdict_n contrary_a to_o evidence_n or_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o court_n be_v a_o violent_a presumption_n that_o it_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v do_v for_o it_o can_v be_v suppose_v that_o this_o latter_a age_n do_v first_o of_o all_o discover_v that_o verdict_n be_v many_o time_n not_o according_a to_o the_o judge_n opinion_n and_o like_n undoubted_o they_o see_v that_o as_o well_o as_o we_o but_o know_v the_o same_o not_o to_o be_v any_o crime_n or_o punishable_a by_o law_n be_v so_o modest_a and_o honest_a as_o not_o to_o meddle_v with_o it_o however_o what_o entertainment_n it_o have_v meet_v with_o when_o attempt_v in_o our_o time_n i_o shall_v show_v you_o in_o two_o remarkable_a case_n 1._o when_o the_o late_a lord_n chief_a justice_n keeling_n have_v attempt_v something_o of_o that_o kind_n it_o be_v complain_v of_o and_o high_o resent_v by_o the_o then_o parliament_n as_o appear_v by_o this_o copy_n of_o their_o proceed_n thereupon_o take_v out_o of_o their_o journal_n as_o follow_v die_v mercurii_n 11._o decembris_fw-la 1667._o the_o house_n resume_v the_o hear_v of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o report_n touch_v the_o matter_n of_o restraint_n upon_o juries_n and_o that_o upon_o the_o examination_n of_o divers_a witness_n in_o several_a case_n of_o restraint_n put_v upon_o jury_n by_o the_o lord_n chief_a justice_n keeling_n and_o thereupon_o resolve_v as_o follow_v first_o that_o the_o proceed_n of_o the_o say_a lord_n chief_a justice_n in_o the_o case_n now_o report_a be_v innovation_n in_o the_o trial_n of_o man_n for_o their_o life_n and_o liberty_n and_o that_o he_o have_v use_v a_o arbitrary_a and_o illegal_a power_n which_o be_v of_o dangerous_a consequence_n to_o the_o life_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o people_n of_o england_n and_o tend_v to_o the_o introduce_v of_o a_o arbitrary_a government_n second_o that_o in_o the_o place_n of_o judicature_n the_o lord_n chief_a justice_n have_v undervalue_v vilify_v &_o contemn_a magna_fw-la charta_fw-la the_o great_a preserver_n of_o our_o life_n freedom_n and_o property_n three_o that_o he_o be_v bring_v to_o trial_n in_o order_n to_o condign_a punishment_n in_o such_o manner_n as_o the_o house_n shall_v judge_v most_o fit_a and_o requisite_a die_fw-la veneris_fw-la 13._o decembris_fw-la 1667._o resolve_v etc._n etc._n that_o the_o precedent_n and_o practice_n of_o fine_v or_o imprison_v of_o juror_n for_o give_v their_o verdict_n be_v illegal_a here_o you_o see_v it_o brand_v in_o parliament_n next_o you_o shall_v see_v it_o formal_o condemn_v on_o a_o solemn_a argument_n by_o the_o judge_n the_o case_n thus_o at_o the_o session_n for_o london_n sept._n 1670._o william_n pen_n jury_n the_o sum_n of_o the_o case_n of_o bishel_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o mr._n pen_n and_o mr._n meads_n jury_n and_o william_n mead_n two_o of_o the_o people_n common_o call_v quaker_n be_v indict_v for_o that_o they_o with_o other_o to_o the_o number_n of_o 300_o on_o the_o 14_o aug._n 22._o regis_fw-la in_o gray-church-street_n do_v with_o force_n and_o arm_n etc._n etc._n unlawful_o and_o tumultuous_o assemble_v and_o congregate_v themselves_o together_o to_o the_o disturbance_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o that_o the_o say_v william_n pen_n do_v there_o preach_v and_o speak_v to_o the_o say_a mead_n and_o other_o person_n in_o the_o open_a street_n by_o reason_n whereof_o a_o great_a concourse_n and_o tumult_n of_o people_n in_o the_o street_n aforesaid_a then_o and_o there_o a_o long_a time_n do_v remain_v and_o continue_v in_o contempt_n of_o our_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n and_o of_o his_o law_n to_o the_o great_a disturbance_n of_o his_o peace_n to_o the_o great_a terror_n and_o disturbance_n of_o many_o of_o his_o liege_n people_n and_o subject_n to_o the_o ill_a example_n of_o all_o other_o in_o the_o like_a case_n offender_n and_o against_o the_o peace_n of_o our_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n his_o crown_n and_o dignity_n the_o prisoner_n plead_v not_o guilty_a it_o be_v prove_v that_o there_o be_v a_o metting_n at_o the_o time_n in_o the_o indictment_n mention_v in_o gray-church-street_n consist_v of_o three_o or_o four_o hundred_o people_n in_o the_o open_a street_n that_o william_n pen_n be_v