be_v full_o stock_v with_o man_n lest_o the_o same_o licence_n shall_v again_o increase_v god_n think_v fit_a to_o restrain_v it_o by_o a_o more_o severe_a punishment_n so_o that_o correct_v the_o lenity_n of_o the_o former_a age_n what_o nature_n before_o judge_v not_o unjust_a he_o himself_o permit_v to_o be_v do_v namely_o that_o he_o that_o shed_v man_n blood_n shall_v himself_o be_v put_v to_o death_n and_o that_o he_o that_o kill_v a_o homicide_n shall_v be_v hold_v innocent_a but_o afterward_o tribunal_n be_v erect_v this_o power_n for_o many_o weighty_a reason_n be_v transfer_v to_o judge_n only_o yet_o so_o that_o some_o print_n of_o that_o ancient_a custom_n be_v to_o be_v see_v even_o after_o moses_n his_o law_n be_v give_v whereof_o more_o shall_v be_v say_v anon_o as_o may_v appear_v by_o that_o right_n which_o be_v grant_v unto_o he_o that_o be_v next_o of_o kin_n unto_o he_o that_o have_v be_v slay_v we_o have_v abraham_n practice_n to_o justify_v this_o gloss_n who_o though_o he_o very_o well_o know_v the_o law_n that_o god_n give_v unto_o noah_n gen._n 9.6_o yet_o take_v arm_n against_o the_o four_o king_n presume_v on_o that_o principle_n of_o nature_n that_o to_o destroy_v the_o destroyer_n be_v not_o displease_v to_o the_o god_n of_o nature_n thus_o moses_n command_v the_o israelite_n to_o fight_v the_o amalekite_n who_o with_o arm_n oppose_v their_o passage_n into_o canaan_n have_v no_o other_o warrant_n for_o so_o do_v than_o the_o bare_a law_n of_o nature_n for_o it_o appear_v not_o that_o in_o this_o as_o in_o other_o like_a case_n he_o consult_v with_o god_n at_o all_o exod._n 17.9_o 17.9_o exod._n 17.9_o whereunto_o we_o may_v likewise_o add_v that_o capital_a punishment_n be_v execute_v not_o against_o murder_n only_o but_o against_o other_o great_a crime_n and_o that_o not_o among_o the_o gentile_n only_o but_o even_o among_o the_o patriarch_n as_o the_o story_n of_o judah_n and_o thamar_n do_v clear_o evince_v gen._n 38.14_o 38.14_o 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which_o god_n give_v to_o the_o hebrew_n by_o himself_o moses_n incestuous_a marriage_n forbid_v before_o moses_n incestuous_a marriage_n be_v certain_o forbid_v by_o some_o law_n before_o moses_n his_o time_n for_o which_o god_n be_v say_v to_o visit_v the_o heathen_a and_o to_o cast_v they_o out_o for_o it_o have_v not_o be_v account_v as_o a_o sin_n and_o so_o not_o punishable_a by_o desolation_n have_v there_o be_v no_o law_n to_o forbid_v it_o and_o yet_o we_o do_v not_o find_v it_o in_o any_o place_n express_o prohibit_v until_o moses_n record_v it_o as_o punish_v leu._n 18._o among_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v command_v by_o god_n to_o the_o son_n of_o noah_n they_o reckon_v this_o that_o not_o only_a murder_n but_o adultery_n incest_n and_o violent_a rape_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v with_o death_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v confirm_v as_o well_o by_o the_o story_n of_o abimelech_n gen._n 20.6_o 20.6_o gen._n 20.6_o as_o by_o the_o word_n of_o holy_a job_n job_n 31.11_o 31.11_o 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on_o malefactor_n or_o for_o undertake_v a_o war_n mere_o as_o war_n as_o they_o be_v to_o reprove_v other_o sin_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a who_o will_v not_o think_v but_o that_o see_v moses_n judicial_a law_n be_v observe_v to_o carry_v the_o stamp_n of_o the_o divine_a law_n those_o nation_n do_v wise_o and_o pious_o who_o form_v their_o law_n according_a to_o that_o original_n as_o questionless_a the_o greek_n especial_o the_o attick_n do_v and_o from_o they_o the_o roman_n in_o their_o law_n of_o the_o twelve_o table_n but_o let_v this_o suffice_v to_o prove_v that_o the_o law_n of_o noah_n be_v not_o so_o to_o be_v understand_v as_o they_o conceive_v who_o by_o they_o will_v evince_v all_o war_n to_o be_v unlawful_a vi_o caution_n concern_v the_o lawfulness_n of_o war_n by_o the_o gospel_n law_n but_o much_o more_o specious_a be_v those_o argument_n which_o be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o new_a testament_n against_o war_n in_o the_o examination_n whereof_o i_o shall_v not_o take_v that_o as_o grant_v which_o some_o do_v that_o there_o be_v nothing_o in_o the_o new_a testament_n command_v except_o matter_n of_o faith_n and_o the_o sacrament_n but_o what_o be_v command_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n for_o this_o in_o that_o sense_n wherein_o they_o take_v it_o i_o can_v admit_v it_o but_o this_o i_o willing_o grant_v that_o there_o caution_n 1_o be_v nothing_o command_v in_o the_o gospel_n but_o what_o be_v natural_o honest_a but_o that_o the_o law_n of_o christ_n do_v not_o oblige_v we_o further_o than_o to_o what_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n do_v by_o itself_o bind_v we_o i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o i_o shall_v admit_v and_o for_o they_o that_o approve_v of_o this_o opinion_n it_o be_v a_o wonder_n to_o see_v what_o pain_n they_o take_v to_o prove_v that_o polygamy_n divorce_n fornication_n which_o we_o find_v forbid_v in_o the_o new_a testament_n be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n unlawful_a hence_o be_v that_o of_o st._n jerome_n aliae_fw-la sunt_fw-la leges_fw-la caesaris_fw-la alia_fw-la christi_fw-la aliud_fw-la papinianus_n aliud_fw-la paulus_n noster_fw-la praecipit_fw-la the_o law_n of_o caesar_n be_v one_o and_o the_o law_n of_o christ_n another_o it_o be_v one_o thing_n that_o papinian_n prescribe_v unto_o we_o and_o another_o what_o st._n paul_n command_v it_o be_v true_a thâ—se_a be_v such_o as_o â—ight_a reason_n tell_v we_o to_o abstain_v from_o be_v more_o agreeable_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o honesty_n but_o not_o such_o as_o be_v in_o themselves_o impious_a but_o only_o as_o they_o be_v by_o the_o divine_a law_n forbid_v but_o as_o to_o that_o which_o the_o christian_a law_n enjoin_v we_o namely_o that_o we_o shall_v lay_v down_o our_o life_n one_o for_o another_o 3.16_o john_n 3.16_o who_o can_v say_v that_o we_o be_v oblige_v thereunto_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n it_o be_v for_o those_o that_o do_v not_o yet_o believe_v the_o gospel_n lenaâ—_n ad_fw-la lenaâ—_n to_o be_v guide_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n say_v justin_n caution_n 2_o martyr_n of_o which_o opinion_n likewise_o be_v origen_n neither_o can_v i_o assent_v unto_o those_o who_o hold_v that_o christ_n in_o his_o sermon_n on_o the_o mount_n do_v only_o interpret_v and_o as_o it_o be_v embowel_v the_o law_n of_o moses_n for_o those_o word_n so_o often_o repeat_v you_o have_v hear_v that_o it_o have_v be_v say_v to_o they_o of_o old_a but_o i_o say_v unto_o you_o do_v plain_o signify_v another_o thing_n yea_o and_o the_o syriack_n and_o other_o translation_n do_v clear_o show_v that_o by_o veteribus_fw-la be_v understand_v not_o by_o but_o to_o they_o of_o old_a as_o in_o the_o opposite_a word_n vobis_fw-la be_v not_o mean_v by_o but_o to_o you_o but_o those_o of_o old_a be_v none_o other_o but_o such_o as_o live_v in_o moses_n
he_o refer_v to_o optimacy_n as_o that_o of_o the_o consul_n which_o he_o refer_v to_o monarchy_n be_v both_o of_o they_o subject_n to_o the_o power_n of_o the_o people_n now_o the_o self_n same_o may_v be_v say_v in_o answer_n to_o all_o other_o the_o opinion_n of_o those_o that_o write_v of_o politic_n who_o haply_o think_v it_o more_o agreeable_a to_o their_o purpose_n to_o gaze_v on_o the_o extern_a face_n and_o daily_a administration_n of_o the_o sovereignty_n than_o unto_o the_o very_o right_o of_o it_o itself_o xx._n true_a example_n much_o more_o pertinent_a to_o the_o matter_n be_v that_o of_o aristotle_n who_o say_v that_o between_o a_o full_a and_o absolute_a monarchy_n and_o that_o like_a unto_o the_o laconian_a be_v but_o a_o mere_a principality_n there_o be_v some_o of_o a_o mix_v kind_n whereof_o we_o have_v a_o example_n as_o i_o conceive_v in_o the_o isâ—aelitish_n king_n who_o doubtless_o in_o most_o thing_n govern_v by_o a_o full_a power_n government_n mix_v government_n for_o such_o a_o king_n the_o people_n require_v as_o their_o neighbour_n nation_n have_v suppose_v as_o josephus_n testify_v that_o if_o they_o be_v govern_v like_o unto_o their_o neighbour_n they_o shall_v suffer_v no_o inconvenience_n not_o consider_v that_o all_o the_o eastern_a nation_n except_o themselves_o be_v under_o a_o slavish_a government_n so_o atossa_n in_o aeschylus_n speak_v to_o the_o persian_n of_o their_o king_n say_v that_o he_o be_v not_o accountable_a to_o the_o city_n for_o what_o he_o do_v that_o of_o virgil_n be_v well_o know_v nor_o egypt_n nor_o vast_a lydia_n nor_o mede_n nor_o parthian_n thus_o their_o king_n obey_v livy_n give_v this_o character_n of_o the_o syrian_n and_o all_o the_o asian_a people_n that_o they_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o man_n bear_v to_o be_v slave_n not_o much_o unlike_a be_v that_o of_o apollonius_n in_o philostratus_n the_o assyrian_n and_o mede_n do_v adore_v their_o king_n nor_o that_o of_o aristotle_n 14._o pol._n l._n 3._o c._n 14._o all_o the_o asian_o do_v patient_o submit_v to_o monarchy_n and_o to_o the_o same_o sense_n be_v that_o civilis_fw-la batavus_fw-la to_o the_o gaul_n in_o tacitus_n the_o syrian_n and_o asian_o might_n well_o serve_v 4._o hist_o l._n 4._o because_o all_o the_o oriental_a people_n be_v accustom_v to_o be_v govern_v by_o absolute_a monarch_n not_o but_o that_o there_o be_v even_o at_o that_o time_n king_n also_o both_o in_o germany_n and_o france_n but_o as_o the_o same_o tacitus_n there_o observe_v absolute_a all_o the_o asian_a king_n absolute_a they_o be_v such_o as_o govern_v for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o a_o precarious_a way_n or_o as_o i_o say_v before_o more_o by_o a_o persuasive_a than_o by_o a_o coercive_a power_n we_o observe_v before_o that_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o people_n of_o israel_n be_v under_o their_o king_n and_o samuel_n describe_v the_o government_n of_o king_n sufficient_o prove_v that_o against_o the_o injury_n do_v by_o they_o there_o remain_v no_o power_n at_o all_o in_o the_o people_n either_o to_o resist_v or_o revenge_n which_o the_o ancient_n do_v right_o gather_v from_o those_o word_n of_o king_n david_n tibi_fw-la soli_fw-la peccavi_fw-la unto_o thou_o only_o have_v i_o sin_v because_o as_o st._n hierom_n upon_o that_o place_n gloss_v david_n be_v a_o king_n stand_v in_o fear_n of_o none_o but_o god_n as_o have_v no_o other_o judge_n but_o he_o so_o likewise_o st._n ambrose_n david_n be_v a_o king_n and_o so_o subject_a to_o no_o law_n for_o king_n be_v free_a from_o those_o shackle_n wherewith_o their_o subject_n crime_n do_v entangle_v they_o they_o fear_v no_o punishment_n be_v secure_v by_o the_o power_n of_o the_o empire_n to_o man_n therefore_o he_o sin_v not_o because_o to_o he_o he_o be_v not_o accountable_a for_o his_o action_n apposite_z to_o this_o be_v that_o of_o vitiges_n in_o cassiodore_n causa_fw-la regiae_fw-la potestatis_fw-la supernis_fw-la est_fw-la applicanda_fw-la judiciis_fw-la quandoquidem_fw-la illa_fw-la coelo_fw-la petita_fw-la est_fw-la ita_fw-la soli_fw-la coelo_fw-la debet_fw-la innocentiam_fw-la the_o cause_n of_o a_o king_n be_v to_o be_v refer_v to_o god_n tribunal_n for_o from_o whence_o he_o derive_v his_o power_n to_o he_o only_o he_o owe_v his_o innocence_n and_o in_o case_n of_o such_o oppression_n god_n himself_o prescribe_v the_o only_a remedy_n that_o the_o people_n can_v have_v against_o their_o king_n namely_o prayer_n and_o tear_n and_o you_o shall_v cry_v out_o in_o that_o day_n because_o of_o the_o king_n who_o you_o have_v choose_v 1_o sam._n 8.18_o he_o do_v not_o encourage_v they_o to_o rebel_n nor_o do_v he_o prescribe_v any_o legal_a way_n of_o proceed_v against_o they_o only_o they_o may_v cry_v unto_o the_o lord_n and_o if_o he_o hear_v they_o not_o they_o must_v suffer_v with_o patience_n nor_o do_v samuel_n insinuate_v this_o to_o the_o jew_n as_o if_o it_o be_v nudum_fw-la factum_fw-la that_o be_v that_o king_n abuse_v their_o power_n will_v do_v so_o but_o as_o if_o it_o be_v jus_fw-la regium_fw-la a_o right_a proper_a to_o kingly_a government_n to_o do_v so_o the_o jew_n themselves_o grant_v that_o if_o their_o king_n do_v transgress_v those_o law_n which_o moses_n prescribe_v unto_o they_o they_o be_v to_o be_v beat_v with_o rods._n but_o this_o be_v no_o reproach_n unto_o they_o neither_o be_v it_o by_o compulsion_n but_o by_o a_o voluntary_a susception_n as_o a_o sign_n of_o their_o penitence_n nor_o be_v it_o do_v by_o any_o public_a officer_n but_o as_o he_o impose_v it_o upon_o himself_o free_o so_o he_o choose_v who_o he_o please_v to_o do_v it_o and_o prescribe_v both_o the_o manner_n and_o measure_n of_o his_o own_o punishment_n but_o from_o all_o coercive_a punishment_n their_o king_n be_v so_o free_a that_o even_o that_o law_n of_o excalciation_n deut._n 25.9_o because_o it_o be_v not_o without_o some_o reproach_n be_v not_o in_o force_n against_o they_o yet_o notwithstanding_o all_o this_o there_o be_v some_o case_n whereof_o their_o king_n have_v no_o right_n at_o all_o to_o judge_v but_o they_o be_v reserve_v to_o the_o great_a sanhedrim_n or_o council_n of_o the_o 70._o elder_n which_o be_v institute_v by_o moses_n at_o god_n special_a command_n continue_v by_o a_o perpetual_a supply_n of_o election_n until_o the_o day_n of_o herod_n for_o which_o cause_n 6._o deut._n 1.17_o pâ—al_a 82.1_o 6._o they_o be_v by_o moses_n and_o david_n frequent_o call_v god_n and_o their_o judgement_n god_n judgement_n and_o those_o judge_n be_v likewise_o say_v to_o judge_v not_o for_o man_n but_o for_o god_n 2_o chron._n 19.6_o 8._o nay_o there_o be_v a_o plain_a distinction_n make_v between_o the_o thing_n of_o god_n and_o the_o thing_n of_o the_o king_n 2_o chron._n 19.11_o where_o by_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o lord_n as_o the_o most_o learned_a among_o the_o jew_n do_v interpret_v it_o be_v mean_v the_o administer_a of_o judgement_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o god_n that_o the_o king_n of_o judah_n do_v by_o themselves_o sometime_o inflict_v capital_a punishment_n i_o can_v deny_v wherein_o maimonides_n prefer_v those_o king_n before_o the_o king_n of_o israel_n which_o be_v sufficient_o clear_v by_o many_o example_n both_o in_o holy_a writ_n and_o also_o in_o other_o hebrew_n author_n but_o yet_o the_o cognizance_n of_o some_o cause_n be_v not_o permit_v unto_o they_o as_o that_o of_o the_o tribe_n that_o of_o the_o high_a priest_n that_o of_o a_o prophet_n for_o it_o can_v be_v say_v our_o saviour_n that_o a_o prophet_n perish_v out_o of_o jerusalem_n luke_n 13.33_o and_o this_o be_v evident_a by_o the_o story_n of_o jeremy_n who_o when_o the_o prince_n demand_v to_o death_n the_o king_n answer_v they_o behold_v he_o be_v in_o your_o power_n for_o against_o you_o the_o king_n can_v do_v nothing_o jer._n 38.5_o 38.5_o jer._n 38.5_o yea_o and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o that_o be_v condemn_v by_o the_o sanhedrim_n can_v not_o be_v release_v by_o the_o king_n himself_o and_o therefore_o hircanus_n 6._o jos_n ant._n l._n 14._o c._n 17._o in_o criminal_a case_n the_o king_n of_o macedon_n power_n avail_v nothing_o curt._n lib._n 4._o curtius_n lib._n 6._o when_o he_o see_v he_o can_v not_o hinder_v the_o sanhedrim_n from_o pass_v sentence_n against_o herod_n advise_v he_o by_o flight_n to_o secure_v himself_o in_o macedonia_n they_o that_o derive_v their_o pedigree_n from_o caranus_n as_o calisthenes_n in_o arianus_n report_v obtain_v the_o government_n not_o by_o force_n but_o by_o law_n now_o the_o macedonian_n though_o they_o be_v accustom_v to_o regal_a government_n yet_o have_v a_o great_a smack_n of_o liberty_n than_o other_o nation_n for_o it_o be_v not_o in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o king_n himself_o to_o take_v away_o the_o life_n of_o any_o citizen_n it_o be_v the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o the_o macedonian_n in_o criminal_a
the_o ancient_a estate_n shall_v return_v from_o whence_o it_o descend_v and_o to_o their_o child_n x._o but_o that_o which_o be_v late_o gain_v to_o the_o near_a in_o blood_n xi_o the_o law_n touch_v succession_n be_v diverse_a xii_o how_o succession_n take_v place_n in_o patrimonial_a kingdom_n xiii_o in_o kingdom_n indivisible_a the_o first-born_a to_o be_v prefer_v fourteen_o that_o kingdom_n which_o by_o the_o people_n consent_n be_v hereditary_a if_o in_o doubt_n be_v presume_v indivisible_a xv._o the_o succession_n not_o to_o last_v beyond_o the_o line_n of_o the_o first_o king_n xvi_o natural_a issue_n not_o at_o all_o concern_v in_o it_o xvii_o the_o male_a issue_n prefer_v before_o the_o female_a within_o the_o same_o degree_n xviii_o of_o the_o male_n the_o elder_a be_v to_o be_v prefer_v xix_o whether_o such_o a_o kingdom_n be_v part_n of_o a_o inheritance_n xx._n it_o may_v be_v presume_v that_o the_o right_n of_o succession_n to_o a_o kingdom_n do_v agree_v with_o that_o of_o succession_n to_o other_o thing_n at_o that_o time_n when_o that_o kingdom_n begin_v whether_o absolute_a xxi_o or_o hold_v of_o another_o in_o fee_n xxii_o of_o lineal_a suceession_n to_o the_o next_o in_o blood_n whether_o males_n or_o female_n and_o how_o the_o right_a be_v thereby_o transmit_v xxiii_o of_o lineal_a succession_n to_o the_o male_a issue_n only_o call_v agnatical_a succession_n xxiv_o of_o that_o succession_n which_o always_o respect_v the_o near_a to_o the_o first_o king_n only_o xxv_o whether_o a_o son_n may_v be_v exheredate_v so_o as_o to_o bar_v his_o succession_n to_o the_o crown_n xxvi_o whether_o a_o king_n may_v for_o himself_o and_o his_o child_n renounce_v his_o kingdom_n xxvii_o concern_v the_o right_n of_o succession_n the_o judgement_n to_o speak_v proper_o be_v neither_o in_o the_o king_n nor_o people_n xxviii_o a_o son_n bear_v before_o his_o father_n be_v king_n shall_v be_v prefer_v before_o he_o that_o be_v postnate_a xxix_o unless_o it_o be_v otherwise_o provide_v by_o some_o other_o law_n xxx_o whether_o the_o elder_a brother_n decease_v his_o son_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o young_a brother_n explain_v by_o distinction_n xxxi_o also_o whether_o the_o young_a brother_n live_v be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o king_n elder_a brother_n son_n xxxii_o whether_o the_o king_n brother_n son_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o king_n uncle_n xxxiii_o whether_o the_o king_n son_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o king_n daughter_n xxxiv_o whether_o the_o young_a son_n of_o a_o king_n son_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o elder_a son_n of_o a_o daughter_n xxxv_o whether_o the_o daughter_n of_o the_o elder_a son_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o young_a son_n xxxvi_o whether_o the_o son_n of_o a_o sister_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o daughter_n of_o a_o brother_n xxxvii_o whether_o the_o daughter_n of_o a_o elder_a brother_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o young_a brother_n i._o some_o of_o the_o civil_a law_n unjust_a have_v thus_o show_v what_o right_o may_v be_v derive_v from_o another_o by_o his_o act_n now_o we_o be_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o right_n that_o be_v derive_v from_o another_o by_o law_n and_o this_o be_v either_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o by_o the_o voluntary_a law_n of_o nation_n or_o from_o the_o civil_a law_n it_o be_v endless_a to_o treat_v here_o of_o the_o civil_a law_n neither_o be_v the_o main_a controversy_n concern_v war_n thereby_o determine_v and_o therefore_o we_o shall_v purposely_o omit_v it_o yet_o be_v it_o worth_a our_o observation_n to_o know_v that_o some_o of_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v apparent_o unjust_a as_o that_o which_o adjudge_v good_n shipwrack_v unto_o the_o king_n coffer_n for_o to_o take_v away_o another_o right_a and_o propriety_n without_o any_o precede_a cause_n that_o be_v probable_a be_v a_o manifest_a injury_n thus_o plead_v helen_n in_o euripides_n helen_n helen_n wreck_v and_o a_o stranger_n come_v i_o in_o such_o to_o despoil_v be_v horrid_a sin_n for_o what_o right_o say_v constantine_n can_v the_o misfortune_n of_o another_o create_v to_o a_o king_n that_o he_o shall_v be_v enrich_v by_o a_o calamity_n so_o much_o to_o be_v pity_v 12._o lib._n 1._o c._n the_o naâ—f_n l._n 12._o and_o therefore_o dion_n prusaeensis_n in_o a_o oration_n of_o his_o concern_v shipwreck_n cry_v out_o absit_fw-la o_o jupiter_n ut_fw-la lucrum_fw-la captemus_fw-la tale_n ex_fw-la hominum_fw-la infortunio_fw-la farneze_n be_v it_o o_o jupiter_n from_o i_o to_o take_v such_o advantage_n by_o other_o man_n misfortune_n and_o yet_o such_o a_o right_o do_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n very_o unjust_o give_v as_o among_o the_o english_a the_o sicilian_n and_o such_o a_o ancient_a law_n sopater_n mention_n to_o be_v in_o force_n in_o greece_n christian_n king_n of_o denmark_n upon_o the_o abrogate_a of_o this_o law_n complain_v that_o he_o lose_v a_o hundred_o thousand_o crown_n yearly_a nicetas_n speak_v of_o this_o law_n call_v it_o a_o custom_n so_o barbarous_a as_o be_v not_o to_o be_v name_v what_o then_o be_v bodines_n meaning_n to_o defend_v this_o law_n he_o namely_o who_o reprehend_v papinian_n for_o choose_v rather_o to_o die_v than_o to_o act_v against_o his_o own_o conscience_n ii_o a_o man_n may_v have_v a_o right_a to_o that_o which_o he_o take_v from_o another_o and_o when_o propriety_n or_o dominion_n be_v introduce_v it_o follow_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n that_o thing_n be_v alienable_a two_o way_n first_o by_o commutation_n which_o consist_v in_o the_o make_n up_o of_o that_o right_n which_o i_o want_v whereby_o the_o balance_n of_o justice_n may_v be_v make_v even_o or_o second_o by_o succession_n now_o alienation_n by_o way_n of_o commutation_n or_o expletion_n be_v when_o for_o something_o that_o be_v or_o aught_o to_o be_v i_o which_o i_o can_v receive_v in_o kind_n i_o take_v from_o he_o that_o detain_v it_o or_o somewhat_o in_o lieu_n thereof_o that_o be_v some_o other_o thing_n of_o equal_a value_n thus_o irenaeus_n excuse_v the_o hebrew_n for_o rob_v the_o egyptian_n of_o their_o good_n 6._o see_v book_n 3._o ch_n 7._o §._o 6._o which_o say_v he_o they_o may_v take_v and_o keep_v in_o compensation_n of_o their_o labour_n now_o that_o dominion_n may_v be_v thus_o transfer_v be_v easy_o prove_v from_o the_o end_n which_o in_o moral_a thing_n be_v the_o best_a proof_n for_o how_o otherwise_o can_v i_o be_v say_v to_o receive_v my_o full_a right_n unless_o i_o become_v the_o right_a owner_n of_o it_o see_v that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o bare_a detention_n but_o the_o full_a power_n to_o use_v and_o dispose_v of_o it_o at_o my_o pleasure_n that_o make_v the_o scale_n of_o justice_n even_o a_o ancient_a example_n of_o this_o we_o have_v in_o diodorus_n where_o hesionaeus_n in_o lieu_n of_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v promise_v to_o his_o daughter_n by_o ixion_n but_o not_o give_v take_v away_o his_o horse_n for_o expletive_a justice_n when_o it_o can_v recover_v what_o be_v the_o same_o endeavour_n to_o get_v the_o value_n of_o it_o which_o in_o a_o moral_a estimation_n be_v the_o same_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n no_o man_n we_o know_v can_v do_v himself_o right_o nay_o if_o any_o man_n shall_v with_o his_o own_o hand_n take_v away_o from_o another_o though_o but_o what_o be_v his_o due_n it_o shall_v be_v impute_v unto_o he_o as_o rapine_n and_o in_o some_o country_n he_o shall_v lose_v his_o debt_n and_o although_o the_o civil_a law_n do_v not_o diect_o forbid_v this_o yet_o from_o the_o very_a institution_n of_o public_a tribunal_n it_o may_v easy_o be_v conclude_v to_o be_v unlawful_a but_o where_o there_o be_v not_o public_a court_n to_o appeal_v unto_o as_o on_o the_o sea_n and_o in_o desert_n there_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n must_v be_v our_o guide_n so_o it_o shall_v sometime_o when_o the_o law_n cease_v but_o for_o the_o present_a that_o be_v if_o the_o debt_n can_v never_o be_v get_v otherwise_o as_o if_o the_o debtor_n be_v ready_a to_o fly_v the_o country_n before_o the_o court_n can_v be_v open_a in_o which_o case_n the_o creditor_n may_v lawful_o have_v recourse_n to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n yet_o so_o that_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o court_n must_v afterward_o be_v expect_v before_o the_o right_n of_o propriety_n can_v be_v assure_v as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o reprizal_n as_o shall_v be_v say_v hereafter_o but_o yet_o if_o the_o right_n be_v certain_a and_o it_o be_v also_o moral_o as_o certain_a that_o a_o man_n can_v by_o a_o judge_n receive_v satisfaction_n for_o want_n of_o due_a proof_n the_o best_a opinion_n be_v that_o the_o law_n concern_v judgement_n cease_v and_o that_o a_o man_n may_v have_v recourse_n to_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o nation_n iii_o the_o estate_n of_o
side_n the_o equity_n of_o do_v the_o same_o thing_n be_v alike_o wherefore_o he_o cry_v out_o qualem_fw-la o_o jupiter_n justitiam_fw-la fecisti_fw-la what_o manner_n of_o justice_n be_v this_o that_o thou_o have_v make_v o_o jupiter_n that_o must_v necessary_o arise_v out_o of_o injustice_n quousque_fw-la progreditur_fw-la malum_fw-la &_o ubi_fw-la tandem_fw-la consistet_fw-la how_o far_o shall_v this_o evil_n proceed_v and_o where_o shall_v it_o at_o length_n end_n thus_o likewise_o do_v aristides_n argue_v in_o his_o oration_n for_o peace_n who_o of_o all_o the_o grecian_n will_v be_v leave_v alive_a if_o to_o revenge_v the_o death_n of_o those_o who_o be_v already_o slay_v those_o yet_o live_a shall_v wilful_o run_v upon_o their_o own_o ruin_n for_o prevention_n of_o which_o inevitable_a mischief_n be_v as_o i_o have_v already_o say_v law_n institute_v tribunal_n erect_v and_o magistrate_n ordain_v yet_o do_v this_o liberty_n that_o nature_n give_v we_o at_o the_o first_o remain_z still_o in_o force_n in_o such_o place_n where_o no_o law_n be_v or_o can_v be_v execute_v as_o on_o the_o sea_n and_o in_o desert_n place_n yea_o and_o in_o divers_a nation_n especial_o among_o the_o ancient_a german_n where_o almost_o all_o difference_n be_v end_v by_o the_o sword_n as_o appear_v by_o that_o of_o king_n theodorick_n in_o cassiodore_n to_o his_o goth_n break_v off_o say_v he_o this_o prodigious_a custom_n of_o single_a combat_n where_o matter_n in_o differenee_n be_v much_o better_o discuss_v with_o word_n than_o blow_n and_o in_o another_o place_n what_o need_n have_v we_o of_o tongue_n if_o every_o slight_a quarrel_n must_v be_v end_v by_o the_o sword_n whither_o haply_o we_o may_v refer_v that_o act_n of_o cajus_n caesar_n who_o be_v then_o a_o private_a person_n do_v with_o a_o tumultuary_a fleet_n pursue_v and_o chase_v certain_a pirate_n by_o who_o he_o have_v be_v former_o take_v disperse_v some_o of_o their_o ship_n and_o sink_a other_o and_o when_o he_o find_v the_o proconsul_n negligent_a in_o punish_v the_o captive_n who_o he_o have_v take_v he_o himself_o return_v to_o the_o sea_n and_o command_v they_o to_o be_v hang_v so_o likewise_o be_v it_o among_o the_o umbrian_n where_o every_o man_n be_v his_o own_o judge_n and_o avenger_n which_o at_o this_o present_a be_v usual_o practise_v among_o the_o muscovite_n and_o that_o without_o any_o restraint_n in_o some_o small_a time_n after_o their_o address_n in_o vain_a make_v to_o the_o judge_n from_o whence_o also_o before_o christian_a religion_n be_v plant_v arise_v duel_v whence_o they_o arise_v spring_v the_o custom_n of_o duel_n among_o the_o german_n which_o be_v not_o yet_o utter_o abolish_v wherefore_o the_o german_n in_o paterculus_n admire_v when_o they_o observe_v the_o form_n of_o the_o roman_a jurisdiction_n whereby_o all_o contest_v and_o injury_n be_v decide_v in_o a_o judicial_a way_n and_o that_o that_o which_o be_v usual_o before_o determine_v by_o force_n of_o arm_n be_v now_o decide_v by_o law_n the_o hebrew_a law_n permit_v the_o kinsman_n of_o he_o that_o be_v murder_v to_o kill_v the_o murderer_n â—ith_v his_o own_o hand_n in_o case_n he_o overtake_v he_o without_o the_o city_n of_o refuge_n and_o it_o be_v well_o observe_v by_o the_o hebrew_n doctor_n that_o a_o kinsman_n may_v exact_v the_o law_n of_o retaliation_n with_o his_o own_o hand_n for_o the_o person_n kill_v but_o for_o himself_o if_o any_o violence_n be_v offer_v he_o either_o by_o wound_n mutilation_n or_o otherwise_o he_o be_v to_o make_v his_o appeal_n to_o the_o judge_n because_o it_o be_v a_o very_a difficult_a thing_n to_o moderate_v our_o passion_n when_o they_o be_v excite_v by_o our_o own_o personal_a grief_n the_o like_a custom_n of_o take_v private_a revenge_n for_o murder_n we_o find_v to_o have_v be_v among_o the_o ancient_a greek_n as_o homer_n testify_v but_o example_n of_o this_o kind_n be_v much_o more_o frequent_a among_o such_o as_o have_v no_o common_a judge_n to_o decide_v controversy_n whence_o it_o be_v that_o just_a war_n be_v define_v to_o be_v those_o aug._n aug._n whereby_o injury_n receive_v be_v revenge_v and_o plato_n do_v so_o long_o approve_v of_o contest_v by_o war_n until_o the_o person_n injure_v shall_v be_v enforce_v to_o give_v unto_o the_o person_n injure_v just_a satisfaction_n ix_o 3._o to_o every_o man_n indistinct_o the_o profit_n that_o every_o man_n indefinite_o may_v receive_v by_o the_o punishment_n of_o a_o malefactor_n which_o be_v the_o three_o end_n why_o they_o be_v punish_v have_v as_o many_o part_n as_o that_o which_o the_o injure_a person_n receive_v by_o it_o for_o he_o be_v so_o punish_v either_o lest_o he_o that_o have_v injure_v one_o shall_v injure_v another_o which_o may_v be_v prevent_v either_o by_o his_o death_n or_o by_o disable_n he_o from_o do_v the_o like_a injury_n as_o by_o imprison_v he_o or_o second_o by_o reclaim_v he_o or_o three_o lest_o other_o be_v encourage_v by_o the_o hope_n of_o impunity_n shall_v be_v alike_o injurious_a unto_o other_o which_o be_v the_o end_n of_o all_o public_a punishment_n which_o be_v therefore_o use_v ut_fw-la unius_fw-la poena_fw-la metus_fw-la sit_fw-la multorum_fw-la that_o the_o punishment_n of_o one_o may_v strike_v a_o terror_n into_o many_o or_o as_o demosthenes_n speak_v that_o other_o may_v learn_v wisdom_n and_o fear_n polybius_n record_v that_o he_o see_v some_o lion_n crucify_v for_o attempt_v the_o life_n of_o a_o man_n that_o so_o the_o rest_n for_o fear_n of_o the_o like_a punishment_n 16._o pliny_n lib._n 8._o c._n 16._o may_v be_v affright_v from_o commit_v the_o like_a crime_n now_o the_o power_n of_o execute_v this_o right_a also_o be_v natural_o in_o every_o man_n thus_o plutarch_n tell_v we_o that_o nature_n do_v design_n a_o good_a man_n to_o be_v a_o perpetual_a magistrate_n for_o that_o man_n that_o be_v eminent_o just_a and_o honest_a be_v by_o nature_n raise_v up_o and_o qualify_v for_o a_o prince_n pelop._n vit._n pelop._n as_o the_o same_o plutarch_n speak_v of_o philopoemen_n that_o he_o take_v upon_o himself_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o citizen_n who_o also_o without_o regard_n to_o their_o law_n and_o time_n of_o their_o election_n follow_v he_o by_o the_o bare_a instinct_n of_o nature_n which_o always_o intend_v the_o best_a to_o govern_v the_o worst_a 7.13_o in_o 2_o cor._n 7.13_o thus_o chrysostome_n speak_v of_o moses_n that_o before_o he_o lead_v out_o the_o people_n by_o his_o hand_n he_o declare_v himself_o to_o be_v their_o captain_n by_o his_o deed_n it_o be_v foolish_o demand_v by_o the_o hebrew_n who_o make_v thou_o a_o ruler_n facta_fw-la vides_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr nomine_fw-la facis_fw-la controversiam_fw-la thou_o see_v his_o deed_n and_o do_v thou_o well_o then_o to_o cavil_v about_o name_n as_o if_o a_o patient_a be_v first_o cut_v and_o so_o cure_v of_o some_o desperate_a disease_n shall_v cavil_v with_o his_o physician_n and_o demand_v of_o he_o who_o make_v he_o a_o physician_n or_o who_o give_v he_o authority_n to_o cut_v he_o to_o who_o the_o physician_n may_v very_o well_o answer_v ars_fw-la mea_fw-la &_o morbus_fw-la tuus_fw-la my_o friend_n it_o be_v my_o skill_n and_o thy_o disease_n that_o make_v i_o to_o cut_v thou_o so_o may_v moses_n have_v answer_v it_o be_v thy_o cruelty_n and_o manifest_a injustice_n that_o make_v i_o a_o judge_n and_o a_o ruler_n to_o govern_v well_o be_v not_o a_o dignity_n only_o but_o a_o art_n nay_o the_o great_a of_o art_n sapiens_fw-la nunquam_fw-la privatus_fw-la est_fw-la a_o wise_a man_n be_v never_o a_o private_a man_n as_o cicero_n prove_v by_o the_o example_n of_o nasica_n neither_o be_v he_o unius_fw-la anni_fw-la consul_n a_o magistrate_n for_o one_o year_n only_o as_o horace_n speak_v of_o lollius_n yet_o notwithstanding_o be_v not_o this_o liberty_n to_o be_v exercise_v in_o any_o place_n but_o where_o the_o law_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n do_v permit_v it_o for_o these_o natural_a qualification_n as_o i_o have_v often_o say_v infer_v no_o right_n though_o they_o give_v we_o a_o capacity_n for_o it_o concern_v this_o natural_a right_n the_o opinion_n of_o democritus_n be_v this_o concern_v the_o kill_n or_o not_o kill_v of_o live_a creature_n the_o matter_n stand_v thus_o if_o those_o creature_n either_o do_v or_o will_v hurt_v we_o whosoever_o kill_v they_o shall_v be_v innocent_a nay_o he_o that_o kill_v they_o do_v much_o better_a than_o he_o that_o spare_v they_o and_o present_o after_o he_o say_v as_o for_o those_o beast_n which_o unjust_o annoy_v we_o it_o be_v altogether_o lawful_a for_o we_o to_o kill_v they_o all_o and_o sure_o it_o be_v not_o improbable_a that_o good_a man_n before_o the_o flood_n do_v live_v much_o after_o this_o manner_n before_o god_n have_v declare_v his_o will_n of_o convert_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o beast_n to_o serve_v a_o man_n
follow_v that_o sense_n that_o have_v the_o least_o of_o doubt_n in_o it_o but_o especial_o when_o the_o dispute_n arise_v between_o two_o sovereign_a prince_n who_o have_v no_o common_a judge_n between_o they_o may_v be_v presume_v to_o restrain_v the_o power_n of_o arbiter_n within_o those_o strict_a rule_n of_o justice_n which_o judge_n be_v usual_o confine_v to_o xlviii_o arbiter_n not_o to_o judge_n of_o possession_n where_o this_o also_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o such_o as_o be_v choose_v arbiter_n by_o a_o people_n or_o such_o as_o have_v the_o sovereign_a power_n over_o they_o aught_o to_o give_v sentence_n on_o the_o principal_a matter_n but_o not_o to_o intermeddle_v with_o possession_n for_o the_o judgement_n of_o these_o belong_v to_o the_o civil_a law_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n dominion_n follow_v the_o right_a of_o possession_n and_o therefore_o till_o the_o cause_n be_v try_v no_o innovation_n ought_v to_o be_v make_v as_o well_o to_o avoid_v prejudice_n as_o because_o the_o recovery_n of_o thing_n out_o of_o possession_n be_v difficult_a wherefore_o livy_n in_o his_o book_n of_o plea_n between_o the_o carthaginian_n and_o massinissa_n have_v this_o observation_n legati_fw-la jus_o possessionum_fw-la non_fw-la mutarunt_fw-la ambassador_n do_v never_o alter_v the_o right_n of_o possession_n xlix_o what_o the_o power_n be_v of_o a_o pure_a dedition_n there_o be_v also_o a_o assume_v of_o a_o arbiter_n but_o of_o another_o kind_n when_o a_o man_n yield_v himself_o up_o to_o the_o judgement_n of_o his_o very_a enemy_n which_o be_v a_o pure_a and_o absolute_a surrender_n whereby_o he_o make_v himself_o a_o slave_n and_o give_v his_o enemy_n sovereign_a power_n over_o he_o thus_o the_o aetolian_n in_o livy_n be_v demand_v in_o the_o senate_n whether_o they_o will_v submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o roman_n this_o be_v the_o advice_n of_o l._n cornelius_n lentulus_n 37._o lib._n 37._o as_o it_o be_v record_v by_o appian_n about_o the_o end_n of_o the_o second_o punic_a war_n 14._o lib._n 14._o concern_v the_o affair_n of_o carthage_n let_v the_o carthaginian_n say_v he_o submit_v themselves_o to_o our_o censure_n as_o the_o vanquish_a usual_o do_v and_o as_o many_o other_o have_v former_o do_v then_o we_o shall_v see_v how_o thankful_a they_o will_v be_v for_o what_o we_o shall_v give_v they_o neither_o shall_v they_o call_v this_o a_o league_n for_o the_o difference_n between_o a_o league_n and_o this_o be_v great_a for_o if_o we_o enter_v into_o a_o league_n with_o they_o they_o will_v never_o want_v some_o plausible_a excuse_n to_o break_v it_o allege_v that_o they_o have_v be_v first_o injure_v in_o some_o part_n of_o it_o for_o see_v that_o many_o word_n in_o that_o league_n will_v admit_v of_o a_o doubtful_a interpretation_n they_o can_v never_o want_v a_o pretence_n that_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o cavil_v but_o when_o we_o shall_v have_v disarm_v they_o as_o prisoner_n and_o make_v they_o our_o slave_n then_o at_o length_n they_o will_v perceive_v that_o they_o have_v nothing_o that_o be_v proper_o their_o own_o and_o then_o they_o will_v despond_v and_o whatsoever_o we_o shall_v afterward_o give_v they_o they_o will_v thankful_o accept_v of_o as_o of_o a_o mere_a gratuity_n but_o here_o also_o we_o must_v distinguish_v between_o what_o the_o conquer_a aught_o to_o suffer_v what_o the_o conqueror_n by_o the_o right_n of_o his_o conquest_n may_v do_v and_o last_o what_o most_o of_o all_o become_v he_o the_o conquer_a party_n have_v yield_v themselves_o aught_o to_o suffer_v whatsoever_o the_o conqueror_n will_v impose_v upon_o they_o for_o be_v perfect_o enslave_v if_o we_o respect_v that_o right_n of_o war_n that_o be_v external_a they_o have_v nothing_o but_o what_o may_v be_v take_v from_o they_o even_o their_o life_n and_o personal_a liberty_n much_o more_o their_o good_n whether_o they_o be_v those_o that_o be_v public_a or_o those_o that_o belong_v unto_o they_o as_o private_a man_n 37._o lib._n 37._o the_o aetolian_n say_v livy_n have_v yield_v themselves_o to_o the_o will_n of_o their_o enemy_n dread_v nothing_o more_o than_o corporal_a punishment_n 4._o above_o book_n 3_o chap._n 8._o sect._n 4._o and_o as_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o say_v when_o all_o thing_n be_v surrender_v it_o rest_v in_o the_o choice_n of_o the_o conqueror_n what_o he_o will_v take_v away_o and_o wherein_o and_o how_o far_o he_o will_v punish_v the_o conquer_a pertinent_a whereunto_o be_v that_o of_o livy_n it_o be_v the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o the_o roman_n when_o they_o have_v to_o do_v with_o a_o people_n or_o a_o king_n with_o who_o they_o be_v not_o join_v in_o friendship_n either_o by_o league_n or_o by_o equal_a law_n not_o to_o use_v their_o sovereign_a power_n over_o they_o as_o be_v at_o peace_n with_o they_o until_o they_o have_v first_o deliver_v up_o unto_o they_o all_o thing_n both_o divine_a and_o humane_a and_o until_o they_o have_v receive_v their_o hostage_n take_v away_o their_o arm_n and_o have_v place_v garrison_n in_o their_o city_n yea_o and_o sometime_o they_o that_o thus_o surrender_v themselves_o may_v be_v kill_v as_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o show_v 18._o show_v above_o book_n 3_o chap._n 11._o sect._n 18._o l._n the_o duty_n of_o a_o conqueror_n towards_o the_o conquer_a but_o the_o conqueror_n that_o he_o may_v do_v nothing_o unjust_o ought_v in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o take_v care_n that_o no_o man_n life_n be_v take_v from_o he_o unless_o it_o be_v for_o some_o crime_n that_o deserve_v death_n as_o also_o that_o no_o man_n good_n be_v take_v from_o he_o unless_o it_o be_v by_o way_n of_o a_o just_a punishment_n for_o in_o the_o conqueror_n there_o be_v nothing_o so_o honourable_a nor_o in_o some_o case_n so_o necessary_a as_o in_o this_o manner_n to_o extend_v his_o clemency_n and_o liberality_n to_o the_o conquer_a so_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o may_v stand_v with_o his_o own_o security_n finem_fw-la see_v book_n 3_o chap._n 15._o in_o finem_fw-la when_o cyrus_n have_v subdue_v the_o assyrian_n he_o comfort_v they_o by_o this_o assurance_n that_o their_o condition_n shall_v be_v the_o same_o that_o before_o it_o be_v their_o house_n land_n wife_n and_o child_n they_o shall_v free_o enjoy_v and_o in_o case_n any_o personal_a injury_n be_v offer_v they_o both_o he_o and_o he_o will_v ready_o defend_v they_o admirable_a be_v the_o effect_n of_o those_o war_n that_o be_v conclude_v with_o a_o general_a pardon_n thus_o do_v nicholas_n the_o syracusian_a plead_v in_o diodorus_n in_o the_o behalf_n of_o those_o that_o have_v yield_v to_o mercy_n they_o have_v say_v he_o yield_v themselves_o and_o give_v up_o their_o arm_n rely_v whole_o on_o the_o conqueror_n clemency_n quare_fw-la indignum_fw-la foret_fw-la eos_fw-la decipi_fw-la spe_fw-la nostrae_fw-la humanitatis_fw-la wherefore_o it_o will_v be_v a_o everlasting_a dishonour_n to_o we_o to_o suffer_v they_o to_o be_v deceive_v in_o their_o confidence_n they_o have_v of_o our_o clemency_n and_o a_o little_a after_o who_o among_o all_o the_o grecian_n do_v ever_o inexorable_o condemn_v they_o to_o punishment_n who_o yield_v themselves_o to_o the_o conqueror_n mercy_n appian_n bring_v in_o octavius_n caesar_n thus_o bespeak_v l._n antonius_n when_o he_o come_v to_o surrender_v himself_o if_o the_o end_n of_o thy_o come_n hither_o have_v be_v to_o purchase_v thy_o peace_n only_o thou_o have_v find_v i_o not_o only_o a_o conqueror_n but_o such_o a_o conqueror_n as_o be_v thorough_o incense_v by_o the_o wrong_n thou_o have_v do_v but_o since_o thou_o be_v come_v to_o yield_v thyself_o thy_o friend_n and_o thy_o arm_n to_o our_o discretion_n thou_o have_v appease_v my_o anger_n and_o take_v away_o from_o i_o that_o power_n i_o have_v to_o have_v enforce_v thou_o to_o have_v accept_v of_o what_o condition_n i_o please_v for_o i_o be_o now_o to_o weigh_v not_o so_o much_o what_o thou_o deserve_v to_o suffer_v as_o what_o become_v i_o to_o grant_v wherefore_o i_o shall_v choose_v rather_o to_o consult_v my_o own_o honour_n by_o forgive_a than_o to_o gratify_v my_o passion_n by_o a_o just_a revenge_n we_o do_v often_o meet_v with_o these_o expression_n in_o the_o roman_a story_n namely_o that_o the_o conquer_a do_v yield_v themselves_o sometime_o to_o the_o faith_n sometime_o to_o the_o mercy_n or_o clemency_n of_o the_o conqueror_n as_o in_o livy_n to_o those_o ambassador_n that_o be_v send_v from_o the_o neighbour_n province_n to_o surrender_v their_o city_n to_o the_o faith_n of_o the_o roman_n he_o give_v a_o gracious_a audience_n so_o in_o another_o place_n speak_v of_o king_n perseus_n he_o say_v paulus_n earnest_o labour_v that_o he_o may_v be_v permit_v to_o surrender_v both_o himself_o and_o whatsoever_o be_v he_o to_o the_o faith_n and_o clemency_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n whereby_o nothing_o else_o be_v to_o be_v
new_a covenant_n there_o be_v no_o use_n at_o all_o to_o be_v make_v of_o the_o old_a as_o to_o this_o we_o be_v of_o a_o contrary_a judgement_n as_o well_o for_o what_o we_o have_v already_o say_v as_o because_o such_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o new_a law_n that_o whatsoever_o be_v command_v in_o the_o old_a appertain_v to_o virtue_n and_o good_a manner_n the_o same_o or_o much_o great_a be_v command_v in_o the_o new_a and_o after_o this_o manner_n do_v the_o ancient_a christian_a writer_n make_v use_v of_o the_o testimony_n draw_v from_o the_o old_a testament_n but_o to_o the_o right_a understanding_n of_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o book_n of_o the_o old_a testament_n we_o have_v no_o small_a help_n from_o the_o hebrew_a writer_n especial_o those_o who_o be_v thorough_o instruct_v in_o the_o language_n and_o manner_n of_o their_o own_o country_n the_o new_a testament_n i_o do_v also_o make_v use_n of_o to_o instruct_v christian_n in_o what_o be_v lawful_a for_o they_o to_o do_v which_o can_v be_v elsewhere_o learned_a which_o notwithstanding_o contrary_a to_o what_o some_o have_v do_v i_o have_v distinguish_v from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n counsel_n a_o great_a sanctity_n require_v by_o the_o gospel_n thâ—n_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n precept_n distinguish_v from_o counsel_n be_v most_o assure_v that_o in_o that_o most_o holy_a law_n a_o great_a sanctity_n be_v command_v than_o that_o which_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n do_v of_o itself_o require_v neither_o have_v i_o omit_v to_o observe_v what_o be_v rather_o commend_v unto_o we_o than_o command_v that_o so_o we_o may_v understand_v that_o to_o do_v contrary_a to_o that_o which_o be_v command_v be_v impiety_n and_o render_v we_o liable_a to_o punishment_n but_o eager_o to_o aspire_v to_o that_o which_o be_v most_o excellent_a as_o it_o argue_v a_o noble_a and_o generous_a mind_n so_o shall_v it_o not_o want_v its_o due_a reward_n ecclesiastical_a canon_n ecclesiastical_a synodical_a canon_n if_o they_o be_v right_a be_v nothing_o but_o collection_n draw_v from_o the_o general_a say_n of_o the_o divine_a law_n and_o fit_v to_o particular_a case_n which_o do_v usual_o happen_v these_o also_o do_v either_o point_n out_o what_o the_o divine_a law_n do_v enjoin_v or_o exhort_v we_o to_o that_o which_o god_n commend_v unto_o we_o and_o this_o be_v the_o office_n of_o the_o true_a christian_a church_n faithful_o to_o traduce_v unto_o other_o what_o god_n have_v deliver_v unto_o she_o and_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o they_o be_v deliver_v but_o even_o the_o custom_n use_v among_o those_o ancient_a christian_n and_o that_o be_v worthy_a of_o that_o great_a name_n be_v either_o general_o receive_v or_o praise_v be_v deserve_o to_o be_v rank_v with_o the_o canon_n father_n the_o father_n after_o these_o the_o second_o authority_n be_v of_o those_o who_o be_v in_o their_o time_n famous_a among_o christian_n for_o either_o their_o pious_a life_n or_o doctrine_n and_o be_v as_o yet_o never_o note_v for_o any_o great_a error_n for_o even_o these_o man_n also_o ought_v to_o be_v have_v in_o good_a esteem_n as_o to_o what_o with_o great_a asseveration_n they_o affirm_v and_o have_v find_v out_o to_o be_v true_a in_o the_o interpretation_n of_o such_o place_n of_o scripture_n as_o seem_v to_o be_v obscure_a and_o the_o more_o by_o how_o much_o both_o their_o consent_n be_v the_o great_a and_o they_o draw_v near_o to_o the_o time_n of_o the_o first_o purity_n long_o before_o any_o supremacy_n be_v usurp_v or_o any_o sect_n or_o faction_n know_v to_o adulterate_a the_o primitive_a truth_n the_o schoolman_n that_o succeed_v to_o these_o schoolman_n the_o schoolman_n do_v often_o show_v the_o strength_n of_o their_o wit_n but_o they_o happen_v to_o live_v in_o very_o unhappy_a time_n be_v altogether_o ignorant_a of_o good_a art_n no_o marvel_v then_o if_o among_o many_o thing_n which_o be_v in_o their_o write_n commendable_a there_o be_v some_o that_o be_v pardonable_a and_o yet_o when_o they_o agree_v in_o matter_n of_o morality_n they_o seldom_o err_v be_v very_o quick-sighted_a to_o discern_v what_o in_o the_o say_n of_o other_o man_n be_v to_o be_v reprove_v and_o yet_o even_o in_o this_o very_a endeavour_n of_o they_o to_o defend_v their_o diverse_a opinion_n they_o furnish_v we_o with_o great_a example_n of_o modesty_n while_o they_o contend_v among_o themselves_o with_o reason_n and_o argument_n and_o not_o as_o the_o custom_n now_o begin_v to_o deface_v our_o book_n with_o reproach_n the_o spurious_a issue_n of_o weak_a and_o effeminate_a mind_n there_o be_v three_o sort_n of_o those_o that_o profess_v the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o roman_a law_n the_o first_o be_v they_o who_o pain_n appear_v in_o the_o pandect_a constitution_n the_o sort_n of_o lawyer_n 1._o the_o pandect_a 2._o code_o 3._o novel_a constitution_n the_o code_o of_o theodosius_n and_o justinian_n and_o in_o the_o novel_a constitution_n the_o second_o sort_n be_v they_o who_o succeed_v to_o irnerius_n as_o acursius_n bartolus_n and_o many_o more_o who_o at_o that_o time_n govern_v the_o court_n of_o justice_n the_o three_o sort_n be_v of_o those_o who_o join_v humane_a learning_n with_o the_o study_n of_o the_o law_n to_o the_o first_o i_o confess_v i_o owe_v much_o as_o well_o for_o the_o solidity_n of_o their_o argument_n to_o prove_v that_o which_o appertain_v to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o also_o for_o the_o testimony_n they_o often_o give_v both_o to_o that_o law_n and_o not_o much_o less_o to_o that_o of_o nation_n yet_o so_o that_o even_o they_o as_o well_o as_o other_o do_v often_o use_v these_o name_n promiscuous_o misapply_v that_o to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n which_o be_v in_o force_n but_o among_o some_o people_n only_o and_o that_o not_o by_o any_o consent_n or_o agreement_n but_o because_o they_o take_v it_o one_o from_o another_o by_o imitation_n or_o by_o chance_n yea_o and_o even_o those_o thing_n that_o belong_v true_o to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n they_o ofttimes_o handle_v confuse_o and_o indiscreet_o with_o those_o that_o belong_v to_o the_o roman_a law_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o chapter_n of_o captive_n and_o postliminy_n to_o distinguish_v these_o i_o have_v take_v great_a pain_n the_o second_o sort_n sort_n second_o sort_n regardless_o of_o the_o divine_a law_n and_o ancient_a history_n endeavour_v to_o determine_v all_o controversy_n between_o king_n or_o people_n out_o of_o the_o roman_a law_n assume_v some_o thing_n from_o the_o ecclesiastical_a canon_n but_o these_o also_o be_v often_o frustrate_v by_o the_o infelicity_n of_o the_o time_n so_o that_o they_o can_v never_o attain_v to_o the_o right_a understanding_n of_o those_o law_n although_o otherwise_o acute_a enough_o to_o search_v into_o the_o nature_n of_o what_o be_v good_a and_o right_a whereby_o they_o often_o become_v good_a lawmaker_n though_o not_o so_o good_a expositor_n of_o law_n already_o make_v these_o therefore_o be_v then_o to_o 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bodine_n and_o hottoman_n the_o former_a in_o a_o continue_a treatise_n the_o latter_a in_o some_o scatter_a question_n who_o judgement_n and_o reason_n will_v often_o supply_v we_o with_o matter_n to_o find_v out_o the_o truth_n especial_o three_o thing_n the_o author_n propose_v to_o himself_o especial_o in_o this_o whole_a treatise_n i_o chief_o propose_v to_o myself_o three_o thing_n first_o to_o make_v the_o reason_n of_o my_o definition_n as_o evident_a as_o i_o can_v second_o to_o dispose_v the_o thing_n i_o be_o to_o treat_v of_o into_o a_o certain_a order_n and_o method_n and_o three_o clear_o to_o distinguish_v those_o thing_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o same_o but_o be_v not_o i_o have_v purposely_o abstain_v from_o that_o which_o belong_v to_o another_o treatise_n as_o from_o those_o thing_n which_o teach_v we_o what_o be_v of_o common_a use_n to_o be_v do_v because_o these_o have_v a_o art_n
that_o be_v they_o that_o lie_v aside_o their_o arm_n when_o there_o be_v no_o persecution_n that_o threaten_v they_o for_o by_o the_o word_n peace_n the_o primitive_a christian_n understand_v only_o a_o vacancy_n from_o persecution_n as_o appear_v by_o cyprian_a and_o other_o nostrae_fw-la paci_fw-la quod_fw-la est_fw-la bellum_fw-la quam_fw-la persecutio_fw-la as_o to_o the_o peace_n of_o the_o church_n what_o great_a war_n can_v there_o be_v than_o persecution_n tertul._n tertul._n so_o st._n cyprian_n cyprian_a cyprian_a when_o god_n begin_v to_o give_v peace_n unto_o his_o church_n that_o be_v when_o he_o free_v it_o from_o persecution_n next_o we_o have_v the_o example_n of_o julian_n soldier_n who_o be_v no_o mean_a proficient_o in_o the_o school_n of_o christianity_n for_o they_o be_v ready_a to_o testify_v their_o faith_n in_o christ_n by_o the_o effusion_n of_o their_o blood_n of_o who_o st._n ambrose_n speak_v thus_o the_o emperor_n julian_n though_o a_o apostate_n yet_o have_v many_o christian_n that_o fight_v under_o his_o banner_n to_o who_o when_o command_n be_v give_v to_o march_v against_o the_o enemy_n in_o defence_n of_o their_o country_n they_o ready_o obey_v but_o be_v command_v to_o march_v against_o the_o christian_n than_o they_o acknowledge_v no_o emperor_n but_o the_o king_n of_o heaven_n such_o also_o be_v long_o before_o they_o the_o thebaean_a legion_n which_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o emperor_n dioclesian_n be_v convert_v to_o the_o christian_a faith_n by_o zabda_n the_o thirty_o bishop_n of_o jerusalem_n which_o legion_n do_v afterward_o leave_v behind_o they_o a_o singular_a pattern_n to_o all_o future_a generation_n of_o christian_a patience_n and_o constancy_n whereof_o i_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o speak_v more_o at_o large_a hereafter_o it_o shall_v suffice_v in_o this_o place_n to_o rehearse_v that_o excellent_a speech_n they_o make_v to_o the_o emperor_n which_o do_v both_o solid_o and_o summary_o represent_v unto_o we_o the_o duty_n of_o a_o christian_a soldier_n against_o any_o foreign_a power_n we_o free_o offer_v our_o hand_n which_o yet_o we_o dare_v not_o imbrue_v in_o the_o blood_n of_o innocent_n our_o arm_n which_o have_v be_v long_o practise_v in_o suppress_v vice_n and_o in_o vanquish_a foe_n never_o yet_o know_v how_o to_o oppress_v the_o righteous_a or_o to_o cut_v the_o throat_n of_o our_o neighbour_n and_o fellow-citizen_n when_o first_o we_o engage_v in_o war_n we_o remember_v it_o be_v to_o protect_v and_o not_o to_o destroy_v they_o we_o have_v hitherto_o fight_v for_o justice_n for_o piety_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o innocence_n for_o these_o prize_n we_o have_v slight_v all_o danger_n we_o have_v fight_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o our_o faith_n which_o shall_v we_o have_v break_v with_o god_n how_o can_v thou_o o_o emperor_n expect_v that_o we_o shall_v keep_v with_o thou_o basil_n also_o give_v this_o testimony_n of_o thâ—_n primitive_a christian_n that_o their_o ancestor_n never_o account_v that_o execution_n that_o be_v do_v in_o war_n as_o murder_n but_o always_o hold_v they_o excuse_v that_o fight_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o chastity_n and_o of_o piety_n chap._n iii_o war_n divide_v into_o public_a and_o private_a the_o supreme_a power_n explain_v i._o war_n divide_v into_o public_a and_o private_a ii_o that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n even_o after_o tribunal_n be_v erect_v all_o private_a war_n be_v not_o unlawful_a prove_v iii_o no_o nor_o by_o the_o evangelical_n law_n the_o objection_n answer_v iu._n public_a war_n divide_v into_o that_o which_o be_v solemn_a and_o that_o which_o be_v less_o than_o solemn_a v._o whether_o a_o war_n make_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o a_o magistrate_n not_o have_v supreme_a power_n be_v public_a and_o when_o vi_o wherein_o the_o civil_a power_n consist_v vii_o what_o power_n be_v supreme_a viii_o the_o opinion_n that_o the_o supreme_a power_n be_v ever_o in_o the_o people_n refute_v and_o the_o argument_n answer_v ix_o as_o also_o that_o the_o subjection_n between_o king_n and_o people_n be_v mutual_a x._o caution_n for_o the_o right_a understanding_n of_o this_o question_n whereof_o the_o first_o be_v to_o distinguish_v between_o the_o likeness_n of_o word_n in_o thing_n that_o be_v unlike_a xi_o the_o second_o be_v to_o distinguish_v between_o the_o right_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o hold_v that_o right_n xii_o that_o some_o empire_n be_v hold_v full_o that_o be_v with_o a_o power_n to_o alienate_v they_o xiii_o that_o other_o be_v hold_v not_o so_o full_o fourteen_o that_o some_o though_o not_o supreme_a yet_o be_v hold_v full_o that_o be_v with_o a_o power_n to_o alienate_v they_o xv._o the_o say_a distinction_n appear_v by_o the_o difference_n in_o assign_v protector_n in_o kingdom_n xvi_o that_o the_o power_n cease_v not_o to_o be_v supreme_a by_o a_o promise_n even_o of_o that_o which_o be_v not_o due_a by_o the_o law_n of_o either_o natural_a or_o divine_a xvii_o the_o sovereign_a power_n be_v sometime_o divide_v into_o part_n subjective_a and_o potential_a xviii_o yet_o it_o can_v be_v well_o conclude_v that_o the_o power_n be_v not_o supreme_a because_o king_n will_v not_o have_v their_o act_n to_o be_v firm_a unless_o approve_v of_o by_o some_o assembly_n xix_o some_o other_o example_n not_o to_o be_v draw_v hither_o xx._n true_a example_n of_o the_o supreme_a power_n divide_v xxi_o he_o that_o be_v tie_v up_o by_o a_o league_n on_o term_n unequal_a may_v yet_o retain_v the_o supreme_a power_n xxii_o so_o may_v he_o that_o pay_v tribute_n xxiii_o so_o may_v he_o that_o hold_v it_o from_o another_o in_o fief_n xxiv_o a_o man_n right_n may_v be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o exercise_n of_o that_o right_n with_o several_a example_n i._o war_n divide_v the_o first_o and_o most_o necessary_a division_n of_o war_n be_v this_o that_o some_o be_v public_a and_o some_o private_a and_o some_o mix_v public_a be_v that_o which_o be_v make_v by_o public_a authority_n and_o private_a be_v that_o when_o the_o authority_n be_v so_o and_o mix_v when_o it_o be_v in_o part_n public_a and_o in_o part_n private_a and_o first_o let_v we_o treat_v of_o that_o which_o be_v private_a as_o be_v most_o ancient_a that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n some_o private_a war_n may_v lawful_o be_v wage_v be_v as_o i_o suppose_v sufficient_o prove_v by_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v where_o it_o be_v show_v that_o to_o repel_v force_n with_o force_n be_v no_o way_n repugnant_a to_o natural_a equity_n but_o the_o question_n will_v be_v whethersince_o the_o erection_n of_o court_n of_o justice_n it_o be_v now_o lawful_a to_o repel_v force_n with_o force_n whereunto_o i_o answer_v that_o although_o court_v of_o judicature_n be_v not_o institute_v by_o nature_n but_o by_o humane_a authority_n yet_o do_v natural_a reason_n and_o common_a equity_n instruct_v we_o that_o it_o be_v more_o agreeable_a to_o common_a honesty_n and_o to_o the_o conservation_n of_o peace_n and_o tranquillity_n among_o man_n that_o all_o difference_n shall_v be_v public_o scan_v and_o determine_v by_o person_n that_o be_v unconcern_v rather_o than_o by_o they_o who_o be_v blind_v with_o self-love_n do_v ofttimes_o mistake_v right_a for_o wrong_n and_o will_v do_v that_o only_a which_o seem_v good_a in_o their_o own_o eye_n non_fw-la est_fw-la singulis_fw-la concedendum_fw-la quod_fw-la per_fw-la magistratum_fw-la publicae_fw-la possit_fw-la fieri_fw-la con_fw-la paulus_n juris_n con_fw-la ne_fw-la occasio_fw-la sit_fw-la majoris_fw-la tumultus_fw-la faciendi_fw-la that_o be_v not_o to_o be_v grant_v to_o every_o private_a man_n that_o may_v be_v do_v public_o by_o a_o magistrate_n lest_o for_o every_o petty_a injury_n man_n run_v into_o tumult_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v 4._o cassiod_n l_o 4_o var._n ep._n 4._o say_v king_n theodorick_n that_o so_o great_a a_o reverence_n be_v due_a to_o the_o law_n that_o no_o man_n ought_v to_o revenge_v himself_o with_o his_o own_o hand_n or_o by_o the_o suggestion_n of_o his_o own_o passion_n for_o if_o all_o difference_n may_v be_v determine_v by_o plan_n force_n wherein_o will_v a_o calm_a peace_n differ_v from_o the_o tumult_n of_o war_n and_o therefore_o the_o law_n call_v that_o force_n when_o any_o man_n take_v that_o which_o be_v his_o due_n with_o his_o own_o hand_n without_o the_o determination_n of_o a_o judge_n ii_o that_o tribunal_n be_v erect_v all_o war_n be_v not_o unlawful_a most_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o the_o licence_n which_o before_o tribunal_n be_v establish_v public_o be_v permit_v be_v since_o much_o restrain_v and_o yet_o in_o some_o place_n the_o same_o licence_n still_o remain_v namely_o where_o judgement_n can_v be_v have_v against_o offender_n for_o the_o law_n in_o prohibit_v a_o man_n to_o take_v his_o own_o unless_o it_o be_v judicial_o do_v tacit_o imply_v that_o it_o be_v in_o such_o a_o place_n and_o at_o such_o a_o time_n where_o a_o
or_o break_v the_o second_o be_v the_o choice_n of_o fit_a person_n for_o magistrate_n and_o the_o three_o be_v a_o power_n to_o determine_v all_o controversy_n dionysius_n halicarnassensis_n make_v the_o civil_a power_n to_o consist_v in_o these_o three_o thing_n 1._o the_o creation_n of_o magistrate_n 2._o the_o legislative_a power_n and_o 3._o the_o power_n of_o conclude_v either_o peace_n or_o war._n and_o elsewhere_o he_o add_v this_o four_o namely_o a_o power_n to_o determine_v all_o difference_n by_o pass_v definitive_a sentence_n and_o by_o and_o by_o he_o add_v the_o care_n of_o settle_v religion_n and_o the_o power_n of_o call_v assembly_n but_o he_o that_o will_v right_o divide_v this_o power_n so_o that_o nothing_o be_v either_o defective_a or_o redundant_fw-la may_v do_v it_o thus_o he_o that_o rule_v in_o any_o commonwealth_n do_v it_o partly_o by_o himself_o and_o partly_o by_o other_o what_o he_o do_v by_o himself_o concern_v either_o universals_z or_o particular_n what_o concern_v universals_z be_v the_o make_n of_o law_n or_o the_o abrogate_a of_o they_o and_o these_o be_v either_o sacred_a so_o far_o forth_o as_o concern_v the_o civil_a state_n or_o profane_a this_o aristotle_n call_v the_o art_n of_o build_v up_o a_o city_n those_o singular_n about_o which_o this_o power_n be_v conversant_a be_v either_o thing_n direct_o public_a or_o private_a yet_o such_o as_o be_v in_o order_n to_o public_a those_o that_o be_v direct_o public_a be_v either_o action_n as_o peace_n war_n league_n or_o thing_n as_o tax_n custom_n tribute_n and_o such_o like_a wherein_o also_o be_v comprehend_v that_o eminent_a dominion_n that_o every_o commonwealth_n have_v over_o the_o person_n and_o good_n of_o its_o own_o subject_n so_o far_o as_o concern_v the_o public_a safety_n and_o this_o art_n aristotle_n term_n by_o its_o general_a name_n political_n that_o be_v civil_a or_o the_o art_n of_o counsel_v and_o well_o advise_v or_o as_o i_o say_v they_o be_v thing_n private_a namely_o thing_n controvert_v between_o singular_a person_n the_o determination_n whereof_o do_v much_o conduce_v to_o public_a peace_n and_o safety_n and_o this_o art_n aristotle_n term_v judicial_a but_o those_o thing_n which_o he_o dispatch_v by_o another_o he_o do_v either_o by_o magistrate_n or_o by_o procurator_n among_o who_o we_o be_v to_o place_v ambassador_n and_o envoye_n and_o in_o these_o thing_n do_v principal_o consist_v the_o civil_a power_n vii_o power_n supreme_a what_o it_o be_v that_o we_o call_v the_o supreme_a power_n who_o act_n be_v not_o subject_a to_o the_o power_n of_o another_o nor_o can_v by_o any_o humane_a authority_n be_v make_v void_a when_o i_o say_v by_o another_o i_o exclude_v he_o who_o have_v this_o supreme_a power_n in_o who_o power_n it_o be_v to_o change_v his_o own_o will_n so_o also_o i_o exclude_v his_o successor_n who_o have_v the_o same_o right_n and_o so_o the_o same_o power_n and_o no_o other_o this_o therefore_o be_v that_o which_o we_o call_v the_o supreme_a power_n be_v in_o who_o it_o be_v now_o let_v we_o see_v in_o who_o it_o rest_v the_o subject_a wherein_o this_o sovereign_a power_n remain_v be_v either_o common_a or_o proper_a as_o the_o common_a subject_n wherein_o sight_n rest_v be_v the_o body_n the_o proper_a subject_n be_v the_o eye_n so_o of_o this_o supreme_a power_n the_o common_a subject_n be_v the_o city_n or_o commonwealth_n which_o as_o i_o say_v before_o be_v a_o perfect_a company_n or_o society_n of_o man_n hence_o than_o we_o exclude_v those_o who_o have_v give_v themselves_o up_o to_o the_o power_n of_o another_o people_n as_o those_o nation_n that_o be_v conquer_v by_o the_o roman_n be_v no_o long_o call_v kingdom_n but_o roman_a province_n for_o such_o a_o people_n can_v be_v call_v a_o city_n in_o that_o sense_n wherein_o we_o now_o take_v the_o word_n but_o the_o unworthy_a member_n of_o that_o city_n that_o conquer_v they_o as_o servant_n be_v the_o mean_a member_n of_o a_o family_n again_o it_o sometime_o happen_v that_o of_o divers_a people_n there_o be_v but_o one_o and_o the_o same_o head_n and_o yet_o every_o one_o of_o these_o people_n do_v constitute_v one_o perfect_a society_n for_o it_o be_v not_o so_o in_o the_o moral_a as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o natural_a body_n where_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a that_o one_o head_n shall_v govern_v two_o body_n for_o in_o the_o moral_a one_o and_o the_o same_o person_n diverse_o consider_v may_v be_v the_o head_n of_o divers_a and_o distinct_a body_n whereof_o this_o be_v a_o most_o infallible_a sign_n for_o whensoever_o the_o regal_a family_n of_o he_o in_o who_o the_o sovereign_a power_n over_o divers_a nation_n be_v unite_v shall_v be_v extinct_a the_o power_n itself_o separate_v and_o each_o revert_v to_o its_o own_o people_n so_o it_o may_v fall_v out_o that_o many_o city_n may_v be_v link_v in_o so_o strait_a a_o confederacy_n that_o as_o strabo_n speak_v they_o may_v constitute_v but_o one_o well_o govern_v body_n and_o yet_o do_v each_o of_o they_o still_o retain_v the_o state_n of_o a_o perfect_a city_n as_o be_v well_o observe_v both_o by_o other_o and_o also_o by_o aristotle_n in_o divers_a place_n so_o than_o the_o common_a subject_n wherein_o this_o power_n reside_v be_v a_o city_n so_o understand_v as_o i_o have_v already_o express_v but_o the_o proper_a subject_n of_o this_o power_n be_v either_o one_o person_n or_o many_o according_a to_o the_o several_a law_n custom_n and_o manner_n of_o every_o nation_n viii_o not_o in_o the_o people_n and_o here_o first_o we_o must_v disclaim_v their_o opinion_n who_o affirm_v the_o supreme_a power_n to_o be_v every_o where_n and_o without_o any_o exception_n in_o the_o people_n and_o that_o so_o full_o that_o it_o be_v in_o their_o power_n either_o to_o enforce_v or_o to_o punish_v their_o king_n if_o he_o govern_v amiss_o what_o great_a mischief_n this_o opinion_n be_v once_o fix_v in_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o rabble_n already_o have_v and_o hereafter_o may_v introduce_v there_o be_v no_o wise_a man_n but_o may_v easy_o discover_v prove_v this_o prove_v for_o confutation_n of_o which_o opinion_n we_o offer_v these_o argument_n to_o the_o more_o ingenious_a reader_n by_o all_o the_o law_n both_o of_o the_o hebrew_n and_o roman_n it_o will_v appear_v 7._o exod._n 21.6_o gell._n l._n 21._o c._n 7._o that_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o every_o man_n that_o have_v power_n over_o himself_o to_o bind_v himself_o as_o a_o servant_n or_o a_o apprentice_n to_o who_o he_o please_v and_o why_o then_o shall_v it_o not_o be_v as_o lawful_a for_o any_o people_n natural_o free_a to_o give_v themselves_o up_o to_o any_o one_o person_n or_o society_n to_o be_v govern_v whole_o by_o they_o without_o retain_v any_o part_n of_o their_o liberty_n to_o themselves_o neither_o will_v it_o suffice_v to_o say_v this_o be_v not_o to_o be_v presume_v for_o the_o question_n be_v not_o what_o in_o a_o doubtful_a case_n be_v to_o be_v presume_v 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matter_n to_o be_v judge_v by_o the_o army_n but_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n by_o the_o people_n the_o king_n power_n avail_v nothing_o far_o than_o his_o authority_n reach_v there_o be_v in_o another_o place_n of_o the_o same_o author_n another_o sign_n of_o the_o same_o mixture_n mention_v namely_o this_o the_o macedonian_n 8._o curt._n lib._n 8._o say_v he_o ordain_v that_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o their_o nation_n their_o king_n shall_v never_o hunt_v on_o foot_n but_o in_o the_o company_n of_o some_o of_o his_o select_a friend_n or_o prince_n the_o like_a do_v tacitus_n write_v of_o the_o gothones_n that_o they_o be_v under_o a_o strict_a government_n than_o other_o of_o the_o german_a nation_n yet_o not_o altogether_o without_o liberty_n for_o whereas_o he_o have_v before_o describe_v a_o principality_n thus_o that_o it_o govern_v rather_o by_o a_o persuasive_a than_o coercive_a power_n he_o now_o describe_v a_o kingdom_n in_o these_o word_n when_o say_v he_o one_o person_n rule_v without_o any_o limitation_n or_o exception_n and_o that_o not_o by_o entreaty_n but_o by_o absolute_a command_n eustathius_n upon_o the_o six_o of_o homer_n odyssey_n describe_v the_o commonwealth_n of_o corcyra_n say_v that_o it_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o mix_a government_n have_v something_o of_o kingly_a and_o something_o of_o a_o aristocratical_a government_n laonicus_n chalcocondylas_n make_v mention_n of_o the_o like_a government_n in_o hungary_n and_o in_o england_n in_o arragon_n and_o in_o navarr_n where_o the_o magistrate_n be_v not_o create_v by_o the_o king_n nor_o be_v any_o garrison_n impose_v on_o they_o against_o their_o will_n nor_o any_o thing_n command_v they_o by_o their_o king_n contrary_a to_o their_o law_n and_o custom_n not_o much_o different_a be_v the_o government_n of_o the_o roman_n in_o the_o time_n of_o their_o king_n for_o although_o almost_o all_o public_a affair_n be_v then_o transact_v by_o the_o regal_a power_n romulus_n say_v tacitus_n govern_v we_o as_o he_o please_v and_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o in_o the_o infancy_n of_o their_o city_n all_o power_n be_v in_o the_o king_n say_v pomponius_n yet_o even_o at_o this_o very_a time_n be_v some_o few_o fragment_n of_o that_o power_n reserve_v in_o the_o people_n if_o we_o may_v give_v credit_n to_o dionysius_n halicarnassensis_n but_o if_o we_o have_v rather_o believe_v the_o roman_n in_o some_o case_n appeal_n may_v be_v make_v from_o the_o king_n unto_o the_o people_n 100_o ep._n 100_o as_o seneca_n collect_v out_o of_o cicero_n book_n de_fw-fr rep._n as_o also_o out_o of_o some_o pontifical_a book_n and_o fenestella_n by_o and_o by_o after_o servius_n tullius_n be_v advance_v to_o the_o empire_n not_o so_o much_o by_o right_n as_o by_o popular_a favour_n do_v much_o more_o impair_v the_o majesty_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o to_o gratify_v the_o people_n for_o their_o kindness_n he_o ordain_v some_o law_n 3._o taâ—it_fw-la l._n 3._o whereunto_o the_o king_n themselves_o stand_v oblige_v no_o marvel_n then_o if_o livy_n put_v this_o only_a difference_n between_o the_o power_n of_o the_o first_o consul_n and_o of_o king_n that_o it_o be_v but_o annual_a the_o like_a mixture_n of_o popular_a and_o aristocratical_a power_n there_o be_v in_o rome_n iâ—_n the_o vacancy_n of_o their_o king_n camilli_n viâ—_n camilli_n and_o in_o the_o time_n of_o their_o first_o consul_n for_o in_o some_o thing_n and_o those_o of_o moment_n what_o ever_o the_o people_n command_v be_v establish_v as_o a_o law_n if_o the_o father_n be_v make_v the_o author_n 5._o lib._n 5._o but_o as_o plutarch_n observe_v the_o people_n have_v no_o right_n either_o to_o make_v a_o law_n or_o to_o command_v any_o other_o thing_n unless_o propose_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o senate_n the_o like_a mixture_n of_o government_n chalcocondylas_n note_v to_o have_v be_v in_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o genova_n in_o his_o time_n but_o afterward_o in_o rome_n the_o power_n of_o the_o people_n increase_v though_o the_o father_n begin_v and_o propose_v as_o ancient_o they_o be_v wont_a to_o do_v yet_o as_o livy_n and_o dionysius_n observe_v the_o people_n will_v decree_v what_o they_o please_v but_o yet_o even_o after_o this_o there_o remain_v some_o of_o this_o mixture_n whilst_o as_o the_o same_o livy_n speak_v the_o sovereign_a power_n be_v in_o the_o patrician_n that_o be_v the_o senate_n and_o the_o auxiliary_a power_n in_o the_o tribune_n i._n e._n the_o plebeian_n who_o have_v a_o right_a to_o either_o forbid_v or_o intercede_v when_o they_o please_v and_o of_o this_o mix_a government_n between_o democracy_n and_o aristocracy_n isocrates_n will_v have_v the_o commonwealth_n of_o athens_n to_o consist_v in_o the_o time_n of_o solon_n now_o these_o thing_n be_v premise_v let_v we_o examine_v some_o doubtful_a question_n which_o do_v frequent_o arise_v about_o this_o matter_n xxi_o a_o confederate_a on_o unequal_a term_n may_v have_v the_o supreme_a power_n the_o first_o thing_n that_o fall_v under_o dispute_n be_v this_o whether_o that_o nation_n can_v be_v say_v to_o have_v supreme_a power_n that_o be_v in_o league_n with_o another_o nation_n upon_o term_n unequal_a where_o by_o unequal_a i_o do_v not_o mean_v where_o the_o confederate_a nation_n be_v of_o unequal_a power_n as_o when_o the_o city_n thebes_n make_v a_o league_n with_o the_o persian_a monarch_n in_o the_o time_n of_o pelopidas_n or_o the_o roman_n with_o the_o massilian_n and_o afterward_o with_o massanissa_n neither_o do_v i_o mean_v such_o a_o league_n as_o imply_v some_o one_o transient_a act_n that_o seem_v dishonourable_a as_o when_o a_o enemy_n pay_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o war_n or_o perform_v some_o such_o thing_n be_v reconcile_v and_o become_v a_o confederate_a but_o where_o by_o the_o express_a article_n of_o the_o league_n there_o be_v some_o permanent_a and_o last_a prelation_n give_v from_o one_o to_o the_o other_o as_o when_o one_o nation_n be_v bind_v to_o maintain_v the_o honour_n of_o another_o as_o in_o that_o league_n between_o the_o aetolian_n and_o the_o roman_n whereby_o the_o aetolian_n be_v bind_v to_o use_v their_o endeavour_n to_o preserve_v as_o well_o the_o dignity_n as_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n which_o dignity_n be_v sometime_o call_v the_o majesty_n and_o by_o tacitus_n the_o reverence_n of_o the_o empire_n which_o he_o thus_o express_v though_o they_o be_v separate_v from_o we_o in_o place_n and_o live_v within_o their_o own_o bound_n 4._o liâ—_n 4._o yet_o in_o their_o mind_n and_o understanding_n they_o act_v with_o we_o so_o likewise_o florus_n as_o for_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o nation_n though_o free_a yet_o perceive_v the_o vastness_n of_o their_o empire_n they_o do_v high_o reverence_v the_o people_n of_o rome_n be_v conqueror_n of_o so_o many_o nation_n whereunto_o we_o may_v also_o refer_v some_o right_n due_a to_o they_o that_o undertake_v the_o patronage_n and_o defence_n of_o other_o and_o those_o right_n the_o mother_n city_n have_v over_o small_a city_n and_o colony_n among_o the_o grecian_n for_o such_o colony_n say_v thucydides_n enjoy_v the_o same_o right_n of_o liberty_n as_o their_o mother_n city_n do_v colonies_n colonies_n but_o yet_o they_o owe_v a_o reverence_n to_o their_o mother_n city_n and_o aught_o to_o send_v her_o present_n as_o a_o acknowledgement_n of_o the_o honour_n they_o have_v for_o she_o livy_n concern_v that_o ancient_a league_n of_o the_o roman_n who_o have_v receive_v all_o the_o right_n of_o alba_n and_o of_o that_o which_o the_o latin_n derive_v from_o alba_n say_v in_o that_o league_n the_o roman_a state_n be_v superior_a andronious_a rhodius_n follow_v aristotle_n do_v well_o observe_v that_o in_o contract_a amity_n between_o nation_n of_o equal_a power_n succour_n nic._n 9.18_o the_o weak_a shall_v give_v the_o great_a honour_n and_o the_o strong_a the_o great_a succour_n it_o be_v but_o reasoble_a that_o the_o weak_a shall_v give_v the_o great_a honour_n and_o the_o strong_a afford_v the_o great_a succour_n proculus_n in_o his_o answer_n to_o this_o question_n we_o very_o well_o know_v namely_o that_o that_o be_v a_o free_a nation_n which_o be_v not_o subject_a to_o the_o power_n of_o another_o although_o it_o be_v comprehend_v in_o the_o league_n that_o that_o nation_n shall_v faithful_o uphold_v the_o majesty_n of_o the_o other_o if_o therefore_o a_o nation_n bind_v by_o such_o a_o covenant_n do_v yet_o remain_v free_a and_o not_o subject_a to_o the_o power_n of_o another_o it_o follow_v that_o that_o nation_n do_v yet_o retain_v its_o sovereignty_n the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v of_o a_o king_n for_o of_o a_o free-people_n and_o of_o a_o king_n that_o be_v true_o so_o there_o be_v the_o same_o reason_n proculus_n add_v further_a that_o such_o a_o clause_n be_v add_v in_o the_o league_n to_o declare_v that_o one_o nation_n be_v superior_a to_o another_o
the_o very_a same_o word_n but_o yet_o if_o either_o for_o this_o or_o for_o any_o other_o cause_n any_o injury_n be_v offer_v unto_o we_o because_o it_o so_o please_v he_o that_o have_v the_o sovereign_a power_n it_o ought_v rather_o to_o be_v patient_o tolerate_v than_o by_o force_n resist_v for_o although_o we_o do_v not_o owe_v a_o active_a obedience_n to_o such_o command_n of_o prince_n yet_o we_o do_v owe_v a_o passive_a though_o we_o ought_v not_o to_o violate_v the_o law_n of_o god_n or_o of_o nature_n to_o fulfil_v the_o will_n of_o the_o great_a monarch_n yet_o ought_v we_o rather_o patient_o to_o submit_v to_o whatsoever_o he_o shall_v inflict_v upon_o we_o for_o not_o obey_v than_o by_o resistance_n to_o violate_v our_o country_n peace_n the_o best_a and_o safe_a course_n we_o can_v steer_v in_o such_o a_o case_n be_v either_o by_o flight_n to_o preserve_v ourselves_o or_o resolve_o to_o undergo_v whatsoever_o shall_v be_v impose_v on_o we_o ii_o war_n against_o superior_n as_o such_o unlawful_a and_o natural_o all_o man_n have_v a_o right_a to_o repel_v injury_n from_o themselves_o by_o resist_v they_o as_o we_o have_v already_o say_v but_o civil_a society_n be_v once_o institute_v for_o the_o preservation_n of_o peace_n there_o present_o succeed_v unto_o that_o commonwealth_n a_o certain_a great_a right_o over_o we_o and_o we_o so_o far_o forth_o as_o be_v necessary_a for_o that_o end_n and_o therefore_o that_o promiscuous_a right_n that_o nature_n give_v we_o to_o resist_v the_o commonwealth_n for_o the_o maintain_n of_o good_a order_n and_o the_o public_a peace_n have_v a_o right_a to_o prohibit_v which_o without_o all_o doubt_n it_o do_v see_v that_o otherwise_o it_o can_v obtain_v the_o end_n it_o propose_v to_o itself_o for_o in_o case_n that_o promiscuous_a right_n of_o forceable_a resistance_n shall_v be_v tolerate_v it_o will_v be_v no_o long_o a_o commonwealth_n that_o be_v a_o sanctuary_n against_o oppression_n but_o a_o confuse_a rabble_n such_o as_o that_o of_o the_o cyclops_n whereof_o the_o poet_n thus_o where_o every_o ass_n may_v on_o his_o wife_n and_o child_n judgement_n pass_v a_o dissolute_a company_n where_o all_o be_v speaker_n and_o no_o hearer_n like_a unto_o that_o which_o valerius_n record_v of_o the_o bebricii_fw-la who_o all_o league_n and_o law_n disdain_v and_o justice_n which_o man_n mind_n in_o peace_n retain_v sallust_n make_v mention_n of_o a_o wild_a and_o savage_a people_n live_v like_o beast_n in_o wood_n and_o mountain_n without_o law_n and_o without_o government_n who_o he_o call_v aborigines_n and_o in_o another_o place_n of_o the_o getuli_n who_o have_v neither_o law_n good_a custom_n nor_o any_o prince_n to_o govern_v they_o but_o city_n can_v subsist_v without_o these_o generale_fw-mi pactum_fw-la est_fw-la societatis_fw-la humanae_fw-la regibus_fw-la obedire_fw-la all_o humane_a society_n say_v st._n augustine_n unanimous_o agree_v in_o this_o to_o obey_v king_n so_o aeschylus_n king_n live_v by_o their_o own_o law_n subject_n to_o none_o and_o sophocles_n they_o prince_n be_v obey_v we_o must_v what_o not_o to_o the_o same_o tune_n sing_v euripides_n folly_n in_o king_n must_v be_v with_o patience_n bear_v whereunto_o agree_v that_o of_o tacitus_n principi_fw-la summum_fw-la rerum_fw-la arbitrium_fw-la dii_fw-la dederunt_fw-la etc._n etc._n subditis_fw-la obsequii_fw-la gloria_fw-la relicta_fw-la est_fw-la god_n have_v invest_v a_o prince_n with_o sovereign_a power_n leave_v nothing_o to_o subject_n but_o the_o glory_n of_o obedience_n and_o here_o also_o sen._n sen._n thing_n base_a seem_v noble_a when_o by_o prince_n do_v what_o they_o impose_v bear_v thou_o be_v it_o right_a or_o wrong_n wherewith_o agree_v that_o of_o sallust_n impunè_fw-la quid_fw-la vis_fw-la facere_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la regem_fw-la esse_fw-la to_o do_v anything_o without_o fear_n of_o punishment_n be_v peculiar_a to_o king_n for_o as_o mark_n anthony_n urge_v in_o herod_n case_n if_o he_o be_v accountable_a for_o what_o he_o have_v do_v as_o a_o king_n he_o can_v not_o be_v a_o king_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o majesty_n of_o such_o as_o have_v sovereign_a power_n whether_o in_o one_o or_o more_o be_v sence_v with_o so_o many_o and_o so_o severe_a law_n and_o the_o licentiousness_n of_o subject_n restrain_v with_o such_o sharp_a and_o exquisite_a torment_n which_o be_v unreasonable_a if_o to_o resist_v they_o be_v lawful_a if_o a_o soldier_n resist_v his_o captain_n that_o strike_v he_o again_o a_o officer_n strike_v must_v not_o be_v strike_v again_o and_o but_o lie_v hold_v on_o his_o partisan_n he_o shall_v be_v cashier_v but_o if_o he_o either_o break_v it_o or_o offer_v to_o strike_v again_o he_o shall_v be_v put_v to_o death_n for_o as_o aristotle_n observe_v if_o he_o that_o be_v a_o officer_n strike_v he_o shall_v not_o be_v strike_v again_o iii_o the_o unlawfulness_n of_o make_v war_n against_o our_o superior_n prove_v by_o the_o jewish_a law_n by_o the_o hebrew_n law_n he_o that_o behave_v himself_o contumacious_o against_o either_o the_o highpriest_n or_o against_o he_o who_o be_v extraordinary_o by_o god_n ordain_v to_o govern_v his_o people_n be_v to_o be_v put_v to_o death_n and_o that_o which_o in_o the_o eight_o chapter_n of_o the_o first_o book_n of_o samuel_n be_v speak_v of_o the_o right_n of_o king_n to_o he_o that_o thorough_o inspect_v it_o be_v neither_o to_o be_v understand_v of_o their_o true_a and_o just_a right_n that_o be_v of_o what_o they_o may_v do_v just_o and_o honest_o for_o the_o duty_n of_o king_n be_v much_o otherwise_o describe_v deut._n 8.11_o nor_o be_v it_o to_o be_v understand_v bare_o of_o what_o he_o will_v do_v for_o than_o it_o have_v signify_v nothing_o that_o be_v singular_a or_o extraordinary_a 17.14_o jos_n 1.18_o 1_o sam._n 8.11_o deut._n 17.14_o for_o private_a man_n do_v the_o same_o to_o private_a man_n but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o such_o a_o fact_n as_o usurp_v or_o carry_v with_o it_o the_o privilege_n of_o what_o be_v right_a that_o be_v that_o it_o must_v not_o be_v resist_v although_o it_o be_v not_o right_a for_o king_n have_v a_o right_n peculiar_a to_o themselves_o and_o what_o in_o other_o be_v punishable_a in_o they_o be_v not_o that_o old_a say_v summum_fw-la jus_o summa_fw-la injuria_fw-la extreme_a right_n be_v extreme_a wrong_n be_v best_a fit_v to_o the_o case_n of_o king_n who_o absolute_a power_n makâ—s_v that_o seem_v right_a which_o strict_o take_v be_v not_o so_o there_o be_v a_o main_a difference_n between_o right_a in_o this_o sense_n take_v just_a right_o difference_v from_o just_a and_o just_o for_o in_o the_o former_a sense_n it_o comprehend_v whatsoever_o may_v be_v do_v without_o fear_n of_o punishment_n but_o just_o respect_v only_a thing_n lawful_a and_o honest_a and_o though_o some_o king_n there_o be_v who_o be_v what_o servius_n in_o cicero_n philippic_n be_v command_v to_o be_v magis_fw-la justitiae_fw-la quam_fw-la juris_fw-la consulti_fw-la more_o regardful_a of_o their_o honour_n and_o duty_n than_o of_o their_o power_n and_o prerogative_n yet_o this_o do_v not_o diminish_v their_o sovereign_a right_n because_o if_o they_o will_v they_o may_v do_v otherwise_o without_o the_o danger_n of_o be_v resist_v and_o therefore_o it_o be_v add_v in_o that_o place_n of_o samuel_n before_o cite_v that_o when_o the_o people_n shall_v at_o any_o time_n be_v thus_o oppress_v by_o their_o king_n as_o if_o there_o be_v no_o remedy_n to_o be_v expect_v from_o man_n they_o shall_v invoke_v his_o help_n who_o be_v the_o supreme_a judge_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n so_o that_o whatsoever_o a_o king_n do_v though_o the_o same_o do_v by_o a_o inferior_a person_n will_v be_v a_o injury_n yet_o be_v do_v by_o he_o be_v right_o as_o a_o judge_n be_v say_v jus_fw-la reddere_fw-la to_o do_v right_a though_o the_o sentence_n he_o give_v be_v unrighteous_a iv_o by_o the_o gospel_n law_n when_o christ_n in_o the_o new_a testament_n command_v to_o give_v caesar_n his_o due_a doubtless_o he_o intend_v that_o his_o disciple_n shall_v yield_v as_o great_a if_o not_o a_o great_a obedience_n as_o well_o active_a as_o passive_a unto_o the_o high_a power_n than_o what_o be_v due_a from_o the_o jew_n to_o their_o king_n which_o st._n paul_n who_o be_v best_o able_a to_o interpret_v his_o master_n word_n expound_v rom._n 13._o do_v at_o large_a describe_v the_o duty_n of_o subject_n 13.2_o rom._n 13.2_o charge_v those_o that_o resist_v the_o power_n of_o king_n with_o no_o less_o crime_n than_o rebellion_n against_o god_n ordinance_n and_o with_o a_o judgement_n as_o great_a as_o their_o sin_n for_o say_v he_o they_o that_o do_v so_o resist_v shall_v receive_v unto_o themselves_o damnation_n and_o a_o little_a after_o he_o urge_v the_o necessity_n of_o our_o subjection_n not_o altogether_o for_o fear_n but_o for_o conscience_n as_o know_v that_o he_o
supreme_a seem_v to_o introduce_v such_o a_o state_n of_o thing_n as_o the_o poet_n fancy_v to_o have_v be_v in_o heaven_n before_o majesty_n be_v think_v on_o when_o the_o lesser_a god_n deny_v the_o prerogative_n of_o jupiter_n but_o this_o order_n or_o subordination_n of_o one_o to_o another_o be_v not_o only_o approve_v of_o by_o common_a experience_n as_o in_o every_o family_n the_o father_n be_v the_o head_n next_o unto_o he_o the_o mother_n than_o the_o child_n and_o after_o they_o the_o servant_n and_o such_o as_o be_v under_o they_o so_o in_o every_o kingdom_n each_o power_n under_o high_a power_n be_v and_o all_o governor_n be_v under_o government_n to_o which_o purpose_n be_v that_o notable_a say_n of_o st._n augustine_n resistit_fw-la grat._n c._n 11._o â—_o 3._o qui_fw-la resistit_fw-la observe_v say_v he_o the_o degree_n of_o all_o humane_a thing_n if_o thy_o tutor_n enjoin_v thou_o any_o thing_n thou_o must_v do_v it_o yet_o not_o in_o case_n the_o proconsul_n command_v the_o contrary_a neither_o must_v thou_o obey_v the_o consul_n if_o thy_o prince_n command_v otherwise_o for_o in_o so_o do_v thou_o can_v not_o be_v say_v to_o contemn_v authority_n but_o thou_o choose_v to_o obey_v that_o which_o be_v high_a neither_o aught_o the_o lesser_a power_n to_o be_v offend_v that_o the_o great_a be_v prefer_v before_o they_o for_o god_n be_v the_o god_n of_o order_n and_o that_o also_o of_o the_o same_o father_n concern_v pilate_n johan_n ad_fw-la johan_n because_o say_v he_o god_n have_v invest_v he_o with_o such_o a_o power_n as_o be_v itself_o subordinate_a to_o that_o of_o caesar_n '_o s._n but_o it_o be_v also_o approve_a of_o by_o divine_a authority_n 2.1_o 1_o ep._n 2.1_o for_o st._n peter_n enjoin_v we_o to_o be_v subject_a unto_o king_n otherwise_o than_o unto_o magistrate_n to_o king_n as_o supreme_a that_o be_v absolute_o without_o exception_n to_o any_o other_o command_n than_o those_o direct_o from_o god_n who_o be_v so_o far_o from_o justify_v our_o resistance_n that_o he_o command_v our_o passive_a obedience_n but_o unto_o magistrate_n as_o they_o be_v depute_v by_o king_n and_o as_o they_o derive_v their_o authority_n from_o they_o 13._o rom._n 13._o and_o when_o st._n paul_n subject_n every_o soul_n to_o the_o high_a power_n doubtless_o he_o exempt_v not_o inferior_a magistrate_n neither_o do_v we_o find_v among_o the_o hebrew_n where_o there_o be_v so_o many_o king_n utter_o regardless_o of_o the_o law_n both_o of_o god_n and_o man_n any_o inferior_a magistrate_n among_o who_o some_o without_o all_o question_n there_o be_v both_o pious_a and_o valiant_a that_o ever_o arrogate_a unto_o themselves_o this_o right_n of_o resist_v by_o force_n the_o power_n of_o their_o king_n without_o a_o express_a command_n from_o god_n who_o alone_o have_v a_o unlimited_a power_n and_o jurisdiction_n over_o they_o but_o on_o the_o contrary_a what_o duty_n inferior_a magistrate_n owe_v unto_o their_o king_n though_o wicked_a samuel_n will_v instruct_v we_o by_o his_o own_o example_n who_o though_o he_o know_v that_o saul_n have_v corrupt_v himself_o 3â—_n 1_o sam._n 15_o 3â—_n and_o that_o god_n also_o have_v reject_v he_o from_o be_v king_n yet_o before_o the_o people_n and_o before_o the_o elder_n of_o israel_n he_o give_v he_o that_o reverence_n and_o respect_n that_o be_v due_a unto_o he_o and_o so_o likewise_o the_o state_n of_o religion_n public_o profess_v do_v never_o depend_v upon_o any_o other_o humane_a authority_n but_o on_o that_o of_o the_o king_n and_o sanhedrim_n for_o in_o that_o after_o the_o king_n the_o magistrate_n with_o the_o people_n engage_v themselves_o to_o the_o true_a worship_n and_o service_n of_o god_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v understand_v so_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o shall_v be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o every_o one_o of_o they_o nay_o the_o very_a image_n of_o their_o false_a god_n which_o be_v public_o erect_v and_o therefore_o can_v not_o but_o be_v scandalous_a to_o such_o as_o be_v true_o religious_a yet_o be_v they_o never_o demolish_v so_o far_o as_o we_o can_v read_v of_o but_o at_o the_o special_a command_n either_o of_o the_o people_n when_o the_o government_n be_v popular_a or_o of_o king_n when_o the_o government_n be_v kingly_a and_o if_o the_o scripture_n do_v make_v mention_n of_o any_o violence_n sometime_o offer_v unto_o king_n it_o be_v not_o to_o justify_v the_o fact_n but_o to_o show_v the_o equity_n of_o the_o divine_a providence_n in_o permit_v it_o and_o whereas_o they_o of_o the_o contrary_a persuasion_n do_v frequent_o urge_v that_o excellent_a say_n of_o trajan_n the_o emperor_n who_o deliver_v a_o sword_n to_o a_o captain_n of_o the_o praetorian_a band_n say_v hoc_fw-la pro_fw-la i_o vtere_fw-la si_fw-la rectè_fw-la impero_fw-la si_fw-la malè_fw-la contra_fw-la me_fw-it use_v this_o sword_n for_o i_o if_o i_o govern_v well_o but_o if_o otherwise_o against_o i_o we_o must_v know_v that_o trajan_n as_o appear_v by_o pliny_n panegyric_n be_v not_o willing_a to_o assume_v unto_o himself_o regal_a power_n but_o rather_o to_o behave_v himself_o as_o a_o good_a prince_n who_o be_v willing_a to_o submit_v to_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o senate_n and_o people_n who_o decree_n he_o will_v have_v that_o captain_n to_o execute_v though_o it_o be_v against_o himself_o who_o example_n both_o pertinax_n and_o macrinus_n do_v afterward_o follow_v who_o excellent_a speech_n to_o this_o purpose_n be_v record_v by_o herodian_a the_o like_a we_o read_v of_o m._n anthony_n who_o refuse_v to_o touch_v the_o public_a treasure_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o roman_a senate_n vii_o of_o resistance_n in_o case_n of_o inevitable_a necessity_n but_o the_o case_n will_v yet_o be_v more_o difficult_a whether_o this_o law_n of_o not_o resist_v do_v oblige_v we_o when_o the_o danger_n that_o threaten_v we_o be_v extreme_a and_o otherwise_o inevitable_a for_o some_o of_o the_o law_n of_o god_n himself_o though_o they_o sound_v absolute_o yet_o seem_v to_o admit_v of_o some_o tacit_a exceptioâ—s_v in_o case_n of_o extreme_a necessity_n for_o so_o it_o be_v by_o the_o wise_a of_o the_o jewish_a doctor_n express_o determine_v concern_v the_o law_n of_o their_o sabbath_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o hasamonaean_n whence_o arise_v that_o famous_a say_n among_o they_o periculum_fw-la animae_fw-la impellit_fw-la sabbatum_fw-la the_o danger_n of_o a_o man_n life_n drive_v away_o the_o sabbath_n when_o the_o jew_n in_o synesius_n be_v accuse_v for_o the_o breach_n of_o the_o sabbath_n he_o excuse_v himself_o by_o another_o law_n and_o that_o more_o forcible_a say_v we_o be_v in_o manifest_a jeopardy_n of_o our_o life_n when_o bacchides_n have_v bring_v the_o army_n of_o the_o jew_n into_o a_o great_a strait_n on_o their_o sabbath_n day_n place_v his_o army_n before_o they_o and_o behind_o they_o the_o river_n jordan_n be_v on_o both_o side_n jonathan_n thus_o bespeak_v his_o soldier_n let_v we_o go_v up_o now_o and_o fight_v for_o our_o life_n for_o it_o stand_v not_o with_o we_o to_o day_n as_o in_o time_n past_a 45._o 1_o macc._n 9.43_o 44_o 45._o which_o case_n of_o necessity_n be_v approve_v of_o even_o by_o christ_n himself_o as_o well_o in_o this_o law_n of_o the_o sabbath_n as_o in_o that_o of_o not_o eat_v the_o shewbread_n and_o the_o hebrew_n doctor_n pretend_v the_o authority_n of_o a_o ancient_a tradition_n do_v right_o interpret_v their_o law_n make_v against_o the_o eat_n of_o meat_n forbid_v with_o this_o tacit_a exception_n not_o that_o it_o be_v not_o just_a with_o god_n to_o have_v oblige_v we_o even_o unto_o death_n but_o that_o some_o law_n of_o his_o be_v conversant_a about_o such_o matter_n as_o it_o can_v easy_o be_v believe_v that_o they_o be_v intend_v to_o have_v be_v prosecute_v with_o so_o much_o rigour_n as_o to_o reduce_v we_o to_o such_o a_o extremity_n as_o to_o die_v rather_o than_o to_o disobey_v they_o which_o in_o humane_a law_n do_v yet_o further_o proceed_v i_o deny_v not_o but_o that_o some_o act_n of_o virtue_n be_v so_o strict_o enjoin_v that_o if_o we_o perform_v they_o not_o we_o may_v just_o be_v put_v to_o death_n as_o for_o a_o sentinel_n to_o forsake_v his_o station_n but_o neither_o be_v this_o to_o be_v rash_o understand_v to_o be_v the_o will_n of_o the_o lawgiver_n nor_o do_v man_n assume_v so_o much_o right_o over_o either_o themselves_o or_o other_o unless_o it_o be_v when_o and_o so_o far_o forth_o as_o extreme_a necessity_n require_v it_o for_o all_o humane_a law_n be_v so_o constitute_v or_o so_o to_o be_v understand_v as_o that_o there_o shall_v be_v some_o allowance_n for_o humane_a frailty_n the_o right_a understanding_n of_o this_o law_n ☜_o ☜_o of_o resist_v or_o not_o resist_v the_o high_a power_n in_o case_n of_o inevitable_a necessity_n seem_v much_o to_o depend_v upon_o the_o intention_n of_o
be_v proper_o we_o may_v be_v common_a to_o other_o let_v we_o now_o examine_v whether_o in_o what_o be_v proper_o we_o there_o may_v yet_o remain_v a_o right_n in_o common_a to_o other_o which_o question_n may_v by_o some_o be_v think_v strange_a consider_v that_o property_n seem_v to_o swallow_v up_o all_o right_n which_o be_v at_o first_o hold_v in_o common_a but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o for_o our_o better_a understanding_n whereof_o we_o must_v look_v back_o to_o the_o true_a meaning_n of_o those_o who_o first_o introduce_v particular_a dominion_n which_o may_v be_v presume_v to_o be_v such_o as_o do_v as_o little_a as_o may_v be_v recede_v from_o natural_a equity_n for_o if_o even_o our_o write_a law_n oblige_v we_o but_o to_o a_o quatenus_fw-la fieri_fw-la potest_fw-la to_o what_o in_o natural_a equity_n may_v be_v do_v as_o appear_v by_o our_o frequent_a appeal_n from_o our_o statute_n and_o common_a law_n unto_o our_o court_n of_o chancery_n much_o more_o may_v our_o custom_n admit_v of_o such_o a_o exposition_n which_o be_v not_o fit_v to_o word_n and_o syllable_n hence_o than_o it_o follow_v that_o in_o case_n of_o extreme_a necessity_n that_o ancient_a right_n of_o use_v every_o particular_a man_n good_n as_o if_o they_o remain_v yet_o in_o common_a stand_v in_o force_n for_o as_o in_o all_o humane_a law_n so_o in_o this_o very_a law_n of_o dominion_n case_n of_o absolute_a necessity_n be_v general_o except_v hence_o it_o be_v that_o in_o navigation_n navigation_n in_o navigation_n if_o the_o common_a stock_n of_o victual_n be_v spend_v what_o every_o particular_a man_n have_v be_v hold_v as_o common_a so_o in_o the_o case_n of_o fire_n fire_n in_o the_o case_n of_o fire_n if_o i_o can_v otherwise_o avoid_v it_o i_o may_v pull_v down_o my_o neighbour_n house_n to_o preserve_v my_o own_o and_o on_o the_o sea_n if_o my_o ship_n fall_v foul_a or_o be_v entangle_v with_o another_o i_o may_v cut_v their_o cable_n to_o free_v myself_o all_o which_o be_v not_o introduce_v but_o expound_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n but_o this_o as_o ulpian_n tell_v we_o never_o hold_v unless_o it_o be_v in_o case_n of_o extreme_a and_o manifest_a necessity_n where_o this_o case_n be_v add_v of_o the_o blow_v up_o of_o another_o man_n house_n to_o save_v my_o own_o for_o even_o among_o divine_n it_o be_v a_o receive_a opinion_n that_o in_o a_o time_n of_o absolute_a necessity_n if_o a_o man_n shall_v take_v away_o from_o another_o that_o without_o which_o he_o that_o take_v it_o can_v live_v he_o do_v not_o commit_v theft_n not_o as_o some_o think_v because_o it_o be_v to_o be_v presume_v that_o the_o right_a owner_n by_o the_o rule_n of_o charity_n be_v bind_v to_o give_v it_o to_o he_o that_o so_o want_v it_o but_o that_o it_o may_v be_v presume_v that_o the_o reduce_n of_o thing_n original_o common_a into_o private_a dominion_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v with_o some_o grain_n of_o allowance_n in_o such_o case_n for_o if_o they_o that_o first_o divide_v such_o thing_n have_v be_v demand_v what_o they_o will_v to_o have_v be_v do_v in_o such_o a_o case_n they_o will_v certain_o have_v be_v of_o this_o mind_n necessity_n say_v seneca_n the_o father_n be_v a_o most_o benign_a patroness_n to_o humane_a frailty_n will_v not_o be_v bind_v up_o by_o any_o law_n i._n e._n humane_a or_o that_o be_v make_v after_o the_o manner_n of_o humane_a law_n quicquid_fw-la coegit_fw-la defendit_fw-la whatsoever_o it_o command_v it_o also_o defend_v say_v the_o same_o seneca_n in_o a_o storm_n it_o disburthen_n the_o ship_n with_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o good_n in_o a_o fire_n it_o quench_v the_o stone_n with_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o fabric_n 11._o philip_n 11._o necessity_n be_v indeed_o the_o law_n of_o time_n thus_o cicero_n cassius_n sâ—â—th_o he_o pass_v over_o into_o syria_n another_o man_n province_n if_o man_n may_v free_o enjoy_v the_o benefit_n of_o our_o write_a law_n but_o these_o be_v by_o arm_n suppress_v into_o his_o own_o province_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n so_o curtius_n in_o a_o common_a calamity_n every_o man_n must_v bear_v his_o portion_n and_o be_v content_a with_o the_o fortune_n that_o befall_v he_o vii_o but_o not_o if_o the_o necessity_n be_v otherwise_o avoidable_o but_o some_o caution_n ought_v to_o be_v admit_v lest_o this_o licence_n stray_v too_o far_o the_o first_o whereof_o be_v this_o that_o all_o way_n and_o mean_n be_v in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o be_v try_v whether_o this_o necessity_n may_v be_v otherwise_o avoid_v that_o so_o it_o may_v appear_v unto_o all_o man_n that_o this_o necessity_n be_v extreme_a as_o we_o shall_v first_o make_v our_o application_n to_o the_o magistrate_n and_o try_v whether_o he_o will_v relieve_v we_o then_o to_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o good_n whether_o we_o may_v by_o entreaty_n obtain_v that_o which_o we_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o plato_n will_v not_o permit_v any_o man_n to_o require_v water_n from_o another_o well_n that_o have_v not_o dug_n for_o water_n in_o his_o own_o ground_n usque_fw-la ad_fw-la cretam_fw-la even_o till_o he_o come_v to_o chalk_n but_o can_v find_v none_o solon_n require_v that_o he_o shall_v dig_v forty_o cubit_n in_o his_o own_o land_n whereunto_o plutarch_n add_v subveniendum_fw-la necessitati_fw-la non_fw-la instruendum_fw-la pigritiam_fw-la it_o be_v sit_v that_o man_n necessity_n shall_v be_v relieve_v but_o not_o that_o idleness_n shall_v be_v encourage_v and_o it_o be_v xenophon_n plea_n to_o the_o sinopense_n 5._o cyr._n exp_v l._n 5._o wheresoever_o we_o be_v deny_v the_o common_a right_n of_o buy_v necessary_n there_o whether_o from_o grecian_n or_o barbarian_n we_o will_v take_v they_o by_o force_n yet_o not_o out_o of_o perverseness_n but_o necessity_n viii_o nor_o if_o there_o be_v the_o like_a necessity_n in_o the_o right_a owner_n 2._o this_o be_v not_o to_o be_v allow_v if_o the_o right_a owner_n be_v press_v by_o the_o like_a necessity_n for_o when_o the_o case_n it_o equal_a possidentis_fw-la melior_fw-la est_fw-la conditio_fw-la 17._o conditio_fw-la lactant._n l._n 5._o c._n 17._o the_o condition_n of_o the_o present_a occupant_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v a_o wise_a man_n will_v rather_o die_v say_v lactantius_n than_o be_v unjust_a he_o will_v not_o dispossess_v the_o shipwrack_v of_o the_o plank_n he_o bestride_v though_o he_o may_v thereby_o save_v his_o own_o life_n nor_o unhorse_v his_o wound_a comrade_n although_o by_o betray_v his_o life_n he_o may_v save_v his_o own_o will_v not_o then_o a_o wise_a man_n say_v cicero_z be_v famish_v with_o hunger_n take_v away_o meat_n from_o he_o who_o he_o know_v to_o be_v good_a for_o nothing_o 3._o off._n l._n 3._o no_o sure_o for_o life_n itself_o be_v not_o dear_a unto_o i_o than_o this_o resolution_n of_o i_o nominem_fw-la ut_fw-la violem_fw-la commodi_fw-la mei_fw-la gratia_fw-la not_o to_o injure_v another_o to_o benefit_n myself_o so_o curtius_n melior_fw-la est_fw-la causa_fw-la suum_fw-la non_fw-la tradentis_fw-la quam_fw-la alienum_fw-la poscentis_fw-la for_o better_a be_v his_o condition_n that_o give_v not_o what_o be_v his_o own_o than_o his_o that_o require_v that_o which_o be_v another_o man_n ix_o thing_n thus_o take_v be_v to_o be_v restore_v when_o we_o be_v able_a three_o when_o the_o danger_n incumbent_a be_v pass_v restitution_n be_v to_o be_v make_v if_o we_o be_v able_a some_o there_o be_v that_o think_v otherwise_o be_v sway_v by_o this_o argument_n because_o he_o that_o use_v his_o own_o right_n only_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o restitution_n but_o to_o speak_v true_o this_o right_n be_v not_o his_o own_o full_o and_o absolute_o but_o restrain_v and_o clog_v with_o the_o duty_n of_o restitution_n when_o that_o necessity_n shall_v cease_v for_o such_o a_o limit_a right_n suffice_v to_o preserve_v natural_a equity_n against_o the_o rigour_n of_o absolute_a dominion_n x._o a_o example_n of_o this_o right_n in_o war_n hence_o we_o may_v collect_v by_o what_o right_o he_o that_o wage_v a_o just_a war_n may_v lawful_o surprise_v and_o hold_v some_o strong_a place_n in_o a_o country_n that_o be_v at_o peace_n with_o he_o be_v but_o weak_o guard_v that_o be_v to_o say_v if_o there_o be_v no_o imaginary_a but_o a_o certain_a danger_n that_o his_o enemy_n may_v possess_v himself_o of_o it_o and_o thereby_o do_v he_o a_o irreparable_a damage_n especial_o if_o nothing_o be_v take_v but_o what_o be_v necessary_a for_o his_o own_o security_n as_o namely_o the_o bare_a custody_n of_o the_o place_n leaâ—ing_v the_o jurisdiction_n and_o profit_n thereof_o unto_o the_o right_a owner_n and_o last_o if_o it_o be_v do_v with_o a_o full_a purpose_n to_o restore_v even_o the_o custody_n of_o the_o place_n also_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o necessity_n of_o keep_v it_o for_o his_o own_o indemnity_n shall_v cease_v 24._o livy_n l._n 24._o
legatione_n in_o legatione_n the_o same_o do_v simplicius_n testify_v the_o ancient_a roman_a law_n respect_v as_o well_o the_o dignity_n of_o the_o father_n as_o their_o great_a pain_n and_o care_n in_o the_o education_n of_o their_o child_n the_o better_a to_o tie_v they_o up_o in_o the_o strict_a bond_n of_o obedience_n without_o exception_n yet_o as_o i_o believe_v presume_v upon_o their_o natural_a assection_n et_fw-la venundandi_fw-la si_fw-la vellent_fw-la &_o impunè_fw-la interficiendi_fw-la parentibus_fw-la jus_o dederunt_fw-la give_v the_o parent_n absolute_a power_n either_o to_o sell_v or_o if_o they_o will_v to_o kill_v their_o own_o child_n the_o like_a power_n give_v to_o parent_n over_o their_o child_n by_o the_o persian_n aristotle_n condemn_v as_o tyrannical_a which_o i_o be_v therefore_o willing_a to_o insert_v that_o so_o we_o may_v the_o more_o exact_o distinguish_v between_o the_o natural_a and_o civil_a right_n of_o parent_n over_o their_o child_n viii_o a_o right_n over_o person_n by_o consent_n of_o a_o husband_n over_o his_o wife_n the_o right_n that_o be_v gain_v over_o person_n by_o consent_n be_v gain_v either_o by_o consociation_n or_o by_o subjection_n of_o that_o which_o arise_v from_o consociation_n the_o most_o natural_a be_v that_o of_o wedlock_n wherein_o all_o thing_n be_v common_a yet_o the_o right_n of_o command_n which_o be_v the_o prerogative_n of_o the_o husband_n as_o be_v of_o the_o noble_a sex_n be_v not_o common_a for_o he_o be_v the_o head_n of_o the_o wife_n as_o well_o in_o conjugal_a as_o in_o household_n affair_n for_o the_o wife_n be_v but_o a_o part_n of_o the_o husband_n family_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v the_o husband_n right_o to_o appoint_v law_n in_o his_o own_o house_n but_o what_o power_n soever_o it_o be_v that_o be_v give_v to_o the_o husband_n beyond_o this_o as_o by_o the_o hebrew_n law_n the_o husband_n have_v power_n to_o make_v void_a all_o the_o vow_n make_v by_o his_o wife_n and_o by_o the_o law_n of_o some_o people_n he_o have_v power_n to_o sell_v away_o all_o his_o wife_n good_n this_o arise_v not_o from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n but_o from_o the_o voluntary_a law_n of_o man_n and_o here_o it_o be_v requisite_a that_o we_o inquire_v into_o the_o nature_n and_o essence_n of_o matrimony_n what_o matrimony_n what_o and_o we_o find_v marriage_n take_v natural_o to_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o such_o a_o cohabitation_n of_o a_o man_n with_o a_o woman_n as_o placeth_z the_o woman_n as_o it_o be_v under_o the_o eye_n that_o be_v under_o the_o safeguard_n of_o the_o man_n for_o such_o a_o consociation_n we_o may_v observe_v to_o be_v among_o dumb_a creature_n but_o because_o man_n be_v govern_v by_o reason_n therefore_o it_o be_v require_v from_o the_o woman_n that_o she_o be_v faithful_a and_o obedient_a unto_o her_o husband_n for_o subjection_n be_v rational_o due_a to_o protection_n ix_o whether_o the_o tie_n of_o one_o man_n to_o one_o woman_n inseparable_o be_v by_o the_o natural_a or_o evangelical_n law_n only_o sure_o nature_n seem_v to_o require_v no_o more_o to_o the_o constitution_n of_o marriage_n than_o cohabitation_n and_o protection_n neither_o do_v the_o law_n of_o god_n require_v more_o before_o the_o publish_n of_o the_o gospel_n for_o diverse_a holy_a man_n before_o the_o law_n have_v several_a wife_n at_o the_o same_o time_n st._n chrysostome_n speak_v of_o sarah_n say_v that_o it_o be_v some_o comfort_n against_o her_o barrenness_n to_o have_v child_n by_o her_o husband_n though_o beget_v on_o her_o handmaid_n nondum_fw-la enim_fw-la talia_fw-la tunc_fw-la vetita_fw-la erant_fw-la for_o such_o thing_n be_v not_o as_o yet_o forbid_v so_o st._n augustine_n 14.8_o augustine_n de_fw-fr civit._fw-la dei_fw-la lib._n 16._o c_o 38._o de_fw-fr doct._n christ_n lib._n 4._o c._n 12._o deut._n 21.15.17.16_o 17._o 2_o sam._n 14.8_o there_o be_v then_o no_o law_n give_v against_o the_o have_v of_o many_o wife_n for_o propagation_n sake_n and_o in_o another_o place_n erat_fw-la uxorum_fw-la plurium_fw-la simul_fw-la habendarum_fw-la tunc_fw-la inculpabilis_fw-la consuetudo_fw-la the_o custom_n of_o have_v many_o wife_n at_o once_o be_v then_o unblameable_a and_o even_o under_o the_o law_n we_o find_v some_o precept_n give_v to_o those_o that_o shall_v have_v many_o wife_n at_o once_o and_o we_o find_v it_o express_o forbid_v to_o their_o king_n to_o be_v excessive_a in_o accumulate_v either_o wife_n or_o horse_n wherefore_o the_o hebrew_n doctor_n upon_o that_o place_n do_v limit_v their_o king_n to_o eighteen_o wife_n and_o concubine_n and_o no_o more_o and_o josephus_n acknowledge_v that_o to_o have_v many_o wife_n at_o once_o be_v mos_fw-la patrius_fw-la the_o custom_n of_o his_o country_n therefore_o god_n himself_o seem_v to_o upbraid_v david_n for_o that_o he_o have_v give_v he_o his_o master_n wife_n and_o concubine_n quas_fw-la justè_fw-la &_o legitimè_fw-la habere_fw-la posset_n who_o he_o may_v just_o and_o lawful_o enjoy_v say_v josephus_n indissoluble_a ant._n hist_o l._n 17._o c._n 1._o nor_o be_v this_o knot_n indissoluble_a neither_o be_v this_o knot_n of_o marriage_n under_o the_o law_n indissoluble_a as_o now_o it_o be_v for_o we_o find_v a_o prescript_n form_n to_o he_o that_o be_v willing_a to_o put_v away_o his_o wife_n neither_o be_v any_o man_n forbid_v to_o marry_v the_o person_n repudiate_v but_o he_o only_o that_o put_v she_o away_o and_o the_o priest_n who_o also_o be_v in_o the_o same_o place_n forbid_v to_o marry_v a_o widow_n or_o a_o harlot_n now_o whereas_o philo_n and_o many_o modern_a interpreter_n 21.7_o leu._n 21.7_o do_v understand_v this_o to_o be_v mean_v of_o the_o high_a priest_n only_o by_o reason_n of_o that_o which_o follow_v ver_fw-la 10._o it_o be_v evident_a by_o that_o of_o ezek._n 44.22_o that_o every_o priest_n be_v thereby_o forbid_v as_o may_v also_o be_v easy_o collect_v from_o the_o connexion_n of_o this_o seven_o verse_n with_o the_o verse_n precede_v but_o yet_o this_o liberty_n that_o be_v thus_o give_v to_o the_o woman_n that_o be_v repudiate_v to_o become_v another_o man_n wife_n be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n restrain_v to_o a_o certain_a time_n after_o her_o divorce_n to_o avoid_v confusion_n about_o her_o issue_n to_o prevent_v which_o the_o jew_n do_v require_v that_o there_o shall_v be_v three_o month_n interval_n law_n whether_o a_o woman_n have_v conceive_v may_v marry_v before_o delivery_n the_o christian_a law_n between_o the_o divorce_n and_o the_o second_o marriage_n whence_o arise_v that_o question_n in_o tacitus_n whether_o a_o woman_n have_v conceive_v may_v be_v marry_v before_o her_o delivery_n but_o the_o christian_a law_n have_v reduce_v this_o as_o many_o other_o thing_n beside_o to_o a_o more_o perfect_a rule_n whereby_o both_o he_o that_o put_v away_o his_o wife_n unless_o for_o the_o act_n of_o uncleanness_n and_o he_o that_o marry_v she_o that_o be_v put_v away_o be_v both_o pronounce_v guilty_a of_o adultery_n and_o st._n paul_n who_o be_v both_o his_o apostle_n and_o interpreter_n do_v give_v not_o only_o to_o the_o husband_n the_o power_n over_o his_o wife_n body_n which_o he_o have_v before_o under_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n for_o he_o that_o join_v himself_o to_o a_o woman_n in_o marriage_n in_o corpus_fw-la ejus_fw-la habet_fw-la dominium_fw-la have_v power_n over_o her_o body_n say_v artemidorus_z but_o to_o the_o wife_n likewise_o power_n over_o the_o body_n of_o her_o husband_n thereby_o make_v the_o obligation_n mutual_a and_o the_o transgression_n on_o either_o part_n equal_a so_o lactantius_n the_o divine_a law_n do_v so_o conjoin_v two_o person_n in_o matrimony_n that_o be_v into_o one_o body_n 23._o inst_z l._n 6._o c._n 23._o on_o such_o equal_a term_n that_o whosoever_o shall_v violate_v this_o bond_n or_o cut_v asunder_o this_o knot_n shall_v be_v repute_v a_o adulterer_n and_o therefore_o he_o present_o subjoin_v by_o thy_o own_o example_n thou_o be_v to_o teach_v thy_o wife_n chastity_n iniquum_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la id_fw-la exigas_fw-la quod_fw-la ipse_fw-la praestare_fw-la non_fw-la possis_fw-la it_o be_v very_o unjust_a to_o exact_v that_o from_o she_o which_o thou_o can_v not_o perform_v thyself_o to_o the_o same_o sense_n and_o almost_o in_o the_o same_o word_n speak_v nazianzene_n be_v equal_o bind_v quomodo_fw-la exigis_fw-la quod_fw-la non_fw-la rependis_fw-la with_o what_o conscience_n can_v thou_o exact_v that_o which_o thou_o refuse_v to_o pay_v to_o the_o same_o purpose_n be_v that_o of_o st._n jerome_n to_o oceanus_n the_o law_n of_o caesar_n be_v one_o thing_n and_o the_o law_n of_o christ_n another_o papinian_n command_v one_o thing_n and_o st._n paul_n another_o by_o the_o former_a the_o reins_o of_o our_o unbridled_a lust_n be_v let_v loose_a and_o adultery_n only_o be_v condemn_v every_o where_o man_n be_v permit_v to_o frequent_v the_o stew_n and_o brothel-house_n without_o restraint_n quasi_fw-la dignitas_fw-la culpam_fw-la
wine_n and_o dainty_a fare_n the_o court_n inflame_v of_o their_o unbridled_a lust_n be_v not_o ashamed_a and_o a_o little_a after_o cui_fw-la fas_fw-la implere_fw-la parentem_fw-la quid_fw-la reor_fw-la essenefas_fw-la who_o fear_v not_o with_o his_o mother_n to_o lie_v to_o he_o what_o can_v be_v villainy_n the_o execrable_a custom_n particular_o among_o the_o persian_n 20._o orat._n 20._o dion_n prusaeensis_n prudent_o attribute_n to_o their_o evil_a education_n but_o here_o we_o can_v without_o wonder_v pass_v by_o that_o vain_a conceit_n of_o socrates_n and_o xenophon_n who_o can_v find_v nothing_o reprovable_a in_o these_o incestuous_a marriage_n beside_o the_o disparity_n in_o age_n whence_o barrenness_n or_o misshapen_v child_n must_v necessary_o follow_v for_o if_o there_o be_v no_o other_o reason_n than_o this_o to_o hinder_v such_o marriage_n sure_o it_o can_v no_o more_o invalid_a these_o than_o the_o like_a disparity_n in_o year_n can_v render_v other_o marriage_n unlawful_a but_o that_o which_o be_v much_o more_o worthy_a of_o our_o enquiry_n be_v this_o whether_o among_o man_n unbiased_a by_o a_o ill_a education_n there_o be_v not_o beside_o that_o which_o as_o i_o have_v say_v be_v conceive_v in_o the_o mind_n and_o understanding_n a_o natural_a abhorrency_n even_o in_o our_o affection_n to_o commix_v either_o with_o our_o own_o parent_n or_o with_o the_o child_n issue_v out_o of_o our_o own_o loin_n 47._o some_o beast_n abhor_v such_o coition_n lib._n 5._o adv_n gent._n hist_o animal_n l._n 9_o c._n 47._o especial_o when_o we_o find_v the_o like_a even_o in_o some_o brute_n beast_n for_o so_o among_o other_o arnobius_n testify_v where_o speak_v of_o the_o horror_n of_o such_o unnatural_a coition_n he_o say_v quem_fw-la non_fw-la hominibus_fw-la solis_fw-la sed_fw-la animalibus_fw-la quoque_fw-la nonnullis_fw-la natura_fw-la ipsa_fw-la subjecit_fw-la &_o ingeneratus_fw-la ille_fw-la communiter_fw-la sensus_fw-la which_o nature_n and_o common_a sense_n have_v instill_v not_o into_o man_n only_o but_o into_o some_o beast_n aristotle_n record_v a_o notable_a experiment_n of_o this_o in_o a_o camel_n who_o can_v not_o be_v induce_v to_o cover_v his_o own_o dam_n until_o his_o keeper_n have_v cover_v her_o head_n over_o with_o a_o hood_n and_o so_o deceive_v he_o but_o the_o hood_n fall_v off_o while_o he_o be_v upon_o she_o though_o he_o do_v the_o act_n yet_o remember_v what_o he_o have_v do_v present_o after_o so_o tear_v his_o keeper_n that_o he_o kill_v he_o the_o like_a he_o relate_v of_o a_o generous_a colt_n in_o scythia_n which_o refuse_v to_o cover_v his_o dam_n but_o be_v in_o like_a manner_n deceive_v break_v his_o own_o neck_n for_o very_a horror_n of_o the_o fact_n 42._o nat._n hist_o lib._n 8._o c._n 42._o the_o like_a story_n we_o read_v in_o pliny_n of_o a_o horse_n that_o for_o the_o same_o cause_n kill_v himself_o and_o of_o a_o mare_n that_o be_v likewise_o delude_v worry_v her_o keeper_n to_o death_n for_o say_v the_o historian_n these_o beast_n be_v not_o without_o some_o knowledge_n of_o their_o own_o kindred_n not_o much_o unlike_a unto_o this_o be_v that_o of_o oppianus_n in_o his_o first_o book_n of_o hunt_v and_o of_o varro_n in_o his_o second_o book_n and_o seven_o chapter_n de_fw-fr re_fw-mi rustica_fw-la and_o to_o the_o like_a purpose_n be_v that_o of_o seneca_n in_o his_o hippolytus_n ferae_fw-la quoque_fw-la ipsae_fw-la veneris_fw-la evitant_fw-la nefas_fw-la generisque_fw-la leges_fw-la inscius_fw-la seruat_fw-la pudor_fw-la even_o beast_n themselves_o do_v from_o their_o dam_n refrain_v and_o teach_v by_o nature_n chaste_a law_n maintain_v xiii_o the_o degree_n of_o affinity_n and_o consanguinity_n forbid_v another_o question_n arise_v here_o concern_v the_o degree_n of_o affinity_n and_o consanguinity_n in_o the_o cross_a line_n especial_o of_o those_o mention_v leu._n 18._o for_o though_o we_o shall_v grant_v that_o they_o be_v not_o interdict_v by_o the_o mere_a law_n of_o nature_n yet_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o they_o be_v forbid_v by_o the_o express_a will_n of_o god_n and_o that_o not_o only_o to_o the_o hebrew_n but_o to_o all_o mankind_n as_o may_v be_v collect_v from_o the_o very_a word_n of_o god_n himself_o to_o moses_n defile_v not_o yourselves_o in_o any_o of_o these_o thing_n for_o in_o all_o these_o thing_n the_o nation_n be_v defile_v noah_n leu._n 18.24_o 25_o 27._o incestuous_a marriage_n forbid_v by_o god_n to_o adam_n or_o noah_n which_o i_o cast_v out_o before_o you_o and_o the_o land_n be_v defile_v therefore_o do_v i_o visit_v the_o iniquity_n thereof_o upon_o it_o and_o the_o land_n itself_o spew_v â—ut_v her_o inhabitant_n noah_n incestuous_a marriage_n forbid_v by_o god_n to_o adam_n or_o noah_n for_o if_o the_o canaanite_n and_o their_o neighbour_n do_v sin_n in_o all_o these_o thing_n and_o be_v punish_v for_o so_o do_v certain_o they_o have_v a_o law_n give_v they_o which_o forbid_v the_o do_v of_o they_o which_o law_n since_o it_o be_v not_o mere_o natural_a must_v needs_o be_v give_v by_o god_n either_o peculiarly_a to_o they_o which_o be_v not_o very_o probable_a nor_o will_v the_o word_n bear_v that_o sense_n or_o to_o all_o mankind_n either_o at_o the_o creation_n to_o adam_n or_o after_o the_o flood_n to_o noah_n now_o such_o law_n as_o be_v give_v to_o all_o mankind_n christ_n do_v not_o wâ—ere_o abrogate_v but_o those_o only_a which_o as_o a_o hedge_n or_o partition_n wall_n do_v separate_v that_o nation_n from_o all_o other_o beside_o 7.25_o eph._n 2.14_o 1_o cor._n 7.25_o when_o st._n paul_n do_v so_o severe_o censure_v the_o corinthian_a for_o marry_v his_o mother-in-law_n as_o he_o have_v no_o peculiar_a command_n from_o christ_n so_o to_o do_v so_o he_o use_v no_o other_o argument_n to_o justify_v his_o severity_n than_o this_o that_o it_o be_v repute_v unclean_a even_o among_o the_o profane_a gentile_n witness_v carondas_n his_o law_n which_o brand_v such_o marriage_n with_o infamy_n and_o that_o of_o cicero_n in_o a_o case_n not_o much_o different_a from_o that_o of_o the_o corinthian_a cluentio_n pro_fw-la a_o cluentio_n for_o have_v first_o lay_v open_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n and_o prove_v the_o marriage_n of_o the_o mother-in-law_n with_o her_o son-in-law_n in_o detestation_n of_o so_o foul_a a_o crime_n he_o cry_v out_o o_o mulieris_fw-la incredibile_fw-la scelus_fw-la &_o praeter_fw-la hanc_fw-la unam_fw-la in_fw-la omni_fw-la vita_fw-la inauditum_fw-la o_o the_o incredible_a wickedness_n of_o a_o woman_n and_o but_o in_o this_o never_o hear_v of_o when_o king_n seleucus_n have_v a_o mind_n to_o give_v his_o wife_n stratonice_n to_o his_o son_n antiochus_n verebatur_fw-la ne_fw-la ipsa_fw-la offenderetur_fw-la ut_fw-la re_fw-la illicita_fw-la he_o be_v afraid_a say_v plutarch_n lest_o she_o shall_v take_v offence_n at_o it_o as_o a_o thing_n unlawful_a for_o so_o it_o be_v in_o virgil_n account_n thalamos_fw-la ausum_fw-la incestare_fw-la novercae_fw-la his_o father_n bed_n with_o incest_n dare_v pollute_v which_o general_a detestation_n of_o these_o incestuous_a marriage_n if_o it_o derive_v not_o its_o origine_fw-la from_o a_o immediate_a dictate_v of_o nature_n it_o must_v necessary_o descend_v by_o ancient_a tradition_n from_o some_o precept_n give_v by_o god_n to_o adam_n or_o noah_n the_o ancient_a hebrew_n who_o herein_o be_v no_o mean_a interpreter_n of_o the_o divine_a law_n and_o maimonides_n who_o have_v read_v and_o with_o sound_a judgement_n weigh_v all_o they_o write_v do_v assign_v two_o cause_n of_o those_o law_n concern_v marriage_n mention_v leu._n 18._o the_o first_o be_v law_n the_o hebrew_n assign_v two_o reason_n of_o those_o law_n a_o certain_a natural_a modesty_n which_o will_v not_o endure_v that_o parent_n shall_v mix_v with_o their_o own_o issue_n either_o by_o themselves_o or_o by_o such_o person_n as_o either_o in_o blood_n or_o alliance_n be_v near_o unto_o they_o the_o second_o be_v for_o prevention_n of_o fornication_n and_o adultery_n which_o too_o much_o familiarity_n and_o daily_a conversation_n without_o any_o watchful_a eye_n to_o restrain_v they_o may_v occasion_n especial_o if_o such_o wanton_a dalliance_n may_v be_v make_v good_a by_o lawful_a marriage_n now_o if_o we_o will_v judicious_o adapt_v these_o two_o cause_n unto_o those_o divine_a law_n beforementioned_a leu._n 18._o it_o will_v easy_o appear_v that_o in_o those_o that_o be_v ally_v in_o the_o right_a line_n either_o ascendent_n or_o descendent_a for_o we_o do_v not_o here_o mention_v that_o of_o parent_n with_o their_o child_n which_o natural_a reason_n without_o any_o other_o law_n teach_v we_o to_o abhor_v and_o in_o those_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o the_o oblique_a line_n which_o because_o of_o its_o immediate_a descent_n from_o the_o common_a stock_n be_v usual_o account_v the_o second_o degree_n by_o reason_n of_o that_o fresh_a and_o lively_a image_n of_o the_o parent_n in_o the_o child_n the_o former_a of_o the_o two_o cause_n abovementioned_a be_v
altogether_o discharge_v of_o the_o duty_n incumbent_a on_o he_o as_o a_o father_n nature_n itself_o will_v not_o admit_v of_o such_o a_o alienation_n but_o yet_o he_o may_v commit_v his_o son_n to_o another_o man_n to_o be_v feed_v and_o educate_v by_o way_n of_o substitution_n xxvii_o what_o power_n lord_n have_v over_o their_o slave_n the_o most_o ignoble_a of_o all_o subjection_n be_v that_o whereby_o a_o man_n give_v himself_o up_o to_o perfect_a slavery_n such_o be_v they_o among_o the_o german_n of_o who_o tacitus_n speak_v that_o sell_v themselves_o for_o food_n and_o raiment_n and_o of_o such_o there_o be_v great_a number_n among_o the_o grecian_n who_o as_o dion_n prusaeensis_n note_v of_o freeman_n become_v slave_n and_o perform_v their_o service_n according_a to_o article_n of_o agreement_n now_o that_o we_o call_v perfect_a bondage_n which_o tie_v a_o man_n during_o life_n to_o perform_v all_o manner_n of_o work_n for_o no_o other_o reward_n but_o food_n and_o clothing_n which_o if_o it_o extend_v itself_o to_o whatsoever_o conduce_v to_o the_o preservation_n of_o nature_n be_v not_o much_o to_o be_v grieve_v at_o for_o our_o continual_a labour_n be_v indifferent_o well_o recompense_v with_o a_o constant_a supply_n of_o thing_n necessary_a for_o life_n which_o they_o that_o hire_v out_o themselves_o by_o the_o day_n only_o do_v often_o want_v this_o the_o stoic_a possidonius_fw-la observe_v out_o of_o history_n that_o many_o in_o ancient_a time_n conscious_a of_o their_o own_o weakness_n to_o maintain_v themselves_o voluntary_o submit_v themselves_o to_o be_v command_v by_o other_o constant_o perform_v what_o they_o be_v able_a and_o receive_v from_o their_o lord_n whatsoever_o be_v necessary_a for_o they_o like_o he_o in_o plautus_n if_o i_o be_v free_a the_o charge_n be_v i_o but_o be_v bind_v that_o charge_n be_v thou_o xxviii_o whether_o this_o power_n extend_v to_o life_n and_o death_n no_o lord_n can_v have_v absolute_a power_n over_o the_o life_n and_o death_n of_o his_o slave_n if_o we_o respect_v internal_a justice_n for_o no_o man_n can_v take_v away_o the_o life_n of_o another_o and_o be_v guiltless_a unless_o it_o be_v for_o some_o capital_a crime_n commit_v and_o yet_o by_o the_o law_n of_o some_o nation_n he_o that_o shall_v kill_v his_o slave_n for_o what_o cause_n soever_o be_v indemnify_v as_o king_n be_v in_o all_o nation_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o vast_a and_o unlimited_a power_n for_o as_o seneca_n note_n if_o a_o servant_n dare_v not_o plead_v with_o his_o master_n for_o fear_n of_o suffer_v the_o worst_a of_o torment_n 22._o de_fw-fr benef_fw-fr lib._n 3._o c._n 22._o no_o more_o dare_v subject_n with_o their_o prince_n nor_o soldier_n with_o their_o general_n who_o have_v all_o of_o they_o equal_a right_n though_o under_o unequal_a title_n no_o master_n then_o have_v a_o just_a power_n to_o injure_v his_o slave_n but_o only_o as_o that_o be_v sometime_o improper_o call_v just_o which_o be_v do_v be_v not_o punishable_a such_o a_o right_o do_v solon_n give_v to_o parent_n over_o their_o own_o child_n and_o so_o do_v the_o ancient_a roman_a law_n witness_v that_o of_o sopater_n it_o be_v lawful_a for_o he_o be_v a_o father_n to_o kill_v his_o own_o child_n if_o they_o offend_v for_o the_o law_n presume_v upon_o the_o father_n integrity_n have_v permit_v such_o a_o right_n unto_o he_o the_o like_a power_n say_v dion_z we_o find_v permit_v in_o many_o nation_n famous_a for_o wise_a and_o wholesome_a law_n xxix_o of_o the_o child_n of_o slave_n that_o be_v bear_v and_o breed_v in_o their_o master_n family_n slave_n vide_fw-la infra_fw-la ch._n 8._o §._o 18._o pliny_n l._n 10._o c._n 34._o de_fw-la columbis_fw-la lex_fw-la visigothica_n the_o sclavonian_a law_n judge_v the_o child_n by_o the_o father_n the_o law_n of_o england_n littleton_n de_fw-fr villanagio_n the_o roman_a law_n what_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v in_o this_o case_n if_o the_o parent_n can_v maintain_v the_o child_n but_o at_o the_o lord_n charge_v the_o child_n be_v a_o slave_n but_o of_o the_o child_n of_o captive_n which_o be_v bear_v of_o slave_n in_o their_o lord_n family_n there_o be_v yet_o a_o more_o difficult_a question_n for_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o of_o other_o nation_n concern_v captive_n as_o we_o shall_v elsewhere_o show_v as_o of_o brute_n beast_n so_o of_o people_n of_o a_o servile_a condition_n it_o hold_v true_a that_o partus_fw-la sequitur_fw-la ventrem_fw-la as_o be_v the_o mother_n so_o be_v the_o child_n but_o this_o notwithstanding_o be_v not_o altogether_o congruous_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n especial_o where_o the_o father_n of_o the_o child_n may_v be_v sufficient_o know_v for_o since_o even_o among_o dumb_a creature_n as_o pliny_n observe_v of_o dove_n amor_fw-la utrique_fw-la sobolis_fw-la aequalis_fw-la both_o parent_n be_v equal_o concern_v for_o their_o own_o young_a thereby_o acknowledge_v their_o common_a interest_n in_o they_o so_o also_o have_v not_o the_o civil_a law_n otherwise_o determine_v the_o child_n have_v follow_v the_o condition_n of_o the_o father_n no_o less_o than_o that_o of_o the_o mother_n for_o if_o the_o son_n say_v the_o visigothick_n law_n be_v bear_v and_o create_v by_o both_o parent_n why_o shall_v he_o follow_v the_o condition_n of_o the_o mother_n only_o who_o without_o the_o father_n can_v not_o beget_v he_o among_o the_o sclavonian_n as_o also_o in_o some_o part_n of_o italy_n among_o the_o lombard_n and_o saxon_n the_o child_n be_v account_v either_o bond_n or_o free_a from_o their_o father_n the_o law_n of_o england_n judge_n of_o the_o child_n not_o by_o the_o mother_n but_o by_o the_o father_n for_o the_o husband_n and_o wife_n be_v but_o one_o person_n in_o our_o law_n and_o the_o wife_n marry_v a_o freeman_n by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n the_o issue_n be_v free_a which_o law_n though_o different_a from_o the_o roman_a civil_a law_n yet_o as_o aquinus_n note_n do_v not_o much_o deviate_v from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o why_o not_o since_o among_o the_o roman_n by_o their_o mensian_a law_n if_o both_o the_o parent_n be_v alien_n the_o child_n bear_v of_o they_o be_v so_o too_o as_o ulpian_n tell_v we_o now_o let_v we_o admit_v that_o both_o the_o parent_n be_v slave_n it_o be_v worth_a our_o pain_n to_o know_v whether_o natural_o the_o child_n be_v so_o or_o not_o and_o certain_o if_o the_o parent_n have_v no_o other_o mean_n to_o breed_v up_o the_o child_n but_o in_o their_o lord_n family_n or_o at_o his_o charge_n they_o have_v a_o power_n to_o deliver_v he_o up_o to_o the_o lord_n for_o a_o slave_n for_o although_o the_o child_n be_v ingenuous_a and_o freeborn_a yet_o in_o such_o a_o case_n they_o have_v power_n by_o the_o law_n to_o sell_v he_o and_o in_o case_n the_o parent_n be_v servant_n to_o several_a master_n then_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n the_o child_n be_v to_o be_v divide_v between_o their_o respective_a lord_n but_o if_o they_o have_v but_o one_o child_n then_o of_o right_n it_o belong_v to_o he_o who_o slave_n the_o father_n be_v the_o lord_n of_o the_o mother_n be_v first_o satisfy_v for_o his_o half_a part_n and_o yet_o of_o the_o child_n of_o he_o that_o be_v bear_v in_o the_o house_n of_o his_o lord_n two_o part_n do_v accrue_v to_o his_o lord_n and_o but_o one_o to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o mother_n according_a to_o the_o edict_n of_o theodoric_n not_o otherwise_o not_o as_o cassiodore_n record_v now_o whereas_o i_o say_v before_o that_o the_o parent_n if_o they_o have_v not_o any_o mean_n to_o breed_v up_o their_o child_n but_o at_o the_o charge_n of_o their_o lord_n may_v deliver_v they_o up_o unto_o he_o as_o his_o slave_n it_o may_v seem_v that_o this_o power_n do_v natural_o arise_v from_o their_o supply_v they_o with_o food_n and_o other_o necessary_n and_o therefore_o where_o there_o be_v no_o such_o necessity_n as_o where_o there_o be_v other_o mean_n to_o breed_v they_o they_o have_v no_o right_a to_o sell_v they_o and_o so_o it_o be_v adjudge_v by_o charles_n the_o bald_a wherefore_o the_o right_a that_o these_o lord_n have_v in_o the_o child_n of_o their_o bond-servant_n spring_n from_o the_o many_o year_n alimony_n that_o be_v give_v they_o by_o the_o lord_n before_o they_o can_v be_v serviceable_a to_o he_o which_o they_o be_v to_o recompense_v by_o their_o future_a labour_n and_o for_o this_o cause_n the_o parent_n can_v dispose_v of_o they_o to_o any_o other_o man_n neither_o may_v the_o servant_n flee_v from_o his_o lord_n until_o full_a satisfaction_n be_v give_v unto_o that_o lord_n for_o the_o charge_n of_o their_o education_n but_o if_o the_o lord_n be_v too_o unmerciful_o cruel_a then_o that_o even_o they_o who_o have_v surrender_v themselves_o as_o slave_n may_v provide_v for_o their_o
principal_o rely_v for_o in_o persia_n that_o xerxes_n the_o postnate_a son_n be_v prefer_v before_o artabazanes_n the_o antenate_n be_v more_o by_o the_o power_n of_o atossa_n his_o mother_n than_o by_o true_a right_n as_o herodotus_n observe_v for_o in_o the_o same_o kingdom_n when_o the_o same_o controversy_n afterward_o arise_v between_o artaxerxes_n mnemon_n and_o cyrus_n the_o son_n of_o darius_n and_o parisardis_n artaxerxes_n the_o first-born_a though_o beget_v by_o his_o father_n in_o his_o private_a condition_n be_v notwithstanding_o salute_v king_n unless_o we_o take_v that_o as_o grant_v which_o ammianus_n have_v deliver_v unto_o we_o that_o the_o succession_n to_o that_o monarchy_n do_v much_o depend_v upon_o the_o suffrage_n of_o the_o people_n confine_v only_o within_o the_o royal_a stock_n xxx_o whether_o the_o nephew_n by_o the_o elder_a son_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o young_a son_n it_o be_v no_o less_o dispute_v both_o by_o war_n and_o single_a combat_n whether_o the_o elder_a brother_n son_n his_o father_n be_v dead_a shall_v succeed_v before_o the_o second_o brother_n but_o this_o in_o a_o lineal_a descent_n will_v hardly_o admit_v of_o a_o dispute_n for_o herein_o be_v the_o dead_a reckon_v as_o live_v in_o that_o they_o be_v able_a to_o transfer_v a_o right_n to_o their_o child_n therefore_o the_o son_n of_o the_o decease_a shall_v doubtless_o in_o such_o a_o succession_n be_v prefer_v without_o any_o exception_n make_v to_o his_o age_n yea_o and_o where_o the_o succession_n be_v cognatical_a the_o daughter_n of_o the_o elder_a brother_n shall_v be_v prefer_v before_o the_o uncle_n because_o in_o such_o succession_n neither_o sex_n nor_o age_n shall_v make_v we_o to_o decline_v the_o right_a line_n but_o in_o such_o kingdom_n as_o be_v hereditary_a yet_o divisible_a there_o shall_v each_o have_v a_o share_n unless_o it_o be_v where_o the_o right_a of_o representation_n be_v not_o as_o yet_o receive_v as_o of_o old_a among_o many_o of_o the_o german_a prince_n for_o it_o be_v but_o of_o late_a that_o nephew_n have_v be_v admit_v before_o their_o uncle_n but_o where_o it_o once_o come_v into_o debate_n sure_o the_o nephew_n case_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v as_o be_v most_o please_v to_o humane_a nature_n and_o where_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n of_o any_o nation_n representative_a succession_n be_v once_o open_o admit_v there_o the_o son_n of_o the_o decease_a brother_n shall_v succeed_v in_o the_o room_n of_o his_o father_n though_o in_o that_o law_n the_o word_n proximus_n that_o be_v next_o of_o kin_n be_v only_o mention_v the_o reason_n that_o be_v extract_v out_o of_o the_o roman_a law_n for_o this_o be_v but_o weak_a as_o be_v evident_a to_o such_o as_o inspect_v they_o but_o this_o be_v the_o best_a reason_n that_o in_o matter_n that_o be_v to_o be_v favourable_o understand_v the_o sense_n of_o word_n must_v be_v extend_v to_o all_o propriety_n not_o only_o vulgar_a but_o artificial_a so_o that_o under_o the_o name_n of_o son_n may_v be_v comprehend_v those_o of_o adoption_n and_o under_o the_o word_n dead_a may_v in_o include_v those_o that_o be_v dead_a in_o law_n because_o the_o law_n do_v usual_o speak_v thus_o and_o thus_o he_o may_v deserve_o be_v say_v to_o be_v proximus_n who_o the_o law_n present_v in_o the_o next_o degree_n but_o yet_o in_o kingdom_n that_o be_v hereditary_a and_o withal_o individual_a and_o where_o this_o representative_a succession_n be_v not_o exclude_v neither_o be_v the_o nephew_n always_o prefer_v to_o the_o succession_n nor_o always_o the_o second_o son_n but_o as_o among_o equal_n because_o by_o a_o effect_n of_o right_n as_o to_o degree_n that_o be_v adequate_a his_o case_n be_v best_a that_o be_v elder_a 6._o diod._n l._n 6._o for_o as_o we_o have_v say_v before_o in_o hereditary_a kingdom_n succession_n be_v guide_v by_o the_o privilege_n of_o age_n among_o the_o corinthian_n the_o elder_a son_n of_o the_o decease_a king_n do_v succeed_v in_o his_o father_n throne_n 3._o procop._n vand._n lib._n 3._o so_o among_o the_o vandal_n it_o be_v provide_v that_o the_o next_o in_o blood_n to_o the_o first_o king_n and_o the_o elder_a shall_v be_v declare_v heir_n so_o that_o the_o second_o son_n because_o of_o his_o maturity_n of_o year_n be_v prefer_v before_o the_o son_n of_o the_o elder_a brother_n 24._o vid._n sup_v §._o 24._o so_o in_o sicily_n robert_n be_v the_o second_o son_n be_v advance_v to_o the_o throne_n before_o martell_n his_o elder_a brother_n son_n not_o proper_o for_o the_o reason_n fancy_v by_o bartolus_n because_o sicily_n be_v hold_v in_o fee_n as_o it_o be_v by_o a_o superior_a lord_n but_o because_o that_o kingdom_n be_v hereditary_a there_o be_v in_o guntanus_n a_o ancient_a example_n of_o such_o a_o succession_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o franc_n but_o that_o proceed_v rather_o from_o the_o people_n choice_n which_o at_o that_o time_n do_v not_o full_o cease_v but_o since_o that_o kingdom_n cease_v to_o be_v elective_a and_o that_o the_o line_n of_o agnatical_a succession_n be_v there_o establish_v the_o matter_n admit_v of_o no_o dispute_n as_o ancient_o among_o the_o spartan_n where_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o kingdom_n come_v to_o the_o heraclidae_fw-la the_o same_o agnatical_a succession_n be_v introduce_v and_o therefore_o areus_n the_o son_n of_o the_o elder_a brother_n cleonymus_n be_v prefer_v to_o the_o crown_n before_o his_o uncle_n but_o even_o in_o a_o lineal_a cognatical_a succession_n the_o nephew_n have_v be_v prefer_v as_o in_o england_n john_n the_o nephew_n of_o king_n edward_n by_o his_o elder_a son_n be_v prefer_v before_o hemon_n and_o thomas_n which_o also_o be_v settle_v by_o law_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o castille_n xxxi_o whether_o the_o young_a brother_n live_v be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o king_n elder_a brother_n son_n by_o the_o same_o distinction_n we_o may_v resolve_v another_o doubt_n between_o the_o survive_a brother_n to_o the_o last_o king_n and_o the_o son_n of_o the_o elder_a brother_n but_o that_o we_o must_v know_v that_o in_o many_o place_n where_o among_o child_n the_o live_a may_v succeed_v in_o the_o room_n of_o the_o dead_a in_o the_o right_a line_n they_o be_v not_o permit_v so_o to_o do_v in_o the_o transverse_n but_o where_o the_o right_o be_v not_o clear_a and_o undoubted_a it_o be_v most_o rational_a to_o incline_v to_o that_o part_n which_o favour_v the_o child_n in_o the_o right_n of_o his_o father_n because_o we_o be_v thereunto_o guide_v by_o natural_a equity_n namely_o in_o that_o estate_n which_o descend_v from_o his_o ancestor_n neither_o be_v it_o any_o impediment_n that_o justinian_n call_v the_o right_a of_o brother_n child_n depredatory_a for_o this_o he_o do_v in_o relation_n to_o the_o ancient_a roman_a law_n but_o not_o to_o natural_a equity_n let_v we_o now_o proceed_v to_o examine_v the_o other_o case_n propose_v by_o emanuel_n costa_n xxxii_o whether_o the_o son_n of_o the_o brother_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o king_n uncle_n the_o son_n of_o the_o decease_a brother_n or_o even_o his_o daughter_n he_o say_v be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o king_n uncle_n this_o be_v true_a not_o in_o a_o lineal_a succession_n only_o but_o even_o in_o a_o hereditary_a in_o such_o kingdom_n where_o representative_a succession_n take_v place_n but_o not_o in_o such_o kingdom_n which_o in_o express_a term_n do_v bind_v we_o up_o to_o the_o degree_n that_o be_v natural_a for_o there_o they_o be_v to_o be_v prefer_v which_o have_v the_o precedency_n of_o sex_n and_o age._n xxxiii_o the_o nephew_n by_o the_o son_n prefer_v before_o the_o daughter_n he_o further_o add_v that_o the_o nephew_n from_o the_o son_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o daughter_n it_o be_v true_a by_o reason_n of_o his_o sex_n yet_o with_o this_o exception_n unless_o it_o be_v in_o such_o a_o nation_n which_o even_o among_o child_n respect_v only_o the_o degree_n xxxiv_o the_o young_a nephew_n from_o the_o son_n before_o the_o elder_a from_o the_o daughter_n he_o far_o add_v that_o the_o young_a nephew_n from_o the_o son_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o elder_n from_o the_o daughter_n which_o be_v likewise_o true_a where_o a_o lineal_a cognatical_a succession_n be_v in_o use_n but_o not_o in_o a_o hereditary_a without_o the_o warrant_n of_o some_o special_a law_n neither_o do_v we_o approve_v of_o the_o reason_n allege_v namely_o because_o the_o father_n of_o the_o one_o be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o mother_n of_o the_o other_o for_o that_o be_v by_o reason_n of_o his_o dignity_n which_o be_v mere_o personal_a and_o descend_v no_o far_o and_o yet_o on_o the_o contrary_a we_o read_v that_o ferdinando_n the_o son_n of_o berengaria_n the_o young_a sister_n of_o king_n henry_n decease_v be_v prefer_v to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o castille_n
warren_n have_v a_o owner_n but_o range_v in_o wood_n hedge_v about_o not_o as_o though_o fish_n enclose_v in_o a_o great_a pond_n can_v not_o be_v as_o well_o own_v as_o in_o a_o lesser_a and_o deer_n and_o coney_n as_o well_o possess_v in_o a_o well_o fence_v wood_n as_o in_o a_o park_n or_o warren_n see_v that_o there_o be_v no_o more_o difference_n between_o they_o than_o that_o in_o the_o one_o they_o be_v close_a prisoner_n and_o in_o the_o other_o prisoner_n at_o large_a wherefore_o in_o this_o age_n of_o we_o the_o contrary_a opinion_n be_v most_o prevalent_a that_o both_o deer_n in_o private_a wood_n and_o fish_n enclose_v in_o lake_n may_v be_v as_o possess_v so_o also_o hold_v in_o propriety_n iii_o that_o outly_a deer_n cease_v not_o be_v the_o owner_n can_v they_o be_v know_v in_o wild_a beast_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o recover_v their_o natural_a liberty_n we_o lose_v our_o property_n say_v the_o roman_a lawyer_n but_o in_o all_o other_o thing_n the_o dominion_n that_o be_v get_v by_o possession_n be_v not_o lose_v with_o the_o loss_n of_o possession_n nay_o it_o give_v we_o also_o a_o right_a to_o recover_v our_o possession_n and_o whether_o it_o be_v take_v away_o from_o we_o by_o another_o or_o stray_v away_o of_o itself_o as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o a_o fugitive_n servant_n it_o matter_n not_o much_o the_o title_n we_o may_v retain_v though_o the_o possession_n be_v lose_v wherefore_o it_o seem_v more_o agreeable_a to_o truth_n that_o our_o property_n be_v not_o lose_v mere_o because_o the_o beast_n that_o be_v wild_a have_v escape_v our_o custody_n but_o because_o it_o may_v probable_o be_v conjecture_v that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o difficulty_n of_o recover_v they_o we_o have_v utter_o desert_v they_o especial_o when_o it_o can_v be_v know_v unto_o other_o that_o they_o be_v we_o but_o this_o conjecture_n may_v easy_o be_v wipe_v away_o by_o other_o conjecture_n as_o namely_o by_o affix_v unto_o they_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d some_o thing_n whereby_o it_o may_v be_v know_v who_o they_o be_v as_o be_v usual_o do_v to_o heart_n hawk_n and_o the_o like_a to_o acquire_v a_o full_a dominion_n in_o thing_n natural_o wild_a it_o be_v necessary_a that_o we_o shall_v have_v a_o corporal_a possession_n it_o be_v not_o enough_o to_o entitle_v ourselves_o to_o a_o deer_n that_o we_o have_v wound_v he_o but_o we_o must_v catch_v he_o too_o lest_o the_o proverb_n upbraid_v we_o with_o folly_n in_o start_v a_o hare_n for_o another_o to_o eat_v according_a to_o that_o of_o ovid_n et_fw-la lepus_fw-la hic_fw-la aliis_fw-la exagitatus_fw-la erit_fw-la by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o lumbards_n he_o that_o kill_v a_o wild_a beast_n be_v first_o wound_v by_o another_o may_v take_v away_o the_o shoulder_n with_o the_o rib_n the_o rest_n belong_v to_o he_o that_o wound_v he_o if_o he_o claim_v it_o within_o twenty_o four_o hour_n otherwise_o not_o for_o as_o ovid_n well_o observe_v it_o be_v one_o thing_n to_o know_v where_o a_o thing_n be_v and_o another_o to_o find_v it_o 5._o met._n 5._o iv_o possession_n how_o get_v by_o instrument_n as_o net_n etc._n etc._n now_o this_o possession_n may_v be_v gain_v either_o by_o hand_n only_o or_o by_o engine_n as_o by_o trap_n net_n snare_n begin_v etc._n etc._n provide_v first_o that_o those_o instrument_n be_v under_o our_o own_o power_n and_o second_o that_o the_o beast_n so_o take_v can_v escape_v and_o thus_o be_v the_o question_n decide_v concern_v a_o wild_a boar_n that_o be_v fall_v into_o a_o snare_n or_o toil_n v._o that_o wild_a beast_n shall_v be_v the_o king_n be_v not_o against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n these_o thing_n be_v thus_o to_o be_v understand_v where_o no_o civil_a law_n intervene_v wherefore_o our_o modern_a lawyer_n be_v much_o mistake_v who_o think_v these_o right_n to_o be_v so_o natural_a that_o they_o can_v be_v change_v for_o they_o be_v not_o simple_o or_o absolute_o so_o but_o as_o thing_n at_o that_o time_n be_v before_o the_o civil_a law_n do_v otherwise_o determine_v of_o they_o the_o people_n of_o germany_n consult_v about_o some_o allowance_n to_o be_v give_v to_o their_o king_n and_o prince_n whereby_o to_o support_v their_o regal_a dignity_n think_v it_o prudence_n to_o begin_v with_o such_o thing_n as_o no_o private_a man_n can_v claim_v as_o his_o own_o which_o prudential_a course_n the_o egyptian_n also_o ancient_o take_v where_o the_o king_n attorney_n seize_v on_o all_o such_o thing_n to_o his_o master_n use_n but_o the_o law_n of_o itself_o be_v sufficient_a to_o transfer_v a_o propriety_n in_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v not_o already_o occupy_v the_o whale_n that_o be_v cast_v upon_o the_o shoar_n the_o portugal_n give_v unto_o their_o king_n vi_o possession_n of_o thing_n not_o own_v how_o gain_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o wild_a beast_n be_v possess_v be_v all_o other_o thing_n that_o have_v no_o owner_n for_o nature_n do_v indifferent_o adjudge_v all_o such_o thing_n to_o the_o first_o finder_n and_o possessor_n of_o they_o thus_o be_v the_o island_n acanthos_n 29._o acanthos_n plut._n graec._n qu._n 29._o be_v desert_n adjudge_v to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o chalcis_n who_o first_o enter_v upon_o it_o and_o not_o unto_o the_o andrian_o who_o have_v first_o throw_v their_o dart_n into_o it_o because_o possession_n be_v take_v either_o by_o the_o apprehend_n of_o a_o thing_n if_o movable_a most_o by_o the_o hand_n or_o if_o immovable_a as_o of_o land_n by_o set_v our_o foot_n upon_o it_o for_o as_o the_o poet_n tell_v we_o scire_fw-la ubi_fw-la res_fw-la est_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la invenire_fw-la it_o be_v not_o enough_o to_o know_v where_o a_o thing_n be_v unless_o we_o can_v find_v it_o vii_o money_n find_v who_o it_o be_v among_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d without_o a_o owner_n be_v treasure_n reckon_v that_o be_v money_n the_o owner_n whereof_o be_v unknown_a for_o thing_n that_o appear_v not_o be_v as_o if_o they_o be_v not_o wherefore_o such_o treasure_n be_v natural_o his_o that_o find_v and_o apprehend_v they_o yet_o not_o so_o but_o that_o law_n and_o custom_n may_v dispose_v otherwise_o of_o they_o plato_n will_v have_v the_o finder_n to_o give_v notice_n thereof_o to_o the_o magistrate_n 15._o philostr_n d._n 15._o or_o to_o take_v advice_n of_o a_o oracle_n apollonius_n look_v at_o such_o treasure_n as_o be_v a_o especial_a gift_n of_o god_n and_o adjudge_v it_o to_o he_o that_o be_v best_a belove_v of_o he_o lex_fw-la bibliorum_fw-la lex_fw-la it_o be_v scripture_n law_n quod_fw-la non_fw-la posuisti_fw-la ne_fw-la tollas_fw-la take_v not_o away_o what_o thou_o do_v not_o lay_v down_o the_o hebrew_n give_v such_o treasure_n to_o he_o that_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o ground_n wherein_o it_o be_v find_v as_o may_v be_v collect_v from_o that_o parable_n of_o our_o saviour_n concern_v treasure_n hide_v in_o the_o ground_n which_o be_v find_v he_o that_o find_v it_o sell_v all_o he_o have_v and_o buy_v the_o field_n mat._n 13.44_o so_o do_v the_o syrian_n as_o may_v be_v gather_v out_o of_o philostratus_n and_o it_o seem_v that_o in_o plautus_n his_o time_n this_o be_v approve_v of_o by_o the_o roman_n the_o law_n of_o the_o empire_n do_v much_o vary_v about_o this_o as_o may_v appear_v partly_o by_o their_o constitution_n 16._o annal_n l._n 16._o and_o partly_o by_o the_o history_n of_o lampridius_n zonoras_n cedrenus_n and_o tacitus_n who_o write_v of_o the_o great_a treasure_n find_v in_o africa_n say_v which_o nero_n in_o his_o hope_n devour_v the_o german_n give_v such_o as_o also_o they_o do_v all_o other_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o their_o prince_n which_o be_v now_o so_o common_a every_o where_n that_o it_o may_v well_o pass_v for_o one_o of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n for_o it_o be_v this_o day_n observe_v in_o germany_n france_n england_n spain_n and_o denmark_n but_o this_o very_a same_o custom_n we_o read_v of_o among_o the_o goth_n 34._o lib._n 4._o c._n 34._o witness_n king_n theuderick_n in_o cassiodore_n non_fw-la est_fw-la cupiditas_fw-la eripere_fw-la quae_fw-la nullus_fw-la se_fw-la dominus_fw-la ingemescat_fw-la amisisse_fw-la it_o can_v be_v impute_v as_o covetousness_n to_o take_v that_o which_o no_o man_n have_v just_a reason_n to_o complain_v for_o the_o loss_n of_o and_o in_o another_o place_n those_o riches_n which_o have_v lie_v so_o long_o hide_v have_v lose_v their_o master_n by_o thy_o diligent_a inquisition_n be_v now_o we_o for_o since_o we_o permit_v every_o man_n free_o to_o enjoy_v his_o own_o king_n what_o be_v no_o man_n be_v the_o king_n what_o be_v no_o man_n aught_o to_o be_v we_o he_o may_v well_o be_v content_a to_o lose_v what_o he_o have_v find_v who_o know_v that_o in_o so_o do_v he_o lose_v nothing_o that_o be_v his_o
void_a now_o these_o thing_n do_v natural_o attend_v any_o oath_n whereby_o we_o may_v easy_o judge_v of_o the_o oath_n of_o king_n and_o of_o foreigner_n one_o to_o the_o other_o when_o the_o act_n be_v not_o subject_a to_o the_o law_n or_o custom_n of_o the_o place_n xx._n how_o far_o the_o prince_n power_n prevail_v over_o his_o subject_n oath_n now_o let_v we_o see_v what_o power_n our_o superior_n namely_o king_n prince_n master_n and_o husband_n have_v in_o thing_n that_o concern_v they_o in_o their_o respective_a right_n over_o their_o several_a relation_n and_o first_o we_o must_v know_v that_o the_o act_n of_o our_o superior_n can_v make_v a_o oath_n that_o be_v true_o obligatory_a void_a so_o that_o it_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v fulfil_v for_o this_o will_v be_v repugnant_a both_o to_o natural_a and_o divine_a right_n but_o because_o all_o our_o action_n be_v not_o full_o in_o our_o own_o power_n but_o so_o as_o they_o have_v some_o dependence_n on_o our_o superior_n therefore_o we_o grant_v that_o our_o superior_n have_v a_o twofold_a power_n over_o we_o concern_v that_o which_o be_v swear_v the_o one_o direct_v upon_o the_o person_n swear_v the_o other_o upon_o the_o person_n to_o who_o he_o swear_v the_o act_n of_o our_o superior_n may_v restrain_v the_o person_n swear_v either_o before_o he_o swear_v make_v such_o a_o oath_n void_a so_o far_o as_o the_o right_n of_o a_o inferior_a be_v subject_a to_o the_o power_n of_o his_o superior_a or_o after_o he_o have_v swear_v by_o forbid_v the_o performance_n of_o it_o for_o a_o inferior_a as_o such_o can_v not_o bind_v himself_o without_o the_o approbation_n of_o his_o superior_a beyond_o which_o he_o have_v no_o power_n and_o after_o this_o manner_n by_o the_o jewish_a law_n the_o husband_n have_v power_n to_o null_a the_o vow_n of_o his_o wife_n so_o have_v the_o father_n the_o vow_n of_o his_o child_n so_o long_o as_o they_o be_v under_o the_o power_n of_o his_o government_n seneca_n start_v this_o question_n what_o if_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o law_n enact_v that_o no_o man_n shall_v do_v that_o which_o i_o have_v promise_v my_o friend_n to_o do_v for_o he_o which_o he_o thus_o resolve_v eadem_fw-la lex_fw-la i_o defendit_fw-la quae_fw-la vetat_fw-la the_o same_o law_n defend_v i_o that_o forbid_v i_o there_o be_v also_o some_o mix_a act_n between_o both_o as_o when_o the_o superior_a do_v appoint_v that_o his_o inferior_a shall_v bind_v himself_o by_o oath_n in_o this_o or_o that_o case_n namely_o through_o fear_n or_o want_v of_o judgement_n but_o with_o this_o limitation_n that_o the_o oath_n shall_v bind_v if_o his_o superior_a shall_v approve_v thereof_o and_o upon_o this_o foundation_n be_v build_v all_o dispensation_n and_o absolution_n from_o oath_n which_o prince_n in_o former_a time_n do_v exercise_n by_o themselves_o 35._o cap._n 35._o as_o suetonius_n testify_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o tiberius_n and_o vasquius_fw-la record_n to_o have_v be_v long_o use_v in_o spain_n which_o power_n they_o now_o remit_v that_o it_o may_v be_v with_o more_o piety_n execute_v unto_o the_o ecclesiastical_a jurisdiction_n ancient_o the_o power_n to_o absolve_v from_o oath_n in_o who_o ancient_o so_o the_o act_n of_o a_o superior_a may_v be_v direct_v against_o the_o person_n to_o who_o it_o be_v swear_v either_o by_o take_v away_o that_o right_n which_o by_o that_o oath_n he_o have_v gain_v or_o if_o as_o yet_o he_o have_v no_o right_a by_o forbid_v he_o from_o claim_v any_o right_n by_o virtue_n of_o that_o oath_n and_o this_o he_o may_v do_v two_o way_n either_o by_o way_n of_o punishment_n or_o for_o a_o more_o public_a good_a by_o virtue_n of_o his_o sovereign_a power_n and_o from_o hence_o we_o may_v learn_v what_o power_n prince_n have_v over_o their_o subject_n oath_n where_o he_o that_o swear_v and_o he_o to_o who_o it_o be_v swear_v be_v of_o several_a nation_n but_o he_o that_o upon_o his_o oath_n have_v promise_v any_o thing_n to_o a_o nocent_a person_n as_o to_o a_o thief_n or_o to_o a_o pirate_n as_o such_o can_v by_o way_n of_o punishment_n take_v away_o from_o he_o that_o right_o he_o have_v give_v he_o for_o then_o the_o word_n of_o his_o promise_n or_o of_o his_o oath_n shall_v have_v no_o effect_n at_o all_o which_o inconvenience_n be_v to_o be_v avoid_v for_o the_o like_a cause_n the_o right_a of_o that_o which_o be_v promise_v can_v be_v compensated_a with_o the_o right_n of_o that_o which_o be_v before_o controvert_v in_o case_n the_o agreement_n be_v make_v after_o that_o controversy_n begin_v yet_o may_v a_o humane_a law_n remove_v that_o impediment_n which_o it_o have_v put_v in_o act_n of_o some_o certain_a kind_n in_o case_n a_o oath_n either_o of_o what_o kind_n soever_o or_o in_o some_o certain_a form_n be_v add_v as_o the_o roman_a law_n have_v do_v in_o such_o impediment_n as_o respect_v not_o the_o public_a direct_o but_o the_o private_a benefit_n of_o he_o that_o swear_v which_o if_o it_o may_v be_v do_v the_o act_n swear_v shall_v stand_v in_o force_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o natural_o it_o will_v if_o such_o a_o humane_a law_n be_v not_o either_o in_o oblige_v hiâ—_n faith_n only_o or_o in_o give_v also_o a_o right_n to_o another_o according_a to_o the_o diverse_a nature_n of_o act_n which_o we_o have_v already_o elsewhere_o handle_v xxi_o what_o manner_n of_o oath_n christ_n forbid_v and_o here_o by_o the_o way_n we_o must_v observe_v that_o what_o be_v say_v in_o the_o precept_n of_o christ_n and_o by_o st._n james_n concern_v our_o not_o swear_v at_o all_o do_v not_o proper_o belong_v to_o assertory_n oath_n whereof_o we_o have_v several_a example_n in_o st._n paul_n but_o unto_o such_o as_o be_v promissory_a for_o a_o time_n to_o come_v 11.7_o james_n 5.12_o rom._n 1.9.9.1_o 2_o cor._n 1.23.11.31_o phil._n 1.8_o 1_o thes_n 11.9_o 1_o tim._n 11.7_o which_o be_v uncertain_a and_o this_o be_v evident_a by_o the_o opposition_n in_o the_o very_a word_n of_o christ_n you_o have_v hear_v it_o say_v to_o they_o of_o old_a thou_o shall_v not_o forswear_v but_o thou_o shall_v pay_v thy_o vow_n unto_o the_o lord_n but_o i_o say_v unto_o you_o swear_v not_o at_o all_o and_o by_o the_o reason_n that_o be_v add_v by_o st._n james_n that_o you_o be_v not_o find_v to_o be_v deceiver_n for_o so_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d sound_v among_o the_o greek_n as_o will_v appear_v by_o job_n 34.30_o and_o mat._n 24.57_o the_o same_o may_v easy_o be_v evince_v by_o our_o saviour_n subsequent_a word_n let_v your_o speech_n be_v yea_o yea_o nay_o nay_o which_o st._n james_n thus_o expound_v let_v your_o yea_o be_v yea_o and_o your_o nay_o be_v nay_o which_o be_v a_o plain_a figure_n which_o the_o rhethorician_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o former_a yea_o signify_v the_o promise_n make_v the_o latter_a yea_o the_o fulfil_n of_o that_o promise_n for_o this_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._n e._n yea_o be_v a_o adverb_n of_o yield_v grant_v or_o promise_v and_o be_v express_v by_o amen_o apoc._n 1.7_o the_o roman_a lawyer_n express_v it_o by_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o quidni_fw-la which_o be_v a_o affirm_v or_o a_o assent_v to_o that_o which_o be_v ask_v of_o we_o it_o be_v use_v for_o the_o fulfil_n of_o a_o promise_n by_o st._n paul_n 2_o cor._n 1.20_o where_o he_o say_v that_o all_o the_o promise_n of_o god_n in_o christ_n be_v yea_o and_o amen_n hence_o arise_v that_o old_a heb._n adage_n a_o honest_a man_n yea_o be_v yea_o and_o his_o no_n be_v no_o but_o on_o the_o contrary_a he_o who_o word_n and_o deed_n do_v not_o accord_v be_v by_o they_o say_v to_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d sometime_o off_o and_o sometime_o on_o as_o 2_o cor._n 1.18_o 19_o 19_o 2_o cor._n 1.18_o 19_o that_o be_v their_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o their_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d their_o yea_o be_v not_o and_z their_z no_z be_v yea_o the_o meaning_n whereof_o be_v that_o they_o be_v inconstant_a unsettle_a always_o change_v so_o st._n paul_n himself_o expound_v it_o for_o when_o they_o charge_v he_o with_o levity_n he_o excuse_v himself_o say_v that_o his_o speech_n to_o they_o be_v not_o yea_o and_o no_o but_o as_o to_o himself_o it_o be_v always_o yea_o festus_n among_o the_o various_a signification_n of_o the_o word_n naucum_fw-la write_v thus_o some_o there_o be_v that_o think_v that_o it_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o so_o signify_v a_o waver_a man_n now_o if_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d yea_o and_o no_o signify_v lightness_n or_o inconstancy_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o yea_o yea_o and_o no_o no_o signify_v stayedness_n or_o constancy_n so_o
the_o civil_a law_n which_o will_v not_o admit_v of_o one_o man_n promise_n for_o another_o man_n fault_n such_o a_o promise_n shall_v amount_v unto_o a_o confirmation_n of_o the_o thing_n agree_v on_o and_o shall_v bind_v the_o promiser_n to_o make_v good_a what_o the_o prince_n or_o people_n refuse_v iv_o menippus_n his_o division_n of_o league_n reject_v menippus_n king_n antiochus_n his_o ambassador_n to_o the_o roman_n as_o it_o be_v record_v by_o livy_n and_o diodorus_n siculus_n be_v lead_v more_o by_o his_o own_o use_n and_o custom_n than_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o art_n divide_a league_n into_o three_o sort_n the_o first_o whereof_o be_v when_o the_o conqueror_n give_v law_n to_o the_o conquer_a where_o it_o be_v in_o the_o victor_n power_n to_o determine_v what_o the_o conquer_a shall_v have_v and_o how_o far_o he_o shall_v be_v punish_v the_o second_o be_v when_o both_o party_n be_v of_o equal_a power_n and_o success_n in_o the_o war_n do_v agree_v in_o a_o amicable_a league_n on_o equal_a condition_n and_o then_o by_o agreement_n thing_n take_v be_v on_o either_o side_n to_o be_v restore_v and_o in_o case_n any_o man_n have_v be_v disturb_v in_o his_o possession_n during_o the_o war_n the_o difference_n be_v to_o be_v compose_v either_o according_a to_o ancient_a right_n or_o according_a to_o the_o mutual_a profit_n and_o convenience_n of_o both_o party_n the_o three_o be_v when_o they_o that_o never_o be_v enemy_n do_v enter_v into_o a_o social_n league_n between_o themselves_o without_o either_o give_v or_o receive_v law_n on_o either_o side_n v._o league_n divide_v into_o those_o that_o bound_v to_o thing_n agreeable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n but_o we_o be_v to_o distinguish_v somewhat_o more_o accurate_o as_o in_o the_o first_o place_n we_o may_v say_v that_o some_o league_n require_v such_o thing_n only_o as_o be_v congruous_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n other_o add_v something_o thereunto_o league_n of_o the_o former_a kind_n be_v usual_o make_v not_o only_o between_o enemy_n at_o the_o end_n of_o a_o war_n but_o of_o old_a be_v both_o often_o make_v and_o in_o some_o sort_n necessary_a among_o those_o who_o before_o have_v never_o contract_v for_o any_o thing_n the_o ground_n whereof_o be_v that_o that_o principle_n of_o natural_a right_n which_o instruct_v we_o that_o nature_n have_v prudent_o link_v together_o all_o mankind_n in_o a_o kind_n of_o strict_a alliance_n and_o therefore_o for_o one_o man_n to_o hurt_v another_o be_v impiety_n be_v as_o of_o old_a before_o the_o flood_n so_o again_o some_o time_n after_o by_o a_o universal_a corruption_n of_o manner_n so_o obliterated_a that_o it_o be_v hold_v lawful_a to_o rob_v and_o spoil_v foreigner_n yea_o though_o there_o be_v no_o war_n proclaim_v stranger_n no_o sin_n to_o rob_v stranger_n so_o caesar_n of_o the_o german_n latrocinia_fw-la nullam_fw-la habent_fw-la infamiam_fw-la quae_fw-la extra_fw-la fine_n cujusque_fw-la civitatis_fw-la fiunt_fw-la look_v what_o spoil_n and_o robbery_n they_o commit_v without_o the_o bound_n of_o their_o city_n minus_n de_fw-fr moribus_fw-la ger._n lib._n 14._o in_o the_o life_n of_o minus_n they_o hold_v as_o no_o dishonour_n the_o like_a testimony_n tacitus_n give_v of_o they_o with_o who_o agree_v that_o of_o plutarch_n touch_v the_o spaniard_n who_o say_v he_o till_o that_o time_n think_v it_o a_o honourable_a employment_n to_o spoil_v and_o plunder_v out_o of_o their_o own_o territory_n nay_o the_o jew_n themselves_o refuse_v to_o make_v satisfaction_n for_o damage_n do_v unless_o to_o a_o jew_n or_o a_o confederate_a whence_o that_o question_n in_o homer_n an_o praedones_fw-la estis_fw-la be_v you_o forager_n i._n e._n such_o as_o live_v by_o the_o spoil_n of_o stranger_n be_v a_o innocent_a and_o friendly_a interrogation_n for_o say_v the_o scholiast_n upon_o that_o place_n to_o prey_v upon_o stranger_n be_v then_o hold_v a_o honourable_a employment_n the_o very_a same_o we_o find_v in_o thucydides_n with_o this_o addition_n for_o this_o kind_n of_o life_n be_v not_o at_o that_o time_n infamous_a but_o commendable_a no_o more_o be_v piracy_n upon_o the_o sea_n until_o the_o reign_n of_o tarquin_n as_o justin_n testify_v and_o this_o the_o roman_a law_n seem_v to_o justify_v for_o if_o any_o thing_n have_v be_v take_v by_o the_o roman_n from_o any_o nation_n with_o who_o they_o have_v no_o commerce_n hospitality_n nor_o league_n of_o amity_n for_o these_o be_v not_o account_v enemy_n it_o be_v hold_v by_o they_o as_o lawful_a prize_n so_o if_o a_o roman_a citizen_n be_v find_v among_o they_o or_o bring_v unto_o they_o they_o be_v immediate_o make_v slave_n and_o in_o this_o case_n do_v their_o law_n of_o postliminy_n take_v place_n the_o same_o and_o no_o better_a quarter_n have_v those_o people_n be_v take_v by_o the_o roman_n thus_o we_o read_v that_o the_o corcyrense_n before_o the_o peloponnesian_a war_n be_v no_o enemy_n to_o the_o athenian_n but_o neither_o have_v they_o peace_n with_o they_o nor_o any_o truce_n as_o by_o the_o oration_n of_o the_o corinthian_n in_o thucydides_n appear_v so_o sallust_n speak_v concern_v bocchus_n nobis_fw-la nec_fw-la pace_fw-la nec_fw-la bello_fw-la cognitus_fw-la that_o he_o be_v altogether_o unknown_a to_o the_o roman_n by_o either_o peace_n or_o war._n and_o to_o rob_v and_o spoil_v such_o be_v in_o the_o opinion_n of_o aristotle_n laudable_a and_o be_v so_o far_o warrantable_a by_o the_o roman_a law_n foreigner_n host_n take_v ancient_o for_o a_o foreigner_n that_o the_o word_n host_n which_o signify_v a_o enemy_n do_v in_o the_o old_a latin_a dialect_n signify_v nothing_o but_o a_o stranger_n or_o foreigner_n now_o under_o this_o kind_n of_o league_n i_o comprehend_v those_o also_o whereby_o freedom_n of_o commerce_n and_o the_o reception_n of_o stranger_n be_v on_o both_o side_n assent_v unto_o as_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n whereof_o we_o have_v treat_v above_o and_o thus_o we_o shall_v find_v these_o league_n distinguish_v by_o livy_n in_o that_o oration_n which_o arco_fw-la make_v to_o the_o achaian_n 41._o lib._n 41._o where_o he_o insist_o not_o upon_o any_o league_n of_o society_n but_o upon_o that_o of_o commerce_n which_o consist_v in_o give_v and_o recive_v that_o from_o each_o other_o which_o be_v due_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n namely_o that_o the_o achaian_n will_v forbear_v to_o receive_v into_o their_o protection_n the_o fugitive_a servant_n of_o the_o macedonian_n now_o all_o such_o convention_n the_o greek_n do_v strict_o include_v under_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._n e._n peace_n whereunto_o they_o oppose_v the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o be_v a_o league_n make_v by_o sacrifice_n vi_o and_o into_o those_o that_o add_v unto_o it_o which_o be_v either_o thing_n equal_a those_o agreement_n which_o contain_v those_o additament_n to_o those_o of_o natural_a right_n be_v either_o equal_a or_o unequal_a equal_a when_o the_o article_n be_v the_o same_o on_o both_o side_n whereunto_o virgil_n allude_v nec_fw-la mihi_fw-la regna_fw-la peto_fw-la paribus_fw-la sub_fw-la legibus_fw-la ambas_fw-la invictas_fw-la gentes_fw-la aeterna_fw-la in_o foedera_fw-la mittam_fw-la empire_n i_o claim_v not_o but_o with_o equal_a right_n both_o nation_n will_v with_o last_a league_n unite_v and_o these_o the_o greek_n sometime_o term_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d league_n simple_o sometime_o league_n upon_o equal_a condition_n as_o we_o read_v in_o appian_n and_o xenophon_n but_o those_o that_o be_v make_v upon_o unequal_a condition_n they_o call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d because_o make_v by_o sacrifice_n and_o as_o they_o respect_v the_o weak_a party_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d because_o impose_v upon_o they_o upon_o hard_a condition_n which_o as_o demosthenes_n advise_v be_v careful_o to_o be_v avoid_v by_o all_o such_o as_o love_v their_o liberty_n because_o they_o approach_v too_o near_o to_o subjection_n now_o both_o these_o kind_n of_o league_n be_v make_v either_o for_o peace_n or_o for_o society_n sake_n those_o equal_a league_n of_o peace_n be_v usual_o make_v for_o the_o restitution_n of_o prisoner_n or_o good_n take_v in_o war_n or_o for_o mutual_a security_n whereof_o we_o shall_v speak_v more_o at_o large_a anon_o when_o we_o have_v occasion_n to_o speak_v of_o the_o effect_n and_o consequence_n of_o war._n those_o equal_a league_n of_o society_n respect_v either_o mutual_a commerce_n or_o a_o equal_a participate_v of_o the_o charge_n of_o a_o war_n or_o some_o other_o matter_n concern_v commerce_n equal_a covenant_n may_v be_v various_a as_o namely_o that_o no_o custom_n be_v pay_v on_o either_o side_n which_o we_o find_v to_o be_v one_o of_o the_o article_n agree_v on_o in_o that_o ancient_a league_n make_v between_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o carthaginian_n except_o only_o what_o be_v give_v to_o the_o notary_n and_o to_o the_o crier_n or_o
vejentine_a ambassador_n that_o unless_o they_o depart_v the_o city_n they_o will_v show_v they_o no_o more_o mercy_n 10._o liv._o l._n 27._o id._n l._n 4._o lib._n 10._o than_o tolumnius_n their_o king_n have_v show_v to_o the_o roman_a ambassador_n who_o he_o command_v to_o be_v kill_v and_o as_o the_o samnite_n declare_v to_o the_o roman_n namely_o that_o if_o they_o enter_v into_o any_o assembly_n in_o samninus_n they_o shall_v not_o depart_v in_o safety_n this_o law_n therefore_o reach_v not_o unto_o those_o through_o who_o territory_n ambassador_n presume_v to_o pass_v without_o licence_n for_o if_o they_o be_v go_v to_o their_o enemy_n or_o come_v from_o they_o or_o do_v otherwise_o attempt_v any_o act_n of_o hostility_n they_o may_v be_v even_o kill_v thus_o do_v the_o athenian_n serve_v the_o ambassador_n pass_v between_o the_o persian_n and_o the_o spartan_n so_o do_v the_o illyrian_n 2._o thucyd._n l._n 2._o those_o that_o go_v between_o the_o essians_n and_o the_o roman_n much_o more_o be_v take_v may_v they_o be_v bind_v and_o keep_v in_o prison_n as_o xenophon_n past_o judgement_n upon_o some_o and_o alexander_n against_o those_o which_o be_v send_v from_o thebes_n and_o lacedaemon_n unto_o darius_n and_o the_o roman_n against_o the_o ambassador_n send_v to_o hannibal_n but_o if_o no_o such_o thing_n be_v and_o yet_o the_o ambassador_n be_v evil_a treat_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n whereof_o we_o now_o speak_v be_v not_o thereby_o violate_v but_o the_o honour_n of_o those_o prince_n either_o from_o who_o they_o come_v or_o unto_o who_o they_o be_v send_v be_v thereby_o wound_v and_o all_o friendship_n with_o they_o break_a thus_o write_v justine_n concern_v philip_n the_o latter_a king_n of_o macedon_n 29._o liâ—_n 29._o that_o he_o send_v his_o ambassador_n with_o letter_n to_o contract_v friendship_n with_o hannibal_n who_o be_v take_v and_o bring_v before_o the_o roman_a senate_n be_v dismiss_v with_o safety_n not_o in_o honour_n to_o the_o king_n but_o lest_o of_o a_o doubtful_a friend_n they_o shall_v thereby_o make_v he_o their_o certain_a enemy_n but_o it_o be_v otherwise_o in_o case_n any_o prince_n shall_v lay_v in_o wait_n to_o surprise_v the_o ambassador_n of_o another_o prince_n without_o his_o own_o territory_n for_o this_o be_v a_o violation_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n as_o be_v plain_a by_o the_o oration_n of_o the_o thessalian_n against_o king_n philip_n record_v by_o livy_n vi_o a_o enemy_n be_v hereunto_o oblige_v if_o the_o ambassador_n be_v send_v unto_o he_o but_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o embassage_n be_v admit_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n protect_v the_o person_n send_v even_o among_o those_o nation_n that_o be_v in_o actual_a arm_n one_o against_o another_o much_o more_o among_o such_o as_o be_v bare_o enemy_n it_o be_v very_o true_a what_o diodorus_n siculus_n say_v that_o herald_n enjoy_v peace_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o war._n the_o lacedaemonian_n who_o kill_v the_o herald_n send_v from_o the_o persian_n be_v say_v to_o break_v the_o law_n of_o all_o nation_n 1._o nation_n vide_fw-la §._o 1._o if_o any_o man_n shall_v strike_v a_o ambassador_n come_v from_o a_o enemy_n he_o shall_v be_v judge_v say_v pomponius_n legatis_fw-la pomponius_n l._n ult_n d._n de_fw-fr legatis_fw-la as_o one_o that_o have_v violate_v the_o common_a right_n of_o all_o nation_n because_o their_o person_n be_v general_o hold_v as_o sacred_a and_o tacitus_n call_v this_o right_a 2._o right_a ann._n l._n 1._o verrin_n 1._o lib._n 5._o c._n 2._o whereof_o we_o now_o treat_v the_o right_a of_o enemy_n the_o sanctimony_n of_o embassy_n and_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n approve_v by_o god_n himself_o so_o likewise_o cicero_n nun_n legati_fw-la inter_fw-la host_n incolumes_fw-la esse_fw-la debent_fw-la ought_v not_o ambassador_n te_fw-la be_v secure_v though_o among_o troop_n of_o arm_a foe_n and_o seneca_n in_o his_o book_n of_o anger_n he_o offer_v violence_n even_o to_o ambassador_n thereby_o spurn_v at_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n a_o villainous_a act_n a_o wicked_a cause_n a_o impious_a murder_n as_o livy_n call_v it_o in_o the_o story_n of_o the_o fidenates_n assassinate_v the_o roman_a ambassador_n and_o in_o another_o place_n when_o their_o ambassador_n be_v bring_v into_o great_a danger_n he_o say_v ne_o belli_fw-la quidem_fw-la jura_fw-la relicta_fw-la sunt_fw-la they_o have_v not_o leave_v among_o they_o so_o much_o as_o the_o right_n of_o war._n 4._o lib._n 4._o so_o curtius_n he_o send_v ambassador_n to_o compel_v they_o to_o peace_n who_o the_o tyrian_n kill_v and_o throw_v headlong_o into_o the_o sea_n contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o deserve_o for_o even_o in_o war_n many_o thing_n fall_v out_o which_o can_v be_v transact_v but_o by_o ambassador_n and_o very_o hardly_o can_v peace_n at_o any_o time_n be_v make_v without_o they_o vii_o neither_o be_v ambassador_n liable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o retaliation_n another_o question_n do_v usual_o arise_v namely_o whether_o a_o prince_n may_v retaliate_v the_o wrong_n do_v unto_o his_o own_o ambassador_n upon_o the_o ambassador_n of_o he_o who_o do_v that_o wrong_n and_o sure_o we_o may_v find_v in_o history_n many_o example_n of_o revenge_n take_v in_o this_o way_n and_o no_o marvel_n for_o historian_n do_v usual_o record_v not_o only_o thing_n that_o be_v just_o and_o pious_o do_v but_o those_o also_o that_o be_v do_v unjust_o in_o heat_n of_o anger_n rash_o and_o impotent_o but_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n do_v not_o only_o careful_o provide_v for_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o person_n send_v but_o for_o the_o security_n of_o the_o person_n send_v so_o that_o there_o be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o silent_a contract_n make_v between_o the_o ambassador_n send_v and_o the_o prince_n to_o who_o he_o go_v and_o therefore_o though_o there_o shall_v be_v no_o injustice_n do_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o prince_n that_o send_v his_o ambassador_n as_o have_v just_o deserve_v it_o for_o the_o affront_n give_v he_o in_o the_o wrong_n do_v unto_o his_o ambassador_n yet_o to_o the_o person_n send_v there_o will_v be_v do_v a_o manifest_a injustice_n because_o by_o virtue_n of_o that_o tacit_a agreement_n he_o may_v just_o claim_v his_o indemnity_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o only_o magnanimous_o but_o just_o do_v by_o scipio_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n who_o though_o the_o roman_a ambassador_n have_v be_v very_o hardly_o use_v at_o carthage_n yet_o when_o the_o roman_n bring_v the_o carthaginian_a ambassador_n unto_o he_o demand_v what_o shall_v be_v do_v with_o they_o make_v answer_n nihil_fw-la tale_n quale_fw-la factum_fw-la fuit_fw-la à _fw-la carthaginensibus_fw-la nothing_o of_o that_o which_o the_o carthaginian_n do_v unto_o the_o roman_n or_o according_a to_o what_o livy_n add_v nihil_fw-la se_fw-la facturum_fw-la institutis_fw-la populi_fw-la romani_fw-la indignum_fw-la that_o he_o will_v do_v nothing_o unworthy_a of_o the_o roman_a discipline_n whereunto_o diodorus_n add_v this_o reason_n lest_o what_o we_o blame_v in_o they_o we_o justify_v in_o ourselves_o and_o the_o roman_n themselves_o though_o they_o be_v not_o ignorant_a of_o what_o the_o carthaginian_n have_v do_v yet_o dismiss_v their_o ambassador_n in_o safety_n thus_o do_v constantius_n remit_v titianus_n be_v send_v unto_o he_o by_o magnentius_n though_o his_o own_o ambassador_n philip_n send_v unto_o magnentius_n have_v be_v hy_z he_o detain_v as_o zosimon_n testify_v and_o when_o long_o before_o the_o roman_a ambassador_n cornelius_n asina_n be_v put_v in_o chain_n by_o the_o carthaginian_n and_o hanno_n the_o carthaginian_a ambassador_n be_v at_o that_o time_n in_o rome_n be_v afraid_a of_o the_o like_a measure_n the_o consul_n stand_v up_o in_o the_o senate_n and_o thus_o bespeak_v he_o isto_fw-la te_fw-la metu_fw-la hanno_n fides_fw-la civitatis_fw-la nostra_fw-la liberet_fw-la let_v the_o faith_n of_o our_o city_n hanno_n free_v thou_o from_o this_o fear_n viii_o the_o privilege_n of_o ambassador_n extend_v to_o their_o retinue_n not_o only_o the_o ambassador_n himself_o but_o his_o follower_n and_o good_n be_v to_o partake_v of_o the_o same_o privilege_n if_o he_o please_v and_o therefore_o the_o ancient_a form_n of_o word_n use_v by_o ambassador_n and_o herald_n unto_o the_o king_n to_o who_o they_o be_v send_v be_v these_o o_o king_n do_v thou_o admit_v of_o i_o as_o the_o royal_a messenger_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n together_o with_o my_o good_n and_o follower_n and_o by_o the_o julian_n law_n not_o only_o they_o that_o offer_v violence_n to_o the_o person_n of_o the_o ambassador_n themselves_o but_o they_o that_o injure_v any_o of_o their_o attendant_n be_v find_v guilty_a de_fw-fr vi_fw-mi publiea_fw-mi of_o violence_n do_v by_o force_n and_o arm_n but_o this_o sanctimony_n belong_v unto_o they_o but_o as_o they_o be_v attendant_n to_o the_o ambassador_n and_o therefore_o no_o further_o due_a than_o he_o shall_v please_v
samian_o after_o three_o age_n they_o injury_n do_v shall_v not_o be_v revenge_v but_o on_o those_o that_o do_v they_o from_o all_o which_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o the_o memory_n of_o injury_n do_v we_o ought_v not_o to_o outlive_v the_o person_n that_o do_v they_o neither_o will_v those_o argument_n bring_v by_o plutarch_n in_o defence_n of_o the_o revenge_n take_v by_o god_n upon_o posterity_n for_o the_o sin_n of_o their_o ancestor_n serve_v to_o justify_v the_o like_a in_o man_n because_o there_o be_v not_o the_o same_o right_n between_o man_n and_o man_n as_o there_o be_v between_o god_n and_o man_n neither_o will_v it_o necessary_o follow_v that_o because_o our_o child_n do_v receive_v honour_n and_o reward_n for_o the_o virtuous_a act_n of_o their_o forefather_n therefore_o they_o may_v be_v just_o punish_v for_o their_o fault_n because_o such_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o a_o courtesy_n or_o benefit_n that_o it_o may_v be_v confer_v upon_o any_o man_n without_o injury_n but_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o punishment_n be_v not_o so_o ix_o whether_o a_o man_n may_v partake_v of_o the_o punishment_n though_o not_o of_o the_o crime_n thus_o have_v show_v by_o what_o mean_v a_o man_n may_v partake_v of_o the_o punishment_n by_o be_v make_v accessary_a to_o the_o sin_n of_o another_o now_o we_o intend_v to_o show_v how_o a_o man_n may_v be_v involve_v in_o the_o punishment_n though_o he_o be_v no_o way_n accessary_a to_o his_o sin_n and_o here_o to_o avoid_v mistake_n and_o that_o we_o may_v not_o confound_v thing_n in_o their_o own_o nature_n distinct_a because_o they_o be_v alike_o in_o name_n we_o must_v walk_v cautious_o as_o to_o some_o particular_n x._o that_o which_o come_v direct_o distinguish_v from_o that_o which_o come_v by_o consequence_n as_o in_o the_o first_o place_n we_o must_v distinguish_v between_o that_o damage_n that_o be_v purposely_o and_o direct_o do_v and_o that_o which_o come_v by_o consequence_n that_o i_o account_v a_o wrong_n direct_o do_v when_o that_o be_v take_v away_o whereunto_o a_o man_n have_v a_o peculiar_a right_n and_o that_o i_o call_v a_o wrong_n do_v by_o consequence_n when_o a_o man_n be_v deprive_v of_o that_o which_o otherwise_o he_o may_v have_v have_v that_o condition_n cease_v without_o which_o he_o can_v have_v no_o right_a or_o title_n a_o example_n whereof_o ulpian_n give_v we_o thus_o if_o by_o dig_v a_o well_o in_o my_o own_o ground_n i_o cut_v off_o or_o intercept_v the_o spring_n that_o feed_v my_o neighbour_n well_o the_o damage_n he_o sustain_v be_v not_o occasion_v direct_o by_o any_o illegal_a act_n of_o i_o but_o by_o the_o lawful_a use_n of_o that_o wherein_o i_o have_v a_o proper_a and_o peculiar_a right_n as_o be_v my_o own_o and_o in_o another_o place_n there_o be_v a_o great_a difference_n between_o the_o do_v of_o a_o injury_n and_o the_o prohibit_v a_o man_n to_o make_v the_o profit_n which_o he_o have_v hitherto_o be_v permit_v to_o make_v and_o it_o be_v very_o preposterous_a say_v 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notwithstanding_o their_o father_n fault_n remain_v perfect_o they_o cicero_n write_v that_o themistocles_n his_o child_n suffer_v want_v nor_o do_v he_o think_v it_o unjust_a that_o lepidus_n his_o child_n shall_v do_v the_o like_a and_o this_o he_o affirm_v to_o be_v a_o ancient_a custom_n and_o observe_v in_o all_o city_n which_o notwithstanding_o the_o late_a roman_a law_n have_v somewhat_o moderate_v so_o when_o through_o the_o default_n of_o the_o major_a part_n which_o as_o we_o have_v say_v before_o represent_v and_o have_v the_o power_n of_o the_o whole_a the_o whole_a offend_v and_o upon_o that_o account_n lose_v their_o civil_a liberty_n i._n e._n their_o wall_n port_n and_o other_o commodity_n those_o particular_a person_n who_o be_v innocent_a do_v indeed_o bear_v a_o equal_a share_n in_o the_o loss_n but_o yet_o in_o those_o thing_n only_o which_o appertain_v not_o unto_o they_o but_o as_o they_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a xi_o what_o befall_v we_o by_o the_o occasion_n of_o a_o crime_n distinguish_v from_o that_o which_o befall_v we_o because_o of_o the_o crime_n beside_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o sometime_o some_o evil_n be_v to_o be_v impose_v on_o a_o man_n or_o some_o good_a take_v from_o he_o by_o the_o occasion_n of_o another_o sin_n yet_o so_o that_o that_o sin_n be_v not_o the_o immediate_a cause_n of_o that_o action_n as_o to_o the_o very_o right_o of_o do_v it_o as_o he_o that_o pass_v his_o word_n for_o the_o debt_n of_o another_o suffer_v not_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o debt_n but_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o engagement_n according_a to_o our_o proverb_n a_o surety_n be_v a_o sure_a tie_n for_o as_o he_o that_o pass_v his_o word_n for_o a_o buyer_n be_v not_o bind_v by_o the_o purchase_n but_o by_o his_o own_o free_a promise_n so_o he_o that_o undertake_v for_o a_o delinquent_n may_v suffer_v est_fw-la sponde_v noxa_fw-la praesto_fw-la est_fw-la not_o for_o his_o delinquency_n but_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o vadimony_n or_o susception_n which_o as_o it_o be_v in_o his_o own_o free_a power_n to_o do_v or_o not_o to_o do_v so_o be_v do_v it_o shall_v no_o less_o oblige_v he_o than_o the_o offence_n do_v the_o delinquent_n now_o the_o ground_n of_o this_o be_v the_o power_n and_o freedom_n that_o every_o man_n have_v to_o oblige_v himself_o and_o therefore_o the_o measure_n of_o his_o suffering_n be_v not_o to_o be_v take_v from_o the_o heinousness_n of_o another_o fault_n but_o from_o the_o power_n he_o have_v to_o oblige_v himself_o the_o consequence_n whereof_o be_v that_o no_o man_n can_v just_o be_v put_v to_o death_n by_o be_v a_o surety_n for_o another_o who_o crime_n may_v happy_o deserve_v death_n because_o no_o man_n can_v just_o oblige_v himself_o beyond_o what_o be_v in_o his_o power_n but_o this_o power_n over_o a_o man_n life_n either_o to_o take_v it_o away_o from_o himself_o or_o to_o oblige_v another_o to_o take_v it_o away_o from_o he_o no_o man_n have_v and_o therefore_o no_o man_n can_v just_o be_v put_v to_o death_n by_o reason_n of_o such_o a_o vademony_n and_o this_o i_o hold_v to_o be_v the_o true_a opinion_n though_o it_o seem_v that_o not_o the_o ancient_a roman_n only_o but_o the_o grecian_n and_o hebrew_n also_o be_v of_o another_o mind_n who_o believe_v that_o even_o the_o surety_n also_o may_v just_o be_v adjudge_v to_o death_n as_o appear_v by_o that_o ancient_a story_n of_o damon_n and_o pythias_n and_o by_o those_o word_n of_o reuben_n to_o his_o father_n jacob_n 3._o jos_n ant._n lib._n 2._o cap._n 3._o slay_v my_o two_o son_n if_o i_o bring_v he_o not_o back_o unto_o thou_o 42.37_o thou_o gen._n 42.37_o whereunto_o st_n augustine_n 14._o augustine_n ep._n 54._o ad_fw-la macedonium_n see_v lib._n 3._o c._n 4._o §._o 14._o allude_v where_o he_o say_v that_o he_o that_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o another_o death_n be_v sometime_o a_o great_a sinner_n than_o he_o that_o kill_v he_o as_o when_o a_o malefactor_n leave_v his_o surety_n to_o suffer_v that_o lawful_a punishment_n which_o himself_o shall_v undergo_v as_o it_o fall_v out_o frequent_o with_o hostage_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v anon_o neither_o do_v this_o power_n of_o oblige_v a_o man_n self_n extend_v to_o mutilation_n for_o no_o man_n have_v such_o a_o power_n over_o his_o bodily_a member_n as_o to_o cut_v they_o off_o unless_o it_o be_v for_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n but_o whatsoever_o any_o man_n have_v a_o full_a and_o absolute_a power_n over_o he_o may_v engage_v for_o another_o and_o if_o he_o suffer_v thereby_o it_o be_v not_o by_o way_n of_o punishment_n but_o by_o way_n of_o equity_n which_o require_v that_o what_o be_v promise_v shall_v be_v perform_v thus_o a_o man_n may_v forfeit_v his_o estate_n his_o liberty_n his_o good_n
christian_a doctrine_n x._o single_a combat_n permit_v near_o of_o kin_n unto_o this_o be_v single_a combat_n between_o competitor_n the_o use_n whereof_o be_v not_o altogether_o to_o be_v reject_v for_o where_o two_o person_n stand_v in_o competition_n for_o one_o thing_n which_o can_v be_v divide_v be_v ready_a to_o embroil_v a_o whole_a nation_n in_o blood_n it_o be_v much_o better_o and_o more_o just_a that_o one_o shall_v perish_v for_o all_o than_o that_o all_o shall_v perish_v for_o one_o only_a in_o which_o case_n that_o of_o jocasta_n in_o seneca_n be_v good_a advice_n otho_n plut._n otho_n theb._n theb._n rex_fw-la sit_fw-la è_fw-la vobis_fw-la uter_fw-la manente_fw-la regno_fw-la quaerite_fw-la try_v which_o of_o you_o shall_v reign_v but_o let_v the_o kingdom_n still_o remain_v and_o this_o if_o not_o justifiable_a in_o the_o competitor_n themselves_o yet_o may_v it_o well_o be_v accept_v of_o by_o the_o people_n if_o offer_v as_o be_v of_o two_o evil_n by_o much_o the_o lesser_a thus_o metius_n in_o livy_n bespeak_v tullus_n 5._o lib._n 5._o let_v we_o agree_v about_o some_o way_n whereby_o it_o may_v be_v determine_v whether_o of_o we_o two_o shall_v reign_v over_o the_o other_o without_o the_o effusion_n of_o so_o much_o blood_n or_o the_o slaughter_n of_o either_o of_o our_o people_n strabo_n set_v it_o down_o as_o a_o ancient_a custom_n among_o the_o grecian_n and_o aeneas_n in_o virgil_n account_v it_o a_o very_a just_a thing_n that_o the_o quarrel_n between_o turnus_n and_o he_o shall_v have_v be_v thus_o decide_v 11._o aen._n 11._o fitter_n it_o have_v be_v for_o turnus_n thus_o to_o have_v die_v and_o for_o this_o cause_n it_o be_v that_o m._n anthony_n challenge_v caesar_n to_o a_o single_a combat_n as_o plutarch_n record_v ant._n vit._n ant._n sure_o it_o be_v that_o among_o other_o custom_n of_o the_o ancient_a franc_n agathias_n high_o commend_v this_o who_o word_n be_v worthy_a of_o eternal_a memory_n be_v to_o this_o purpose_n no_o soon_o do_v any_o quarrel_n arise_v between_o their_o king_n but_o immediate_o they_o betake_v themselves_o to_o their_o arm_n they_o raise_v army_n and_o march_n against_o each_o other_o so_o furious_o as_o if_o nothing_o but_o a_o absolute_a conquest_n can_v end_v the_o controversy_n but_o yet_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o army_n meet_v and_o face_v they_o present_o lay_v aside_o all_o animosity_n and_o make_v peace_n thereby_o enforce_v as_o it_o be_v their_o king_n to_o dispute_v their_o grievance_n rather_o by_o law_n than_o arm_n or_o if_o that_o please_v they_o not_o then_o to_o end_v their_o quarrel_n with_o the_o peril_n of_o their_o own_o life_n only_o as_o judge_v it_o neither_o just_a nor_o reasonable_a nor_o indeed_o agreeable_a to_o their_o national_a custom_n for_o their_o king_n to_o sacrifice_v the_o commonwealth_n to_o their_o private_a hatred_n wherefore_o they_o instant_o disband_v their_o army_n reconcile_v their_o prince_n and_o make_v peace_n tanta_fw-la in_o subditis_fw-la cura_fw-la justitiae_fw-la &_o patriae_fw-la amor_fw-la in_fw-la regibus_fw-la animus_n placidus_fw-la &_o suis_fw-la obsequens_fw-la so_o great_a in_o the_o subject_n be_v their_o esteem_n of_o justice_n and_o love_n to_o their_o country_n and_o in_o their_o king_n their_o moderation_n of_o spirit_n and_o their_o compliance_n with_o the_o people_n in_o order_n to_o their_o common_a safety_n xi_o in_o case_n equal_o dubious_a the_o present_a occupant_a have_v the_o best_a right_n although_o where_o the_o equity_n of_o the_o cause_n be_v doubtful_a both_o party_n be_v oblige_v to_o seek_v after_o condition_n of_o peace_n to_o prevent_v the_o misery_n of_o war_n yet_o do_v it_o more_o concern_v he_o that_o demand_n than_o he_o that_o enjoy_v what_o the_o other_o require_v as_o in_o the_o like_o equal_a cause_n melior_fw-la est_fw-la possidentis_fw-la conditio_fw-la the_o title_n of_o the_o present_a occupant_a be_v presume_v to_o be_v best_a as_o be_v most_o agreeable_a not_o only_o to_o civil_a but_o to_o natural_a right_n the_o reason_n whereof_o we_o have_v already_o give_v elsewhere_o out_o of_o aristotle_n problem_n whereunto_o we_o must_v here_o add_v that_o war_n can_v be_v lawful_o make_v by_o he_o who_o though_o he_o know_v his_o title_n to_o what_o he_o claim_v to_o be_v good_a yet_o can_v produce_v evidence_n sufficient_a to_o convince_v the_o present_a occupant_a of_o the_o illegality_n of_o his_o possession_n because_o he_o have_v not_o a_o right_a to_o compel_v his_o adversary_n to_o leave_v his_o possession_n xii_o if_o neither_o be_v possess_v than_o a_o partition_n be_v just_a where_o the_o right_a be_v equal_o ambiguous_a and_o neither_o party_n in_o possession_n or_o both_o equal_o than_o he_o be_v to_o be_v repute_v unjust_a that_o shall_v refuse_v a_o equal_a partition_n of_o the_o thing_n controvert_v be_v offer_v unto_o he_o xiii_o whether_o a_o war_n may_v be_v on_o both_o side_n just_a explain_v by_o many_o distinction_n by_o what_o have_v be_v herein_o say_v it_o will_v be_v no_o hard_a matter_n to_o resolve_v that_o question_n which_o be_v so_o frequent_o controvert_v whether_o a_o war_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o principal_a promoter_n of_o it_o can_v be_v on_o both_o side_n just_a where_o we_o must_v first_o distinguish_v between_o the_o various_a acception_n of_o the_o word_n just_o episcopus_fw-la just_o so_o gratian_n distinguish_v justice_n into_o that_o which_o respect_v the_o cause_n the_o order_n and_o the_o mind_n c._n 11._o q._n 5._o post_fw-la c._n episcopus_fw-la for_o a_o thing_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v just_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o cause_n or_o according_a to_o the_o effect_n again_o a_o thing_n a_o may_v be_v just_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o cause_n either_o according_a to_o the_o special_a and_o strict_a acception_n of_o justice_n or_o according_a to_o its_o more_o general_a acception_n as_o it_o comprehend_v whatsoever_o in_o equity_n or_o honesty_n ought_v to_o be_v do_v again_o the_o word_n just_o take_v in_o its_o special_a signification_n may_v be_v subdivide_v into_o that_o which_o respect_v the_o work_n do_v or_o into_o that_o which_o respect_v the_o mind_n of_o he_o that_o do_v it_o for_o the_o agent_n may_v sometime_o be_v say_v to_o do_v just_o whilst_o he_o do_v not_o unjust_o though_o that_o which_o he_o do_v be_v not_o just_a as_o aristotle_n greg._n aristotle_n eth._n l._n 5._o c._n 10_o 11._o greg._n right_o distinguish_v between_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o do_v unjust_o and_o to_o do_v that_o which_o be_v unjust_a bonis_fw-la male_a utuntur_fw-la qui_fw-la temporali_fw-la lucro_fw-la just_a judicant_fw-la they_o make_v ill_a use_n of_o thing_n in_o themselves_o good_a who_o do_v justice_n for_o reward_n sake_n because_o it_o be_v the_o hope_n of_o gain_n and_o not_o the_o love_n of_o justice_n that_o excite_v they_o to_o defend_v the_o truth_n now_o in_o this_o special_a acception_n of_o the_o word_n just_o and_o as_o it_o relate_v to_o the_o thing_n itself_o no_o war_n can_v be_v on_o both_o side_n just_a as_o neither_o can_v any_o other_o contest_v be_v quia_fw-la facultas_fw-la moralis_fw-la ad_fw-la contraria_fw-la non_fw-la datur_fw-la per_fw-la rei_fw-la ipsius_fw-la naturam_fw-la because_o the_o very_a nature_n so_o the_o thing_n about_o which_o the_o dispute_n be_v will_v not_o admit_v of_o a_o moral_a power_n to_o thing_n that_o be_v contrary_a as_o namely_o to_o do_v a_o thing_n and_o yet_o to_o oppose_v the_o do_n of_o it_o but_o yet_o it_o may_v very_o well_o be_v that_o neither_o of_o the_o party_n war_a against_o each_o other_o do_v unjust_o because_o no_o man_n can_v be_v say_v to_o do_v unjust_o but_o he_o that_o know_v that_o which_o he_o do_v to_o be_v unjust_a but_o many_o man_n do_v not_o know_v that_o they_o do_v amiss_o though_o that_o which_o they_o do_v be_v in_o itself_o unjust_a so_o when_o man_n go_v to_o law_n they_o may_v just_o that_o be_v with_o a_o good_a mind_n and_o intention_n do_v it_o on_o both_o side_n because_o they_o do_v both_o conceive_v that_o they_o be_v in_o the_o right_a injustice_n to_o some_o thing_n the_o right_o be_v not_o discernible_a who_o it_o be_v and_o then_o whilst_o each_o endeavour_n to_o take_v that_o from_o another_o which_o he_o think_v belong_v to_o himself_o who_o can_v condemn_v either_o of_o injustice_n for_o of_o many_o thing_n as_o well_o in_o point_n of_o right_n as_o in_o matter_n of_o fact_n whence_o right_o arise_v man_n be_v ignorant_a now_o in_o the_o general_a acception_n of_o the_o word_n just_o that_o be_v say_v to_o be_v just_a in_o the_o do_n whereof_o the_o agent_n be_v altogether_o innocent_a for_o the_o act_n may_v be_v unjust_a and_o yet_o the_o agent_n blameless_a by_o reason_n of_o his_o insuperable_a ignorance_n a_o example_n whereof_o we_o have_v in_o such_o as_o be_v through_o no_o default_n of_o they_o ignorant_a
treasury_n but_o the_o money_n he_o have_v raise_v by_o the_o sell_n of_o the_o captive_n but_o have_v conquer_a the_o hetrusci_n and_o make_v sale_n of_o the_o captive_n out_o of_o the_o money_n so_o raise_v he_o restore_v to_o some_o roman_a matron_n the_o gold_n they_o have_v contribute_v to_o maintain_v the_o war_n and_o lay_v up_o three_o cup_n of_o gold_n in_o the_o capitol_n fabricus_fw-la have_v conquer_v the_o lacanes_n the_o brutii_n and_o the_o samnite_n 6._o liv._o l._n 5._o l._n 6._o do_v very_o much_o enrich_v the_o soldiery_n restore_v to_o every_o citizen_n his_o tax_n and_o bring_v into_o the_o treasury_n four_o hundred_o talent_n beside_o so_o do_v fabius_n when_o he_o have_v take_v tarentum_n 37._o liv._o lib._n 37._o bring_v the_o money_n raise_v by_o the_o sale_n of_o prisoner_n into_o the_o treasury_n but_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o spoil_n he_o disperse_v among_o his_o soldier_n thus_o do_v q._n fulvius_n and_o appius_n claudius_n when_o they_o have_v take_v hanno_fw-la camp_n they_o sell_v the_o spoil_n and_o divide_v it_o reward_v every_o man_n that_o have_v do_v any_o signal_n service_n in_o that_o fight_n scipio_n have_v take_v carthage_n 25._o lib._n 25._o give_v the_o spoil_n of_o the_o city_n to_o his_o soldier_n reserve_v only_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n to_o gratify_v his_o friend_n acilius_n upon_o the_o take_n of_o lamia_n divide_v among_o the_o soldier_n one_o part_n of_o the_o spoil_n and_o sell_v the_o other_o cn._n manlius_n have_v subdue_v the_o gallogrecian_o 37._o liv._o l._n 37._o and_o according_a to_o the_o than_o romish_a superstition_n burn_v their_o arm_n sell_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o prey_n 38._o id._n l._n 38._o part_v whereof_o as_o his_o own_o he_o bring_v into_o the_o treasury_n the_o rest_n he_o divide_v among_o his_o soldier_n with_o singular_a care_n as_o be_v most_o fit_a xxi_o ofttime_n it_o be_v embezelled_a whence_o we_o may_v collect_v that_o no_o less_o among_o the_o roman_n than_o among_o other_o 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time_n in_o imbezel_v the_o spoil_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o so_o rob_v the_o public_a treasury_n a_o fragment_n of_o which_o oration_n be_v record_v by_o aulus_n gellius_n in_o these_o word_n 18._o l._n 11._o c._n 18._o fures_fw-la privatorum_fw-la furtorum_fw-la in_o nervo_fw-la atque_fw-la compedibus_fw-la aetatem_fw-la agunt_fw-la fures_fw-la publici_fw-la in_o auro_fw-la atque_fw-la purpura_fw-la private_a thief_n we_o usual_o load_v with_o bolt_n and_o fetter_n but_o they_o that_o rob_v the_o commonwealth_n be_v clad_v in_o gold_n and_o purple_n and_o be_v indeed_o the_o only_a gallant_n of_o our_o age_n so_o elsewhere_o the_o same_o cato_n wonder_n that_o any_o man_n shall_v dare_v to_o hang_v up_o in_o his_o own_o house_n those_o ensign_n that_o be_v take_v in_o war_n as_o if_o they_o be_v a_o part_n of_o hiâ—_n own_o householdstuff_n neither_o be_v general_n only_o guilty_a of_o this_o crime_n but_o even_o private_a soldier_n in_o case_n what_o they_o so_o take_v from_o the_o enemy_n they_o do_v not_o forthwith_o produce_v in_o public_a for_o they_o be_v all_o of_o they_o bind_v by_o oath_n say_v polybius_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o purloin_v or_o convey_v away_o any_o thing_n of_o the_o prey_n but_o that_o they_o shall_v faithful_o discharge_v their_o trust_n in_o regard_n of_o their_o oath_n 4._o lib._n 16._o c._n 4._o the_o form_n whereof_o we_o find_v record_v by_o aulus_n gellius_n whereby_o they_o be_v oblige_v not_o to_o take_v away_o any_o thing_n either_o within_o the_o army_n or_o within_o ten_o mile_n of_o it_o that_o be_v more_o worth_a than_o a_o small_a piece_n of_o silver_n or_o if_o they_o do_v than_o they_o be_v to_o bring_v it_o to_o the_o consul_n or_o within_o three_o day_n to_o make_v open_a profession_n of_o what_o they_o have_v do_v which_o give_v some_o light_n to_o that_o of_o modestinus_n be_v qui_fw-la praedam_fw-la ab_fw-la hostibus_fw-la surripuit_fw-la peculatus_fw-la tenetur_fw-la he_o that_o steal_v away_o any_o of_o the_o spoil_n and_o keep_v it_o to_o himself_o be_v guilty_a of_o rob_v the_o public_a treasury_n and_o this_o one_o thing_n be_v sufficient_a to_o admonish_v those_o that_o expound_v the_o law_n not_o to_o believe_v that_o the_o spoil_v take_v from_o the_o enemy_n be_v peculiar_a unto_o those_o that_o take_v they_o but_o unto_o the_o state_n that_o bear_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o war._n for_o there_o can_v be_v no_o rob_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n but_o in_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v either_o public_a sacred_a or_o religious_a the_o result_n of_o all_o this_o be_v to_o show_v that_o set_v aside_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o primary_o whatsoever_o be_v in_o the_o public_a act_n of_o a_o just_a war_n take_v from_o the_o enemy_n belong_v to_o the_o prince_n or_o people_n who_o be_v at_o the_o charge_n of_o make_v the_o war._n xxii_o that_o somewhat_o may_v be_v change_v of_o this_o common_a right_n by_o any_o law_n or_o act_n of_o the_o will._n we_o add_v set_v aside_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o primary_o or_o direct_o the_o former_a because_o the_o law_n whether_o make_v by_o the_o people_n as_o among_o the_o roman_n or_o by_o the_o king_n as_o among_o the_o hebrew_n and_o other_o place_n may_v dispose_v of_o these_o thing_n that_o be_v not_o actual_o possess_v to_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o here_o under_o the_o word_n law_n we_o understand_v also_o custom_n if_o right_o introduce_v the_o latter_a i_o add_v that_o we_o may_v know_v that_o it_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o people_n to_o grant_v the_o spoil_n of_o the_o enemy_n to_o other_o as_o well_o as_o they_o may_v dispose_v of_o other_o thing_n and_o that_o not_o only_o after_o they_o be_v get_v but_o before_o so_o that_o immediate_o upon_o the_o take_n of_o they_o action_n be_v commence_v brevi_fw-la manu_fw-la as_o the_o lawyer_n speak_v that_o be_v compendious_o decline_v the_o dilatory_a form_n of_o suit_n which_o grant_n may_v be_v make_v not_o only_o nominal_o but_o general_o also_o as_o to_o widow_n to_o the_o age_a and_o impotent_a and_o to_o poor_a orphan_n as_o part_v of_o the_o spoil_n be_v thus_o give_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o maccabite_n 30._o 2_o mac._n 8.28_o 30._o or_o unto_o uncertain_a person_n in_o imitation_n of_o those_o sportulae_fw-la which_o the_o roman_a consul_n and_o other_o prince_n cast_v among_o the_o people_n whereof_o every_o man_n have_v liberty_n to_o catch_v what_o he_o will_v neither_o be_v the_o translation_n of_o this_o right_n either_o by_o law_n or_o grant_v unto_o other_o always_o a_o mere_a donative_n for_o sometime_o it_o be_v due_a by_o some_o former_a covenant_n or_o agreement_n sometime_o in_o discharge_n of_o some_o debt_n or_o as_o a_o recompense_n for_o some_o loss_n receive_v or_o some_o extraordinary_a charge_n man_n have_v be_v at_o in_o the_o war_n either_o by_o purse_n or_o pain_n as_o when_o a_o man_n serve_v in_o the_o war_n without_o pay_n or_o for_o less_o than_o his_o pain_n deserve_v for_o in_o these_o case_n it_o be_v usual_a we_o see_v to_o grant_v either_o all_o or_o some_o part_n of_o the_o spoil_n unto_o other_o xxiii_o some_o of_o the_o spoil_n may_v be_v due_a to_o our_o associate_n it_o be_v also_o observe_v by_o civilian_n that_o custom_n have_v so_o far_o prevail_v almost_o every_o where_o that_o whatsoever_o either_o our_o associate_n or_o subject_n that_o serve_v without_o pay_n and_o at_o their_o own_o cost_n and_o peril_n shall_v take_v in_o the_o war_n be_v their_o own_o as_o to_o our_o associate_n the_o reason_n be_v manifest_a because_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n they_o that_o be_v associate_v in_o a_o war_n be_v bind_v to_o repair_v each_o other_o loss_n which_o shall_v be_v occasion_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o war_n which_o be_v common_a and_o public_a beside_o there_o be_v very_o few_o that_o will_v
supreme_a magistrate_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o nation_n chap._n viii_o of_o empire_n over_o the_o vanquish_a in_o war._n i._o that_o a_o civil_a empire_n whether_o in_o a_o king_n or_o a_o people_n may_v be_v acquire_v by_o war_n and_o what_o the_o effect_n be_v of_o such_o a_o acquisition_n ii_o such_o a_o empire_n may_v be_v gain_v over_o a_o people_n as_o be_v mere_o despotical_a and_o then_o they_o cease_v to_o be_v a_o city_n iii_o sometime_o a_o mix_a government_n be_v acquire_v iv_o sometime_o even_o the_o incorporeal_a thing_n of_o the_o people_n may_v be_v acquire_v by_o war_n where_o also_o be_v handle_v the_o bond_n give_v by_o the_o thessalian_n to_o the_o theban_n forgive_v by_o alexander_n i._o that_o the_o civil_a empire_n as_o well_o in_o a_o king_n as_o people_n may_v be_v gain_v by_o war._n it_o be_v no_o marvel_n that_o he_o who_o can_v bring_v into_o subjection_n every_o particular_a person_n can_v also_o subdue_v the_o body_n politic_a whether_o it_o be_v a_o city_n or_o part_n of_o a_o city_n and_o whether_o that_o subjection_n be_v mere_o civil_a or_o mere_o despotical_a or_o mix_v this_o argument_n we_o shall_v find_v use_v by_o seneca_n in_o that_o controversy_n which_o be_v de_fw-fr olynthio_n where_o he_o bring_v in_o one_o plead_v thus_o he_o be_v my_o slave_n who_o i_o buy_v by_o the_o right_n of_o war_n and_o very_o expedient_a it_o be_v for_o you_o o_o you_o athenian_n not_o only_o to_o acknowledge_v my_o title_n to_o be_v just_a but_o to_o defend_v it_o otherwise_o notwithstanding_o all_o your_o great_a conquest_n your_o empire_n also_o must_v be_v confine_v within_o your_o ancient_a territory_n wherefore_o tertullian_n acknowledge_v that_o empire_n be_v gain_v by_o arm_n but_o enlarge_v by_o conquest_n so_o likewise_o quintilian_n kingdom_n nation_n and_o the_o bound_n of_o city_n and_o country_n be_v determine_v by_o the_o right_n of_o war._n alexander_n in_o curtius_n claim_v by_o this_o right_n say_v that_o law_n be_v usual_o give_v by_o the_o conqueror_n and_o receive_v by_o the_o conquer_a thus_o minio_n in_o his_o oration_n to_o the_o roman_n 35._o liv._o l._n 35._o why_o do_v you_o roman_n send_v every_o year_n your_o praetor_n with_o the_o ensign_n of_o your_o empire_n the_o rod_n and_o axe_n into_o syracuse_n and_o other_o the_o grecian_a city_n in_o sicily_n for_o which_o you_o can_v give_v no_o other_o reason_n but_o this_o that_o have_v conquer_v they_o by_o your_o arm_n you_o impose_v upon_o they_o what_o law_n you_o please_v gallic_n de_fw-fr bello_fw-la gallic_n ariovistus_n in_o caesar_n commentary_n say_v that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o arm_n the_o conqueror_n may_v govern_v the_o conquer_a in_o what_o manner_n he_o please_v and_o that_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o roman_n be_v to_o govern_v those_o city_n which_o they_o have_v by_o their_o arm_n subdue_v not_o after_o other_o man_n prescription_n but_o according_a to_o their_o own_o will_n and_o pleasure_n justine_n likewise_o out_o of_o trogus_n tell_v we_o that_o before_o ninus_n 1._o lib._n 1._o prince_n that_o make_v war_n seek_v not_o empire_n but_o glory_n and_o therefore_o be_v content_v with_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o victory_n but_o seek_v not_o to_o enlarge_v their_o kingdom_n and_o that_o this_o ninus_n be_v the_o first_o that_o ever_o encroach_v upon_o another_o man_n dominion_n and_o from_o he_o it_o become_v a_o custom_n bocchus_n in_o sallust_n plead_v that_o he_o take_v up_o arm_n only_o to_o defend_v himself_o for_o that_o part_n of_o numidia_n from_o whence_o he_o have_v drive_v jugurtha_n be_v make_v he_o by_o the_o law_n of_o arm_n but_o a_o right_o may_v be_v gain_v by_o a_o conqueror_n either_o so_o far_o only_o as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o king_n or_o some_o other_o governor_n and_o then_o he_o succeed_v in_o his_o right_n only_o and_o no_o far_o so_o alexander_n after_o the_o battle_n at_o gaugamela_n be_v salute_v king_n of_o asia_n and_o the_o roman_n also_o claim_v unto_o themselves_o all_o that_o be_v syphax_n by_o the_o right_n of_o war._n but_o when_o the_o huns_n plead_v to_o the_o roman_n that_o the_o country_n of_o the_o gepidae_n be_v they_o because_o they_o have_v take_v their_o king_n prisoner_n the_o roman_n deny_v it_o because_o the_o gepidae_n be_v govern_v by_o a_o prince_n rather_o than_o by_o a_o king_n for_o that_o the_o kingdom_n be_v not_o patrimonial_a and_o therefore_o they_o conclude_v that_o he_o can_v not_o lose_v more_o than_o what_o be_v his_o own_o or_o it_o may_v also_o be_v gain_v as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o people_n and_o then_o the_o conqueror_n have_v as_o much_o power_n to_o alienate_v it_o as_o the_o people_n have_v and_o thus_o do_v some_o kingdom_n become_v patrimonial_a as_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o say_v 2._o book_n 1._o ch._n 3_o sect._n 2._o thus_o the_o persian_n in_o menander_n plead_v for_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o city_n daras_n for_o say_v they_o since_o the_o city_n daras_n itself_o be_v by_o the_o right_n of_o war_n subdue_v by_o we_o it_o be_v but_o reasonable_a that_o what_o belong_v to_o that_o city_n shall_v likewise_o be_v we_o 2._o procop._n vand._n 2._o so_o belisarius_n have_v conquer_v the_o vandal_n will_v have_v have_v lilybaeum_n in_o sicily_n yield_v up_o to_o the_o roman_n because_o as_o they_o pretend_v the_o goth_n have_v before_o give_v it_o to_o the_o vandal_n which_o the_o goth_n deny_v ii_o such_o a_o empire_n may_v be_v gain_v over_o the_o people_n as_o be_v mere_o despotical_a or_o a_o empire_n may_v be_v yet_o more_o absolute_o gain_v for_o such_o a_o government_n may_v by_o war_n be_v gain_v as_o that_o which_o be_v before_o a_o city_n may_v cease_v to_o be_v any_o more_o a_o city_n but_o be_v rather_o reduce_v as_o it_o be_v into_o a_o family_n which_o may_v be_v do_v either_o by_o add_v it_o unto_o another_o city_n as_o kingdom_n be_v by_o the_o roman_n annex_v to_o their_o empire_n as_o province_n or_o by_o annex_v it_o to_o no_o other_o city_n but_o by_o destroy_v its_o charter_n and_o null_v the_o government_n thereof_o as_o for_o example_n when_o a_o king_n maintain_v the_o war_n at_o his_o own_o proper_a charge_n do_v so_o enslave_v the_o people_n that_o in_o his_o government_n over_o they_o he_o mind_v his_o own_o private_a gain_n and_o interest_n only_o but_o neither_o their_o profit_n nor_o safety_n which_o kind_n of_o government_n be_v despotical_a and_o not_o civil_a aristotle_n thus_o distinguish_v they_o of_o empire_n 7._o de_fw-fr repub._n lib._n 7._o say_v he_o some_o be_v altogether_o fit_v to_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o prince_n other_o for_o the_o profit_n and_o safety_n of_o the_o subject_n this_o be_v proper_a to_o monarchy_n that_o to_o tyranny_n now_o the_o people_n that_o be_v hold_v under_o this_o kind_n of_o government_n be_v no_o long_o citizen_n but_o a_o multitude_n of_o servant_n in_o a_o great_a family_n it_o be_v well_o say_v of_o anaxandrida_fw-es servorum_fw-la nulla_fw-la est_fw-la usquam_fw-la civitas_n a_o multitude_n of_o slave_n can_v never_o constitute_v a_o city_n which_o distinction_n be_v allow_v of_o by_o tacitus_n 12._o annal._n lib._n 12._o he_o do_v not_o carry_v himself_o say_v he_o in_o his_o government_n as_o a_o lord_n over_o his_o slave_n but_o as_o be_v chief_a among_o his_o fellow_n citizen_n so_o xenophon_n of_o agesilaus_n what_o city_n soever_o he_o reduce_v under_o his_o obedience_n he_o make_v free_a by_o exempt_n they_o from_o the_o slavery_n which_o captive_n pay_v unto_o their_o lord_n and_o by_o content_v himself_o with_o that_o obedience_n that_o a_o free_a people_n do_v willing_o yield_v unto_o their_o natural_a prince_n iii_o a_o mix_a government_n be_v sometime_o get_v by_o war._n whence_o we_o may_v understand_v the_o nature_n of_o a_o mix_a monarchy_n that_o be_v between_o that_o which_o be_v despotical_a and_o that_o which_o be_v civil_a as_o namely_o when_o our_o servitude_n be_v mix_v with_o some_o kind_n of_o personal_a liberty_n thus_o we_o read_v that_o to_o some_o people_n the_o use_n of_o arm_n be_v forbid_v by_o the_o conqueror_n and_o that_o no_o iron_n shall_v be_v wrought_v into_o any_o thing_n but_o such_o instrument_n only_o as_o be_v necessary_a for_o plough_v the_o earth_n and_o such_o like_a so_o some_o people_n be_v conquer_v be_v enforce_v to_o change_v their_o language_n other_o to_o alter_v the_o whole_a course_n of_o their_o life_n and_o the_o like_a iv_o that_o even_o the_o incorporeal_a thing_n of_o the_o people_n may_v be_v by_o a_o war_n gain_v now_o as_o whatsoever_o any_o particular_a prisoner_n have_v when_o he_o be_v take_v be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o arm_n he_o or_o they_o that_o take_v he_o so_o whatsoever_o belong_v to_o the_o people_n in_o general_n be_v he_o or_o they_o that_o subdue_v they_o if_o they_o will_v take_v
postliminy_n xi_o how_o servant_n be_v receive_v by_o postliminy_n how_o fugitive_n and_o how_o they_o that_o be_v redeem_v among_o which_o in_o the_o first_o place_n be_v bondman_n and_o bondwoman_n yea_o even_o such_o ofttimes_o as_o have_v be_v alienate_v and_o such_o as_o have_v be_v set_v at_o liberty_n by_o the_o enemy_n because_o as_o it_o be_v very_o well_o note_v by_o tryphoninus_n it_o be_v not_o just_a that_o his_o former_a master_n be_v our_o citizen_n shall_v be_v damnify_v by_o the_o right_n of_o a_o enemy_n by_o a_o edict_n of_o king_n theuderick_n it_o be_v ordain_v that_o servant_n and_o tenant_n be_v take_v by_o the_o enemy_n and_o return_v home_o shall_v be_v restore_v to_o their_o own_o lord_n if_o they_o be_v not_o before_o buy_v by_o some_o other_o from_o the_o enemy_n by_o way_n of_o traffic_n but_o by_o the_o wise_a gothick_n law_n a_o servant_n recover_v by_o war_n be_v restore_v to_o his_o master_n he_o pay_v unto_o he_o that_o take_v he_o the_o three_o part_n of_o his_o just_a price_n but_o in_o case_n the_o servant_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o enemy_n than_o be_v the_o lord_n to_o pay_v the_o full_a price_n for_o which_o he_o be_v sell_v with_o some_o advantage_n therefore_o that_o a_o servant_n may_v be_v capable_a of_o reception_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o his_o old_a master_n shall_v be_v either_o actual_o possess_v of_o he_o or_o at_o least_o that_o the_o servant_n be_v where_o he_o may_v easy_o have_v he_o if_o he_o so_o please_v and_o therefore_o whereas_o in_o other_o thing_n it_o may_v suffice_v that_o they_o be_v bring_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o our_o own_o territory_n this_o be_v not_o sufficient_a in_o a_o servant_n to_o receive_v the_o right_n of_o postliminy_n unless_o it_o be_v also_o make_v know_v to_o his_o master_n that_o he_o be_v there_o for_o as_o paulus_n say_v if_o he_o lie_v skulk_a in_o rome_n and_o will_v not_o be_v see_v nor_o know_v to_o be_v there_o he_o be_v not_o yet_o receive_v by_o this_o law_n and_o as_o herein_o servant_n differ_v from_o thing_n inanimate_a so_o do_v they_o from_o the_o case_n of_o a_o freeman_n in_o this_o that_o it_o be_v not_o require_v in_o they_o to_o make_v they_o capable_a of_o be_v receive_v that_o they_o shall_v return_v with_o a_o intent_n to_o follow_v the_o fortune_n of_o the_o city_n whereunto_o they_o return_v for_o this_o be_v require_v from_o he_o only_o that_o be_v to_o receive_v his_o own_o freedom_n and_o not_o of_o he_o that_o be_v to_o be_v receive_v by_o another_o sabinus_n sabinus_n for_o every_o man_n have_v a_o free_a power_n to_o make_v himself_o a_o member_n of_o what_o city_n he_o please_v but_o not_o of_o the_o right_n of_o dominion_n neither_o do_v the_o roman_a law_n exempt_a fugitive_n fugitive_n fugitive_n servant_n from_o this_o right_n of_o reception_n for_o even_o in_o these_o may_v their_o old_a master_n claim_v their_o right_n as_o paulus_n note_n lest_o if_o we_o shall_v admit_v the_o contrary_a it_o shall_v prove_v injurious_a not_o to_o the_o servant_n who_o nevertheless_o be_v still_o to_o remain_v a_o servant_n but_o to_o the_o master_n who_o will_v want_v his_o service_n but_o general_o concern_v such_o captive_n as_o be_v redeem_v by_o the_o valour_n of_o soldier_n that_o may_v be_v true_o say_v by_o their_o general_n which_o some_o will_v so_o wrest_v as_o if_o it_o be_v mean_v of_o all_o thing_n receptos_fw-la eos_fw-la non_fw-la captos_fw-la judicare_fw-la debemus_fw-la &_o militem_fw-la nostrum_fw-la defensorem_fw-la eorum_fw-la decet_fw-la esse_fw-la non_fw-la dominum_fw-la we_o be_v to_o esteem_v of_o these_o not_o as_o take_v but_o receive_v who_o we_o ought_v rather_o to_o defend_v and_o protect_v than_o insult_v over_o those_o captive_n that_o be_v ransom_v from_o the_o enemy_n be_v by_o the_o roman_a law_n they_o that_o redeem_v they_o but_o the_o sum_n pay_v be_v tender_v they_o be_v understand_v to_o be_v by_o postliminy_n receive_v but_o by_o the_o more_o recent_a law_n some_o thing_n have_v be_v change_v and_o that_o servant_n be_v take_v may_v be_v encourage_v to_o return_v they_o now_o propose_v present_a liberty_n to_o such_o as_o have_v be_v maim_v in_o their_o service_n and_o to_o the_o rest_n after_o five_o year_n as_o appear_v by_o their_o military_a law_n collect_v by_o rufus_n xii_o whether_o a_o people_n be_v subject_v by_o another_o may_v be_v receive_v by_o postliminy_n but_o unto_o we_o that_o be_v dutchman_n this_o question_n be_v more_o pertinent_a whether_o those_o people_n that_o be_v once_o subject_v to_o the_o power_n of_o another_o prince_n may_v return_v back_o to_o their_o former_a state_n and_o condition_n which_o will_v admit_v of_o a_o dispute_n in_o case_n not_o he_o who_o the_o empire_n have_v be_v but_o some_o other_o of_o their_o associate_n have_v recover_v they_o from_o the_o enemy_n whereunto_o the_o same_o answer_n i_o conceive_v may_v serve_v that_o be_v before_o give_v concern_v servant_n unless_o by_o some_o social_n league_n it_o be_v otherwise_o agree_v xâ—â—i_fw-la whether_o land_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v receive_v among_o thing_n that_o be_v receive_v by_o this_o right_n of_o postliminy_n the_o first_o that_o offer_v themselves_o be_v land_n whereof_o pomponius_n speak_v thus_o expulsis_fw-la hostibus_fw-la ex_fw-la agris_fw-la quos_fw-la ceperint_fw-la dominia_fw-la eorum_fw-la ad_fw-la priores_fw-la dominos_fw-la redeunt_fw-la the_o enemy_n be_v drive_v out_o the_o land_n return_v to_o their_o former_a owner_n now_o the_o enemy_n be_v then_o say_v to_o be_v drive_v out_o when_o it_o appear_v plain_o that_o they_o be_v not_o able_a to_o recover_v it_o again_o thus_o the_o island_n aegina_n which_o the_o lacedaemonian_n take_v from_o the_o athenian_n they_o restore_v to_o their_o associate_n who_o be_v the_o ancient_a lord_n thereof_o 7._o compare_v this_o with_o what_o be_v say_v above_o ch_z 6._o §._o 7._o and_o the_o goth_n and_o vandal_n be_v expel_v justinian_n and_o the_o emperor_n succeed_v restore_v the_o land_n unto_o the_o heir_n of_o those_o who_o ancient_o possess_v it_o notwithstanding_o those_o prescription_n which_o in_o other_o case_n the_o roman_a law_n do_v admit_v of_o against_o they_o the_o very_a same_o be_v confirm_v by_o a_o law_n make_v by_o honorius_n who_o though_o spain_n have_v be_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o vandal_n for_o three_o hundred_o year_n 1._o vand._n l._n 1._o yet_o will_v not_o permit_v that_o any_o prescription_n shall_v be_v plead_v in_o bar_n against_o the_o ancient_a occupant_n 2._o council_n his_o pal_z 2._o as_o procopius_n testify_v which_o law_n we_o find_v also_o recite_v in_o the_o council_n of_o sivil_a where_o this_o be_v add_v as_o the_o reason_n non_fw-la enim_fw-la erit_fw-la objicienda_fw-la praescriptio_fw-la temporis_fw-la ubi_fw-la necessitas_fw-la interest_n hostilitatis_fw-la for_o no_o prescription_n of_o time_n be_v to_o be_v plead_v which_o be_v enforce_v by_o open_a hostility_n now_o look_v what_o right_o they_o have_v to_o the_o land_n the_o same_o also_o they_o have_v to_o every_o thing_n that_o be_v affix_v to_o the_o soil_n for_o even_o those_o place_n which_o have_v be_v former_o hold_v as_o sacred_a or_o religious_a be_v take_v by_o enemy_n if_o they_o do_v escape_v that_o calamity_n they_o also_o as_o if_o return_v by_o a_o kind_n of_o postliminy_n shall_v be_v restore_v to_o their_o former_a condition_n as_o pomponius_n note_v wherewith_o agree_v that_o of_o cicero_n concern_v diana_n in_o segesta_n p._n africani_n virtute_fw-la religonem_fw-la simul_fw-la cum_fw-la loco_fw-la recuperavit_fw-la by_o the_o valour_n of_o scipio_n africanus_n diana_n recover_v both_o her_o temple_n and_o worship_n wherefore_o the_o fruit_n and_o profit_n of_o the_o ground_n thus_o receive_v be_v likewise_o to_o be_v restore_v according_a to_o what_o pomponius_n write_v concern_v land_n first_o drown_v and_o afterward_o recover_v so_o in_o spain_n it_o be_v provide_v by_o a_o law_n that_o as_o well_o the_o honour_n and_o dignity_n as_o all_o the_o hereditary_a jurisdiction_n thereunto_o belong_v may_v return_v by_o postliminy_n the_o great_a at_o any_o time_n the_o lesser_a if_o claim_n be_v lay_v unto_o they_o within_o four_o year_n after_o their_o reception_n unless_o it_o be_v some_o strong_a fort_n which_o if_o lose_v and_o recover_v again_o be_v the_o king_n fourteen_o what_o difference_n be_v ancient_o make_v between_o thing_n movable_a concern_v moveable_n the_o general_a rule_n be_v quite_o contrary_a for_o they_o do_v not_o return_v by_o postliminy_n but_o be_v utter_o lose_v as_o be_v lawful_a prize_n and_o may_v therefore_o be_v buy_v and_o sell_v wheresoever_o they_o be_v find_v they_o be_v adjudge_v his_o that_o buy_v they_o neither_o have_v the_o first_o owner_n any_o right_n at_o all_o to_o they_o though_o he_o find_v they_o either_o abroad_o among_o neuter_n or_o at_o home_n in_o his_o own_o country_n but_o
from_o this_o general_a rule_n we_o find_v that_o in_o ancient_a time_n such_o thing_n as_o be_v of_o use_n in_o war_n be_v except_v which_o seem_v to_o be_v agree_v unto_o by_o the_o nation_n for_o this_o reason_n that_o the_o hope_n of_o recover_v such_o thing_n to_o themselves_o may_v render_v they_o the_o more_o cheerful_a and_o industrious_a in_o regain_n they_o for_o the_o law_n of_o most_o city_n in_o those_o time_n be_v make_v for_o the_o encouragement_n of_o valour_n and_o in_o favour_n to_o military_a affair_n wherefore_o their_o consent_n be_v easy_o gain_v what_o thing_n be_v account_v useful_a in_o war_n we_o have_v already_o sum_v up_o out_o of_o gallus_n aelius_n but_o we_o find_v they_o more_o accurate_o set_v down_o as_o well_o by_o cicero_n in_o his_o topic_n as_o by_o modestinus_n as_o namely_o ship_n that_o be_v long_a and_o fit_a for_o burden_n but_o not_o such_o as_o be_v make_v for_o pleasure_n mule_n but_o such_o as_o be_v accustom_v to_o the_o packsaddle_n horse_n and_o mare_n but_o such_o as_o will_v abide_v the_o bit_n and_o be_v fit_a for_o service_n arm_n also_o and_o apparel_n be_v of_o necessary_a use_n in_o war_n but_o these_o do_v not_o return_v by_o postliminy_n because_o they_o be_v think_v to_o merit_v no_o favour_n at_o all_o who_o will_v suffer_v their_o weapon_n and_o garment_n to_o be_v take_v from_o they_o nay_o it_o be_v account_v as_o a_o crime_n that_o deserve_v punishment_n as_o may_v every_o where_o appear_v in_o history_n and_o herein_o we_o may_v observe_v the_o difference_n they_o make_v between_o horse_n and_o arm_n the_o one_o be_v capable_a of_o reception_n the_o other_o not_o because_o possible_a it_o be_v that_o a_o horse_n may_v break_v loose_a of_o himself_o and_o so_o fall_v within_o the_o enemy_n power_n without_o any_o default_n of_o his_o rider_n but_o so_o can_v not_o arms._n and_o this_o difference_n between_o moveable_n seem_v to_o have_v continue_v in_o use_n from_o the_o goth_n until_o boëtius_n live_v who_o expound_v cicero_n topic_n seem_v to_o speak_v of_o this_o right_n as_o if_o it_o be_v in_o force_n at_o that_o day_n xv._o what_o at_o this_o day_n but_o in_o these_o latter_a time_n if_o not_o before_o this_o difference_n be_v take_v away_o for_o now_o no_o moveable_n do_v return_v by_o postliminy_n as_o have_v be_v observe_v by_o those_o who_o be_v most_o expert_a in_o the_o custom_n of_o nation_n and_o the_o same_o custom_n be_v for_o ship_n as_o we_o may_v perceive_v in_o many_o place_n xvi_o what_o thing_n be_v receive_v that_o need_n no_o postliminy_n but_o those_o thing_n which_o though_o take_v by_o the_o enemy_n yet_o be_v never_o within_o their_o garrison_n have_v no_o need_n of_o postliminy_n because_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n the_o owner_n never_o lose_v his_o property_n in_o they_o the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v of_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v take_v by_o thief_n and_o pirate_n because_o as_o ulpian_n and_o javelinus_n answer_n the_o law_n of_o nation_n never_o grant_v unto_o they_o a_o power_n to_o alter_v the_o property_n of_o what_o they_o get_v upon_o which_o ground_n it_o be_v that_o the_o athenian_n be_v willing_a to_o accept_v of_o the_o island_n halonesus_n which_o some_o pirate_n have_v take_v from_o they_o as_o king_n philip_n do_v from_o those_o pirate_n as_o of_o a_o thing_n restore_v by_o philip_n but_o not_o as_o of_o a_o thing_n give_v they_o as_o will_v appear_v by_o the_o very_a epistle_n of_o king_n philip_n record_v by_o demosthenes_n and_o therefore_o thing_n so_o take_v wheresoever_o they_o be_v find_v may_v be_v claim_v only_o what_o out_o of_o equity_n we_o have_v already_o conclude_v to_o be_v just_a so_o much_o aught_o to_o be_v allow_v he_o who_o at_o his_o own_o charge_n have_v possess_v himself_o of_o they_o as_o may_v be_v conceive_v it_o will_v have_v cost_v the_o first_o owner_n themselves_o to_o have_v recover_v they_o xvii_o some_o alteration_n may_v be_v make_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n as_o to_o their_o own_o subject_n now_o though_o it_o be_v thus_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n yet_o may_v the_o civil_a law_n otherwise_o determine_v it_o as_o in_o spain_n the_o ship_n that_o be_v take_v from_o pirate_n be_v they_o that_o take_v they_o so_o also_o they_o be_v among_o the_o venetian_n neither_o be_v it_o unreasonable_a that_o a_o private_a thing_n shall_v give_v way_n to_o public_a profit_n especial_o where_o the_o recovery_n of_o they_o must_v necessary_o be_v accompany_v with_o so_o much_o difficulty_n but_o yet_o this_o law_n can_v be_v no_o plea_n against_o stranger_n who_o may_v notwithstanding_o challenge_v their_o own_o thing_n xviii_o how_o postliminy_n be_v observe_v among_o such_o as_o be_v not_o enemy_n but_o stranger_n but_o that_o which_o be_v more_o to_o be_v admire_v be_v that_o which_o the_o roman_a law_n do_v testify_v namely_o that_o this_o right_n of_o postliminy_n take_v place_n not_o only_o between_o enemy_n but_o even_o between_o the_o roman_n and_o stranger_n but_o sure_o this_o as_o i_o say_v elsewhere_o 5._o elsewhere_o see_v second_o book_n ch_n 15._o §._o 5._o be_v but_o a_o relic_n of_o that_o barbarous_a age_n wherein_o the_o general_a corruption_n of_o man_n manner_n have_v take_v away_o all_o sense_n of_o that_o natural_a society_n that_o shall_v be_v between_o all_o mankind_n and_o therefore_o among_o nation_n that_o have_v no_o public_a war_n one_o against_o another_o there_o be_v practise_v among_o private_a man_n a_o certain_a licence_n of_o war_n which_o their_o different_a language_n and_o manner_n seem_v to_o denounce_v which_o licence_n that_o it_o may_v not_o swell_v so_o high_a as_o to_o kill_v each_o other_o it_o please_v the_o nation_n to_o limit_v and_o to_o agree_v that_o they_o that_o be_v take_v on_o either_o side_n be_v stranger_n shall_v be_v hold_v as_o slave_n and_o consequent_o they_o introduce_v the_o law_n of_o postliminy_n which_o put_v a_o difference_n between_o stranger_n and_o robber_n or_o pirate_n because_o stranger_n do_v usual_o agree_v upon_o equal_a condition_n which_o pirate_n and_o robber_n disdain_v it_o seem_v that_o of_o old_a it_o have_v be_v a_o case_n much_o controvert_v whether_o if_o the_o subject_n of_o a_o confederate_a nation_n be_v slave_n here_o shall_v escape_v from_o we_o and_o get_v home_o they_o may_v be_v say_v to_o return_v by_o postliminy_n this_o question_n we_o find_v propose_v by_o cicero_n concern_v which_o gallus_n aelius_n deliver_v his_o opinion_n thus_o we_o say_v he_o orat_fw-la lib._n 1._o de_fw-la orat_fw-la observe_v the_o same_o right_n of_o postliminy_n with_o a_o free_a people_n with_o confederate_n and_o with_o king_n as_o we_o do_v with_o enemy_n but_o proculus_n opinion_n be_v quite_o contrary_a i_o doubt_v not_o say_v he_o but_o that_o both_o our_o confederate_n and_o they_o that_o be_v a_o free_a nation_n be_v all_o stranger_n unto_o we_o between_o they_o and_o we_o there_o be_v no_o postliminy_n we_o be_v therefore_o to_o distinguish_v of_o league_n for_o if_o any_o league_n be_v make_v on_o purpose_n only_o to_o put_v a_o end_n or_o to_o prevent_v open_a war_n those_o league_n do_v not_o for_o the_o time_n to_o come_v hinder_v either_o the_o take_n of_o prisoner_n or_o the_o right_n of_o postliminy_n but_o if_o in_o the_o article_n of_o the_o league_n it_o be_v express_v that_o the_o subject_n of_o either_o nation_n may_v upon_o the_o public_a faith_n safe_o travel_v or_o sojourn_v in_o the_o other_o dominion_n than_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a to_o take_v prisoner_n on_o either_o side_n and_o so_o there_o be_v no_o place_n for_o postliminy_n and_o this_o i_o take_v to_o be_v the_o meaning_n of_o pomponius_n where_o he_o say_v if_o there_o be_v a_o nation_n with_o who_o we_o have_v neither_o friendship_n nor_o hospitality_n nor_o league_n make_v for_o friendship_n sake_n these_o indeed_o be_v not_o enemy_n but_o yet_o whatsoever_o of_o we_o come_v to_o they_o be_v they_o and_o a_o man_n that_o be_v free_a with_o we_o be_v take_v by_o they_o be_v make_v their_o slave_n and_o it_o be_v the_o same_o if_o any_o thing_n come_v from_o they_o to_o we_o and_o therefore_o in_o this_o case_n postliminy_n be_v grant_v in_o mention_v a_o league_n make_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o friendship_n he_o show_v that_o there_o may_v be_v league_n that_o have_v no_o right_a either_o of_o friendship_n or_o hospitality_n and_o proculus_n sufficient_o declare_v that_o by_o a_o people_n confederate_v he_o understand_v such_o a_o people_n as_o have_v promise_v friendship_n and_o safe_a hospitality_n where_o he_o subjoin_v these_o word_n for_o what_o need_n be_v there_o of_o postliminy_n between_o we_o and_o they_o when_o they_o may_v equal_o retain_v as_o well_o their_o own_o liberty_n as_o property_n in_o their_o own_o thing_n with_o we_o as_o
his_o kingdom_n i_o know_v not_o but_o yet_o such_o the_o case_n may_v be_v that_o such_o a_o king_n have_v no_o power_n to_o alienate_v any_o part_n thereof_o as_o if_o he_o receive_v the_o whole_a as_o his_o propriety_n upon_o this_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v not_o divide_v it_o but_o as_o concern_v those_o thing_n which_o be_v call_v the_o good_n of_o the_o kingdom_n these_o may_v also_o become_v the_o king_n patrimony_n two_o way_n either_o as_o separable_a from_o the_o kingdom_n or_o as_o inseparable_o unite_v unto_o it_o if_o this_o latter_a way_n they_o may_v be_v transcribe_v 15._o see_v bo._n 2._o ch_n 15._o but_o not_o unless_o with_o the_o kingdom_n if_o the_o former_a they_o may_v be_v alienate_v without_o it_o but_o such_o king_n whosâ—_n kingdom_n be_v not_o patrimonial_a can_v hardly_o be_v permit_v to_o alienate_v the_o good_n of_o the_o kingdom_n unless_o it_o evident_o appear_v by_o some_o primitive_a law_n or_o by_o a_o continue_a and_o uninterrupted_a custom_n that_o they_o may_v do_v it_o vi_o how_o far_o the_o people_n and_o successor_n be_v oblige_v by_o a_o peace_n make_v by_o the_o king_n but_o how_o far_o forth_o the_o promise_n of_o a_o king_n shall_v bind_v his_o subject_n and_o successor_n have_v already_o be_v declare_v etc._n declare_v see_v bo._n 2._o ch_n 3._o §._o 10_o etc._n etc._n namely_o so_o far_o as_o the_o power_n obligatory_a be_v comprehend_v in_o that_o government_n which_o shall_v be_v neither_o infinite_a nor_o empale_v within_o in_o too_o narrow_a bound_n but_o to_o extend_v so_o far_o only_o as_o in_o probable_a reason_n it_o shall_v be_v find_v convenient_a but_o in_o case_n the_o king_n be_v absolute_a lord_n 2._o lord_n see_v bo._n 3._o ch_n 8._o §._o 2._o over_o his_o people_n as_o have_v at_o his_o own_o charge_n conquer_v he_o and_o so_o hold_v they_o under_o a_o government_n mere_o despotical_a and_o not_o civil_a or_o if_o he_o have_v gain_v the_o dominion_n not_o over_o their_o person_n but_o over_o their_o thing_n as_o pharaoh_n buy_v all_o that_o the_o egyptian_n have_v for_o corn_n or_o as_o they_o that_o admit_v of_o stranger_n into_o their_o house_n to_o who_o they_o prescribe_v what_o law_n they_o please_v if_o i_o say_v the_o government_n be_v thus_o absolute_a than_o it_o be_v another_o thing_n for_o in_o this_o case_n beside_o that_o right_n which_o be_v regal_a there_o be_v a_o access_n of_o another_o right_n which_o make_v that_o justifyable_a which_o a_o bare_a regal_a power_n can_v not_o vii_o what_o power_n a_o king_n have_v over_o his_o subject_n good_n to_o the_o make_n of_o peace_n but_o here_o there_o usual_o arise_v another_o question_n namely_o what_o right_a king_n have_v over_o the_o estate_n of_o private_a man_n in_o order_n to_o the_o establish_n of_o peace_n as_o have_v no_o other_o right_n to_o that_o which_o particular_o belong_v to_o his_o subject_n than_o what_o he_o have_v as_o a_o king_n that_o the_o thing_n belong_v to_o subject_n be_v under_o the_o supereminent_a power_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n whereof_o they_o be_v a_o part_n we_o have_v already_o prove_v so_o that_o that_o commonwealth_n or_o he_o that_o exercise_v the_o supreme_a power_n in_o it_o have_v a_o right_a to_o make_v use_n thereof_o either_o by_o even_o destroy_v they_o or_o by_o alienate_v they_o and_o that_o not_o only_o in_o a_o case_n of_o extreme_a necessity_n which_o be_v even_o between_o private_a man_n justifyable_a but_o when_o it_o extend_v even_o to_o the_o good_a of_o the_o public_a which_o be_v always_o to_o be_v prefer_v before_o any_o private_a man_n by_o the_o general_a consent_n of_o those_o who_o first_o enter_v into_o civil_a society_n which_o notwithstanding_o be_v so_o to_o be_v understand_v that_o the_o whole_a commonwealth_n be_v oblige_v to_o repair_v the_o damage_n that_o shall_v befall_v any_o of_o her_o subject_n or_o citizen_n by_o reason_n of_o any_o such_o spoil_n or_o alienation_n out_o of_o their_o public_a stock_n or_o by_o a_o public_a contribution_n whereunto_o even_o he_o who_o have_v sustain_v the_o loss_n shall_v if_o need_v be_v pay_v his_o proportion_n neither_o shall_v that_o city_n or_o commonwealth_n stand_v discharge_v from_o this_o obligation_n although_o at_o present_a it_o be_v not_o able_a to_o satisfy_v it_o for_o whensoever_o that_o city_n shall_v be_v enable_v this_o sleep_a obligation_n may_v rise_v up_o against_o it_o viii_o but_o what_o if_o the_o thing_n be_v already_o lose_v by_o war._n neither_o can_v i_o here_o general_o admit_v of_o the_o opinion_n of_o vasquius_fw-la namely_o that_o the_o city_n be_v not_o oblige_v to_o repair_v the_o damage_n of_o her_o citizen_n sustain_v by_o the_o war_n because_o such_o damage_n be_v by_o the_o licence_n of_o war_n permit_v for_o this_o right_n of_o war_n have_v only_a respect_n to_o the_o people_n of_o several_a nation_n as_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o explain_v it_o 2._o it_o bo._n 3._o ch_n 6._o §._o 2._o and_o partly_o to_o such_o as_o be_v in_o open_a hostility_n among_o themselves_o but_o not_o to_o citizen_n among_o themselves_o who_o be_v mutual_o associate_v and_o equal_o engage_v in_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o city_n shall_v in_o equity_n esteem_v every_o man_n to_o be_v the_o common_a loss_n but_o yet_o doubtless_o it_o may_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v so_o ordain_v that_o no_o action_n shall_v lie_v against_o such_o a_o city_n for_o any_o damage_n sustain_v by_o the_o war_n to_o the_o end_n that_o every_o man_n may_v be_v the_o more_o watchful_a and_o resolute_a to_o defend_v his_o own_o ix_o no_o difference_n between_o thing_n get_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o thing_n get_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n some_o there_o be_v that_o place_n a_o vast_a difference_n between_o those_o thing_n which_o belong_v to_o subject_n acco_n ding_o to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v they_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n gra_fw-mi thing_fw-mi a_o large_a right_n to_o the_o king_n in_o take_v away_o these_o without_o either_o cause_n or_o recompense_n but_o not_o so_o in_o the_o former_a but_o erroneous_o for_o a_o right_n of_o dominion_n however_o lawful_o gain_v have_v always_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n its_o proper_a effect_n that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o it_o can_v be_v take_v away_o unless_o it_o be_v for_o such_o cause_n as_o be_v natural_o inherent_a in_o dominion_n itself_o or_o such_o as_o arise_v from_o some_o fact_n do_v by_o he_o that_o be_v the_o right_a owner_n x._o what_o be_v do_v by_o a_o king_n be_v take_v by_o foreigner_n to_o be_v do_v for_o a_o public_a good_a now_o this_o care_n and_o inspection_n that_o the_o thing_n of_o private_a person_n be_v not_o alienate_v unless_o it_o be_v for_o a_o public_a benefit_n appertain_v to_o the_o king_n and_o to_o the_o subject_n as_o that_o of_o repair_v of_o damage_n do_v to_o the_o city_n and_o each_o particular_a citizen_n for_o the_o bare_a fact_n of_o the_o king_n be_v sufficient_a to_o stranger_n that_o contract_v with_o he_o not_o only_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o presumption_n which_o the_o dignity_n of_o his_o person_n bring_v with_o it_o but_o also_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n which_o permit_v the_o good_n of_o subject_n to_o stand_v oblige_v by_o the_o fact_n of_o the_o king_n xi_o a_o general_a rule_n for_o the_o interpret_n of_o article_n of_o peace_n but_o as_o to_o the_o right_a understanding_n of_o the_o article_n of_o peace_n what_o we_o have_v say_v before_o must_v here_o also_o be_v observe_v 12._o observe_v see_v bo._n 2._o c._n 16._o §._o 12._o the_o more_o of_o grace_n and_o favour_v any_o article_n contain_v the_o more_o extensive_o it_o shall_v be_v take_v and_o the_o more_o of_o rigour_n it_o have_v the_o more_o restrictive_o it_o shall_v be_v understand_v if_o we_o look_v at_o the_o bare_a law_n of_o nature_n the_o great_a favour_n that_o can_v be_v grant_v seem_v to_o be_v this_o that_o every_o man_n shall_v enjoy_v his_o own_o wherefore_o where_o the_o article_n be_v ambiguous_a such_o a_o interpretation_n shall_v be_v admit_v as_o may_v lead_v we_o to_o this_o sense_n that_o he_o that_o undertake_v a_o just_a war_n shall_v receive_v what_o he_o fight_v for_o together_o with_o his_o cost_n and_o damage_n but_o not_o that_o he_o shall_v get_v any_o thing_n more_o by_o way_n of_o punishment_n for_o this_o savour_n of_o rigour_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v restrain_v but_o because_o a_o bare_a acknowledgement_n of_o wrong_n do_v seldom_o procure_v a_o last_a peace_n therefore_o in_o article_n of_o peace_n such_o a_o interpretation_n shall_v be_v admit_v as_o may_v according_a to_o the_o justice_n of_o war_n make_v the_o balance_n on_o both_o side_n even_o which_o may_v be_v do_v two_o way_n either_o by_o a_o equal_a composure_n of_o
polybius_n note_v rather_o carry_v himself_o like_o a_o conqueror_n 16._o lib._n 16._o than_o think_v himself_o one_o 29.40_o lib._n 29.40_o and_o as_o to_o those_o other_o thing_n which_o as_o well_o livy_n in_o several_a place_n as_o the_o author_n before_o recite_v do_v set_v down_o as_o sign_n of_o victory_n as_o the_o take_n of_o the_o spoil_n the_o grant_v leave_n to_o bury_v the_o dead_a and_o the_o offering_n battle_n a_o second_o time_n these_o though_o they_o carry_v some_o show_n of_o victory_n yet_o of_o themselves_o prove_v nothing_o but_o as_o they_o be_v back_v with_o other_o more_o demonstrative_a agument_n of_o the_o enemy_n flight_n plutarch_n concern_v agesilaus_n write_v thus_o have_v give_v the_o enemy_n leave_v to_o bury_v their_o dead_a and_o thereby_o gain_v to_o himself_o the_o honour_n of_o be_v conqueror_n he_o go_v to_o delphos_n so_o the_o same_o plutarch_n in_o the_o life_n of_o nicias_n prove_v both_o by_o law_n and_o custom_n that_o he_o who_o crave_v leave_v to_o bury_v his_o dead_a seem_v thereby_o to_o disclaim_v the_o victory_n neither_o have_v they_o that_o crave_v this_o leave_n any_o right_n at_o all_o to_o erect_v trophy_n but_o this_o as_o i_o have_v already_o say_v be_v no_o infallible_a sign_n of_o victory_n and_o yet_o where_o the_o victory_n be_v otherwise_o doubtful_a he_o that_o first_o depart_v the_o field_n may_v more_o probable_o be_v think_v to_o fly_v than_o he_o that_o keep_v it_o but_o where_o there_o be_v no_o certain_a sign_n of_o victory_n there_o every_o thing_n be_v to_o remain_v as_o before_o the_o fight_n and_o so_o both_o party_n be_v either_o to_o prosecute_v the_o war_n or_o to_o draw_v to_o a_o new_a agreement_n for_o peace_n xlvi_o war_n sometime_o determine_v by_o arbitration_n concern_v arbiter_n proculus_n inform_v we_o that_o they_o be_v of_o two_o sort_n whereof_o the_o one_o he_o make_v so_o authoritative_a that_o whether_o his_o award_n be_v just_a or_o unjust_a it_o must_v be_v obey_v which_o say_v he_o be_v to_o he_o observe_v whensoever_o both_o party_n do_v engage_v themselves_o to_o stand_v to_o the_o determination_n of_o a_o three_o person_n the_o other_o he_o make_v to_o be_v less_o bind_v as_o when_o both_o party_n be_v content_a to_o refer_v their_o case_n to_o be_v moderate_v by_o some_o indifferent_a person_n a_o example_n whereof_o we_o have_v in_o that_o answer_n of_o celsus_n if_o the_o servant_n be_v make_v free_a shall_v swear_v to_o perform_v such_o service_n as_o his_o patron_n shall_v think_v fit_a to_o impose_v upon_o he_o the_o imposition_n of_o the_o patron_n shall_v not_o be_v bind_v unless_o what_o he_o impose_v be_v equal_a but_o this_o interpretation_n of_o a_o oath_n though_o haply_o it_o may_v be_v warrant_v by_o the_o roman_a law_n yet_o can_v it_o not_o agree_v with_o the_o plain_a and_o genuine_a sense_n of_o the_o word_n simple_o take_v but_o yet_o this_o be_v very_o true_a that_o the_o word_n arbiter_n may_v be_v take_v in_o both_o sense_n either_o for_o a_o moderator_n only_o such_o as_o the_o athenian_n be_v between_o the_o rhodian_o and_o demetrius_n or_o for_o a_o absolute_a judge_n who_o sentence_n must_v be_v obey_v and_o in_o this_o sense_n we_o here_o take_v it_o as_o also_o we_o do_v elsewhere_o treat_v of_o the_o mean_n how_o to_o prevent_v a_o war._n 22._o lib._n 2._o c._n 22._o and_o yet_o even_o against_o such_o arbiter_n to_o who_o award_n both_o party_n have_v mutual_o promise_v to_o stand_v it_o may_v be_v provide_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n as_o in_o some_o place_n it_o be_v that_o appeal_n shall_v be_v grant_v and_o bill_n of_o complaint_n admit_v but_o this_o can_v be_v between_o king_n or_o between_o nation_n for_o here_o can_v be_v no_o superior_a power_n that_o can_v either_o hinder_v or_o dissolve_v the_o oblige_a power_n of_o the_o promise_n and_o therefore_o whether_o the_o sentence_n be_v right_a or_o wrong_n we_o must_v be_v conclude_v by_o it_o so_o that_o what_o pliny_n sometime_o say_v may_v very_o fit_o be_v apply_v hither_o hist_o praef._n nat._n hist_o summum_fw-la cuique_fw-la causae_fw-la suae_fw-la judicem_fw-la facit_fw-la quemcunque_fw-la elegit_fw-la every_o man_n make_v he_o to_o who_o he_o refer_v himself_o the_o supreme_a judge_n of_o his_o own_o cause_n this_o also_o we_o must_v add_v that_o it_o be_v one_o thing_n to_o discourse_v concern_v the_o duty_n of_o a_o arbiter_n what_o he_o ought_v to_o do_v and_o another_o thing_n to_o treat_v of_o their_o obligation_n that_o be_v content_a to_o refer_v their_o cause_n to_o such_o a_o arbitrement_n for_o as_o though_o there_o be_v a_o law_n among_o the_o city_n of_o italy_n that_o one_o kinsman_n shall_v not_o go_v to_o law_n with_o another_o but_o that_o all_o difference_n shall_v be_v determine_v by_o arbiter_n choose_v on_o purpose_n yet_o notwithstanding_o this_o law_n there_o be_v some_o case_n wherein_o they_o may_v refuse_v such_o a_o reference_n so_o also_o there_o may_v be_v some_o case_n and_o some_o reason_n why_o prince_n may_v refuse_v to_o put_v their_o difference_n to_o arbitrement_n among_o which_o this_o be_v not_o the_o least_o when_o no_o assurance_n can_v be_v give_v that_o the_o person_n refer_v will_v stand_v to_o the_o award_n quis_fw-la alterutrum_fw-la coget_fw-la nostrum_fw-la qui_fw-la conventis_fw-la stare_n noluerit_fw-la say_v augustus_n to_o mark_n anthony_n who_o shall_v compel_v he_o of_o we_o two_o that_o refuse_v to_o be_v determine_v by_o the_o sentence_n of_o our_o common_a judge_n or_o arbiter_n private_a man_n may_v be_v compel_v to_o stand_v to_o a_o agreement_n by_o the_o public_a magistrate_n but_o who_o shall_v compel_v prince_n that_o have_v no_o superior_a other_o reason_n also_o there_o may_v be_v 335._o albericus_fw-la gentilis_fw-la see_v pag._n 335._o as_o that_o of_o philip_n king_n of_o spain_n who_o refuse_v the_o pope_n to_o be_v arbitrator_n between_o himself_o and_o other_o competitor_n for_o the_o kingdom_n of_o portugal_n because_o the_o pope_n claim_v the_o decision_n of_o all_o such_o controversy_n as_o his_o right_n wherefore_o that_o prudent_a king_n be_v unwilling_a to_o add_v his_o own_o example_n to_o some_o ancient_a one_o whereby_o the_o pope_n may_v prove_v himself_o to_o be_v the_o sole_a arbiter_n of_o kingdom_n xlvii_o arbiter_n in_o case_n dubious_a tie_v up_o to_o law_n that_o which_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v in_o a_o arbiter_n be_v whether_o he_o be_v choose_v as_o a_o judge_n or_o as_o a_o moderator_n which_o be_v the_o proper_a office_n of_o a_o arbiter_n as_o seneca_n think_v where_o he_o tell_v we_o 7._o we_o lib._n 2._o the_o benef_n c._n 7._o that_o a_o good_a cause_n be_v better_a refer_v to_o a_o judge_n than_o to_o a_o arbiter_n melior_fw-la videtur_fw-la conditio_fw-la bonae_fw-la causae_fw-la si_fw-la ad_fw-la judicem_fw-la quam_fw-la si_fw-la ad_fw-la arbitrum_fw-la mittitur_fw-la because_o a_o judge_n have_v a_o constant_a rule_n to_o walk_v by_o which_o he_o must_v not_o transgress_v whereas_o a_o arbiter_n be_v free_v from_o the_o shackle_n of_o the_o law_n have_v liberty_n to_o judge_v according_a to_o equity_n and_o good_a conscience_n and_o therefore_o can_v either_o add_v or_o detract_v from_o the_o rigour_n of_o the_o law_n and_o give_v sentence_n not_o always_o as_o justice_n shall_v exact_v but_o sometime_o as_o pity_v and_o humanity_n shall_v direct_v 19_o rhet._n 1._o c._n 19_o aristotle_n reckon_v it_o as_o a_o duty_n of_o a_o honest_a and_o a_o frugal_a man_n to_o refer_v his_o cause_n to_o a_o indifferent_a arbiter_n rather_o than_o to_o a_o severe_a judge_n arbiter_n id_fw-la quod_fw-la aequum_fw-la est_fw-la respicit_fw-la judex_n legem_fw-la for_o a_o arbiter_n look_v at_o that_o which_o be_v righteous_a but_o a_o judge_n at_o that_o only_a which_o be_v legal_a and_o therefore_o be_v a_o arbiter_n make_v choice_n of_o to_o the_o end_n he_o may_v rebate_v the_o edge_n of_o the_o law_n or_o otherwise_o supply_v that_o wherein_o the_o law_n be_v defective_a what_o equity_n what_o for_o equity_n in_o this_o place_n do_v not_o signify_v as_o elsewhere_o that_o part_n of_o justice_n that_o expound_v the_o general_a word_n of_o the_o law_n near_o to_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o lawmaker_n for_o even_o this_o also_o be_v the_o office_n of_o a_o judge_n but_o every_o thing_n that_o be_v better_a do_v than_o not_o do_v although_o it_o be_v not_o according_a to_o the_o strict_a rule_n of_o justice_n proper_o so_o call_v but_o such_o arbiter_n as_o they_o be_v very_o frequent_a among_o private_a man_n that_o be_v fellow-citizen_n or_o subject_n to_o the_o same_o state_n and_o be_v high_o commend_v especial_o to_o we_o christian_n by_o st_n paul_n 1_o cor._n 6._o so_o in_o such_o case_n as_o be_v ambiguous_a we_o be_v not_o to_o allow_v they_o so_o much_o power_n as_o to_o determine_v of_o they_o for_o in_o these_o we_o be_v to_o
practice_n have_v over_o we_o to_o commend_v or_o discommend_v any_o thing_n to_o humane_a sense_n page_n 111_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o saint_n the_o best_a interpreter_n of_o christ_n precept_n page_v 25_o the_o six_o precept_n write_v to_o adam_n and_o noah_n page_n 110_o precept_n of_o christ_n for_o nonresistance_n in_o what_o sense_n page_n 33_o precept_n of_o the_o gospel_n whether_o contain_v in_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n page_n 16_o precept_n of_o the_o second_o table_n their_o order_n page_n 379_o prediction_n divine_a whether_o they_o confer_v a_o right_a page_n 411_o prayer_n and_o tear_n the_o best_a remedy_n against_o the_o tyranny_n of_o king_n page_n 47_o prey_n the_o custom_n of_o the_o greek_n roman_n french_a concern_v they_o 473_o 474._o sometime_o give_v to_o the_o soldier_n and_o why_o 475._o sometime_o to_o several_a use_n 477._o when_o this_o custom_n among_o the_o roman_n begin_v 479._o it_o may_v be_v dispose_v of_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n 478_o sometime_o to_o subject_n and_o associate_n ibid._n the_o ten_o consecrate_v to_o god_n 468._o approve_a of_o by_o god_n page_n 468_o 469_o to_o prey_n upon_o stranger_n ancient_o lawful_a page_n 182_o after_o prey_n to_o hunt_v before_o the_o victory_n be_v assure_v dangerous_a page_n 479_o present_v government_n to_o obey_v the_o duty_n of_o a_o good_a subject_a page_n 99_o preparation_n extraordinary_a for_o war_n a_o just_a cause_n of_o war_n page_n 383_o price_n of_o thing_n whence_o page_n 204_o by_o prescription_n title_n to_o empire_n may_v be_v get_v or_o lose_v 100_o 101._o yet_o not_o without_o some_o presumption_n of_o dereliction_n page_n 101_o prescription_n enforce_v by_o open_a hostility_n not_o good_a page_n 492_o by_o prescription_n may_v be_v lose_v what_o be_v separable_a from_o sovereignty_n 101._o whether_o king_n be_v bind_v by_o it_o ibid._n presumption_n sometime_o authoritative_a page_n 442_o priest_n not_o to_o be_v embroil_v in_o war_n 29._o exempt_v by_o the_o heathen_n 431._o to_o be_v spare_v in_o war_n 505._o not_o to_o marry_v a_o woman_n divorce_v a_o widow_n or_o a_o whâ—re_a page_n 105_o prince_n to_o abstain_v from_o war_n for_o the_o safety_n of_o their_o subject_n 418._o to_o regard_v their_o honour_n more_o than_o their_o power_n or_o profit_n ibid._n their_o life_n to_o be_v favourable_o censure_v 56._o not_o to_o be_v obey_v in_o thing_n contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o nature_n 427._o their_o vice_n to_o be_v bear_v with_o patience_n 56._o may_v alienate_v the_o people_n money_n for_o the_o public_a good_n yet_o satisfaction_n must_v be_v give_v 179_o 180._o better_a to_o forego_v somewhat_o of_o their_o right_n than_o harrass_n their_o country_n with_o intestine_a war_n page_n 99_o one_o prince_n may_v hold_v of_o another_o in_o fee_n and_o yet_o remain_v free_a and_o have_v supreme_a power_n page_n 66_o the_o prince_n elector_n consent_n include_v all_o the_o state_n in_o germany_n in_o any_o alienation_n page_n 119_o the_o prince_n of_o a_o free_a people_n may_v by_o force_n be_v restrain_v page_n 63_o a_o prince_n new_o make_v retain_v the_o same_o place_n which_o the_o people_n former_o do_v page_n 143_o principle_n of_o nature_n some_o by_o themselves_o manifest_a other_o by_o deduction_n page_n 385_o prisoner_n may_v be_v take_v for_o the_o debt_n of_o a_o society_n 447._o release_v upon_o their_o promise_n to_o return_v whether_o they_o may_v be_v compel_v to_o do_v so_o page_n 567_o 568_o prisoner_n they_o be_v when_o carry_v into_o the_o enemy_n garrison_n 470._o take_v by_o thief_n no_o slave_n page_n 451_o a_o prisoner_n release_v to_o release_v another_o he_o be_v dead_a be_v bind_v to_o pay_v his_o own_o ransom_n but_o not_o to_o return_v page_n 562_o a_o private_a man_n oblige_v himself_o to_o a_o enemy_n whether_o he_o do_v it_o against_o the_o commonwealth_n 566_o 567._o shall_v not_o attempt_v to_o judge_v what_o be_v the_o people_n page_n 66_o of_o private_a man_n kill_v their_o enemy_n example_n page_v 167_o 168_o etc._n etc._n whether_o for_o private_a christian_n to_o kill_v malefactor_n be_v lawful_a page_n 373_o a_o private_a man_n how_o far_o what_o he_o take_v he_o may_v make_v his_o own_o page_n 434_o 435_o private_a agreement_n with_o enemy_n when_o void_a and_o when_o oblige_a page_n 566_o 567_o a_o private_a cause_n in_o war_n may_v be_v join_v with_o a_o public_a page_n 66_o private_a man_n not_o engage_v natural_o for_o public_a debt_n far_o than_o proportion_n page_n 446_o private_a profit_n shall_v give_v place_n to_o public_a pref._n viij_o private_a man_n must_v be_v careful_a of_o themselves_o but_o prince_n of_o other_o page_n 495_o privilege_n how_o interpret_v 207_o 208._o which_o to_o be_v large_o interpret_v page_n 560_o prize_n see_v reprizal_n procreation_n beget_v a_o community_n in_o thing_n procreate_v page_n 138_o 139_o prodigal_a gift_n may_v be_v receive_v 154._o but_o when_o give_v by_o prince_n to_o the_o detriment_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n they_o may_v be_v revoke_v page_n 180_o profit_n to_o procure_v to_o another_o to_o spend_v somewhat_o of_o his_o no_o theft_n page_n 442_o profit_n common_a the_o ground_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n pref._n seven_o unnecessary_a no_o ground_n of_o war_n page_n 406_o prohibition_n do_v not_o always_o null_a the_o thing_n be_v do_v that_o be_v prohibit_v page_n 112_o promise_n all_o do_v not_o derogate_v from_o sovereign_a power_n 45._o to_o be_v bind_v they_o must_v be_v accept_v 155._o whether_o the_o acceptance_n shall_v be_v make_v know_v to_o the_o promiser_n ibid._n promise_n natural_o debt_n 154._o make_v by_o another_o bind_v ibid._n when_o such_o a_o promise_n may_v be_v revoke_v page_n 155_o a_o promise_v make_v whether_o revocable_a before_o accept_v or_o the_o person_n to_o who_o die_v before_o accept_v ibid._n a_o promise_n in_o itself_o invalid_a how_o it_o may_v be_v make_v good_a whether_o it_o may_v be_v revoke_v be_v by_o another_o accept_v 56._o make_v for_o the_o fact_n of_o another_o how_o far_o oblige_v ibid._n not_o to_o admit_v of_o this_o restriction_n thing_n remain_v as_o they_o be_v unless_o in_o one_o case_n 197._o make_v by_o oath_n bind_v not_o in_o two_o case_n 173._o some_o favourable_a some_o odious_a some_o mix_a page_n 192._o promise_v that_o more_o damnify_v the_o promiser_n than_o benefit_n the_o promise_a not_o to_o be_v perform_v when_o only_o true_a page_n 198_o in_o promise_v some_o case_n excuse_v the_o non-performance_n page_n 199_o promise_n to_o be_v understand_v as_o the_o word_n then_o signify_v if_o no_o other_o conjecture_n hinder_v page_n 191_o the_o promise_n of_o a_o king_n make_v to_o a_o three_o person_n in_o behalf_n of_o his_o subject_n bind_v page_n 540_o promise_n natural_o may_v transfer_v a_o right_n 150._o make_v through_o error_n or_o misbelief_n not_o bind_v 566._o how_o far_o natural_o page_v 152_o a_o promise_n make_v not_o to_o sail_v or_o go_v to_o such_o a_o place_n not_o to_o take_v arm_n not_o to_o make_v a_o escape_n bind_v page_n 567_o promise_n confirm_v by_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o people_n inviolable_a page_n 539._o the_o force_n of_o a_o promise_n page_n 150_o to_o a_o promise_v the_o use_n of_o reason_n be_v require_v in_o the_o promiser_n page_n 152_o a_o bare_a promise_n will_v bear_v no_o action_n ibid._n a_o promise_v call_v by_o the_o hebrew_n a_o bond_n and_o why_o ibid._n if_o rash_o make_v bind_v not_o ibid._n seldom_o make_v but_o to_o loss_n ibid._n promise_n transfer_v a_o right_o require_v some_o outward_a sign_n page_n 153_o a_o promise_v make_v out_o of_o fear_n how_o far_o natural_o oblige_v 154._o bind_v not_o to_o thing_n unlawful_a ibid._n to_o a_o promise_n when_o a_o charge_n may_v be_v add_v page_n 156_o a_o promise_v make_v for_o some_o cause_n vicious_a oblige_v 154._o charge_v with_o somewhat_o beneficial_a to_o another_o how_o effectual_a page_n 156_o promise_n natural_o good_a sometime_o null_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n page_n 154_o a_o promise_v make_v to_o act_n of_o mercy_n gratitude_n etc._n etc._n oblige_v to_o ourselves_o but_o can_v be_v exact_v by_o law_n page_n 151_o prophecy_n none_n not_o yet_o fulfil_v can_v be_v understand_v but_o by_o the_o spirit_n of_o prophecy_n 409._o that_o of_o esay_n about_o the_o peaceableness_n of_o christ_n kingdom_n how_o understand_v page_n 20_o prophecy_n in_o expound_v caution_n to_o prince_n 409._o the_o pretence_n of_o fulfil_v they_o no_o cause_n of_o war_n ibid._n proportion_n arithmetical_a and_o geometrical_a whether_o proper_o they_o distinguish_v between_o justice_n expletive_a and_o attributive_a page_n 396_o propriety_n its_o beginning_n and_o growth_n 78_o 80_o it_o come_v in_o 1._o by_o partition_n 2._o by_o occupancy_n 80._o it_o may_v be_v hold_v by_o infant_n idiot_n and_o madman_n page_v 89_o prosperous_a success_n in_o war_n
the_o most_o excellent_a hugo_n grotius_n the_o reverend_a w_n evat_v b_o d_o aetat_fw-la suae_fw-la 77._o the_o most_o excel_v t_o hugo_n grotius_n of_o the_o right_n of_o peace_n &_o warr_n translate_v into_o english_a by_o the_o reverend_a william_n evat_v b_o d_o print_v for_o ralph_n smith_n under_o the_o piazza_n of_o the_o royal_a exch_n in_o cornhill_n t._n cross_n senior_n sculpsit_fw-la the_o most_o excellent_a hugo_n grotius_n his_o three_o book_n treat_v of_o the_o right_n of_o war_n &_o peace_n in_o the_o first_o be_v handle_v whether_o any_o war_n be_v just_o in_o the_o second_o be_v show_v the_o cause_n of_o war_n both_o just_a and_o unjust_a in_o the_o three_o be_v declare_v what_o in_o war_n be_v lawful_a that_o be_v unpunishable_a with_o the_o annotation_n digest_v into_o the_o body_n of_o every_o chapter_n translate_v into_o english_a by_o william_n evat_v b._n d._n london_n print_v by_o m._n w._n for_o thomas_n basset_n at_o the_o george_n in_o fleetstreet_n and_o ralph_n smith_n at_o the_o bible_n under_o the_o piazza_n of_o the_o royal_a exchange_n in_o cornhill_n mdclxxxii_o the_o preface_n the_o civil_a law_n whether_o that_o proper_a to_o the_o roman_n or_o that_o appertain_v to_o any_o other_o people_n many_o have_v endeavour_v either_o to_o expound_v by_o large_a commentary_n or_o to_o expose_v to_o present_a view_n by_o epitomy_n but_o of_o that_o law_n which_o govern_v most_o nation_n and_o the_o ruler_n of_o diverse_a people_n whether_o it_o arise_v from_o nature_n or_o be_v institute_v by_o divine_a authority_n or_o whether_o it_o be_v introduce_v by_o custom_n or_o tacite_fw-la consent_n few_o have_v hitherto_o treat_v and_o none_o at_o all_o either_o universal_o or_o methodical_o treatise_n the_o usefulness_n of_o this_o treatise_n though_o such_o a_o treatise_n will_v high_o conduce_v to_o the_o benefit_n of_o mankind_n the_o excellency_n of_o this_o science_n say_v seneca_n be_v see_v in_o league_n covenant_n article_n of_o agreement_n and_o condition_n make_v between_o diverse_a free_a people_n and_o between_o king_n of_o foreign_a nation_n and_o in_o all_o the_o right_n of_o war_n and_o peace_n insomuch_o that_o euripides_n prefer_v it_o before_o all_o other_o knowledge_n of_o thing_n either_o divine_a or_o humane_a say_v it_o be_v vain_a of_o thing_n of_o god_n or_o man_n to_o boast_v past_a or_o to_o come_v unless_o what_o be_v just_o thou_o know_v and_o indeed_o such_o a_o treatise_n will_v be_v so_o much_o the_o more_o necessary_a war._n the_o vulgar_a error_n concern_v the_o right_n of_o war._n by_o how_o much_o we_o find_v many_o as_o well_o in_o this_o as_o in_o former_a age_n contemn_v this_o part_n of_o justice_n as_o if_o there_o be_v nothing_o in_o it_o but_o a_o empty_a name_n there_o be_v nothing_o more_o frequent_a in_o every_o man_n mouth_n than_o that_o of_o euphemus_n in_o thucydides_n to_o king_n and_o city_n imperial_a there_o be_v nothing_o unjust_a that_o be_v profitable_a 6._o lib._n 6._o and_o that_o also_o which_o the_o athenian_n be_v then_o the_o most_o potent_a party_n in_o all_o greece_n tell_v the_o metians_n to_o humane_a reason_n those_o thing_n be_v just_a which_o a_o equal_a necessity_n on_o both_o side_n impose_v otherwise_o whatsoever_o the_o strong_a party_n can_v and_o will_v do_v the_o weak_a party_n must_v suffer_v as_o if_o it_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o fortune_n to_o make_v oppression_n just_a or_o that_o no_o commonwealth_n can_v be_v well_o govern_v without_o injustice_n whereunto_o they_o usual_o add_v that_o the_o sword_n be_v the_o common_a judge_n or_o arbiter_n of_o all_o difference_n arise_v between_o king_n and_o foreign_a nation_n neither_o be_v this_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o vulgar_a only_o that_o all_o law_n be_v silence_v by_o war_n but_o some_o such_o like_a say_n do_v often_o fall_v from_o man_n otherwise_o learned_a and_o prudent_a whereby_o this_o opinion_n gather_v strength_n there_o be_v nothing_o more_o frequent_o oppose_v one_o to_o another_o than_o law_n and_o arm_n thus_o we_o find_v they_o oppose_v in_o enneus_n to_o gain_v their_o right_n not_o at_o the_o law_n but_o with_o their_o arm_n they_o fight_v the_o like_a we_o find_v in_o horace_n who_o speak_v of_o achilles_n say_v nothing_o by_o law_n but_o all_o by_o arm_n he_o claim_v old_a antigonus_n laugh_v at_o he_o who_o behold_v he_o busy_v in_o batter_v the_o fort_n and_o city_n of_o his_o enemy_n gent._n alber._n gent._n present_v he_o with_o some_o commentary_n of_o justice_n marius_n be_v wont_a to_o say_v that_o he_o can_v not_o hear_v the_o cry_n of_o the_o law_n for_o the_o clash_v of_o arms._n lysander_n in_o plutarch_n lay_v his_o hand_n upon_o his_o sword_n say_v lys_n plut._n lys_n he_o that_o know_v how_o to_o use_v this_o be_v the_o best_a judge_n of_o the_o bound_n of_o empire_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n be_v that_o of_o caesar_n non_fw-la est_fw-la idem_fw-la tempus_fw-la armorum_fw-la quod_fw-la legum_n arm_n and_o law_n do_v never_o flourish_v at_o one_o and_o the_o same_o time_n king_n say_v seneca_n grant_v many_o thing_n blindfold_a especial_o in_o time_n of_o war_n for_o no_o one_o man_n though_o just_o can_v possible_o satisfy_v the_o desire_n of_o so_o many_o arm_a man_n neither_o can_v any_o one_o man_n at_o the_o same_o time_n perform_v the_o office_n of_o a_o good_a man_n and_o of_o a_o good_a general_n nay_o even_o pompey_n himself_o though_o otherwise_o very_o modest_a yet_o will_v say_v armatus_fw-la ut_fw-la leges_fw-la cogitem_fw-la what_o do_v you_o tell_v i_o of_o law_n that_o be_o in_o arm_n or_o as_o plutarch_n frame_v his_o answer_n to_o the_o mamertine_n what_o will_v you_o never_o cease_v to_o upbraid_v we_o with_o your_o law_n who_o you_o see_v begird_v with_o sword_n 9_o lib._n 9_o so_o easy_o say_v curtius_n do_v war_n pervert_v and_o destroy_v even_o the_o very_a law_n of_o nature_n even_o among_o christian_a author_n we_o find_v many_o such_o like_a say_n that_o of_o tertullian_n shall_v suffice_v instead_o of_o the_o rest_n dolus_fw-la asperitas_fw-la injustitia_fw-la propria_fw-la sunt_fw-la praeliorum_fw-la negotia_fw-la fraud_n cruelty_n and_o oppression_n be_v the_o proper_a employment_n of_o war._n now_o they_o that_o favour_v this_o opinion_n will_v doubtless_o object_v against_o i_o that_o of_o the_o comedian_n if_o thing_n uncertain_a thou_o with_o certain_a rule_n will_v guide_v thou_o will_v undertake_v a_o task_n as_o bad_a as_o he_o that_o will_v with_o reason_n run_v stark_o mad._n see_v then_o it_o will_v be_v to_o no_o purpose_n to_o treat_v of_o right_a if_o there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n it_o will_v very_o much_o concern_v we_o to_o commend_v and_o defend_v this_o ensue_a discourse_n by_o a_o brief_a but_o sound_a confutation_n of_o this_o error_n but_o that_o we_o may_v avoid_v confusion_n in_o dispute_v with_o a_o multitude_n confute_v this_o error_n confute_v let_v we_o allow_v they_o a_o advocate_n and_o who_o fit_a than_o carneades_n who_o arrive_v at_o that_o height_n and_o perfection_n of_o eloquence_n that_o he_o can_v plead_v as_o strong_o for_o error_n as_o for_o truth_n this_o man_n have_v undertake_v to_o decry_v justice_n especial_o that_o part_n of_o it_o which_o we_o now_o defend_v can_v find_v no_o argument_n more_o forceable_a than_o this_o man_n say_v he_o justice_n carneades_n his_o argument_n against_o justice_n have_v ordain_v unto_o themselves_o law_n for_o profit_n sake_n various_a according_a to_o their_o several_a manner_n which_o also_o they_o often_o change_v with_o the_o time_n whereas_o indeed_o there_o be_v no_o natural_a law_n or_o right_n at_o all_o for_o all_o both_o man_n and_o other_o live_a creature_n be_v by_o the_o mere_a guidance_n of_o nature_n lead_v to_o such_o thing_n as_o to_o themselves_o be_v profitable_a wherefore_o there_o be_v either_o no_o justice_n at_o all_o or_o if_o there_o be_v any_o it_o be_v extreme_a folly_n because_o it_o rob_v itself_o to_o enrich_v other_o but_o what_o the_o philosopoer_n here_o say_v and_o the_o poet_n after_o he_o what_o be_v just_o or_o unjust_a nature_n can_v discern_v must_v by_o no_o mean_n be_v admit_v for_o man_n indeed_o be_v a_o live_a body_n but_o far_o more_o excellent_a than_o all_o other_o and_o much_o more_o differ_v from_o the_o rest_n than_o they_o do_v one_o from_o another_o as_o may_v easy_o be_v demonstrate_v by_o many_o action_n how_o man_n differ_v from_o all_o other_o creature_n and_o how_o which_o be_v proper_a only_o to_o mankind_n among_o which_o this_o be_v one_o that_o he_o greedy_o affect_v society_n that_o be_v community_n yet_o not_o any_o but_o that_o which_o be_v peaceable_a and_o according_a to_o the_o model_n of_o his_o understanding_n regular_n with_o those_o of_o his_o own_o kind_n which_o the_o stoic_n term_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d familiarity_n man_n say_v chrysostom_n with_o man_n
plutarch_n recite_v that_o say_v of_o king_n pyrrhus_n that_o he_o will_v leave_v his_o kingdom_n to_o that_o son_n who_o have_v the_o sharp_a sword_n say_v that_o it_o be_v so_o say_v only_o to_o excite_v they_o to_o enrich_v his_o house_n with_o blood_n and_o rapine_n whereupon_o he_o break_v out_o into_o this_o exclamation_n adeo_fw-la insociabile_fw-la ferinumque_fw-la est_fw-la propositum_fw-la plus_fw-la svo_fw-la habendi_fw-la so_o wild_a and_o unsociable_a a_o thing_n be_v covetousness_n aristotle_n seem_v exceed_o to_o blame_v they_o who_o though_o they_o be_v not_o willing_a to_o admit_v of_o any_o king_n or_o governor_n over_o themselves_o but_o he_o that_o have_v the_o true_a right_n yet_o regard_v neither_o right_a nor_o wrong_n in_o the_o government_n of_o foreigner_n the_o lacedaemonian_n say_v plutarch_n place_v the_o great_a part_n of_o honesty_n in_o their_o country_n profit_n jus_fw-la aliud_fw-la nec_fw-la norunt_fw-la age_n plut._n age_n nec_fw-la discunt_fw-la quam_fw-la unde_fw-la spartam_fw-la putant_fw-la posse_fw-la augeri_fw-la they_o will_v neither_o know_v or_o learn_v any_o other_o law_n than_o how_o to_o enlarge_v their_o territory_n the_o like_a character_n do_v the_o athenian_n give_v of_o they_o in_o thucydides_n that_o among_o themselves_o and_o to_o their_o own_o civil_a law_n honesty_n the_o lacedaemonian_n prefer_v public_a profit_n before_o honesty_n they_o be_v very_o just_a but_o as_o to_o stranger_n they_o esteem_v exery_a thing_n honest_a that_o be_v pleasant_a and_o every_o thing_n just_a that_o be_v profitable_a but_o yet_o when_o one_o of_o the_o spartan_a king_n pronounce_v that_o commonwealth_n happy_a reprove_v which_o pompey_n reprove_v which_o be_v bound_v by_o the_o sword_n and_o the_o spear_n pompey_n correct_v he_o say_v yea_o rather_o that_o commonwealth_n be_v true_o happy_a that_o be_v on_o every_o side_n bound_v with_o justice_n for_o which_o he_o may_v also_o have_v produce_v the_o authority_n of_o another_o spartan_a king_n who_o prefer_v justice_n even_o before_o military_a prowess_n upon_o this_o very_a ground_n because_o all_o martial_a power_n ought_v to_o be_v regulate_v by_o justice_n for_o in_o case_n all_o man_n be_v just_a there_o will_v be_v no_o need_n of_o valour_n fortitude_n justice_n prefer_v before_o fortitude_n even_o fortitude_n itself_o be_v by_o the_o stoic_n thus_o define_v to_o be_v valour_n contend_v for_o justice_n when_o agesilaus_n in_o plutarch_n hear_v the_o persian_a king_n style_v great_a he_o demand_v quomodo_n i_o major_n nisi_fw-la sit_fw-la &_o justior_fw-la how_o be_v he_o great_a than_o myself_o unless_o he_o be_v more_o just_a themistius_n in_o his_o oration_n that_o he_o make_v to_o the_o emperor_n valens_n elegant_o discourse_v how_o king_n shall_v be_v qualify_v nation_n and_o to_o be_v extend_v to_o all_o nation_n if_o wisdom_n be_v to_o choose_v they_o say_v not_o such_o as_o shall_v think_v themselves_o entrust_v with_o the_o care_n of_o one_o single_a nation_n only_o but_o of_o all_o mankind_n neither_o shall_v he_o profess_v himself_o to_o be_v a_o friend_n to_o the_o macedonian_n only_o or_o to_o the_o roman_n but_o to_o all_o man_n and_o all_o nation_n whatsoever_o as_o m._n antoninus_n sometime_o say_v of_o himself_o civitas_n &_o patria_fw-la mihi_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la antonino_n roma_n ut_fw-la homini_fw-la mundus_fw-la as_o i_o be_o antoninus_n 3._o de_fw-fr non_fw-fr esu_fw-la animal_n l._n 3._o rome_n be_v my_o country_n as_o i_o be_o a_o man_n the_o world_n so_o also_o porphyry_n he_o that_o be_v guide_v by_o reason_n carry_v himself_o inoffensive_o towards_o his_o own_o subject_n yea_o and_o towards_o stranger_n yea_o and_o towards_o all_o man_n 6._o see_v cyril_n against_o julian_n l._n 6._o quanto_fw-la ratione_fw-la praestans_fw-la tanto_fw-la divinior_n the_o more_o he_o partake_v of_o reason_n the_o more_o he_o partake_v of_o the_o divine_a nature_n the_o very_a name_n of_o minos_n be_v odious_a to_o posterity_n for_o no_o other_o reason_n but_o because_o he_o extend_v his_o justice_n no_o far_o than_o his_o dominion_n each_o country_n groan_v under_o minos_n yoke_n force_n that_o even_o in_o war_n some_o law_n be_v in_o force_n now_o what_o some_o have_v fancy_v namely_o that_o inter_fw-la arma_fw-la cessant_fw-la leges_fw-la in_o war_n all_o law_n lie_v asleep_a be_v so_o far_o from_o truth_n that_o no_o war_n ought_v to_o be_v undertake_v but_o for_o the_o prosecution_n of_o a_o man_n right_a nor_o any_o that_o be_v undertake_v manage_v beyond_o the_o bound_n of_o justice_n and_o faithfulness_n it_o be_v very_o well_o say_v of_o demosthenes_n that_o war_n may_v just_o be_v make_v against_o those_o who_o can_v be_v compel_v to_o do_v we_o right_o in_o a_o judicial_a way_n now_o against_o such_o as_o be_v sensible_a of_o their_o own_o weakness_n judgement_n be_v forceable_a enough_o and_o so_o no_o need_n of_o war_n but_o against_o such_o as_o be_v or_o think_v themselves_o of_o equal_a strength_n if_o they_o will_v not_o do_v right_a war_n may_v be_v just_o undertake_v which_o also_o that_o they_o may_v be_v altogether_o righteous_a must_v be_v manage_v with_o as_o much_o conscience_n as_o judgement_n be_v usual_o pass_v admit_v then_o that_o law_n may_v sleep_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o war_n yet_o they_o must_v be_v those_o only_a that_o be_v civil_a and_o judicial_a judicial_a but_o such_o only_a as_o be_v civil_a and_o judicial_a such_o i_o mean_v as_o be_v proper_a to_o peace_n but_o not_o such_o as_o be_v perpetual_a and_o fit_v unto_o all_o time_n it_o be_v very_o well_o say_v therefore_o by_o dion_n prusaeensis_n that_o write_v law_n be_v of_o no_o force_n among_o enemy_n but_o such_o as_o be_v unwritten_a that_o be_v such_o as_o nature_n herself_o dictate_v or_o the_o consent_n of_o nation_n constitute_v be_v in_o force_n even_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o arms._n arms._n there_o be_v law_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o arms._n when_o one_o ask_v king_n alphonsus_n whether_o he_o think_v himself_o most_o indebt_v to_o book_n or_o arm_n he_o ready_o answer_v that_o he_o be_v behold_v to_o his_o book_n both_o for_o the_o knowledge_n of_o his_o arm_n and_o also_o for_o his_o knowledge_n of_o the_o law_n of_o arms._n so_o also_o plutarch_n sunt_fw-la apud_fw-la bonos_fw-es viros_fw-la quaedam_fw-la &_o belli_fw-la jura_fw-la among_o good_a man_n there_o be_v some_o law_n to_o be_v observe_v even_o in_o war_n neither_o be_v we_o so_o to_o prosecute_v victory_n as_o to_o enrich_v ourselves_o by_o base_a and_o dishonest_a gain_n censeo_fw-la eas_fw-la res_fw-la puro_fw-la pioque_fw-la duello_n quaerendas_fw-la censeo_fw-la this_o appear_v by_o that_o ancient_a form_n of_o the_o roman_n these_o thing_n i_o judge_v aught_o to_o be_v acquire_v by_o a_o just_a and_o pious_a war._n these_o very_a ancient_a roman_n as_o varro_z note_n be_v very_o slow_a in_o make_v war_n and_o not_o very_o licentious_a when_o they_o do_v make_v it_o because_o they_o approve_v of_o no_o war_n but_o what_o be_v pious_a camillus_n be_v wont_a to_o say_v that_o war_n be_v to_o be_v wage_v with_o no_o less_o justice_n than_o valour_n the_o like_a testimony_n do_v scipio_n the_o african_a give_v of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n in_o his_o time_n namely_o that_o they_o always_o begin_v and_o finish_v their_o war_n just_o and_o another_o author_n tell_v we_o that_o there_o be_v law_n for_o war_n as_o well_o as_o for_o peace_n a_o three_o admire_v fabritius_n for_o a_o gallant_a soldier_n but_o principal_o for_o that_o which_o in_o war_n be_v very_o rare_o find_v namely_o his_o innocence_n as_o believe_v that_o some_o thing_n usual_o do_v against_o a_o enemy_n be_v impious_a what_o great_a power_n and_o efficacy_n the_o justness_n of_o a_o cause_n have_v historian_n do_v every_o where_o declare_v say_n the_o goodness_n of_o a_o cause_n be_v of_o great_a efficacy_n in_o war_n proverbial_a say_n whilst_o they_o ofttimes_o ascribe_v the_o victory_n to_o this_o as_o to_o its_o principal_a cause_n from_o whence_o arise_v these_o proverbial_a say_n the_o courage_n of_o soldier_n do_v either_o rise_v or_o fall_v according_a to_o the_o equity_n of_o their_o cause_n he_o seldom_o return_v in_o safety_n that_o willing_o engage_v himself_o in_o a_o unjust_a war._n a_o good_a cause_n be_v never_o unattended_a with_o hope_n thus_o pompey_n in_o appian_n cheer_v up_o the_o spirit_n of_o his_o soldier_n we_o say_v he_o must_v place_v all_o our_o confidence_n in_o the_o god_n and_o in_o the_o goodness_n of_o our_o cause_n as_o have_v enter_v into_o this_o war_n upon_o honest_a and_o just_a ground_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n thus_o likewise_o do_v cassius_n encourage_v his_o soldier_n by_o tell_v they_o that_o the_o great_a hope_n be_v always_o where_o there_o be_v the_o best_a cause_n the_o like_a we_o may_v read_v in_o josephus_n 15._o antiq._n hist_o lib._n 15._o abs_fw-la quo_fw-la stat_fw-la jus_fw-la ab_fw-la eo_fw-la
afterward_o to_o the_o several_a kind_n of_o peace_n and_o to_o all_o covenant_n or_o agreement_n make_v in_o war_n which_o appear_v for_o this_o reason_n to_o be_v worth_a our_o pain_n because_o as_o i_o have_v say_v no_o man_n have_v ever_o yet_o treat_v upon_o this_o subject_n and_o they_o that_o have_v handle_v the_o part_n of_o it_o have_v leave_v very_o much_o to_o other_o man_n industry_n there_o be_v nothing_o of_o this_o subject_a extant_a from_o the_o old_a philosopher_n neither_o of_o the_o grecian_n among_o who_o aristotle_n indeed_o have_v compose_v a_o book_n entitle_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o right_n of_o war_n nor_o among_o the_o christian_n which_o yet_o be_v a_o work_n very_o desiderable_a nay_o of_o those_o book_n write_v by_o the_o ancient_a roman_n concern_v their_o fecial_a law_n there_o be_v nothing_o traduce_v unto_o we_o but_o the_o bare_a name_n they_o that_o collect_v the_o sum_n of_o such_o case_n as_o they_o call_v case_n of_o conscience_n have_v as_o of_o other_o thing_n so_o also_o of_o war_n of_o promise_n of_o oath_n and_o of_o reprizal_n write_v whole_a chapter_n i_o have_v also_o see_v some_o special_a book_n write_v of_o the_o right_n of_o war_n partly_o by_o divine_n as_o by_o franciscus_n de_fw-fr victoria_n henricus_fw-la gorichemus_fw-la willielmus_fw-la mathaeus_n johannes_n de_fw-fr carthagena_n and_o partly_o by_o doctor_n of_o the_o law_n as_o by_o johannes_n lupus_n franciscus_n arius_n johannes_n de_fw-fr lignano_n and_o martinus_n laudensis_n but_o on_o so_o copious_a a_o argument_n they_o all_o of_o they_o say_v but_o very_o little_a and_o most_o of_o they_o so_o that_o they_o have_v confound_v thing_n due_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n thing_n appertain_v to_o the_o divine_a law_n thing_n due_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o thing_n due_a by_o the_o civil_a and_o canon_n law_n mix_v they_o altogether_o without_o either_o order_n or_o distinction_n but_o what_o all_o these_o be_v most_o defective_a in_o namely_o the_o light_n of_o history_n the_o most_o learned_a faber_n in_o some_o chapter_n of_o his_o semestria_fw-la but_o so_o far_o only_o as_o conduce_v to_o his_o purpose_n and_o allege_v testimony_n only_o have_v endeavove_v to_o supply_v so_o also_o do_v balthasar_n ayala_n but_o somewhat_o more_o full_o and_o albertus_n gentilis_fw-la yet_o more_o full_o than_o ayala_n who_o labour_n as_o i_o know_v they_o may_v be_v helpful_a to_o other_o and_o confess_v have_v be_v to_o i_o so_o what_o may_v be_v want_v in_o he_o either_o in_o the_o way_n of_o teach_v or_o in_o his_o method_n or_o in_o distinguish_v of_o question_n and_o of_o the_o kind_n of_o diverse_a law_n i_o leave_v to_o the_o reader_n judgement_n this_o only_a i_o shall_v say_v that_o in_o his_o decision_n of_o controversy_n he_o usual_o follow_v either_o some_o few_o example_n not_o altogether_o to_o be_v allow_v or_o he_o be_v lead_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o some_o modern_a lawyer_n in_o their_o answer_n many_o whereof_o be_v frame_v in_o favour_n to_o their_o client_n more_o than_o to_o the_o nature_n of_o justice_n and_o equity_n the_o cause_n that_o render_v a_o war_n either_o just_a or_o unjust_a be_v not_o by_o ayala_n so_o much_o as_o touch_v gentilis_fw-la have_v indeed_o describe_v some_o general_a head_n in_o such_o a_o way_n as_o please_v himself_o but_o many_o place_n of_o such_o controversy_n as_o be_v both_o noble_a and_o very_a frequent_a he_o have_v not_o so_o much_o as_o glance_v at_o now_o lest_o any_o such_o shall_v escape_v we_o we_o have_v adventure_v to_o discover_v the_o very_a foundation_n whereupon_o we_o may_v build_v our_o judgement_n so_o that_o it_o may_v be_v easy_a to_o decide_v any_o such_o question_n as_o shall_v happen_v by_o we_o to_o be_v omit_v law_n the_o law_n of_o nature_n how_o prove_v and_o how_o distinguish_v from_o other_o law_n it_o remain_v now_o that_o we_o brief_o declare_v by_o who_o assistance_n and_o with_o what_o care_n we_o undertake_v this_o work_n and_o in_o the_o first_o place_n my_o care_n be_v to_o refer_v the_o proof_n of_o such_o thing_n as_o belong_v to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n to_o such_o notion_n as_o be_v so_o certain_a and_o undoubted_o true_a that_o no_o man_n without_o wrong_v his_o own_o judgement_n can_v deny_v they_o for_o the_o principle_n of_o that_o law_n if_o right_o observe_v be_v as_o plain_a and_o evident_a of_o themselves_o almost_o as_o those_o we_o discern_v with_o our_o outward_a sense_n which_o if_o our_o organ_n be_v right_o dispose_v and_o other_o thing_n thereunto_o necessary_a not_o want_v can_v deceive_v we_o therefore_o euripides_n bring_v in_o polynices_n assert_v the_o righteousness_n of_o his_o own_o cause_n thus_o these_o thing_n be_v plain_a and_o regular_o due_a both_o learned_a and_o unlearned_a must_v confess_v be_v true_a whereunto_o he_o present_o add_v the_o judgement_n of_o the_o chorus_n which_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o barbarian_n consist_v all_o of_o woman_n acknowledge_v the_o truth_n of_o what_o polynices_n have_v say_v the_o same_o author_n in_o another_o place_n bring_v in_o hermione_n say_v we_o live_v not_o like_o barbarian_n here_o i_o trow_v whereunto_o andromache_n answer_v yet_o what_o with_o they_o be_v ill_o with_o we_o be_v so_o for_o the_o proof_n also_o of_o this_o law_n i_o have_v likewise_o produce_v the_o testimony_n of_o philosopher_n historian_n poet_n and_o in_o the_o last_o place_n orator_n not_o that_o they_o be_v all_o either_o equal_o or_o rash_o to_o be_v believe_v for_o they_o speak_v many_o thing_n in_o favour_n to_o their_o own_o sect_n and_o to_o the_o argument_n or_o cause_n they_o undertake_v to_o defend_v but_o that_o which_o many_o wise_a man_n live_v in_o several_a age_n and_o in_o several_a place_n do_v all_o of_o they_o affirm_v to_o be_v true_a and_o certain_a that_o i_o say_v aught_o to_o be_v refer_v to_o some_o universal_a cause_n which_o in_o these_o question_n bring_v by_o we_o can_v be_v no_o other_o than_o either_o some_o inference_n direct_o draw_v from_o the_o very_a principle_n of_o nature_n or_o from_o the_o common_a consent_n of_o all_o nation_n the_o former_a show_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n the_o latter_a the_o law_n of_o nation_n the_o difference_n between_o these_o be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v by_o the_o testimony_n themselves_o distinguish_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n how_o distinguish_v for_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n be_v every_o where_n by_o writer_n promiscuous_o use_v but_o by_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o matter_n for_o that_o which_o can_v be_v deduce_v from_o certain_a principle_n by_o certain_a and_o conclude_a argument_n and_o yet_o every_o where_o appear_v to_o be_v observe_v we_o may_v conclude_v have_v its_o rise_n or_o beginning_n from_o the_o freedom_n of_o the_o will_n and_o therefore_o i_o alone_o have_v endeavour_v to_o distinguish_v these_o two_o not_o only_o one_o from_o another_o but_o both_o of_o they_o from_o the_o civil_a law_n so_o also_o in_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n right_a in_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n that_o which_o be_v perfect_o right_a distinguish_v from_o that_o which_o have_v some_o effect_n of_o right_a i_o have_v distinguish_v that_o which_o be_v true_o and_o in_o every_o respect_n right_o from_o that_o which_o have_v only_o get_v a_o certain_a outward_a effect_n like_o unto_o that_o of_o primitive_a right_n namely_o that_o it_o may_v not_o lawful_o be_v resist_v or_o that_o it_o ought_v every_o where_o to_o be_v defend_v even_o by_o public_a force_n either_o by_o reason_n of_o some_o profit_n or_o that_o some_o great_a inconvenience_n may_v be_v eschew_v which_o how_o necessary_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v will_v appear_v in_o the_o contexture_n of_o this_o ensue_a treatise_n nor_o have_v i_o be_v less_o careful_a to_o distinguish_v between_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v right_o strict_o and_o proper_o take_v whence_o arise_v the_o obligation_n to_o restitution_n and_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v so_o account_v because_o to_o do_v otherwise_o will_v be_v repugnant_a to_o some_o other_o dictate_v of_o right_a reason_n of_o which_o diversity_n of_o right_n we_o have_v say_v somewhat_o already_o both_o here_o and_o above_o commend_v aristotle_n commend_v among_o philosopher_n aristotle_n deserve_o claim_v the_o pre-eminence_n whether_o we_o consider_v the_o order_n of_o his_o treatise_n his_o acute_a distinction_n or_o the_o strength_n and_o weight_n of_o his_o reason_n only_o i_o wish_v that_o this_o principality_n of_o he_o have_v not_o for_o some_o age_n past_a degenerate_v into_o tyranny_n so_o that_o truth_n for_o the_o discovery_n whereof_o aristotle_n take_v so_o great_a pain_n find_v no_o great_a oppressor_n than_o the_o very_a name_n of_o aristotle_n ay_o as_o well_o here_o as_o elsewhere_o do_v challenge_n to_o myself_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o ancient_a
christian_n who_o will_v espouse_v no_o sect_n of_o philosopher_n not_o that_o they_o be_v of_o their_o opinion_n who_o hold_v that_o nothing_o can_v be_v know_v than_o which_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o absurd_a but_o that_o there_o be_v no_o sect_n that_o can_v discern_v all_o truth_n nor_o any_o but_o what_o hold_v something_o that_o be_v true_a wherefore_o to_o collect_v truth_n thus_o scatter_v and_o through_o so_o many_o sect_n disperse_v into_o one_o body_n this_o they_o conceive_v to_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o to_o deliver_v a_o doctrine_n true_o christian_n thus_o think_v justin_n martyr_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o first_o of_o his_o apologetick_n the_o doctrine_n of_o plato_n be_v not_o much_o different_a from_o those_o of_o christ_n nor_o be_v they_o altogether_o the_o same_o so_o neither_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o stoic_n poet_n or_o historian_n for_o every_o one_o of_o they_o have_v some_o impress_n of_o reason_n see_v in_o part_n what_o be_v consentaneous_a thereunto_o and_o so_o far_o they_o say_v what_o be_v right_a for_o those_o very_a manner_n 3._o ep._n 96._o de_fw-fr ver_fw-la rel_n c._n 3._o say_v st._n augustin_n which_o cicero_n and_o other_o philosopher_n so_o high_o commend_v be_v both_o teach_v and_o learn_v in_o all_o our_o church_n now_o flourish_v through_o the_o world_n and_o in_o another_o place_n speak_v of_o the_o platonist_n 11._o de_fw-fr conf._n l._n 7._o c._n 9_o lib._n 8._o c._n 11._o he_o say_v that_o some_o few_o thing_n be_v correct_v they_o may_v pass_v for_o christian_n it_o be_v not_o without_o cause_n that_o some_o of_o the_o platonist_n and_o ancient_a christian_n dissent_v from_o aristotle_n in_o this_o that_o he_o place_v the_o very_a nature_n of_o virtue_n in_o a_o mediocrity_n of_o affection_n and_o action_n which_o be_v thus_o place_v drive_v he_o to_o this_o that_o he_o compact_a two_o several_a virtue_n namely_o liberality_n and_o parsimony_n into_o one_o and_o give_v unto_o truth_n two_o opposite_n not_o equal_o distant_a from_o it_o namely_o vain-boasting_a and_o dissimulation_n and_o impose_v the_o name_n of_o vice_n upon_o some_o thing_n either_o not_o exist_v or_o which_o of_o themselves_o be_v no_o vice_n as_o the_o contempt_n of_o pleasure_n and_o honour_n and_o a_o vacuity_n of_o anger_n against_o man_n but_o that_o this_o foundation_n of_o he_o if_o take_v universal_o be_v not_o right_o lay_v will_v appear_v even_o from_o justice_n itself_o who_o opposite_n be_v too_o much_o or_o too_o little_a when_o he_o can_v not_o find_v in_o the_o affection_n and_o their_o subsequent_a action_n he_o be_v enforce_v to_o seek_v for_o both_o in_o the_o very_a thing_n themselves_o about_o which_o justice_n be_v conversant_a which_o very_o thing_n be_v in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o leap_v from_o one_o genus_fw-la to_o another_o which_o he_o deserve_o blame_v in_o other_o and_o in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o receive_v less_o than_o what_o be_v our_o due_n may_v have_v somewhat_o of_o vice_n adhere_v unto_o it_o as_o circumstance_n may_v happen_v for_o it_o may_v be_v that_o what_o any_o man_n so_o abate_v he_o may_v owe_v to_o the_o relief_n of_o either_o himself_o or_o of_o his_o relation_n but_o certain_o it_o can_v be_v repugnant_a to_o justice_n which_o whole_o consist_v in_o abstain_v from_o what_o be_v another_o man_n such_o another_o fallacy_n be_v this_o that_o he_o will_v not_o have_v adultery_n proceed_v from_o lust_n and_o murder_n proceed_v from_o anger_n to_o belong_v proper_o to_o injustice_n whereas_o notwithstanding_o injustice_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o detention_n of_o another_o man_n right_a whether_o out_o of_o lust_n or_o out_o of_o anger_n or_o out_o of_o a_o unadvised_a charity_n or_o out_o of_o a_o ambition_n or_o vainglory_n from_o whence_o the_o great_a injury_n do_v usual_o arise_v it_o matter_n not_o for_o to_o trample_v upon_o all_o temptation_n whatsoever_o rather_o than_o to_o dissolve_v humane_a society_n this_o true_o be_v the_o proper_a work_n of_o justice_n but_o to_o return_v from_o whence_o we_o come_v true_a it_o be_v that_o to_o some_o virtue_n affection_n some_o virtue_n require_v the_o moderation_n of_o our_o affection_n it_o fall_v out_o so_o that_o the_o affection_n must_v be_v moderate_v but_o not_o because_o it_o be_v proper_a and_o perpetual_a to_o all_o virtue_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v so_o but_o because_o right_a reason_n whereupon_o virtue_n always_o and_o every_o where_o attend_v do_v in_o some_o prescribe_v a_o measure_n to_o be_v follow_v not_z other_o not_z whereas_o in_o other_o it_o excite_v to_o the_o high_a degree_n of_o what_o we_o can_v do_v it_o be_v well_o say_v of_o agathias_n 5._o lib._n 5._o of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o mind_n those_o be_v simple_o and_o altogether_o to_o be_v embrace_v in_o which_o that_o which_o be_v agreeable_a to_o our_o duty_n and_o worthy_a our_o choice_n be_v sound_a and_o sincere_a but_o in_o those_o which_o may_v haply_o decline_v unto_o evil_n we_o must_v not_o simple_o and_o absolute_o follow_v but_o so_o far_o only_o as_o be_v convenient_a prudence_n be_v a_o pure_a and_o uncorrupted_a good_a which_o none_o will_v deny_v in_o anger_n that_o which_o stir_v we_o up_o to_o action_n be_v commendable_a but_o that_o which_o exceed_v moderation_n to_o be_v avoid_v as_o be_v damagable_a love_v god_n too_o much_o we_o can_v for_o superstition_n sin_v not_o in_o this_o that_o it_o worship_v god_n too_o much_o but_o in_o that_o it_o worship_v he_o perverse_o neither_o can_v we_o be_v say_v excessive_o to_o desire_v thing_n that_o be_v good_a and_o that_o be_v eternal_a or_o excessive_o to_o fear_v those_o torment_n which_o be_v everlasting_a nor_o too_o much_o to_o hate_v sin_n it_o be_v therefore_o true_o say_v of_o gellius_n some_o thing_n there_o be_v of_o so_o vast_a extent_n that_o they_o will_v admit_v of_o no_o bound_n or_o moderation_n and_o that_o be_v so_o much_o the_o more_o praiseworthy_a as_o they_o be_v great_a and_o large_a lactantius_n when_o he_o have_v large_o discourse_v of_o the_o affection_n say_v non_fw-la in_o his_o moderandis_fw-la sapientiae_fw-la ratio_fw-la versatur_fw-la etc._n etc._n true_a wisdom_n consist_v not_o in_o the_o moderation_n of_o these_o but_o in_o the_o cause_n of_o they_o because_o these_o be_v move_v by_o some_o thing_n that_o be_v without_o we_o neither_o shall_v a_o restraint_n be_v put_v principal_o upon_o they_o because_o they_o may_v be_v but_o small_a in_o the_o great_a crime_n and_o they_o may_v be_v very_o great_a without_o any_o crime_n our_o purpose_n be_v to_o magnify_v aristotle_n treatise_n history_n have_v a_o twofold_a use_n in_o this_o treatise_n but_o with_o the_o same_o freedom_n as_o he_o himself_o take_v against_o his_o master_n in_o favour_n to_o truth_n history_n have_v a_o double_a use_n as_o to_o the_o matter_n in_o hand_n for_o it_o supply_v we_o with_o example_n and_o judgement_n in_o most_o case_n as_o for_o example_n the_o better_a the_o time_n and_o the_o people_n be_v the_o great_a be_v their_o authority_n for_o which_o reason_n we_o make_v choice_n of_o the_o ancient_a grecian_n and_o roman_n rather_o than_o of_o other_o neither_o do_v i_o despise_v their_o judgement_n especial_o when_o they_o agree_v for_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o we_o have_v say_v be_v in_o some_o measure_n from_o hence_o prove_v but_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n can_v be_v prove_v otherwise_o the_o opinion_n and_o sentence_n of_o poet_n and_o orator_n be_v not_o of_o so_o great_a authority_n but_o yet_o we_o sometime_o make_v use_n of_o they_o not_o so_o much_o because_o we_o count_v they_o authentic_a or_o authoritative_a but_o rather_o as_o ornament_n to_o confirm_v what_o otherwise_o we_o do_v prove_v scripture_n the_o holy_a scripture_n of_o the_o authority_n of_o such_o book_n as_o holy_a man_n by_o the_o afflate_v of_o god_n spirit_n have_v write_v or_o approve_v we_o often_o make_v use_n yet_o with_o some_o difference_n between_o the_o old_a and_o new_a testament_n the_o former_a be_v by_o some_o quote_v for_o the_o very_a law_n of_o nature_n but_o without_o doubt_n erroneous_o for_o many_o thing_n therein_o do_v proceed_v from_o the_o freewill_n and_o pleasure_n of_o god_n nature_n not_o repugnant_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o notwithstanding_o be_v no_o whit_n repugnant_a to_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o so_o far_o argument_n may_v be_v right_o draw_v from_o thence_o so_o that_o we_o careful_o distinguish_v that_o law_n of_o god_n which_o god_n by_o man_n do_v sometime_o execute_v and_o that_o which_o man_n execute_v among_o themselves_o we_o have_v as_o near_o as_o we_o can_v avoid_v both_o this_o error_n and_o another_o contrary_n unto_o it_o which_o be_v publish_v the_o old_a testament_n not_o useless_a since_o the_o new_a be_v publish_v that_o after_o the_o time_n of_o the_o
proper_a to_o man_n do_v not_o constitute_v another_o distinct_a law_n xii_o how_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n may_v be_v prove_v xiii_o the_o voluntary_a law_n divide_v into_o that_o which_o be_v humane_a and_o that_o which_o be_v divine_a fourteen_o humane_a law_n divide_v into_o that_o which_o be_v civil_a that_o which_o be_v more_o strict_a than_o civil_a and_o that_o which_o be_v more_o large_a which_o be_v also_o call_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n how_o explain_v and_o how_o prove_v xv._o the_o divine_a law_n divide_v into_o that_o which_o be_v universal_a and_o that_o which_o be_v peculiar_o give_v to_o one_o only_a nation_n xvi_o that_o the_o law_n peculiar_o give_v to_o the_o hebrew_n do_v not_o oblige_v stranger_n xvii_o what_o argument_n christian_n may_v draw_v from_o the_o hebrew_n law_n and_o how_o i._o the_o order_n of_o this_o whole_a treatise_n all_o controversy_n between_o such_o as_o be_v not_o associate_v under_o one_o civil_a law_n as_o between_o those_o who_o never_o yet_o enter_v into_o any_o civil_a society_n or_o that_o be_v among_o themselves_o of_o several_a nation_n whether_o they_o be_v private_a subject_n or_o such_o as_o be_v invest_v with_o sovereign_a power_n whether_o king_n nobles_z or_o free_a people_n all_o such_o controversy_n i_o say_v be_v to_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o time_n either_o of_o peace_n or_o war._n but_o because_o the_o end_n of_o war_n be_v peace_n and_o that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o controversy_n but_o may_v produce_v war_n therefore_o what_o difference_n soever_o do_v arise_v by_o the_o occasion_n of_o the_o right_n of_o war_n shall_v in_o the_o first_o place_n be_v exact_o discuss_v that_o so_o war_n itself_o be_v due_o prosecute_v may_v lead_v we_o unto_o peace_n as_o to_o its_o proper_a end_n ii_o war_n define_v be_v therefore_o to_o treat_v of_o the_o right_n of_o war_n it_o concern_v we_o in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o know_v what_o that_o war_n be_v whereof_o we_o be_v to_o treat_v and_o then_o what_o that_o right_o be_v that_o we_o search_v for_o war_n as_o cicero_n define_v it_o be_v certatio_fw-la per_fw-la vim_o a_o debate_n by_o force_n but_o custom_n have_v translate_v the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n from_o the_o act_n itself_o to_o the_o state_n and_o condition_n of_o those_o that_o make_v war_n for_o as_o philo_n well_o observe_v they_o only_o be_v not_o enemy_n that_o be_v actual_o engage_v in_o battle_n whether_o at_o sea_n or_o land_n but_o they_o also_o that_o raise_v fort_n plant_v ordnance_n or_o such_o like_a engine_n of_o war_n on_o their_o wall_n or_o port_n though_o at_o present_a they_o fight_v not_o servius_n upon_o those_o word_n of_o virgil_n concern_v aeneas_n in_o war_n and_o arm_n none_o great_a be_v than_o he_o make_v this_o distinction_n by_o war_n we_o understand_v all_o consultation_n and_o preparation_n for_o war_n but_o by_o arm_n only_o the_o use_n or_o exercise_v of_o they_o therefore_o in_o another_o place_n he_o conclude_v that_o all_o that_o may_v be_v reckon_v a_o time_n of_o war_n wherein_o either_o thing_n necessary_a for_o fight_n be_v prepare_v or_o the_o fight_n itself_o last_o so_o that_o war_n may_v be_v define_v to_o be_v the_o state_n or_o condition_n of_o those_o that_o contend_v by_o force_n as_o such_o which_o general_a acception_n of_o the_o word_n comprehend_v all_o the_o kind_n of_o war_n whereof_o we_o be_v to_o treat_v not_o exclude_v that_o which_o sometime_o happen_v between_o private_a person_n as_o duel_n or_o single_a combat_n which_o certain_o be_v precedent_n to_o those_o war_n that_o be_v public_a and_o be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n may_v well_o be_v comprise_v under_o the_o same_o proper_a name_n which_o sense_n the_o original_a word_n will_v very_o well_o bear_v for_o from_o the_o old_a word_n duellum_fw-la be_v make_v this_o new_a word_n bellum_n as_o of_o duonus_n be_v make_v bonus_n and_o of_o duis_n bis._n now_o duellum_fw-la signify_v a_o contest_v between_o two_o in_o the_o like_a sense_n as_o we_o express_v peace_n by_o unity_n or_o as_o the_o greek_n do_v war_n by_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o respect_n of_o the_o multitude_n of_o people_n that_o be_v engage_v in_o it_o as_o also_o they_o sometime_o do_v by_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o respect_n of_o those_o direful_a effect_n that_o attend_v it_o now_o as_o the_o original_a of_o the_o word_n will_v justify_v this_o large_a signification_n so_o will_v the_o common_a use_n thereof_o bear_v it_o but_o if_o it_o be_v object_v that_o this_o word_n be_v take_v general_o for_o that_o contest_v by_o force_n of_o arm_n that_o be_v public_a i_o answer_v that_o this_o argue_v not_o that_o single_a combat_n may_v not_o be_v also_o so_o call_v for_o most_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o the_o name_n of_o the_o genus_fw-la do_v often_o peculiar_o adhere_v unto_o that_o of_o its_o species_n which_o be_v most_o excellent_a as_o to_o justice_n i_o do_v not_o admit_v of_o it_o in_o this_o definition_n because_o it_o be_v the_o subject_a of_o this_o whole_a treatise_n to_o inquire_v whether_o any_o war_n be_v just_o and_o what_o war_n be_v so_o but_o that_o which_o we_o seek_v must_v be_v distinguish_v from_o that_o concern_v which_o we_o seek_v iii_o right_n as_o it_o relate_v to_o action_n define_v and_o divide_v whereas_o the_o subject_n of_o this_o whole_a treatise_n be_v the_o right_n of_o war_n we_o be_v in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o understand_v what_o we_o say_v just_a now_o whether_o any_o war_n be_v just_a and_o in_o the_o next_o place_n what_o it_o be_v in_o war_n that_o be_v just_a for_o we_o understand_v in_o this_o place_n by_o the_o word_n right_o that_o which_o be_v just_a and_o that_o also_o rather_o in_o the_o negative_a than_o in_o the_o positive_a sense_n so_o as_o we_o here_o term_v that_o just_a which_o be_v not_o unjust_a now_o that_o we_o account_v unjust_a which_o be_v repugnant_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o rational_a society_n as_o for_o example_n to_o rob_v another_o to_o enrich_v ourselves_o 3._o de_fw-fr off_z l._n 3._o be_v as_o cicero_n observe_v contrary_a to_o nature_n which_o he_o thus_o prove_v if_o this_o say_v he_o be_v allow_v all_o society_n and_o communion_n between_o man_n will_v quick_o be_v dissolve_v so_o for_o one_o man_n to_o betray_v or_o deceive_v another_o be_v unjust_a as_o florentinus_n prove_v because_o it_o break_v that_o bond_n of_o alliance_n wherein_o nature_n have_v link_v together_o all_o mankind_n for_o mutual_a defence_n 32._o de_fw-fr ira_fw-la l._n 2._o c._n 32._o which_o seneca_n thus_o illustrates_n just_o as_o all_o the_o member_n of_o the_o body_n ought_v to_o be_v equal_o solicitous_a one_o for_o another_o because_o in_o the_o preservation_n of_o each_o part_n consist_v the_o welfare_n of_o the_o whole_a so_o ought_v all_o man_n to_o forbear_v each_o other_o because_o they_o be_v bear_v for_o society_n for_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a for_o any_o society_n long_o to_o stand_v unless_o every_o part_n thereof_o be_v cherish_v and_o defend_v by_o the_o whole_a 48._o ep._n 48._o so_o in_o another_o place_n that_o society_n be_v faithful_o and_o religious_o to_o be_v preserve_v which_o so_o unite_v we_o one_o to_o another_o that_o we_o all_o agree_v in_o this_o that_o there_o be_v somewhat_o whereunto_o all_o mankind_n have_v a_o common_a right_n but_o as_o of_o society_n some_o consist_v of_o person_n that_o be_v equal_a as_o that_o of_o brother_n of_o citizen_n of_o friend_n and_o ally_n and_o some_o consist_v of_o person_n that_o be_v unequal_a and_o these_o also_o vary_v according_a to_o their_o degree_n of_o excellency_n as_o that_o of_o parent_n and_o child_n of_o master_n and_o servant_n of_o king_n and_o their_o subject_n numa_n numa_n god_n and_o man_n for_o such_o a_o society_n there_o be_v if_o philo_n and_o plutarch_n deceive_v we_o not_o even_o so_o thing_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v just_a or_o unjust_a respective_o for_o one_o thing_n may_v be_v just_a in_o respect_n of_o those_o that_o live_v together_o be_v equal_v and_o another_o one_o thing_n may_v be_v just_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o person_n govern_v and_o the_o person_n govern_v as_o such_o whereof_o this_o shall_v be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o right_n of_o ruler_n and_o that_o the_o right_n of_o equal_n iu._n right_o as_o it_o be_v a_o quality_n divide_v into_o faculty_n and_o fitness_n there_o be_v also_o another_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n right_o which_o though_o different_a from_o this_o do_v notwithstanding_o arise_v from_o it_o and_o respect_v the_o qualification_n of_o the_o person_n in_o which_o sense_n it_o signify_v a_o moral_a quality_n in_o any_o person_n sufficient_a to_o enable_v he_o just_o to_o have_v or_o to_o do_v something_o now_o this_o right_n
be_v that_o which_o govern_v any_o city_n now_o a_o city_n be_v a_o complete_a company_n of_o freeman_n associate_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o own_o right_n and_o for_o their_o common_a profit_n that_o law_n that_o be_v of_o lesser_a extent_n and_o arise_v not_o from_o the_o civil_a power_n though_o subject_n unto_o it_o be_v various_a comprehend_v under_o it_o that_o of_o a_o father_n over_o his_o child_n that_o of_o a_o master_n over_o his_o servant_n and_o the_o like_a that_o law_n which_o be_v more_o extensive_a than_o that_o which_o be_v civil_a be_v that_o of_o nation_n which_o derive_v its_o authority_n from_o the_o joint_a consent_n of_o all_o or_o at_o least_o of_o many_o nation_n i_o say_v of_o many_o because_o there_o be_v hardly_o any_o law_n beside_o that_o of_o nature_n which_o also_o be_v usual_o call_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n that_o be_v common_a to_o all_o nation_n yea_o ofttimes_o that_o which_o be_v account_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n in_o one_o part_n of_o the_o world_n in_o another_o be_v not_o as_o we_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o when_o we_o treat_v of_o captivity_n and_o postliminy_n now_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n be_v prove_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o unwritten_a civil_a law_n be_v namely_o by_o continual_a use_n and_o the_o testimony_n of_o man_n skilful_a in_o the_o law_n and_o therefore_o dio_n chrysostome_n call_v it_o the_o daughter_n of_o time_n and_o experience_n and_o to_o this_o purpose_n be_v the_o annal_n of_o former_a age_n of_o singular_a use_n xv._o the_o divine_a voluntary_a law_n divide_v the_o divine_a voluntary_a law_n be_v that_o which_o be_v warrant_v by_o the_o express_a will_n of_o god_n as_o may_v be_v understand_v by_o the_o very_a word_n itself_o whereby_o it_o be_v difference_v from_o the_o natural_a law_n which_o in_o some_o sense_n may_v be_v term_v divine_a also_o and_o here_o that_o which_o be_v say_v by_o anaxarchus_n in_o plutarch_n though_o somewhat_o confuse_o may_v take_v place_n namely_o that_o god_n do_v not_o will_n thing_n because_o they_o be_v just_a but_o thing_n be_v therefore_o just_a that_o be_v right_o due_a because_o he_o wiâ—s_v they_o now_o this_o law_n be_v give_v by_o god_n either_o to_o all_o mankind_n or_o to_o one_o nation_n to_o all_o mankind_n we_o find_v that_o god_n give_v law_n thâ—iâ—e_v auditor_n that_o this_o voluntary_a divine_a law_n be_v as_o oblige_v before_o the_o write_n of_o it_o in_o â—ooks_n or_o table_n as_o it_o be_v or_o be_v since_o be_v clear_a for_o first_o if_o the_o oblige_a power_n be_v only_o from_o the_o time_n when_o it_o be_v write_v by_o moses_n they_o that_o live_v before_o moses_n be_v no_o way_n oblige_v by_o it_o because_o till_o then_o it_o be_v not_o write_v second_o than_o the_o obligation_n must_v needs_o extend_v itself_o to_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o law_n so_o write_v and_o so_o to_o every_o circumstance_n of_o the_o judaical_a sabbath_n as_o well_o as_o to_o the_o acknowledgement_n of_o the_o only_a true_a god_n neither_o be_v it_o sufficient_a to_o say_v it_o be_v write_v in_o the_o time_n of_o adam_n and_o noah_n it_o be_v uncertain_a unto_o we_o now_o whether_o there_o be_v so_o ancient_a a_o record_n or_o not_o much_o more_o *_o whether_o that_o which_o be_v write_v be_v as_o the_o table_n of_o the_o law_n write_v by_o the_o finger_n of_o god_n *_o dr._n hammond_n the_o six_o law_n give_v by_o god_n to_o adam_n and_o noah_n as_o first_o that_o against_o strange_a and_o false_a worship_n second_o that_o of_o blessing_n the_o name_n of_o god_n that_o be_v of_o adore_v invocate_a and_o praise_v god_n three_o that_o of_o judgement_n that_o be_v of_o erect_v of_o magistrate_n and_o require_v administration_n of_o justice_n four_o that_o of_o disclose_v nakedness_n i._n e._n set_v bound_n to_o lust_n and_o prohibit_v marriage_n within_o such_o degree_n five_o that_o of_o shed_v blood_n against_o homicide_n and_o sixthly_a that_o against_o theft_n and_o rapine_n and_o of_o do_v to_o all_o as_o they_o will_v be_v do_v unto_o be_v not_o where_o record_v in_o holy_a writ_n yet_o be_v they_o as_o oblige_v to_o the_o jâ—ws_n that_o know_v they_o as_o any_o of_o the_o write_a law_n of_o moses_n we_o shall_v find_v they_o touch_v at_o act._n 15.20_o â—ut_v so_o sure_o that_o have_v it_o not_o be_v for_o those_o writing_n of_o the_o jew_n that_o be_v never_o within_o their_o canon_n nor_o in_o we_o we_o of_o these_o time_n have_v never_o know_v to_o what_o that_o reference_n belong_v and_o as_o all_o the_o law_n that_o be_v give_v to_o adam_n noah_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o patriarch_n although_o not_o commit_v to_o writing_n nor_o traduce_v to_o we_o yet_o lose_v nothing_o of_o their_o oblige_a power_n to_o they_o to_o who_o they_o be_v give_v so_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o new_a law_n although_o christ_n reveal_v much_o of_o his_o father_n will_n in_o sermon_n and_o other_o occasional_a discourse_n very_o few_o whereof_o be_v write_v and_o those_o that_o be_v be_v not_o so_o write_v until_o many_o year_n after_o his_o resurrection_n yet_o will_v no_o man_n say_v that_o because_o they_o be_v not_o leave_v write_v therefore_o they_o do_v not_o oblige_v his_o auditor_n first_o immediate_o after_o the_o creation_n of_o man_n second_o in_o the_o restauration_n of_o mankind_n after_o the_o flood_n and_o three_o in_o that_o more_o perfect_a reparation_n by_o christ_n tâ—ese_n three_o law_n do_v doubtless_o oblige_v all_o mankind_n as_o soon_o as_o and_o as_o far_o forth_o as_o man_n arrive_v at_o the_o knowledge_n of_o they_o xvi_o the_o law_n give_v to_o the_o jew_n do_v not_o oblige_v stranger_n of_o all_o the_o nation_n of_o the_o earth_n there_o be_v but_o one_o to_o who_o god_n vouchsafe_v to_o give_v law_n peculiar_a to_o themselves_o which_o be_v that_o of_o the_o jew_n what_o nation_n say_v moses_n so_o great_a to_o who_o god_n have_v give_v statute_n and_o judgement_n so_o righteous_a as_o this_o whole_a law_n deut._n 4.7_o so_o likewise_o davia_n the_o lord_n have_v show_v his_o word_n unto_o jacob_n his_o statute_n and_o ordinance_n unto_o israel_n non_fw-la ita_fw-la fecit_fw-la genti_fw-la ulli_fw-la he_o have_v not_o do_v so_o to_o any_o nation_n neither_o have_v the_o heathen_a knowledge_n of_o his_o law_n 147._o psalm_n 147._o doubtless_o then_o those_o jew_n and_o among_o they_o tryphon_n himself_o in_o his_o disceptation_n against_o justine_n do_v gross_o err_v who_o hold_v that_o even_o foreigner_n if_o they_o will_v be_v save_v must_v submit_v to_o the_o yoke_n of_o the_o moysaicall_a law_n for_o that_o law_n bind_v none_o but_o those_o to_o who_o it_o be_v give_v and_o who_o these_o be_v the_o preface_n to_o the_o law_n itself_o will_v plain_o declare_v audi_fw-la israel_n hear_v o_o israel_n say_v the_o text_n and_o every_o where_o we_o read_v that_o the_o covenant_n be_v make_v with_o they_o and_o that_o they_o be_v choose_v to_o be_v the_o peculiar_a people_n of_o god_n which_o maimonides_n acknowledge_v to_o be_v true_a and_o prove_v it_o out_o of_o deut._n 33.4_o but_o even_o among_o the_o jew_n there_o always_o live_v some_o foreigner_n be_v holy_a man_n and_o such_o as_o fear_v god_n as_o the_o syrophoenician_n woman_n mat._n 15.22_o cornelius_n act_v 10.2_o the_o grecian_n mention_v act_n 18.4_o who_o they_o call_v the_o pious_a among_o the_o gentile_n such_o as_o be_v term_v stranger_n leu._n 22.25_o and_o a_o sojourner_n leu._n 25.47_o who_o the_o chaldee_n paraphra_v call_v a_o inhabitant_n that_o be_v uncircumcised_a whereof_o we_o may_v read_v exod._n 12.45_o who_o be_v distinguish_v from_o a_o proselyte_n who_o though_o a_o foreigner_n yet_o be_v circumcise_v as_o appear_v bâ—_n compare_v this_o place_n with_o that_o of_o numb_a 9.14_o these_o uncircumcised_a sojourner_n maimonides_n admit_v may_v be_v partaker_n of_o the_o blessing_n of_o the_o life_n to_o come_v st._n chrysostome_n upon_o the_o second_o to_o the_o roman_n 10._o rom._n 2.9_o 10._o where_o st_n paul_n mention_n the_o jew_n and_o gentile_a write_v thus_o what_o jew_n and_o what_o gentile_a do_v st._n paul_n here_o mean_a sure_o those_o say_v he_o that_o live_v before_o christ_n as_o job_n the_o ninevite_n melchisedeck_v cornelius_n etc._n etc._n and_o what_o grecian_n do_v he_o discourse_v of_o sure_o not_o such_o as_o be_v idolater_n but_o such_o as_o worship_v god_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n who_o set_v aside_o the_o jewish_a ceremony_n religious_o observe_v all_o thing_n that_o appertain_v to_o a_o holy_a life_n and_o again_o the_o grecian_a he_o call_v not_o he_o that_o worship_v idol_n but_o he_o that_o be_v pious_a and_o devout_a though_o be_v submit_v not_o to_o the_o jewish_a rite_n and_o thus_o likewise_o do_v he_o expound_v that_o of_o st._n paul_n to_o he_o
that_o be_v without_o law_n as_o be_v free_a from_o the_o law_n and_o in_o another_o place_n a_o greek_z he_o call_v not_o he_o that_o be_v give_v to_o idol_n but_o he_o that_o invoke_v the_o true_a god_n statuis_fw-la orat._n 2._o de_fw-la statuis_fw-la and_o yet_o observe_v not_o the_o jewish_a ceremony_n as_o their_o sabbath_n their_o circumcision_n their_o ablution_n and_o the_o like_a but_o yet_o endeavour_v to_o steer_v the_o whole_a course_n of_o his_o life_n according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o wisdom_n and_o true_a piety_n now_o these_o as_o the_o hebrew_n doctor_n themselves_o testify_v be_v bind_v to_o live_v in_o conformity_n to_o the_o law_n give_v to_o adam_n and_o noah_n abstain_v from_o idol_n and_o blood_n and_o from_o other_o thing_n hereafter_o express_v but_o not_o to_o the_o law_n peculiar_a to_o the_o jew_n and_o therefore_o whereas_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a for_o the_o jew_n to_o eat_v the_o flesh_n of_o any_o thing_n that_o die_v of_o itself_o yet_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o the_o stranger_n live_v among_o they_o so_o to_o do_v deut._n 14.21_o unless_o it_o be_v to_o some_o particular_a law_n wherein_o it_o be_v express_o provide_v that_o as_o well_o the_o stranger_n as_o the_o home_n bear_v be_v bind_v to_o observe_v they_o for_o we_o read_v that_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o the_o stranger_n that_o never_o submit_v to_o the_o moysaicall_a law_n to_o worship_n god_n even_o in_o the_o temple_n at_o jerusalem_n yet_o so_o that_o he_o stand_v in_o a_o particular_a place_n by_o himself_o separate_v from_o that_o of_o the_o hebrew_n as_o you_o may_v read_v 1_o king_n 8.41_o jo._n 12.20_o act._n 8.27_o neither_o do_v elisha_n enjoin_v naaman_n nor_o ionas_n the_o ninevite_n nor_o daniel_n nabuchadnezzar_n nor_o the_o other_o prophet_n persuade_v the_o syrian_n moabite_n or_o egyptian_n unto_o who_o they_o write_v that_o there_o be_v any_o necessity_n at_o all_o for_o they_o to_o submit_v to_o the_o yoke_n of_o the_o jewish_a law_n and_o what_o i_o say_v here_o of_o the_o whole_a law_n be_v true_a also_o of_o circumcision_n which_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o introduction_n unto_o it_o with_o this_o only_a difference_n that_o to_o the_o whole_a law_n of_o moses_n the_o israelite_n only_o be_v bind_v but_o to_o that_o of_o circumcision_n all_o the_o posterity_n of_o abraham_n and_o from_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o idumean_n be_v the_o offspring_n of_o esau_n ishmael_n or_o cetura_fw-la be_v compel_v by_o the_o israelite_n to_o be_v circumcise_v as_o both_o the_o jewish_a and_o grecian_a history_n inform_v we_o beside_o of_o all_o other_o nation_n 2.14_o rom._n 2.14_o that_o of_o st._n paul_n hold_v true_a see_v that_o the_o gentile_n who_o have_v not_o the_o law_n do_v by_o nature_n the_o thing_n of_o the_o law_n that_o be_v by_o their_o own_o manner_n and_o custom_n flow_v from_o the_o original_a fountain_n of_o reason_n unless_o any_o man_n have_v rather_o refer_v the_o word_n nature_n to_o the_o word_n forego_v thereby_o oppose_v the_o gentile_n to_o the_o jew_n who_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v bear_v have_v their_o law_n instill_v into_o they_o these_o have_v not_o the_o law_n be_v a_o law_n unto_o themselves_o as_o show_v the_o work_n of_o the_o law_n write_v in_o their_o heart_n their_o thought_n and_o conscience_n mutual_o accuse_v or_o excuse_v themselves_o and_o that_o also_o in_o the_o 26_o verse_n of_o the_o same_o chapter_n if_o the_o uncircumcision_n keep_v the_o law_n shall_v not_o his_o uncircumcision_n be_v account_v for_o circumcision_n thus_o do_v chrysostome_n expound_v that_o place_n of_o st._n paul_n before_o cite_v the_o gentile_n by_o nature_n that_o be_v by_o the_o very_a dictate_v of_o right_a reason_n and_o present_o after_o in_o this_o say_v he_o be_v they_o to_o be_v admire_v that_o they_o stand_v in_o no_o need_n of_o the_o law_n to_o guide_v they_o and_o that_o instead_o thereof_o they_o be_v guide_v only_o by_o the_o use_n of_o reason_n and_o the_o light_n of_o their_o own_o conscience_n thus_o also_o do_v tertullian_n argue_v against_o the_o jew_n of_o his_o age_n long_o say_v he_o before_o moses_n write_v the_o law_n in_o the_o table_n of_o stone_n there_o be_v as_o i_o will_v justify_v a_o law_n natural_o understand_v and_o observe_v by_o the_o patriarch_n 2._o ant._n lib._n 20._o c._n 2._o and_o therefore_o ananias_n the_o jew_n in_o josephus_n do_v right_o inform_v izates_n adiabenus_n that_o god_n may_v be_v due_o worship_v and_o well_o please_v with_o we_o although_o we_o be_v not_o circumcise_v and_o triphon_n himself_o grant_v this_o to_o justin_n that_o there_o be_v some_o hope_n leave_v he_o of_o a_o better_a condition_n though_o he_o do_v persist_v in_o the_o way_n of_o his_o own_o philosophy_n now_o the_o reason_n why_o so_o many_o stranger_n among_o the_o jew_n be_v circumcise_v and_o thereby_o oblige_v to_o keep_v the_o law_n as_o st._n paul_n expound_v it_o be_v 5.3_o the_o reason_n why_o stranger_n be_v circumcise_v gal._n 5.3_o partly_o that_o they_o may_v partake_v of_o the_o privilege_n of_o the_o jewish_a commonwealth_n for_o proselyte_n enjoy_v the_o same_o right_n with_o the_o israelite_n as_o may_v be_v gather_v out_o of_o numb_a 15._o and_o be_v plain_o assert_v exod._n 12.27_o and_o partly_o that_o thereby_o they_o may_v be_v make_v capable_a of_o those_o promise_n which_o be_v not_o common_a to_o all_o nation_n but_o peculiar_a to_o the_o jew_n only_o although_o i_o can_v deny_v but_o that_o there_o grow_v up_o afterward_o a_o erroneous_a opinion_n affirm_v that_o without_o the_o pale_a of_o the_o jewish_a church_n there_o can_v be_v no_o salvation_n from_o hence_o then_o we_o may_v collect_v that_o we_o gentile_n stand_v oblige_v to_o no_o part_n of_o the_o moysaicall_a law_n as_o a_o law_n proper_o so_o call_v because_o all_o obligation_n beyond_o that_o which_o arise_v from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lawgiver_n but_o that_o it_o be_v the_o will_n of_o god_n that_o any_o other_o nation_n beside_o the_o jew_n shall_v be_v bind_v by_o that_o law_n can_v be_v make_v out_o by_o any_o solid_a argument_n we_o need_v not_o therefore_o as_o to_o ourselves_o prove_v the_o abrogation_n of_o that_o law_n because_o it_o can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v abrogate_a as_o to_o they_o who_o it_o never_o bind_v yea_o even_o to_o the_o jew_n themselves_o the_o oblige_a power_n be_v abolish_v as_o to_o the_o ceremonial_a law_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o evangelical_n law_n begin_v to_o be_v promulgate_v which_o be_v plain_o reveal_v to_o st._n peter_n act_v 10.15_o 10.15_o act_n 10.15_o and_o as_o to_o the_o rest_n after_o that_o people_n cease_v to_o be_v a_o people_n by_o the_o destruction_n of_o their_o city_n and_o that_o general_a desolation_n that_o succeed_v without_o any_o hope_n of_o restitution_n but_o we_o who_o be_v stranger_n be_v not_o free_v from_o that_o law_n by_o the_o advent_n of_o christ_n but_o by_o christ_n we_o who_o before_o have_v nothing_o but_o a_o faint_a and_o obscure_a hope_n place_v only_o in_o the_o goodness_n of_o god_n be_v now_o strengthen_v by_o a_o clear_a and_o firm_a covenant_n assure_v we_o that_o we_o also_o may_v grow_v up_o together_o with_o the_o jew_n be_v the_o son_n of_o the_o patriarch_n into_o one_o church_n the_o judaical_a law_n which_o be_v that_o partition-wall_n that_o keep_v we_o asunder_o be_v now_o take_v away_o as_o st_z paul_n testify_v to_o the_o ephesian_n 2.14_o eph._n 2.14_o xvii_o what_o christian_n may_v learn_v from_o the_o moysaicall_a law_n since_o the_o moysaicall_a law_n can_v direct_o oblige_v we_o as_o have_v be_v already_o prove_v let_v we_o now_o see_v of_o what_o other_o use_v it_o will_v be_v to_o we_o as_o well_o in_o this_o case_n of_o war_n as_o in_o the_o liâ—e_z doubtful_a case_n the_o knowledge_n of_o this_o be_v very_o necessary_a for_o the_o clear_n of_o diverse_a case_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n from_o hence_o we_o may_v be_v assure_v that_o what_o be_v heretofore_o command_v in_o that_o law_n be_v not_o repugnant_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n for_o since_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v as_o i_o have_v already_o say_v perpetual_a and_o immutable_a nothing_o can_v be_v command_v we_o by_o god_n contrary_a to_o this_o law_n because_o god_n can_v never_o be_v unjust_a 7.12_o psal_n 19.8_o rom._n 7.12_o beside_o the_o law_n of_o moses_n be_v as_o the_o psalmist_n speak_v pure_a and_o right_a and_o as_o the_o apostle_n say_v holy_a just_a and_o good_a which_o place_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o the_o precept_n of_o the_o law_n only_o but_o as_o to_o the_o permission_n of_o the_o law_n we_o must_v speak_v of_o they_o more_o distinct_o now_o legal_a permission_n for_o that_o which_o respect_v the_o bare_a fact_n and_o
imprisonment_n yea_o and_o even_o to_o death_n itself_o this_o then_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n and_o be_v the_o end_n of_o all_o municipal_a law_n must_v needs_o be_v the_o dictate_v of_o right_a reason_n and_o so_o the_o voice_n of_o god_n himself_o whereunto_o whosoever_o willing_o conform_v himself_o will_v certain_o so_o moderate_a his_o desire_n that_o he_o will_v never_o covet_v what_o be_v not_o his_o own_o nor_o either_o by_o force_n or_o fraud_n impoverish_v other_o for_o his_o own_o private_a gain_n than_o which_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o unnatural_a nothing_o more_o unreasonable_a nothing_o more_o destructive_a to_o humane_a society_n neither_o be_v it_o against_o the_o nature_n of_o humane_a society_n for_o a_o man_n to_o provide_v for_o himself_o so_o as_o he_o do_v not_o damnify_v his_o neighbour_n and_o by_o consequence_n that_o force_n which_o do_v not_o violate_v another_o man_n right_n be_v not_o unjust_a which_o the_o same_o cicero_n thus_o express_v since_o there_o be_v but_o two_o sort_n of_o decertation_n the_o one_o by_o argument_n the_o other_o by_o plain_a force_n the_o former_a be_v proper_a to_o man_n the_o other_o to_o beast_n we_o ought_v to_o make_v the_o latter_a our_o refuge_n when_o by_o the_o former_a we_o can_v prevail_v and_o in_o another_o place_n quid_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la contra_fw-la vim_o fieri_fw-la sine_fw-la vi_fw-la posset_n 3._o ep._n fam._n l._n 12._o ep_n 3._o what_o remedy_n can_v we_o have_v against_o force_n but_o by_o force_n so_o vulpian_n to_o repel_v force_n with_o force_n be_v a_o right_a that_o nature_n ordain_v for_o all_o creature_n arm_n against_o arm_n all_o nation_n do_v allow_v ovid._n ovid._n ii_o this_o prove_v by_o history_n what_o i_o have_v already_o lay_v down_o namely_o that_o it_o be_v not_o every_o war_n that_o be_v repugnant_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n may_v be_v far_o justify_v out_o of_o the_o sacred_a story_n for_o god_n by_o his_o highpriest_n melchisedeck_v do_v approve_v of_o the_o war_n make_v by_o abraham_n and_o his_o confederate_n upon_o those_o four_o king_n that_o come_v to_o plunder_v sodom_n yea_o and_o melchisedeck_v bless_v god_n for_o the_o victory_n bless_v say_v he_o be_v the_o most_o high_a god_n who_o have_v deliver_v thy_o enemy_n into_o thy_o hand_n gen._n 14.20_o and_o yet_o have_v abraham_n no_o special_a commission_n from_o god_n for_o it_o but_o be_v excite_v and_o persuade_v thereunto_o by_o the_o mere_a law_n of_o nature_n be_v himself_o a_o man_n not_o only_o exceed_o holy_a but_o very_o wise_a according_a to_o the_o testimony_n that_o berosus_n and_o orpheus_n give_v of_o he_o the_o war_n make_v by_o the_o israelite_n upon_o the_o seven_o nation_n who_o god_n deliver_v up_o unto_o they_o i_o purposely_o omit_v because_o they_o have_v a_o special_a warrant_n from_o god_n to_o make_v war_n upon_o that_o people_n who_o have_v high_o provoke_v he_o and_o therefore_o those_o war_n be_v in_o holy_a writ_n call_v the_o war_n of_o the_o lord_n be_v undertake_v by_o divine_a not_o humane_a authority_n more_o to_o our_o purpose_n be_v that_o war_n make_v by_o the_o israelite_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o moses_n and_o joshua_n against_o the_o amalekite_n who_o have_v forcible_o oppose_v they_o in_o their_o passage_n towards_o canaan_n which_o though_o it_o be_v not_o command_v to_o be_v do_v yet_o be_v do_v be_v approve_v of_o by_o god_n exod._n 17._o 17.14_o exod._n 17.14_o nay_o far_a god_n himself_o prescribe_v unto_o moses_n certain_a general_n and_o last_a rule_n and_o ordinance_n how_o he_o shall_v make_v war_n whereby_o he_o sufficient_o testify_v that_o war_n may_v sometime_o be_v just_a 20.10.15_o deut._n 20.10.15_o though_o we_o have_v no_o special_a command_n from_o god_n to_o make_v this_o or_o that_o war_n for_o there_o moses_n make_v a_o manifest_a difference_n between_o the_o case_n of_o the_o seven_o nation_n and_o the_o case_n of_o other_o people_n for_o these_o they_o may_v receive_v to_o mercy_n but_o not_o they_o and_o see_v he_o do_v not_o prescribe_v for_o what_o particular_a cause_n they_o may_v make_v a_o just_a war_n it_o may_v reasonable_o be_v presume_v that_o those_o cause_n may_v easy_o be_v discern_v by_o the_o very_a light_n of_o nature_n such_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o war_n that_o jephtha_n make_v against_o the_o ammonite_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o boundary_n judg._n 11._o and_o that_o which_o david_n be_v enforce_v upon_o against_o those_o who_o have_v violate_v the_o right_n of_o his_o ambassador_n 2_o sam._n 10._o and_o it_o be_v worthy_a to_o be_v observe_v what_o the_o author_n to_o the_o hebrew_n record_n concern_v those_o pious_a hero_n gideon_n baruck_n samson_n jephtha_n david_n samuel_n etc._n etc._n that_o by_o faith_n they_o subdue_v kingdom_n and_o put_v whole_a army_n of_o the_o alien_n to_o flight_n heb._n 11.34_o where_o under_o the_o notion_n of_o faith_n 11.34_o heb._n 11.34_o be_v include_v a_o full_a assurance_n they_o have_v that_o what_o they_o then_o do_v be_v acceptable_a to_o god_n and_o upon_o this_o presumption_n also_o it_o be_v that_o david_n be_v say_v by_o a_o wise_a woman_n to_o fight_v the_o lord_n battle_n and_o make_v a_o pious_a and_o just_a war_n 25.28_o 1_o sam._n 25.28_o which_o can_v not_o be_v if_o all_o manner_n of_o war_n have_v be_v utter_o unlawful_a iii_o by_o example_n to_o the_o authority_n of_o sacred_a story_n we_o may_v add_v for_o great_a confirmation_n the_o universal_a consent_n of_o all_o or_o at_o least_o of_o the_o wise_a of_o all_o nation_n concern_v that_o force_n whereby_o our_o life_n be_v defend_v cicero_n give_v we_o the_o testimony_n of_o nature_n itself_o est_fw-la haec_fw-la non_fw-la scripta_fw-la sed_fw-la nata_fw-la lex_fw-la this_o say_v he_o be_v no_o write_a law_n but_o a_o law_n that_o be_v bear_v with_o we_o miloâ—e_n pro_fw-la miloâ—e_n that_o if_o our_o life_n be_v endanger_v either_o through_o force_n or_o treachery_n all_o mean_v we_o can_v use_v for_o our_o safety_n be_v just_a and_o honest_a and_o again_o this_o the_o learned_a be_v teach_v by_o reason_n the_o unlearned_a by_o necessity_n the_o nation_n by_o custom_n and_o the_o very_a beast_n themselves_o by_o natural_a instinct_n to_o repel_v by_o all_o mean_n whatsoever_o all_o force_n and_o violence_n that_o shall_v be_v offer_v we_o whereby_o our_o body_n our_o member_n or_o our_o life_n shall_v be_v endanger_v so_o cajus_n the_o lawyer_n against_o all_o imminent_a danger_n 25._o de_fw-fr bello_fw-la jud._n l._n 3._o c._n 25._o natural_a reason_n teach_v we_o to_o defend_v ourselves_o and_o florentinus_n whatsoever_o any_o man_n do_v in_o his_o own_o defence_n be_v just_a and_o lawful_a josephus_n also_o inform_v we_o that_o to_o preserve_v life_n be_v a_o law_n that_o nature_n herself_o have_v imprint_v in_o all_o live_a creature_n and_o for_o this_o cause_n it_o be_v that_o they_o who_o endeavour_v to_o dispoil_v we_o of_o our_o life_n be_v just_o account_v our_o enemy_n which_o indeed_o have_v so_o much_o of_o natural_a equity_n that_o even_o among_o beast_n who_o as_o i_o have_v say_v already_o have_v nothing_o of_o justice_n or_o law_n among_o they_o more_o than_o a_o faint_a shadow_n or_o resemblance_n of_o it_o we_o distinguish_v between_o that_o beast_n which_o of_o his_o own_o accord_n assault_v we_o and_o that_o which_o assault_v we_o in_o its_o own_o defence_n and_o ulpian_n notwithstanding_o that_o he_o have_v say_v before_o that_o beast_n want_v the_o use_n of_o reason_n can_v not_o be_v say_v proper_o to_o do_v wrong_n yet_o he_o present_o subjoin_v that_o when_o ram_n or_o bull_n fight_v and_o kill_v each_o other_o by_o the_o law_n of_o qu._n mutius_n they_o be_v to_o distinguish_v between_o they_o so_o that_o if_o he_o perish_v that_o be_v the_o aggressor_n the_o action_n be_v null_a but_o if_o he_o perish_v that_o be_v provoke_v the_o action_n be_v good_a the_o ground_n of_o which_o law_n be_v set_v down_o by_o pliny_n because_o say_v he_o there_o be_v no_o sensible_a creature_n but_o what_o be_v impatient_a of_o a_o injury_n and_o be_v assault_v will_v assault_v again_o for_o as_o he_o well_o observe_v lion_n will_v not_o prey_v upon_o lion_n nor_o serpent_n bite_v or_o sting_v serpent_n yet_o if_o any_o violence_n be_v offer_v they_o there_o be_v none_o but_o will_v express_v somewhat_o that_o be_v like_a unto_o anger_n none_o so_o stupid_a but_o be_v hurt_v will_v to_o his_o utmost_a power_n defend_v himself_o so_o that_o in_o all_o contest_v that_o which_o be_v defensive_a be_v the_o most_o just_a because_o natura_fw-la potior_fw-la est_fw-la salus_fw-la nostra_fw-la quam_fw-la adversarii_fw-la pernity_n commandment_n pernity_n quintil._n l._n 7._o c._n 2._o see_v philo_n in_o the_o preface_n upon_o the_o five_o commandment_n our_o own_o preservation_n be_v more_o agreeable_a to_o
his_o time_n and_o those_o say_n that_o be_v there_o rehearse_v as_o speak_v to_o they_o of_o old_a be_v mean_v as_o speak_v by_o moses_n himself_o not_o by_o the_o lawyer_n either_o in_o the_o same_o word_n 27.19_o exod._n 20.13_o lâ—vit_fw-la 20.21_o exod._n 20.14_o deut._n 24.1_o exod._n 20._o â—_o leu._n 24.20.19.18_o exod._n 34.2_o deut._n 7.1_o exod._n 27.19_o or_o to_o that_o sense_n as_o thou_o shall_v not_o kill_v whosoever_o kill_v shall_v be_v in_o danger_n of_o judgement_n thou_o shall_v not_o commit_v adultery_n whosoever_o shall_v put_v away_o his_o wife_n let_v he_o give_v she_o a_o write_n of_o divorcement_n thou_o shall_v not_o forswear_v thyself_o thou_o shall_v perform_v unto_o the_o lord_n thy_o oath_n a_o eye_n for_o a_o eye_n and_o a_o tooth_n for_o a_o tooth_n that_o be_v thou_o may_v exact_v this_o in_o judgement_n so_o thou_o shall_v love_v thy_o neighbour_n that_o be_v a_o israelite_n and_o hate_v thy_o enemy_n that_o be_v those_o seven_o nation_n with_o who_o they_o be_v forbid_v to_o contract_v friendship_n or_o to_o who_o they_o ought_v to_o show_v no_o mercy_n unto_o who_o we_o may_v add_v the_o amalekite_n with_o who_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o have_v a_o perpetual_a war_n deut._n 25.19_o now_o the_o better_a to_o understand_v the_o word_n of_o christ_n we_o must_v necessary_o understand_v that_o the_o law_n give_v by_o moses_n will_v admit_v of_o a_o twofold_a construction_n either_o in_o such_o a_o sense_n carnal_a a_o twofold_a sense_n of_o moses_n his_o law_n carnal_a as_o be_v common_a with_o all_o humane_a law_n namely_o as_o it_o restrain_v man_n from_o gross_a sin_n by_o the_o fear_n of_o public_a punishment_n heb._n 2.2_o and_o so_o it_o be_v give_v by_o moses_n to_o restrain_v the_o hebrew_n in_o the_o state_n of_o a_o civil_a government_n heb._n 7.16_o where_o it_o be_v call_v the_o law_n of_o a_o carnal_a commandment_n as_o it_o be_v also_o in_o another_o place_n call_v the_o law_n of_o work_n rom._n 3.27_o 3.27_o rom._n 3.27_o or_o it_o be_v take_v in_o a_o sense_n more_o proper_a to_o a_o divine_a law_n namely_o as_o it_o require_v also_o the_o purity_n of_o the_o mind_n and_o such_o duty_n the_o omission_n whereof_o no_o humane_a law_n do_v punish_v in_o which_o sense_n it_o be_v call_v a_o spiritual_a law_n rom._n 7.14_o spiritual_a spiritual_a comfort_v the_o soul_n psal_n 19.9_o which_o the_o latin_n make_v the_o 18_o the_o pharisee_n and_o lawyer_n content_v themselves_o with_o the_o carnal_a part_n of_o the_o law_n whole_o neglect_v the_o spiritual_a as_o superfluous_a and_o therefore_o never_o instruct_v the_o people_n therein_o as_o not_o our_o own_o writer_n only_o but_o josephus_n and_o many_o of_o their_o own_o doctor_n do_v testify_v against_o they_o but_o as_o to_o the_o spiritual_a part_n also_o we_o must_v know_v that_o those_o virtue_n which_o be_v require_v from_o we_o christian_n be_v either_o command_v or_o commend_v unto_o the_o hebrew_n also_o although_o not_o in_o that_o degree_n and_o latitude_n as_o they_o be_v unto_o we_o which_o we_o have_v already_o prove_v for_o a_o more_o perfect_a and_o exact_a obedience_n be_v now_o require_v from_o we_o ult_n supra_fw-la ch_n â—_o §._o ult_n than_o be_v former_o from_o the_o jew_n because_o the_o come_n of_o christ_n do_v heighten_v our_o hope_n by_o far_o more_o precious_a promise_n and_o the_o grace_n of_o his_o spirit_n which_o descend_v unto_o they_o but_o as_o a_o little_a dew_n upon_o the_o herb_n fall_v on_o we_o as_o shower_n on_o the_o grass_n 44._o chrysost_n de_fw-fr virg_n c._n 44._o under_o the_o law_n god_n do_v not_o bind_v we_o up_o to_o so_o great_a a_o measure_n of_o virtue_n as_o hâ—â—ow_o do_v under_o the_o gospel_n than_o it_o be_v permit_v to_o take_v some_o revenge_n for_o injury_n do_v as_o to_o revile_v they_o that_o revile_v we_o we_o may_v exact_v a_o eye_n for_o a_o eye_n a_o tooth_n for_o a_o tooth_n it_o be_v then_o permit_v unto_o we_o to_o swear_v though_o not_o to_o for_o swear_v and_o to_o hate_v our_o enemy_n it_o be_v not_o as_o yet_o forbid_v to_o be_v angry_a to_o put_v away_o a_o wife_n that_o offend_v we_o or_o to_o marry_v another_o nay_o nor_o to_o have_v diverse_a at_o the_o same_o time_n great_a be_v the_o indulgence_n of_o the_o old_a law_n in_o these_o and_o the_o like_a case_n but_o since_o the_o come_n of_o christ_n the_o way_n to_o heaven_n be_v make_v much_o strait_o and_o narrow_a than_o before_o both_o by_o the_o addition_n of_o many_o new_a precept_n not_o give_v in_o the_o old_a law_n and_o also_o by_o strain_v up_o those_o that_o be_v so_o give_v to_o a_o much_o high_a key_n christ_n therefore_o oppose_v his_o own_o doctrine_n to_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o ancient_n in_o both_o these_o sense_n first_o because_o his_o own_o take_v not_o hold_v of_o the_o outward_a man_n only_o to_o restrain_v it_o by_o pure_a negative_n as_o other_o law_n do_v but_o restrain_v the_o inward_a man_n also_o oblige_v to_o positive_a duty_n who_o omission_n be_v not_o punishable_a by_o moses_n his_o law_n but_o also_o in_o the_o second_o place_n because_o it_o enjoin_v spiritual_a duty_n in_o that_o height_n of_o degree_n that_o neither_o moses_n nor_o any_o other_o lawgiver_n do_v ever_o reach_v whence_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o what_o christ_n deliver_v be_v not_o a_o bare_a interpretation_n of_o moses_n his_o law_n as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o but_o yet_o that_o these_o thing_n shall_v be_v know_v be_v not_o only_o pertinent_a to_o the_o matter_n in_o hand_n but_o to_o many_o other_o purpose_n lest_o we_o shall_v attribute_v great_a authority_n to_o moses_n his_o law_n than_o indeed_o be_v fit_a or_o due_a unto_o it_o vii_o that_o it_o be_v not_o repugnant_a to_o the_o gospel_n to_o make_v war._n omit_v such_o argument_n as_o be_v less_o convince_a the_o first_o and_o principal_a testimony_n whereby_o it_o may_v easy_o be_v prove_v that_o all_o right_n of_o make_v war_n be_v not_o full_o take_v away_o by_o the_o evangelical_n law_n be_v that_o of_o st._n paul_n to_o timothy_n i_o exhort_v you_o say_v st._n paul_n that_o above_o all_o thing_n prayer_n and_o supplication_n intercession_n and_o give_v of_o thanks_o be_v make_v for_o all_o man_n for_o king_n and_o such_o as_o be_v in_o authority_n 3._o 1_o tim._n 2.1_o 2_o 3._o that_o we_o may_v lead_v a_o quiet_a and_o peaceable_a life_n in_o all_o godliness_n and_o honesty_n for_o this_o be_v good_a and_o acceptable_a in_o the_o sight_n of_o god_n our_o saviour_n who_o will_v have_v all_o man_n to_o be_v save_v and_o to_o come_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o truth_n from_o whence_o these_o three_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v learn_v first_o that_o it_o be_v acceptable_a unto_o god_n that_o king_n be_v make_v christian_n arg._n 1_o second_o that_o be_v make_v so_o yet_o they_o cease_v not_o to_o be_v king_n which_o justin_n martyr_n thus_o express_v we_o pray_v say_v he_o that_o king_n and_o prince_n may_v together_o with_o their_o regal_a power_n retain_v a_o sound_n and_o perfect_a mind_n and_o this_o also_o in_o the_o three_o place_n we_o may_v learn_v that_o christian_a king_n shall_v use_v their_o utmost_a endeavour_n that_o other_o christian_n may_v lead_v under_o they_o godly_a and_o christian_a life_n but_o you_o will_v happy_o say_v how_o sure_o the_o same_o apostle_n explain_v himself_o elsewhere_o thus_o he_o be_v the_o minister_n of_o god_n for_o thy_o good_a and_o if_o thou_o do_v ill_o than_o fear_n sword_n the_o right_a of_o the_o sword_n non_fw-la enim_fw-la frustra_fw-la gladium_fw-la gerit_fw-la for_o he_o bear_v not_o the_o sword_n in_o vain_a for_o he_o be_v god_n minister_n a_o avenger_n to_o execute_v wrath_n upon_o they_o that_o do_v evil_a under_o the_o right_n of_o the_o sword_n be_v comprehend_v all_o manner_n of_o restrain_v or_o coercive_a authority_n and_o so_o it_o be_v also_o sometime_o understand_v by_o lawyer_n yet_o so_o that_o the_o chief_a and_o principal_a part_n that_o be_v the_o true_a and_o proper_a use_n of_o the_o sword_n be_v not_o exclude_v 2._o psalm_n 2._o the_o second_o psalm_n do_v very_o much_o conduce_v to_o the_o understanding_n of_o this_o power_n which_o psalm_n though_o verify_v of_o david_n yet_o be_v much_o full_a and_o clear_a understand_v of_o christ_n as_o we_o may_v collect_v out_o of_o act_n 4.25_o and_o act_v 13.33_o and_o out_o of_o heb._n 5.5_o now_o that_o psalm_n exhort_v all_o king_n to_o kiss_v the_o son_n of_o god_n with_o reverence_n king_n how_o king_n serve_v god_n as_o king_n that_o be_v to_o express_v themselves_o his_o servant_n as_o they_o be_v king_n for_o so_o st._n aug._n right_o expound_v that_o place_n who_o very_a word_n as_o be_v pertinent_a to_o our_o purpose_n sound_v thus_o herein_o say_v he_o do_v
among_o we_o that_o live_v not_o conformable_o to_o those_o precept_n be_v only_o in_o name_n christian_n that_o such_o shall_v be_v punish_v and_o that_o by_o you_o be_v our_o desire_n as_o well_o as_o you_o from_o whence_o we_o may_v collect_v that_o it_o be_v st._n paul_n opinion_n even_o after_o the_o gospel_n be_v publish_v that_o there_o be_v some_o crime_n which_o in_o common_a equity_n deserve_v death_n which_o very_a thing_n be_v grant_v by_o st._n peter_n also_o 1_o pet._n 2.19_o 20._o but_o if_o it_o have_v be_v god_n will_n that_o no_o capital_a punishment_n shall_v have_v be_v execute_v after_o christ_n come_n st._n paul_n may_v have_v purge_v himself_o but_o he_o think_v it_o not_o convenient_a to_o instil_v such_o principle_n into_o the_o mind_n of_o his_o hearer_n as_o though_o it_o have_v not_o be_v as_o lawful_a then_o as_o formerly_z to_o punish_v criminal_n with_o death_n wherefore_o he_o wave_v this_o plea_n and_o submit_v to_o the_o ancient_a law_n if_o i_o have_v do_v any_o thing_n worthy_a of_o death_n i_o refuse_v not_o to_o die_v now_o have_v thus_o prove_v that_o after_o the_o christian_a law_n be_v give_v it_o be_v lawful_a to_o punish_v obstinate_a malefactor_n with_o death_n i_o take_v it_o to_o be_v sufficient_o prove_v that_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o prince_n to_o make_v war_n namely_o against_o such_o a_o multitude_n of_o offender_n as_o shall_v by_o force_n of_o arm_n infest_v a_o nation_n who_o unless_o they_o be_v by_o force_n subdue_v will_v never_o acknowledge_v their_o own_o guilt_n for_o though_o the_o power_n of_o these_o offender_n and_o their_o obstinate_a resolution_n may_v be_v a_o prudent_a consideration_n to_o persuade_v prince_n sometime_o not_o to_o execute_v it_o yet_o certain_o it_o diminish_v nothing_o of_o their_o right_n so_o to_o punish_v arg._n 11_o the_o last_o argument_n may_v be_v this_o that_o the_o christian_a law_n do_v abrogate_v that_o law_n of_o moses_n only_o that_o do_v separate_v the_o gentile_n from_o the_o jew_n eph._n 2.14_o but_o those_o thing_n which_o have_v the_o reputation_n of_o be_v honest_a either_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o by_o the_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o all_o civilise_v nation_n the_o christian_a law_n be_v so_o far_o from_o take_v away_o that_o it_o comprehend_v they_o under_o that_o general_a precept_n of_o all_o honesty_n and_o virtue_n phil._n 4.8_o 1_o cor._n 11.14_o and_o as_o to_o the_o capital_a punishment_n of_o malefactor_n and_o the_o repel_v of_o injury_n by_o force_n these_o may_v be_v rank_v among_o thing_n laudable_a and_o may_v well_o be_v refer_v unto_o those_o two_o excellent_a virtue_n justice_n and_o beneficence_n but_o here_o on_o the_o by_o we_o be_v not_o to_o omit_v the_o error_n of_o some_o who_o whole_o attribute_v the_o lawfulness_n of_o the_o jewish_a war_n against_o the_o seven_o nation_n to_o the_o grant_n that_o god_n make_v unto_o they_o long_o before_o of_o the_o land_n of_o canaan_n whereas_o this_o indeed_o may_v be_v one_o but_o not_o the_o only_a cause_n for_o as_o well_o before_o as_o after_o the_o possession_n of_o that_o land_n many_o pious_a and_o just_a man_n do_v make_v war_n by_o the_o guidance_n of_o mere_a natural_a reason_n upon_o several_a other_o occasion_n as_o king_n david_n do_v for_o the_o affront_v offer_v unto_o his_o ambassador_n neither_o be_v those_o thing_n which_o every_o man_n enjoy_v by_o the_o right_n of_o humane_a law_n less_o his_o own_o than_o that_o which_o be_v give_v he_o by_o god_n himself_o nor_o be_v that_o right_a either_o lessen_v or_o take_v away_o by_o the_o christian_a law_n viii_o the_o argument_n for_o the_o adverse_a opinion_n answer_v 10._o esay_n 2.4_o orat._n christian_n esse_fw-la deum_fw-la euseb_n de_fw-fr praep_n lib._n 1._o c._n 10._o now_o by_o poise_v these_o argument_n with_o those_o bring_v on_o the_o adverse_a part_n the_o judicious_a may_v easy_o find_v whether_o of_o they_o be_v weighty_a and_o in_o the_o first_o place_n they_o urge_v that_o of_o esay_n and_o it_o shall_v come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o people_n shall_v break_v their_o sword_n into_o ploughshare_n and_o their_o spear_n into_o prune_a hook_n nation_n shall_v not_o lift_v up_o sword_n against_o nation_n neither_o shall_v they_o learn_v war_n any_o more_o which_o word_n of_o esay_n st._n chrysostome_n apply_v unto_o that_o universal_a peace_n that_o the_o world_n enjoy_v under_o the_o roman_a empire_n neither_o be_v it_o foretell_v only_o say_v he_o that_o this_o new_a religion_n shall_v be_v firm_a stable_a and_o unshaken_a but_o that_o therewith_o there_o shall_v come_v peace_n to_o the_o whole_a earth_n but_o this_o prophecy_n of_o esay_n as_o i_o take_v it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v either_o under_o some_o condition_n as_o many_o other_o be_v as_o that_o such_o shall_v be_v the_o state_n of_o affair_n in_o case_n all_o nation_n shall_v submit_v to_o the_o yoke_n of_o christ_n and_o live_v according_a to_o his_o law_n whereunto_o there_o shall_v nothing_o be_v defective_a on_o god_n part_n for_o most_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o if_o all_o be_v christian_n or_o all_o that_o call_v themselves_o so_o will_v live_v after_o the_o rule_n of_o christ_n there_o will_v be_v no_o occasion_n for_o capital_a punishment_n and_o consequent_o no_o use_n at_o all_o of_o the_o sword_n so_o justin_n write_v of_o the_o christian_n in_o his_o time_n non_fw-fr pug_n namus_fw-la in_o host_n we_o say_v he_o fight_v not_o against_o enemy_n and_o thus_o philo_n testify_v of_o the_o esseni_n there_o be_v none_o among_o they_o that_o make_v either_o javelin_n arrow_n sword_n helmet_n or_o any_o other_o instrument_n of_o war._n so_o chrysostome_n si_fw-mi esset_fw-la inter_fw-la homines_fw-la qualis_fw-la oportet_fw-la dilectio_fw-la nullas_fw-la fore_fw-la poenas_fw-la capitales_fw-la if_o there_o be_v that_o perfect_a love_n among_o man_n that_o there_o shall_v be_v there_o will_v be_v no_o need_n at_o all_o of_o capital_a punishment_n then_o also_o as_o arnobius_n speak_v will_v iron_n and_o steel_n be_v convert_v into_o more_o innocent_a and_o profitable_a instrument_n than_o for_o man_n therewith_o to_o kill_v and_o destroy_v each_o other_o or_o this_o place_n of_o esay_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v simple_o and_o pure_o as_o the_o word_n import_v and_o than_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o this_o prophecy_n be_v not_o as_o yet_o accomplish_v but_o the_o fulfil_n thereof_o as_o that_o of_o the_o general_a conversion_n of_o the_o jew_n be_v yet_o to_o be_v hope_v for_o but_o take_v it_o as_o we_o please_v in_o either_o sense_n nothing_o can_v be_v from_o thence_o conclude_v against_o the_o lawfulness_n of_o war_n so_o long_o as_o they_o that_o hearty_o endeavour_v to_o live_v in_o peace_n be_v not_o suffer_v to_o enjoy_v it_o or_o as_o the_o psalmist_n have_v it_o whilst_o some_o be_v endeavour_v after_o peace_n other_o be_v prepare_v themselves_o for_o battle_n expound_v mat._n 5._o expound_v many_o argument_n be_v usual_o draw_v from_o the_o five_o of_o st._n matthew_n for_o the_o resolve_v whereof_o it_o be_v convenient_a that_o we_o shall_v remember_v what_o a_o little_a before_o be_v say_v that_o have_v our_o great_a law_n giver_n intend_v to_o have_v abolish_v all_o capital_a punishment_n and_o this_o right_n of_o make_v war_n he_o will_v certain_o have_v do_v it_o in_o most_o plain_a and_o express_v term_n the_o matter_n be_v so_o weighty_a and_o so_o new_a and_o the_o rather_o because_o none_o of_o the_o jew_n can_v conceive_v or_o imagine_v but_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o moses_n his_o judicial_a law_n so_o long_o as_o their_o commonwealth_n shall_v stand_v this_o be_v thus_o premise_v let_v we_o orderly_o examine_v what_o plain_a and_o conclude_a power_n these_o place_n of_o scripture_n have_v to_o evince_v the_o thing_n they_o be_v bring_v for_o answer_v the_o second_o place_n they_o urge_v be_v this_o you_o have_v hear_v it_o say_v a_o eye_n for_o a_o eye_n and_o a_o tooth_n for_o a_o tooth_n but_o i_o say_v unto_o you_o do_v not_o resist_v he_o that_o do_v thou_o a_o injury_n but_o if_o any_o man_n strike_v thou_o on_o the_o one_o cheek_n turn_v to_o he_o the_o other_o also_o from_o hence_o some_o do_v infer_v that_o it_o be_v unlawful_a either_o to_o repel_v or_o to_o avenge_v a_o injury_n whether_o public_o or_o private_o but_o this_o can_v be_v enforce_v from_o the_o word_n of_o christ_n who_o do_v not_o there_o address_v his_o discourse_n to_o the_o magistrate_n but_o to_o the_o person_n injure_v neither_o do_v he_o there_o speak_v of_o every_o injury_n but_o of_o such_o slight_a one_o as_o a_o box_n on_o the_o ear_n and_o the_o like_a the_o precept_n follow_v seem_v to_o restrain_v the_o word_n precede_v as_o if_o they_o be_v too_o general_a if_o any_o man_n will_v sue_v thou_o at_o the_o law_n patientia_fw-la lib._n de_fw-fr
into_o arm_n before_o he_o be_v baptize_v and_o he_o that_o list_v himself_o after_o baptism_n for_o say_v he_o their_o condition_n be_v plain_o otherwise_o who_o be_v first_o soldier_n be_v afterward_o convert_v to_o the_o faith_n as_o they_o who_o st._n john_n admit_v to_o his_o baptism_n or_o that_o faithful_a centurion_n who_o christ_n approve_v of_o and_o who_o st._n peter_n instruct_v provide_v that_o have_v once_o embrace_v the_o christian_a faith_n and_o be_v seal_v up_o thereunto_o by_o baptism_n they_o either_o renounce_v the_o war_n present_o as_o some_o have_v do_v or_o take_v special_a care_n that_o they_o do_v nothing_o therein_o that_o may_v offend_v god_n whereby_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o some_o christian_n do_v or_o at_o least_o may_v continue_v in_o arm_n after_o baptism_n which_o certain_o will_v not_o have_v be_v permit_v have_v warfare_n be_v by_o christ_n absolute_o forbid_v no_o more_o than_o soothsayer_n magician_n and_o the_o professor_n of_o such_o like_a prohibit_v art_n be_v permit_v after_o baptism_n to_o persist_v in_o their_o diabolical_a profession_n tertullian_n tell_v we_o that_o they_o who_o profess_v such_o art_n as_o the_o christian_a discipline_n do_v not_o allow_v of_o be_v not_o to_o be_v admit_v into_o the_o church_n of_o christ_n 65._o de_fw-fr idol_n de_fw-fr fide_fw-la &_o open_a ep._n 65._o and_o st._n aug._n instance_n among_o other_o in_o common_a whore_n bawd_n and_o stage_n player_n none_o whereof_o until_o they_o have_v remove_v their_o profession_n observe_v 2_o will_v he_o admit_v unto_o the_o sacrament_n of_o the_o same_o opinion_n also_o be_v st._n cyprian_n do_v war_n decline_v not_o as_o in_o itself_o unlawful_a but_o to_o avoid_v acts._n repugnant_a to_o christianity_n as_o the_o jew_n do_v second_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o in_o the_o primitive_a time_n christian_n do_v either_o disapprove_v or_o avoid_v the_o war_n not_o because_o it_o be_v in_o itself_o unlawful_a but_o in_o respect_n of_o some_o 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these_o very_a reason_n the_o jew_n get_v leave_v of_o l._n lentulus_n to_o be_v discharge_v the_o army_n the_o same_o historian_n also_o relate_v that_o the_o jew_n be_v banish_v rome_n some_o betake_v themselves_o to_o the_o war_n other_o be_v punish_v for_o refuse_v to_o take_v arm_n in_o reverence_n to_o their_o country_n law_n and_o for_o the_o reason_n above_o mention_v whereunto_o they_o sometime_o add_v a_o three_o namely_o because_o they_o think_v it_o a_o sin_n to_o make_v war_n against_o their_o own_o counrty-man_n especial_o be_v persecute_v for_o observe_v their_o own_o country_n law_n idol_n jos_n ant._n l._n 11._o lib._n the_o idol_n but_o be_v free_v from_o these_o inconvenience_n they_o refuse_v not_o to_o take_v arm_n and_o that_o under_o foreign_a king_n but_o still_o under_o condition_n that_o they_o may_v enjoy_v their_o own_o law_n and_o worship_n god_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o forefather_n unto_o these_o danger_n that_o the_o war_n expose_v they_o unto_o may_v be_v add_v that_o which_o tertullian_n object_n that_o they_o be_v sometime_o command_v to_o swear_v by_o the_o god_n of_o the_o gentile_n militis_fw-la de_fw-fr coron_n militis_fw-la mars_n jupiter_n etc._n etc._n which_o unto_o christian_n be_v a_o very_a great_a scandal_n as_o well_o as_o to_o the_o jew_n whereupon_o the_o same_o tertullian_n in_o another_o place_n thus_o apologize_v for_o they_o shall_v say_v he_o a_o christian_a watch_n to_o guard_v the_o temple_n of_o those_o god_n who_o he_o have_v renonunce_v shall_v he_o sup_v there_o where_o he_o be_v forbid_v to_o eat_v shall_v he_o defend_v those_o spirit_n by_o night_n which_o he_o exorcise_v by_o day_n and_o a_o little_a after_o how_o many_o other_o great_a offence_n may_v be_v see_v in_o military_a duty_n which_o can_v be_v otherwise_o interpret_v but_o as_o breach_n of_o our_o christian_a law_n observe_v 3_o a_o three_o thing_n observable_a be_v this_o that_o many_o christian_n in_o the_o primitive_a time_n be_v inflame_v with_o so_o great_a a_o zeal_n to_o a_o holy_a life_n precept_n the_o father_n give_v it_o as_o their_o counsel_n but_o not_o as_o christ_n precept_n that_o they_o ofttimes_o embrace_v the_o godly_a counsel_n of_o wiseman_n with_o the_o same_o fervour_n of_o devotion_n as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v the_o command_n of_o christ_n christian_n say_v anaxagoras_n will_v not_o contend_v in_o judgement_n with_o those_o that_o rob_v they_o and_o salvianus_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o it_o be_v the_o command_n of_o christ_n that_o we_o shall_v rather_o yield_v up_o our_o own_o right_n than_o prosecute_v the_o law_n for_o it_o but_o this_o if_o take_v general_o may_v be_v embrace_v as_o good_a and_o fatherly_a counsel_n tend_v to_o evangelical_n perfection_n but_o be_v never_o digest_v into_o a_o christian_a precept_n in_o like_a manner_n the_o four_o council_n of_o carthage_n decree_v that_o a_o bishop_n though_o provoke_v shall_v never_o sue_v for_o thing_n transitory_a 58._o with_fw-mi amb._n de_fw-fr off._n lib._n 2._o c._n 21._o greg._n m._n l._n 2._o judict_n 11._o ep_n 58._o so_o most_o of_o the_o ancient_a father_n condemn_v all_o oath_n as_o unlawful_a without_o any_o exception_n whereas_o st._n paul_n himself_o to_o gain_v belief_n in_o a_o serious_a matter_n do_v swear_v a_o christian_a in_o tatian_n refuse_v the_o praetorship_n and_o tertullian_n tell_v we_o that_o a_o christian_n shall_v not_o affect_v magistracy_n lactantius_n 18._o lactantius_n lib._n 5._o c._n 18._o also_o deny_v that_o a_o just_a man_n and_o such_o he_o will_v have_v a_o christian_n to_o be_v ought_v to_o make_v war_n but_o deny_v also_o that_o he_o shall_v navigate_v the_o sea_n how_o many_o of_o the_o ancient_a father_n do_v dissuade_v christian_n from_o second_o marriage_n yet_o no_o wise_a man_n will_v from_o thence_o conclude_v that_o any_o of_o these_o be_v in_o themselves_o unlawful_a for_o though_o they_o be_v all_o of_o they_o excellent_a ornament_n to_o our_o christian_a profession_n and_o very_o acceptable_a to_o god_n yet_o be_v they_o not_o impose_v on_o we_o by_o the_o necessity_n of_o any_o law_n nay_o far_o admit_v that_o there_o be_v some_o place_n of_o scripture_n which_o do_v seem_o restrain_v the_o political_a use_n of_o the_o sword_n yet_o since_o it_o have_v be_v account_v by_o all_o good_a man_n a_o mean_n sufficient_a for_o the_o avoid_n of_o personal_a inconvenience_n as_o mutilation_n etc._n etc._n to_o admit_v of_o any_o sense_n rather_o than_o the_o literal_a as_o of_o the_o pluck_n out_o of_o the_o right_a eye_n the_o cut_n off_o of_o the_o right_a hand_n etc._n etc._n much_o rather_o shall_v those_o place_n of_o scripture_n that_o be_v urge_v against_o the_o power_n of_o the_o sword_n admit_v of_o any_o sense_n than_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v think_v that_o christianity_n shall_v destroy_v that_o which_o be_v the_o chief_a instrument_n of_o justice_n the_o only_a curb_n to_o vice_n and_o one_o of_o the_o main_a pillar_n of_o humane_a society_n for_o if_o it_o be_v grant_v that_o the_o world_n can_v subsist_v without_o government_n nor_o any_o government_n without_o law_n and_o that_o the_o law_n themselves_o signify_v but_o little_a without_o coercion_n than_o it_o be_v as_o certain_a that_o that_o religion_n can_v be_v good_a that_o hold_v forth_o such_o doctrine_n who_o consequence_n will_v destroy_v all_o government_n and_o therefore_o such_o a_o doctrine_n be_v to_o be_v suppress_v with_o all_o care_n and_o prudence_n as_o the_o great_a pest_n and_o nuisance_n to_o a_o commonwealth_n and_o those_o very_a man_n that_o do_v first_o intend_v by_o this_o doctrine_n to_o exauctorate_v prince_n and_o magistrate_n will_v it_o be_v to_o be_v fear_v be_v the_o very_a first_o that_o will_v take_v up_o arm_n to_o abett_v and_o establish_v their_o own_o wild_a and_o exorbitant_a fancy_n and_o those_o prince_n who_o suffer_v themselves_o to_o be_v delude_v by_o
ordinary_a course_n of_o justice_n may_v be_v have_v now_o judgement_n cease_v either_o for_o a_o while_n only_o or_o for_o continuance_n for_o a_o while_n when_o the_o judge_n can_v be_v so_o long_o wait_v for_o without_o certain_a danger_n and_o damage_n servius_n upon_o these_o word_n of_o virgil_n injicere_fw-la manum_fw-la parcae_fw-la the_o fate_n have_v snatch_v he_o hence_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o poet_n make_v use_v of_o a_o phrase_n borrow_v from_o the_o law_n for_o it_o be_v call_v injectio_fw-la manus_fw-la the_o snatch_v away_o of_o a_o thing_n as_o it_o be_v by_o force_n when_o without_o attend_v the_o warrant_n of_o authority_n we_o sudden_o seize_v upon_o something_o that_o be_v our_o due_n which_o be_v usual_o do_v when_o the_o law_n do_v for_o a_o while_o cease_v and_o sometime_o there_o be_v a_o total_a and_o continue_a cessation_n of_o judgement_n and_o that_o either_o by_o right_n or_o in_o fact_n by_o right_o as_o in_o place_n that_o be_v desert_n and_o unoccupied_a on_o the_o sea_n and_o in_o island_n not_o inhabit_v and_o in_o any_o other_o such_o place_n wherein_o be_v not_o civil_a society_n in_o fact_n as_o when_o subject_n do_v not_o regard_v the_o sentence_n of_o the_o judge_n or_o the_o judge_n public_o refuse_v to_o examine_v the_o case_n now_o what_o we_o say_v before_o namely_o that_o since_o public_a judicatory_n be_v establish_v all_o private_a war_n be_v not_o repugnant_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v clear_o evince_v by_o the_o law_n give_v to_o the_o jew_n 22.2_o exod._n 22.2_o where_o god_n give_v this_o charge_n by_o moses_n if_o a_o thief_n be_v find_v break_v up_o i._o e._n by_o night_n and_o be_v smite_v that_o he_o die_v there_o shall_v be_v no_o blood_n shed_v for_o he_o but_o if_o the_o sun_n be_v rise_v upon_o he_o there_o shall_v be_v blood_n shed_v for_o he_o certain_o this_o law_n so_o accurate_o distinguish_v of_o the_o time_n when_o the_o offence_n be_v commit_v seem_v not_o only_o to_o induce_v a_o impunity_n but_o serve_v to_o explain_v even_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v not_o so_o much_o ground_v on_o any_o one_o particular_a divine_a precept_n as_o indeed_o upon_o common_a equity_n which_o guide_v other_o nation_n also_o to_o do_v the_o like_a law_n solon_n law_n the_o old_a attic_a law_n be_v this_o if_o any_o man_n shall_v steal_v in_o the_o day_n time_n to_o above_o the_o value_n of_o fifty_o drachma_n let_v he_o be_v try_v by_o eleven_o man_n but_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v steal_v to_o the_o small_a value_n in_o the_o night_n he_o may_v lawful_o be_v kill_v this_o ancient_a law_n of_o solon_n doubtless_o occasion_v that_o of_o the_o twelve_o table_n among_o the_o roman_n si_fw-mi nox_fw-la furtum_fw-la faxit_fw-la 12._o vide_fw-la infra_fw-la bo._n 2._o ch_n 12._o si_fw-la furem_fw-la aliquis_fw-la occisit_fw-la jure_fw-la caesus_fw-la esto_fw-la if_o any_o man_n shall_v kill_v a_o thief_n rob_v in_o the_o night_n he_o shall_v be_v hold_v innocent_a so_o by_o the_o law_n of_o all_o nation_n that_o as_o yet_o we_o have_v know_v he_o that_o by_o arm_n shall_v defend_v himself_o against_o he_o that_o attempt_v to_o take_v away_o his_o life_n be_v account_v guiltless_a which_o so_o plain_a a_o consent_n do_v evident_o assure_v we_o that_o there_o be_v nothing_o in_o it_o repugnant_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n iii_o neither_o be_v it_o repugnant_a to_o the_o evangelical_n law_n but_o whether_o this_o private_a war_n be_v justifiable_a by_o the_o more_o perfect_a law_n of_o the_o gospel_n be_v somewhat_o more_o doubtful_a i_o dare_v not_o but_o grant_v that_o almighty_a god_n who_o have_v a_o much_o great_a power_n over_o life_n than_o we_o have_v may_v have_v impose_v upon_o we_o such_o a_o unlimited_a patience_n that_o even_o private_o in_o a_o case_n of_o imminent_a danger_n we_o ought_v rather_o to_o be_v kill_v than_o to_o kill_v but_o whether_o it_o be_v his_o pleasure_n thus_o strict_o to_o tie_v we_o up_o be_v the_o thing_n in_o question_n there_o be_v two_o place_n of_o scripture_n that_o seem_v to_o favour_v the_o affirmative_a which_o we_o quote_v above_o when_o we_o handle_v the_o general_a question_n the_o former_a be_v that_o in_o the_o five_o of_o mat._n v._n 39_o 5.39_o mat._n 5.39_o resist_v not_o he_o that_o do_v thou_o a_o injury_n and_o the_o latter_a that_o in_o the_o twelve_o to_o the_o rom._n v._n 19_o dear_o belove_v avenge_v not_o yourselves_o which_o the_o latin_a translation_n render_v defend_v not_o yourselves_o but_o a_o three_o may_v be_v add_v namely_o that_o of_o christ_n to_o peter_n 26.52_o mat._n 26.52_o put_v up_o thy_o sword_n into_o the_o sheath_n for_o they_o that_o take_v the_o sword_n shall_v perish_v by_o the_o sword_n some_o there_o be_v likewise_o that_o urge_v the_o example_n of_o christ_n himself_o who_o die_v for_o his_o enemy_n rom._n 5.8_o 10._o neither_o be_v there_o want_v among_o the_o ancient_n some_o who_o although_o they_o do_v not_o disallow_v of_o public_a war_n yet_o believe_v that_o all_o private_a even_o that_o which_o be_v defensive_a be_v forbid_v some_o place_n out_o of_o st._n ambrose_n for_o war_n we_o allege_v above_o but_o many_o more_o and_o much_o clear_a and_o more_o general_o know_v may_v be_v produce_v out_o of_o st._n augustine_n 10._o in_o luc._n 10._o but_o yet_o the_o same_o ambrose_n in_o another_o place_n say_v that_o haply_o therefore_o christ_n say_v unto_o peter_n when_o he_o show_v he_o two_o sword_n it_o be_v enough_o as_o if_o till_o the_o gospel_n come_v it_o have_v be_v lawful_a that_o so_o there_o may_v be_v as_o in_o the_o law_n the_o doctrine_n of_o equity_n so_o in_o the_o gospel_n the_o doctrine_n of_o verity_n 3._o de_fw-fr off_z l._n 3._o c._n 3._o and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o a_o christian_a though_o assault_v by_o robber_n ought_v not_o to_o strike_v again_o ne_fw-fr dum_fw-la salutem_fw-la defendit_fw-la pietatem_fw-la contaminet_fw-la lest_o whilst_o he_o seek_v to_o preserve_v his_o own_o safety_n 15._o lib._n 1._o de_fw-fr lib._n arb._n 15._o he_o sin_n against_o piety_n and_o st._n augustin_n himself_o speak_v of_o thief_n and_o robber_n say_v legem_fw-la quidem_fw-la non_fw-la reprehendo_fw-la qua_fw-la tale_n permittit_fw-la interfici_fw-la sed_fw-la quomodo_fw-la istos_fw-la qui_fw-la intersiciunt_fw-la defendam_fw-la non_fw-la invenio_fw-la the_o law_n that_o adjudge_v these_o man_n to_o death_n 55._o ep._n 154._o ad_fw-la publ._n cap._n 43._o &_o 55._o i_o disallow_v not_o but_o how_o to_o justify_v the_o executioner_n i_o find_v not_o and_o in_o another_o place_n but_o as_o to_o they_o that_o give_v advice_n that_o some_o man_n be_v to_o be_v put_v to_o death_n lest_o other_o by_o they_o shall_v be_v destroy_v i_o can_v subscribe_v unless_o he_o that_o kill_v he_o be_v either_o a_o soldier_n or_o a_o public_a executioner_n who_o do_v it_o not_o by_o his_o own_o but_o by_o public_a authority_n and_o of_o the_o same_o opinion_n be_v basil_n as_o appear_v in_o his_o second_o epistle_n to_o amphilochius_n whereunto_o we_o may_v add_v the_o last_o canon_n of_o the_o council_n of_o orleans_n 2._o c._n 13._o q._n 2._o cite_v by_o gratian._n but_o the_o opposite_a opinion_n as_o it_o be_v more_o catholic_n so_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v more_o agreeable_a to_o truth_n namely_o that_o christian_n be_v not_o oblige_v to_o such_o a_o height_n of_o patience_n we_o be_v indeed_o command_v by_o the_o christian_a law_n to_o love_v our_o neighbour_n as_o ourselves_o but_o not_o above_o ourselves_o so_o that_o when_o we_o be_v both_o of_o we_o involve_v in_o the_o same_o or_o in_o equal_a danger_n we_o be_v no_o where_n forbid_v to_o preser_fw-ge our_o own_o safety_n before_o another_o as_o we_o have_v already_o prove_v by_o the_o rule_n st._n paul_n give_v to_o christian_a beneficence_n and_o which_o cassiodore_n in_o the_o duty_n or_o office_n of_o friendship_n likewise_o confirm_v there_o be_v say_v he_o neither_o law_n nor_o reason_n anicitia_fw-la 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cicero_n speak_v 3._o de_fw-fr leg_n 3._o to_o reckon_v up_o all_o the_o inconvenience_n only_o in_o any_o government_n and_o to_o pass_v over_o with_o silence_n all_o the_o convenience_n be_v unjust_a because_o the_o good_a that_o we_o seek_v for_o we_o can_v obtain_v without_o the_o evil_n which_o we_o will_v avoid_v but_o of_o these_o several_a kind_n of_o government_n our_o choice_n be_v make_v and_o the_o right_a thereby_o transfer_v to_o another_o to_o reassume_v it_o at_o our_o pleasure_n upon_o what_o pretence_n soever_o be_v unjust_a many_o cause_n there_o may_v be_v for_o which_o a_o people_n may_v be_v induce_v to_o renounce_v and_o yield_v up_o unto_o other_o all_o right_n of_o government_n as_o namely_o another_o many_o reason_n there_o may_v be_v why_o a_o people_n may_v yield_v up_o themselves_o to_o be_v govern_v by_o another_o when_o they_o shall_v be_v reduce_v into_o so_o great_a danger_n of_o their_o life_n that_o no_o other_o way_n can_v be_v find_v whereby_o to_o defend_v themselves_o or_o when_o they_o shall_v be_v oppress_v with_o so_o much_o want_n as_o that_o they_o can_v otherwise_o sustain_v themselves_o thus_o the_o israelite_n be_v distress_v by_o the_o ammonite_n send_v for_o jephtha_n and_o rather_o than_o be_v oppress_v by_o a_o foreign_a enemy_n they_o transfer_v the_o government_n upon_o he_o who_o before_o they_o have_v banish_v judge_n 11._o this_o also_o be_v the_o condition_n of_o the_o campane_n when_o they_o surrender_v themselves_o unto_o the_o roman_n in_o this_o form_n we_o say_v their_o ambassador_n in_o the_o name_n of_o all_o the_o people_n of_o campania_n do_v free_o surrender_v and_o give_v up_o ourselves_o our_o city_n capua_n our_o field_n temple_n together_o with_o all_o that_o we_o have_v both_o divine_a and_o humane_a into_o your_o power_n o_o conscript_n father_n and_o some_o people_n we_o may_v read_v of_o who_o have_v offer_v themselves_o to_o the_o roman_n upon_o condition_n of_o protection_n only_o and_o have_v be_v reject_v 8._o app._n liv._o lib._n 5._o lib._n 8._o as_o the_o falisci_n and_o the_o samnite_n and_o if_o so_o what_o then_o shall_v hinder_v but_o that_o some_o people_n may_v in_o like_a manner_n surrender_v all_o power_n and_o right_n over_o themselves_o to_o some_o one_o man_n by_o who_o wisdom_n and_o power_n they_o expect_v protection_n also_o it_o may_v so_o happen_v that_o a_o man_n have_v vast_a possession_n will_v not_o admit_v of_o any_o to_o inhabit_v his_o country_n but_o under_o condition_n to_o submit_v to_o his_o jurisdiction_n or_o it_o be_v possible_a that_o a_o man_n have_v large_a territory_n and_o a_o multitude_n of_o servant_n may_v manumit_v they_o give_v to_o each_o a_o proportion_n of_o land_n on_o condition_n that_o they_o yield_v he_o their_o subjection_n with_o some_o kind_n of_o tribute_n precedent_n of_o this_o nature_n we_o want_v not_o tacitus_n speak_v of_o the_o german_n say_v that_o every_o servant_n have_v his_o several_a house_n and_o peculiar_a estate_n and_o govern_v his_o own_o family_n his_o lord_n impose_v upon_o he_o what_o proportion_n of_o corn_n cattle_n and_o garment_n he_o please_v which_o he_o ready_o pay_v and_o as_o a_o servant_n hitherto_o obey_v add_v hereunto_o what_o aristotle_n observe_v that_o some_o man_n be_v natural_o servant_n servile_a some_o people_n natural_o servile_a that_o be_v so_o apt_a for_o servitude_n as_o if_o nature_n have_v make_v they_o for_o no_o other_o use_n and_o so_o be_v some_o people_n too_o of_o so_o servile_a a_o disposition_n that_o they_o know_v better_o how_o to_o obey_v than_o how_o to_o govern_v such_o be_v the_o cappadocian_o who_o tell_v the_o roman_n plain_o 12._o strab._n lib._n 12._o when_o they_o offer_v they_o freedom_n that_o they_o can_v not_o live_v without_o a_o king_n 38._o just_a l._n 38._o so_o philostratus_n in_o the_o life_n of_o apollonius_n it_o be_v but_o solly_a to_o set_v at_o liberty_n the_o thracian_n mysian_o and_o getes_n for_o they_o value_v it_o not_o beside_o there_o be_v not_o a_o few_o people_n who_o have_v be_v persuade_v to_o admit_v of_o kingly_a government_n by_o the_o example_n of_o other_o nation_n who_o for_o many_o age_n have_v be_v observe_v to_o live_v very_o happy_o under_o it_o seneca_n speak_v of_o brutus_n say_v though_o he_o be_v in_o other_o matter_n a_o gallant_a man_n yet_o in_o this_o he_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o err_v benef_n lib._n 2._o the_o benef_n not_o to_o have_v behave_v himself_o like_o a_o stoic_a that_o he_o be_v either_o affright_v at_o the_o name_n of_o a_o king_n when_o the_o best_a form_n of_o government_n be_v that_o which_o be_v under_o a_o good_a king_n or_o hope_v for_o liberty_n there_o where_o the_o reward_n due_a to_o empire_n and_o subjection_n be_v so_o great_a or_o that_o he_o can_v believe_v it_o possible_a to_o recall_v the_o primitive_a government_n king_n the_o best_a government_n be_v under_o a_o good_a king_n unless_o he_o can_v restore_v the_o citizen_n to_o their_o ancient_a manner_n or_o that_o he_o can_v reduce_v they_o to_o a_o equality_n of_o civil_a right_n and_o put_v in_o force_n their_o ancient_a law_n when_o he_o see_v so_o many_o thousand_o of_o man_n to_o fight_v non_fw-la utrum_fw-la servirent_fw-la sed_fw-la utri_fw-la not_o whether_o they_o shall_v obey_v or_o not_o but_o who_o they_o shall_v obey_v some_o city_n say_v livy_n be_v so_o well_o please_v with_o the_o government_n of_o eumenes_n that_o they_o will_v not_o have_v change_v their_o condition_n with_o the_o free_a city_n in_o the_o world_n the_o like_a be_v record_v by_o isocrates_n that_o many_o desert_a the_o free_a city_n of_o greece_n to_o live_v in_o salamina_n a_o city_n in_o cyprus_n under_o the_o mild_a government_n of_o evagoras_n again_o such_o may_v be_v the_o condition_n of_o a_o city_n that_o there_o remain_v no_o probable_a hope_n of_o safety_n unless_o they_o put_v themselves_o under_o the_o dominion_n of_o one_o single_a person_n such_o be_v the_o state_n of_o the_o city_n of_o rome_n which_o most_o wise_a man_n think_v can_v not_o have_v be_v preserve_v have_v not_o augustus_n caesar_n assume_v to_o himself_o the_o sole_a government_n of_o the_o whole_a empire_n such_o case_n i_o say_v not_o only_o may_v but_o do_v usual_o happen_v as_o cicero_n observe_v in_o the_o second_o of_o his_o office_n but_o as_o have_v be_v already_o say_v like_o as_o private_a dominion_n may_v by_o a_o just_a war_n be_v lawful_o acquire_v so_o also_o may_v civil_a dominion_n or_o the_o right_n of_o empire_n if_o it_o depend_v not_o upon_o some_o other_o nor_o will_v i_o be_v think_v to_o speak_v this_o of_o monarchical_a government_n only_o where_o that_o be_v receive_v but_o the_o same_o argument_n will_v hold_v for_o the_o acquire_v of_o a_o oligarchical_a government_n where_o the_o noble_n have_v exclude_v the_o commons_o and_o assume_v the_o government_n upon_o themselves_o what_o that_o there_o be_v any_o commonwealth_n so_o popular_a wherein_o some_o as_o the_o poor_a the_o stranger_n woman_n and_o youth_n be_v not_o exclude_v from_o public_a counsel_n even_o now_o there_o be_v some_o people_n also_o that_o have_v other_o truckling_n under_o they_o and_o who_o be_v no_o less_o subject_a unto_o they_o than_o they_o can_v be_v unto_o king_n 1._o liv._o lib._n 1._o whence_o arise_v that_o question_n in_o livy_n be_v the_o collatine_n people_n under_o their_o own_o jurisdiction_n or_o have_v they_o any_o power_n that_o be_v their_o own_o and_o the_o campane_n when_o they_o surrender_v themselves_o unto_o the_o roman_n 7._o lib._n 7._o be_v say_v to_o be_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o roman_n acarnania_n as_o also_o amphilochia_n be_v say_v to_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o aetolian_n so_o be_v peraea_n and_o caunus_n to_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o rhodian_o the_o emperor_n otho_n give_v all_o the_o city_n of_o the_o moor_n to_o the_o province_n of_o granado_n in_o spain_n as_o tacitus_n testify_v so_o do_v philip_n the_o city_n pydna_n to_o the_o olynthian_o people_n some_o king_n be_v so_o absolute_a that_o they_o be_v not_o subject_a to_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o people_n many_o other_o example_n be_v here_o produce_v all_o which_o be_v absolute_o null_a if_o it_o be_v grant_v that_o the_o right_n of_o government_n be_v at_o the_o disposal_n of_o they_o that_o be_v govern_v again_o some_o king_n there_o be_v that_o be_v not_o subject_a to_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o people_n as_o history_n both_o sacred_a and_o profane_a do_v testify_v if_o thou_o shall_v say_v say_v god_n to_o the_o israelite_n i_o will_v set_v a_o king_n supra_fw-la i_o above_o i_o deut._n 17.14_o 17.14_o deut._n 17.14_o and_o unto_o samuel_n say_v god_n show_v they_o the_o right_n or_o manner_n of_o the_o king_n that_o shall_v reign_v over_o they_o 1_o sam._n 8.4_o the_o like_a we_o may_v
read_v 1_o sam._n 9.16_o and_o 1_o sam._n 10_o 1._o still_o it_o be_v super_fw-la eos_fw-la not_o under_o my_o people_n but_o over_o they_o not_o under_o they_o to_o serve_v they_o but_o over_o they_o to_o save_v defend_v and_o deliver_v they_o thus_o david_n and_o solomon_n be_v say_v to_o be_v anoint_v over_o the_o people_n over_o the_o lord_n anoint_v and_o over_o israel_n and_o david_n give_v thanks_o 144.2_o 2_o sam._n 5.2_o 1_o king_n 4.1_o psal_n 144.2_o that_o god_n have_v subdue_v his_o people_n under_o he_o christ_n also_o declare_v as_o much_o where_o he_o say_v the_o king_n of_o the_o gentile_n exercise_v dominion_n over_o you_o luke_n 22.25_o the_o power_n of_o king_n over_o subject_n be_v their_o own_o horace_n horace_n but_o none_o can_v king_n command_v but_o god_n alone_o the_o three_o form_n of_o government_n be_v by_o seneca_n thus_o describe_v 14._o ep._n 14._o sometime_o the_o people_n be_v most_o to_o be_v fear_v sometime_o if_o the_o government_n be_v such_o those_o most_o in_o favour_n with_o the_o senate_n and_o sometime_o those_o particular_a person_n upon_o who_o the_o whole_a power_n of_o the_o people_n and_o over_o the_o people_n be_v devolve_v for_o such_o say_v plutarch_n have_v power_n to_o govern_v not_o only_o according_a to_o the_o law_n but_o even_o the_o law_n themselves_o for_o the_o public_a good_a flam._n flam._n thus_o otanes_n in_o herodotus_n describe_v a_o king_n that_o he_o may_v do_v even_o what_o he_o will_v without_o be_v accountable_a to_o any_o so_o do_v dion_n prusaeensis_n that_o he_o may_v so_o rule_v as_o not_o to_o render_v a_o account_n to_o any_o pausanias_n to_o the_o messenian_n oppose_v kingly_a government_n to_o that_o which_o be_v liable_a to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o his_o act_n to_o other_o aristotle_n affirm_v that_o there_o be_v some_o king_n who_o be_v invest_v with_o as_o much_o power_n as_o elsewhere_o a_o whole_a nation_n have_v over_o itself_o or_o whatsoever_o it_o have_v so_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o roman_a general_n begin_v to_o assume_v unto_o themselves_o regal_a power_n not_o uno_n minor_fw-la jove_n that_o king_n inferior_a to_o god_n alone_o be_v no_o less_o christian_a than_o ethnic_a philosophy_n for_o in_o this_o and_o in_o nothing_o more_o be_v king_n like_o unto_o god_n that_o they_o depend_v upon_o none_o he_o who_o god_n have_v place_v in_o his_o throne_n be_v accountable_a to_o none_o but_o unto_o he_o who_o place_v he_o there_o he_o be_v solutus_fw-la legibus_fw-la above_o the_o lash_n of_o humane_a law_n he_o judge_v all_o but_o be_v judge_v of_o none_o when_o herod_n be_v accuse_v to_o m._n anthony_n for_o the_o murder_n of_o aristobulus_n anthony_n make_v this_o apology_n for_o he_o it_o be_v neither_o just_a nor_o equitable_a to_o require_v a_o account_n from_o king_n for_o what_o they_o do_v as_o king_n for_o if_o that_o be_v permit_v they_o can_v be_v no_o long_o king_n kingly_a power_n then_o must_v needs_o be_v the_o high_a because_o there_o lie_v no_o appeal_n from_o he_o or_o against_o he_o but_o unto_o god_n and_o as_o it_o be_v subject_a to_o no_o other_o power_n so_o it_o be_v bound_v by_o no_o humane_a law_n as_o other_o power_n be_v it_o be_v grant_v that_o moses_n indeed_o seem_v to_o prescribe_v law_n unto_o king_n and_o tell_v they_o what_o they_o shall_v do_v and_o good_a prince_n will_v say_v with_o the_o emperor_n theodosius_n tantum_n mihi_fw-la licet_fw-la quantum_fw-la per_fw-la leges_fw-la licet_fw-la that_o only_o be_v lawful_a for_o i_o to_o do_v which_o the_o law_n account_v so_o but_o as_o moses_n teach_v we_o what_o a_o king_n shall_v do_v so_o samuel_n tell_v we_o what_o a_o king_n may_v do_v moses_n tell_v we_o his_o duty_n samuel_n his_o power_n the_o law_n consist_v of_o two_o distinct_a part_n the_o one_o direct_v the_o other_o coercive_a the_o former_a point_n at_o the_o rationability_n of_o the_o law_n the_o latter_a at_o the_o danger_n we_o run_v into_o if_o we_o break_v the_o law_n now_o law_n serve_v to_o direct_v king_n because_o they_o mind_v they_o of_o their_o duty_n but_o they_o have_v no_o power_n to_o force_v they_o to_o that_o duty_n much_o less_o to_o un-king_n they_o if_o they_o do_v it_o not_o the_o people_n be_v say_v to_o confer_v upon_o they_o all_o their_o power_n and_o authority_n over_o themselves_o as_o theophilus_n expound_v it_o hence_o be_v that_o excellent_a say_n of_o m._n antoninus_n none_o but_o god_n himself_o be_v the_o judge_n of_o king_n dion_n prusaensis_n speak_v of_o such_o a_o king_n say_v he_o be_v free_a and_o absolute_a in_o power_n both_o over_o himself_o and_o over_o the_o law_n what_o he_o will_v he_o do_v and_o what_o he_o will_v not_o he_o do_v not_o such_o ancient_o in_o greece_n be_v the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o inachidae_n at_o argis_n who_o moses_n term_v the_o anakim_v deut._n 2.10_o for_o the_o argive_n in_o aeschylus_n thus_o bespeak_v their_o king_n our_o state_n and_o city_n be_v in_o thou_o testify_v the_o lacedaemonian_n in_o the_o story_n of_o the_o macchabite_v claim_v to_o be_v of_o kin_n to_o abraham_n they_o have_v two_o king_n but_o magis_fw-la nomine_fw-la quam_fw-la imperio_fw-la more_n in_o name_n than_o power_n as_o cora_n nepos_n testify_v thou_o need_v not_o fear_v law_n tyranny_n sacred_a as_o altar_n be_v thy_o throne_n for_o all_o be_v rule_v by_o thou_o alone_o much_o different_a from_o what_o theseus_n himself_o though_o a_o king_n speak_v in_o euripides_n concern_v the_o commonwealth_n of_o athens_n athens_n be_v free_a enslave_v by_o any_o one_o disdain_v to_o be_v the_o people_n there_o be_v king_n who_o annual_o the_o government_n to_o this_o or_o that_o decree_n for_o theseus_n as_o plutarch_n inform_v we_o be_v not_o their_o king_n but_o their_o general_n in_o war_n and_o the_o guardian_n of_o their_o law_n in_o peace_n in_o other_o matter_n he_o be_v but_o equal_a with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o citizen_n hence_o it_o come_v that_o those_o king_n that_o be_v accountable_a to_o the_o people_n age_n lib._n 3._o vit._n cleom._n vit._n age_n as_o those_o after_o lycurgus_n but_o especial_o as_o the_o ephori_fw-la be_v to_o the_o lacedaemonian_n be_v by_o polybius_n plutarch_n and_o other_o say_v to_o be_v king_n in_o name_n only_o but_o not_o in_o power_n which_o example_n of_o the_o lacedaemonian_n notwithstanding_o most_o of_o the_o grecian_a city_n follow_v pausanius_n to_o the_o corinthian_n thus_o testify_v of_o the_o argive_n power_n corinthiacis_n king_n in_o name_n only_o not_o in_o power_n that_o they_o be_v so_o far_o addict_v to_o parity_n and_o liberty_n that_o at_o length_n they_o reduce_v the_o power_n of_o their_o king_n to_o almost_o nothing_o for_o to_o the_o son_n and_o posterity_n of_o cisus_fw-la they_o leave_v not_o any_o thing_n but_o the_o bare_a name_n and_o title_n of_o a_o kingdom_n and_o therefore_o aristotle_n deny_v that_o such_o kingdom_n do_v constitute_v any_o special_a form_n of_o government_n allow_v they_o but_o as_o part_n either_o of_o optimacy_n or_o democracy_n nay_o even_o among_o such_o people_n as_o be_v not_o perpetual_o govern_v by_o king_n name_n some_o have_v for_o awhile_o the_o power_n but_o not_o the_o name_n we_o may_v find_v some_o footstep_n of_o a_o temporary_a monarchy_n not_o at_o all_o subject_n unto_o the_o people_n m._n livius_n solinator_n in_o his_o censorship_n disfranchise_v all_o the_o tribe_n but_o one_o in_o rome_n for_o their_o ingratitude_n thereby_o show_v his_o power_n over_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o people_n and_o such_o be_v the_o power_n of_o the_o dictator_n in_o rome_n from_o who_o there_o be_v no_o appeal_n no_o not_o unto_o the_o people_n whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o as_o livy_n inform_v we_o a_o edict_n from_o the_o dictator_n be_v as_o authoritative_a as_o a_o oracle_n from_o god_n constitute_v dictator_n in_o rome_n temporary_a king_n 1._o arg._n answer_v the_o thing_n that_o constitute_v not_o always_o great_a than_o the_o thing_n constitute_v neither_o be_v there_o any_o safety_n at_o all_o but_o in_o obedience_n for_o though_o king_n be_v banish_v yet_o be_v the_o regal_a power_n comprehend_v in_o the_o dictatorship_n the_o argument_n produce_v for_o the_o contrary_a opinion_n be_v easy_o answer_v for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n whereas_o they_o say_v the_o thing_n that_o constitute_v be_v great_a than_o the_o thing_n constitute_v and_o therefore_o the_o people_n that_o make_v the_o king_n must_v needs_o be_v great_a than_o the_o king_n they_o have_v make_v i_o answer_v that_o it_o be_v true_a where_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o thing_n constitute_v do_v always_o depend_v on_o the_o will_n of_o the_o constitutor_n but_o not_o where_o the_o authority_n once_o free_o give_v do_v ever_o after_o full_o remain_v in_o the_o person_n that_o receive_v it_o as_o for_o example_n a_o
also_o those_o that_o succeed_v to_o they_o in_o a_o right_a line_n hold_v their_o kingdom_n by_o a_o usufructuary_n right_a that_o be_v they_o hold_v they_o as_o to_o all_o the_o right_n and_o profit_n but_o not_o to_o alienate_v they_o but_o other_o hold_v their_o kingdom_n by_o a_o full_a right_n of_o propriety_n as_o they_o that_o by_o a_o just_a war_n have_v conquer_v they_o or_o he_o to_o who_o any_o people_n to_o prevent_v great_a mischief_n have_v yield_v themselves_o subject_n for_o protection_n so_o as_o they_o reserve_v nothing_o unto_o themselves_o neither_o do_v i_o agree_v with_o those_o who_o hold_v that_o the_o roman_a dictator_n during_o his_o time_n can_v not_o have_v supreme_a power_n because_o it_o be_v not_o perpetual_a for_o the_o nature_n of_o all_o moral_a thing_n be_v best_a know_v by_o their_o operation_n wherefore_o those_o power_n that_o have_v the_o same_o effect_n be_v to_o be_v call_v by_o the_o same_o name_n but_o a_o dictator_n during_o his_o time_n exercise_v all_o right_n that_o a_o king_n do_v who_o hold_v his_o kingdom_n by_o a_o full_a right_n neither_o can_v any_o act_n of_o his_o be_v make_v void_a by_o any_o other_o as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o case_n of_o fabius_n rutilianus_n who_o when_o the_o people_n will_v have_v preserve_v they_o can_v deal_v with_o the_o dictator_n by_o no_o other_o mean_n but_o by_o petition_n whence_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o he_o have_v the_o same_o supreme_a power_n now_o the_o duration_n or_o continuation_n of_o a_o thing_n alter_v not_o the_o nature_n of_o it_o yet_o if_o question_n be_v make_v concern_v the_o dignity_n which_o be_v usual_o call_v majesty_n doubtless_o he_o that_o have_v it_o perpetuate_v unto_o he_o have_v the_o great_a majesty_n than_o he_o that_o have_v it_o for_o a_o time_n limit_v only_o because_o the_o manner_n of_o hold_v it_o add_v much_o to_o the_o dignity_n of_o he_o that_o hold_v it_o now_o what_o have_v be_v say_v of_o king_n time_n protector_n have_v absolute_a power_n during_o their_o time_n may_v also_o be_v say_v of_o such_o as_o be_v either_o during_o the_o minority_n of_o king_n or_o during_o their_o captivity_n or_o lunacy_n appoint_a protector_n for_o neither_o be_v those_o subject_n unto_o the_o people_n nor_o be_v their_o power_n revocable_a before_o the_o time_n come_v appoint_v by_o the_o law_n but_o it_o be_v otherwise_o with_o those_o who_o have_v a_o right_n which_o be_v at_o any_o time_n revocable_a 1._o some_o kingdom_n hold_v during_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o people_n procop._n vand._n lib._n 1._o as_o they_o who_o reign_v only_o during_o the_o pleasure_n of_o other_o such_o be_v the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o vandal_n in_o africa_n and_o of_o the_o goth_n in_o spain_n who_o be_v as_o often_o depose_v as_o they_o displease_v the_o people_n and_o every_o act_n of_o they_o may_v be_v make_v void_a because_o they_o who_o give_v they_o that_o power_n give_v it_o under_o condition_n of_o revocation_n and_o therefore_o not_o have_v the_o same_o effect_n they_o can_v not_o be_v say_v to_o have_v the_o same_o right_n xii_o some_o sovereign_a power_n be_v hold_v full_o with_o a_o right_n of_o alienation_n against_o what_o i_o have_v before_o say_v that_o some_o kingdom_n be_v hold_v in_o full_a right_n of_o propriety_n that_o be_v as_o patrimonial_a there_o be_v very_o learned_a man_n that_o make_v this_o objection_n that_o man_n be_v free_a be_v not_o to_o be_v traffic_v away_o from_o one_o to_o another_o as_o thing_n that_o be_v buy_v and_o sell_v but_o as_o the_o power_n of_o a_o master_n be_v different_a from_o that_o of_o a_o king_n so_o be_v personal_a liberty_n from_o that_o which_o be_v civil_a and_o the_o freedom_n of_o singular_a person_n from_o the_o freedom_n of_o state_n the_o stoic_n themselves_o confess_v that_o there_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o servivitude_n in_o subjection_n 2._o hottom_n cont._n illust_n qâ—ae_fw-la i._n 1._o diog._n laâ—â—t_n 1_o sam._n 22.28_o 2_o sam._n 10.2_o 1_o king_n 9.22_o liv._o lib._n 1._o lib._n 2._o and_o the_o subject_n of_o king_n be_v sometime_o in_o holy_a writ_n call_v their_o servant_n as_o personal_a liberty_n exclude_v the_o power_n of_o a_o master_n so_o also_o do_v civil_a liberty_n that_o of_o empire_n and_o all_o manner_n of_o sovereignty_n proper_o so_o call_v livy_n thus_o oppose_v they_o before_o man_n have_v taste_v the_o sweetness_n of_o liberty_n they_o desire_v a_o king_n and_o again_o what_o a_o shame_n be_v it_o for_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n who_o when_o they_o serve_v under_o king_n be_v never_o straighten_a by_o war_n nor_o besiege_v by_o a_o enemy_n 45._o lib._n 45._o be_v now_o a_o free_a people_n to_o be_v besiege_v by_o the_o hetruscan_n and_o in_o another_o place_n the_o people_n of_o rome_n live_v not_o now_o under_o kingly_a government_n but_o in_o liberty_n and_o elsewhere_o he_o oppose_v those_o nation_n that_o be_v free_a unto_o those_o that_o live_v under_o king_n so_o also_o seneca_n the_o father_n 1._o sâ—as_n 1._o we_o ought_v not_o to_o give_v our_o opinion_n in_o a_o free_a state_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o we_o do_v under_o king_n yea_o and_o cicero_n either_o we_o do_v not_o well_o to_o expel_v king_n or_o we_o ought_v to_o restore_v the_o people_n to_o liberty_n 1._o de_fw-fr leg_n 3._o ann._n l._n 1._o not_o in_o word_n only_o but_o in_o deed_n after_o these_o come_v tacitus_n the_o city_n of_o rome_n say_v he_o be_v at_o first_o govern_v by_o king_n but_o it_o be_v l._n brutus_n that_o institute_v liberty_n and_o consular_a authority_n and_o to_o be_v short_a every_o where_n among_o the_o roman_a law_n when_o they_o treat_v of_o war_n and_o recuperatory_n judgement_n all_o foreigner_n be_v distinguish_v into_o king_n and_o free_a people_n the_o question_n then_o here_o put_v respect_v not_o personal_a but_o civil_a subjection_n in_o which_o sense_n some_o nation_n be_v say_v not_o to_o have_v power_n over_o themselves_o hence_o be_v that_o in_o livy_n which_o city_n field_n and_o man_n be_v sometime_o under_o the_o power_n of_o the_o aetolian_n and_o that_o also_o be_v the_o people_n of_o collatia_n a_o free_a people_n i._n e._n have_v they_o any_o power_n over_o themselves_o nevertheless_o to_o speak_v proper_o when_o any_o people_n be_v say_v to_o be_v alienate_v alienate_v when_o a_o kingdom_n be_v alienate_v it_o be_v not_o the_o people_n but_o the_o right_n of_o govern_v they_o that_o be_v alienate_v it_o be_v not_o the_o man_n but_o the_o perpetual_a right_n of_o govern_v themselves_o as_o they_o be_v a_o people_n that_o be_v alienate_v as_o vain_a and_o frivolous_a be_v that_o inference_n which_o conclude_v that_o because_o king_n conquer_v nation_n by_o the_o blood_n and_o sweat_n of_o their_o citizen_n therefore_o what_o be_v so_o conquer_v aught_o of_o right_a to_o belong_v rather_o to_o they_o than_o to_o he_o for_o possible_a it_o be_v that_o that_o king_n may_v pay_v his_o army_n out_o of_o his_o own_o private_a estate_n as_o m._n anthony_n do_v in_o his_o bohemian_a war_n who_o when_o the_o roman_a treasury_n be_v exhaust_v be_v unwilling_a to_o impose_v any_o more_o tax_n upon_o the_o people_n bring_v into_o trajan's_n court_n and_o make_v sale_n of_o all_o his_o vessel_n of_o gold_n silver_n crystal_n and_o myrrh_n together_o with_o his_o own_o and_o his_o wife_n robe_n of_o silk_n and_o gold_n and_o all_o other_o their_o ornament_n and_o jewel_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o war._n or_o he_o may_v pay_v his_o army_n out_o of_o the_o rent_n and_o profit_n of_o that_o patrimony_n which_o attend_v the_o principality_n and_o therefore_o ferdinando_n claim_v to_o himself_o all_o that_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o granada_n which_o he_o have_v gain_v with_o the_o rent_n and_o profit_v he_o have_v raise_v out_o of_o castille_n during_o the_o time_n of_o his_o marriage_n as_o mariana_n testify_v hispan_n lib._n 28._o hist_o hispan_n for_o although_o a_o king_n have_v but_o the_o mean_a profit_n arise_v out_o of_o that_o patrimony_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o he_o have_v the_o right_a of_o govern_v the_o people_n who_o have_v elect_v he_o yet_o be_v those_o profit_n proper_o his_o own_o as_o it_o be_v also_o in_o the_o civil_a law_n where_o though_o the_o inheritance_n be_v judge_v to_o be_v restore_v yet_o the_o profit_n be_v not_o because_o they_o be_v perceive_v not_o from_o the_o inheritance_n but_o from_o the_o thing_n itself_o possible_a therefore_o it_o be_v that_o a_o king_n may_v be_v so_o possess_v of_o the_o government_n over_o some_o people_n in_o his_o own_o proper_a right_n that_o it_o be_v in_o his_o own_o power_n to_o alienate_v it_o as_o it_o be_v grant_v to_o baldwin_n by_o those_o that_o accompany_v he_o in_o his_o expedition_n to_o the_o holy_a land_n that_o the_o half_a of_o
sell_v or_o bequeath_v by_o testament_n than_o kingdom_n be_v xv._o this_o appear_v by_o the_o assign_v tutor_n and_o protector_n in_o kingdom_n there_o be_v also_o another_o mâ—rk_n whereby_o this_o distinction_n may_v be_v see_v namely_o in_o the_o tutelage_n or_o protection_n of_o kingdom_n when_o king_n and_o prince_n be_v hinder_v or_o disable_v either_o by_o some_o disease_n or_o through_o old_a age_n or_o the_o like_a from_o perform_v their_o duty_n for_o where_o the_o kingdom_n be_v not_o patrimonial_a the_o protectorship_n be_v they_o to_o who_o the_o public_a law_n or_o if_o they_o be_v silent_a the_o people_n shall_v consign_v it_o but_o if_o the_o kingdom_n be_v patrimonial_a then_o to_o they_o who_o the_o father_n or_o the_o near_a of_o kin_n shall_v choose_v thus_o do_v ptolemy_n king_n of_o egypt_n appoint_v by_o his_o testament_n the_o people_n of_o rome_n as_o guardian_n to_o his_o son_n who_o to_o perform_v that_o trust_n send_v m._n aemilius_n lepidus_n who_o be_v their_o chief_a priest_n 1._o val._n mar._n lib._n 6._o tit._n 6._o c._n 1._o and_o have_v be_v twice_o consul_n unto_o alexandria_n to_o take_v care_n of_o the_o government_n and_o of_o the_o child_n education_n by_o who_o care_n not_o only_o the_o kingdom_n be_v preserve_v but_o the_o child_n in_o his_o youth_n so_o well_o discipline_v that_o it_o be_v hard_a to_o judge_v whether_o he_o receive_v more_o glory_n by_o his_o father_n great_a fortune_n or_o by_o the_o majesty_n of_o his_o guardian_n so_o we_o read_v that_o in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o epirus_n which_o first_o depend_v on_o the_o suffrage_n of_o the_o people_n tutor_n be_v public_o assign_v unto_o their_o young_a king_n ariba_n the_o like_a be_v do_v by_o the_o nobility_n of_o macedon_n to_o the_o posthumous_n son_n of_o the_o great_a alexander_n but_o in_o asia_n the_o lesser_a which_o be_v gain_v by_o the_o sword_n king_n eumenes_n die_v appoint_v his_o brother_n protector_n to_o his_o young_a son_n attalus_n so_o do_v hiero_n king_n of_o sicily_n by_o his_o testament_n constitute_v unto_o his_o son_n hieronymus_n what_o tutor_n he_o please_v but_o whether_o the_o king_n be_v also_o in_o his_o own_o private_a right_a lord_n of_o the_o soil_n as_o the_o king_n of_o egypt_n be_v after_o the_o time_n of_o joseph_n or_o as_o the_o king_n of_o the_o indian's_n be_v as_o diodorus_n and_o strabo_n testify_v or_o whether_o they_o be_v not_o it_o make_v no_o difference_n for_o these_o be_v extrinsic_a to_o the_o empire_n and_o therefore_o can_v neither_o constitute_v another_o kind_n of_o government_n nor_o alter_v any_o thing_n as_o to_o the_o manner_n of_o hold_v it_o xvi_o sovereignty_n not_o lose_v by_o any_o promise_n make_v of_o any_o thing_n which_o belong_v not_o to_o either_o the_o law_n of_o god_n or_o nature_n the_o three_o observation_n shall_v be_v this_o that_o a_o empire_n cease_v not_o to_o be_v supreme_a though_o he_o that_o be_v to_o govern_v do_v by_o promise_n oblige_v himself_o either_o 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themselves_o to_o observe_v the_o canon_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o church_n but_o by_o none_o of_o these_o oath_n or_o promise_n do_v the_o power_n of_o a_o emperor_n cease_v to_o be_v supreme_a this_o may_v clear_o be_v illustrate_v by_o compare_v the_o power_n of_o a_o king_n with_o that_o of_o a_o master_n in_o his_o own_o family_n for_o although_o a_o master_n do_v promise_n to_o observe_v such_o order_n as_o he_o conceive_v to_o be_v most_o conduce_v to_o the_o welfare_n of_o it_o yet_o do_v he_o not_o thereby_o cease_v to_o be_v supreme_a in_o his_o own_o family_n nor_o do_v a_o husband_n cease_v to_o have_v power_n over_o his_o wife_n though_o he_o have_v oblige_v himself_o to_o the_o contrary_a by_o some_o promise_n that_o he_o have_v make_v to_o she_o yet_o i_o must_v acknowledge_v that_o where_o such_o oath_n and_o promise_n be_v make_v the_o sovereignty_n be_v thereby_o somewhat_o straiten_v whether_o the_o obligation_n do_v only_o restrain_v the_o exercise_n of_o the_o act_n as_o that_o of_o adrian_n abovementioned_a or_o the_o very_a power_n itself_o if_o it_o restrain_v the_o exercise_n only_o than_o the_o act_n that_o be_v do_v contrary_a to_o promise_v be_v sâ—id_v to_o be_v unjust_a because_o as_o we_o shall_v show_v anon_o every_o promise_n give_v a_o right_a to_o he_o to_o who_o it_o be_v make_v but_o if_o it_o restrain_v the_o faculty_n itself_o than_o the_o act_n will_v be_v void_a for_o wâ—nt_v of_o a_o right_n or_o faculty_n to_o do_v it_o and_o yet_o will_v it_o not_o necessary_o follow_v that_o he_o thâ—â—â—â—us_o promise_v have_v any_o power_n superior_a to_o himself_o for_o his_o act_n be_v not_o make_v void_a by_o any_o power_n above_o he_o but_o by_o very_a right_n among_o the_o persian_n no_o man_n can_v say_v but_o that_o their_o king_n be_v supreme_a and_o absolute_a in_o power_n and_o not_o liable_a to_o give_v a_o account_n as_o plutarch_n testify_v nay_o their_o king_n be_v adore_v as_o god_n own_o image_n and_o as_o justin_n tell_v we_o be_v never_o change_v but_o by_o death_n he_o be_v a_o king_n indeed_o that_o say_v to_o the_o noble_n of_o persia_n ne_fw-la viderer_fw-la meo_fw-la tantummodo_fw-la usus_fw-la consilio_fw-la vos_fw-la contraxi_fw-la caeterum_fw-la mementote_fw-la parendum_fw-la vobis_fw-la magis_fw-la quam_fw-la suadendum_fw-la 5._o val._n max._n lib._n 9_o c._n 5._o lest_o i_o shall_v be_v think_v to_o govern_v by_o my_o own_o counsel_n only_o i_o have_v call_v you_o together_o but_o otherwise_o remember_v that_o it_o be_v your_o duty_n rather_o to_o obey_v than_o to_o persuade_v and_o yet_o do_v this_o very_a king_n at_o his_o coronation_n swear_v not_o to_o alter_v the_o law_n of_o that_o kingdom_n make_v after_o such_o a_o form_n as_o both_o xenophon_n and_o diodorus_n testify_v and_o as_o the_o history_n of_o daniel_n and_o plutarch_n in_o the_o life_n of_o themistocles_n inform_v we_o 1._o ch._n 6_o 8_o 13_o 15._o pers_n l._n 1._o so_o josephus_n tell_v we_o that_o vashti_n can_v not_o be_v reconcile_v to_o the_o king_n because_o the_o royal_a decree_n be_v go_v out_o which_o can_v not_o be_v break_v and_o long_o after_o they_o procopius_n confirm_v as_o much_o where_o we_o may_v read_v a_o notable_a example_n to_o this_o purpose_n the_o very_a same_o do_v diodorus_n siculus_n relate_v of_o the_o king_n of_o aethiopia_n and_o egypt_n who_o without_o doubt_n as_o all_o other_o eastern_a king_n have_v in_o their_o respective_a kingdom_n absolute_a power_n and_o yet_o be_v they_o all_o at_o their_o admission_n oblige_v to_o many_o thing_n by_o oath_n or_o promise_n which_o if_o they_o perform_v not_o though_o while_o they_o live_v they_o can_v not_o be_v question_v yet_o be_v dead_a their_o memory_n may_v be_v accuse_v and_o be_v condemn_v their_o carcase_n may_v be_v deny_v solemn_a funeral_n this_o apion_n record_n 3_o civiliam_fw-la 3_o leges_fw-la tyrannorum_fw-la corpora_fw-la insepulta_fw-la extra_fw-la fine_n projici_fw-la jubent_fw-la the_o law_n say_v he_o command_v the_o body_n of_o tyrant_n to_o be_v cast_v out_o of_o their_o territory_n unbury_v in_o obedience_n to_o the_o like_a law_n the_o emperor_n andronicus_n deprive_v his_o own_o father_n michael_n of_o christian_a burial_n 6._o gregoras_n l._n 6._o because_o he_o follow_v the_o faith_n of_o the_o latin_a church_n and_o such_o another_o law_n there_o seem_v to_o be_v among_o the_o hebrew_n who_o will_v not_o permit_v the_o dead_a body_n of_o their_o wicked_a king_n to_o be_v inter_v among_o their_o good_a king_n the_o like_a we_o may_v find_v in_o josephus_n concern_v the_o two_o jorams_fw-mi 3.5_o 2_o chr._n 24.25_o &_o ch._n 28._o 27._o jos_n art_n l._n 8._o c._n 3.5_o the_o one_o king_n of_o juda_n the_o other_o king_n of_o israel_n by_o which_o excellent_a temperament_n of_o reverence_n and_o justice_n they_o both_o preserve_v the_o majesty_n of_o
their_o king_n inviolable_a while_o they_o live_v and_o also_o deter_v they_o from_o break_v their_o oath_n and_o promise_n by_o the_o fear_n of_o a_o dishonourable_a interment_n be_v dead_a the_o king_n of_o epirus_n be_v wont_a to_o make_v oath_n that_o they_o will_v rule_v according_a to_o the_o law_n and_o their_o subject_n likewise_o bind_v themselves_o by_o oath_n to_o defend_v both_o he_o and_o the_o kingdom_n according_a to_o the_o same_o law_n as_o plutarch_n inform_v we_o in_o the_o life_n of_o pyrrhus_n nay_o further_o suppose_v a_o king_n shall_v accept_v of_o his_o kingdom_n upon_o these_o term_n that_o in_o case_n he_o shall_v falsify_v his_o promise_n he_o shall_v lose_v his_o kingdom_n yet_o be_v his_o power_n supreme_a only_o the_o manner_n of_o hold_v it_o will_v be_v so_o much_o impair_v by_o such_o a_o condition_n as_o will_v make_v that_o government_n not_o much_o better_a than_o that_o which_o be_v temporary_a it_o be_v say_v by_o agatharchides_n concern_v a_o king_n of_o the_o sabaean_n that_o he_o be_v not_o liable_a to_o give_v any_o account_n of_o his_o action_n as_o king_n and_o yet_o if_o ever_o he_o be_v see_v out_o of_o his_o own_o palace_n he_o may_v be_v stone_v to_o death_n just_o which_o strabo_n also_o note_v out_o of_o artemidorus_n so_o that_o land_n which_o be_v hold_v upon_o condition_n of_o some_o trust_n to_o be_v perform_v be_v hold_v as_o sully_v during_o the_o performance_n of_o that_o trust_n as_o that_o which_o be_v hold_v absolute_o but_o yet_o it_o be_v possible_a that_o it_o may_v be_v lose_v and_o such_o a_o conditional_a law_n may_v be_v add_v not_o only_o in_o confer_v of_o a_o kingdom_n but_o in_o any_o other_o contract_n for_o some_o league_n with_o our_o neighbour_n prince_n we_o see_v enter_v into_o under_o such_o penalty_n as_o in_o case_n a_o king_n be_v at_o his_o admission_n swear_v shall_v break_v his_o article_n of_o agreement_n his_o subject_n shall_v not_o help_v he_o no_o nor_o obey_v he_o so_o crommerus_n testify_v in_o his_o treatise_n concern_v the_o affair_n of_o poland_n ch._n 19_o &_o 21._o xvii_o it_o may_v sometime_o be_v divide_v the_o four_o thing_n be_v this_o that_o though_o the_o sovereign_a power_n be_v but_o one_o and_o of_o itself_o indivisible_a consist_v of_o those_o part_n above_o mention_v add_v thereunto_o supremacy_n that_o be_v the_o be_v accountable_a to_o none_o yet_o it_o may_v so_o fall_v out_o that_o sometime_o it_o may_v be_v divide_v either_o by_o part_n which_o they_o call_v potential_a or_o by_o part_n which_o they_o term_v subjective_n as_o though_o the_o roman_a empire_n be_v but_o one_o entire_a thing_n yet_o it_o so_o sell_v out_o sometime_o that_o one_o hold_v the_o eastern_a and_o another_o the_o western_a part_n of_o it_o or_o that_o three_o sometime_o divide_v the_o whole_a between_o they_o so_o also_o it_o may_v fall_v out_o that_o the_o people_n elect_v a_o king_n may_v reserve_v some_o act_n to_o themselves_o and_o transfer_v other_o to_o their_o king_n to_o be_v hold_v in_o full_a right_n which_o notwithstanding_o be_v not_o do_v as_o i_o show_v before_o whensoever_o the_o king_n shall_v oblige_v himself_o by_o some_o promise_n but_o then_o only_o when_o either_o the_o partition_n be_v express_o make_v as_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o emperor_n probus_n when_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o the_o senate_n shall_v confirm_v the_o prince_n law_n 157._o vid._n gail_n lib._n 2._o obs_n 157._o and_o that_o they_o may_v take_v cognizance_n of_o appeal_n appoint_v proconsul_n and_o give_v legate_n unto_o the_o consul_n or_o when_o the_o people_n be_v as_o yet_o free_a shall_v require_v it_o from_o he_o who_o they_o choose_v to_o be_v their_o king_n by_o way_n of_o a_o permanent_a law_n or_o precept_n or_o if_o some_o such_o thing_n be_v add_v whereby_o it_o may_v plain_o be_v understand_v that_o their_o king_n may_v be_v compel_v or_o punish_v if_o he_o refuse_v compel_v to_o command_v argue_v a_o superior_a but_o not_o to_o compel_v for_o a_o precept_n or_o command_n be_v common_o from_o a_o superior_a at_o least_o in_o that_o which_o be_v command_v but_o to_o compel_v do_v not_o always_o argue_v a_o superior_a for_o natural_o every_o man_n have_v power_n to_o compel_v his_o debtor_n to_o do_v he_o justice_n but_o it_o be_v repugnant_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o inferior_a and_o therefore_o from_o compulsion_n there_o must_v natural_o follow_v at_o least_o a_o parity_n and_o consequent_o a_o division_n of_o the_o sovereign_a power_n many_o allegation_n be_v usual_o bring_v against_o this_o bipartite_a state_n but_o as_o we_o have_v already_o say_v in_o civilibus_fw-la nihil_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la omni_fw-la ex_fw-la parte_fw-la incommodis_fw-la caret_fw-la &_o jus_n non_fw-la quod_fw-la optimum_fw-la est_fw-la huic_fw-la aut_fw-la illi_fw-la videtur_fw-la sed_fw-la ex_fw-la voluntate_fw-la ejus_fw-la unde_fw-la jus_o oritur_fw-la metiendum_fw-la est_fw-la in_o civil_a matter_n it_o be_v not_o possible_a to_o provide_v against_o all_o inconvenience_n no_o one_o law_n can_v exact_o fit_v every_o man_n case_n no_o more_o than_o any_o one_o shoe_n can_v fit_v every_o man_n foot_n neither_o be_v any_o thing_n account_v right_o by_o seem_v so_o to_o this_o or_o that_o person_n but_o by_o the_o will_n of_o he_o who_o be_v the_o lawmaker_n a_o excellent_a example_n of_o this_o be_v bring_v by_o plato_n in_o the_o three_o book_n of_o his_o law_n for_o when_o the_o heraclidae_fw-la have_v build_v argus_n lacedaemon_n and_o messena_n they_o oblige_v their_o king_n to_o govern_v they_o according_a to_o law_n prescribe_v they_o which_o while_o they_o do_v the_o people_n also_o be_v oblige_v to_o continue_v their_o kingdom_n unto_o they_o and_o to_o their_o posterity_n and_o not_o to_o suffer_v any_o man_n to_o take_v they_o from_o they_o and_o for_o the_o better_a assurance_n of_o this_o agreement_n not_o only_o the_o king_n bind_v themselves_o by_o oath_n to_o their_o subject_n and_o the_o subject_n to_o their_o king_n but_o the_o king_n bind_v themselves_o each_o to_o other_o and_o the_o people_n of_o their_o respective_a king_n one_o to_o another_o and_o the_o king_n give_v their_o faith_n to_o their_o neighbour_a people_n and_o those_o people_n to_o their_o neighbour_a king_n each_o king_n and_o people_n promise_v their_o mutual_a aid_n and_o assistance_n in_o defence_n of_o the_o government_n establish_v among_o they_o many_o example_n of_o this_o kind_n may_v be_v collect_v out_o of_o the_o history_n of_o our_o northern_a nation_n as_o in_o johannes_n magnus_n his_o history_n of_o sweden_n and_o in_o crantzius_n of_o the_o swede_n and_o pontanus_n of_o the_o dane_n xviii_o which_o be_v ill_o collect_v from_o this_o that_o some_o prince_n will_v have_v their_o act_n confirm_v by_o the_o senate_n true_a it_o be_v that_o some_o king_n will_v not_o permit_v that_o some_o act_n of_o they_o shall_v be_v of_o force_n until_o they_o be_v confirm_v by_o the_o senate_n or_o some_o other_o commissioner_n yet_o he_o that_o shall_v hence_o infer_v that_o there_o be_v a_o partition_n of_o power_n will_v be_v mistake_v for_o whatsoever_o act_n be_v thus_o rescind_v aught_o to_o be_v understand_v as_o though_o they_o be_v make_v void_a by_o the_o king_n himself_o who_o by_o this_o mean_n provide_v that_o nothing_o fraudulent_o gain_v from_o he_o shall_v pass_v to_o his_o disadvantage_n this_o be_v the_o scope_n of_o that_o rescript_n send_v by_o antiochus_n the_o three_o to_o his_o magistrate_n that_o in_o case_n he_o command_v they_o to_o do_v any_o thing_n contrary_a to_o law_n they_o shall_v not_o obey_v he_o and_o of_o that_o of_o constantine_n to_o his_o that_o widow_n and_o orphan_n shall_v not_o be_v compel_v to_o come_v for_o judgement_n to_o the_o court_n of_o the_o emperor_n although_o the_o emperor_n own_o letter_n shall_v be_v produce_v for_o it_o this_o be_v very_o like_a unto_o those_o testament_n unto_o which_o this_o clause_n be_v add_v that_o no_o testament_n hereafter_o to_o be_v make_v shall_v be_v of_o force_n for_o such_o a_o clause_n will_v have_v it_o believe_v that_o the_o latter_a testament_n proceed_v not_o from_o the_o will_n of_o the_o testator_n but_o as_o that_o clause_n in_o the_o will_n so_o the_o first_o act_n of_o a_o prince_n may_v by_o any_o after-act_n of_o he_o or_o by_o any_o special_a indication_n of_o his_o late_a will_n be_v easy_o rescind_v xix_o some_o other_o example_n hither_o ill_o draw_v neither_o be_o i_o at_o all_o sway_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o polybius_n who_o will_v fain_o have_v the_o roman_n to_o be_v a_o mix_a commonwealth_n which_o if_o we_o regard_v not_o so_o much_o the_o act_n themselves_o as_o the_o power_n whereby_o they_o be_v do_v be_v doubtless_o at_o that_o time_n mere_o popular_a for_o as_o well_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o senate_n which_o
and_o not_o to_o declare_v that_o the_o other_o be_v not_o free_a by_o superior_a we_o understand_v not_o in_o power_n for_o he_o have_v say_v before_o that_o a_o free_a nation_n shall_v not_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o power_n of_o another_o but_o in_o authority_n and_o dignity_n which_o the_o word_n follow_v by_o a_o very_a fit_a simile_n do_v clear_o illustrate_v other_o some_o nation_n be_v equal_a in_o liberty_n though_o not_o in_o dignity_n with_o other_o for_o as_o we_o know_v our_o client_n to_o be_v free_a though_o neither_o in_o dignity_n nor_o in_o authority_n nor_o in_o all_o right_a our_o equal_n so_o they_o that_o be_v oblige_v faithful_o to_o uphold_v our_o majesty_n be_v notwithstanding_o to_o be_v understand_v our_o equal_n in_o liberty_n client_n be_v free_a though_o under_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o patron_n or_o advocate_n so_o be_v a_o inferior_a people_n free_a though_o in_o league_n with_o a_o people_n superior_a unto_o they_o in_o dignity_n for_o they_o may_v be_v under_o their_o protection_n though_o not_o under_o their_o jurisdiction_n as_o sylla_n speak_v in_o appian_n a_o example_n we_o have_v in_o the_o dilimnite_n mithridat_n ap._n mithridat_n who_o as_o agathias_n tell_v we_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d free_a to_o live_v by_o their_o own_o lawâ—_n though_o they_o serve_v the_o persian_a in_o his_o war_n this_o be_v the_o design_n of_o the_o empress_n irene_n so_o to_o divide_v the_o empire_n among_o the_o son_n of_o her_o husband_n that_o the_o young_a son_n shall_v be_v inferior_a to_o the_o elder_a in_o dignity_n but_o otherwise_o they_o shall_v be_v independent_a and_o absolute_a in_o power_n 2._o de_fw-fr off._n l._n 2._o cicero_n speak_v of_o that_o golden_a age_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n say_v patrocinium_fw-la sociorum_fw-la penes_fw-la eos_fw-la esse_fw-la non_fw-la imperium_fw-la the_o roman_n give_v protection_n to_o their_o friend_n and_o ally_n but_o claim_v no_o dominion_n over_o they_o 26._o liv._o l._n 26._o with_o who_o agree_v that_o of_o scipio_n africanus_n the_o people_n of_o rome_n have_v rather_o oblige_v their_o neighbour_n unto_o they_o by_o courtesy_n than_o by_o fear_n and_o to_o win_v foreign_a nation_n unto_o they_o by_o faith_n and_o friendship_n than_o to_o subject_v they_o to_o a_o ungrateful_a bondage_n and_o what_o strabo_n report_v of_o the_o lacedaemonian_n after_o the_o arrival_n of_o the_o roman_n in_o greece_n say_v they_o enjoy_v their_o own_o freedom_n contribute_v nothing_o unto_o the_o roman_n but_o the_o mutual_a office_n of_o love_n and_o friendship_n as_o private_a protection_n take_v not_o away_o personal_a liberty_n protection_n protection_n so_o neither_o do_v public_a take_v away_o civil_a which_o without_o sovereign_a power_n can_v consist_v and_o therefore_o livy_n wise_o oppose_v to_o be_v under_o protection_n unto_o to_o be_v under_o jurisdiction_n augustus_n caesar_n as_o josephus_n relate_v threaten_v syllaeus_n king_n of_o arabia_n that_o if_o he_o abstain_v not_o from_o injure_v his_o neighbour_n he_o will_v quick_o make_v he_o of_o a_o friend_n a_o subject_a which_o be_v the_o condition_n of_o the_o king_n of_o armenia_n who_o be_v under_o the_o romanâ—urisdiction_n â—urisdiction_z retain_v only_o the_o title_n of_o king_n but_o not_o the_o power_n as_o do_v also_o the_o king_n of_o cyprus_n and_o some_o other_o though_o in_o name_n king_n yet_o be_v they_o subject_n to_o the_o persian_a monarchy_n as_o diodorus_n call_v they_o but_o here_o it_o may_v be_v object_v what_o proculus_n add_v confederate_n lib._n 16._o four_o kind_n of_o difference_n usual_o arise_v between_o confederate_n but_o some_o who_o belong_v to_o our_o confederate_a city_n be_v with_o we_o find_v guilty_a who_o be_v condemn_v we_o may_v punish_v but_o that_o we_o may_v understand_v these_o word_n we_o must_v know_v that_o there_o be_v four_o kind_n of_o difference_n that_o usual_o arise_v among_o confederate_n as_o in_o the_o first_o place_n if_o the_o 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recuperator_n office_n for_o the_o law_n say_v aelius_n gallus_n in_o festus_n do_v determine_v between_o king_n and_o people_n nation_n and_o foreign_a city_n how_o thing_n by_o the_o recuperator_n may_v be_v restore_v and_o how_o they_o may_v be_v receive_v and_o how_o private_a man_n case_n may_v be_v prosecute_v in_o each_o nation_n for_o one_o of_o the_o confederate_n can_v have_v no_o right_n direct_o to_o apprehend_v or_o to_o punish_v the_o subject_n of_o the_o other_o confederate_n and_o therefore_o decius_n magius_n a_o campane_n be_v apprehend_v and_o bind_v by_o hannibal_n and_o so_o convey_v to_o cyrene_n and_o from_o thence_o send_v to_o alexandria_n plead_v that_o he_o be_v bind_v by_o hannibal_n contrary_a to_o the_o article_n of_o the_o league_n whereupon_o he_o be_v present_o set_v at_o liberty_n as_o to_o the_o second_o kind_n of_o controversy_n one_o of_o the_o king_n or_o people_n confederate_a have_v power_n to_o compel_v the_o other_o to_o keep_v the_o article_n of_o the_o league_n and_o in_o case_n of_o refusal_n to_o punish_v he_o but_o neither_o be_v this_o peculiar_a to_o a_o league_n that_o be_v unequal_a but_o may_v be_v do_v in_o one_o that_o be_v equal_a for_o it_o be_v enough_o to_o justify_v any_o man_n for_o seek_v a_o revenge_n against_o he_o that_o have_v wrong_v he_o that_o he_o be_v not_o subject_a unto_o he_o as_o shall_v be_v prove_v anon_o wherefore_o this_o be_v also_o in_o force_n even_o among_o such_o people_n as_o be_v not_o confederated_a the_o three_o sort_n of_o controversy_n be_v among_o such_o as_o be_v equal_o confederated_a and_o these_o be_v usual_o refer_v to_o a_o diet_n or_o convention_n of_o the_o state_n associate_v yet_o not_o therein_o concern_v for_o so_o the_o greek_n the_o latin_n and_o the_o german_n be_v wont_a to_o do_v or_o otherwise_o refer_v to_o arbiter_n or_o even_o to_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o league_n as_o to_o a_o common_a arbiter_n so_o in_o a_o unequal_a league_n it_o be_v usual_o agree_v that_o the_o thing_n in_o controversy_n shall_v be_v discuss_v in_o that_o nation_n which_o be_v superior_a in_o the_o league_n wherefore_o neither_o do_v this_o argue_v a_o superiority_n in_o power_n for_o even_o king_n themselves_o refuse_v not_o to_o have_v their_o own_o cause_n sometime_o try_v before_o such_o judge_n as_o even_o themselves_o have_v constitute_v but_o of_o the_o last_o kind_n of_o controversy_n associate_n have_v no_o right_n at_o all_o to_o judge_v and_o therefore_o when_o herod_n do_v vehement_o accuse_v his_o two_o son_n before_o augustus_n caesar_n for_o conspire_v against_o his_o life_n they_o take_v it_o as_o a_o favour_n he_o have_v do_v they_o 8._o jos_n ant._n lib._n 16._o c._n 7_o 8._o poteras_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la supplicium_fw-la sumere_fw-la tuo_fw-la jure_fw-la tum_fw-la qua_fw-la pater_fw-la turn_n qua_fw-la rex_fw-la thou_o may_v have_v inflict_v what_o punishment_n upon_o we_o thou_o will_v by_o thy_o own_o right_n both_o as_o a_o father_n and_o as_o a_o king_n and_o when_o hannibal_n be_v accuse_v at_o rome_n by_o some_o carthaginian_n for_o stir_v up_o sedition_n among_o the_o citizen_n 9_o val._n max._n lib._n 4._o c._n 1._o pol._n lib._n 1._o c._n 9_o scipio_n tell_v the_o senate_n that_o it_o do_v not_o become_v they_o to_o intermeddle_v with_o that_o which_o proper_o belong_v to_o the_o city_n of_o carthage_n and_o herein_o it_o be_v that_o aristotle_n put_v a_o difference_n between_o a_o society_n and_o a_o city_n for_o it_o concern_v confederate_a society_n to_o take_v care_n that_o no_o injury_n be_v commit_v against_o they_o but_o not_o that_o the_o citizen_n of_o any_o one_o of_o the_o confederate_n do_v not_o injure_v one_o another_o but_o here_o again_o it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o in_o unequal_a league_n he_o that_o be_v superior_a in_o the_o league_n be_v sometime_o say_v to_o command_v and_o he_o that_o be_v inferior_a to_o obey_v
but_o neither_o shall_v this_o move_v we_o for_o this_o be_v when_o the_o thing_n in_o controversy_n concern_v either_o the_o common_a good_a of_o both_o party_n confederate_a or_o the_o private_a profit_n of_o he_o that_o be_v superior_a in_o that_o league_n as_o to_o the_o thing_n of_o common_a concernment_n 11.22_o dan._n 11.22_o the_o assembly_n not_o sit_v he_o that_o be_v the_o prince_n of_o the_o league_n though_o it_o be_v a_o equal_a league_n do_v usual_o command_v his_o associate_n as_o agamemnon_n in_o the_o trojan_a expedition_n do_v the_o grecian_a prince_n and_o as_o afterward_o the_o lacedaemonian_n do_v the_o grecian_n and_o after_o they_o the_o athenian_n thucydides_n in_o that_o oration_n make_v by_o the_o corinthian_n say_v it_o very_o well_o become_v the_o prince_n of_o the_o league_n in_o private_a matter_n to_o deal_v equal_o but_o in_o public_a to_o be_v more_o than_o ordinary_o solicitous_a isocrates_n commend_v that_o excellent_a conduct_n of_o the_o ancient_a athenian_n in_o the_o manage_n of_o their_o social_a war_n say_v that_o they_o take_v care_n for_o all_o without_o entrench_v upon_o the_o liberty_n of_o any_o and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o allow_v they_o to_o command_v but_o not_o to_o domineer_v it_o be_v well_o worth_a our_o observation_n that_o what_o the_o latin_n express_v by_o the_o word_n imperare_fw-la to_o command_v the_o greek_n more_o modest_o express_v by_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o dispose_v or_o set_v in_o order_n the_o athenian_n to_o who_o the_o conduct_n of_o the_o war_n against_o the_o persian_n be_v commit_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d say_v thucydides_n do_v order_v which_o city_n shall_v contribute_v money_n and_o which_o ship_n and_o they_o that_o be_v send_v from_o rome_n into_o greece_n 24._o plinii_n ep_v lib._n 8._o c._n 24._o be_v say_v to_o be_v send_v to_o give_v order_n for_o the_o well_o govern_v of_o the_o free_a city_n now_o if_o he_o that_o be_v the_o principal_a party_n in_o a_o equal_a league_n do_v thus_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v wonder_v at_o if_o he_o that_o in_o a_o unequal_a league_n be_v superior_a in_o honour_n and_o dignity_n do_v the_o same_o for_o the_o word_n imperium_fw-la that_o be_v empire_n take_v in_o this_o sense_n as_o it_o signify_v only_o a_o ordinance_n and_o appointment_n equal_o conduce_v to_o the_o common_a good_a do_v not_o at_o all_o imply_v the_o loss_n of_o the_o other_o liberty_n 37._o livy_n l._n 37._o the_o rhodian_o in_o their_o oration_n to_o the_o roman_a senate_n thus_o bespeak_v they_o the_o grecians_n be_v wont_a to_o defend_v their_o empire_n with_o their_o own_o force_n but_o their_o empire_n where_o now_o it_o be_v they_o wish_v that_o it_o may_v remain_v for_o ever_o they_o be_v now_o well_o content_v to_o defend_v their_o liberty_n with_o your_o arm_n 15._o lib._n 15._o be_v no_o long_o able_a to_o do_v it_o with_o their_o own_o so_o diodorus_n tell_v we_o that_o after_o the_o take_n of_o the_o cadmean_a fort_n by_o the_o theban_n many_o of_o the_o grecian_a city_n meet_v and_o agree_v among_o themselves_o that_o every_o city_n in_o greece_n shall_v enjoy_v its_o own_o freedom_n yet_o the_o conduct_n of_o the_o war_n shall_v be_v give_v to_o the_o athenian_n and_o yet_o dion_n prusaeensis_n speak_v of_o those_o very_a athenian_n in_o the_o time_n of_o philip_n of_o macedon_n say_v that_o have_v at_o that_o time_n lose_v their_o command_n in_o the_o war_n they_o retain_v only_o their_o own_o liberty_n so_o those_o people_n which_o caesar_n reckon_v to_o be_v under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o suevian_o he_o by_o and_o by_o call_v his_o confederate_n but_o in_o such_o thing_n as_o appertain_v to_o his_o own_o particular_a profit_n the_o request_n of_o he_o that_o be_v superior_a in_o the_o league_n be_v usual_o take_v for_o command_n not_o that_o they_o be_v so_o indeed_o but_o that_o they_o be_v in_o respect_n of_o their_o usual_a effect_n equivalent_a to_o command_n for_o he_o need_v no_o force_n who_o know_v himself_o to_o be_v fear_v armatae_fw-la sunt_fw-la regum_fw-la praeces_fw-la the_o request_n of_o king_n have_v the_o same_o power_n as_o command_n and_o a_o denial_n how_o just_a soever_o shall_v be_v by_o they_o as_o ill_o digest_v as_o a_o injury_n it_o be_v never_o hear_v of_o say_v livy_n before_o caius_n posthumius_fw-la that_o any_o consul_n be_v either_o chargeable_a or_o burdensome_a to_o our_o associate_n in_o any_o thing_n and_o therefore_o be_v our_o magistrate_n supply_v abundant_o with_o mule_n pavilion_n and_o all_o other_o instrument_n of_o war_n that_o so_o they_o may_v not_o require_v they_o from_o our_o associate_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n it_o sometime_o so_o fall_v out_o subjection_n the_o weak_a associate_n sometime_o reduce_v unto_o subjection_n that_o if_o he_o that_o be_v superior_a in_o the_o league_n be_v much_o more_o potent_a than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o confederate_n he_o may_v by_o degree_n at_o length_n usurp_v the_o sovereignty_n over_o they_o especial_o if_o the_o league_n be_v perpetual_a and_o that_o he_o have_v thereby_o a_o right_a to_o place_v garrison_n in_o any_o of_o their_o strong_a town_n as_o the_o athenian_n sometime_o do_v when_o they_o suffer_v themselves_o to_o be_v appeal_v unto_o from_o their_o associate_n 34._o hal._n l._n 6._o livy_n l._n 34._o which_o by_o the_o lacedaemonian_n be_v never_o do_v wherefore_o isocrates_n equal_v the_o government_n that_o the_o athenian_n exercise_v in_o those_o day_n over_o their_o associate_n with_o that_o of_o king_n and_o absolute_a prince_n so_o the_o latin_n in_o livy_n complain_v against_o the_o roman_n that_o under_o the_o specious_a title_n of_o be_v associate_n in_o war_n they_o be_v reduce_v into_o a_o mere_a subjection_n which_o society_n in_o arm_n plutarch_n in_o the_o life_n of_o aratus_n call_v a_o gentle_a slavery_n 4._o hist_o 4._o so_o festus_n rufus_n in_o tacitus_n concern_v the_o rhodian_o at_o first_o they_o live_v in_o great_a freedom_n till_o afterward_o the_o roman_n gentle_o urge_v they_o they_o be_v bring_v by_o little_a and_o little_a into_o a_o habit_n of_o subjection_n so_o the_o aetolian_n likewise_o complain_v that_o they_o have_v nothing_o leave_v they_o but_o the_o bare_a shadow_n and_o empty_a name_n of_o liberty_n so_o likewise_o afterward_o the_o achaian_n complain_n that_o they_o have_v indeed_o a_o league_n in_o appearance_n but_o be_v at_o length_n bring_v into_o a_o precarious_a servitude_n the_o like_a complaint_n civilis_fw-la batavus_fw-la in_o tacitus_n make_v against_o the_o same_o roman_n that_o they_o use_v they_o not_o as_o former_o like_o companion_n but_o usurp_v and_o insult_v over_o they_o as_o mere_a slave_n and_o in_o another_o place_n they_o false_o call_v that_o peace_n which_o be_v indeed_o but_o a_o miserable_a slavery_n thus_o eumenes_n also_o in_o livy_n concern_v the_o confederate_n of_o the_o rhodian_o that_o they_o be_v their_o associate_n in_o name_n but_o their_o vassal_n indeed_o thus_o also_o magnetes_n in_o polybius_n say_v that_o demetrias_n be_v in_o show_n free_a but_o in_o effect_v all_o thing_n be_v do_v there_o at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o roman_n the_o thessalian_n likewise_o be_v in_o appearance_n free_a but_o indeed_o under_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o macedonian_n as_o the_o same_o polybius_n testify_v now_o when_o these_o thing_n be_v do_v and_o so_o do_v as_o by_o patient_a endurance_n they_o may_v by_o mistake_n be_v say_v to_o be_v right_o do_v whereof_o we_o shall_v elsewhere_o discourse_v more_o full_o then_o either_o of_o companion_n they_o be_v make_v subject_n or_o certain_o there_o must_v be_v a_o partition_n of_o the_o supremacy_n which_o as_o i_o have_v say_v before_o may_v sometime_o happen_v xxii_o of_o such_o as_o pay_v tribute_n they_o that_o pay_v any_o thing_n either_o in_o satisfaction_n of_o wrong_n past_a or_o to_o be_v protect_v against_o injury_n to_o come_v be_v by_o thucydides_n call_v tributary_n associate_n such_o be_v the_o king_n of_o the_o hebrew_n and_o of_o their_o neighbour_n nation_n after_o the_o time_n of_o m._n anthony_n free_a though_o under_o a_o certain_a tribute_n nor_o do_v i_o see_v any_o cause_n to_o doubt_v but_o that_o they_o that_o reign_v so_o have_v supreme_a power_n within_o their_o respective_a dominion_n and_o have_v a_o full_a right_a to_o punish_v delinquent_n according_a to_o their_o own_o law_n thus_o m._n anthony_n defend_v king_n herod_n be_v accuse_v for_o murder_a aristobulus_n that_o it_o be_v neither_o just_a nor_o right_a to_o call_v a_o king_n to_o a_o account_n for_o what_o he_o do_v as_o a_o king_n for_o if_o so_o he_o can_v not_o be_v a_o king_n for_o common_a equity_n require_v that_o they_o that_o give_v he_o that_o honour_n shall_v permit_v he_o the_o free_a use_n of_o that_o sovereign_a power_n which_o be_v appendent_a unto_o it_o so_o
be_v the_o minister_n of_o god_n for_o our_o good_a now_o if_o there_o be_v a_o necessity_n of_o our_o subjection_n than_o there_o be_v the_o same_o necessity_n for_o our_o not_o resist_v because_o he_o that_o resist_v be_v not_o subject_a neither_o do_v the_o apostle_n mean_v such_o a_o necessity_n of_o subjection_n as_o arise_v from_o a_o apprehension_n of_o some_o worse_a inconvenience_n that_o may_v follow_v upon_o our_o resistance_n but_o such_o as_o proceed_v from_o the_o sense_n of_o some_o benefit_n that_o we_o receive_v by_o it_o whereby_o we_o stand_v oblige_v in_o duty_n not_o unto_o man_n only_o but_o unto_o god_n so_o that_o he_o that_o resist_v the_o power_n of_o the_o supreme_a magistrate_n incur_v a_o double_a punishment_n say_v plato_n first_o from_o god_n for_o break_v that_o good_a order_n which_o he_o have_v constitute_v among_o man_n and_o second_o from_o the_o commonwealth_n who_o righteous_a law_n make_v for_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o public_a peace_n be_v by_o resistance_n weaken_v and_o the_o commonwealth_n thereby_o endanger_v for_o can_v thou_o believe_v say_v plato_n that_o any_o city_n or_o kingdom_n can_v long_o stand_v when_o the_o public_a decree_n of_o the_o senate_n shall_v be_v wilful_o break_v and_o trample_v upon_o by_o the_o overswell_a power_n of_o some_o private_a man_n who_o in_o struggle_v against_o the_o execution_n of_o the_o law_n do_v as_o much_o as_o in_o they_o lie_v dissolve_v the_o commonwealth_n and_o consequent_o bring_v all_o into_o confusion_n the_o apostle_n therefore_o fortify_v this_o necessity_n of_o public_a subjection_n to_o prince_n with_o two_o main_a reason_n first_o because_o god_n have_v constitute_v and_o approve_v of_o this_o order_n of_o command_v and_o obey_v and_o that_o not_o only_o under_o the_o jewish_a but_o under_o the_o christian_a law_n wherefore_o the_o power_n that_o be_v set_v over_o we_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v not_o servile_o superstitious_o or_o out_o of_o fear_n but_o with_o free_a rational_a and_o generous_a spirit_n tanquam_fw-la à _fw-la diis_fw-la datae_fw-la as_o be_v give_v by_o the_o god_n say_v plato_n or_o as_o st._n paul_n tanquam_fw-la à _fw-la deo_fw-la ordinatae_fw-la as_o if_o ordain_v by_o god_n himself_o which_o order_n as_o it_o be_v original_o god_n so_o by_o give_v it_o a_o civil_a sanction_n it_o become_v we_o also_o for_o thereby_o we_o add_v as_o much_o authority_n unto_o it_o as_o we_o can_v give_v the_o other_o reason_n be_v draw_v ab_fw-la utili_fw-la from_o profit_n because_o this_o order_n be_v constitute_v for_o our_o good_a and_o therefore_o in_o conscience_n be_v to_o be_v obey_v and_o not_o resist_v but_o here_o some_o man_n may_v say_v that_o to_o bear_v injury_n be_v not_o at_o all_o profitable_a unto_o we_o whereunto_o some_o man_n haply_o more_o true_o than_o apposite_o to_o the_o meaning_n of_o the_o apostle_n give_v this_o answer_n that_o patient_o to_o bear_v injury_n conduce_v much_o to_o our_o benefit_n because_o it_o entitle_v we_o to_o a_o reward_n far_o transcend_v our_o suffering_n as_o st._n paul_n testify_v but_o though_o this_o also_o be_v true_a yet_o be_v it_o not_o as_o i_o conceive_v the_o proper_a and_o genuine_a sense_n of_o the_o apostle_n word_n which_o doubtless_o have_v respect_n to_o that_o universal_a good_a whereunto_o this_o order_n be_v at_o first_o institute_v as_o to_o its_o proper_a end_n which_o be_v the_o public_a peace_n wherein_o every_o particular_a man_n be_v as_o much_o concern_v if_o not_o much_o more_o than_o in_o his_o private_a for_o what_o protection_n can_v good_a law_n give_v if_o subject_n may_v refuse_v to_o yield_v their_o obedience_n to_o they_o whereas_o by_o the_o constant_a observance_n of_o good_a law_n all_o estate_n both_o public_a and_o private_a do_v grow_v up_o and_o flourish_v together_o plato_n plato_n and_o certain_o these_o be_v the_o good_a fruit_n that_o we_o receive_v from_o the_o supreme_a power_n for_o which_o in_o conscience_n we_o owe_v they_o obedience_n for_o no_o man_n do_v ever_o yet_o wish_v ill_a to_o himself_o but_o he_o that_o resist_v the_o power_n of_o the_o magistrate_n and_o wilful_o violate_v the_o law_n establish_v do_v in_o effect_n as_o far_o as_o in_o he_o be_v dissolve_v his_o country_n peace_n plato_n plato_n and_o will_v in_o the_o end_n bury_v himself_o also_o in_o the_o ruin_n of_o it_o beside_o the_o glory_n of_o king_n consist_v in_o the_o prosperity_n of_o their_o subject_n when_o sylla_n have_v by_o his_o cruelty_n almost_o depopulate_v 28._o plut._n florus_n aug._n the_o civ_o dei_fw-la lib._n 3._o c._n 28._o not_o rome_n only_o but_o all_o italy_n one_o seasonable_o admonish_v he_o sinendos_fw-la esse_fw-la aliquos_fw-la vivere_fw-la ut_fw-la essent_fw-la quibus_fw-la imperet_fw-la that_o some_o shall_v be_v permit_v to_o live_v over_o who_o he_o may_v rule_v as_o a_o king_n it_o be_v a_o common_a proverb_n among_o the_o hebrew_n nisi_fw-la potestas_fw-la publica_fw-la esset_fw-la alter_fw-la alterum_fw-la vivum_fw-la deglutiret_fw-la be_v it_o not_o for_o the_o sovereign_a power_n every_o kingdom_n will_v be_v like_o a_o great_a pond_n wherein_o the_o great_a fish_n will_v always_o devour_v the_o lesser_a agreeable_a whereunto_o be_v that_o of_o chrysostome_n unless_o there_o be_v a_o power_n over_o we_o to_o restrain_v our_o inordinate_a lust_n man_n will_v be_v more_o fierce_a and_o cruel_a than_o lion_n and_o tiger_n not_o only_a bite_n but_o eat_v and_o devour_v one_o another_o take_v away_o tribunal_n of_o justice_n and_o you_o take_v away_o all_o right_n property_n and_o dominion_n no_o man_n can_v say_v this_o be_v my_o house_n this_o my_o land_n these_o my_o good_n or_o my_o servant_n 5._o chrys_n de_fw-fr statuis_fw-la 6._o ad_fw-la eph._n 5._o but_o omnia_fw-la erunt_fw-la fortiorum_fw-la the_o long_a sword_n will_v take_v all_o the_o mighty_a man_n can_v be_v no_o long_o secure_v of_o his_o estate_n than_o until_o a_o mighty_a than_o he_o come_v to_o dispossess_v he_o the_o weak_a must_n always_o give_v place_n to_o the_o strong_a and_o where_o the_o strength_n be_v equal_a the_o loss_n will_v be_v so_o too_o and_o this_o will_v at_o length_n introduce_v a_o general_a ataxy_n which_o will_v be_v far_o more_o perilous_a than_o a_o perfect_a slavery_n wherefore_o see_v that_o god_n have_v establish_v and_o humane_a reason_n upon_o trial_n approve_v of_o sovereign_a empire_n as_o the_o best_a preservative_n of_o humane_a society_n that_o every_o man_n shall_v yield_v obedience_n thereunto_o be_v most_o rational_a for_o without_o subjection_n there_o can_v be_v no_o protection_n but_o here_o it_o will_v be_v object_v that_o the_o command_n of_o prince_n do_v not_o always_o tend_v to_o the_o public_a good_a object_n and_o therefore_o when_o they_o decline_v from_o that_o end_n for_o which_o they_o be_v ordain_v they_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v obey_v to_o which_o i_o answer_v that_o though_o the_o supreme_a magistrate_n do_v sometime_o either_o through_o fear_n anger_n lust_n covetousness_n or_o such_o like_a inordinate_a passion_n balk_v the_o ordinary_a path_n of_o justice_n and_o equity_n yet_o be_v these_o happen_v but_o seldom_o to_o be_v pass_v over_o as_o personal_a blemish_n which_o as_o tacitus_n right_o observe_v be_v abundant_o recompense_v by_o the_o more_o frequent_a example_n of_o better_a prince_n beside_o the_o life_n of_o prince_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v with_o some_o grain_n of_o allowance_n in_o respect_n of_o those_o many_o provocation_n and_o opportunity_n they_o have_v to_o offend_v which_o private_a man_n have_v not_o all_o man_n have_v their_o fail_n we_o ourselves_o have_v we_o and_o in_o case_n we_o will_v admit_v of_o none_o in_o king_n we_o must_v not_o rank_v they_o among_o man_n favour_n king_n to_o be_v censure_v with_o some_o favour_n but_o go_n the_o moon_n have_v her_o spot_n venus_n her_o mole_n and_o if_o we_o can_v find_v nothing_o under_o the_o sun_n without_o blemish_n why_o shall_v we_o expect_v perfection_n in_o king_n he_o be_v very_o uncharitable_a that_o judge_n of_o ruler_n by_o some_o few_o of_o their_o evil_a deed_n pass_v over_o many_o of_o their_o good_a one_o see_v therefore_o that_o there_o be_v in_o all_o man_n life_n as_o in_o our_o best_a coin_n a_o intermixture_n of_o good_a and_o evil_a it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o denominate_v a_o prince_n good_a if_o his_o virtue_n excel_v his_o error_n beside_o to_o charge_v the_o vice_n of_o prince_n upon_o the_o government_n as_o they_o usual_o do_v who_o affect_v innovation_n be_v but_o a_o cheat_n for_o what_o be_v this_o but_o to_o condemn_v the_o law_n for_o the_o corruption_n of_o some_o lawyer_n or_o agriculture_n because_o some_o husbandman_n do_v curse_n god_n for_o a_o storm_n si_fw-mi mentiar_fw-la ego_fw-la mentior_fw-la non_fw-la negotium_fw-la if_o i_o do_v lie_n say_v the_o merchant_n in_o st._n augustine_n it_o be_v i_o that_o be_o to_o be_v blame_v not_o
those_o who_o first_o enter_v into_o civil_a society_n from_o who_o the_o right_a of_o government_n be_v devolve_v upon_o the_o person_n govern_v who_o have_v they_o be_v demand_v ☜_o ☜_o whether_o they_o will_v have_v impose_v such_o a_o yoke_n upon_o all_o mankind_n as_o death_n itself_o rather_o than_o in_o any_o case_n by_o force_n to_o repel_v the_o insolence_n of_o their_o superior_n i_o much_o question_n whether_o they_o will_v have_v grant_v it_o unless_o it_o have_v heen_fw-mi in_o such_o a_o case_n where_o such_o resistance_n can_v not_o be_v make_v without_o great_a commotion_n in_o the_o commonwealth_n or_o the_o certain_a destruction_n of_o many_o innocent_n for_o what_o charity_n commend_v in_o such_o a_o case_n to_o be_v do_v may_v i_o doubt_v not_o pass_v for_o a_o humane_a law_n but_o some_o may_v say_v that_o this_o rigid_a obligation_n to_o die_v rather_o than_o at_o any_o time_n to_o resist_v injury_n do_v by_o our_o superior_n be_v not_o impose_v on_o we_o by_o any_o humane_a but_o by_o the_o divine_a law_n but_o we_o must_v observe_v that_o man_n do_v not_o at_o first_o unite_v themselves_o in_o civil_a society_n by_o any_o special_a command_n from_o god_n but_o voluntary_o out_o of_o a_o sense_n they_o have_v of_o their_o own_o impotency_n to_o repel_v force_n and_o violence_n whilst_o they_o live_v solitary_o and_o in_o family_n apart_o whence_o the_o civil_a power_n take_v its_o rise_n for_o which_o cause_n it_o be_v that_o st._n peter_n call_v it_o a_o humane_a ordinance_n although_o it_o be_v elsewhere_o call_v a_o divine_a ordinance_n because_o this_o wholesome_a constitution_n of_o man_n be_v approve_v of_o by_o god_n himself_o but_o god_n in_o approve_v a_o humane_a law_n may_v be_v think_v to_o approve_v of_o it_o as_o a_o humane_a law_n 8._o barkley_n lib._n 3._o contra_fw-la monarchomach_n c._n 8._o and_o after_o a_o humane_a manner_n barkley_n who_o be_v the_o stout_a champion_n in_o defend_v kingly_a power_n do_v notwithstanding_o thus_o far_o allow_v that_o the_o people_n or_o the_o noble_a part_n of_o they_o have_v a_o right_a to_o defend_v themselves_o against_o cruel_a tyranny_n and_o yet_o he_o confess_v that_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o people_n be_v subject_a unto_o the_o king_n now_o this_o i_o shall_v easy_o admit_v that_o the_o more_o we_o desire_v to_o secure_v any_o thing_n by_o law_n the_o more_o express_a and_o peremptory_a shall_v that_o law_n be_v and_o the_o few_o exception_n there_o shall_v be_v from_o it_o for_o they_o that_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o violate_v that_o law_n will_v present_o seek_v shelter_n and_o think_v themselves_o privilege_v by_o those_o exception_n though_o their_o case_n be_v far_o different_a yet_o dare_v i_o not_o condemn_v indifferent_o either_o every_o private_a man_n or_o every_o though_o lesser_a part_n of_o the_o people_n who_o as_o their_o last_o refuge_n in_o case_n of_o extreme_a necessity_n have_v ancient_o make_v use_v of_o their_o arm_n to_o defend_v themselves_o yet_o with_o respect_n have_v to_o the_o common_a good_a for_o david_n example_n david_n example_n who_o save_v in_o some_o particular_a fact_n be_v so_o celebrate_v for_o his_o integrity_n do_v yet_o entertain_v first_o four_o hundred_o and_o afterward_o more_o arm_a man_n to_o what_o end_n unless_o for_o the_o safeguard_n of_o his_o own_o person_n against_o any_o violence_n that_o shall_v be_v offer_v he_o but_o this_o also_o we_o must_v note_v that_o david_n do_v not_o this_o until_o he_o have_v be_v assure_v both_o by_o jonathan_n and_o by_o many_o other_o infallible_a argument_n that_o saul_n seek_v his_o life_n and_o that_o even_o then_o he_o neither_o invade_v any_o city_n nor_o make_v a_o offensive_a war_n against_o any_o but_o lurk_v only_o for_o his_o own_o security_n sometime_o in_o mountain_n sometime_o in_o cave_n and_o such_o like_a devious_a place_n and_o sometime_o in_o foreign_a nation_n with_o this_o resolution_n to_o decline_v all_o occasion_n of_o annoy_v his_o own_o countryman_n a_o fact_n parallel_n to_o this_o of_o david_n we_o may_v read_v of_o in_o the_o maccabee_n maccabee_n the_o maccabee_n for_o whereas_o some_o seek_v to_o defend_v the_o war_n of_o the_o maccabee_n upon_o this_o ground_n that_o antiochus_n be_v not_o a_o king_n but_o a_o usurper_n this_o i_o account_v but_o frivolous_a for_o in_o the_o whole_a story_n of_o the_o maccabee_n we_o shall_v never_o find_v antiochus_n mention_v by_o any_o of_o their_o own_o party_n by_o any_o other_o title_n than_o by_o that_o of_o king_n and_z deserve_o for_o the_o hebrew_n have_v long_o before_o submit_v to_o the_o macedonian_a empire_n in_o who_o right_a antiochus_n succeed_v and_o whereas_o the_o hebrew_n law_n forbid_v a_o stranger_n to_o be_v set_v over_o they_o this_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v by_o a_o voluntary_a election_n and_o not_o by_o a_o involuntary_a compulsion_n through_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o time_n and_o whereas_o other_o say_v that_o the_o maccabee_n do_v act_n by_o the_o people_n right_a to_o who_o belong_v the_o right_n of_o govern_v themselves_o by_o their_o own_o law_n neither_o be_v this_o probable_a for_o the_o jew_n be_v first_o conquer_v by_o nebuchadonosor_n be_v by_o the_o right_n of_o war_n subject_a unto_o he_o and_o afterward_o become_v by_o the_o same_o law_n subject_a to_o the_o mede_n and_o persian_n as_o successor_n to_o the_o chaldean_n who_o whole_a empire_n do_v at_o length_n devolve_v upon_o the_o macedonian_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o jew_n in_o tacitus_n be_v term_v the_o most_o servile_a of_o all_o the_o eastern_a nation_n neither_o do_v they_o require_v any_o covenant_n or_o condition_n from_o alexander_n or_o his_o successor_n but_o yield_v themselves_o free_o without_o any_o limitation_n or_o exception_n nation_n the_o jew_n a_o conquer_a nation_n as_o before_o they_o have_v do_v unto_o darius_n and_o though_o they_o be_v permit_v sometime_o to_o use_v their_o own_o rite_n and_o public_o to_o exercise_v their_o own_o law_n yet_o be_v not_o this_o due_a unto_o they_o by_o any_o law_n that_o be_v add_v unto_o the_o empire_n but_o only_o by_o a_o precarious_a right_n that_o be_v indulge_v unto_o they_o by_o the_o favour_n of_o their_o king_n there_o be_v nothing_o then_o that_o can_v justify_v the_o maccabee_n in_o their_o take_n of_o arm_n but_o that_o invincible_a law_n of_o extreme_a necessity_n which_o may_v do_v it_o so_o long_o as_o they_o contain_v themselves_o within_o the_o bound_n of_o self-preservation_n and_o in_o imitation_n of_o david_n betake_v themselves_o to_o secret_a place_n in_o order_n to_o their_o own_o security_n never_o offer_v to_o make_v use_n of_o their_o arm_n unless_o violent_o assault_v 26.9_o the_o king_n person_n to_o be_v spare_v in_o the_o defence_n of_o ourselves_o 1_o sam._n 26.9_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n great_a care_n be_v to_o be_v take_v that_o even_o when_o we_o be_v thus_o enforce_v to_o defend_v ourselves_o in_o case_n of_o certain_a and_o extreme_a danger_n we_o spare_v the_o person_n of_o the_o king_n for_o they_o that_o conceive_v the_o carriage_n of_o david_n towards_o saul_n to_o proceed_v not_o so_o much_o from_o the_o necessity_n of_o duty_n as_o out_o of_o some_o deep_a consideration_n be_v mistake_v for_o david_n himself_o declare_v that_o no_o man_n can_v be_v innocent_a that_o stretch_v forth_o his_o hand_n against_o the_o lord_n anoint_v because_o he_o very_o well_o know_v that_o it_o be_v write_v in_o the_o law_n 22.28_o exod._n 22.28_o thou_o shall_v not_o revile_v the_o god_n that_o be_v the_o supreme_a judge_n thou_o shall_v not_o curse_v the_o ruler_n of_o thy_o people_n in_o which_o law_n special_a mention_n be_v make_v of_o the_o supreme_a power_n it_o evident_o show_v that_o some_o special_a duty_n towards_o they_o be_v require_v of_o we_o wherefore_o optatus_n milevitanus_fw-la speak_v of_o this_o fact_n of_o david_n 2._o lib._n 2._o say_v that_o god_n special_a command_n come_v fresh_a into_o his_o memory_n do_v so_o restrain_v he_o that_o he_o can_v not_o hurt_v saul_n though_o his_o mortal_a enemy_n wherefore_o he_o bring_v in_o david_n thus_o reason_v with_o himself_o volebam_fw-la hostem_fw-la vincere_fw-la sed_fw-la prius_fw-la est_fw-la divina_fw-la praecepta_fw-la observare_fw-la willing_o i_o will_v overcome_v my_o enemy_n but_o i_o dare_v not_o transgress_v the_o command_n of_o god_n and_o josephus_n speak_v of_o david_n after_o he_o have_v cut_v off_o saul_n garment_n say_v that_o his_o heart_n smite_v he_o so_o that_o he_o confess_v injustum_fw-la facinus_fw-la erat_fw-la regem_fw-la suum_fw-la occidere_fw-la it_o be_v a_o wicked_a act_n to_o kill_v his_o sovereign_n and_o present_o after_o horrendum_fw-la regem_fw-la quamvis_fw-la malum_fw-la occidere_fw-la poenam_fw-la enim_fw-la id_fw-la facienti_fw-la imminere_fw-la constat_fw-la ab_fw-la eo_fw-la qui_fw-la regem_fw-la dedit_fw-la it_o be_v a_o horrid_a act_n to_o kill_v a_o
king_n though_o wicked_a for_o certain_o he_o by_o who_o providence_n all_o king_n reign_n will_v pursue_v the_o regicide_n with_o vengeance_n inevitable_o to_o reproach_v any_o private_a man_n false_o be_v forbid_v by_o the_o law_n but_o of_o a_o king_n wicked_a king_n must_v not_o be_v revile_v much_o less_o kill_v though_o wicked_a we_o must_v not_o speak_v evil_a though_o he_o deserve_v it_o because_o as_o he_o that_o write_v the_o problem_n father_v upon_o aristotle_n say_v he_o that_o speak_v evil_a of_o the_o governor_n scandalize_v the_o whole_a city_n so_o joab_n conclude_v concern_v shimei_n as_o josephus_n testify_v shall_v thou_o not_o die_v who_o presume_v to_o curse_v he_o who_o god_n have_v place_v in_o the_o throne_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o law_n say_v julian_n be_v very_o severe_a on_o the_o behalf_n of_o prince_n for_o he_o that_o be_v injurious_a unto_o they_o do_v wilful_o trample_v upon_o the_o law_n themselves_o misopogoris_fw-la misopogoris_fw-la now_o if_o we_o must_v not_o speak_v evil_a of_o king_n much_o less_o must_v we_o do_v evil_a against_o they_o david_n repent_v but_o for_o offer_v violence_n to_o saul_n garment_n so_o great_a be_v the_o reverence_n that_o he_o bear_v to_o his_o person_n and_o deserve_o for_o since_o their_o sovereign_a power_n can_v but_o expose_v they_o to_o the_o general_a hatred_n therefore_o it_o be_v fit_a that_o their_o security_n shall_v especial_o be_v provide_v for_o this_o say_v quintilian_n be_v the_o fate_n of_o such_o as_o sit_v at_o the_o stern_a of_o government_n that_o they_o can_v discharge_v their_o duty_n faithful_o nor_o provide_v for_o the_o public_a safety_n without_o the_o envy_n of_o many_o king_n the_o law_n be_v severe_a in_o the_o defence_n of_o king_n and_o for_o this_o cause_n be_v the_o person_n of_o king_n guard_v with_o such_o severe_a law_n which_o seem_v like_o draco_n to_o be_v write_v in_o blood_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o those_o enact_v by_o the_o roman_n for_o the_o security_n of_o their_o tribune_n whereby_o their_o person_n become_v inviolable_a among_o other_o wise_a say_n of_o the_o esseni_n this_o be_v one_o that_o the_o person_n of_o king_n shall_v be_v hold_v as_o sacred_a and_o that_o of_o homer_n be_v as_o notable_a his_o chief_a care_n be_v for_o the_o king_n that_o nothing_o shall_v endanger_v he_o and_o no_o marvel_n for_o as_o st._n chrysostom_n well_o observe_v if_o any_o man_n kill_v a_o sheep_n why_o 1_o tim._n 1._o and_o why_o he_o but_o lessen_v the_o number_n of_o they_o but_o if_o he_o kill_v the_o shepherd_n he_o dissipate_v the_o whole_a flock_n the_o very_a name_n of_o a_o king_n as_o curtius_n tell_v we_o among_o such_o nation_n as_o be_v govern_v by_o king_n be_v as_o venerable_a as_o that_o of_o god_n so_o artabanus_n the_o persian_a them_o plut._n them_o among_o many_o and_o those_o most_o excellent_a law_n we_o have_v this_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o best_a which_o command_v we_o to_o adore_v our_o king_n as_o the_o very_a image_n of_o god_n who_o be_v the_o saviour_n of_o all_o and_o therefore_o as_o plutarch_n speak_v nec_fw-la fas_fw-la nec_fw-la licitum_fw-la est_fw-la regis_fw-la corpori_fw-la manus_fw-la infer_v it_o be_v not_o permit_v by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n or_o man_n to_o offer_v violence_n to_o the_o person_n of_o a_o king_n but_o as_o the_o same_o plutarch_n in_o another_o place_n tell_v we_o the_o principal_a part_n of_o valour_n be_v to_o save_v he_o that_o save_v all_o if_o the_o eye_n observe_v a_o blow_n threaten_v the_o head_n the_o hand_n be_v instruct_v by_o nature_n interpose_v itself_o as_o prefer_v the_o safety_n of_o the_o head_n whereupon_o all_o the_o other_o member_n depend_v before_o their_o own_o wherefore_o as_o cassiodore_n note_n pater_fw-la de_fw-fr pater_fw-la he_o that_o with_o the_o loss_n of_o his_o own_o life_n redeem_v the_o life_n of_o his_o prince_n do_v well_o own_o we_o be_v to_o prefer_v his_o life_n before_o our_o own_o if_o in_o so_o do_v he_o propose_v to_o himself_o the_o free_n of_o his_o own_o soul_n rather_o than_o that_o of_o another_o man_n body_n for_o as_o conscience_n teach_v he_o to_o express_v his_o fidelity_n to_o his_o sovereign_n so_o do_v right_a reason_n instruct_v he_o to_o prefer_v the_o life_n of_o his_o prince_n before_o the_o safety_n of_o his_o own_o body_n but_o here_o a_o more_o difficult_a question_n arise_v as_o namely_o whether_o what_o be_v lawful_a for_o david_n and_o the_o maccabee_n nothing_o whether_o david_n example_n and_o the_o maccabee_n be_v sufficient_a to_o justify_v christian_n in_o like_a case_n 1_o pet._n 4.12_o 13_o 14_o 15_o 16._o christ_n advice_n be_v to_o flee_v where_o the_o duty_n of_o our_o call_n will_v permit_v but_o beyond_o that_o nothing_o be_v likewise_o lawful_a for_o we_o christian_n or_o whether_o christ_n who_o so_o often_o enjoin_v we_o to_o take_v up_o our_o cross_n do_v not_o require_v from_o we_o a_o great_a measure_n of_o patience_n sure_o where_o our_o superior_n threaten_v we_o with_o death_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o religion_n our_o saviour_n advise_v such_o as_o be_v not_o oblige_v by_o the_o necessary_a duty_n of_o their_o calling_n to_o reside_v in_o any_o one_o place_n to_o flee_v but_o beyond_o this_o nothing_o st._n peter_n tell_v we_o that_o christ_n in_o suffer_v leave_v we_o a_o ensample_n who_o though_o he_o know_v no_o sin_n nor_o have_v any_o guile_n find_v in_o his_o mouth_n yet_o be_v revile_v he_o revile_v not_o again_o when_o he_o suffer_v he_o threaten_v not_o but_o remit_v his_o cause_n to_o he_o that_o judge_v righteous_o nay_o he_o advise_v we_o to_o give_v thanks_o unto_o god_n and_o to_o rejoice_v when_o we_o suffer_v persecution_n for_o our_o religion_n and_o we_o may_v read_v how_o mighty_o christian_n religion_n have_v grow_v and_o be_v advance_v by_o this_o admirable_a gift_n of_o patience_n wherefore_o how_o injurious_a to_o those_o ancient_a christian_n who_o live_v in_o or_o near_o the_o time_n of_o either_o the_o apostle_n themselves_o or_o man_n true_o apostolical_a must_v needs_o be_v well_o instruct_v in_o their_o discipline_n and_o consequent_o walk_v more_o exact_o according_a to_o their_o rule_n yet_o suffer_v death_n for_o their_o faith_n how_o injurious_a i_o say_v to_o these_o man_n be_v they_o who_o hold_v that_o they_o want_v not_o a_o will_v to_o resist_v but_o rather_o a_o power_n to_o defend_v themselves_o at_o the_o approach_n of_o death_n sure_o tertullian_n have_v never_o be_v so_o imprudent_a nay_o impudent_a as_o so_o confident_o to_o have_v affirm_v such_o a_o untruth_n tertullian_n so_o tertullian_n whereof_o he_o know_v the_o emperor_n can_v not_o be_v ignorant_a when_o he_o write_v thus_o unto_o he_o if_o we_o have_v a_o will_n to_o take_v our_o private_a revenge_n or_o to_o act_v as_o public_a enemy_n can_v we_o want_v either_o number_n of_o man_n or_o store_v of_o warlike_a provision_n be_v the_o moor_n german_n parthian_n or_o the_o people_n of_o any_o one_o nation_n more_o than_o those_o of_o the_o whole_a world_n we_o though_o stranger_n yet_o do_v fill_v all_o place_n in_o your_o dominion_n your_o city_n island_n castle_n fort_n assembly_n your_o very_a camp_n tribe_n court_n palace_n senate_n only_o your_o temple_n we_o leave_v to_o yourselves_o for_o what_o war_n have_v not_o we_o always_o declare_v ourselves_o fit_a and_o ready_a though_o in_o number_n of_o man_n we_o have_v sometime_o be_v very_o unequal_a how_o come_v it_o then_o to_o pass_v that_o we_o suffer_v death_n so_o meek_o so_o patient_o but_o that_o we_o be_v instruct_v by_o our_o religion_n that_o it_o be_v much_o better_a to_o be_v kill_v than_o to_o kill_v cyprian_a also_o tread_v in_o his_o master_n step_n open_o declare_v that_o it_o be_v from_o the_o principle_n of_o their_o religion_n that_o christian_n be_v apprehend_v make_v no_o resistance_n nor_o attempt_v any_o revenge_n for_o injury_n unjust_o do_v they_o though_o they_o want_v neither_o number_n of_o man_n nor_o other_o mean_n to_o have_v resist_v but_o it_o be_v their_o confidence_n of_o some_o divine_a vengeance_n that_o will_v fall_v upon_o their_o persecutor_n that_o make_v they_o thus_o patient_a 5._o lib._n 5._o and_o that_o persuade_v the_o innocent_a to_o give_v way_n to_o the_o nocent_a so_o lactantius_n we_o be_v willing_a to_o confide_v in_o the_o majesty_n of_o god_n who_o be_v able_a as_o well_o to_o revenge_v the_o contempt_n do_v to_o himself_o as_o the_o injury_n and_o hardship_n do_v unto_o we_o wherefore_o though_o our_o suffering_n be_v such_o as_o can_v be_v express_v yet_o do_v we_o not_o mutter_v a_o word_n of_o discontent_n but_o refer_v ourselves_o whole_o to_o he_o who_o judge_v righteous_o joshua_n lib._n 6._o qu._n 10._o in_o joshua_n and_o to_o the_o same_o tune_n sing_v st._n augustin_n when_o prince_n err_v they_o
commonwealth_n may_v not_o only_o be_v by_o force_n resist_v but_o if_o it_o be_v necessary_a may_v be_v punish_v with_o death_n as_o it_o befall_v pausanias_n king_n of_o the_o lacedaemonian_n of_o who_o plutarch_n thus_o the_o spartan_n take_v to_o heart_n the_o death_n of_o lysander_n sentence_v their_o king_n to_o death_n lysand_n plut._n vit_fw-mi lysand_n because_o leave_v lysander_n out_o of_o cowardice_n who_o he_o be_v send_v to_o relieve_v he_o have_v flee_v for_o safety_n to_o tegra_n the_o like_a he_o record_v in_o the_o life_n of_o sylla_n the_o spartan_n say_v he_o depose_v some_o of_o their_o king_n as_o be_v unfit_a for_o government_n because_o they_o be_v of_o low_a and_o abject_a spirit_n yea_o and_o of_o agis_n he_o report_v that_o be_v their_o king_n yet_o be_v condemn_v though_o unjust_o now_o see_v that_o there_o be_v in_o italy_n diverse_a such_o kingdom_n it_o be_v no_o marvel_n that_o virgil_n have_v first_o record_v those_o many_o wicked_a act_n do_v by_o mezentius_n add_v the_o hetrur'ans_n therefore_o all_o in_o a_o just_a rage_n to_o bring_v their_o king_n to_o judgement_n do_v engage_v of_o who_o a_o old_a hetrurian_a soothsayer_n speak_v thus_o who_o their_o just_a woe_n arm_n as_o against_o a_o foe_n ix_o or_o against_o king_n that_o have_v renounce_v his_o kingdom_n second_o if_o a_o king_n or_o any_o other_o shall_v renounce_v his_o empire_n or_o manifest_o forsake_v it_o against_o such_o a_o prince_n or_o king_n after_o that_o time_n any_o thing_n be_v lawful_a that_o may_v be_v do_v to_o a_o private_a man_n but_o this_o than_o we_o must_v observe_v that_o he_o that_o be_v careless_a and_o negligent_a only_o in_o his_o government_n can_v thereby_o only_o be_v judge_v to_o have_v forsake_v it_o x._o or_o against_o a_o king_n that_o will_v alienate_v his_o kingdom_n three_o it_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o barkley_n that_o if_o a_o king_n will_v alienate_v his_o kingdom_n or_o subject_v it_o to_o another_o he_o lose_v it_o but_o here_o i_o make_v a_o stand_n for_o if_o the_o kingdom_n be_v elective_a or_o descend_v by_o succession_n such_o a_o act_n of_o alienation_n be_v in_o itself_o null_a and_o whatsoever_o be_v in_o itself_o straight_n can_v have_v no_o effect_n of_o a_o just_a right_n wherefore_o as_o also_o of_o that_o kingdom_n that_o be_v bare_o usufructuary_n whereunto_o i_o have_v liken_v such_o a_o king_n the_o opinion_n of_o the_o civilian_n be_v to_o i_o more_o probable_a that_o in_o yield_v up_o his_o kingdom_n to_o a_o stranger_n he_o confer_v nothing_o and_o whereas_o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o fruit_n and_o profit_n revert_v to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o propriety_n it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v after_o such_o a_o time_n as_o be_v prefix_v by_o the_o law_n yet_o notwithstanding_o if_o a_o king_n shall_v real_o endeavour_v to_o deliver_v up_o or_o subject_a his_o kingdom_n to_o another_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o that_o in_o this_o case_n he_o may_v be_v resist_v for_o empire_n be_v one_o thing_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o hold_v that_o empire_n another_o the_o alteration_n whereof_o the_o people_n may_v hinder_v for_o that_o be_v not_o comprehend_v under_o the_o notion_n of_o empire_n whereunto_o may_v that_o of_o seneca_n be_v not_o unfit_o apply_v although_o our_o father_n be_v in_o all_o thing_n to_o be_v obey_v yet_o not_o in_o those_o thing_n wherein_o he_o cease_v to_o be_v a_o father_n xi_o or_o a_o king_n that_o invade_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o people_n in_o a_o hostile_a way_n four_o as_o the_o same_o barkley_n observe_v if_o a_o king_n shall_v endeavour_v with_o a_o mind_n true_o hostile_a the_o destruction_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o nation_n over_o which_o he_o be_v set_v to_o govern_v he_o lose_v his_o kingdom_n and_o may_v be_v resist_v which_o i_o grant_v for_o the_o end_n of_o all_o government_n be_v for_o mutual_a conservation_n he_o that_o wilful_o resolve_v to_o destroy_v can_v have_v no_o right_n to_o govern._n wherefore_o he_o that_o open_o either_o in_o word_n or_o deed_n profess_v himself_o a_o enemy_n to_o the_o whole_a nation_n be_v in_o that_o very_a act_n presume_v to_o abjure_v and_o renounce_v the_o government_n of_o it_o when_o scylla_n have_v depopulate_v not_o rome_n only_o but_o almost_o all_o italy_n one_o serious_o advise_v he_o that_o it_o be_v fit_a to_o spare_v some_o that_o he_o may_v have_v some_o to_o govern_v ut_fw-la essent_fw-la quibus_fw-la imperassent_v but_o this_o case_n can_v hardly_o be_v find_v in_o any_o king_n that_o be_v of_o sound_a mind_n and_o that_o govern_v one_o only_a nation_n but_o in_o case_n he_o govern_v more_o than_o one_o it_o may_v so_o happen_v that_o in_o favour_n to_o one_o he_o may_v endeavour_v to_o destroy_v the_o other_o that_o so_o he_o may_v plant_v it_o with_o new_a colony_n grac._n plut._n vit_fw-mi lib._n grac._n gracchus_n his_o argument_n be_v very_o ingenious_a whereby_o he_o prove_v that_o a_o tribune_n of_o the_o people_n be_v therefore_o account_v sacred_a and_o inviolable_a because_o he_o be_v consecrate_v by_o the_o people_n to_o defend_v they_o in_o case_n he_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o oppress_v they_o to_o diminish_v their_o power_n and_o to_o take_v from_o they_o their_o right_n of_o suffrage_n do_v thereby_o actual_o degrade_v himself_o in_o not_o perform_v that_o for_o which_o that_o honour_n be_v confer_v on_o he_o for_o to_o admit_v say_v gracchus_n that_o the_o tribune_n of_o the_o people_n may_v in_o some_o case_n imprison_v their_o consul_n and_o yet_o to_o deny_v that_o the_o people_n have_v a_o power_n to_o take_v away_o the_o tribunitial_a power_n from_o he_o that_o abuse_v it_o even_o against_o those_o from_o who_o he_o receive_v it_o see_v that_o both_o the_o consul_n and_o the_o tribune_n be_v by_o the_o people_n create_v will_v be_v very_o absurd_a the_o like_a we_o find_v assert_v by_o johannes_n major_a namely_o that_o a_o people_n can_v abdicate_v their_o power_n of_o desert_v their_o prince_n in_o such_o case_n as_o tend_v to_o their_o manifest_a destruction_n both_o which_o may_v be_v very_o well_o expound_v by_o what_o have_v be_v herein_o already_o deliver_v xii_o and_o against_o he_o who_o break_v the_o condition_n upon_o which_o he_o be_v admit_v five_o in_o case_n a_o kingdom_n be_v confiscate_v either_o by_o felony_n commit_v against_o he_o who_o the_o fief_n be_v or_o by_o any_o clause_n or_o condition_n express_o make_v and_o agree_v on_o at_o his_o admission_n to_o the_o kingdom_n as_o in_o case_n the_o king_n shall_v do_v this_o or_o that_o his_o subject_n shall_v then_o stand_v absolve_v from_o all_o obligation_n of_o duty_n and_o obedience_n unto_o he_o arragon_n he_o vid._n marian._n de_fw-fr regno_fw-la arragon_n in_o this_o case_n also_o a_o king_n may_v recede_v into_o the_o condition_n of_o a_o private_a person_n xiii_o and_o against_o he_o who_o haulng_v but_o one_o part_n of_o the_o sovereign_a power_n invade_v the_o other_o six_o if_o a_o king_n have_v but_o one_o part_n of_o the_o sovereign_a power_n and_o the_o senate_n or_o people_n the_o other_o if_o such_o a_o king_n shall_v invade_v that_o part_n which_o be_v not_o his_o own_o he_o may_v just_o be_v by_o force_n resist_v because_o in_o that_o part_n he_o have_v not_o the_o sovereign_a power_n which_o i_o believe_v may_v take_v place_n although_o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o power_n of_o make_v war_n be_v in_o the_o king_n for_o this_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o a_o foreign_a war_n since_o otherwise_o whosoever_o have_v any_o part_n of_o the_o supreme_a power_n can_v be_v deny_v a_o right_a to_o defend_v his_o own_o even_o by_o force_n which_o when_o it_o happen_v even_o the_o king_n himself_o may_v just_o by_o the_o right_n of_o war_n lose_v even_o his_o own_o part_n of_o the_o say_a empire_n fourteen_o and_o against_o he_o who_o grant_v such_o a_o licence_n in_o certain_a case_n seven_o if_o in_o the_o translation_n of_o the_o empire_n it_o be_v express_o say_v that_o upon_o some_o certain_a event_n that_o may_v happen_v it_o may_v be_v lawful_a to_o make_v resistance_n for_o although_o it_o can_v not_o then_o be_v conceive_v that_o by_o that_o agreement_n any_o part_n of_o the_o sovereign_a power_n be_v intend_v to_o have_v be_v retain_v yet_o certain_o it_o may_v be_v conceive_v that_o some_o kind_n of_o natural_a liberty_n be_v thereby_o understand_v to_o have_v be_v reserve_v to_o the_o people_n and_o exempt_v from_o the_o power_n of_o the_o king_n hâ—ngaria_n king_n thuan._n l._n 131._o in_o anno_fw-la 1604._o id._n l._n 133._o a_o 1605._o de_fw-fr hâ—ngaria_n for_o possible_a it_o be_v for_o he_o that_o alienates_v his_o own_o right_n to_o diminish_v and_o decurt_v the_o right_n that_o he_o give_v by_o certain_a clause_n or_o article_n of_o agreement_n whereof_o we_o may_v find_v
in_o history_n many_o example_n â—_o example_n meierum_fw-la in_o anno_fw-la 1339._o de_fw-la flandr_n &_o brab_n &_o â—_o xv._o a_o usurper_n how_o far_o to_o be_v obey_v the_o act_n of_o a_o usurper_n bind_v and_o why_o we_o have_v hitherto_o treat_v of_o he_o who_o have_v or_o have_v a_o right_a to_o govern_v now_o something_o we_o must_v say_v of_o he_o that_o invade_v or_o usurp_v the_o government_n not_o after_o he_o have_v either_o by_o long_a possession_n or_o by_o consent_n or_o agreement_n obtain_v a_o right_n unto_o it_o but_o so_o long_o as_o the_o cause_n of_o his_o unjust_a acquisition_n continue_v and_o certain_o during_o the_o time_n that_o he_o possess_v the_o empire_n his_o act_n may_v have_v power_n to_o bind_v but_o yet_o not_o as_o they_o be_v his_o for_o right_o to_o command_v he_o have_v none_o but_o upon_o this_o presumption_n that_o he_o who_o of_o right_o shall_v govern_v whether_o king_n people_n or_o senate_n have_v rather_o that_o his_o law_n for_o that_o time_n shall_v be_v bind_v than_o that_o the_o people_n shall_v live_v altogether_o without_o law_n and_o without_o judgement_n which_o must_v necessary_o introduce_v the_o great_a disorder_n and_o confusion_n cicero_n condemn_v sylla_n law_n as_o too_o cruel_a against_o the_o child_n of_o those_o that_o be_v proscribe_v in_o make_v they_o uncapable_a of_o sue_v for_o honour_n yet_o he_o think_v fit_a that_o those_o law_n shall_v be_v observe_v affirm_v as_o quintilian_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o state_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v so_o contain_v in_o those_o law_n that_o if_o they_o be_v not_o keep_v the_o commonwealth_n at_o that_o time_n can_v not_o have_v subsist_v florus_n also_o concern_v the_o act_n of_o the_o same_o sylla_n say_v thus_o lepidus_n go_v about_o to_o rescind_v the_o act_n of_o this_o so_o great_a a_o man_n and_o indeed_o not_o without_o cause_n if_o at_o least_o he_o can_v have_v do_v it_o without_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o by_o and_o by_o it_o be_v expedient_a for_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v then_o sick_a and_o wound_a to_o be_v govern_v by_o any_o law_n whatsoever_o rather_o than_o to_o fret_v and_o scarrifie_v her_o wound_n by_o attempt_v a_o untimely_a cure_n yet_o notwithstanding_o at_o such_o time_n and_o in_o such_o case_n wherein_o our_o obedience_n be_v not_o so_o exquisite_o necessary_a and_o yet_o may_v help_v to_o confirm_v the_o usurper_n in_o his_o unjust_a possession_n if_o by_o our_o disobedience_n we_o incur_v no_o great_a danger_n we_o must_v not_o obey_v but_o whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o the_o people_n by_o force_n of_o arm_n to_o deject_v he_o that_o shall_v thus_o usurp_v the_o sovereign_a power_n or_o to_o kill_v he_o be_v disputable_a xvi_o a_o usurper_n may_v be_v kill_v during_o the_o war_n if_o no_o contract_n be_v make_v with_o he_o and_o in_o the_o first_o place_n if_o he_o that_o usurp_v another_o man_n dominion_n have_v not_o gain_v it_o by_o a_o just_a war_n that_o be_v by_o such_o a_o war_n as_o have_v all_o the_o right_n require_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n nor_o by_o any_o contract_n or_o agreement_n make_v with_o he_o or_o faith_n give_v to_o he_o but_o that_o he_o hold_v his_o possession_n by_o force_n only_o the_o right_n of_o war_n seem_v in_o this_o case_n to_o continue_v continue_v by_o the_o right_n of_o the_o war_n continue_v and_o therefore_o what_o may_v lawful_o be_v do_v against_o a_o enemy_n may_v lawful_o be_v do_v against_o he_o who_o any_o private_a man_n that_o have_v not_o give_v his_o faith_n to_o he_o may_v lawful_o kill_v in_o reos_fw-la majestatis_fw-la &_o publicos_fw-la host_n omnis_fw-la homo_fw-la mile_n est_fw-la against_o traitor_n and_o public_a enemy_n every_o private_a man_n say_v tertullian_n be_v a_o soldier_n so_o against_o such_o as_o desert_v their_o colour_n in_o the_o time_n of_o war_n apolog._n tertul._n apolog._n it_o be_v indulge_v unto_o every_o man_n to_o take_v public_a revenge_n in_o order_n to_o the_o common_a safety_n xvii_o or_o by_o virtue_n of_o some_o antecedent_n law_n the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v if_o before_o such_o a_o invasion_n there_o be_v extant_a any_o such_o law_n authorise_v any_o private_a man_n to_o kill_v he_o who_o dare_v in_o his_o presence_n commit_v such_o or_o such_o a_o fact_n as_o for_o example_n if_o be_v but_o a_o private_a man_n he_o shall_v go_v with_o a_o guard_n about_o he_o or_o if_o he_o shall_v attempt_v a_o fort_n or_o kill_v a_o citizen_n uncondemned_a or_o illegal_o condemn_v or_o if_o any_o man_n shall_v presume_v to_o create_v a_o magistrate_n without_o just_a suffrage_n many_o such_o law_n we_o may_v read_v of_o to_o have_v be_v in_o force_n among_o the_o city_n of_o greece_n with_o who_o it_o be_v also_o think_v lawful_a to_o kill_v such_o tyrant_n such_o be_v that_o law_n of_o solon_n in_o athens_n renew_v after_o his_o return_n from_o piraeeus_n against_o such_o as_o have_v abolish_v popular_a government_n or_o that_o after_o such_o abolition_n have_v bear_v any_o office_n the_o like_a law_n there_o be_v also_o in_o rome_n call_v the_o valerian_n law_n against_o any_o man_n that_o shall_v assume_v the_o office_n of_o a_o magistrate_n without_o the_o people_n consent_n make_v it_o lawful_a for_o any_o man_n to_o kill_v such_o a_o man_n uncondemned_a public_a plut._n public_a as_o plutarch_n relate_v where_o he_o thus_o distinguish_v solon_n law_n from_o that_o of_o publicola_n solon_n will_v have_v such_o a_o man_n legal_o convict_v but_o publicola_n permit_v any_o man_n to_o kill_v he_o that_o usurp_v the_o office_n of_o a_o magistrate_n without_o any_o formal_a process_n and_o such_o be_v the_o consular_a law_n immediate_o after_o the_o decemviral_n government_n that_o no_o man_n shall_v dare_v to_o create_v a_o magistrate_n without_o a_o appeal_n and_o he_o that_o create_v such_o may_v by_o the_o law_n both_o of_o god_n and_o man_n be_v kill_v xviii_o by_o his_o commission_n who_o have_v right_o to_o the_o empire_n no_o less_o lawful_a it_o be_v for_o he_o to_o kill_v a_o usurper_n that_o have_v a_o express_a warrant_n so_o to_o do_v from_o he_o to_o who_o the_o just_a right_n of_o government_n belong_v whether_o it_o be_v in_o the_o king_n the_o people_n or_o the_o senate_n among_o who_o likewise_o we_o may_v place_v the_o protector_n or_o guardian_n of_o king_n during_o their_o nonage_n such_o as_o be_v jehojada_n to_o king_n joas_n at_o who_o command_n athalia_fw-la be_v deprive_v at_o once_o both_o of_o her_o life_n and_o kingdom_n 2_o chron._n 23._o xix_o why_o a_o usurper_n may_v not_o be_v kill_v but_o in_o one_o of_o these_o case_n now_o unless_o it_o be_v in_o one_o of_o these_o case_n i_o can_v perceive_v how_o it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a for_o any_o private_a man_n by_o force_n either_o to_o deject_v or_o to_o destroy_v he_o that_o usurp_v the_o imperial_a dignity_n because_o possible_a it_o be_v that_o he_o who_o have_v the_o true_a right_o have_v rather_o prefer_v the_o peace_n and_o tranquillity_n of_o his_o subject_n though_o under_o the_o usurper_n power_n than_o embroil_n his_o country_n in_o blood_n or_o to_o vex_v his_o subject_n with_o civil_a war_n which_o be_v the_o sad_a and_o bloody_a effect_n and_o consequence_n that_o attend_v the_o murder_n or_o expulsion_n of_o king_n especial_o if_o his_o quarrel_n be_v espouse_v by_o either_o a_o strong_a faction_n at_o home_n or_o powerful_a friend_n abroad_o or_o because_o it_o be_v at_o least_o doubtful_a whether_o that_o king_n people_z or_o senate_n in_o who_o the_o right_a of_o empire_n be_v be_v willing_a that_o the_o matter_n shall_v be_v bring_v to_o so_o desperate_a a_o issue_n and_o without_o the_o precise_a knowledge_n of_o this_o all_o violence_n of_o this_o kind_n be_v unjust_a it_o be_v very_o true_a what_o favonius_n in_o plutarch_n observe_v pejus_fw-la est_fw-la bellum_fw-la civil_a dominatu_fw-la illegitimo_fw-la bruti_fw-la vita_fw-la bruti_fw-la a_o intestine_a war_n be_v more_o destructive_a than_o any_o tyranny_n for_o though_o the_o rage_n of_o incense_a tyrant_n may_v produce_v more_o tragical_a effect_n upon_o some_o particular_a family_n ☜_o ☜_o yet_o the_o deluge_n of_o a_o civil_a war_n spread_v far_a continue_v long_a and_o leave_v more_o dreadful_a print_n behind_o it_o than_o any_o tyranny_n give_v i_o any_o peace_n say_v cicero_n rather_o than_o a_o civil_a war._n titus_n quintus_fw-la tell_v the_o lacedaemonian_n 34._o liv._o 34._o that_o it_o will_v be_v much_o better_a for_o they_o to_o bear_v with_o the_o tyranny_n of_o nabis_n than_o by_o endeavour_v by_o arm_n to_o recover_v their_o lose_a liberty_n to_o make_v the_o tyrant_n grave_a in_o the_o ruin_n of_o their_o city_n and_o to_o this_o purpose_n be_v that_o prudent_a advice_n of_o aristophanes_n leo_n in_o civitate_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la alendus_fw-la
instant_o canonize_v for_o virtue_n and_o valour_n it_o be_v true_a indeed_o that_o war_n be_v undertake_v by_o public_a authority_n like_o the_o definitive_a sentence_n of_o a_o judge_n have_v some_o effect_n of_o râ—ght_n whereof_o more_o anon_o but_o yet_o be_v they_o not_o altogether_o blameless_a unless_o there_o be_v a_o just_a cause_n to_o warrant_v it_o thus_o be_v alexander_n for_o invade_v the_o persian_n and_o other_o nation_n without_o cause_n give_v deserve_o censure_v by_o the_o scythian_n in_o curtius_n and_o elsewhere_o by_o seneca_n for_o a_o robber_n and_o by_o lucan_n for_o a_o thief_n by_o the_o wise_a man_n of_o india_n as_o a_o scourge_n to_o all_o nation_n and_o the_o common_a pest_n of_o mankind_n and_o before_o that_o by_o a_o pirate_n for_o the_o great_a pirate_n of_o the_o two_o so_o justin_n speak_v of_o his_o father_n philip_n say_v that_o two_o king_n of_o thrace_n be_v thrust_v out_o and_o deprive_v of_o their_o kingdom_n through_o the_o fraud_n and_o villainy_n of_o a_o thief_n whereunto_o we_o may_v likewise_o refer_v that_o of_o st._n augustin_n remotâ_fw-la justitiâ_fw-la quid_fw-la sunt_fw-la regna_fw-la nisi_fw-la magna_fw-la latrocinia_fw-la take_v away_o justice_n and_o what_o be_v kingdom_n but_o great_a robbery_n with_o who_o accord_v that_o of_o lactantius_n inanis_fw-la gloriae_fw-la specie_fw-la capti_fw-la sceleribus_fw-la suis_fw-la virtutis_fw-la nomen_fw-la imponunt_fw-la be_v blind_v with_o self-love_n and_o vain_a glory_n they_o miscall_v all_o their_o vice_n virtue_n nor_o be_v justin_n martyr_n much_o amiss_o when_o he_o say_v what_o thief_n do_v in_o desert_n place_n the_o very_a same_o do_v such_o prince_n who_o prefer_v opinion_n before_o truth_n now_o other_o just_a cause_n of_o make_v war_n there_o can_v be_v none_o but_o injury_n so_o st._n augustin_n the_o wrong_n do_v on_o the_o one_o side_n make_v the_o war_n do_v on_o the_o other_o side_n just_a so_o also_o say_v the_o roman_a herald_n i_o do_v testify_v and_o declare_v that_o such_o a_o people_n be_v unjust_a and_o have_v not_o do_v we_o right_n thereby_o intimate_v that_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n may_v just_o make_v war_n upon_o they_o ii_o war_n make_v 1._o for_o defence_n 2._o for_o redemption_n 3._o for_o punishment_n lawful_a now_o look_v how_o many_o cause_n there_o be_v of_o civil_a action_n so_o many_o there_o be_v of_o a_o just_a war_n for_o vbi_fw-la desinunt_fw-la judicia_fw-la incipit_fw-la bellum_fw-la where_o judgement_n cease_v war_n begin_v now_o at_o the_o law_n suit_n arise_v either_o for_o prevention_n of_o injury_n not_o yet_o do_v as_o when_o caution_n and_o security_n be_v require_v that_o no_o act_n of_o violence_n shall_v be_v offer_v nor_o any_o damage_n do_v we_o or_o for_o injury_n already_o do_v as_o namely_o that_o they_o may_v be_v recompense_v or_o the_o person_n injure_v punish_v but_o as_o to_o that_o which_o come_v under_o the_o notion_n of_o reparation_n it_o refer_v either_o to_o that_o which_o be_v or_o be_v we_o from_o whence_o arise_v vindication_n and_o some_o personal_a action_n or_o to_o something_o that_o be_v owe_v and_o just_o due_a unto_o we_o whether_o by_o some_o contract_n or_o agreement_n or_o for_o some_o hurt_n do_v unto_o we_o or_o by_o the_o law_n whither_o also_o we_o be_v to_o refer_v those_o thing_n which_o be_v say_v to_o arise_v as_o if_o they_o be_v due_a by_o contract_n or_o by_o some_o wrong_n do_v unto_o we_o from_o which_o head_n arise_v the_o other_o condiction_n that_o which_o concern_v fact_n to_o be_v punish_v require_v first_o a_o accusation_n second_o court_n of_o judgement_n most_o man_n assign_v three_o just_a cause_n of_o a_o war_n namely_o for_o defence_n for_o recovery_n of_o what_o be_v we_o and_o for_o punishment_n which_o three_z we_o shall_v find_v sum_v up_o by_o camillus_n in_o his_o denounce_v war_n against_o the_o gaul_n omnia_fw-la quae_fw-la defendi_fw-la repetique_n &_o ulcisci_fw-la fas_fw-la sit_fw-la all_o which_o may_v lawful_o be_v defend_v recover_v and_o revenge_v in_o which_o enumeration_n unless_o we_o take_v the_o word_n recover_v in_o its_o large_a signification_n it_o will_v not_o include_v the_o exact_v of_o that_o which_o be_v due_a unto_o we_o which_o be_v not_o omit_v by_o plato_n when_o he_o say_v that_o war_n may_v be_v just_o make_v not_o only_a when_o a_o man_n be_v oppress_v by_o violence_n or_o when_o he_o be_v pillage_v but_o when_o he_o be_v fraudulent_o deal_v with_o and_o so_o deceive_v of_o what_o be_v his_o due_n wherewith_o accord_v that_o of_o seneca_n aequissima_fw-la vox_fw-la est_fw-la &_o jus_o gentium_fw-la prâ—_n se_fw-la ferens_fw-la red_a quod_fw-la debes_fw-la 4._o 〈◊〉_d hâ—râ—s_n 〈…〉_o 4._o tâ—â—_n be_v a_o righteous_a say_n and_o consonant_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n pay_v what_o thou_o â—â—â—st_n and_o 〈…〉_o a_o clause_n always_o insert_v in_o that_o form_n use_v by_o the_o roman_a herald_n 4._o quas_fw-la â—ec_fw-la 〈…〉_o solverunt_fw-la nec_fw-la fecerunt_fw-la quas_fw-la dari_fw-la fieri_fw-la solvi_fw-la oportune_a that_o they_o neither_o give_v 〈…〉_o what_o they_o ought_v to_o have_v give_v pay_v and_o do_v so_o likewise_o sâ—lust_v in_o his_o history_n 4._o â—â—re_v 〈◊〉_d tium_fw-la res_fw-la repeto_fw-la according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n i_o require_v what_o be_v my_o own_o 〈◊〉_d aâ—_n 〈◊〉_d servius'_v 〈◊〉_d virgil_n aenead_n tell_v we_o that_o when_o the_o king_n of_o the_o herald_n be_v send_v to_o denounce_v war_n 〈…〉_o to_o the_o border_n of_o the_o enemy_n country_n and_o after_o some_o ceremony_n cry_v out_o with_o a_o loud_a voice_n tâ—â—â—_n he_o denounce_v war_n against_o they_o for_o such_o or_o such_o cause_n either_o because_o they_o have_v wrong_v theiâ—_n associate_n or_o because_o they_o have_v not_o restore_v something_o unjust_o take_v away_o or_o that_o they_o have_v not_o deliver_v up_o offender_n to_o be_v punish_v and_o when_o st._n augustin_n say_v jâ—s_n 10_o quest_n upon_o jâ—s_n that_o just_a war_n be_v usual_o thus_o define_v quae_fw-la ulciscuntur_fw-la injurias_fw-la which_o revenge_v injury_n he_o take_v the_o word_n to_o revenge_v in_o its_o general_a signification_n for_o that_o which_o include_v also_o to_o take_v away_o as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o word_n follow_v which_o do_v not_o express_v a_o enumeration_n of_o part_n but_o a_o illustration_n by_o example_n so_o that_o nation_n say_v he_o or_o city_n may_v by_o arm_n be_v assault_v wâ—ich_a shall_v neglect_v either_o to_o punish_v their_o own_o subject_n for_o injury_n by_o they_o donâ—_n or_o to_o r_o store_n that_o wâ—ich_a by_o force_n be_v take_v away_o and_o by_o this_o light_n of_o nature_n it_o be_v defensive_a war_n defensive_a that_o the_o king_n of_o the_o inâ—â—eâ—_n 〈◊〉_d diodorus_n relate_v accuse_v semiramis_n for_o the_o breach_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n for_o â—â—king_a war_n upon_o he_o without_o any_o injury_n at_o all_o do_v she_o for_o as_o josephus_n say_v 17._o aâ—â—_n l._n 17._o they_o that_o 〈…〉_o to_o they_o that_o live_v peaceable_o do_v but_o enforce_v they_o into_o arm_n to_o defeâ—d_v themselves_o 5._o liâ—â—_n l._n 5._o â—â—â—s_n do_v the_o roman_n plead_v with_o the_o senones_n that_o they_o ought_v not_o to_o have_v invade_v they_o iâ—â—â—â—_n no_o wâ—ys_n wrong_v they_o for_o man_n say_v aristotle_n do_v not_o usual_o make_v war_n but_o upon_o thâ—m_n who_o â—â—uâ—â—â—st_v injure_v they_o as_o curtius_n testify_v of_o the_o abian_a scythian_n 2._o lib._n 2._o the_o most_o innocent_a of_o all_o the_o â—â—rbarians_n armis_fw-la abstinebant_fw-la nisi_fw-la lacessiti_fw-la they_o never_o make_v waâ—_n unless_o high_o pâ—oâ—â—â—â—â—_n and_o plutarch_n of_o hercules_n that_o be_v thorough_o provoke_v he_o subdue_v all_o in_o his_o own_o defence_n the_o first_o cause_n then_o of_o a_o just_a war_n be_v injury_n not_o yet_o do_v that_o threaten_v immiâ—â—â—â—_n dâ—â—ger_n to_o our_o person_n or_o our_o estate_n iii_o war_n in_o defence_n of_o ourselves_o lawful_a that_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o we_o to_o destroy_v he_o by_o war_n that_o will_v otherwise_o destroy_v uâ—_n oâ—â—t_o lest_o draw_v we_o into_o imminent_a peril_n of_o our_o life_n have_v already_o be_v prove_v now_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o this_o right_n of_o defend_v ourselves_o do_v principal_o and_o primary_o arise_v not_o from_o the_o malicious_a attempt_n of_o the_o aggressor_n but_o from_o the_o right_a that_o nature_n give_v unto_o every_o creature_n to_o preserve_v itself_o so_o that_o although_o he_o by_o who_o our_o life_n be_v so_o endanger_v be_v without_o blame_n as_o the_o soldier_n in_o do_v but_o his_o duty_n or_o haply_o a_o man_n mistake_v i_o for_o another_o or_o be_v mad_a or_o in_o a_o dream_n as_o we_o have_v read_v of_o some_o to_o who_o it_o have_v thus_o happen_v yet_o shall_v not_o my_o right_n to_o defend_v myself_o be_v thereby_o take_v away_o for_o to_o justify_v i_o it_o suffice_v that_o i_o be_o not_o
kill_v he_o and_o to_o a_o man_n or_o woman_n to_o kill_v he_o that_o shall_v attempt_v to_o ravish_v they_o arb._n aug._n lib._n 1._o de_fw-fr lib._n arb._n or_o after_o the_o rape_n be_v commit_v if_o they_o can_v so_o paulus_n the_o lawyer_n he_o that_o shall_v slay_v a_o thief_n or_o a_o ravisher_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v punish_v for_o by_o a_o public_a and_o heroic_a act_n the_o one_o defend_v his_o life_n the_o other_o her_o chastity_n among_o woman_n that_o have_v thus_o defend_v their_o chastity_n with_o the_o death_n of_o he_o that_o attempt_v it_o heliodorus_n record_v the_o noble_a act_n of_o heraclea_n which_o he_o call_v a_o just_a defence_n of_o her_o honour_n another_o among_o man_n we_o have_v record_v by_o plutarch_n marii_fw-la plut._n vit_fw-mi marii_fw-la of_o one_o trebonius_n who_o slay_v c._n lusius_n a_o tribune_n of_o the_o soldier_n and_o marius_n his_o own_o sister_n son_n for_o attempt_v to_o bugger_v he_o for_o which_o fact_n he_o be_v by_o marius_n honour_v with_o a_o crown_n viii_o yet_o may_v this_o defence_n sometime_o be_v laudable_o omit_v although_o as_o we_o have_v say_v it_o be_v lawful_a to_o kill_v he_o that_o be_v ready_a to_o kill_v i_o yet_o be_v it_o more_o commendable_a to_o choose_v rather_o to_o be_v kill_v than_o to_o kill_v which_o some_o grant_n yet_o so_o that_o it_o be_v with_o this_o limitation_n that_o it_o except_v that_o person_n upon_o who_o the_o safety_n of_o many_o do_v much_o depend_v but_o i_o can_v judge_v it_o safe_a to_o impose_v this_o so_o contrary_a a_o law_n to_o patience_n upon_o all_o those_o who_o life_n be_v beneficial_a unto_o other_o and_o therefore_o i_o think_v it_o more_o convenient_a to_o restrain_v the_o exception_n to_o such_o only_a who_o office_n and_o duty_n it_o be_v to_o defend_v other_o from_o violence_n as_o to_o those_o who_o we_o have_v contract_v with_o as_o our_o guard_n to_o defend_v we_o in_o our_o journey_n either_o by_o sea_n or_o land_n and_o to_o such_o as_o be_v public_a governor_n unto_o who_o that_o of_o lucan_n may_v not_o unfit_o be_v apply_v cum_fw-la tot_fw-la ab_fw-la hac_fw-la anima_fw-la populorum_fw-la vita_fw-la salusque_fw-la pendeat_fw-la &_o tantus_fw-la caput_fw-la hoc_fw-la sibi_fw-la fecerit_fw-la orbis_fw-la saevitia_fw-la est_fw-la voluisse_fw-la mori_fw-la since_o on_o thy_o life_n so_o many_o life_n depend_v and_o waste_v make_v head_n the_o member_n to_o defend_v to_o wish_v to_o die_v be_v madness_n as_o also_o that_o of_o curtius_n whilst_o thou_o unadvised_o expose_v thy_o life_n to_o so_o many_o peril_n 10._o lib._n 10._o thou_o do_v not_o remember_v how_o many_o of_o thy_o subject_n live_v thou_o endangerest_n which_o thou_o ought_v to_o defend_v ix_o our_o defence_n against_o a_o person_n public_o useful_a unlawful_a by_o the_o rule_n of_o charity_n on_o the_o contrary_a it_o may_v so_o fall_v out_o that_o the_o life_n of_o he_o that_o endanger_v we_o be_v so_o beneficial_a to_o other_o that_o he_o can_v without_o sin_n be_v kill_v and_o that_o not_o only_o because_o it_o be_v forbid_v by_o god_n law_n both_o in_o the_o old_a and_o new_a testament_n which_o we_o have_v already_o prove_v where_o we_o show_v that_o the_o person_n of_o a_o king_n be_v sacred_a but_o by_o the_o very_a law_n of_o nature_n for_o the_o right_n of_o nature_n as_o it_o signify_v a_o law_n do_v not_o only_o respect_v those_o thing_n which_o be_v agreeable_a to_o that_o which_o we_o call_v expletive_a justice_n but_o it_o comprehend_v also_o the_o act_n of_o fortitude_n temperance_n and_o prudence_n as_o be_v in_o some_o certain_a circumstance_n not_o only_o honest_a and_o laudable_a but_o strict_o due_a but_o unto_o this_o that_o we_o have_v say_v we_o stand_v oblige_v by_o charity_n neither_o be_o i_o at_o all_o startle_v from_o this_o opinion_n of_o i_o by_o what_o vasquius_fw-la urge_v that_o the_o prince_n that_o shall_v insult_n over_o a_o innocent_a person_n do_v ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la cease_v to_o be_v a_o prince_n than_o which_o nothing_o can_v be_v say_v less_o true_a or_o more_o dangerous_a for_o as_o right_n and_o property_n so_o sovereignty_n be_v not_o lose_v by_o misgovernment_n misgovernment_n sovereignty_n not_o lose_v by_o misgovernment_n unless_o some_o law_n do_v so_o determine_v it_o but_o by_o what_o law_n be_v it_o ever_o yet_o decree_v that_o king_n shall_v lose_v their_o sovereignty_n by_o a_o offence_n commit_v against_o a_o private_a person_n sure_o there_o be_v no_o such_o law_n ever_o yet_o find_v nor_o i_o believe_v ever_o will_v be_v for_o the_o condition_n of_o prince_n will_v then_o be_v very_o slippery_a and_o the_o commonwealth_n soon_o fall_v into_o confusion_n and_o as_o to_o that_o which_o vasquius_fw-la lay_v as_o his_o ground_n work_n confute_v the_o error_n of_o vasquius_fw-la confute_v whereupon_o he_o erect_v this_o and_o many_o other_o such_o dangerous_a conclusion_n as_o namely_o that_o all_o sovereignty_n be_v grant_v for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o subject_n and_o not_o of_o the_o king_n be_v it_o universal_o true_a yet_o be_v it_o nothing_o to_o the_o purpose_n for_o the_o thing_n itself_o do_v not_o then_o whole_o cease_v although_o the_o benefit_n or_o profit_n thereof_o do_v in_o some_o part_n cease_v and_o whereas_o he_o add_v that_o every_o man_n wish_v well_o to_o the_o commonwealth_n for_o his_o own_o sake_n and_o therefore_o every_o man_n shall_v prefer_v his_o own_o safety_n before_o that_o of_o the_o commonwealth_n it_o do_v not_o follow_v for_o although_o we_o do_v wish_v the_o preservation_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n for_o our_o own_o sake_n because_o our_o own_o safety_n be_v include_v in_o it_o yet_o do_v we_o not_o wish_v it_o only_o for_o our_o own_o sake_n but_o for_o the_o good_a of_o other_o also_o for_o the_o opinion_n of_o those_o philosopher_n who_o hold_v that_o true_a friendship_n do_v arise_v out_o of_o some_o indigency_n or_o insufficiency_n be_v reject_v as_o false_a and_o pernicious_a see_v that_o man_n be_v a_o creature_n natural_o sociable_a be_v prompt_o and_o of_o its_o own_o nature_n incline_v unto_o it_o but_o that_o i_o shall_v prefer_v the_o common_a safety_n before_o my_o own_o charity_n do_v sometime_o persuade_v and_o sometime_o command_v i_o plutarch_n will_v tell_v we_o pelop._n vita_fw-la pelop._n that_o the_o principal_a part_n of_o valour_n be_v to_o defend_v our_o defender_n and_o cassiodore_n illustrate_v this_o by_o a_o very_a fit_a comparison_n if_o the_o hand_n say_v he_o by_o its_o intelligence_n from_o the_o eye_n perceive_v a_o blow_n threaten_v the_o head_n without_o regard_n to_o its_o own_o safety_n it_o will_v interpose_v itself_o between_o it_o and_o danger_n from_o whence_o he_o infer_v that_o they_o who_o to_o redeem_v their_o prince_n his_o life_n hazard_n nay_o lose_v their_o own_o do_v but_o the_o same_o in_o the_o politic_n which_o the_o hand_n by_o instinct_n do_v in_o the_o body_n natural_a it_o be_v no_o marvel_n say_v seneca_n if_o king_n and_o prince_n be_v the_o guardian_n of_o public_a state_n be_v dear_a unto_o we_o than_o our_o own_o relation_n for_o if_o in_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o wise_a 4._o lib._n 1._o de_fw-fr clem._n c._n 4._o the_o public_a good_a be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o any_o private_a man_n it_o will_v easy_o follow_v that_o he_o that_o be_v the_o father_n of_o our_o country_n deserve_v to_o be_v dear_a unto_o we_o than_o the_o father_n of_o any_o one_o family_n or_o as_o st._n ambrose_n speak_v he_o that_o deliver_v a_o nation_n from_o desolation_n merit_v more_o love_n 3_o de_fw-fr off._n l._n 3._o c._n 3_o than_o he_o that_o deliver_v we_o from_o particular_a danger_n and_o therefore_o the_o same_o seneca_n do_v high_o commend_v calistratus_n and_o rutilius_n the_o one_o a_o athenian_a the_o other_o a_o roman_a who_o refuse_v to_o have_v their_o own_o estate_n restore_v unto_o themselves_o by_o the_o public_a ruin_n 17._o lib._n 6._o the_o bâ—n_n c._n 17._o esteem_v it_o much_o better_a to_o perish_v by_o themselves_o than_o to_o redeem_v their_o own_o life_n and_o fortune_n with_o the_o destruction_n of_o their_o country_n x._o to_o kill_v any_o man_n for_o a_o slight_a injury_n not_o lawful_a for_o christian_n there_o be_v also_o that_o hold_v it_o lawful_a to_o defend_v ourselves_o from_o any_o slight_a injury_n as_o a_o box_n on_o the_o ear_n or_o the_o like_a even_o by_o kill_v he_o that_o attempt_v it_o but_o respect_n be_v herein_o have_v to_o justice_n mere_o expletive_a i_o can_v dissent_v from_o they_o for_o although_o the_o inequality_n be_v very_o great_a between_o a_o box_n on_o the_o ear_n and_o death_n yet_o he_o that_o shall_v attempt_v to_o injure_v i_o do_v therein_o give_v i_o a_o right_n that_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o moral_a power_n to_o oppose_v he_o without_o any_o limitation_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o i_o can_v
otherwise_o repel_v or_o avoid_v the_o evil_n intend_v against_o i_o neither_o do_v charity_n by_o itself_o seem_v to_o restrain_v we_o herein_o in_o favour_n to_o the_o nocent_a linus_n the_o musician_n provoke_v his_o disciple_n hercules_n with_o a_o slight_a blow_n have_v his_o brain_n beat_v out_o by_o hercules_n with_o his_o own_o harp_n and_o be_v by_o some_o arraign_v for_o the_o murder_n appeal_v for_o his_o indemnity_n to_o that_o law_n of_o rhadamant_n whereby_o he_o that_o wound_v another_o be_v by_o he_o first_o assault_v be_v declare_v innocent_a but_o the_o christian_a law_n do_v clear_o forbid_v it_o and_o christ_n himself_o do_v express_o charge_v his_o disciple_n patient_o to_o suffer_v any_o such_o slight_a injury_n though_o reiterated_a rathâ—r_o than_o to_o hurt_v our_o adversary_n how_o much_o more_o do_v he_o forbid_v they_o to_o kill_v he_o to_o avoid_v a_o box_n on_o the_o ear_n by_o which_o particular_a instance_n we_o be_v sufficient_o caution_v against_o that_o of_o covarruvias_n that_o man_n understanding_n be_v well_o instruct_v in_o what_o be_v natural_o right_a will_v not_o endure_v that_o any_o thing_n shall_v in_o natural_a reason_n be_v permit_v that_o be_v not_o also_o permit_v by_o god_n who_o be_v very_a nature_n itself_o for_o god_n who_o be_v so_o the_o author_n of_o nature_n that_o he_o sometime_o act_n free_o above_o nature_n have_v a_o right_a to_o bind_v and_o to_o limit_v we_o by_o law_n even_o in_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v in_o their_o own_o nature_n free_a and_o indefinite_a much_o more_o have_v he_o power_n to_o oblige_v we_o to_o that_o which_o be_v natural_o honest_a though_o not_o due_a but_o a_o wonder_n it_o be_v that_o since_o god_n will_v be_v in_o this_o point_n so_o express_o declare_v in_o the_o gospel_n 5._o navarr_n c_o 15._o 4_o henr._n de_fw-fr irregul_n c._n 11._o vict._n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la be_v lâ—_n n._n 5._o there_o shall_v yet_o be_v find_v so_o many_o christian_n yea_o and_o those_o divine_n 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to_o the_o use_n thereof_o lie_v common_a to_o all_o men._n which_o seem_v contradiction_n may_v be_v thus_o easy_o reconcile_v propriety_n the_o sea_n and_o shore_n how_o common_a and_o how_o hold_v in_o propriety_n neratius_n speak_v of_o the_o shoar_n as_o to_o the_o necessary_a use_n thereof_o to_o mariner_n and_o to_o such_o as_o pass_v by_o say_v that_o it_o be_v natural_o common_a but_o as_o to_o any_o benefit_n or_o profitable_a improvement_n of_o it_o by_o erect_v fort_n or_o other_o durable_a building_n so_o as_o celsus_n well_o observe_v it_o be_v peculiar_a to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n for_o as_o pomponius_n likewise_o inform_v we_o such_o building_n can_v not_o be_v erect_v without_o special_a licence_n from_o the_o praetor_n either_o on_o the_o shoar_n or_o in_o any_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o shoar_n and_o so_o repute_v as_o part_v of_o it_o x._o that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n do_v not_o hinder_v but_o that_o part_n of_o sea_n close_v by_o land_n may_v be_v occupy_v though_o these_o thing_n be_v true_a yet_o do_v it_o arise_v from_o custom_n and_o consent_n and_o not_o from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n that_o the_o sea_n in_o that_o sense_n take_v as_o be_v before_o declare_v be_v not_o occupy_v nor_o by_o right_n can_v be_v so_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n have_v seize_v and_o confiscate_v some_o merchant_n ship_n of_o hull_n for_o fish_v on_o the_o coast_n of_o norway_n near_o island_n without_o leave_n our_o most_o wise_a queen_n elizabeth_n plead_v that_o the_o best_a lawyer_n have_v adjudge_v the_o sea_n to_o be_v free_a and_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n common_a to_o all_o nor_o can_v be_v interdict_a by_o any_o prince_n and_o as_o to_o custom_n she_o answer_v that_o neither_o his_o great_a grandfather_n nor_o his_o grandfather_n nor_o his_o father_n have_v ever_o exact_v it_o 1600._o camd._n eliz._n anno_fw-la 1600._o but_o on_o the_o contrary_a that_o his_o father_n have_v grant_v that_o the_o english_a abstain_v from_o injury_n shall_v have_v freedom_n of_o fish_v without_o leave_n for_o river_n also_o be_v public_a we_o know_v and_o yet_o the_o right_n of_o fish_v in_o some_o corner_n or_o creek_n of_o the_o same_o river_n may_v proper_o belong_v to_o some_o private_a person_n nay_o even_o of_o the_o sea_n itself_o it_o be_v say_v by_o paulus_n the_o civilian_n that_o where_o it_o be_v the_o proper_a right_n of_o some_o particular_a person_n he_o may_v have_v a_o injunction_n to_o quiet_a his_o possession_n for_o this_o be_v now_o a_o private_a case_n for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o concern_v the_o right_a of_o possession_n which_o proper_o appertain_v to_o private_a not_o public_a cause_n where_o doubtless_o he_o treat_v of_o some_o small_a portion_n of_o the_o sea_n let_v into_o some_o private_a man_n ground_n which_o we_o read_v be_v usual_o do_v among_o the_o roman_n as_o by_o lucullus_n and_o other_o and_o as_o sallust_n testify_v by_o many_o private_a man_n in_o his_o time_n who_o have_v subvert_v many_o mountain_n and_o make_v sea_n out_o of_o dry_a land_n whereunto_o horace_n thus_o allude_v while_o mountain_n into_o sea_n be_v cast_v fish_v frighten_v from_o their_o hold_n do_v stand_v aghast_a the_o like_a be_v record_v by_o paterculus_n we_o say_v he_o inject_n huge_a hill_n of_o earth_n into_o the_o sea_n and_o when_o we_o have_v make_v mountain_n hollow_a we_o let_v in_o the_o sea_n to_o fill_v up_o the_o concave_n pliny_n likewise_o speak_v of_o the_o earth_n say_v that_o it_o must_v be_v embowel_v to_o let_v in_o the_o sea_n with_o what_o great_a bulwark_n say_v cassiodore_n be_v the_o sea_n bank_n decent_o invade_v how_o far_o do_v the_o earth_n encroach_v into_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o sea_n so_o that_o as_o tibullus_n write_v the_o untamed_a sea_n with_o mountain_n be_v immure_v that_o fish_n from_o winter_n storm_n may_v lie_v secure_v varro_n write_v of_o l._n lucullus_n say_v that_o have_v cut_v through_o a_o mountain_n near_o naples_n and_o thereby_o make_v a_o passage_n for_o the_o maritine_n river_n into_o his_o pond_n he_o have_v so_o great_a plenty_n and_o variety_n of_o sea_n fish_n luculli_fw-la vita_fw-la luculli_fw-la that_o neptune_n himself_o have_v not_o more_o plutarch_n also_o record_v the_o same_o of_o lucullus_n that_o have_v surround_v his_o village_n with_o trench_n and_o channel_n even_o from_o the_o sea_n and_o so_o store_v they_o with_o fish_n he_o make_v his_o banqueting-house_n within_o the_o sea_n itself_o 54._o lib._n 9_o c._n 54._o so_o do_v pliny_n that_o have_v at_o a_o vast_a charge_n dug_n through_o a_o mountain_n and_o let_v in_o the_o sea_n he_o be_v by_o pompey_n the_o great_a call_v xerxem_n togatum_fw-la the_o very_a like_a do_v valerius_n maximus_n record_n of_o c._n sergius_n orata_n who_o by_o let_v in_o the_o sea_n at_o springtide_n and_o intercept_n its_o go_v out_o make_v sea_n peculiar_a to_o himself_o but_o the_o very_a same_o we_o find_v afterward_o produce_v by_o the_o emperor_n leo_n in_o opposition_n to_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o ancient_a lawyer_n about_o the_o passage_n of_o the_o thracian_a bosphorus_n namely_o that_o they_o may_v be_v enclose_v within_o certain_a bound_n and_o possess_v as_o a_o private_a estate_n now_o if_o any_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n may_v be_v annex_v to_o a_o private_a man_n estate_n as_o be_v environ_v by_o it_o and_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o land_n so_o small_a in_o proportion_n that_o it_o may_v be_v deem_v as_o a_o part_n of_o it_o and_o that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n do_v not_o oppose_v it_o why_o may_v not_o that_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o shoar_n be_v reckon_v as_o a_o part_n of_o he_o or_o their_o dominion_n who_o the_o shore_n be_v especial_o while_o that_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v compare_v with_o the_o territory_n be_v no_o great_a than_o a_o small_a creek_n of_o the_o sea_n compare_v with_o the_o greatness_n of_o a_o private_a man_n land_n wherewith_o it_o be_v encompass_v neither_o will_v it_o much_o alter_v the_o case_n to_o say_v that_o those_o sea_n be_v not_o on_o all_o side_n surround_v as_o may_v be_v easy_o illustrate_v by_o the_o example_n of_o a_o river_n that_o be_v not_o every_o where_o begird_v with_o bank_n or_o by_o the_o example_n of_o the_o sea_n that_o for_o conveniency_n of_o importation_n be_v let_v into_o some_o town_n adjoin_v to_o the_o shoar_n but_o there_o be_v many_o thing_n indulge_v unto_o we_o by_o nature_n which_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n by_o common_a consent_n do_v prohibit_v wherefore_o where_o this_o law_n be_v in_o force_n and_o not_o by_o common_a consent_n repeal_v no_o one_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n though_o for_o the_o most_o part_n surround_v by_o the_o shoar_n and_o questionless_a though_o the_o sea_n be_v natural_o free_a yet_o as_o to_o any_o profit_n that_o may_v arise_v from_o that_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n that_o be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o shoar_n as_o by_o fish_v or_o otherwise_o it_o 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they_o all_o the_o prince_n of_o italy_n do_v the_o like_a for_o fish_v on_o their_o respective_a coast_n in_o the_o mediterranean_a the_o earl_n of_o orkney_n in_o scotland_n take_v the_o ten_o fish_n for_o the_o isle_n of_o orcades_n so_o do_v the_o lord_n of_o manor_n in_o the_o west_n of_o england_n for_o pilchard_n hake_n and_o conger_n the_o state_n lay_v imposition_n upon_o the_o fish_n take_v within_o the_o sea_n and_o stream_n of_o other_o prince_n also_o on_o those_o take_v on_o their_o own_o coast_n edward_n the_o three_o of_o england_n take_v 6_o d._n per_fw-la tun_n in_o his_o time_n which_o be_v now_o as_o much_o as_o 18_o d._n h._n 7._o resolve_v to_o set_v up_o the_o fish_n trade_n in_o england_n consider_v that_o it_o be_v most_o proper_a for_o he_o
so_o to_o do_v in_o respect_n of_o his_o dominion_n in_o the_o north_n sea_n queen_n mary_n let_v a_o lease_n of_o the_o fish_n of_o the_o north_n part_n of_o ireland_n for_o twenty_o one_o year_n for_o a_o certain_a fine_a and_o 1000_o l._n yearly_a rent_n to_o be_v pay_v into_o the_o treasury_n of_o ireland_n the_o hans-town_n have_v liberty_n of_o fish_v grant_v they_o in_o those_o sea_n 1_o mar._n upon_o some_o condition_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o roll_n of_o chancery_n and_o for_o the_o fish_n in_o the_o north_n sea_n merchant_n nature_n law_n merchant_n licence_n be_v usual_o grant_v at_o scarborough_n castle_n king_n james_n set_v out_o a_o proclamation_n 1609._o to_o restrain_v all_o stranger_n from_o fish_v on_o the_o coast_n of_o england_n scotland_n and_o ireland_n without_o licence_n to_o be_v yearly_o grant_v can_v be_v claim_v by_o any_o people_n as_o their_o peculiar_a right_n xi_o how_o such_o possession_n be_v gain_v and_o how_o long_o it_o last_v but_o this_o also_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o where_o this_o law_n of_o nation_n be_v not_o yet_o receive_v or_o now_o abolish_v the_o bare_a possession_n of_o the_o coast_n be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o entitle_v any_o people_n to_o a_o right_n in_o the_o sea_n adjoin_v nor_o be_v it_o enough_o for_o a_o prince_n to_o conceive_v or_o to_o write_v himself_o lord_n of_o the_o sea_n unless_o by_o some_o overt_a act_n he_o proclaim_v himself_o to_o be_v so_o beside_o that_o dominion_n that_o be_v acquire_v by_o occupancy_n may_v be_v desert_v and_o then_o the_o sea_n return_v to_o its_o pristine_a nature_n and_o be_v common_a to_o all_o as_o the_o shore_n be_v be_v destitute_a of_o building_n and_o as_o the_o right_n of_o fish_v in_o creek_n of_o a_o river_n as_o pomponius_n note_v xii_o such_o occapancy_n hinder_v not_o our_o right_n to_o traffic_n innocent_o by_o sea_n but_o most_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o the_o right_n that_o be_v gain_v by_o occupancy_n extend_v not_o so_o far_o as_o to_o give_v a_o right_n to_o impede_fw-la any_o nation_n from_o the_o benefit_n of_o a_o free_a passage_n so_o as_o it_o be_v mere_o for_o innocent_a commerce_n and_o traffic_n but_o not_o for_o depredation_n or_o such_o like_a act_n of_o hostility_n see_v that_o even_o by_o land_n we_o allow_v the_o like_a freedom_n of_o passage_n which_o usual_o be_v less_o necessary_a and_o more_o offensive_a xiii_o that_o the_o sovereignty_n over_o some_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n may_v be_v possess_v and_o how_o but_o that_o the_o sole_a sovereignty_n over_o some_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n without_o any_o other_o propriety_n may_v be_v hold_v may_v more_o easy_o be_v evince_v neither_o as_o i_o suppose_v can_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n whereof_o i_o have_v speak_v gainsay_v it_o the_o argive_n charge_v it_o upon_o the_o athenian_n as_o a_o manifest_a breach_n of_o their_o league_n for_o that_o they_o have_v suffer_v the_o spartan_n be_v their_o enemy_n to_o pass_v through_o their_o sea_n unmolested_a whereas_o it_o be_v express_o provide_v against_o in_o the_o say_a league_n that_o neither_o party_n shall_v permit_v the_o other_o enemy_n to_o pass_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d through_o any_o part_n of_o their_o dominion_n 6._o lib._n 6._o and_o as_o thucydides_n record_v it_o when_o the_o grecian_n have_v make_v a_o truce_n for_o some_o year_n in_o the_o peloponesian_a war_n it_o be_v allow_v to_o the_o megarense_n that_o they_o may_v free_o and_o safe_o pass_v through_o their_o own_o and_o their_o confederate_n sea_n so_o likewise_o dion_n cassius_n describe_v some_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n do_v it_o thus_o all_o that_o sea_n belong_v to_o the_o roman_a empire_n and_o themistius_n also_o concern_v the_o roman_a emperor_n say_v that_o his_o dominion_n reach_v over_o sea_n and_o land_n and_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n be_v that_o of_o oppianus_n to_o the_o emperor_n the_o sea_n do_v know_v not_o other_o law_n but_o thou_o dion_n prusaeensis_n among_o the_o many_o privilege_n give_v by_o augustus_n unto_o the_o city_n of_o tarsis_n add_v this_o that_o he_o give_v they_o the_o dominion_n over_o the_o river_n cydnus_n 2._o philip_n 2._o and_o over_o the_o sea_n adjoin_v thereunto_o demosthenes_n say_v that_o the_o lacedaemonian_n govern_v all_o both_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n and_o he_o that_o write_v the_o life_n of_o timotheus_n relate_v that_o after_o such_o a_o time_n the_o lacedaemonian_n lay_v down_o their_o long_a continue_a claim_n and_o voluntary_o yield_v unto_o the_o athenian_n the_o sovereignty_n over_o the_o sea_n curtius_n of_o the_o city_n of_o tyra_n say_v much_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n that_o she_o sit_v as_o queen_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o sea_n extend_v her_o dominion_n not_o to_o her_o neighbour_a sea_n only_o but_o to_o all_o other_o whithersoever_o her_o fleet_n shall_v ride_v philo_z the_o jew_n discourse_v of_o king_n say_v that_o they_o add_v to_o their_o possession_n sea_n infinite_a in_o number_n and_o extent_n so_o he_o that_o pen_v that_o oration_n concern_v halonesus_n which_o be_v insert_v among_o those_o of_o demosthenes_n speak_v of_o philip_n of_o macedon_n say_v all_o that_o he_o desire_v of_o we_o be_v that_o we_o will_v confess_v ourselves_o unable_a to_o defend_v the_o sea_n without_o he_o and_o therefore_o that_o we_o will_v put_v he_o into_o the_o possession_n of_o they_o and_o the_o emperor_n julian_n speak_v of_o alexander_n say_v that_o he_o endeavour_v by_o that_o war_n to_o make_v himself_o lord_n both_o of_o sea_n and_o land_n now_o what_o alexander_n endeavour_v to_o do_v his_o successor_n antiochus_n claim_v as_o his_o right_n as_o appear_v by_o that_o speech_n of_o he_o in_o gorionides_n nun_n terra_fw-la &_o mare_fw-la mea_fw-la sunt_fw-la be_v not_o both_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o land_n we_o so_o also_o do_v his_o other_o successor_n ptolemy_n if_o theocritus_n deceive_v we_o not_o over_o many_o sea_n and_o land_n his_o empire_n reach_v and_o again_o all_o land_n and_o sea_n and_o roar_a river_n lie_v under_o the_o empire_n of_o king_n ptolemy_n now_o let_v we_o we_o descend_v to_o the_o roman_n hannibal_n himself_o thus_o bespeak_v scipio_n the_o great_a we_o carthaginian_n be_v confine_v within_o the_o coast_n of_o africa_n while_o you_o roman_n be_v know_v to_o lord_n it_o over_o foreign_a kingdom_n both_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n and_o of_o the_o lesser_a scipio_n claudian_n write_v thus_o with_o rome_n great_a power_n first_o in_o revenge_n he_o awe_v the_o spanish_a ocean_n under_o roman_a law_n all_o the_o roman_a historian_n do_v every_o where_o call_v the_o mediterranean_a sea_n their_o own_o as_o sallust_n florus_n mela_n and_o other_o but_o dionysius_n halicarnassensis_n own_v they_o as_o lord_n not_o of_o the_o inland_n sea_n only_o which_o he_o bound_v with_o hercules_n pillar_n but_o of_o the_o ocean_n as_o far_o as_o it_o be_v not_o impossible_a for_o man_n and_o ship_n to_o sail_v and_o cassius_n grant_v that_o their_o empire_n extend_v almost_o as_o far_o as_o there_o be_v either_o sea_n or_o land_n appian_n describe_v the_o vastness_n of_o their_o power_n assign_v unto_o they_o the_o euxine_a the_o propontis_n the_o hellespont_n the_o aegaean_a the_o pamphilian_a and_o the_o egyptian_a sea_n and_o plutarch_n make_v pompey_n lord_n of_o all_o that_o sea_n that_o lie_v within_o hercules_n pillar_n so_o do_v appian_n this_o also_o do_v philo_n against_o flaccus_n acknowledge_v since_o which_o say_v he_o the_o family_n of_o the_o caesar_n have_v get_v the_o empire_n both_o of_o sea_n and_o land_n ovid_n also_o speak_v of_o augustus_n caesar_n say_v pontus_n quoque_fw-la serviet_fw-la illi_fw-la even_o the_o sea_n shall_v he_o obey_v and_o suetonius_n likewise_o record_v it_o in_o honour_n to_o the_o same_o augustus_n that_o during_o his_o reign_n the_o temple_n of_o janus_n be_v twice_o shut_v up_o he_o have_v so_o often_o make_v peace_n with_o all_o nation_n both_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o same_o augustus_n keep_v constant_o two_o great_a fleet_n the_o one_o at_o misenus_n the_o other_o at_o ravenna_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o upper_a and_o the_o nether_a sea_n so_o also_o valerius_n maximus_n tell_v tiberius_n that_o by_o the_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o both_o god_n and_o man_n the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v commit_v to_o he_o the_o very_a same_o do_v philo_n testify_v of_o the_o say_v tiberius_n that_o his_o empire_n comprehend_v both_o sea_n and_o land_n and_o therefore_o josephus_n style_v vespasian_n terrae_fw-la marisque_fw-la dominum_fw-la the_o lord_n of_o sea_n and_o land_n the_o like_a do_v aristides_n in_o many_o place_n attribute_v to_o antoninus_n the_o emperor_n procopius_n tell_v we_o of_o several_a statue_n of_o the_o emperor_n justinian_n erect_v in_o many_o place_n as_o hold_v in_o his_o hand_n
conditione_n to_o some_o thing_n man_n may_v have_v a_o right_n though_o with_o some_o restraint_n and_o limitation_n to_o the_o same_o sense_n be_v that_o of_o dion_n prusaensis_n there_o be_v many_o way_n and_o those_o very_a discrepant_a whereby_o thing_n may_v be_v call_v we_o for_o a_o right_n we_o may_v have_v to_o a_o thing_n although_o we_o can_v neither_o alienate_v it_o nor_o use_v it_o at_o our_o own_o pleasure_n the_o like_a i_o find_v in_o strabo_n dominus_fw-la fuit_fw-la dempto_fw-la vendendi_fw-la jure_fw-la it_o be_v his_o by_o right_n yet_o have_v he_o no_o power_n to_o sell_v it_o now_o very_o opposite_a to_o what_o have_v be_v here_o say_v germ._n de_fw-fr moribus_fw-la germ._n be_v that_o which_o tacitus_n record_v of_o the_o german_n who_o consign_v to_o such_o a_o number_n of_o people_n such_o a_o proportion_n of_o their_o field_n to_o inhabit_v which_o they_o present_o divide_v apportion_v to_o every_o man_n according_a to_o the_o honour_n and_o esteem_v they_o have_v of_o he_o by_o which_o mean_v see_v that_o every_o man_n estate_n depend_v on_o the_o public_a if_o at_o any_o time_n it_o shall_v fall_v out_o that_o any_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a want_v a_o owner_n it_o be_v not_o his_o that_o can_v next_o seize_v it_o but_o it_o escheat_v either_o to_o the_o people_n in_o general_n or_o to_o some_o superior_a lord_n and_o thus_o we_o read_v that_o in_o some_o place_n the_o good_n of_o such_o as_o die_v without_o child_n be_v seize_v to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o people_n and_o that_o there_o be_v certain_a magistrate_n appoint_v to_o administer_v they_o for_o so_o eustathius_n interpret_v that_o of_o homer_n partiebanter_n opes_fw-la rectores_fw-la vrbis_fw-la the_o city_n ruler_n do_v his_o wealth_n divide_v some_o such_o law_n as_o history_n inform_v we_o there_o be_v ancient_o in_o force_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o mexico_n and_o haply_o the_o civil_a law_n may_v have_v introduce_v such_o a_o kind_n of_o right_n in_o some_o other_o such_o like_a case_n as_o we_o have_v now_o begin_v to_o observe_v chap._n iu._n of_o a_o presume_v dereliction_n and_o the_o follow_a occupancy_n and_o wherein_o it_o differ_v from_o prescription_n and_o usucapion_n note_v usucapion_n respect_v thing_n movable_a prescription_n thing_n immovable_a the_o former_a must_v be_v three_o year_n possess_v the_o latter_a ten_o but_o if_o the_o party_n be_v absent_a twenty_o i._o why_o vsucapion_n or_o prescription_n strict_o take_v be_v of_o no_o force_n among_o diverse_a nation_n or_o their_o governor_n ii_o yet_o among_o these_o be_v usual_o plead_v long_a possession_n iii_o the_o reason_n draw_v from_o humane_a conjecture_n and_o those_o not_o from_o word_n only_o iu._n but_o from_o deed_n do_v v._o and_o from_o some_o leave_v undo_v vi_o how_o time_n join_v with_o non_fw-la possession_n and_o a_o non-claim_a be_v sufficient_a to_o ground_v our_o conjecture_n of_o a_o dereliction_n vii_o ordinary_o time_n out_o of_o mind_n suffice_v for_o such_o a_o conjecture_n and_o what_o that_o time_n be_v viii_o a_o objection_n answer_v ix_o that_o set_v aside_o conjecture_n even_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n dominion_n may_v seem_v to_o be_v transfer_v by_o possession_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n x._o whether_o the_o right_a of_o such_o as_o be_v unborn_a may_v be_v thus_o take_v away_o xi_o that_o even_o the_o right_n of_o sovereign_a power_n may_v be_v thus_o gain_v by_o either_o king_n or_o people_n xii_o whether_o the_o civil_a law_n concern_v vsucapion_n and_o prescription_n do_v bound_v they_o that_o have_v the_o supreme_a power_n explain_v by_o a_o distinction_n xiii_o what_o right_n do_v either_o separable_o or_o communicable_o adhere_v to_o the_o supreme_a power_n may_v be_v either_o get_v or_o lose_v by_o vsucapion_n or_o prescription_n fourteen_o that_o subject_n may_v at_o any_o time_n lawful_o assert_v their_o own_o liberty_n refute_v xv._o those_o right_n that_o be_v mere_o in_o our_o own_o power_n no_o time_n can_v take_v away_o i._o long_n possession_n of_o no_o force_n among_o different_a nation_n a_o notable_a question_n do_v here_o arise_v concern_v a_o long_a continue_a possession_n for_o see_v it_o be_v the_o civil_a law_n that_o give_v life_n and_o be_v to_o this_o right_n for_o time_n in_o its_o own_o nature_n have_v no_o effective_a power_n for_o nothing_o be_v do_v by_o time_n although_o there_o be_v nothing_o that_o be_v not_o do_v in_o time_n tempore_fw-la time_n nihil_fw-la fit_a à _fw-la tempore_fw-la quamvis_fw-la nihil_fw-la non_fw-la fit_a in_fw-la tempore_fw-la it_o can_v be_v of_o no_o source_n as_o vasquius_fw-la observe_v between_o two_o free_a nation_n or_o king_n nor_o between_o a_o king_n and_o a_o free_a people_n no_o nor_o between_o a_o king_n and_o the_o subject_a of_o another_o prince_n nor_o yet_o between_o two_o private_a subject_n of_o two_o several_a king_n or_o people_n thus_o be_v the_o english_a commissioner_n answer_v demand_v calais_n upon_o the_o prescription_n of_o two_o hundred_o and_o thirty_o year_n that_o prescription_n of_o time_n take_v no_o place_n among_o prince_n camd._n an._n reg._n eliz._n 10._o for_o as_o we_o read_v among_o the_o law_n of_o the_o twelve_o table_n aeterna_fw-la authoritas_fw-la cum_fw-la host_n isto_fw-la our_o claim_n against_o a_o enemy_n i._n e._n a_o foreigner_n be_v everlasting_a so_o likewise_o in_o thing_n steal_v the_o right_a owner_n never_o lose_v his_o property_n for_o the_o word_n authority_n in_o that_o place_n signify_v the_o right_a of_o dominion_n which_o hold_v true_a unless_o it_o be_v when_o either_o the_o thing_n or_o act_n be_v hold_v by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o territory_n but_o yet_o in_o admit_v this_o one_o main_a inconvenience_n will_v ensue_v namely_o that_o title_n to_o kingdom_n and_o controversy_n concern_v their_o bound_n will_v never_o be_v at_o a_o end_n which_o will_v not_o only_o procure_v much_o trouble_n and_o perturbation_n of_o mind_n among_o many_o and_o occasion_n matter_n for_o war_n but_o be_v repugnant_a to_o the_o common_a sense_n of_o all_o nation_n ii_o yet_o it_o be_v sometime_o plead_v by_o they_o for_o both_o jephtha_n in_o the_o sacred_a story_n defend_v his_o title_n against_o the_o claim_n of_o the_o king_n of_o the_o ammonite_n unto_o all_o that_o land_n lie_v between_o arnon_n and_o jabock_n and_o from_o the_o arabian_a desert_n unto_o jordan_n by_o a_o uninterrupted_a possession_n for_o three_o hundred_o year_n and_o demand_n of_o he_o why_o in_o so_o long_a a_o time_n neither_o he_o nor_o his_o ancestor_n do_v ever_o challenge_v those_o land_n and_o the_o lacedaemonian_n also_o in_o isocrates_n urge_v it_o as_o a_o thing_n most_o certain_a and_o grant_v by_o all_o nation_n that_o public_a possession_n as_o well_o as_o private_a may_v by_o long_a continuance_n take_v so_o deep_a root_n and_o be_v so_o strong_o confirm_v that_o they_o can_v never_o be_v recover_v by_o which_o right_o they_o dismiss_v those_o that_o come_v to_o demand_v massena_n and_o thus_o do_v the_o same_o isocrates_n urge_v it_o against_o king_n philip_n that_o length_n of_o time_n have_v render_v the_o title_n indisputable_a and_o upon_o this_o very_a account_n it_o be_v that_o the_o latter_a philip_n tell_v titus_n quintius_n that_o as_o for_o those_o city_n which_o he_o have_v take_v by_o the_o sword_n he_o be_v willing_a to_o set_v they_o free_a but_o for_o those_o that_o he_o have_v receive_v from_o his_o ancestor_n by_o a_o just_a and_o hereditary_a right_n of_o possession_n he_o will_v not_o relinquish_v they_o sulpitius_n plead_v against_o antiochus_n show_v that_o because_o the_o grecian_n have_v sometime_o serve_v in_o asia_n therefore_o to_o endeavour_v by_o war_n after_o so_o many_o year_n past_a to_o reduce_v they_o again_o into_o bondage_n be_v very_o unjust_a 6._o tac._n anr._n l._n 6._o and_o nothing_o among_o historian_n be_v repute_v more_o vain_a and_o foolish_a 2._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d de_fw-fr off_z l._n 2._o than_o to_o require_v thing_n long_o out_o of_o possession_n to_o the_o like_a purpose_n be_v that_o of_o cicero_n with_o what_o colour_n of_o justice_n can_v we_o deprive_v he_o of_o those_o land_n whereof_o for_o so_o many_o year_n nay_o age_n past_a he_o have_v be_v quiet_o possess_v and_o that_o also_o of_o florus_n 13._o lib._n 3._o c._n 13._o their_o country_n notwithstanding_o which_o their_o ancestor_n have_v leave_v they_o they_o hold_v as_o firm_o by_o prescription_n as_o if_o it_o have_v descend_v unto_o they_o by_o a_o hereditary_a right_n iii_o how_o thing_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v forsake_v what_o then_o shall_v we_o say_v the_o effect_n of_o right_n that_o depend_v upon_o the_o mind_n can_v notwithstanding_o by_o the_o sole_a act_n of_o the_o mind_n be_v obtain_v unless_o that_o act_n be_v declare_v by_o some_o overt_a sign_n for_o to_o attribute_v so_o much_o of_o efficacy_n to_o the_o bare_a act_n of_o
to_o prove_v the_o injustice_n of_o his_o demand_n in_o require_v those_o city_n which_o neither_o he_o nor_o his_o father_n nor_o his_o grandfather_n ever_o enjoy_v thus_o queen_n elizabeth_n plead_v against_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n for_o the_o fish_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o norway_n and_o new_a island_n without_o leave_n that_o neither_o his_o great_a grandfather_n nor_o his_o grandfather_n nor_o his_o father_n have_v exact_v it_o and_o therefore_o conclude_v it_o to_o be_v unjust_a see_v also_o that_o the_o sea_n be_v free_a for_o all_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n porphyry_n account_v thirty_o year_n for_o a_o age_n and_o herodian_a in_o the_o life_n of_o severus_n what_o a_o age_n what_o account_v three_o age_n for_o a_o century_n philo_n also_o reckon_v in_o three_o hundred_o year_n ten_o king_n to_o reign_v in_o egypt_n so_o plutarch_n record_v fourteen_o king_n to_o have_v reign_v in_o lacedaemon_n in_o five_o hundred_o year_n and_o therefore_o the_o emperor_n justinian_n wise_o forbid_v that_o any_o title_n shall_v be_v set_v on_o foot_n that_o have_v be_v discontinue_v for_o four_o age_n viii_o a_o objection_n answer_v but_o here_o it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o see_v that_o man_n do_v natural_o love_v themselves_o and_o whatsoever_o be_v they_o it_o be_v not_o easy_o to_o be_v presume_v that_o they_o will_v cast_v away_o what_o be_v their_o own_o and_o therefore_o such_o negative_a act_n though_o long_o continue_v can_v be_v no_o sufficient_a ground_n to_o conclude_v a_o dereliction_n but_o we_o ought_v also_o to_o believe_v so_o charitable_o of_o man_n that_o they_o will_v not_o suffer_v one_o another_o to_o live_v perpetual_o in_o a_o sin_n unrepented_a of_o for_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v vain_a and_o perishable_a which_o can_v ofttimes_o be_v avoid_v unless_o we_o do_v grant_v such_o a_o dereliction_n as_o concern_v empire_n though_o they_o be_v hold_v in_o great_a esteem_n among_o man_n dejot_fw-la cic._n pro_fw-la dejot_fw-la yet_o be_v they_o not_o without_o their_o burden_n for_o if_o they_o be_v not_o well_o administer_v they_o expose_v the_o governor_n to_o the_o wrath_n of_o the_o supreme_a judge_n and_o as_o the_o case_n be_v sad_a when_o they_o that_o be_v tutor_n and_o guardian_n shall_v waste_v the_o orphan_n estate_n with_o needless_a suit_n at_o law_n about_o the_o right_n of_o tutelage_n 1._o lib._n 1._o or_o to_o use_v plato_n similitude_n to_o this_o very_a purpose_n when_o mariner_n in_o a_o storm_n shall_v contend_v to_o the_o endanger_n of_o the_o ship_n whether_o of_o they_o can_v best_o steer_v she_o so_o they_o be_v not_o always_o the_o best_a patriot_n who_o can_v be_v content_a to_o sacrifice_v the_o public_a peace_n to_o their_o own_o private_a ambition_n and_o not_o without_o the_o vast_a expense_n of_o innocent_a blood_n dispute_n which_o of_o they_o can_v best_o provide_v for_o the_o people_n safety_n high_o extol_v by_o our_o ancestor_n be_v that_o act_n of_o antiochus_n who_o be_v drive_v out_o of_o a_o great_a part_n of_o his_o empire_n by_o scipio_n and_o confine_v to_o that_o only_a which_o lie_v beyond_o mount_n taurus_n give_v hearty_a thanks_o to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n for_o ease_v he_o of_o so_o great_a a_o burden_n 1._o val._n max._n lib._n 4._o c._n 1._o and_o for_o contract_v his_o dominion_n within_o moderate_a bound_n of_o the_o very_a same_o mind_n seem_v jonathan_n to_o be_v will_v rather_o to_o forego_v his_o right_n to_o the_o crown_n than_o to_o destroy_v his_o country_n with_o civil_a war_n so_o that_o he_o may_v be_v but_o next_o unto_o david_n who_o he_o love_v as_o his_o own_o soul_n 1_o sam._n 23.17_o it_o be_v say_v of_o otho_n the_o emperor_n that_o in_o his_o life_n he_o be_v as_o dissolute_a as_o nero_n finem_fw-la plut._n vit_fw-mi othon_n ad_fw-la finem_fw-la but_o in_o his_o death_n as_o honourable_a as_o any_o of_o the_o roman_a emperor_n for_o rather_o than_o harass_n his_o own_o country_n with_o intestine_a war_n he_o choose_v to_o die_v resolute_o by_o his_o own_o hand_n among_o those_o many_o grave_a say_n bequeath_v unto_o we_o by_o lucan_n this_o in_o my_o opinion_n be_v not_o the_o least_o cantone_n novorum_fw-la proventu_fw-la scelerum_fw-la quaerunt_fw-la uter_fw-la imperet_fw-la urbi_fw-la vix_fw-la tanti_fw-la fuerat_fw-la civilia_fw-la bella_fw-la movere_fw-la ut_fw-la neuter_n shall_v they_o my_o praise_n have_v who_o seek_v by_o broil_n which_o shall_v the_o state_n enslave_v it_o have_v scarce_o be_v so_o much_o worth_n to_o expect_v whether_o as_o to_o provide_v by_o civil_a war_n that_o neither_o but_o howsoever_o see_v that_o it_o much_o conduce_v to_o the_o conservation_n of_o humane_a society_n that_o title_n to_o empire_n shall_v at_o length_n become_v fix_v and_o undoubted_a certain_a title_n to_o empirâ—s_n shall_v be_v fix_v and_o certain_a therefore_o whatsoever_o proof_n though_o but_o conjectural_a shall_v be_v bring_v in_o reference_n to_o that_o end_n must_v be_v embrace_v 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to_o dominion_n or_o empire_n because_o there_o be_v few_o of_o they_o but_o some_o that_o be_v unborn_a may_v pretend_v a_o title_n to_o if_o we_o say_v it_o may_v then_o will_v it_o seem_v as_o strong_a how_o silence_n can_v prejudice_v they_o that_o can_v never_o speak_v as_o have_v as_o yet_o no_o existence_n or_o how_o the_o fact_n of_o one_o man_n may_v damnify_v another_o to_o resolve_v this_o we_o must_v know_v right_n he_o that_o have_v no_o visible_a be_v can_v have_v no_o right_n that_o he_o that_o have_v no_o visible_a be_v can_v have_v no_o right_n as_o that_o which_o have_v no_o existence_n can_v have_v no_o accident_n wherefore_o if_o the_o people_n from_o who_o will_n all_o right_n of_o sovereignty_n do_v original_o proceed_v may_v change_v their_o will_n sure_o they_o can_v be_v say_v to_o injure_v those_o that_o be_v as_o yet_o unborn_a see_v they_o have_v as_o yet_o not_o acquire_v right_o but_o as_o the_o people_n may_v change_v their_o will_n express_o so_o may_v they_o be_v believe_v to_o do_v it_o tacit_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v grant_v that_o the_o people_n have_v change_v their_o will_n and_o that_o the_o right_n of_o those_o who_o be_v as_o yet_o unborn_a do_v not_o exist_v but_o that_o the_o parent_n of_o who_o they_o may_v be_v bear_v and_o who_o have_v a_o right_a in_o the_o mean_a time_n to_o have_v preserve_v it_o for_o they_o do_v relinquish_v it_o what_o shall_v hinder_v but_o that_o what_o be_v thus_o desert_v may_v be_v occupy_v by_o another_o many_o example_n we_o find_v in_o history_n of_o such_o dereliction_n 18._o many_o example_n of_o dereliction_n mariana_n l._n 13._o c._n 18._o the_o most_o eminent_a be_v that_o of_o lewis_n the_o nine_o of_o france_n who_o we_o find_v renounce_v for_o himself_o and_o his_o child_n all_o that_o right_n which_o by_o his_o mother_n blanch_n he_o may_v have_v claim_v to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o castille_n and_o those_o renunciation_n which_o the_o infanta_n of_o spain_n do_v usual_o make_v 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non_fw-la valent_fw-la ex_fw-la post_fw-la facto_fw-la convalescere_fw-la non_fw-la possunt_fw-la those_o title_n which_o be_v original_o naught_o can_v by_o any_o post_n fact_n be_v make_v good_a be_v to_o be_v understand_v with_o this_o exception_n unless_o some_o new_a cause_n do_v intervene_v which_o of_o itself_o be_v apt_a and_o able_a to_o form_v a_o new_a right_n and_o by_o this_o mean_n that_o be_v by_o a_o manifest_a dereliction_n and_o a_o long_a possession_n he_o that_o be_v a_o true_a king_n may_v lose_v his_o kingdom_n and_o become_v a_o subject_a to_o the_o people_n and_o he_o that_o be_v real_o no_o king_n but_o a_o prince_n may_v become_v a_o absolute_a king_n and_o that_o sovereign_a power_n which_o be_v once_o whole_o in_o either_o king_n or_o people_n may_v at_o length_n come_v to_o be_v divide_v among_o they_o xii_o whether_o king_n be_v oblige_v by_o those_o civil_a law_n of_o usucapion_n or_o prescription_n but_o here_o it_o be_v not_o altogether_o unworthy_a our_o pain_n to_o inquire_v whether_o the_o law_n of_o usucapion_n or_o prescription_n have_v the_o stamp_n of_o the_o sovereign_a power_n may_v bind_v he_o also_o that_o make_v it_o or_o whether_o the_o very_a right_n of_o empire_n or_o their_o necessary_a part_n which_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o explain_v be_v subject_a to_o this_o law_n of_o prescription_n and_o uninterrupted_a possession_n some_o civilian_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o they_o be_v and_o those_o not_o a_o few_o especial_o of_o such_o as_o handle_v question_n concern_v sovereign_a empire_n according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n of_o the_o roman_n but_o we_o with_o some_o other_o be_v of_o another_o opinion_n direct_o king_n not_o always_o bind_v by_o their_o own_o law_n direct_o for_o that_o a_o man_n shall_v be_v bind_v up_o by_o law_n it_o be_v require_v that_o in_o the_o law_n maker_n there_o shall_v be_v both_o a_o power_n and_o a_o will_v at_o least_o strong_o presume_v so_o to_o do_v but_o no_o man_n can_v proper_o 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to_o be_v acquire_v ☜_o no_o prescription_n without_o strong_a conjecture_n of_o dereliction_n can_v lie_v against_o a_o king_n as_o such_o ☜_o within_o such_o a_o certain_a time_n at_o all_o appertain_v to_o the_o thing_n belong_v to_o the_o supreme_a power_n yet_o may_v the_o people_n in_o the_o first_o creation_n of_o the_o empire_n have_v express_v their_o will_n by_o what_o mean_n and_o in_o what_o space_n of_o time_n the_o government_n by_o not_o use_v it_o shall_v be_v lose_v which_o will_v so_o express_v aught_o without_o doubt_n to_o have_v be_v follow_v nor_o can_v it_o then_o have_v be_v infringe_v by_o the_o king_n himself_o though_o invest_v with_o supreme_a power_n because_o it_o appertain_v not_o to_o the_o empire_n itself_o but_o to_o the_o manner_n of_o hold_v it_o as_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o explain_v it_o xiii_o what_o be_v not_o inseparable_a from_o sovereignty_n may_v be_v get_v or_o lose_v by_o prescription_n but_o what_o thing_n soever_o be_v not_o essential_a to_o the_o sovereign_a power_n nor_o belong_v unto_o it_o as_o its_o natural_a propriety_n but_o may_v natural_o be_v either_o separate_v from_o it_o or_o at_o least_o communicate_v with_o other_o be_v also_o subject_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n of_o every_o people_n which_o be_v in_o force_n concern_v usucapion_n and_o prescription_n so_o we_o read_v of_o some_o subject_n who_o have_v gain_v by_o prescription_n that_o it_o can_v be_v appeal_v from_o they_o yet_o so_o that_o always_o some_o appeal_n may_v be_v make_v from_o namely_o by_o petition_n or_o some_o such_o like_a way_n for_o that_o there_o shall_v be_v no_o appeal_n at_o all_o from_o any_o be_v not_o consistent_a with_o the_o condition_n of_o a_o subject_a and_o therefore_o must_v needs_o appertain_v to_o sovereignty_n or_o to_o some_o essential_a part_n of_o it_o nor_o can_v it_o otherwise_o be_v obtain_v than_o according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n to_o which_o the_o high_a power_n themselves_o be_v subject_a fourteen_o that_o subject_n may_v at_o all_o time_n assert_v their_o own_o liberty_n refute_v vasquius_fw-la refuted_a hence_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o discern_v how_o far_o forth_o we_o may_v admit_v of_o that_o which_o vasquius_fw-la and_o other_o maintain_v namely_o that_o subject_n may_v at_o all_o time_n endeavour_v if_o they_o can_v to_o recover_v that_o liberty_n which_o belong_v to_o a_o free_a people_n because_o what_o be_v by_o force_n get_v may_v by_o force_n be_v regain_v and_o of_o that_o which_o at_o first_o proceed_v from_o the_o will_n it_o be_v lawful_a to_o repent_v and_o to_o change_v the_o will_n for_o both_o that_o empire_n that_o be_v at_o first_o gain_v by_o force_n may_v in_o time_n by_o the_o tacit_a consent_n of_o the_o people_n yield_v thereunto_o a_o willing_a obedience_n receive_v a_o firm_a and_o establish_v right_o as_o also_o that_o will_n either_o at_o the_o first_o establishment_n of_o the_o empire_n or_o by_o a_o postnate_a fact_n may_v be_v such_o as_o shall_v give_v such_o a_o right_n as_o shall_v not_o afterward_o depend_v upon_o that_o will_n it_o be_v a_o excellent_a speech_n that_o josephus_n record_v of_o king_n agrippa_n to_o those_o jew_n who_o from_o their_o preposterous_a endeavour_n to_o recover_v their_o lose_a liberty_n be_v call_v zealot_n intempestivum_fw-la est_fw-la nunc_fw-la libertatem_fw-la concupiscere_fw-la olim_fw-la ne_fw-la ea_fw-la amitteretur_fw-la certatum_fw-la oportuit_fw-la to_o contend_v now_o for_o your_o liberty_n be_v unseasonable_a this_o you_o shall_v have_v do_v before_o you_o have_v lose_v it_o to_o be_v enslave_v to_o another_o be_v grievous_a the_o misery_n of_o war_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o it_o but_o if_o be_v by_o the_o fortune_n of_o the_o war_n reduce_v into_o bondage_n you_o attempt_v to_o free_v yourselves_o non_fw-la amantes_fw-la libertatis_fw-la dicendi_fw-la estis_fw-la sed_fw-la servi_fw-la contumaces_fw-la you_o will_v not_o be_v think_v to_o affect_v liberty_n but_o rebellion_n so_o josephus_n himself_o to_o the_o same_o jew_n honestum_fw-la est_fw-la pro_fw-la patria_fw-la pugnare_fw-la etc._n etc._n to_o fight_v in_o defence_n of_o our_o liberty_n whilst_o we_o have_v it_o be_v honest_a nay_o honourable_a but_o have_v long_o since_o lose_v it_o now_o to_o endeavour_v by_o arm_n to_o recover_v it_o be_v to_o make_v our_o condition_n which_o be_v before_o tolerable_a 3._o de_fw-fr cyri_n inst_z lib._n 3._o now_o desperate_a thus_o do_v cyrus_n in_o xenophon_n answer_v king_n armenius_n who_o will_v fain_o have_v excuse_v his_o defection_n by_o his_o earnest_a desire_n of_o his_o lose_a liberty_n yet_o notwithstanding_o i_o make_v no_o question_n but_o that_o a_o long_a continue_a patience_n in_o a_o king_n as_o i_o have_v above_o describe_v may_v be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o people_n to_o recover_v their_o liberty_n upon_o a_o presumption_n of_o a_o dereliction_n xv._o thing_n mere_o in_o our_o power_n be_v not_o lose_v by_o prescription_n neither_o be_v those_o right_n lose_v by_o prescription_n that_o be_v not_o exercise_v frequent_o but_o may_v be_v once_o at_o a_o time_n convenient_a as_o the_o right_n of_o redemption_n of_o thing_n mortgage_v or_o give_v in_o pledge_n as_o also_o those_o right_n of_o our_o free_a liberty_n to_o do_v such_o other_o act_n whereunto_o that_o act_n already_o execute_v be_v not_o direct_o contrary_a but_o be_v rather_o comprehend_v in_o it_o as_o a_o part_n be_v in_o its_o whole_a as_o in_o case_n a_o man_n have_v enter_v into_o a_o association_n with_o one_o of_o his_o neighbour_n only_o and_o continue_v the_o same_o for_o a_o hundred_o year_n whereas_o he_o be_v at_o liberty_n to_o have_v do_v the_o like_a with_o other_o also_o within_o that_o time_n those_o right_n of_o his_o liberty_n i_o say_v be_v not_o by_o prescription_n lose_v until_o be_v prohibit_v to_o exercise_v it_o or_o compel_v to_o forego_v it_o he_o obey_v it_o and_o sufficient_o signify_v his_o consent_n thereunto_o which_o be_v congruous_a not_o only_o to_o the_o civil_a law_n but_o to_o natural_a reason_n may_v also_o be_v in_o force_n even_o among_o man_n of_o the_o high_a fortune_n chap._n v._o how_o a_o right_a over_o person_n be_v original_o gain_v where_o also_o the_o right_n of_o parent_n over_o their_o child_n of_o matrimony_n of_o college_n or_o society_n of_o king_n over_o subject_n and_o of_o master_n over_o servant_n be_v discuss_v i._o what_o right_a parent_n have_v over_o their_o child_n ii_o this_o right_a varye_n with_o their_o age_n of_o infant_n and_o what_o right_o they_o have_v over_o their_o estate_n iii_o of_o their_o right_n over_o their_o child_n be_v past_o their_o infancy_n whilst_o they_o be_v in_o their_o family_n iu._n what_o coercive_a power_n parent_n have_v over_o they_o v._o what_o right_a they_o have_v to_o sell_v they_o vi_o what_o right_a they_o have_v over_o they_o when_o out_o of_o their_o infancy_n and_o family_n vii_o their_o power_n distinguish_v into_o natural_a and_o civil_a viii_o of_o the_o right_n of_o a_o husband_n over_o his_o wife_n ix_o whether_o the_o tie_n up_o of_o one_o man_n to_o one_o woman_n inseparable_o be_v necessary_a to_o marriage_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o of_o the_o gospel_n only_o x._o by_o the_o sole_a law_n of_o nature_n the_o want_n of_o the_o consent_n of_o parent_n null_v not_o a_o marriage_n xi_o by_o the_o evangelical_n law_n the_o marriage_n of_o another_o wife_n or_o husband_n be_v ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la void_a xii_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n the_o marriage_n of_o parent_n with_o their_o child_n be_v void_a xiii_o so_o be_v marriage_n of_o brother_n and_o sister_n of_o the_o mother-in-law_n with_o the_o son-in-law_n etc._n etc._n by_o the_o divine_a voluntary_a law_n fourteen_o but_o of_o kindred_n more_o remote_a it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o by_o that_o law_n they_o be_v unlawful_a xv._o some_o of_o those_o contract_n which_o the_o law_n call_v concubinary_a may_v amount_v to_o marriage_n and_o be_v lawful_a xvi_o some_o marriage_n though_o unlawful_a to_o have_v be_v do_v yet_o be_v do_v be_v lawful_a xvii_o of_o the_o right_n of_o the_o major_a part_n of_o a_o society_n xviii_o where_o the_o vote_n be_v equal_a which_o part_n carry_v the_o sentence_n xix_o what_o sentence_n be_v to_o be_v divide_v and_o what_o conjoin_v xx._n the_o right_n of_o the_o absent_a be_v devolve_v on_o those_o that_o be_v present_a xxi_o what_o order_n be_v use_v among_o person_n equal_a even_o among_o king_n xxii_o where_o diverse_a society_n claim_v unequal_a share_n in_o the_o same_o thing_n their_o vote_n shall_v be_v reckon_v according_a to_o their_o respective_a part_n in_o the_o thing_n xxiii_o of_o the_o power_n that_o city_n have_v over_o their_o citizen_n xxiv_o whether_o citizen_n may_v desert_v their_o city_n explain_v by_o distinction_n xxv_o no_o city_n have_v power_n over_o her_o banish_a citizen_n xxvi_o what_o power_n by_o
marry_v two_o sister_n successive_o or_o their_o brother_n or_o sister_n daughter_n be_v only_o drive_v from_o the_o clergy_n and_o as_o to_o the_o sin_n for_o which_o god_n be_v say_v to_o extirpate_v the_o canaanite_n and_o their_o neighbour_n the_o answer_n be_v easy_a for_o though_o the_o charge_n be_v general_a yet_o it_o may_v be_v restrain_v to_o some_o principal_a head_n in_o the_o charge_n as_o to_o sodomy_n to_o carnal_a copulation_n with_o beast_n with_o parent_n sister_n other_o man_n wife_n etc._n etc._n and_o that_o other_o law_n be_v add_v but_o as_o fence_n and_o retrenchment_n to_o restrain_v man_n from_o violate_v these_o law_n as_o the_o hebrew_n think_v these_o other_o marriage_n forbid_v to_o restrain_v man_n from_o contract_v these_o for_o that_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v of_o every_o particular_a in_o that_o charge_n be_v sufficient_o prove_v in_o that_o they_o be_v forbid_v to_o have_v two_o sister_n as_o wife_n at_o the_o same_o time_n which_o that_o it_o be_v not_o at_o the_o first_o make_v to_o all_o mankind_n the_o example_n and_o great_a piety_n of_o jacob_n will_v not_o suffer_v we_o to_o believe_v whereunto_o may_v be_v add_v that_o of_o amram_n the_o father_n of_o moses_n who_o marry_v his_o own_o aunt_n as_o do_v diverse_a other_o both_o among_o the_o grecian_n and_o roman_n and_o yet_o i_o can_v but_o commend_v the_o great_a modesty_n of_o the_o primitive_a christian_n modesty_n the_o primitive_a christian_n exceed_v the_o jew_n in_o modesty_n who_o do_v not_o only_o of_o their_o own_o accord_n observe_v those_o law_n which_o be_v give_v in_o common_a to_o all_o nation_n but_o those_o also_o which_o be_v give_v to_o the_o jewish_a nation_n only_o yea_o and_o do_v enlarge_v the_o bound_n of_o their_o modesty_n beyond_o those_o degree_n forbid_v they_o that_o as_o in_o other_o virtue_n so_o in_o this_o also_o they_o may_v be_v see_v to_o excel_v they_o and_o that_o this_o be_v do_v with_o a_o general_a consent_n will_v appear_v by_o the_o canon_n of_o the_o council_n common_a use_n and_o practice_n be_v of_o great_a power_n to_o commend_v or_o discommend_v any_o thing_n to_o humane_a sense_n say_v st._n augustine_n speak_v in_o dislike_n of_o the_o marriage_n of_o brother_n and_o sister_n which_o say_v he_o now_o by_o custom_n most_o nation_n 16._o de_fw-fr civit._n dei_fw-la lib._n 15._o c._n 16._o though_o heathenish_a do_v abhor_v and_o although_o those_o marriage_n be_v sometime_o permit_v by_o some_o wicked_a law_n yet_o have_v a_o better_a custom_n at_o length_n introduce_v a_o abhorrence_n of_o they_o now_o since_o this_o custom_n have_v so_o far_o prevail_v as_o to_o curb_v and_o restrain_v this_o licence_n to_o endeavour_v to_o infringe_v or_o corrupt_v this_o custom_n be_v little_o less_o than_o impiety_n for_o if_o it_o be_v unjust_a out_o of_o covetousness_n to_o remove_v the_o landmark_n of_o our_o neighbour_n ground_n how_o much_o more_o unjust_a be_v it_o out_o of_o a_o inordinate_a lust_n to_o subvert_v so_o profitable_a and_o so_o laudable_a a_o custom_n we_o have_v observe_v say_v st._n augustine_n ibid._n ibid._n how_o rare_a it_o be_v to_o see_v brother_n and_o sister_n child_n to_o be_v join_v in_o marriage_n in_o these_o time_n of_o we_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o propinquity_n in_o blood_n be_v the_o next_o in_o degree_n to_o brother_n and_o sister_n which_o though_o by_o the_o law_n be_v lawful_a germane_a concern_v the_o marriage_n of_o cousin_n germane_a because_o neither_o divine_a nor_o humane_a law_n have_v yet_o forbid_v it_o yet_o have_v custom_n introduce_v such_o a_o dislike_n of_o it_o that_o it_o be_v seldom_o do_v factum_fw-la etiam_fw-la licitum_fw-la propter_fw-la vicinitatem_fw-la horrebatur_fw-la illiciti_fw-la that_o which_o be_v in_o itself_o lawful_a be_v prudent_o avoid_v for_o its_o vicinity_n to_o that_o which_o be_v unlawful_a whereunto_o he_o present_o subjoin_v that_o though_o it_o be_v the_o religious_a care_n of_o our_o forefather_n after_o two_o or_o three_o descent_n to_o renew_v their_o allyance_n by_o interchangeable_a marriage_n abstain_v only_o after_o the_o world_n be_v sufficient_o stock_v with_o man_n from_o that_o of_o brother_n with_o sister_n yet_o who_o can_v doubt_v but_o that_o honestius_fw-la hoc_fw-la tempore_fw-la etiam_fw-la consobrinarum_fw-la prohibita_fw-la esse_fw-la conjugia_fw-la the_o marriage_n of_o brother_n and_o sister_n child_n be_v now_o more_o modest_o forbid_v and_o that_o not_o only_o for_o strengthen_v ourselves_o with_o new_a allyance_n but_o also_o by_o reason_n of_o a_o certain_a natural_a and_o commendable_a bashfulness_n which_o shall_v restrain_v we_o from_o commit_v such_o libidinous_a act_n with_o she_o of_o who_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o nearness_n of_o blood_n we_o shall_v have_v a_o reverend_a esteem_n as_o even_o conjugal_a modesty_n we_o see_v do_v even_o blush_v to_o own_o and_o therefore_o aeschylus_n call_v the_o marriage_n of_o cousin_n germane_a such_o a_o conjunction_n as_o the_o law_n forbid_v because_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o stock_n be_v corrupt_v and_o taint_v now_o this_o natural_a shamefacedness_n many_o king_n and_o free_a people_n have_v by_o their_o law_n cherish_v and_o uphold_v the_o emperor_n theodosius_n as_o victor_n report_v do_v so_o high_o esteem_v of_o it_o that_o he_o express_o forbid_v the_o marriage_n of_o cousin_n german_n make_v but_o little_a difference_n between_o that_o and_o that_o of_o brother_n and_o sister_n which_o law_n st._n ambrose_n high_o commend_v as_o be_v full_a of_o piety_n such_o another_o law_n we_o find_v make_v by_o arcadius_n and_o honorius_n the_o like_a cassiodore_n relate_v of_o the_o goth_n who_o prudent_o follow_v this_o example_n do_v reserve_v the_o privilege_n of_o contract_a marriage_n with_o cousin_n germane_a to_o their_o king_n only_o and_o yet_o we_o must_v still_o remember_v 60._o not_o every_o thing_n that_o be_v do_v contrary_a to_o law_n be_v present_o make_v void_a quod_fw-la fieri_fw-la non_fw-la debuit_fw-la factum_fw-la vaâ—_n t._n can._n 60._o that_o not_o every_o thing_n that_o be_v forbid_v to_o be_v do_v by_o humane_a law_n be_v do_v be_v present_o void_a unless_o it_o be_v so_o signify_v by_o the_o law_n itself_o in_o the_o council_n of_o agatha_n among_o other_o prohibit_v marriage_n that_o of_o cousin_n germane_a also_o be_v mention_v whereunto_o it_o be_v add_v that_o the_o council_n do_v not_o at_o that_o time_n so_o prohibit_v they_o as_o to_o dissolve_v those_o that_o have_v be_v make_v so_o paulus_n the_o lawyer_n say_v that_o marriage_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o parent_n be_v unjust_a but_o yet_o not_o to_o be_v dissolve_v so_o in_o the_o eliberine_n council_n it_o be_v decree_v that_o if_o a_o man_n after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o wife_n shall_v marry_v her_o sister_n and_o she_o be_v faithful_a he_o shall_v be_v debar_v from_o the_o communion_n five_o year_n thereby_o show_v that_o the_o band_n of_o marriage_n be_v to_o remain_v undissolved_a and_o by_o the_o aforesaid_a canon_n of_o the_o apostle_n it_o be_v likewise_o conclude_v that_o if_o a_o man_n do_v marry_v two_o sister_n successive_o or_o his_o brother_n daughter_n he_o be_v only_a not_o to_o have_v be_v admit_v into_o sacred_a order_n but_o the_o marriage_n be_v not_o void_a xv._o some_o concubinary_a contract_n may_v amount_v to_o marriage_n but_o that_o we_o may_v proceed_v to_o other_o marriage_n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o some_o concubinary_a contract_n may_v amount_v to_o true_a and_o authentic_a marriage_n although_o they_o may_v be_v deprive_v of_o some_o effect_n peculiar_a to_o marriage_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n or_o lose_v some_o effect_n that_o be_v natural_a by_o reason_n of_o some_o impediment_n arise_v from_o the_o civil_a law_n as_o for_o example_n the_o accompany_v of_o a_o bondman_n with_o a_o bondwoman_n be_v call_v by_o the_o roman_n contubernium_fw-la a_o consociation_n and_o not_o a_o marriage_n yet_o it_o have_v nothing_o want_v requisite_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o marriage_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o ancient_a canon_n it_o be_v call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o wedlock_n so_o the_o accompany_v of_o a_o freeman_n with_o a_o bondwoman_n be_v not_o honour_v with_o the_o title_n of_o matrimony_n but_o of_o wedlock_n which_o by_o imitation_n be_v since_o derive_v to_o other_o person_n that_o be_v of_o unequal_a condition_n as_o that_o in_o athens_n between_o a_o citizen_n and_o a_o stranger_n so_o servius_n upon_o virgil_n call_v those_o bastard_n that_o be_v bear_v of_o obscure_a mother_n and_o yet_o even_o these_o servile_a conjunction_n be_v in_o greece_n carthage_n and_o apulia_n reckon_v as_o marriage_n though_o the_o hebrew_n will_v not_o honour_v they_o by_o that_o name_n nor_o legitimate_a they_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o those_o who_o servant_n they_o be_v for_o so_o they_o expound_v that_o place_n of_o exod._n 21._o 21._o exod._n 21._o where_o mention_n be_v
a_o intestate_a to_o who_o it_o natural_o descend_v dominion_n be_v once_o introduce_v that_o which_o natural_o guide_v the_o succession_n to_o the_o estate_n of_o a_o person_n die_v intestate_a set_v aside_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v our_o conjecture_n at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o decease_a for_o see_v that_o the_o force_n of_o dominion_n be_v such_o that_o it_o may_v be_v transfer_v at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o right_a owner_n unto_o another_o therefore_o in_o case_n a_o man_n die_v possess_v of_o a_o estate_n leave_v nothing_o to_o testify_v his_o mind_n after_o his_o death_n because_o it_o be_v not_o credible_a that_o he_o will_v leave_v it_o to_o he_o that_o can_v next_o catch_v it_o therefore_o shall_v it_o succeed_v to_o he_o to_o who_o it_o be_v probable_a he_o will_v have_v leave_v it_o have_v he_o live_v to_o have_v declare_v it_o defunctorum_fw-la voluntatem_fw-la intellexisse_fw-la pro_fw-la jure_fw-la est_fw-la say_v pliny_n junior_n to_o have_v understand_v the_o will_n of_o the_o decease_a be_v sufficient_a to_o create_v a_o right_n now_o to_o the_o dead_a this_o favour_n be_v indulge_v that_o in_o case_n that_o be_v doubtful_a it_o be_v presume_v that_o every_o man_n will_v do_v that_o which_o be_v most_o just_a and_o honest_a whereof_o in_o the_o first_o place_n be_v the_o payment_n of_o his_o just_a debt_n and_o in_o the_o next_o that_o which_o though_o not_o due_a yet_o be_v most_o agreeable_a to_o our_o duty_n and_o therefore_o what_o be_v commit_v to_o a_o man_n trust_n may_v be_v restore_v say_v paulus_n the_o person_n die_v intestate_a that_o trust_v it_o to_o those_o that_o succeed_v he_o because_o it_o may_v be_v believe_v that_o his_o will_n be_v free_o to_o leave_v the_o lawful_a inheritance_n unto_o they_o iv_o whether_o parent_n do_v owe_v unto_o their_o child_n any_o part_n of_o their_o good_n it_o be_v much_o controvert_v by_o lawyer_n whether_o parent_n may_v be_v say_v to_o owe_v their_o child_n aliment_n some_o of_o they_o hold_v it_o to_o be_v agreeable_a to_o natural_a reason_n but_o deny_v it_o to_o be_v a_o debt_n but_o we_o think_v it_o fit_v here_o to_o distinguish_v of_o the_o word_n debt_n which_o may_v be_v take_v either_o strict_o for_o that_o which_o by_o commutative_a justice_n we_o be_v oblige_v to_o do_v or_o large_o for_o that_o which_o can_v with_o honour_n or_o honesty_n be_v leave_v undo_v as_o be_v a_o duty_n arise_v from_o another_o spring_n but_o not_o from_o that_o of_o justice_n reason_n first_o reason_n now_o aliment_n be_v due_a to_o child_n if_o humane_a law_n do_v not_o otherwise_o determine_v of_o it_o in_o this_o loose_a sense_n in_o which_o i_o conceive_v that_o of_o val._n maximus_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v our_o parent_n by_o nourish_v we_o hâ—ve_v lay_v this_o obligation_n upon_o we_o to_o nourish_v our_o child_n and_o that_o also_o of_o plutarch_n in_o that_o most_o elegant_a oration_n of_o he_o concern_v the_o love_n of_o parent_n towards_o their_o child_n liberi_fw-la haereditatem_fw-la ut_fw-la sibi_fw-la debitam_fw-la expectant_a our_o child_n look_v for_o our_o estate_n as_o due_a unto_o they_o after_o our_o death_n so_o great_a be_v the_o equity_n of_o this_o reason_n lib._n 2._o de_fw-la vita_fw-la cler_n &_o ser_n 52._o ad_fw-la frat_fw-la in_o eremo_fw-la gratian._n c._n 13._o q._n 2._o etc._n etc._n 17._o q._n 4._o in_o fine_a pers_n l._n 1._o second_o reason_n that_o st._n augustine_n will_v not_o admit_v that_o the_o good_n of_o such_o as_o have_v exheredate_v their_o own_o child_n shall_v be_v receive_v by_o the_o church_n and_o as_o procopius_n in_o his_o persian_a war_n observe_v though_o humane_a law_n do_v in_o other_o thing_n extreme_o differ_v one_o from_o another_o yet_o all_o nation_n as_o well_o romans_z as_o barbarian_n in_o this_o agree_v that_o child_n shall_v succeed_v to_o their_o parent_n as_o the_o right_a owner_n of_o what_o they_o leave_v again_o qui_fw-la formam_fw-la that_fw-mi that_fw-mi quae_fw-la ad_fw-la formam_fw-la sunt_fw-la necessaria_fw-la he_o that_o give_v the_o form_n give_v thing_n necessary_a to_o that_o form_n say_v aristotle_n therefore_o he_o that_o give_v man_n his_o existence_n aught_o as_o much_o as_o in_o he_o lie_v to_o provide_v for_o he_o all_o thing_n necessary_a for_o a_o natural_a and_o social_n life_n for_o hereunto_o he_o be_v bear_v there_o need_v no_o law_n to_o bind_v we_o to_o this_o duty_n for_o all_o other_o creature_n even_o by_o nature_n instinct_n do_v feed_v their_o young_a as_o pliny_n observe_v of_o swallow_n that_o with_o great_a equity_n they_o feed_v their_o little_a one_o by_o turn_n summa_fw-la aequitate_fw-la alternant_fw-la cibum_fw-la hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o ancient_a civilian_n do_v refer_v the_o education_n of_o child_n to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o euripides_n comprehend_v all_o creature_n under_o one_o and_o the_o same_o law_n which_o say_v he_o be_v common_a as_o well_o to_o man_n among_o themselves_o as_o to_o they_o with_o all_o other_o sensible_a creature_n for_o that_o which_o natural_a instinct_n commend_v to_o they_o the_o same_o do_v reason_n prescribe_v unto_o we_o of_o such_o force_n be_v natural_a affection_n that_o it_o easy_o persuade_v we_o to_o nourish_v our_o child_n say_v justinian_n nature_n be_v a_o indulgent_a mistress_n to_o all_o live_a creature_n equal_o instruct_v they_o how_o to_o conserve_v not_o only_a themselves_o but_o those_o that_o be_v bear_v of_o they_o that_o so_o by_o this_o successive_a charity_n she_o may_v aspire_v to_o make_v herself_o immortal_a quintilian_n bring_v in_o the_o son_n claim_v a_o portion_n of_o his_o father_n estate_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n pâ—to_fw-la partem_fw-la jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la pâ—to_fw-la and_o sallust_n condemn_v that_o testament_n as_o impious_a and_o unnatural_a by_o which_o the_o son_n be_v exclude_v from_o his_o part_n of_o the_o inheritance_n and_o because_o this_o be_v a_o debt_n that_o we_o owe_v to_o nature_n therefore_o be_v the_o mother_n bind_v to_o nourish_v the_o child_n that_o have_v no_o certain_a father_n bastard_n the_o roman_a law_n make_v no_o provision_n for_o bastard_n and_o though_o the_o roman_a law_n make_v no_o provision_n for_o child_n ex_fw-la damnato_fw-la legibus_fw-la concubitu_fw-la that_o be_v illegitimate_a and_o that_o by_o solon_n law_n it_o be_v provide_v that_o no_o man_n shall_v leave_v any_o thing_n to_o his_o natural_a issue_n yet_o do_v the_o canon_n of_o our_o religion_n correct_v the_o severity_n of_o these_o law_n by_o teach_v we_o that_o our_o child_n however_o beget_v by_o we_o shall_v be_v a_o part_n of_o our_o care_n and_o that_o in_o case_n it_o be_v needful_a they_o beyond_o necessary_n no_o man_n bind_v to_o provide_v for_o they_o we_o ought_v to_o leave_v they_o enough_o to_o preserve_v that_o life_n which_o we_o give_v they_o but_o beyond_o necessary_n be_v no_o man_n bind_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n to_o provide_v for_o they_o neither_o be_v we_o bind_v to_o nourish_v our_o son_n only_o but_o those_o also_o that_o proceed_v from_o they_o yea_o even_o to_o the_o three_o generation_n according_a to_o justinian_n and_o that_o for_o humanity_n sake_n neither_o shall_v our_o charity_n rest_n here_o but_o it_o shall_v extend_v itself_o even_o unto_o those_o who_o issue_n out_o of_o our_o loin_n and_o be_v bear_v unto_o we_o by_o strange_a woman_n if_o they_o can_v otherwise_o be_v maintain_v v._o in_o succession_n the_o child_n of_o the_o decease_a be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o their_o parent_n and_o why_o child_n ought_v also_o to_o nourish_v their_o parent_n not_o only_o in_o obedience_n to_o many_o wholesome_a law_n but_o in_o common_a gratitude_n like_o the_o stork_n who_o when_o their_o parent_n be_v spend_v with_o age_n feed_v they_o and_o be_v faint_a receive_v they_o on_o their_o back_n and_o carry_v they_o from_o place_n to_o place_n and_o therefore_o in_o foster_a those_z who_o when_o we_o be_v child_n foster_v we_o we_o be_v proverbial_o say_v to_o imitate_v the_o stork_n 8._o stork_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d reverence_n to_o parent_n and_o sustenance_n to_o child_n nic._n 8._o solon_n be_v high_o commend_v for_o set_v a_o brand_n of_o infamy_n upon_o those_o that_o do_v it_o not_o yet_o be_v not_o this_o so_o ordinary_a as_o that_o which_o we_o have_v say_v of_o child_n because_o child_n when_o they_o be_v bear_v bring_v nothing_o into_o the_o world_n with_o they_o whereby_o to_o live_v and_o have_v probable_o a_o long_a time_n to_o live_v here_o than_o their_o parent_n have_v and_o as_o honour_v and_o obedience_n be_v proper_o due_a to_o parent_n and_o not_o to_o child_n so_o be_v sustentation_n due_a rather_o to_o child_n than_o to_o parent_n and_o thus_o be_v lucian_n to_o be_v understand_v when_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o it_o be_v more_o agreeable_a to_o the_o dictate_v of_o nature_n for_o
they_o be_v leave_v forlorn_a and_o yet_o may_v those_o also_o be_v adopt_v son_n if_o the_o law_n forbid_v not_o as_o it_o be_v ancient_o permit_v among_o the_o roman_n by_o the_o law_n of_o anastasius_n but_o afterward_o in_o favour_n to_o lawful_a marriage_n there_o be_v a_o more_o difficult_a way_n find_v to_o make_v bastard_n equal_a to_o such_o as_o be_v legitimate_a namely_o by_o the_o free_a offer_n of_o the_o court_n when_o they_o say_v cause_n or_o by_o the_o subsequent_a marriage_n of_o the_o mother_n of_o the_o child_n thus_o do_v old_a jacob_n adopt_v his_o natural_a son_n s_o make_v they_o equal_a to_o his_o legitimate_a and_o give_v they_o equal_a share_n in_o his_o inheritance_n but_o the_o contrary_n may_v sometime_o happen_v not_o only_o by_o the_o prohibition_n of_o the_o law_n but_o even_o by_o agreement_n when_o it_o be_v agree_v on_o by_o both_o party_n before_o that_o they_o that_o be_v to_o be_v bear_v by_o that_o wedlock_n shall_v receive_v only_a aliment_n but_o no_o part_n of_o the_o ancient_a inheritance_n and_o such_o a_o marriage_n the_o hebrew_n call_v concubinary_a although_o make_v with_o a_o freewoman_n such_o be_v that_o of_o abraham_n with_o keturah_n call_v therefore_o his_o concubine_n gen._n 25.6_o who_o child_n together_o with_o ishmael_n the_o son_n of_o agar_n his_o bondmaid_n be_v say_v to_o have_v receive_v gift_n that_o be_v legacy_n but_o no_o part_n of_o the_o ancient_a inheritance_n so_o it_o be_v ancient_o among_o the_o mexican_n who_o give_v all_o to_o the_o elder_a son_n but_o nothing_o to_o the_o rest_n but_o sustenance_n only_o and_o not_o much_o better_a be_v second_o marriage_n in_o brabant_n where_o the_o child_n by_o the_o second_o venture_n have_v no_o propriety_n in_o the_o estate_n which_o the_o father_n hold_v at_o the_o death_n of_o his_o former_a wife_n the_o like_a law_n we_o find_v among_o the_o ancient_a burgundian_n ix_o if_o a_o man_n die_v childless_a and_o intestate_a to_o who_o shall_v the_o estate_n descend_v tribe_n the_o father_n estate_n to_o his_o relation_n the_o mother_n to_o she_o the_o ancient_a estate_n to_o be_v continue_v in_o the_o same_o tribe_n if_o a_o man_n die_v childless_a and_o withal_o intestate_a on_o who_o the_o succession_n shall_v descend_v be_v not_o easy_o to_o be_v determine_v there_o be_v no_o one_o thing_n wherein_o the_o law_n do_v more_o differ_v all_o which_o difference_n may_v notwithstanding_o be_v reduce_v under_o two_o head_n whereof_o the_o one_o have_v respect_n to_o the_o near_a of_o kin_n the_o other_o to_o the_o several_a spring-head_n from_o whence_o it_o descend_v that_o which_o come_v by_o the_o father_n to_o his_o relation_n and_o that_o which_o come_v by_o the_o mother_n to_o she_o but_o here_o we_o must_v distinguish_v between_o the_o ancient_a inheritance_n and_o that_o late_o purchase_v that_o of_o plato_n must_v be_v understand_v of_o the_o former_a ego_fw-la legum_n conditor_fw-la etc._n etc._n i_o be_v a_o law_n giver_n say_v he_o do_v ordain_v that_o neither_o your_o person_n nor_o patrimonial_a estate_n be_v in_o your_o own_o power_n full_o but_o your_o stock_n and_o lineage_n have_v a_o right_a thereunto_o as_o well_o they_o that_o now_o be_v as_o they_o that_o be_v to_o come_v whereby_o it_o seem_v that_o plato_n will_v have_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o ancient_a inheritance_n preserve_v entire_a for_o that_o tribe_n or_o kindred_n by_o which_o it_o come_v which_o i_o will_v not_o have_v so_o to_o be_v understand_v as_o though_o it_o be_v not_o natural_o lawful_a to_o dispose_v of_o any_o good_n that_o descend_v unto_o we_o from_o either_o parent_n or_o ancestor_n otherwise_o for_o sometime_o to_o relieve_v the_o want_n of_o a_o friend_n who_o have_v well_o deserve_v of_o we_o be_v not_o only_o commendable_a but_o necessary_a but_o that_o in_o a_o case_n ambiguous_a it_o may_v appear_v what_o we_o ought_v to_o believe_v the_o will_n of_o the_o intestate_a be_v for_o we_o take_v it_o as_o grant_v that_o he_o that_o die_v have_v at_o his_o death_n a_o full_a right_o to_o dispose_v of_o his_o estate_n but_o since_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o he_o to_o retain_v this_o right_n be_v dead_a and_o that_o it_o may_v be_v presume_v that_o he_o will_v not_o altogether_o lose_v that_o right_n whereby_o he_o may_v gratify_v his_o friend_n it_o concern_v we_o to_o inquire_v in_o what_o order_n this_o benefit_n shall_v natural_o descend_v wherein_o that_o of_o aristotle_n be_v most_o rational_a potius_fw-la est_fw-la gratiam_fw-la referri_fw-la ei_fw-la qui_fw-la benefecit_fw-la quam_fw-la amico_fw-la confer_v beneficium_fw-la that_o it_o be_v better_a to_o return_v thanks_o to_o our_o benefactor_n than_o to_o oblige_v new_a friend_n for_o as_o cicero_n say_v true_o there_o be_v no_o duty_n so_o necessary_a as_o that_o of_o gratitude_n oblige_v our_o benefactor_n be_v first_o to_o be_v gratify_v and_o then_o our_o friend_n oblige_v for_o since_o liberality_n have_v but_o two_o branch_n whereof_o one_o be_v to_o do_v good_a the_o other_o to_o repay_v good_a the_o former_a we_o may_v do_v if_o we_o will_v but_o the_o latter_a we_o must_v do_v if_o we_o will_v be_v honest_a and_o can_v do_v it_o without_o injure_v any_o so_o st._n ambrose_n it_o become_v every_o man_n to_o have_v a_o great_a respect_n unto_o he_o from_o who_o we_o have_v receive_v a_o courtesy_n than_o unto_o other_o and_o present_o after_o what_o can_v be_v more_o against_o our_o duty_n than_o not_o to_o return_v what_o we_o have_v receive_v now_o our_o gratitude_n be_v express_v either_o to_o the_o live_n or_o 〈◊〉_d the_o dead_a as_o lisias_n observe_v in_o his_o funeral_n oration_n it_o be_v show_v in_o do_v good_a to_o their_o child_n be_v natural_o the_o survive_a part_n of_o they_o and_o unto_o who_o their_o parent_n if_o live_v will_v have_v be_v most_o beneficent_a in_o i_o confere_n quicquid_fw-la in_o liberos_fw-la meos_fw-la contuleris_fw-la say_v the_o fisherman_n in_o procopius_n 1._o procop._n pers_n 1._o who_o be_v about_o to_o adventure_v his_o life_n against_o a_o dogfish_n to_o gain_v a_o very_a great_a pearl_n for_o the_o emperor_n cosroe_n that_o be_v the_o best_a gratitude_n that_o be_v show_v to_o the_o dead_a for_o what_o o_o emperor_n thou_o shall_v confer_v on_o my_o child_n if_o i_o perish_v thou_o bestow_v upon_o i_o and_o according_a to_o this_o rule_n do_v they_o walk_v who_o frame_v the_o justinian_n law_n in_o that_o question_n concern_v whole_a and_o half_a brother_n and_o in_o that_o concern_v cousin_n in_o blood_n and_o in_o some_o other_o brother_n say_v aristotle_n do_v love_n each_o other_o be_v bear_v of_o the_o same_o parent_n ortus_fw-la communis_fw-la ipsos_fw-la quasi_fw-la eosdem_fw-la facit_fw-la one_o common_a blood_n whereof_o they_o be_v make_v make_v they_o almost_o one_o and_o the_o same_o whence_o frater_fw-la be_v quasi_fw-la fere_n alter_fw-la a_o brother_n be_v but_o almost_o another_o or_o as_o one_o cast_v in_o the_o same_o mould_n for_o as_o the_o high_a bond_n of_o love_n be_v deserve_o that_o which_o child_n owe_v their_o parent_n 5._o val._n max._n lib._n 5._o c._n 5._o from_o who_o they_o receive_v the_o most_o and_o the_o great_a benefit_n as_o their_o life_n and_o livelihood_n so_o the_o next_o be_v that_o of_o brethren_n to_o each_o other_o as_o have_v receive_v the_o same_o benefit_n together_o from_o the_o same_o parent_n and_o therefore_o for_o brethren_n die_v childless_a and_o intestate_a to_o succeed_v one_o another_o be_v according_a to_o justin_n the_o common_a right_n of_o nation_n but_o in_o case_n he_o from_o who_o the_o good_n last_v descend_v be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v nor_o any_o of_o his_o child_n it_o remain_v that_o the_o thanks_o be_v pay_v to_o they_o to_o who_o though_o not_o so_o much_o yet_o next_o after_o he_o they_o be_v notwithstanding_o due_a namely_o to_o the_o parent_n of_o the_o next_o degree_n above_o he_o and_o to_o his_o child_n especial_o see_v by_o this_o mean_v it_o may_v be_v continue_v between_o the_o kinsman_n both_o of_o he_o who_o inheritance_n it_o be_v and_o of_o he_o from_o who_o the_o say_v good_n first_o descend_v so_o the_o same_o aristotle_n cousin_n germane_a and_o the_o rest_n of_o our_o kinsfolk_n be_v link_v together_o by_o their_o parent_n as_o be_v bear_v of_o one_o common_a stock_n yet_o so_o as_o some_o be_v more_o near_o ally_v than_o other_o according_a to_o their_o respective_a birth_n thus_o by_o the_o law_n of_o moses_n the_o uncle_n succeed_v after_o the_o brother_n as_o be_v near_o unto_o the_o first_o owner_n than_o the_o brother_n child_n numb_a 27.10_o 11._o x._o a_o estate_n late_o gain_v to_o the_o next_o of_o kin_n but_o as_o to_o that_o part_n of_o the_o estate_n that_o be_v but_o late_o acquire_v because_o there_o lie_v no_o obligation_n of_o thankfulness_n
cepheus_n have_v no_o male_a child_n 4._o lib._n 4._o and_o diodorus_n assign_v the_o same_o reason_n why_o teuthras_n leave_v the_o kingdom_n of_o misia_n unto_o his_o daughter_n argiope_n because_o as_o to_o male_a issue_n he_o be_v childless_a and_o justin_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o empire_n of_o the_o mede_n do_v of_o right_o belong_v to_o the_o daughter_n of_o astyages_n because_o astyages_n have_v not_o son_n so_o do_v cyaxares_n in_o xenophon_n declare_v his_o daughter_n heiress_n to_o the_o median_a empire_n for_o say_v he_o i_o have_v no_o son_n that_o be_v legitimate_a so_o virgil_n concern_v king_n latinus_n he_o have_v no_o son_n no_o issue_n male_a be_v leave_v in_o prime_a of_o youth_n both_o be_v of_o life_n bereave_v and_o by_o one_o daughter_n this_o vast_a state_n possess_v homer_n discourse_v of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o crete_n n._n iliad_n n._n do_v very_o wise_o assign_v the_o reason_n why_o in_o succession_n the_o elder_a be_v common_o prefer_v before_o the_o young_a namely_o first_o for_o their_o priority_n of_o age_n 2._o lib._n 2._o and_o second_o for_o their_o great_a knowledge_n and_o experience_n zozimus_n also_o mention_n a_o persian_a law_n which_o give_v their_o empire_n to_o their_o king_n elder_a son_n thus_o do_v periander_n succeed_v his_o father_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o corinth_n by_o order_n of_o birth_n as_o damascene_fw-la testify_v whence_o we_o be_v give_v to_o understand_v that_o although_o the_o child_n of_o decease_a parent_n in_o some_o degree_n from_o they_o may_v succeed_v in_o the_o room_n of_o their_o parent_n yet_o be_v it_o to_o be_v understand_v with_o this_o proviso_n that_o they_o be_v as_o capable_a as_o the_o rest_n which_o bastard_n be_v not_o provide_v also_o that_o of_o such_o as_o be_v capable_a regard_v be_v have_v first_o to_o their_o sex_n and_o then_o to_o their_o age_n for_o the_o quality_n of_o sex_n and_o age_n as_o they_o be_v in_o this_o case_n by_o the_o people_n consider_v be_v so_o adherent_a to_o their_o person_n that_o they_o can_v be_v pluck_v asunder_o xix_o whether_o such_o a_o kingdom_n be_v part_n of_o a_o inheritance_n but_o here_o it_o may_v be_v demand_v whether_o a_o kingdom_n thus_o convey_v be_v a_o part_n of_o a_o inheritance_n whereunto_o the_o most_o probable_a answer_n be_v that_o it_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o a_o inheritance_n yet_o separate_v from_o that_o of_o other_o good_n and_o therefore_o innocent_a the_o three_o thought_n that_o the_o succession_n to_o such_o a_o kingdom_n may_v be_v lose_v if_o he_o who_o be_v to_o succeed_v do_v not_o fulfil_v the_o last_o will_n of_o the_o decease_a such_o peculiar_a and_o separate_a inheritance_n we_o may_v see_v in_o some_o fee-farm_n and_o copyhold_n give_v fee-farm_n and_o copy-holds_a why_o first_o give_v which_o be_v original_o give_v for_o the_o meliorate_n of_o land_n barren_a and_o desert_a under_o some_o small_a rent_n which_o be_v not_o to_o return_v back_o to_o the_o donor_n the_o like_a may_v be_v see_v in_o the_o right_n of_o patronage_n and_o royalty_n whence_o it_o follow_v that_o a_o kingdom_n may_v belong_v to_o he_o who_o if_o he_o will_v may_v be_v heir_n to_o the_o good_n yet_o so_o that_o if_o he_o will_v he_o may_v also_o enjoy_v the_o kingdom_n and_o not_o inherit_v the_o good_n nor_o subject_n himself_o to_o the_o charge_n that_o attend_v they_o now_o the_o reason_n hereof_o be_v because_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o kingdom_n by_o the_o people_n consent_n shall_v be_v settle_v on_o the_o king_n hereditary_a why_o the_o people_n will_v have_v their_o kingdom_n hereditary_a in_o the_o best_a manner_n of_o right_n that_o can_v be_v neither_o do_v they_o much_o regard_n whether_o he_o will_v accept_v of_o the_o inheritance_n or_o not_o since_o it_o be_v not_o for_o this_o that_o they_o make_v choice_n of_o a_o hereditary_a order_n but_o that_o the_o title_n to_o the_o kingdom_n may_v be_v clear_a and_o that_o their_o king_n be_v extract_v from_o a_o royal_a stem_n may_v attract_v the_o more_o reverence_n from_o the_o people_n who_o be_v apt_a from_o their_o high_a birth_n and_o princely_a education_n to_o conceive_v the_o great_a hope_n of_o their_o heroic_a virtue_n and_o that_o the_o prince_n in_o possession_n may_v receive_v the_o great_a encouragement_n to_o be_v careful_a of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o with_o the_o great_a courage_n and_o magnanimity_n to_o defend_v it_o as_o know_v that_o he_o be_v to_o leave_v it_o to_o such_o as_o be_v either_o in_o gratitude_n or_o love_n most_o endear_v unto_o he_o xx._n the_o succession_n to_o kingdom_n be_v the_o same_o as_o that_o to_o other_o estate_n whether_o absolute_a but_o where_o the_o custom_n of_o succession_n to_o land_n absolute_o free_a and_o to_o land_n hold_v from_o another_o be_v diverse_a if_o the_o kingdom_n be_v not_o hold_v of_o another_o or_o be_v not_o at_o first_o certain_o hold_v although_o it_o do_v appear_v that_o homage_n have_v be_v since_o do_v for_o it_o yet_o shall_v the_o succession_n by_o the_o law_n go_v in_o such_o manner_n as_o the_o succession_n of_o freehold_n land_n go_v at_o such_o time_n when_o that_o kingdom_n be_v at_o the_o first_o institute_v xxi_o or_o hold_v from_o another_o but_o in_o such_o kingdom_n as_o be_v at_o first_o give_v to_o be_v hold_v from_o another_o as_o be_v the_o chief_a lord_n of_o it_o the_o manner_n of_o succession_n shall_v by_o the_o law_n be_v such_o as_o the_o succession_n to_o land_n hold_v in_o fee-farm_n within_o that_o kingdom_n be_v at_o such_o time_n as_o the_o investiture_n into_o that_o kingdom_n be_v at_o first_o give_v and_o that_o not_o always_o according_a to_o that_o law_n of_o the_o lumbards_n which_o we_o have_v prescribe_v for_o the_o goth_n vandal_n almain_n french_a burgundian_n english_a saxon_n and_o all_o the_o german_a nation_n which_o have_v by_o war_n possess_v themselves_o of_o the_o best_a part_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n have_v every_o one_o of_o they_o their_o own_o law_n and_o custom_n concern_v thing_n hold_v in_o fee_n as_o well_o as_o the_o lumbards_n xxii_o of_o a_o lineal_a cognatical_a succession_n and_o what_o manner_n of_o transmission_n of_o right_n be_v therein_o but_o there_o be_v another_o kind_n of_o succession_n much_o use_v in_o some_o kingdom_n not_o hereditary_a but_o as_o they_o call_v it_o lineal_a wherein_o be_v observe_v not_o that_o right_n which_o be_v call_v representative_a but_o a_o right_a to_o transmit_v the_o future_a succession_n as_o though_o it_o be_v already_o convey_v the_o law_n namely_o out_o of_o a_o hope_n which_o natural_o and_o of_o itself_o work_v nothing_o raise_v a_o certain_a true_a right_n namely_o such_o a_o right_a as_o arise_v from_o a_o conditional_a stipulation_n which_o at_o present_a give_v only_o a_o hope_n that_o it_o will_v be_v due_a which_o very_o hope_v they_o transmit_v unto_o the_o child_n spring_v from_o the_o loin_n of_o the_o first_o king_n but_o in_o a_o order_n that_o be_v certain_a so_o that_o in_o the_o first_o place_n the_o child_n of_o the_o last_o possessor_n of_o the_o first_o degree_n as_o well_o of_o those_o that_o live_v as_o of_o those_o that_o be_v dead_a be_v to_o be_v admit_v with_o regard_n have_v as_o well_o among_o the_o live_n as_o the_o dead_a to_o the_o sex_n first_o and_o then_o to_o the_o age._n but_o if_o this_o right_n descend_v on_o the_o decease_a than_o this_o right_n shall_v pass_v to_o such_o as_o be_v descend_v from_o they_o amongst_a equal_n always_o observe_v the_o like_a prerogative_n of_o sex_n and_o then_o of_o age_n and_o the_o transmit_v of_o the_o right_n of_o the_o dead_a upon_o the_o live_n and_o of_o the_o live_n upon_o the_o dead_a and_o in_o case_n their_o child_n fail_v it_o descend_v unto_o those_o who_o be_v succession_n cognatical_a succession_n or_o if_o they_o live_v shall_v have_v be_v by_o the_o like_a transmission_n next_o unto_o he_o the_o same_o distinction_n of_o sex_n and_o age_n among_o equal_n be_v always_o observe_v in_o the_o first_o line_n so_o that_o no_o transition_n by_o reason_n of_o sex_n or_o age_n shall_v be_v make_v from_o one_o line_n to_o another_o so_o long_o as_o any_o remain_n of_o the_o first_o line_n of_o what_o sex_n or_o age_n soever_o and_o consequent_o the_o daughter_n of_o a_o son_n shall_v be_v prefer_v before_o the_o son_n of_o a_o daughter_n and_o the_o daughter_n of_o a_o brother_n 4._o see_v argentraeus_fw-la in_o his_o british_a history_n l._n 6._o c._n 4._o before_o the_o son_n of_o a_o sister_n so_o the_o son_n of_o a_o elder_a brother_n before_o the_o young_a brother_n this_o be_v the_o order_n of_o succession_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o castille_n and_o of_o norway_n as_o pontanus_n testify_v in_o his_o danish_a history_n and_o such_o be_v the_o succession_n in_o many_o dutchy_n county_n and_o
before_o blanch_n the_o elder_a sister_n of_o the_o same_o king_n but_o this_o as_o mariana_z note_n be_v do_v in_o hatred_n to_o the_o house_n of_o france_n into_o which_o blanch_n marry_v â—xxv_n the_o niece_n from_o the_o elder_a son_n prefer_v before_o the_o young_a son_n that_o which_o he_o add_v as_o seem_v to_o he_o most_o probable_a namely_o that_o the_o niece_n from_o the_o elder_a son_n exclude_v the_o young_a son_n can_v hold_v in_o hereditary_a kingdom_n although_o representative_a succession_n be_v there_o in_o force_n for_o that_o give_v only_o a_o capacity_n to_o succeed_v but_o of_o those_o that_o be_v capable_a regard_n be_v to_o be_v have_v to_o the_o privilege_n of_o the_o sex_n xxxvi_o the_o sister_n son_n prefer_v before_o the_o brother_n daughter_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o arragon_n the_o sister_n son_n be_v prefer_v before_o the_o brother_n daughter_n and_o as_o mariana_n observe_v it_o be_v credible_a that_o in_o that_o kingdom_n in_o time_n long_o since_o past_a the_o king_n brother_n and_o not_o his_o daughter_n have_v the_o right_n of_o succession_n but_o afterward_o they_o be_v so_o well_o please_v with_o a_o lineal_a succession_n that_o they_o prefer_v the_o sister_n son_n before_o those_o that_o in_o a_o more_o remote_a degree_n descend_v from_o the_o brother_n and_o in_o another_o place_n speak_v of_o alphonsus_n he_o say_v that_o unto_o the_o inheritance_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o arragon_n after_o his_o son_n ferdinando_n he_o appoint_v his_o nephew_n by_o his_o son_n and_o for_o want_v of_o such_o than_o the_o nephew_n by_o his_o own_o daughter_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o daughter_n of_o the_o say_v ferdinando_n whereunto_o he_o add_v sic_fw-la saepe_fw-la ad_fw-la arbitrium_fw-la regum_fw-la jura_fw-la regnandi_fw-la commutantur_fw-la they_o be_v title_n to_o kingdom_n ofttimes_o fan_v about_o by_o the_o breath_n of_o king_n xxxvii_o whether_o the_o daughter_n of_o the_o elder_a brother_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o young_a brother_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n in_o kingdom_n that_o be_v hereditary_a the_o daughter_n of_o the_o elder_a son_n shall_v give_v place_n to_o the_o king_n young_a brother_n chap._n viii_o of_o dominion_n vulgar_o say_v to_o be_v acquire_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n i._o many_o thing_n be_v attribute_v to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n which_o to_o speak_v proper_o be_v not_o thereby_o due_a ii_o fish_n and_o deer_n in_o pond_n and_o park_n be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n hold_v in_o propriety_n contrary_a to_o what_o the_o roman_a law_n deliver_v unto_o we_o iii_o that_o wild_a beast_n stray_v out_o of_o enclosure_n cease_v not_o to_o be_v the_o first_o owner_n if_o they_o may_v be_v know_v iv_o whether_o the_o possession_n of_o they_o may_v be_v gain_v by_o instrument_n as_o by_o net_n and_o how_o v._o that_o such_o wild_a beast_n shall_v be_v the_o king_n be_v not_o contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n vi_o how_o the_o possession_n of_o such_o thing_n as_o have_v no_o owner_n may_v be_v gain_v vii_o money_n find_v who_o it_o be_v natural_o and_o of_o the_o diversity_n of_o law_n about_o this_o viii_o that_o those_o thing_n which_o by_o the_o roman_a law_n be_v deliver_v unto_o we_o concern_v island_n and_o increment_n be_v neither_o natural_a nor_o from_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n ix_o that_o naturally_n island_n in_o river_n and_o the_o channel_n be_v dry_v up_o be_v they_o who_o the_o river_n or_o that_o part_n of_o the_o river_n be_v that_o be_v the_o people_n x._o that_o natural_o the_o propriety_n of_o a_o ground_n be_v not_o lose_v by_o a_o inundation_n xi_o that_o increment_n if_o in_o doubt_n be_v the_o people_n xii_o but_o they_o seem_v to_o be_v grant_v unto_o those_o who_o ground_n have_v no_o other_o bound_n but_o the_o river_n xiii_o the_o same_o may_v be_v presume_v concern_v whatsoever_o the_o stream_n leave_v dry_a fourteen_o what_o be_v to_o be_v account_v a_o increment_n and_o what_o a_o island_n xv._o when_o the_o increment_n belong_v unto_o vassal_n xvi_o the_o argument_n whereby_o the_o roman_n will_v prove_v their_o law_n to_o be_v as_o it_o be_v natural_a answer_v xvii_o that_o a_o way_n be_v natural_o a_o impediment_n to_o increment_n xviii_o that_o it_o be_v not_o natural_a that_o the_o child_n shall_v follow_v the_o condition_n of_o the_o mother_n only_o xix_o that_o natural_o a_o thing_n may_v be_v make_v common_a as_o well_o by_o give_v a_o form_n to_o another_o man_n matter_n as_o by_o confusion_n xx._n yea_o though_o that_o matter_n be_v ill_o wrought_v xxi_o it_o be_v not_o natural_a that_o the_o lesser_a part_n shall_v yield_v to_o the_o great_a by_o reason_n of_o its_o prevalence_n where_o also_o be_v observe_v other_o error_n of_o the_o roman_a lawyer_n xxii_o natural_o by_o plant_v sow_v or_o build_v upon_o another_o ground_n there_o arise_v a_o community_n to_o both_o in_o the_o fruit_n perceive_v xxiii_o he_o that_o sow_v another_o ground_n by_o mistake_n may_v require_v his_o charge_n but_o not_o the_o fruit_n xxiv_o yea_o though_o he_o do_v it_o know_o xxv_o that_o natural_o tradition_n be_v not_o necessary_a to_o transfer_v dominion_n xxvi_o the_o use_n of_o what_o have_v hitherto_o be_v say_v i._o that_o many_o thing_n be_v say_v to_o belong_v to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n that_o proper_o do_v not_o now_o our_o method_n lead_v we_o to_o treat_v of_o that_o dominion_n which_o be_v vulgar_o say_v to_o be_v acquire_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n which_o be_v distinct_a from_o that_o gain_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n we_o have_v therefore_o term_v the_o voluntary_a law_n of_o nation_n such_o be_v that_o dominion_n which_o be_v get_v by_o the_o right_n of_o war_n but_o of_o this_o we_o shall_v discourse_v better_o hereafter_o where_o the_o effect_n of_o war_n shall_v be_v explain_v the_o roman_a lawyer_n where_o they_o treat_v of_o the_o gain_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o thing_n do_v reckon_v up_o many_o way_n whereby_o it_o may_v be_v acquire_v which_o they_o seem_v to_o justify_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n but_o to_o he_o that_o diligent_o examine_v they_o there_o be_v hardly_o any_o except_o that_o gain_v by_o war_n that_o will_v appear_v to_o be_v gain_v by_o that_o law_n of_o nation_n whereof_o we_o now_o speak_v but_o be_v either_o such_o as_o be_v to_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n not_o that_o which_o be_v mere_o so_o yet_o to_o that_o which_o follow_v close_o upon_o it_o dominion_n be_v first_o introduce_v and_o so_o antecede_v all_o civil_a law_n or_o they_o be_v such_o as_o may_v be_v refer_v to_o the_o very_a civil_a law_n not_o that_o of_o the_o sole_a people_n of_o rome_n but_o of_o many_o other_o nation_n which_o i_o rather_o believe_v because_o this_o civil_a law_n or_o custom_n come_v original_o from_o the_o greek_n who_o institutes_n as_o dionysius_n halicarnassensis_n observe_v with_o some_o other_o all_o italy_n and_o some_o other_o adjoin_v nation_n follow_v but_o this_o be_v not_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n proper_o so_o call_v for_o it_o serve_v not_o to_o conglutinate_v all_o nation_n mutual_o among_o themselves_o but_o rather_o to_o preserve_v peace_n and_o tranquillity_n between_o the_o subject_n of_o every_o nation_n and_o be_v therefore_o alterable_a by_o any_o one_o people_n without_o consult_v the_o rest_n so_o that_o it_o may_v also_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o in_o other_o place_n and_o in_o other_o age_n a_o far_o different_a common_a custom_n and_o so_o another_o law_n of_o nation_n improper_o so_o call_v may_v be_v introduce_v which_o we_o have_v find_v real_o do_v as_o soon_o as_o the_o german_a nation_n have_v invade_v all_o europe_n for_o as_o of_o old_a the_o grecian_a law_n so_o then_o the_o german_n be_v almost_o every_o where_o receive_v and_o do_v as_o yet_o flourish_v the_o first_o way_n of_o gain_v dominion_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n as_o the_o roman_n call_v it_o be_v by_o the_o primary_n seizure_n or_o occupancy_n of_o such_o thing_n as_o have_v no_o owner_n which_o without_o doubt_n be_v natural_a in_o that_o sense_n which_o i_o have_v declare_v that_o be_v dominion_n be_v first_o introduce_v and_o so_o long_o as_o no_o law_n do_v otherwise_o determine_v for_o dominion_n may_v also_o be_v gain_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n ii_o as_o fish_n in_o pond_n deer_n in_o park_n and_o hitherto_o in_o the_o first_o place_n we_o may_v refer_v the_o take_n of_o wild_a beast_n bird_n and_o fish_n but_o how_o all_o these_o may_v be_v say_v to_o belong_v to_o none_o will_v afford_v matter_n of_o debate_n nerva_n the_o son_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o fish_n if_o in_o a_o pond_n be_v possess_v but_o not_o in_o a_o great_a lake_n and_o that_o wild_a beast_n if_o in_o a_o park_n or_o
own_o viii_o of_o island_n and_o inundation_n let_v we_o now_o proceed_v to_o inundation_n or_o increment_n by_o river_n whereof_o the_o ancient_a lawyer_n have_v write_v much_o but_o the_o modern_a whole_a commentary_n but_o what_o they_o have_v write_v be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n ground_v not_o on_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n but_o on_o the_o law_n of_o some_o nation_n though_o to_o gain_v the_o great_a authority_n they_o ofttimes_o put_v they_o off_o under_o that_o name_n most_o of_o their_o determination_n be_v build_v upon_o this_o foundation_n that_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n be_v his_o who_o possess_v the_o adjoin_a soil_n and_o that_o the_o channel_n as_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v forsake_v by_o the_o water_n be_v his_o also_o and_o consequent_o those_o island_n which_o be_v cast_v up_o in_o the_o river_n there_o they_o distinguish_v of_o inundation_n a_o small_a one_o alter_v not_o the_o property_n of_o the_o ground_n but_o a_o great_a one_o do_v yet_o so_o that_o if_o it_o come_v by_o reason_n of_o some_o sudden_a and_o violent_a force_n of_o water_n and_o so_o recede_v the_o ground_n overflow_v shall_v upon_o the_o return_n of_o the_o water_n as_o if_o by_o postliminy_n remain_v to_o its_o right_a owner_n but_o if_o by_o a_o continual_a beat_n upon_o it_o it_o wash_v it_o away_o by_o degree_n it_o be_v lose_v for_o ever_o now_o that_o all_o these_o may_v be_v introduce_v by_o some_o law_n to_o make_v man_n more_o careful_o to_o defend_v their_o own_o bank_n i_o deny_v not_o but_o that_o they_o be_v so_o by_o a_o natural_a right_n as_o they_o will_v have_v it_o i_o can_v grant_v ix_o who_o be_v they_o be_v natural_o end_n see_v above_o ch_n 3._o towards_o the_o end_n for_o if_o we_o respect_v that_o which_o most_o happen_v the_o soil_n be_v first_o possess_v by_o the_o people_n and_o that_o not_o only_o under_o a_o sovereign_a power_n or_o empire_n but_o under_o dominion_n also_o before_o the_o field_n be_v distribute_v among_o private_a person_n the_o boundary_n of_o the_o athenian_n or_o campagnes_n say_v seneca_n be_v those_o whereby_o their_o field_n which_o before_o lay_v in_o common_a be_v by_o private_a agreement_n between_o themselves_o and_o their_o neighbour_n distinguish_v so_o also_o cicero_n privata_fw-la natura_fw-la nulla_fw-la sunt_fw-la 1._o de_fw-fr benef_fw-fr l._n 7._o c._n 4._o de_fw-fr off._n lib._n 1._o there_o be_v nothing_o natural_o private_a but_o either_o by_o primary_n possession_n as_o they_o that_o first_o set_v foot_v in_o a_o place_n that_o be_v desert_a or_o that_o which_o come_v by_o conquest_n or_o by_o law_n consent_n condition_n or_o by_o lot_n whereby_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o field_n about_o arpinum_n be_v say_v to_o belong_v to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o arpinum_n and_o the_o field_n of_o tusculum_n to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o tusculum_n and_o thus_o be_v every_o private_a man_n estate_n describe_v rhodiaca_n or._n rhodiaca_n so_o dion_n prusaensis_n there_o be_v many_o thing_n which_o a_o city_n in_o general_n challenge_v as_o her_o own_o though_o they_o be_v divide_v by_o parcel_n among_o private_a lord_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n speak_v tacitus_n of_o the_o german_n that_o their_o field_n be_v first_o occupy_v by_o the_o people_n in_o common_a by_o village_n according_a to_o the_o number_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o afterward_o distribute_v among_o themselves_o according_a to_o every_o man_n reputation_n and_o dignity_n wherefore_o whatsoever_o be_v thus_o original_o possess_v by_o the_o people_n and_o never_o afterward_o distribute_v do_v as_o yet_o proper_o belong_v unto_o the_o people_n and_o as_o in_o private_a river_n those_o island_n which_o the_o water_n cast_v up_o and_o that_o part_n of_o the_o channel_n which_o the_o water_n forsake_v be_v proper_o his_o who_o own_v the_o river_n so_o in_o public_a be_v both_o of_o they_o the_o people_n or_o he_o to_o who_o the_o people_n have_v give_v they_o now_o what_o be_v here_o say_v concern_v the_o channel_n may_v also_o be_v say_v of_o the_o bank_n which_o be_v but_o the_o extreme_a part_n of_o the_o channel_n wherein_o the_o river_n natural_o run_v and_o thus_o it_o be_v every_o where_o take_v in_o holland_n and_o the_o country_n adjacent_a many_o such_o dispute_n do_v ancient_o arise_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o lowness_n of_o the_o ground_n the_o greatness_n of_o their_o river_n and_o their_o nearness_n to_o the_o sea_n receive_v and_o cast_v up_o by_o alternate_a tide_n mud_n and_o sand_n those_o that_o be_v island_n true_o so_o call_v be_v always_o adjudge_v to_o be_v part_n of_o the_o people_n patrimony_n as_o also_o the_o whole_a channel_n of_o the_o rhine_n and_o of_o the_o maze_n which_o the_o water_n have_v leave_v as_o it_o have_v be_v frequent_o determine_v and_o with_o very_o good_a reason_n for_o as_o the_o roman_a lawyer_n themselves_o do_v grant_v 95._o of_o float_v island_n see_v sen_n his_o nat._n quest_n lib._n 3._o c._n 25._o pliny_n lib._n 2._o c._n 95._o that_o the_o island_n which_o float_v in_o a_o river_n be_v uphold_v by_o the_o young_a sprout_n that_o grow_v in_o it_o of_o right_a belong_v to_o the_o commonwealth_n because_o cujus_fw-la juris_fw-la est_fw-la flumen_fw-la ejus_fw-la est_fw-la &_o insula_fw-la in_o flumine_fw-la nata_fw-la who_o the_o river_n be_v he_o be_v the_o island_n that_o be_v in_o it_o and_o sure_o there_o be_v the_o same_o reason_n for_o a_o river_n as_o for_o the_o channel_n wherein_o it_o run_v not_o for_o the_o reason_n which_o they_o bring_v namely_o because_o the_o channel_n be_v cover_v by_o the_o river_n but_o for_o the_o reason_n aforesaid_a because_o it_o be_v original_o possess_v with_o the_o river_n and_o be_v never_o since_o transfer_v into_o any_o private_a man_n dominion_n neither_o can_v we_o admit_v of_o that_o as_o true_a natural_o which_o they_o aver_v that_o if_o the_o field_n be_v bound_v the_o island_n be_v the_o first_o occupant_n for_o that_o indeed_o be_v true_a in_o case_n that_o neither_o the_o river_n nor_o with_o it_o the_o channel_n be_v at_o all_o possess_v by_o the_o people_n for_o than_o they_o be_v like_o those_o island_n which_o be_v raise_v in_o the_o sea_n his_o only_a that_o do_v first_o seize_v they_o x._o that_o natural_o the_o land_n be_v not_o lose_v because_o drown_v neither_o be_v that_o more_o to_o be_v admit_v which_o they_o write_v of_o a_o great_a inundation_n namely_o that_o it_o give_v away_o the_o property_n of_o the_o land_n overflow_v if_o we_o respect_v only_o natural_a reason_n for_o admit_v we_o do_v grant_v that_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o land_n may_v be_v dissolve_v into_o sand_n yet_o do_v the_o low_a part_n thereof_o remain_v firm_a and_o solid_a and_o though_o somewhat_o of_o the_o quantity_n be_v change_v yet_o be_v not_o the_o substance_n change_v at_o all_o no_o more_o than_o that_o part_n of_o a_o field_n be_v which_o be_v devour_v by_o some_o lake_n the_o property_n whereof_o as_o the_o roman_a lawyer_n themselves_o do_v right_o acknowledge_v do_v still_o remain_v neither_o be_v that_o natural_a that_o they_o write_v that_o a_o inundation_n perform_v the_o office_n of_o a_o judge_n or_o censor_n make_v that_o private_a which_o be_v public_a and_o that_o public_a which_o before_o be_v private_a as_o cassiodore_n speak_v of_o a_o surveyor_n more_o vastissimi_fw-la fluminis_fw-la aliis_fw-la spatia_fw-la tollit_fw-la aliis_fw-la concedit_fw-la that_o he_o be_v like_o a_o great_a river_n take_v away_o from_o some_o that_o which_o of_o right_n be_v they_o and_o give_v unto_o other_o that_o wherein_o they_o have_v no_o right_n much_o better_o be_v it_o to_o follow_v that_o which_o strabo_n report_v of_o the_o egyptian_n to_o take_v a_o exact_a survey_n of_o the_o field_n and_o so_o divide_v unto_o every_o man_n his_o own_o by_o admeasurement_n because_o the_o river_n nilus_n by_o her_o frequent_a flood_n and_o rapid_a stream_n add_v here_o and_o take_v away_o there_o and_o change_v the_o form_n and_o mark_n of_o the_o field_n do_v so_o confound_v their_o bound_n and_o limit_n that_o it_o be_v hard_o for_o a_o man_n to_o distinguish_v between_o his_o own_o and_o another_o man_n therefore_o be_v field_n to_o be_v often_o survey_v whereunto_o agree_v that_o tradition_n of_o the_o roman_a lawyer_n quod_fw-la nostrum_fw-la est_fw-la nostrum_fw-la esse_fw-la non_fw-la desinit_fw-la nisi_fw-la facto_fw-la nostro_fw-la that_o which_o be_v we_o cease_v not_o to_o be_v we_o without_o our_o own_o fact_n or_o by_o some_o law_n do_v where_o the_o invudation_n be_v very_o great_a and_o no_o visible_a sign_n that_o the_o owner_n endeavour_v to_o recover_v what_o be_v to_o be_v do_v now_o under_o thing_n do_v be_v moral_o comprehend_v thing_n leave_v undo_v as_o we_o have_v say_v already_o that_o be_v to_o say_v so_o far_o forth_o as_o we_o may_v thereby_o guess_v at_o
ground_n who_o part_n be_v the_o soil_n and_o the_o superstructure_n and_o in_o which_o be_v it_o movable_a the_o lord_n of_o the_o soil_n can_v have_v no_o right_n at_o all_o of_o which_o opinion_n be_v scaevola_n xxiii_o the_o possessor_n can_v claim_v the_o fruit_n but_o may_v his_o charge_n he_o that_o ignorant_o sow_v another_o man_n ground_n think_v it_o to_o be_v his_o own_o can_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n appropriate_v all_o the_o fruit_n thereof_o to_o himself_o but_o he_o may_v charge_v the_o owner_n of_o the_o ground_n with_o his_o cost_n and_o with_o his_o profitable_a labour_n and_o pay_v himself_o out_o of_o the_o profit_n either_o already_o perceive_v or_o retain_v those_o that_o be_v extant_a if_o he_o can_v otherwise_o get_v satisfaction_n xxiv_o yea_o though_o he_o possess_v it_o unjust_o and_o the_o very_a same_o it_o seem_v may_v be_v say_v of_o he_o that_o be_v possess_v of_o another_o man_n estate_n unjust_o where_o no_o penal_a law_n interpose_v for_o though_o he_o thaâ—_n possess_v my_o estate_n be_v a_o intruder_n or_o a_o usurper_n say_v paulus_n the_o lawyer_n yet_o ought_v i_o to_o satisfy_v he_o for_o his_o just_a expense_n for_o he_o that_o seek_v only_o to_o recover_v his_o own_o ought_v not_o to_o enrich_v himself_o by_o the_o loss_n of_o another_o xxv_o that_o natural_o the_o delivery_n be_v not_o requisite_a to_o transfer_v dominion_n the_o last_o mean_n of_o acquire_a dominion_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n be_v by_o tradition_n but_o as_o i_o say_v before_o this_o be_v not_o require_v to_o the_o transfer_v of_o dominion_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o the_o roman_a lawyer_n themselves_o acknowledge_v in_o some_o case_n as_o when_o the_o property_n of_o any_o thing_n be_v give_v away_o but_o the_o profit_n of_o it_o reserve_v or_o when_o it_o be_v bestow_v on_o he_o that_o may_v hereafter_o possess_v it_o or_o when_o be_v but_o lend_v it_o may_v be_v keep_v and_o in_o such_o like_a case_n yea_o and_o even_o now_o a_o man_n may_v in_o some_o case_n transfer_a dominion_n to_o another_o before_o he_o have_v gain_v possession_n himself_o as_o of_o a_o inheritance_n expectant_a of_o legacy_n to_o be_v receive_v of_o thing_n give_v to_o church_n and_o to_o pious_a place_n or_o to_o city_n etc._n etc._n whereof_o it_o may_v be_v say_v then_o the_o delivery_n of_o possession_n seem_v to_o be_v good_a when_o the_o deed_n of_o gift_n be_v in_o a_o man_n own_o possession_n 240._o godwin_n be_v rom._n ant._n p._n 240._o and_o thus_o do_v the_o ancient_a roman_n use_v to_o alien_n thing_n sell_v by_o strike_v the_o scale_n with_o a_o piece_n of_o brass_n and_o then_o give_v it_o to_o he_o that_o make_v the_o sale_n xxvi_o what_o use_n may_v be_v make_v of_o what_o have_v be_v say_v these_o thing_n have_v i_o observe_v lest_o any_o man_n find_v among_o the_o roman_a author_n the_o law_n of_o nation_n often_o quote_v shall_v present_o understand_v that_o law_n to_o be_v such_o as_o can_v not_o be_v change_v but_o rather_o that_o he_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o distinguish_v between_o such_o law_n as_o be_v pure_o natural_a and_o those_o that_o be_v for_o some_o certain_a state_n natural_a and_o between_o such_o law_n as_o be_v in_o force_n among_o many_o nation_n apart_o and_o such_o as_o knit_v together_o all_o humane_a society_n and_o this_o likewise_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o if_o either_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n improper_o so_o call_v or_o by_o the_o law_n of_o any_o nation_n or_o people_n any_o one_o way_n of_o acquire_v a_o right_a or_o property_n be_v agree_v on_o without_o make_v any_o distinction_n between_o native_n and_o stranger_n there_o foreigner_n also_o shall_v have_v and_o enjoy_v the_o same_o right_n and_o in_o case_n they_o shall_v be_v hinder_v in_o the_o consecution_n thereof_o they_o have_v such_o wrong_n do_v they_o as_o may_v give_v occasion_n to_o a_o just_a war._n chap._n ix_o how_o empire_n and_o dominion_n may_v cease_v and_o determine_v i._o dominion_n and_o empire_n determine_v when_o he_o that_o have_v the_o right_n die_v and_o leave_v no_o successor_n in_o be_v ii_o so_o the_o right_n of_o a_o family_n die_v when_o that_o family_n be_v extinct_a iii_o the_o like_a of_o a_o people_n when_o they_o cease_v to_o be_v a_o free_a people_n .._o iv_o which_o fall_v out_o when_o their_o necessary_a part_n be_v take_v away_o v._o and_o when_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o a_o people_n be_v sweep_v away_o vi_o and_o when_o their_o form_n be_v lose_v whereby_o they_o become_v a_o people_n vii_o but_o not_o by_o the_o change_n of_o place_n viii_o nor_o upon_o their_o change_n of_o government_n where_o also_o be_v discuss_v what_o place_n a_o new_a king_n or_o free_a people_n be_v to_o take_v in_o general_a assembly_n ix_o what_o if_o two_o people_n be_v unite_v x._o what_o if_o a_o people_n be_v divide_v xi_o in_o who_o now_o be_v what_o once_o belong_v to_o the_o roman_a empire_n since_o there_o appear_v no_o alienation_n xii_o of_o the_o right_n of_o heir_n xiii_o of_o the_o right_n of_o conqueror_n i._o when_o the_o owner_n die_v leave_v no_o successor_n how_o as_o well_o propriety_n as_o empire_n be_v at_o first_o introduce_v and_o how_o they_o may_v be_v transfer_v be_v sufficient_o discuss_v now_o let_v we_o understand_v how_o they_o may_v end_v and_o first_o that_o they_o may_v determine_v by_o a_o voluntary_a dereliction_n have_v be_v already_o demonstrate_v for_o cessante_fw-la voluntate_fw-la non_fw-la manet_fw-la dominium_fw-la where_o the_o will_n disclaim_v propriety_n vanish_v again_o they_o may_v cease_v when_o the_o subject_a wherein_o they_o be_v be_v take_v away_o before_o any_o alienation_n be_v make_v of_o they_o either_o express_a or_o presumptive_a as_o in_o succession_n from_o he_o that_o die_v intestate_a and_o leave_v no_o kindred_n behind_o he_o wherefore_o all_o the_o right_a that_o he_o have_v in_o any_o thing_n die_v also_o with_o he_o wherefore_o his_o servant_n unless_o the_o law_n do_v otherwise_o ordain_v be_v immediate_o free_a and_o the_o people_n that_o be_v in_o subjection_n to_o he_o be_v at_o their_o own_o liberty_n because_o these_o be_v not_o in_o their_o own_o nature_n occupyable_a but_o as_o they_o be_v willing_a to_o surrender_v themselves_o but_o all_o his_o other_o good_n be_v natural_o his_o that_o have_v they_o ii_o so_o of_o a_o family_n the_o very_a same_o hold_v true_a if_o a_o family_n happen_v to_o be_v extinct_a whatsoever_o right_o it_o have_v cease_v with_o it_o iii_o when_o the_o people_n that_o be_v free_a cease_v to_o be_v so_o so_o also_o if_o a_o people_n fail_v isocrates_n first_o and_o from_o he_o the_o emperor_n julian_n tell_v we_o that_o city_n be_v immortal_a meaning_n that_o so_o they_o may_v be_v because_o the_o people_n be_v a_o body_n consist_v of_o member_n remote_a one_o from_o another_o yet_o unite_v under_o one_o name_n as_o have_v but_o one_o order_n or_o form_n of_o government_n as_o plutarch_n call_v it_o or_o one_o spirit_n as_o paulus_n the_o lawyer_n which_o animate_v and_o inform_v all_o the_o part_n of_o it_o and_o be_v therefore_o as_o aristotle_n term_v it_o the_o life_n of_o it_o but_o this_o spirit_n in_o the_o people_n be_v a_o full_a and_o perfect_a consociation_n tend_v to_o a_o civil_a life_n whereof_o the_o supreme_a power_n be_v the_o first_o product_n this_o be_v the_o bond_n that_o knit_v all_o the_o part_n together_o the_o vital_a spirit_n as_o seneca_n term_v it_o quem_fw-la tot_fw-la millia_fw-la trahunt_fw-la 58._o lib._n 1._o declementia_fw-la cap._n 4._o ep._n 58._o which_o animate_v so_o many_o thousand_o at_o once_o for_o plain_o the_o artificial_a body_n have_v some_o resemblance_n with_o the_o natural_a the_o natural_a body_n though_o it_o every_o day_n waste_v a_o little_a yet_o whilst_o that_o which_o waste_v be_v every_o day_n repair_v and_o the_o same_o form_n or_o figure_n continue_v cease_v not_o to_o be_v the_o same_o body_n and_o therefore_o that_o of_o seneca_n where_o he_o say_v that_o no_o man_n be_v the_o same_o be_v old_a as_o he_o be_v when_o he_o be_v young_a may_v very_o fit_o be_v interpret_v as_o if_o understand_v of_o the_o matter_n only_o as_o also_o that_o of_o heracleus_n in_o plato_n verify_v that_o no_o man_n can_v descend_v twice_o into_o the_o same_o river_n which_o seneca_n thus_o expound_v manet_fw-la idem_fw-la fluminis_fw-la nomen_fw-la aqua_fw-la transmissa_fw-la est_fw-la the_o name_n only_o continue_v but_o the_o water_n glide_v away_o 2._o pol._n 13._o c._n 2._o so_o aristotle_n compare_v a_o river_n to_o the_o people_n say_v that_o the_o river_n be_v still_o call_v by_o the_o same_o name_n though_o the_o water_n be_v not_o the_o same_o neither_o do_v it_o retain_v its_o name_n in_o vain_a for_o it_o have_v the_o same_o
the_o roman_a legion_n they_o have_v confer_v the_o empire_n on_o i_o the_o defence_n whereof_o o_o father_n conscript_n i_o do_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n undertake_v and_o if_o it_o be_v as_o please_v to_o you_o as_o it_o have_v be_v unto_o they_o i_o shall_v also_o undertake_v the_o government_n so_o also_o do_v the_o emperor_n tacitus_n in_o vopiscus_n me_n say_v he_o have_v the_o senate_n make_v their_o prince_n according_a to_o the_o prudent_a advice_n of_o the_o army_n to_o the_o like_a purpose_n be_v that_o of_o majorinus_n to_o the_o senate_n remember_v that_o i_o be_v make_v emperor_n as_o well_o by_o your_o own_o free_a suffrage_n as_o by_o the_o appointment_n of_o your_o puissant_a army_n the_o roman_a empire_n as_o maximinus_n in_o herodian_a tell_v his_o soldier_n be_v not_o the_o possession_n of_o any_o one_o man_n but_o the_o ancient_a inheritance_n of_o the_o whole_a people_n of_o rome_n upon_o who_o safety_n the_o empire_n depend_v and_o we_o together_o with_o you_o be_v to_o this_o purpose_n choose_v that_o they_o through_o our_o care_n and_o courage_n may_v live_v secure_o neither_o do_v it_o avail_v to_o the_o contrary_a to_o say_v that_o by_o the_o constitution_n of_o antoninus_n the_o emperor_n all_o that_o live_v within_o the_o verge_n of_o that_o empire_n be_v make_v roman_a citizen_n for_o by_o that_o sanction_n all_o the_o subject_n of_o that_o empire_n be_v only_o make_v capable_a of_o such_o right_n and_o privilege_n as_o the_o roman_a colony_n and_o such_o other_o town_n and_o city_n ancient_o have_v zon._n for_o rome_n over_o all_o her_o colony_n appear_v as_o a_o lady_n or_o a_o queen_n zon._n that_o be_v make_v free_a namely_o that_o they_o may_v use_v the_o same_o law_n and_o be_v govern_v by_o such_o magistrate_n as_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n have_v but_o the_o foundation_n of_o the_o empire_n be_v not_o so_o in_o any_o other_o people_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n for_o this_o be_v not_o in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o roman_a emperor_n to_o grant_v who_o can_v neither_o change_v the_o state_n of_o the_o empire_n nor_o its_o manner_n of_o hold_v it_o neither_o do_v it_o at_o all_o detract_v from_o the_o right_n of_o the_o citizen_n of_o rome_n that_o their_o emperor_n change_v the_o place_n of_o their_o residence_n from_o rome_n to_o constantinople_n empire_n the_o change_n of_o the_o imperial_a seat_n do_v not_o change_v the_o empire_n for_o even_o then_o also_o be_v the_o choice_n of_o their_o emperor_n make_v by_o such_o of_o the_o roman_a citizen_n as_o be_v resident_a at_o constantinople_n who_o claudian_n call_v the_o byzantine_n roman_n yet_o so_o as_o that_o choice_n be_v to_o be_v confirm_v by_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n who_o like_a prince_n jealous_a of_o their_o own_o sovereignty_n always_o preserve_v the_o prerogative_n of_o their_o city_n and_o the_o honour_n of_o their_o consul_n constantinople_n the_o empire_n continue_v in_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n though_o the_o emperor_n reside_v at_o constantinople_n the_o first_o whereof_o do_v constant_o reside_v at_o rome_n as_o the_o trophy_n of_o their_o own_o incommunicable_a right_n wherefore_o all_o that_o right_n which_o those_o byzantine_n roman_n pretend_v to_o have_v in_o those_o election_n depend_v whole_o on_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n nero_n in_o the_o fourteen_o of_o tacitus_n his_o annal_n accuse_v his_o mother_n for_o endeavour_v to_o divide_v the_o empire_n with_o he_o by_o swear_v to_o herself_o the_o praetorian_a band_n and_o for_o hope_v to_o put_v the_o same_o reproach_n upon_o the_o senate_n and_o people_n whereas_o as_o priscus_n note_v the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n appertain_v not_o to_o woman_n but_o man_n for_o after_o the_o death_n of_o heliogabalus_n it_o be_v especial_o provide_v that_o no_o woman_n shall_v ever_o after_o be_v admit_v into_o the_o senate_n and_o that_o he_o that_o shall_v do_v it_o shall_v be_v accurse_v to_o hell_n and_o it_o be_v observe_v by_o tribellius_n as_o a_o matter_n of_o reproach_n that_o zenobia_n usurp_v the_o empire_n and_o govern_v the_o commonwealth_n long_o than_o be_v fit_a for_o a_o woman_n to_o do_v it_o when_o the_o byzantine_n roman_n contrary_a to_o the_o mind_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o roman_n have_v subject_v the_o whole_a empire_n to_o the_o empress_n irene_n they_o deserve_o revoke_v that_o grant_v which_o they_o have_v either_o express_o or_o tacit_o give_v they_o and_o by_o their_o own_o power_n choose_v charles_n the_o great_a empire_n the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n the_o principal_a citizen_n in_o the_o vacancy_n of_o the_o empire_n emperor_n which_o they_o public_o declare_v by_o their_o chief_a citizen_n the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n for_o so_o also_o be_v the_o high_a priest_n among_o the_o jew_n always_o account_v during_o the_o vacancy_n of_o their_o king_n now_o charles_n the_o emperor_n and_o his_o successor_n do_v always_o very_o prudent_o distinguish_v between_o the_o right_n they_o have_v to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o franc_n and_o lumbards_n and_o the_o right_n they_o have_v to_o the_o empire_n the_o former_a be_v their_o ancient_a inheritance_n the_o latter_a be_v entrust_v unto_o he_o upon_o a_o new_a account_n but_o afterward_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o franc_n be_v divide_v into_o the_o western_a which_o be_v now_o call_v france_n and_o the_o eastern_a which_o be_v germany_n or_o almany_n see_v that_o the_o oriental_a franc_n do_v then_o begin_v to_o set_v over_o themselves_o king_n by_o election_n for_o even_o at_o that_o time_n the_o succession_n to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o franc_n be_v as_o it_o be_v aquatical_a depend_v not_o so_o much_o upon_o any_o certain_a law_n as_o upon_o the_o choice_n of_o the_o people_n the_o roman_n that_o they_o may_v enjoy_v a_o most_o assure_a protection_n choose_v not_o a_o king_n of_o their_o own_o but_o he_o who_o the_o german_n have_v admit_v for_o their_o emperor_n yet_o still_o reserve_v unto_o themselves_o the_o right_a of_o either_o approve_v or_o reject_v he_o so_o far_o as_o concern_v their_o own_o affair_n and_o this_o approbation_n be_v in_o their_o name_n solemn_o witness_v by_o their_o chief_a citizen_n the_o bishop_n by_o a_o peculiar_a coronation_n wherefore_o as_o he_o that_o be_v admit_v or_o elect_v by_o the_o seven_o prince_n of_o germany_n be_v the_o representatives_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n have_v according_a to_o their_o custom_n the_o best_a title_n to_o the_o empire_n so_o be_v the_o same_o person_n by_o the_o approbation_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n make_v king_n or_o emperor_n of_o the_o roman_n or_o as_o historian_n sometime_o call_v he_o king_n of_o italy_n as_o in_o the_o excommunication_n of_o the_o emperor_n henry_n the_o pope_n make_v express_v mention_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o germany_n and_o italy_n and_o in_o the_o oath_n that_o the_o pope_n administer_v unto_o the_o emperor_n otto_n as_o gratian_n record_v the_o emperor_n swear_v that_o he_o will_v make_v no_o decree_n or_o ordinance_n concern_v any_o thing_n belong_v to_o the_o pope_n or_o to_o the_o roman_n without_o his_o counsel_n so_o that_o the_o emperor_n under_o the_o title_n of_o be_v king_n of_o the_o roman_n have_v a_o right_a unto_o all_o that_o do_v former_o belong_v unto_o the_o roman_a empire_n that_o have_v not_o be_v otherwise_o alienate_v or_o grant_v away_o either_o by_o agreement_n or_o by_o occupancy_n upon_o a_o presumption_n of_o be_v desert_v or_o by_o the_o right_n of_o conquest_n from_o whence_o it_o be_v a_o easy_a matter_n to_o determine_v germany_n by_o what_o righâ—_n the_o pope_n in_o the_o vacancy_n deliver_v the_o ornament_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n to_o the_o emperouâ—_n of_o germany_n by_o what_o right_a the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n in_o the_o vacancy_n deliver_v to_o the_o succeed_a emperor_n the_o ornament_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n namely_o because_o at_o such_o time_n the_o people_n be_v free_a the_o primacy_n belong_v to_o he_o and_o it_o be_v usual_a for_o body_n politic_a to_o dispatch_v all_o their_o affair_n by_o the_o chief_a person_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o whole_a so_o that_o as_o the_o prince_n palatine_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n do_v deliver_v the_o royal_a diadem_n to_o the_o emperor_n elect_n thereby_o give_v he_o possession_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n so_o do_v the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n in_o the_o name_n of_o all_o the_o roman_n give_v unto_o the_o same_o person_n be_v by_o they_o approve_v the_o ornament_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n so_o it_o be_v also_o in_o poland_n the_o archbishop_n of_o guessne_n during_o the_o vacancy_n poland_n the_o archbishop_n of_o â—_o guessne_fw-fr in_o poland_n sit_v on_o the_o royal_a throne_n and_o administer_v the_o public_a affair_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o be_v of_o all_o the_o order_n the_o chief_a neither_o be_v
that_o our_o saviour_n word_n signify_v no_o more_o than_o what_o philo_n the_o jew_n do_v it_o be_v a_o excellent_a thing_n say_v he_o and_o most_o agreeable_a to_o rational_a man_n decal_n de_fw-fr decal_n so_o to_o accustom_v themselves_o to_o speak_v truth_n that_o their_o bare_a word_n may_v carry_v as_o much_o authority_n as_o other_o man_n oath_n and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o say_v that_o a_o good_a man_n word_n be_v as_o firm_a immutable_a and_o void_a of_o deceit_n as_o if_o he_o have_v confirm_v it_o with_o a_o oath_n so_o likewife_n josephus_n testify_v of_o the_o esseni_n that_o whatsoever_o they_o affirm_v upon_o their_o word_n be_v as_o true_a as_o if_o they_o have_v affirm_v it_o upon_o their_o oath_n and_o therefore_o to_o swear_v be_v unto_o they_o superfluous_a and_o from_o these_o esseni_fw-la or_o from_o those_o jew_n that_o follow_v they_o pythagoras_n seem_v to_o have_v learn_v it_o where_o he_o say_v we_o must_v not_o swear_v by_o the_o god_n but_o every_o man_n sbould_z be_v so_o careful_a of_o his_o word_n and_o credit_n that_o he_o may_v be_v believe_v without_o a_o oath_n it_o be_v the_o advice_n of_o chrysostome_n if_o thou_o do_v believe_v that_o he_o with_o who_o thou_o have_v to_o deal_v 15._o de_fw-fr stat_fw-la 15._o be_v honest_a and_o faithful_a urge_v he_o not_o to_o swear_v but_o if_o thou_o suspect_v he_o for_o a_o liar_n urge_v he_o not_o to_o forswear_v the_o scythian_n in_o curtius_n tell_v alexander_n that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o scythian_n gratiam_fw-la jurando_fw-la sancire_fw-la to_o purchase_v his_o favour_n or_o establish_v their_o own_o peace_n by_o oath_n for_o say_v curtius_n colendo_fw-la fidem_fw-la scythae_n jurant_fw-la the_o scythian_n be_v so_o great_a admirer_n of_o truth_n and_o fidelity_n that_o their_o bare_a word_n do_v oblige_v they_o as_o firm_o as_o and_o their_o deed_n confirm_v their_o promise_n more_o than_o their_o oath_n cicero_n in_o his_o oration_n for_o roscius_n comoedus_fw-la tell_v we_o that_o look_v what_o punishment_n the_o god_n award_v to_o a_o perjure_a person_n the_o same_o they_o award_v to_o a_o liar_n for_o it_o be_v not_o the_o form_n of_o word_n wherein_o the_o oath_n be_v comprehend_v that_o provoke_v the_o god_n unto_o vengeance_n but_o the_o malice_n and_o perfidiousness_n of_o the_o heart_n wherein_o all_o treachery_n and_o forgery_n be_v mint_v it_o be_v excellent_a counsel_n that_o solon_n give_v we_o that_o we_o shall_v have_v so_o great_a a_o regard_n to_o our_o own_o honesty_n that_o our_o word_n may_v be_v as_o authoritative_a and_o convince_a as_o our_o oath_n thus_o clemens_n alexandrinus_n describe_v a_o just_a man_n to_o be_v one_o that_o evidence_v the_o truth_n of_o his_o promise_n by_o the_o sincerity_n and_o constant_a stability_n of_o his_o word_n and_o action_n cicero_n record_v it_o of_o a_o certain_a citizen_n of_o athens_n that_o be_v know_v to_o be_v of_o a_o religious_a and_o upright_a conversation_n baldo_n orat._n pro_fw-la baldo_n and_o be_v to_o give_v his_o public_a testimony_n upon_o oath_n be_v not_o permit_v so_o to_o do_v but_o as_o he_o approach_v near_o the_o altar_n to_o that_o purpose_n all_o the_o judge_n with_o one_o voice_n cry_v out_o that_o he_o shall_v not_o swear_v be_v unwilling_a to_o give_v more_o credit_n to_o his_o oath_n than_o to_o his_o word_n very_o pertinent_a to_o the_o meaning_n of_o our_o saviour_n where_o he_o say_v swear_v not_o at_o all_o be_v that_o say_n of_o hierocles_n he_o that_o in_o the_o beginning_n say_v thou_o shall_v reverence_v a_o oath_n do_v therein_o enjoin_v we_o to_o abstain_v from_o swear_v concering_n such_o thing_n as_o be_v contingent_a and_o of_o uncertain_a event_n for_o such_o thing_n be_v so_o mutable_a and_o of_o so_o small_a a_o account_n that_o they_o be_v not_o worth_a a_o oath_n neither_o be_v it_o safe_a to_o swear_v about_o they_o and_o libanius_n insert_v this_o among_o many_o other_o virtue_n for_o which_o he_o high_o extol_v a_o christian_a emperor_n that_o he_o be_v so_o far_o from_o perjury_n that_o he_o fear_v to_o swear_v to_o what_o he_o know_v to_o be_v truth_n a_o perjurio_fw-la tantum_fw-la abest_fw-la ut_fw-la etiam_fw-la vera_fw-la jurare_fw-la vereatur_fw-la xxii_o faith_n may_v be_v give_v without_o a_o oath_n therefore_o in_o some_o nation_n instead_o of_o oath_n they_o give_v unto_o each_o other_o their_o right_a hand_n which_o among_o the_o persian_n be_v the_o strong_a assurance_n of_o faith_n that_o can_v be_v give_v and_o among_o other_o people_n they_o oblige_v themselves_o by_o other_o sign_n and_o that_o so_o strong_o that_o unless_o he_o that_o shall_v so_o oblige_v himself_o do_v fulfil_v his_o promise_n he_o be_v hold_v as_o execrable_a as_o if_o perjure_a but_o especial_o of_o king_n and_o prince_n it_o be_v usual_o say_v that_o their_o faith_n give_v be_v as_o good_a as_o a_o oath_n for_o such_o they_o shall_v be_v that_o they_o may_v say_v with_o augustus_n bonae_fw-la fidei_fw-la sum_fw-la i_o have_v a_o clear_a reputation_n and_o with_o eumenes_n i_o have_v rather_o lose_v my_o life_n than_o break_v my_o faith_n whereunto_o gunther_n allude_v where_o he_o say_v no_o oath_n more_o sacred_a than_o the_o word_n of_o king_n whereunto_o we_o may_v add_v that_o of_o alexis_n comicus_fw-la if_o i_o but_o nod_v it_o be_v firm_a as_o though_o i_o swear_v this_o testimony_n isocrates_n give_v of_o king_n evagrius_n that_o he_o keep_v his_o word_n as_o religious_o as_o he_o do_v his_o oath_n cicero_n in_o his_o oration_n for_o king_n dejotarus_n high_o commend_v cajus_n caesar_n for_o this_o that_o if_o he_o give_v to_o any_o man_n his_o right_a hand_n it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o confirm_v any_o promise_n that_o he_o make_v whether_o in_o peace_n or_o war._n and_o in_o those_o heroic_a time_n the_o elevation_n of_o the_o royal_a sceptre_n be_v equivalent_a to_o the_o oath_n of_o a_o king_n as_o aristotle_n note_v chap._n fourteen_o of_o the_o promise_n contract_n and_o oath_n of_o sovereign_a prince_n and_o state_n i._o the_o opinion_n of_o some_o who_o hold_v that_o restitution_n to_o the_o full_a arise_v from_o the_o civil_a law_n appertain_v to_o the_o act_n of_o king_n as_o such_o refute_v as_o also_o this_o that_o king_n be_v not_o bind_v by_o their_o own_o oath_n ii_o to_o what_o act_n of_o king_n the_o law_n extend_v explain_v by_o distinction_n iii_o when_o a_o king_n be_v bind_v by_o his_o oath_n and_o when_o not_o iv_o how_o far_o forth_o a_o king_n be_v bind_v to_o what_o he_o have_v promise_v without_o cause_n v._o the_o use_n of_o what_o have_v be_v say_v concern_v the_o force_n of_o the_o law_n about_o the_o contract_n of_o king_n vi_o in_o what_o sense_n a_o king_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v oblige_v to_o his_o subject_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n only_o or_o even_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n vii_o a_o right_o gain_v to_o subject_n how_o it_o may_v lawful_o be_v take_v away_o viii_o the_o distinction_n of_o thing_n gain_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n reject_v ix_o the_o contract_n of_o king_n whether_o they_o be_v law_n and_o when_o x._o how_o by_o the_o contract_n of_o king_n they_o that_o inherit_v all_o his_o good_n stand_v bind_v xi_o how_o by_o those_o contract_n they_o that_o succeed_v in_o the_o kingdom_n may_v stand_v bind_v xii_o and_o how_o far_o xiii_o the_o free_a grant_n of_o king_n when_o revocable_a and_o when_o not_o fourteen_o whether_o the_o true_a king_n be_v bind_v by_o the_o contract_n of_o they_o that_o invade_v or_o usurp_v the_o kingdom_n i._o whether_o king_n may_v rescind_v their_o own_o acts._n the_o promise_n contract_n and_o oath_n of_o king_n and_o of_o such_o other_o as_o have_v the_o like_a sovereign_a power_n have_v some_o question_n peculiar_a to_o themselves_o as_o well_o concern_v what_o power_n they_o have_v over_o their_o own_o act_n as_o concern_v what_o they_o have_v over_o their_o subject_n as_o that_o which_o they_o have_v over_o their_o successor_n as_o to_o the_o first_o of_o these_o it_o be_v question_v whether_o the_o king_n himself_o have_v the_o same_o power_n to_o restore_v himself_o to_o the_o full_a or_o to_o make_v void_a his_o own_o contract_n or_o to_o absolve_v himself_o from_o his_o oath_n as_o he_o have_v his_o subject_n bodine_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o a_o king_n be_v circumvent_v by_o another_o man_n fraud_n by_o fear_n or_o error_n may_v for_o the_o same_o cause_n be_v restore_v to_o his_o own_o right_n as_o well_o in_o thing_n appertain_v to_o the_o lessen_v of_o his_o prerogative_n as_o a_o king_n or_o in_o thing_n appertain_v to_o his_o private_a estate_n as_o his_o subject_n may_v whereunto_o he_o add_v that_o a_o king_n be_v not_o bind_v by_o his_o oath_n if_o the_o contract_n agree_v
on_o be_v such_o as_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n may_v be_v revoke_v although_o the_o contract_n be_v agreeable_a to_o honesty_n and_o that_o a_o king_n be_v not_o therefore_o bind_v because_o he_o have_v swear_v but_o as_o every_o man_n may_v be_v bind_v by_o such_o just_a covenant_n so_o far_o as_o it_o concern_v the_o other_o party_n but_o we_o as_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o distinguish_v so_o do_v we_o here_o between_o the_o act_n of_o king_n which_o they_o do_v as_o king_n and_o the_o private_a act_n of_o the_o same_o king_n for_o what_o they_o do_v as_o king_n in_o their_o politic_a capacity_n be_v so_o esteem_v as_o do_v by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n but_o over_o such_o act_n as_o the_o law_n make_v by_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o people_n can_v have_v no_o power_n because_o the_o community_n can_v be_v superior_a to_o itself_o so_o neither_o can_v the_o prerogative_n law_n of_o a_o king_n null_a his_o own_o public_a act_n because_o a_o king_n can_v be_v superior_a to_o himself_o wherefore_o restitution_n which_o receive_v its_o vigour_n from_o the_o civil_a law_n only_o be_v of_o no_o force_n against_o such_o contract_n neither_o be_v those_o contract_n to_o be_v exempt_v which_o king_n make_v in_o their_o minority_n ii_o to_o what_o act_n of_o king_n the_o law_n extend_v without_o all_o question_n if_o the_o people_n elect_v a_o king_n yet_o not_o with_o full_a and_o absolute_a right_n but_o restrain_v he_o with_o some_o law_n then_o what_o act_v he_o shall_v do_v contrary_a to_o those_o law_n may_v by_o those_o law_n be_v make_v null_n either_o altogether_o or_o in_o part_n because_o the_o people_n do_v reserve_v that_o right_n unto_o themselves_o but_o if_o the_o king_n do_v reign_v in_o full_a right_n i._n e._n not_o bound_v by_o any_o law_n yet_o hold_v not_o his_o kingdom_n in_o propriety_n i._n e._n have_v no_o power_n to_o alienate_v it_o or_o any_o part_n of_o it_o or_o of_o its_o revenue_n all_o such_o act_n of_o his_o that_o shall_v tend_v to_o such_o a_o alienation_n be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n void_a because_o what_o he_o so_o alienates_v be_v not_o his_o own_o but_o the_o private_a act_n of_o a_o king_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v not_o as_o the_o act_n of_o the_o community_n but_o as_o the_o act_n of_o a_o part_n and_o be_v therefore_o make_v with_o a_o purpose_n that_o they_o may_v follow_v the_o common_a rule_n of_o the_o law_n whence_o it_o be_v that_o even_o the_o law_n which_o make_v void_a some_o act_n either_o simple_o or_o if_o the_o person_n damnify_v will_n shall_v take_v place_n even_o here_o also_o as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v contract_v upon_o this_o condition_n so_o we_o have_v see_v some_o king_n who_o have_v consult_v the_o law_n for_o remedy_n against_o extortion_n yet_o may_v a_o king_n if_o he_o please_v exempt_v from_o those_o law_n his_o own_o act_n as_o well_o as_o other_o man_n but_o whether_o he_o will_v so_o do_v or_o not_o must_v be_v gather_v from_o circumstance_n if_o he_o do_v then_o shall_v the_o mere_a law_n of_o nature_n determine_v the_o case_n yet_o with_o this_o proviso_n that_o where_o the_o law_n do_v make_v void_a any_o private_a man_n act_n not_o in_o favour_n to_o the_o person_n act_v but_o as_o his_o punishment_n those_o law_n be_v of_o no_o force_n against_o the_o act_n of_o king_n nor_o indeed_o any_o other_o penal_a law_n nor_o any_o thing_n else_o that_o imply_v vim_o cogendi_fw-la a_o power_n coercive_a for_o to_o punish_v and_o to_o compel_v can_v proceed_v but_o from_o two_o different_a and_o distinct_a will_n and_o so_o from_o distinct_a person_n neither_o can_v the_o compeller_n and_o the_o compel_v be_v any_o one_o person_n though_o under_o diverse_a respect_n iii_o when_o king_n be_v bind_v by_o their_o oath_n and_o when_o not_o a_o king_n may_v make_v void_a his_o own_o oath_n as_o a_o private_a man_n antecedenter_n i._n e._n if_o by_o a_o former_a oath_n he_o have_v deprive_v himself_o of_o the_o power_n to_o oblige_v himself_o by_o oath_n to_o any_o such_o thing_n but_o consequent_o he_o can_v for_o herein_o also_o be_v require_v a_o distinction_n of_o person_n beside_o to_o every_o such_o absolution_n it_o be_v requisite_a that_o in_o the_o very_a oath_n before_o take_v there_o shall_v have_v be_v this_o limitation_n or_o exception_n either_o express_v or_o imply_v nisi_fw-la superior_a voluerit_fw-la unless_o my_o prince_n command_v the_o contrary_a which_o in_o the_o oath_n of_o a_o king_n can_v be_v admit_v because_o this_o be_v to_o make_v a_o king_n superior_a to_o himself_o or_o to_o make_v his_o oath_n still_o to_o depend_v upon_o his_o own_o will_n which_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o oath_n and_o whereas_o a_o oath_n though_o make_v may_v confer_v no_o right_n to_o another_o by_o reason_n of_o some_o default_n in_o that_o person_n yet_o be_v he_o that_o swear_v bind_v before_o god_n to_o make_v good_a what_o he_o have_v so_o promise_v as_o be_v before_o say_v and_o thus_o also_o be_v king_n bind_v by_o their_o oath_n which_o they_o make_v no_o less_o than_o private_a man_n though_o bodinus_fw-la think_v otherwise_o iv_o how_o far_o a_o king_n be_v bind_v by_o those_o promise_n which_o he_o make_v without_o cause_n we_o have_v likewise_o already_o show_v that_o full_a and_o absolute_a promise_n be_v accept_v of_o do_v natural_o transfer_v our_o right_n to_o another_o now_o this_o hold_v as_o well_o in_o king_n as_o in_o private_a man_n their_o opinion_n therefore_o be_v not_o to_o be_v admit_v who_o say_v that_o king_n be_v not_o bind_v by_o their_o promise_n which_o they_o make_v without_o good_a cause_n which_o notwithstanding_o may_v in_o some_o sense_n be_v true_a as_o we_o shall_v show_v anon_o v._o of_o what_o use_n that_o which_o have_v be_v say_v of_o the_o power_n of_o the_o law_n about_o the_o contract_n of_o king_n that_o the_o civil_a law_n of_o a_o kingdom_n have_v no_o power_n over_o the_o covenant_n and_o contract_n of_o a_o king_n be_v well_o acknowledge_v by_o vasquius_fw-la but_o that_o which_o he_o will_v thence_o infer_v namely_o that_o what_o be_v by_o he_o buy_v or_o sell_v for_o no_o price_n certain_a or_o what_o be_v by_o he_o let_v or_o take_v to_o hire_v without_o any_o rent_n agree_v on_o or_o what_o he_o shall_v give_v away_o in_o fee_n without_o any_o write_n or_o grant_v under_o his_o hand_n shall_v be_v of_o force_n we_o can_v admit_v for_o these_o act_n be_v do_v by_o he_o not_o as_o a_o king_n but_o as_o any_o private_a person_n and_o over_o such_o act_n as_o these_o not_o only_o the_o civil_a law_n of_o that_o nation_n but_o even_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o that_o city_n wherein_o the_o king_n reside_v have_v power_n because_o the_o king_n for_o some_o special_a reason_n place_v himself_o there_o as_o a_o member_n of_o that_o corporation_n unless_o it_o shall_v appear_v by_o good_a circumstance_n that_o it_o be_v his_o will_n that_o those_o act_n of_o his_o shall_v be_v exempt_v from_o the_o power_n of_o those_o law_n but_o that_o other_o example_n bring_v by_o the_o same_o vasquius_fw-la concern_v a_o promise_n any_o way_n make_v do_v very_o well_o agree_v and_o may_v be_v explain_v by_o what_o have_v be_v before_o say_v vi_o in_o what_o sense_n a_o king_n may_v be_v oblige_v to_o his_o subject_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n only_o or_o by_o civil_a law_n that_o which_o civilian_n do_v general_o affirm_v that_o the_o covenant_n which_o a_o king_n enter_v into_o with_o his_o subject_n do_v oblige_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n only_o and_o not_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v somewhat_o obscure_a for_o that_o be_v sometime_o corrupt_o say_v by_o the_o lawgiver_n natural_o to_o oblige_v which_o be_v only_o agreeable_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o honesty_n but_o yet_o can_v proper_o be_v say_v to_o be_v due_a as_o for_o a_o executor_n to_o pay_v the_o entire_a legacy_n without_o defalcation_n though_o he_o have_v not_o the_o four_o part_n of_o the_o testator_n estate_n leave_v he_o or_o to_o pay_v a_o just_a debt_n though_o the_o creditor_n be_v make_v by_o the_o law_n uncapable_a of_o receive_v it_o or_o to_o requite_v a_o courtesy_n receive_v all_o which_o can_v no_o way_n be_v recover_v by_o any_o action_n at_o law_n sometime_o again_o that_o be_v more_o proper_o say_v natural_o to_o oblige_v which_o be_v indeed_o true_o obligatory_a whether_o it_o be_v such_o as_o transfer_v a_o right_a unto_o another_o as_o in_o contract_n or_o such_o as_o transfer_v none_o as_o in_o a_o full_a and_o firm_a pollicitation_n maimonides_n the_o jew_n do_v very_o apt_o distinguish_v between_o these_o three_o whatsoever_o come_v more_o than_o be_v due_a fall_v under_o the_o notion_n of_o mercy_n which_o
be_v but_o the_o overflowing_n of_o a_o good_a nature_n distinguish_v mercy_n judgement_n and_o righteousness_n distinguish_v such_o be_v good_a work_v do_v mere_o out_o of_o bounty_n and_o munificence_n second_o to_o perform_v what_o we_o be_v strict_o bind_v to_o do_v which_o the_o hebrew_n call_v judgement_n but_o to_o do_v that_o which_o in_o honesty_n and_o conscience_n only_o we_o ought_v to_o do_v this_o they_o call_v righteousness_n or_o equity_n which_o three_o some_o expositor_n upon_o that_o of_o mat._n 23.23_o render_v by_o mercy_n judgement_n and_o fidelity_n whereby_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o greek_n do_v common_o understand_v righteousness_n and_o by_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d judgement_n that_o which_o we_o be_v strict_o oblige_v to_o do_v as_o we_o may_v find_v 1_o mac._n 7.18_o &_o 32._o moreover_o a_o man_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v civil_o oblige_v by_o his_o own_o act_n either_o in_o this_o sense_n that_o the_o obligation_n spring_v not_o from_o the_o mere_a right_n of_o nature_n but_o from_o a_o civil_a right_n or_o from_o both_o or_o in_o such_o a_o sense_n as_o that_o a_o action_n at_o the_o civil_a law_n may_v lie_v against_o he_o we_o conclude_v therefore_o that_o from_o the_o covenant_n and_o promise_n which_o a_o king_n make_v with_o his_o people_n there_o may_v arise_v such_o a_o true_a and_o proper_a obligation_n as_o may_v confer_v a_o right_n unto_o they_o for_o such_o be_v the_o nature_n both_o of_o promise_n and_o contract_n even_o between_o god_n and_o man_n as_o we_o have_v show_v already_o if_o the_o act_n of_o a_o king_n be_v such_o as_o may_v be_v do_v by_o any_o other_o man_n the_o civil_a law_n shall_v bind_v he_o but_o if_o they_o be_v such_o as_o be_v do_v by_o he_o mere_o as_o a_o king_n the_o civil_a law_n do_v not_o reach_v he_o which_o difference_n be_v not_o by_o vasquius_fw-la sufficient_o observe_v nevertheless_o a_o action_n may_v arise_v from_o either_o of_o these_o act_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o to_o evidence_n the_o right_n of_o the_o creditor_n but_o no_o enforcement_n there_o can_v be_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o quality_n or_o condition_n of_o the_o adverse_a party_n for_o that_o subject_n shall_v compel_v he_o who_o subject_n they_o be_v be_v not_o lawful_a which_o equal_v may_v do_v against_o equal_n by_o the_o right_n of_o nature_n and_o superior_n against_o inferior_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n vii_o how_o a_o right_o gain_v by_o subject_n may_v lawful_o be_v take_v from_o they_o but_o this_o also_o must_v be_v note_v that_o a_o king_n may_v take_v away_o the_o right_n of_o his_o subject_n two_o way_n either_o by_o way_n of_o punishment_n or_o by_o virtue_n of_o his_o sovereign_a power_n but_o if_o he_o do_v it_o this_o latter_a way_n it_o must_v be_v in_o the_o first_o place_n for_o some_o public_a profit_n and_o then_o also_o the_o subject_n must_v receive_v if_o it_o be_v possible_a a_o just_a satisfaction_n out_o of_o the_o common_a stock_n for_o the_o loss_n he_o shall_v sustain_v this_o therefore_o as_o it_o hold_v in_o other_o thing_n so_o also_o in_o that_o right_n that_o be_v gain_v by_o either_o promise_n or_o contract_n viii_o the_o distinction_n of_o thing_n gain_v by_o the_o natural_a and_o civil_a law_n reject_v neither_o do_v it_o make_v any_o alteration_n in_o the_o case_n whether_o the_o right_a of_o the_o subject_n be_v acquire_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n for_o the_o king_n have_v a_o equal_a right_n to_o both_o nor_o can_v either_o of_o they_o be_v take_v away_o from_o the_o subject_a without_o cause_n for_o it_o be_v against_o natural_a right_n that_o what_o dominion_n or_o other_o right_n a_o man_n have_v lawful_o gain_v to_o himself_o he_o shall_v be_v causeless_o deprive_v of_o and_o if_o a_o king_n shall_v do_v it_o he_o ought_v without_o doubt_n to_o make_v restitution_n and_o to_o repair_v the_o damage_n that_o the_o subject_n have_v sustain_v because_o he_o do_v thereby_o violate_v the_o true_a right_n of_o his_o subject_n and_o herein_o be_v the_o right_n of_o stranger_n much_o different_a from_o that_o of_o subject_n for_o the_o right_n of_o stranger_n and_o of_o such_o as_o in_o no_o respect_n be_v subject_n can_v by_o no_o mean_n be_v under_o that_o supereminent_a dominion_n of_o a_o king_n as_o the_o right_n of_o subject_n be_v for_o the_o public_a good_a unless_o by_o way_n of_o punishment_n whereof_o hereafter_o ix_o the_o contract_n of_o king_n whether_o they_o be_v law_n and_o when_o from_o whence_o we_o may_v collect_v upon_o how_o sandy_a a_o foundation_n they_o build_v who_o hold_v all_o the_o contract_n of_o king_n to_o be_v law_n for_o from_o the_o law_n there_o arise_v no_o right_a against_o a_o king_n to_o any_o man_n therefore_o if_o the_o king_n shall_v think_v fit_a to_o repeal_v those_o law_n he_o can_v be_v say_v to_o injure_v any_o man_n yet_o if_o he_o do_v it_o without_o good_a cause_n he_o give_v just_a cause_n of_o offence_n but_o from_o promise_n and_o contract_v a_o man_n may_v claim_v a_o right_n for_o by_o contract_v the_o contractor_n only_o be_v bind_v but_o by_o the_o law_n all_o that_o be_v subject_n yet_o may_v some_o thing_n be_v of_o a_o mix_a nature_n partly_o by_o contract_n and_o partly_o by_o the_o law_n as_o when_o a_o king_n contract_v with_o a_o neighbour_n king_n or_o with_o farmer_n of_o his_o revenue_n which_o he_o present_o proclaim_v a_o law_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o contain_v what_o be_v by_o his_o subject_n to_o be_v observe_v x._o how_o by_o the_o contract_n of_o a_o king_n his_o heir_n may_v stand_v bind_v let_v we_o now_o proceed_v to_o the_o successor_n concern_v who_o we_o be_v to_o distinguish_v between_o those_o that_o be_v to_o inherit_v all_o the_o good_n of_o the_o decease_a king_n together_o with_o his_o kingdom_n as_o he_o that_o receive_v a_o patrimonial_a kingdom_n either_o by_o his_o testament_n or_o from_o a_o intestate_a and_o between_o those_o that_o succeed_v in_o the_o kingdom_n only_o either_o by_o a_o new_a election_n or_o by_o prescript_n and_o that_o either_o in_o imitation_n of_o other_o vulgar_a inheritance_n or_o otherwise_o or_o whether_o they_o succeed_v by_o any_o mix_v right_o for_o they_o that_o inherit_v all_o the_o good_n with_o the_o kingdom_n be_v without_o doubt_n oblige_v to_o perform_v all_o the_o contract_n and_o promise_v of_o the_o decease_a king_n and_o that_o the_o good_n of_o the_o decease_a shall_v stand_v oblige_v for_o his_o personal_a debt_n be_v as_o ancient_a as_o dominion_n itself_o xi_o and_o how_o his_o successor_n but_o how_o far_o they_o that_o succeed_v to_o the_o kingdom_n only_o or_o to_o the_o good_n in_o part_n but_o to_o the_o kingdom_n entire_o be_v oblige_v by_o the_o covenant_n and_o contract_n of_o their_o predecessor_n be_v as_o worthy_a to_o be_v discuss_v as_o it_o have_v hitherto_o be_v confuse_o handle_v they_o that_o succeed_v in_o the_o kingdom_n but_o not_o as_o heir_n be_v not_o immediate_o bind_v by_o the_o covenant_n and_o contract_n of_o their_o predecessor_n because_o the_o title_n they_o have_v they_o receive_v not_o from_o he_o but_o from_o the_o people_n whether_o that_o succession_n fall_v like_o other_o vulgar_a inheritance_n to_o he_o that_o be_v near_a of_o kin_n to_o the_o decease_a or_o to_o those_o that_o be_v more_o remote_a but_o mediate_o i._n e._n by_o the_o city_n that_o choose_v he_o such_o successor_n also_o be_v bind_v which_o shall_v be_v thus_o understand_v every_o society_n no_o less_o than_o every_o particular_a person_n have_v a_o power_n to_o oblige_v itself_o either_o by_o itself_o or_o by_o its_o major_a part_n this_o right_a every_o society_n may_v transfer_v either_o express_o or_o by_o necessary_a consequence_n that_o be_v by_o transfer_v the_o empire_n for_o in_o moral_n he_o that_o give_v the_o end_n give_v all_o thing_n conduce_v to_o the_o end_n xii_o and_o how_o far_o and_o yet_o shall_v not_o this_o be_v boundless_a neither_o be_v it_o at_o all_o necessary_a to_o the_o good_a government_n of_o a_o nation_n that_o this_o oblige_a power_n shall_v be_v infinite_a no_o more_o than_o that_o of_o a_o guardian_n be_v but_o so_o far_o forth_o only_o as_o the_o nature_n of_o that_o power_n require_v tutor_n domini_fw-la loco_fw-la habetur_fw-la cum_fw-la rem_fw-la administrat_fw-la non_fw-la cum_fw-la pupillum_fw-la spoliat_fw-la the_o guardian_n say_v julian_n have_v a_o power_n equal_a to_o the_o lord_n while_o he_o order_v the_o estate_n prudent_o but_o not_o when_o he_o waste_v it_o and_o in_o this_o sense_n be_v that_o of_o ulpian_n to_o be_v understand_v every_o society_n shall_v be_v bind_v by_o the_o act_n of_o their_o governor_n be_v the_o agreement_n profitable_a or_o damagable_a to_o that_o society_n yet_o
notwithstanding_o be_v not_o he_o that_o negotiate_v the_o public_a affair_n to_o be_v strict_o tie_v up_o to_o this_o rule_n as_o some_o hold_n so_o that_o his_o act_n shall_v then_o only_o be_v hold_v firm_a and_o ratify_v when_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v meliorate_v by_o it_o for_o to_o reduce_v a_o prince_n to_o such_o strait_n will_v be_v dangerous_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n neither_o be_v it_o likely_a that_o when_o the_o people_n transfer_v the_o government_n upon_o he_o they_o intend_v so_o to_o retain_v he_o but_o what_o the_o roman_a emperor_n answer_v in_o the_o cause_n of_o their_o city_n that_o what_o be_v transfer_v by_o the_o magistrate_n ☜_o ☜_o shall_v be_v of_o force_n in_o doubtful_a matter_n but_o not_o when_o that_o which_o be_v clear_o due_a to_o the_o city_n be_v rash_o give_v away_o or_o forgive_v the_o same_o answer_n may_v and_o aught_o to_o be_v give_v to_o this_o question_n in_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o people_n observe_v a_o due_a proportion_n for_o as_o it_o be_v not_o every_o law_n that_o oblige_v subject_n for_o beside_o those_o which_o command_v thing_n unlawful_a some_o law_n be_v evident_o absurd_a and_o foolish_a as_o that_o law_n of_o cabades_n king_n of_o persia_n record_v by_o procopius_n and_o agathias_n neither_o be_v it_o congruous_a to_o reason_n as_o peter_n ambassador_n of_o justine_n the_o second_o tell_v cosroes_n king_n of_o persia_n treat_v about_o some_o thing_n which_o justinian_n seem_v long_o before_o to_o promise_v to_o the_o saracen_n that_o a_o commonwealth_n shall_v forever_o be_v condemn_v for_o one_o simple_a law_n or_o custom_n introduce_v or_o enact_v by_o one_o man_n although_o a_o emperor_n so_o also_o the_o contract_n of_o prince_n do_v bind_v their_o subject_n if_o they_o have_v any_o probable_a reason_n to_o justify_v they_o which_o in_o doubtful_a case_n ought_v to_o be_v presume_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o wisdom_n and_o authority_n of_o those_o that_o make_v they_o and_o it_o be_v much_o safe_a thus_o to_o distinguish_v of_o they_o than_o as_o some_o do_v by_o the_o great_a or_o lesser_a damage_n that_o arise_v to_o the_o commonwealth_n by_o they_o for_o we_o be_v not_o so_o much_o to_o regard_v the_o event_n of_o such_o contract_n as_o the_o reason_n whereupon_o they_o be_v ground_v which_o if_o probable_a the_o people_n shall_v be_v bind_v by_o they_o if_o by_o any_o accident_n they_o shall_v begin_v to_o a_o be_v free_a people_n and_o so_o shall_v they_o that_o be_v successor_n as_o be_v for_o the_o time_n the_o head_n of_o the_o people_n for_o if_o the_o people_n be_v free_a shall_v make_v any_o contract_n or_o agreement_n their_o king_n that_o shall_v afterward_o reign_v shall_v thereby_o be_v bind_v although_o he_o receive_v the_o kingdom_n in_o the_o full_a right_n the_o emperor_n titus_n be_v high_o commend_v for_o this_o that_o he_o will_v not_o endure_v to_o be_v solicit_v to_o confirm_v any_o thing_n that_o his_o predecessor_n have_v grant_v think_v it_o but_o reasonable_a that_o if_o he_o expect_v that_o his_o successor_n shall_v be_v bind_v by_o his_o act_n he_o also_o shall_v be_v oblige_v by_o the_o act_n of_o their_o predecessor_n successor_n suet._n c._n 8._o the_o grant_n of_o good_a prince_n shall_v bind_v their_o successor_n whereas_o tiberius_n and_o they_o that_o succeed_v he_o do_v never_o hold_v the_o grant_n of_o his_o predecessor_n to_o be_v good_a unless_o they_o themselves_o have_v grant_v the_o same_o to_o the_o same_o person_n that_o excellent_a emperor_n nerva_n follow_v the_o example_n of_o titus_n in_o that_o edict_n record_v by_o pliny_n speak_v thus_o let_v not_o any_o man_n conceive_v that_o what_o he_o have_v get_v from_o any_o of_o my_o predecessor_n either_o private_o or_o public_o shall_v by_o i_o be_v so_o far_o rescind_v as_o that_o they_o shall_v be_v indebt_v to_o i_o though_o but_o to_o confirm_v it_o neither_o shall_v they_o need_v any_o man_n intercession_n to_o obtain_v it_o but_o when_o tacitus_n have_v declare_v how_o vitellius_n have_v tear_v the_o empire_n in_o piece_n without_o any_o regard_n have_v to_o posterity_n the_o common_a people_n flock_v about_o he_o prince_n but_o not_o of_o prodigal_a prince_n and_o court_v he_o for_o his_o profuse_a gift_n and_o some_o other_o hope_v for_o a_o good_a purchase_n tempt_v he_o with_o ready_a money_n at_o length_n add_v this_o apud_fw-la sapientes_fw-la cassa_fw-mi habebantur_fw-la qua_fw-la neque_fw-la dari_fw-la neque_fw-la accipi_fw-la salva_fw-la republica_fw-la poterant_fw-la that_o such_o gift_n be_v always_o by_o wise_a man_n account_v void_a which_o can_v neither_o be_v give_v nor_o receive_v without_o endanger_v the_o commonwealth_n which_o very_o say_v of_o tacitus_n be_v much_o commend_v by_o mariana_n and_o apply_v to_o the_o vast_a and_o unbounded_a beneficence_n of_o frederick_n king_n of_o naples_n who_o give_v away_o as_o philip_z de_fw-fr comines_n relate_v not_o his_o own_o crown_n land_n only_o but_o other_o man_n also_o according_a as_o his_o fancy_n lead_v he_o the_o same_o may_v very_o fit_o be_v apply_v to_o the_o question_n in_o hand_n and_o therefore_o galba_n make_v no_o scruple_n of_o revoke_v the_o grant_n of_o nero_n even_o from_o those_o that_o have_v purchase_v they_o leave_v the_o ten_o part_n only_o unto_o they_o as_o tacitus_n and_o plutarch_n testify_v so_o do_v basilius_n the_o macedonian_a emperor_n recover_v all_o that_o the_o emperor_n michael_n have_v give_v away_o whereof_o zonaras_n thus_o that_o it_o be_v unanimous_o agree_v that_o they_o that_o have_v receive_v money_n without_o any_o probable_a cause_n shall_v restore_v it_o some_o whole_o and_o other_o one_o half_a the_o like_a do_v charles_n the_o eight_o of_o france_n revoke_v all_o that_o lewis_n the_o eleven_o have_v prodigal_o give_v not_o except_v his_o donative_n to_o the_o church_n as_o commineus_n testify_v 9_o comines_n lib._n 9_o this_o also_o may_v here_o be_v add_v if_o any_o such_o accident_n fall_v out_o wherein_o a_o contract_n make_v by_o a_o king_n be_v discover_v to_o be_v not_o only_o damagable_a but_o pernicious_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n so_o that_o at_o the_o time_n when_o the_o say_a contract_n be_v so_o make_v have_v it_o be_v apply_v to_o that_o case_n it_o have_v be_v judge_v unlawful_a and_o unjust_a then_o may_v that_o contract_n be_v not_o so_o much_o revoke_v as_o declare_v to_o be_v no_o long_o bind_v as_o if_o make_v with_o condition_n of_o be_v void_a in_o that_o case_n without_o which_o condition_n it_o can_v not_o have_v be_v just_o make_v thus_o do_v that_o wise_a queen_n elizabeth_n revoke_v some_o privilege_n grant_v to_o the_o hans-town_n hansiatica_n see_v camden_n elizab._n anno._n 1595_o 1597._o in_o controversia_fw-la hansiatica_n by_o her_o predecessor_n when_o they_o begin_v to_o exact_v they_o as_o due_a by_o rigour_n of_o law_n and_o not_o as_o grant_v they_o by_o the_o mere_a favour_n of_o the_o prince_n allege_v that_o privilege_n grant_v by_o prince_n to_o their_o subject_n much_o more_o to_o stranger_n may_v according_a to_o the_o time_n for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o other_o cause_n be_v lawful_o suspend_v yea_o revoke_v and_o make_v void_a and_o when_o the_o same_o queen_n have_v draw_v a_o dangerous_a war_n upon_o herself_o for_o assist_v the_o hollander_n who_o refuse_v to_o repay_v she_o those_o vast_a sum_n expend_v for_o their_o ten_o year_n defence_n upon_o pretence_n that_o by_o her_o contract_n with_o they_o that_o money_n be_v not_o due_a till_o the_o war_n be_v end_v and_o that_o till_o than_o she_o can_v not_o recede_v from_o her_o contract_n she_o prudent_o reply_v that_o all_o contract_n between_o prince_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v to_o admit_v of_o a_o interpretation_n of_o sincere_a fidelity_n neither_o be_v any_o prince_n bind_v by_o his_o contract_n when_o for_o just_a cause_n that_o contract_n turn_v to_o the_o public_a detriment_n that_o the_o peace_n be_v not_o break_v though_o a_o prince_n recede_v from_o his_o contract_n when_o it_o be_v do_v by_o a_o accident_n of_o a_o new_a case_n or_o when_o it_o come_v to_o a_o new_a case_n which_o have_v it_o be_v think_v on_o have_v otherwise_o be_v provide_v against_o last_o that_o a_o prince_n be_v not_o bind_v by_o any_o contract_n though_o solemn_o make_v if_o it_o tend_v to_o the_o detriment_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n for_o that_o a_o prince_n be_v more_o strong_o bind_v to_o the_o commonwealth_n 1597._o vide_fw-la camd._n eliz._n 1595_o 1597._o than_o to_o his_o own_o promise_n as_o mr._n camden_n record_v and_o what_o be_v here_o say_v of_o contract_n be_v true_a also_o in_o the_o alienation_n of_o the_o people_n money_n and_o of_o any_o other_o thing_n which_o the_o king_n have_v by_o law_n a_o power_n to_o alienate_v for_o the_o public_a good_a for_o herein_o also_o be_v this_o
distinction_n to_o be_v observe_v where_o there_o be_v any_o probable_a reason_n for_o give_v or_o otherwise_o alienate_v what_o be_v the_o people_n but_o in_o case_n the_o king_n shall_v by_o any_o contract_n go_v about_o to_o alienate_v any_o part_n of_o his_o kingdom_n or_o of_o the_o royal_a patrimony_n beyond_o what_o be_v permit_v unto_o he_o such_o a_o contract_n shall_v be_v of_o no_o force_n as_o be_v make_v of_o that_o which_o be_v not_o he_o to_o dispose_v of_o as_o much_o may_v be_v say_v of_o such_o kingdom_n as_o be_v limit_v and_o restrain_v if_o the_o people_n have_v exempt_v any_o either_o matter_n or_o kind_n of_o act_n from_o the_o power_n of_o their_o king_n for_o to_o make_v such_o act_n valid_a the_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n or_o their_o representative_n be_v necessary_o require_v as_o we_o have_v already_o show_v when_o we_o discourse_v of_o alienation_n now_o these_o distinction_n be_v observe_v it_o be_v no_o difficult_a matter_n to_o judge_v whether_o the_o exception_n of_o king_n who_o refuse_v to_o pay_v their_o predecessor_n debt_n who_o heir_n they_o be_v not_o be_v just_a or_o unjust_a whereof_o we_o may_v read_v many_o example_n in_o bodine_n xiii_o of_o the_o grant_n of_o king_n which_o be_v revocable_a and_o which_o not_o neither_o be_v that_o which_o some_o affirm_v to_o be_v admit_v without_o a_o distinction_n namely_o that_o the_o benefit_n of_o prince_n which_o be_v free_o and_o liberal_o grant_v may_v at_o any_o time_n be_v revoke_v for_o some_o benefit_n a_o king_n may_v give_v out_o of_o what_o be_v his_o own_o and_o which_o be_v it_o not_o for_o this_o clause_n at_o the_o prayer_n or_o request_n of_o the_o grant_n may_v well_o pass_v for_o a_o perfect_a donative_n now_o these_o can_v be_v revoke_v unless_o from_o subject_n by_o way_n of_o punishment_n or_o for_o public_a good_a for_o which_o also_o satisfaction_n must_v be_v give_v out_o of_o the_o public_a stock_n if_o possible_a but_o other_o benefit_n there_o be_v which_o only_o take_v away_o the_o bind_a power_n of_o the_o law_n without_o any_o contract_n and_o these_o be_v revocable_a for_o as_o a_o law_n universal_o take_v away_o may_v always_o be_v universal_o restore_v so_o also_o be_v particular_o take_v away_o it_o may_v be_v particular_o restore_v for_o no_o right_n be_v here_o acquire_v against_o the_o lawmaker_n fourteen_o whether_o the_o right_a king_n be_v bind_v by_o contract_n of_o a_o usurper_n but_o by_o such_o contract_n as_o be_v make_v by_o usurper_n or_o such_o as_o without_o any_o just_a title_n invade_v a_o kingdom_n neither_o the_o people_n nor_o their_o lawful_a prince_n be_v oblige_v for_o such_o have_v no_o right_n at_o all_o to_o bind_v they_o yet_o even_o these_o also_o shall_v be_v bind_v by_o those_o contract_n so_o far_o as_o they_o be_v enrich_v by_o those_o contract_n chap._n xv._o of_o league_n and_o sponsion_n i._o public_a agreement_n what_o they_o be_v ii_o divide_v into_o league_n sponsion_n and_o other_o convention_n iii_o how_o these_o differ_v and_o how_o far_o sponsion_n oblige_v iv_o menippus_n his_o division_n of_o league_n reject_v v._o league_n divide_v into_o such_o as_o oblige_v unto_o thing_n agreeable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o from_o whence_o this_o arise_v vi_o and_o unto_o thing_n thereunto_o add_v which_o be_v either_o equal_a vii_o or_o such_o as_o be_v unequal_a which_o again_o be_v divide_v viii_o league_n make_v between_o those_o of_o a_o different_a religion_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v lawful_a ix_o nor_o be_v they_o universal_o forbid_v by_o the_o hebrew_n law_n x._o nor_n by_o the_o christian_a law_n xi_o caution_n concern_v such_o league_n xii_o all_o christian_n be_v oblige_v to_o enter_v into_o a_o league_n against_o such_o as_o be_v enemy_n to_o christianity_n xiii_o if_o diverse_a of_o our_o confederate_n be_v at_o war_n which_o we_o ought_v to_o assist_v explain_v by_o a_o distinction_n fourteen_o whether_o a_o league_n may_v be_v understand_v to_o be_v renew_v tacit_o xv._o whether_o the_o breach_n by_o one_o party_n do_v free_a the_o other_o from_o be_v oblige_v xvi_o how_o far_o the_o sponsor_n stand_v oblige_v in_o case_n what_o they_o undertake_v for_o be_v refuse_v xvii_o whether_o a_o sponsion_n be_v know_v but_o not_o refuse_v do_v oblige_v by_o silence_n this_o explain_v by_o a_o distinction_n i._o public_a convention_n what_o they_o be_v all_o agreement_n be_v by_o ulpian_n divide_v into_o such_o as_o be_v public_a or_o private_a the_o public_a he_o expound_v not_o as_o some_o think_v by_o a_o definition_n but_o by_o example_n the_o first_o whereof_o be_v that_o whereupon_o a_o peace_n be_v conclude_v the_o second_o be_v that_o whereon_o the_o general_n on_o both_o side_n do_v agree_v among_o themselves_o about_o some_o thing_n touch_v the_o war._n by_o public_a agreement_n he_o understand_v those_o which_o can_v be_v make_v but_o by_o such_o as_o have_v the_o right_n of_o empire_n either_o great_a or_o lesser_a whereby_o it_o be_v distinguish_v not_o only_o from_o the_o contract_n of_o private_a person_n but_o from_o the_o contract_n which_o king_n make_v in_o their_o private_a affair_n although_o even_o from_o these_o private_a contract_n a_o war_n be_v sometime_o occasion_v but_o often_o from_o the_o public_a wherefore_o since_o we_o have_v sufficient_o treat_v of_o convention_n in_o general_a we_o will_v add_v thereunto_o some_o thing_n concern_v this_o kind_n which_o of_o all_o other_o be_v the_o most_o excellent_a ii_o how_o divide_v now_o these_o public_a convention_n which_o the_o greek_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d we_o may_v divide_v into_o league_n sponsion_n and_o other_o paction_n iii_o the_o difference_n between_o they_o the_o difference_n between_o league_n and_o sponsion_n we_o may_v learn_v out_o of_o the_o nine_o book_n of_o livy_n where_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o league_n be_v such_o agreement_n as_o be_v make_v by_o the_o command_n of_o the_o supreme_a power_n and_o whereby_o the_o whole_a nation_n be_v make_v liable_a to_o the_o wrath_n of_o god_n if_o they_o infringe_v it_o and_o this_o among_o the_o roman_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v perform_v by_o herald_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o king_n of_o the_o herald_n but_o a_o sponsion_n be_v where_o the_o general_n have_v no_o order_n from_o the_o supreme_a power_n to_o conclude_v any_o thing_n about_o such_o a_o matter_n do_v yet_o promise_v and_o undertake_v something_o concern_v it_o in_o sallust_n we_o read_v thus_o the_o senate_n as_o it_o be_v very_o fit_a have_v decree_v that_o without_o their_o and_o the_o people_n command_n no_o league_n shall_v be_v make_v 24._o lib._n 24._o hieronymus_n king_n of_o syracuse_n as_o livy_n relate_v contract_v friendship_n with_o hannibal_n but_o he_o send_v afterward_o to_o carthage_n to_o make_v of_o that_o alliance_n a_o perfect_a league_n wherefore_o that_o of_o seneca_n the_o father_n where_o he_o say_v 29._o cont._n l._n 4._o c._n 29._o in_o that_o the_o emperor_n strike_v up_o a_o league_n the_o roman_a people_n may_v be_v say_v to_o strike_v it_o up_o and_o to_o be_v conclude_v by_o it_o must_v be_v refer_v to_o those_o ancient_a consul_n or_o general_n who_o have_v receive_v special_a order_n from_o the_o senate_n and_o people_n of_o rome_n so_o to_o do_v but_o in_o monarchical_a estate_n 2._o see_v book_n 3._o ch_n 20._o §._o 2._o the_o sole_a power_n of_o make_v league_n be_v in_o the_o king_n according_a to_o that_o of_o euripides_n adrastum_fw-la hunc_fw-la opus_fw-la jurare_fw-la namque_fw-la be_v jus_o habet_fw-la regni_fw-la potens_fw-la ut_fw-la civitatem_fw-la foedere_fw-la obstringat_fw-la svo_fw-la this_o adrastus_n ought_v to_o swear_v i_o say_v who_o be_v their_o sovereign_n the_o whole_a city_n may_v oblige_v this_o league_n for_o ever_o to_o obey_v now_o as_o inferior_a magistrate_n can_v oblige_v the_o people_n so_o neither_o can_v the_o minor_a part_n of_o the_o people_n oblige_v the_o whole_a but_o let_v we_o here_o inquire_v how_o far_o forth_o they_o be_v bind_v who_o not_o have_v the_o people_n right_a shall_v yet_o undertake_v that_o which_o the_o people_n only_o have_v a_o right_a to_o do_v some_o may_v think_v that_o if_o the_o sponsor_n use_v their_o utmost_a endeavour_n to_o effect_v that_o which_o they_o have_v undertake_v they_o have_v preserve_v their_o faith_n according_a to_o what_o we_o have_v already_o say_v 22._o vid._n sup_v ch_n 11._o §._o 22._o of_o promise_n make_v for_o the_o fact_n of_o a_o three_o person_n but_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o business_n concern_v which_o this_o contract_n be_v make_v require_v a_o strict_a obligation_n for_o no_o man_n in_o contract_n will_v either_o give_v or_o promise_v any_o thing_n of_o his_o own_o but_o expect_v that_o something_o shall_v be_v perform_v unto_o he_o in_o lieu_n thereof_o whence_o it_o be_v that_o by_o
nisi_fw-la sacra_fw-la colenti_fw-la stranger_n shall_v not_o direct_v into_o their_o way_n if_o not_o of_o their_o own_o sect._n the_o like_a do_v tacitus_n record_v of_o they_o 6._o hist_o 6._o apud_fw-la ipsos_fw-la fides_fw-la obstinata_fw-la misericordia_fw-la in_o promptu_fw-la adversus_fw-la omnes_fw-la alios_fw-la hostile_a odium_fw-la between_o themselves_o they_o be_v very_o faithful_a and_o apt_a to_o show_v mercy_n but_o to_o all_o other_o they_o bear_v a_o mortal_a hatred_n but_o because_o they_o be_v command_v to_o be_v thus_o charitable_a to_o their_o brethren_n therefore_o to_o conclude_v that_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a for_o they_o to_o do_v good_a unto_o stranger_n will_v prove_v but_o ill_a consequence_n but_o yet_o such_o be_v the_o corrupt_a gloss_n of_o the_o hebrew_n doctor_n that_o they_o persuade_v the_o jew_n that_o if_o they_o perform_v those_o duty_n of_o justice_n and_o charity_n to_o those_o of_o their_o own_o nation_n they_o have_v sufficient_o fulfil_v the_o law_n though_o to_o all_o other_o they_o be_v not_o uncivil_a only_o but_o barbarous_a as_o indeed_o they_o be_v for_o we_o find_v it_o record_v of_o they_o by_o the_o evangelist_n that_o it_o be_v not_o their_o custom_n to_o eat_v to_o drink_v or_o to_o have_v any_o familiarity_n with_o stranger_n and_o thus_o through_o all_o age_n they_o have_v continue_v as_o appear_v by_o the_o character_n give_v of_o they_o by_o all_o historian_n apollonius_n molo_n object_n against_o they_o thus_o they_o admit_v of_o none_o among_o they_o that_o agree_v not_o with_o they_o in_o matter_n of_o religion_n neither_o will_v they_o communicate_v with_o they_o in_o any_o thing_n thus_o do_v the_o friend_n of_o antiochus_n in_o diodorus_n brand_v they_o a_o people_n they_o be_v of_o all_o other_o the_o most_o unsociable_a to_o stranger_n for_o they_o account_v all_o such_o as_o enemy_n and_o a_o little_a after_o they_o will_v not_o eat_v with_o any_o other_o people_n nor_o so_o much_o as_o salute_v or_o bid_v they_o farewell_n such_o a_o general_a hatred_n they_o bear_v to_o all_o mankind_n the_o like_a testimony_n do_v philostratus_n give_v of_o they_o and_o in_o josephus_n we_o find_v it_o every_o where_o object_v against_o they_o that_o they_o be_v a_o people_n of_o all_o other_o the_o most_o uncivil_a and_o the_o most_o unsociable_a but_o christ_n who_o be_v every_o where_o most_o observant_a of_o the_o law_n do_v by_o his_o own_o example_n teach_v they_o that_o this_o be_v not_o the_o scope_n of_o moses_n nor_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o law_n 4.9_o john_n 4.9_o when_o he_o prefer_v the_o good_a samaritan_n before_o the_o levite_n and_o ask_v and_o receive_v water_n from_o the_o woman_n of_o samaria_n in_o that_o prayer_n which_o king_n solomon_n make_v at_o the_o dedication_n of_o the_o temple_n we_o find_v this_o petition_n that_o god_n will_v vouchsafe_v to_o hear_v the_o prayer_n of_o the_o stranger_n which_o they_o shall_v offer_v up_o unto_o he_o in_o that_o house_n whereunto_o josephus_n add_v these_o word_n 2._o ant._n lib._n 8._o c._n 2._o for_o we_o be_v not_o of_o so_o inhuman_a a_o nature_n as_o to_o stand_v ill_o affect_v to_o stranger_n yet_o herein_o we_o be_v to_o except_v not_o only_o the_o seven_o nation_n above_o mention_v but_o the_o ammonite_n and_o the_o moabite_n of_o who_o we_o find_v it_o write_v thus_o 23.6_o deut._n 23.6_o thou_o shall_v not_o seek_v their_o prosperity_n nor_o their_o good_a all_o thy_o day_n for_o ever_o in_o which_o word_n the_o israelite_n be_v forbid_v to_o make_v any_o league_n of_o society_n or_o amity_n with_o they_o yet_o it_o give_v they_o no_o right_a to_o make_v war_n against_o they_o or_o haply_o this_o place_n of_o deuteronomy_n may_v be_v better_o understand_v according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o some_o of_o the_o hebrew_n doctor_n as_o if_o to_o seek_v a_o peace_n from_o they_o be_v forbid_v but_o not_o to_o accept_v thereof_o when_o offer_v certain_a it_o be_v they_o be_v forbid_v to_o make_v war_n upon_o the_o ammonite_n 11.16_o judg._n 11.16_o deut._n 2.19_o neither_o do_v jephtha_n accept_v it_o till_o they_o have_v obstinate_o refuse_v equal_a condition_n of_o peace_n nor_o david_n till_o he_o be_v provoke_v thereunto_o by_o unsufferable_a injury_n the_o question_n than_o rest_v here_o war._n whether_o we_o may_v join_v with_o infidel_n in_o a_o social_n war._n whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o enter_v into_o a_o social_n war_n with_o infidel_n before_o the_o law_n give_v that_o this_o be_v not_o unlawful_a appear_v by_o the_o practice_n of_o abraham_n who_o assist_v the_o wicked_a sodomite_n in_o their_o war._n neither_o do_v moses_n change_v any_o thing_n herein_o that_o we_o can_v read_v of_o the_o same_o persuasion_n be_v the_o asmonaean_n who_o be_v both_o very_a skilful_a in_o the_o law_n and_o very_o strict_a observer_n of_o it_o witness_v their_o religious_a observation_n of_o the_o sabbath_n whereon_o notwithstanding_o they_o make_v use_v of_o their_o arm_n to_o defend_v themselves_o but_o not_o otherwise_o and_o yet_o we_o find_v they_o enter_v into_o confederacy_n with_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o lacedaemonian_n by_o the_o consent_n both_o of_o priest_n and_o people_n and_o institute_v solemn_a sacrifice_n for_o their_o safety_n these_o asmonaean_n we_o find_v high_o commend_v in_o the_o chaldee_n targum_fw-la in_o the_o book_n of_o the_o maccabee_n and_o in_o the_o epistle_n to_o the_o hebrew_n who_o example_n both_o emperor_n and_o christian_a king_n follow_v make_v league_n with_o such_o as_o be_v either_o not_o at_o all_o christian_n or_o at_o least_o not_o sound_a christian_n as_o constantine_n with_o the_o goth_n and_o vandal_n justinian_n with_o the_o lumbards_n the_o saracen_n the_o franc_n the_o scythian_n so_o do_v theodosius_n honorius_n leo_n heracleus_n basilius_n isacius_n and_o other_o with_o the_o vandal_n and_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n with_o the_o moor_n now_o the_o example_n that_o be_v bring_v out_o of_o the_o scripture_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o contrary_a opinion_n have_v cause_n peculiar_a to_o themselves_o for_o certain_o some_o king_n and_o people_n there_o be_v beside_o those_o forbid_a by_o the_o law_n who_o be_v so_o wicked_a that_o god_n by_o his_o prophet_n declare_v his_o purpose_n to_o destroy_v they_o now_o to_o join_v in_o confederacy_n with_o these_o be_v doubtless_o unlawful_a thus_o do_v the_o prophet_n reprove_v jehosophat_n for_o join_v in_o league_n with_o ahab_n yea_o and_o seem_v to_o threaten_v he_o for_o it_o shall_v thou_o help_v the_o ungodly_a and_o love_v they_o that_o hate_v the_o lord_n 19.2_o 2_o chr._n 19.2_o therefore_o be_v wrath_n upon_o thou_o from_o before_o the_o lord_n for_o the_o prophet_n micah_n have_v before_o tell_v the_o unhappy_a success_n of_o that_o war._n so_o do_v another_o prophet_n reprove_v amasia_n for_o wage_n a_o war_n with_o a_o army_n hire_v out_o of_o israel_n let_v not_o the_o army_n of_o israel_n go_v with_o thou_o 25.7_o 2_o chr._n 25.7_o for_o the_o lord_n be_v not_o with_o they_o but_o this_o be_v not_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o unlawfulness_n of_o the_o league_n but_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o person_n as_o may_v be_v evince_v by_o this_o that_o god_n do_v sharp_o rebuke_v and_o threaten_v jehosophat_n for_o associate_a himself_o with_o ahaziah_n king_n of_o israel_n though_o it_o be_v but_o for_o traffic_v and_o yet_o when_o david_n and_o solomon_n do_v the_o like_a with_o hiram_n god_n do_v not_o only_o not_o reprove_v but_o in_o part_n commend_v they_o for_o it_o 18._o constit_fw-la clem._n lib._n 6._o c._n 18._o for_o in_o that_o ahaziah_n be_v say_v to_o do_v very_o wicked_o it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o his_o life_n which_o be_v aggravate_v in_o that_o be_v a_o israelite_n he_o have_v forsake_v the_o god_n of_o his_o father_n and_o therefore_o be_v god_n provoke_v to_o blast_v all_o his_o enterprise_n for_o this_o also_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o case_n of_o those_o who_o be_v israelite_n forsake_v the_o lord_n who_o they_o know_v 3._o esay_n 8.6_o 1_o chr._n 16.12_o ambr._n ad_fw-la rom._n 3._o be_v far_o worse_a than_o of_o those_o that_o be_v stranger_n for_o against_o those_o that_o make_v this_o defection_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o people_n may_v take_v arm_n and_o destroy_v they_o and_o all_o they_o have_v deut._n 13.13_o sometime_o again_o where_o the_o league_n be_v blame_v it_o be_v not_o for_o the_o league_n sake_n but_o for_o the_o wicked_a intention_n of_o he_o that_o make_v it_o so_o god_n reprove_v asa_n for_o betake_v himself_o to_o the_o syrian_a namely_o out_o of_o diffidence_n which_o he_o have_v declare_v by_o send_v the_o vessel_n consecrate_v to_o god_n unto_o the_o syrian_a so_o when_o he_o be_v sick_a 16.12_o 1_o chr._n 16.12_o he_o place_v more_o confidence_n in_o his_o physician_n than_o
such_o a_o limit_a time_n as_o most_o some_o of_o these_o be_v insert_v it_o will_v from_o hence_o sufficient_o appear_v that_o the_o league_n be_v real_a such_o be_v the_o league_n make_v between_o the_o roman_n and_o philip_n king_n of_o macedon_n which_o when_o his_o son_n perseus_n deny_v to_o bind_v he_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o war_n ensue_v there_o be_v also_o other_o word_n that_o may_v serve_v to_o prove_v a_o league_n to_o be_v real_a yea_o and_o sometime_o the_o matter_n itself_o may_v administer_v ground_n for_o probable_a conjecture_n and_o where_o the_o conjecture_n be_v equal_o probable_a there_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o those_o league_n which_o be_v favourable_a and_o equal_a shall_v be_v account_v real_a those_o that_o be_v grievous_a and_o hateful_a personal_a league_n make_v for_o the_o preservation_n of_o mutual_a peace_n or_o commerce_n be_v favourable_a those_o that_o be_v make_v for_o war_n be_v not_o always_o odious_a as_o some_o hold_n but_o if_o 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such_o a_o act_n if_o more_o do_v it_o together_o to_o who_o be_v the_o promise_v due_a another_o question_n we_o find_v handle_v of_o old_a by_o chrysippus_n namely_o whether_o a_o reward_v promise_v to_o he_o that_o shall_v first_o arrive_v at_o such_o a_o place_n be_v to_o be_v give_v to_o both_o if_o both_o arrive_v together_o or_o else_o to_o neither_o where_o we_o must_v observe_v that_o the_o word_n first_o be_v ambiguous_a for_o either_o it_o signify_v one_o that_o precede_v all_o the_o rest_n or_o one_o before_o who_o none_o but_o because_o the_o reward_n due_a to_o virtue_n be_v to_o be_v construe_v with_o favour_n both_o of_o they_o that_o shall_v arrive_v together_o shall_v share_v the_o reward_n between_o they_o although_o the_o liberality_n of_o scipio_n caesar_n julian_n and_o other_o be_v more_o honourable_a who_o to_o each_o of_o they_o that_o first_o scale_v the_o wall_n if_o more_o than_o one_o do_v it_o together_o give_v the_o entire_a reward_n promise_v and_o let_v these_o suffice_v to_o be_v say_v concern_v the_o proper_a and_o improper_a signification_n of_o word_n xx._n a_o conjecture_n offer_v itself_o either_o extend_v the_o signification_n and_o when_o there_o be_v also_o another_o way_n of_o interpret_n by_o conjecture_n beyond_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n wherein_o the_o promise_n be_v contain_v and_o this_o also_o be_v twofold_n either_o by_o extend_v they_o far_o than_o the_o word_n signify_v or_o by_o restrain_v they_o but_o that_o interpretation_n which_o restrain_v the_o signification_n of_o word_n be_v easy_a but_o that_o which_o enlarge_v they_o more_o difficult_a for_o as_o in_o all_o humane_a thing_n the_o want_n of_o any_o one_o cause_n be_v enough_o to_o make_v all_o the_o rest_n ineffectual_a but_o to_o produce_v a_o effect_n all_o the_o cause_n must_v concur_v so_o also_o in_o this_o case_n of_o obligation_n that_o conjecture_n that_o shall_v
it_o manifest_o turn_v to_o the_o public_a detriment_n or_o when_o it_o be_v do_v by_o the_o accident_n of_o a_o new_a case_n or_o when_o a_o new_a case_n arise_v which_o have_v it_o be_v foresee_v will_v have_v be_v provide_v against_o for_o that_o every_o contract_n though_o swear_v be_v understand_v with_o this_o reserve_a condition_n if_o matter_n continue_v in_o the_o same_o state_n but_o not_o if_o they_o be_v change_v which_o that_o wise_a queen_n ground_v upon_o the_o authority_n of_o seneca_n a_o wise_a man_n change_v not_o his_o resolution_n all_o thing_n continue_v as_o they_o be_v at_o the_o time_n when_o he_o make_v it_o nor_o can_v he_o be_v say_v to_o repent_v because_o at_o that_o time_n and_o as_o the_o case_n then_o stand_v no_o better_a counsel_n can_v be_v follow_v than_o be_v then_o resolve_v on_o and_o when_o the_o hans-town_n complain_v against_o she_o to_o the_o emperor_n that_o their_o privilege_n be_v break_v in_o england_n and_o their_o custom_n much_o enhanse_v she_o answer_v that_o those_o privilege_n be_v by_o authority_n of_o parliament_n abrogate_a as_o be_v not_o convenient_a for_o the_o time_n be_v grant_v when_o traffic_n and_o merchandize_n lay_v dead_a among_o the_o english_a and_o for_o her_o custom_n she_o say_v that_o the_o commonwealth_n can_v not_o subsist_v if_o no_o other_o custom_n shall_v now_o be_v pay_v by_o the_o hans-town_n than_o what_o be_v pay_v three_o hundred_o year_n before_o and_o much_o to_o this_o purpose_n be_v that_o of_o seneca_n be_v invite_v to_o a_o feast_n i_o will_v go_v because_o i_o have_v promise_v although_o it_o be_v cold_a i_o will_v arise_v to_o a_o wedding_n because_o i_o have_v promise_v although_o i_o be_o not_o sufficient_o refresh_v with_o sleep_n but_o not_o if_o i_o be_o feverish_a although_o i_o have_v promise_v nor_o will_v i_o stand_v bind_v with_o thou_o for_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v uncertain_a though_o thou_o bid_v i_o in_o case_n thou_o be_v indebt_v to_o the_o exchequer_n for_o in_o all_o these_o promise_v there_o be_v some_o tacit_a exception_n to_o be_v understand_v namely_o if_o i_o can_v or_o if_o i_o ought_v so_o to_o do_v if_o thing_n be_v then_o as_o they_o now_o be_v effice_n ut_fw-la idem_fw-la status_fw-la sit_fw-la cum_fw-la exigitur_fw-la qui_fw-la fuit_fw-la cum_fw-la promitterem_fw-la make_v the_o case_n the_o same_o when_o thou_o exact_a my_o promise_n as_o it_o be_v when_o i_o make_v it_o if_o any_o new_a thing_n intervene_v it_o be_v not_o levity_n or_o inconstancy_n in_o i_o if_o i_o fail_v what_o wonder_n be_v it_o if_o a_o man_n change_v his_o mind_n and_o counsel_n when_o his_o condition_n be_v change_v eadem_fw-la mihi_fw-la omne_fw-la praesta_fw-la &_o idem_fw-la sum_fw-la make_v all_o thing_n the_o same_o and_o then_o i_o also_o be_o the_o same_o xxviii_o other_o sign_n whereby_o we_o may_v guess_v that_o such_o a_o case_n ought_v to_o be_v exempt_v there_o be_v also_o as_o we_o have_v say_v other_o sign_n of_o the_o will_n whereby_o we_o may_v conjecture_v that_o that_o case_n be_v to_o have_v be_v exempt_v among_o which_o there_o be_v none_o more_o convince_a than_o word_n speak_v or_o recite_v in_o some_o place_n not_o where_o they_o do_v direct_o contradict_v each_o other_o which_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d whereof_o we_o make_v mention_v above_o but_o when_o as_o it_o be_v unexpected_o from_o the_o very_a event_n of_o thing_n they_o seem_v to_o clash_v one_o against_o another_o which_o the_o greek_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d xxix_o what_o rule_n shall_v then_o guide_v our_o conjecture_n now_o when_o such_o a_o case_n happen_v which_o part_n of_o the_o write_v aught_o to_o prevail_v with_o we_o we_o may_v be_v instruct_v by_o some_o rule_n that_o cicero_n 2._o cicero_n de_fw-fr invent._n 2._o verina_n 2._o have_v leave_v we_o out_o of_o some_o ancient_a and_o approve_a author_n which_o be_v by_o no_o mean_n to_o be_v slight_v yet_o in_o my_o opinion_n be_v they_o not_o digest_v into_o a_o right_a order_n and_o therefore_o i_o think_v fit_a to_o place_v they_o thus_o that_o that_o which_o be_v permit_v do_v always_o give_v place_n to_o that_o which_o be_v enjoin_v for_o as_o quintilian_n say_v semper_fw-la potentior_fw-la lex_fw-la est_fw-la qua_fw-la vetat_fw-la quà m_fw-la quae_fw-la permittit_fw-la that_o law_n that_o command_v be_v always_o strong_a than_o that_o which_o permit_v because_o he_o that_o permit_v any_o thing_n be_v conceive_v to_o permit_v it_o unless_o somewhat_o else_o do_v hinder_v than_o what_o be_v then_o treat_v of_o and_o therefore_o plus_fw-fr valet_fw-la sanctio_fw-la quam_fw-la permissio_fw-la a_o decree_n or_o sanction_n be_v more_o prevalent_a than_o a_o toleration_n second_o that_o what_o be_v to_o be_v do_v at_o a_o time_n prefix_v be_v always_o prefer_v before_o what_o may_v be_v do_v at_o any_o time_n from_o whence_o it_o follow_v that_o for_o the_o most_o part_n that_o which_o forbid_v be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o that_o which_o enjoin_v because_o what_o prohibit_n bind_v we_o at_o all_o time_n but_o so_o do_v not_o that_o which_o command_v unless_o it_o be_v either_o when_o the_o time_n be_v express_v or_o that_o the_o command_n comprehend_v under_o it_o some_o tacit_a prohibition_n again_o that_o in_o such_o agreement_n as_o be_v in_o their_o quality_n beforenamed_n equal_a that_o shall_v be_v prefer_v which_o be_v most_o proper_a and_o come_v near_a to_o the_o matter_n in_o question_n for_o particular_n be_v always_o more_o efficacious_a than_o general_n and_o in_o thing_n prohibit_v that_o those_o which_o have_v a_o penalty_n affix_v be_v prefer_v before_o those_o that_o have_v none_o and_o those_o that_o have_v a_o great_a penalty_n before_o those_o that_o have_v a_o lesser_a as_o also_o that_o those_o be_v prefer_v that_o have_v cause_n affix_v either_o more_o honest_a or_o more_o profitable_a and_o in_o the_o last_o place_n that_o that_o which_o be_v speak_v last_n be_v more_o valid_a than_o that_o which_o be_v speak_v before_o of_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v this_o also_o must_v be_v here_o repeat_v that_o look_v what_o agreement_n be_v swear_v unto_o must_v be_v understand_v in_o the_o most_o usual_a propriety_n of_o speech_n and_o that_o all_o secret_a reservation_n and_o restriction_n more_o than_o the_o very_a nature_n of_o the_o thing_n do_v necessary_o require_v be_v altogether_o disow_v wherefore_o also_o in_o case_n a_o agreement_n swear_v shall_v in_o effect_n clash_n with_o that_o which_o be_v not_o swear_v that_o which_o be_v bind_v by_o a_o oath_n shall_v be_v prefer_v xxx_o in_o a_o case_n that_o be_v dubious_a a_o write_n be_v not_o require_v to_o complete_a the_o contract_n it_o be_v also_o usual_o question_v whether_o in_o a_o doubtful_a case_n a_o contract_n ought_v to_o be_v account_v perfect_a and_o complete_a before_o the_o write_n be_v sign_v and_o deliver_v for_o this_o muraena_fw-la allege_v against_o the_o agreement_n make_v between_o sylla_n and_o mithridates_n to_o i_o it_o be_v very_o plain_a that_o unless_o it_o be_v otherwise_o agree_v on_o the_o write_n stand_v but_o as_o the_o last_a monument_n of_o the_o contract_n and_o not_o as_o any_o part_n of_o the_o substance_n of_o it_o if_o otherwise_o it_o must_v be_v so_o express_v as_o in_o that_o make_v with_o nabis_n where_o it_o be_v provide_v that_o those_o condition_n shall_v be_v of_o force_n from_o that_o day_n whereon_o they_o shall_v be_v publish_v by_o nabis_n xxxi_o the_o contract_n of_o king_n not_o always_o to_o be_v interpret_v by_o the_o roman_a law_n but_o i_o can_v admit_v of_o their_o opinion_n who_o hold_v that_o the_o contract_n of_o king_n and_o free_a state_n be_v to_o be_v interpret_v as_o far_o as_o be_v possible_a by_o the_o roman_a law_n unless_o it_o appear_v that_o among_o those_o people_n the_o civil_a law_n in_o such_o thing_n as_o concern_v the_o right_n of_o nation_n have_v ever_o be_v receive_v for_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n which_o be_v not_o rash_o to_o be_v presume_v xxxii_o whether_o his_o word_n that_o offer_v or_o his_o that_o accept_v be_v most_o bind_v as_o to_o that_o question_n move_v by_o plutarch_n in_o his_o symposiack_n namely_o whether_o the_o word_n of_o he_o that_o propose_v condition_n or_o of_o he_o that_o accept_v of_o they_o be_v most_o bind_v it_o appear_v to_o i_o that_o see_v it_o be_v he_o that_o accept_v that_o promise_v they_o be_v his_o word_n if_o absolute_a and_o in_o themselves_o that_o give_v form_n and_o be_v to_o the_o contract_n for_o if_o he_o regard_v the_o word_n of_o he_o that_o offer_v condition_n affirmative_o he_o shall_v be_v think_v to_o repeat_v those_o very_a word_n in_o his_o promise_n according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o relative_n but_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o before_o the_o condition_n be_v accept_v even_o he_o
wherefore_o in_o case_n any_o heinous_a crime_n be_v commit_v by_o they_o they_o be_v require_v to_o be_v deliver_v up_o by_o the_o ambassador_n to_o punishment_n but_o they_o be_v by_o no_o mean_n to_o be_v take_v from_o he_o by_o force_n which_o when_o once_o do_v by_o the_o achaian_n who_o seize_v upon_o some_o lacedaemonian_n who_o attend_v upon_o the_o roman_a ambassador_n the_o roman_n present_o cry_v out_o that_o they_o have_v violate_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n whereunto_o also_o we_o may_v refer_v the_o judgement_n of_o sallust_n concern_v bomilcar_n which_o we_o have_v former_o quote_v but_o if_o the_o ambassador_n shall_v refuse_v to_o deliver_v he_o than_o we_o be_v to_o proceed_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o be_v before_o prescribe_v against_o the_o ambassador_n himself_o but_o whether_o the_o ambassador_n have_v jurisdiction_n over_o his_o own_o family_n or_o whether_o his_o house_n be_v a_o sanctuary_n for_o all_o such_o as_o shall_v fly_v unto_o it_o for_o refuge_n depend_v upon_o the_o pleasure_n of_o he_o to_o who_o he_o be_v send_v for_o this_o belong_v not_o at_o all_o to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n ix_o and_o to_o their_o movable_a good_n the_o movable_a good_n also_o of_o a_o ambassador_n and_o whatsoever_o else_o shall_v appertain_v to_o his_o person_n be_v not_o to_o be_v receive_v in_o pawn_n or_o attach_v for_o any_o debt_n neither_o by_o any_o ordinary_a course_n of_o law_n nor_o by_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o king_n himself_o which_o some_o hold_n as_o the_o true_a opinion_n for_o no_o force_n or_o compulsion_n must_v be_v by_o any_o mean_n use_v against_o he_o or_o he_o that_o so_o he_o may_v enjoy_v a_o absolute_a and_o perfect_a security_n and_o if_o he_o shall_v have_v contract_v any_o debt_n and_o have_v no_o real_a estate_n as_o it_o usual_o fall_v out_o he_o must_v only_o be_v fair_o entreat_v to_o discharge_v they_o which_o if_o he_o refuse_v then_o be_v he_o that_o send_v he_o to_o be_v likewise_o entreat_v to_o pay_v they_o but_o if_o neither_o will_v do_v it_o then_o in_o the_o last_o place_n we_o must_v flee_v to_o such_o remedy_n as_o be_v provide_v against_o such_o debtor_n as_o do_v reside_v in_o foreign_a country_n yet_o be_v it_o no_o breach_n of_o their_o privilege_n that_o their_o coffer_n be_v search_v at_o their_o first_o entrance_n in_o case_n it_o be_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o country_n whereunto_o they_o be_v send_v as_o it_o happen_v to_o sir_n thomas_n chaloner_n in_o spain_n who_o complain_v thereof_o to_o queen_n elizabeth_n and_o desire_v to_o be_v recall_v 1561._o cambden_n eliz._n anno_fw-la 1561._o be_v prudent_o answer_v by_o that_o most_o wise_a queen_n that_o a_o ambassador_n shall_v take_v all_o thing_n in_o good_a part_n so_o as_o his_o prince_n honour_n be_v not_o direct_o violate_v x._o example_n where_o there_o be_v obligation_n but_o no_o power_n to_o compel_v neither_o be_v there_o any_o cause_n to_o fear_v as_o some_o may_v imagine_v that_o if_o the_o case_n be_v thus_o with_o ambassador_n no_o man_n will_v trust_v they_o or_o make_v any_o contract_n with_o they_o for_o the_o king_n himself_o though_o he_o can_v be_v compel_v to_o any_o thing_n yet_o never_o want_v creditor_n if_o they_o give_v good_a price_n and_o among_o some_o nation_n as_o damascen_n inform_v we_o it_o be_v customable_a that_o as_o to_o such_o debt_n as_o be_v contract_v upon_o trust_n there_o be_v no_o remedy_n provide_v by_o law_n no_o more_o than_o there_o be_v against_o man_n that_o be_v ungrateful_a so_o that_o man_n in_o those_o part_n be_v compel_v either_o to_o pay_v ready_o for_o what_o they_o buy_v and_o on_o both_o side_n to_o fulfil_v alike_o all_o their_o agreement_n or_o to_o content_v themselves_o with_o the_o bare_a faith_n and_o credit_n of_o the_o debtor_n seneca_n seem_v to_o envy_v the_o happiness_n of_o those_o country_n by_o wish_v the_o same_o custom_n in_o all_o place_n 15._o de_fw-fr benef_fw-fr lib._n 3._o c._n 15._o i_o will_v to_o god_n say_v he_o that_o we_o can_v persuade_v all_o people_n that_o money_n lend_v upon_o credit_n shall_v be_v recover_v only_o from_o those_o man_n who_o be_v willing_a to_o pay_v and_o that_o no_o stipulation_n shall_v bind_v the_o buyer_n to_o the_o seller_n and_o that_o no_o write_a contract_n or_o covenant_n under_o hand_n and_o seal_n shall_v be_v preserve_v but_o rather_o that_o the_o performance_n of_o they_o shall_v be_v leave_v to_o the_o faith_n and_o honesty_n of_o the_o debtor_n appian_n relate_v of_o the_o persian_n that_o they_o hate_v the_o borrow_n of_o money_n as_o be_v a_o inlet_n to_o fraud_n falshood_n and_o perjury_n 15._o lib._n 4._o lib._n 15._o and_o aelian_a report_n the_o very_a same_o of_o the_o indian_n with_o who_o agree_v strabo_n in_o these_o word_n judicia_fw-la non_fw-la esse_fw-la nisi_fw-la de_fw-la caede_fw-la &_o injuria_fw-la etc._n etc._n there_o be_v no_o judicatory_n unless_o it_o be_v for_o murder_n and_o injury_n do_v because_o it_o be_v not_o in_o the_o power_n of_o any_o man_n to_o avoid_v these_o but_o as_o to_o contract_n and_o agreement_n it_o be_v in_o the_o choice_n of_o every_o man_n to_o make_v they_o or_o to_o refuse_v they_o and_o therefore_o if_o any_o man_n break_v his_o faith_n with_o we_o we_o be_v to_o bear_v it_o patient_o and_o to_o learn_v rather_o to_o be_v wise_a in_o take_v heed_n before_o hand_n who_o we_o trust_v than_o by_o our_o folly_n to_o fill_v the_o city_n we_o live_v in_o with_o lawsuit_n it_o be_v also_o wise_o enact_v by_o charonda_n that_o no_o man_n shall_v have_v his_o action_n at_o law_n against_o that_o man_n who_o faith_n he_o think_v fit_a to_o take_v for_o the_o price_n of_o what_o he_o sell_v he_o which_o plato_n likewise_o approve_v of_o 15._o l._n 8._o de_fw-fr leg._n mor._n nic._n 8._o 15._o this_o be_v also_o observe_v by_o aristotle_n in_o some_o country_n say_v he_o there_o be_v no_o recover_v of_o such_o debt_n by_o lawsuit_n for_o they_o conceive_v that_o man_n ought_v to_o acquiesce_v and_o to_o be_v content_v with_o the_o faith_n of_o that_o man_n who_o they_o think_v worthy_a to_o be_v trust_v 1._o mor._n l._n 9_o c._n 1._o so_o in_o another_o place_n some_o country_n there_o be_v where_o the_o law_n do_v forbid_v a_o man_n to_o recover_v by_o law_n that_o which_o he_o have_v trust_v upon_o the_o faith_n of_o another_o as_o if_o he_o with_o who_o we_o have_v make_v any_o contract_n and_o on_o who_o faith_n we_o have_v take_v be_v private_o only_a to_o be_v deal_v with_o those_o argument_n which_o from_o the_o roman_a law_n be_v bring_v against_o this_o opinion_n be_v to_o be_v refer_v not_o unto_o our_o ambassador_n but_o unto_o such_o as_o be_v send_v from_o province_n or_o from_o particular_a city_n xi_o profane_a history_n be_v full_a of_o the_o example_n of_o war_n undertake_v for_o the_o affront_v offer_v to_o ambassador_n and_o in_o the_o sacred_a story_n we_o read_v of_o a_o war_n make_v by_o king_n david_n against_o the_o ammonite_n upon_o that_o ground_n neither_o can_v there_o be_v any_o cause_n more_o just_a as_o cicero_n plead_v against_o king_n mithridates_n chap._n xix_o of_o the_o right_n of_o burial_n i._o from_o the_o same_o law_n of_o nation_n arise_v the_o right_a of_o bury_v the_o dead_a ii_o whence_o this_o spring_n iii_o it_o be_v due_a even_o to_o enemy_n iv_o whether_o to_o such_o as_o be_v notorious_o wicked_a v._o whether_o to_o such_o as_o kill_v themselves_o vi_o what_o other_o thing_n be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n due_a i._o from_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n arise_v the_o right_a of_o burial_n from_o the_o same_o law_n of_o nation_n which_o be_v voluntary_a arise_v the_o right_a of_o bury_v the_o body_n of_o the_o dead_a dion_z chrysostome_n among_o those_o custom_n which_o he_o oppose_v to_o write_v law_n place_v this_o of_o burial_n next_o to_o the_o right_n due_a to_o ambassador_n and_o seneca_n the_o father_n among_o those_o law_n that_o be_v unwritten_a which_o yet_o be_v more_o firm_a and_o bind_v than_o those_o that_o be_v write_v insert_v this_o of_o the_o interment_n of_o the_o dead_a the_o hebrew_n historiographer_n philo_n and_o josephus_n term_v this_o the_o right_a of_o nature_n and_o isidore_n pelusiota_n one_o of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o it_o be_v very_o usual_a with_o they_o to_o comprehend_v all_o such_o custom_n as_o be_v common_a among_o all_o nation_n and_o agreeable_a to_o natural_a reason_n under_o the_o notion_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o show_v and_o no_o marvel_n 19_o epist_n ult_n edit_fw-la 491._o lib._n 12._o lib._n 13._o hist_o 8._o 19_o see_v that_o as_o aelian_a speak_v the_o burial_n of_o the_o dead_a be_v a_o thing_n command_v even_o by_o nature_n
itself_o and_o in_o another_o place_n the_o earth_n and_o grave_n be_v to_o all_o man_n common_a and_o alike_o due_a eusebius_n also_o reckon_v it_o among_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o euripides_n the_o law_n of_o mortal_n aristides_n call_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o law_n common_a to_o all_o man_n papinius_n the_o law_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n and_o the_o general_a league_n of_o the_o world_n tacitus_n the_o great_a commerce_n of_o humane_a condition_n and_o lysias_n the_o orator_n the_o common_a hope_n of_o all_o he_o that_o hinder_v the_o burn_a of_o the_o body_n of_o dead_a man_n be_v say_v in_o claudian_n to_o divest_v himself_o of_o all_o humanity_n and_o by_o the_o emperor_n leo_n to_o reproach_n nature_n herself_o and_o by_o isidore_n to_o profane_v that_o which_o be_v holy_a and_o because_o the_o ancient_n observe_v that_o what_o right_n soever_o be_v common_a to_o all_o civilise_v nation_n to_o the_o end_n that_o they_o may_v be_v repute_v the_o more_o sacred_a be_v attribute_v to_o the_o god_n as_o their_o author_n as_o they_o do_v the_o right_n of_o ambassador_n so_o we_o find_v that_o they_o every_o where_n ascribe_v unto_o they_o this_o right_n also_o in_o one_o of_o the_o tragedy_n of_o euripides_n and_o in_o one_o also_o of_o sophocles_n you_o may_v find_v it_o call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d ajace_n supplic_n ajace_n a_o divine_a law_n and_o in_o another_o antigone_n antigone_n you_o may_v find_v it_o reckon_v among_o the_o law_n of_o the_o go_n and_o isocrates_n discourse_v of_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o war_n which_o theseus_n make_v against_o creon_n bring_v in_o adrastus_n have_v lose_v his_o army_n before_o thebes_n and_o by_o creon_n deny_v leave_v to_o bury_v the_o dead_a supplicate_v theseus_n then_o king_n of_o athens_n that_o he_o will_v commiserate_v those_o brave_a man_n that_o lay_v unbury_v before_o thebes_n and_o that_o he_o will_v not_o suffer_v the_o ancient_a custom_n to_o be_v despise_v nor_o that_o common_a right_o violate_v which_o all_o mankind_n may_v lay_v claim_n to_o as_o be_v institute_v not_o by_o a_o humane_a but_o by_o a_o divine_a power_n which_o when_o theseus_n hear_v he_o immediate_o send_v his_o ambassador_n to_o thebes_n the_o same_o author_n exceed_o blame_v the_o theban_n for_o prefer_v their_o own_o decree_n before_o the_o law_n of_o the_o go_n and_o not_o only_a isocrates_n in_o this_o place_n but_o herodotus_n in_o his_o calliope_n diodorus_n siculus_n in_o the_o four_o of_o his_o history_n xenophon_n in_o the_o six_o of_o his_o grecian_a history_n and_o many_o other_o historian_n do_v unanimous_o assert_v that_o this_o war_n of_o theseus_n be_v undertake_v for_o the_o common_a cause_n of_o all_o mankind_n and_o every_o where_o in_o all_o author_n of_o the_o best_a account_n we_o read_v this_o office_n of_o bury_v the_o dead_a commend_v unto_o we_o under_o the_o most_o specious_a name_n of_o the_o best_a virtue_n 1._o orat._n pro_fw-la quintio_fw-la lib._n 6._o c._n 11_o 22._o lib._n 5._o c._n 1._o cicero_n and_o lactantius_n commend_v it_o as_o a_o act_n of_o humanity_n valerius_n maximus_n as_o a_o act_n of_o humanity_n and_o courtesy_n quintilian_n as_o a_o act_n of_o humanity_n and_o religion_n seneca_n as_o a_o act_n of_o compassion_n and_o humanity_n philo_n attribute_n it_o to_o pity_n and_o commiseration_n of_o common_a nature_n tacitus_n call_v it_o the_o commerce_n of_o humane_a condition_n and_o ulpian_n ascribe_v it_o to_o mercy_n and_o piety_n euripides_n and_o lactantius_n term_v it_o a_o act_n of_o justice_n and_o of_o piety_n 12._o lib._n 6._o c._n 12._o ultimum_fw-la illud_fw-la &_o maximum_fw-la pietatis_fw-la officium_fw-la est_fw-la peregrinorum_fw-la &_o pauperum_fw-la sepultura_fw-la to_o bury_v the_o stranger_n and_o the_o poor_a be_v the_o last_o and_o great_a duty_n of_o piety_n say_v lactantius_n as_o on_o the_o contrary_a to_o deny_v burial_n to_o the_o dead_a as_o the_o donatist_n do_v the_o body_n of_o the_o catholic_n optatus_n milevitanus_fw-la condemn_v as_o impiety_n and_o in_o papinus_n we_o read_v bello_fw-la cogendus_fw-la &_o armis_fw-la in_o mores_fw-la hominemque_fw-la creon_n by_o war_n and_o arm_n must_v creon_n be_v enforce_v to_o custom_n and_o humanity_n spartianus_n brand_v such_o man_n with_o infamy_n callae_n vita_fw-la cara_fw-it callae_n as_o if_o they_o have_v no_o respect_n or_o reverence_n at_o all_o to_o humanity_n and_o livy_n call_v it_o a_o brutish_a cruelty_n beyond_o the_o belief_n of_o humane_a anger_n homer_n bring_v in_o jupiter_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o god_n as_o be_v offend_v at_o achilles_n for_o abuse_v the_o body_n of_o hector_n and_o lactantius_n condemn_v their_o wisdom_n as_o savour_v too_o much_o of_o impiety_n who_o esteem_v all_o care_n in_o bury_v the_o dead_a superfluous_a ii_o whence_o this_o custom_n arise_v upon_o what_o ground_n this_o custom_n of_o bury_v the_o body_n of_o the_o dead_a be_v at_o first_o introduce_v whether_o embalm_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o egyptian_n or_o burn_v according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o grecian_n or_o inter_v as_o we_o now_o use_v which_o cicero_n approve_v as_o the_o most_o ancient_a 54._o nat._n hist_o l._n 7._o c._n 54._o and_o after_o he_o pliny_n who_o make_v this_o difference_n between_o sepultus_fw-la and_o humatus_fw-la as_o if_o he_o be_v understand_v to_o be_v sepultus_fw-la who_o body_n be_v by_o any_o mean_v keep_v and_o preserve_v but_o he_o only_o to_o be_v humatus_fw-la that_o be_v cover_v with_o earth_n it_o be_v not_o agree_v upon_o on_o all_o side_n moschion_n attribute_n it_o to_o the_o savage_a cruelty_n of_o the_o giant_n who_o be_v wont_a to_o devour_v the_o dead_a body_n of_o man_n cujus_fw-la abolitae_fw-la signum_fw-la est_fw-la sepultura_fw-la the_o abolish_n of_o which_o brutish_a custom_n be_v signify_v by_o sepulture_n other_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o by_o this_o mean_n man_n seem_v voluntary_o to_o pay_v that_o debt_n which_o nature_n will_v exact_v from_o we_o though_o we_o be_v otherwise_o unwilling_a for_o that_o all_o humane_a body_n be_v extract_v from_o the_o earth_n shall_v return_v to_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o say_v by_o god_n only_o unto_o adam_n but_o all_o both_o greek_n and_o latin_n do_v every_o where_o acknowledge_v cicero_n quote_v this_o out_o of_o euripides_n that_o reddenda_fw-la terrae_fw-la terra_fw-la earth_n must_v to_o earth_n return_v which_o also_o be_v the_o very_a word_n of_o solomon_n eccles_n 12.7_o 12.7_o eccles_n 12.7_o then_o shall_v the_o dust_n return_v to_o the_o earth_n as_o it_o be_v and_o the_o spirit_n shall_v return_v unto_o god_n that_o give_v it_o now_o on_o this_o subject_n what_o say_v solomon_n more_o than_o euripides_n who_o in_o the_o person_n of_o theseus_n say_v thus_o jam_fw-la sinite_fw-la terrae_fw-la mortuos_fw-la gremio_fw-la tegi_fw-la res_fw-la unde_fw-la quaeque_fw-la sumpserat_fw-la primordium_fw-la eo_fw-la recipitur_fw-la spiritus_fw-la coelo_fw-la redit_fw-la corpusque_fw-la terrae_fw-la jure_fw-la nec_fw-la enim_fw-la mancupî_fw-la sed_fw-la brevis_fw-la ad_fw-la aevi_fw-la tempus_fw-la utendum_fw-la datur_fw-la mox_fw-la terra_fw-la repetit_fw-la ipsa_fw-la quod_fw-la nutriverat_fw-la now_o let_v the_o dead_a be_v unto_o earth_n bequeath_v and_o each_o return_n from_o whence_o it_o once_o receive_v its_o be_v then_o will_v the_o spirit_n soon_o retire_v to_o heaven_n the_o flesh_n to_o dust_n from_o whence_o it_o come_v not_o give_v but_o for_o a_o short_a time_n lend_v that_o past_a and_o go_v the_o earth_n what_o it_o so_o lend_v soon_o seize_v on_o lucretius_n speak_v of_o the_o earth_n say_v she_o be_v of_o all_o the_o womb_n and_o common_a tomb._n pliny_n likewise_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o earth_n receive_v we_o as_o soon_o as_o we_o be_v bear_v and_o be_v bear_v she_o nourish_v we_o and_o be_v bring_v up_o she_o always_o sustain_v we_o and_o at_o last_o be_v forsake_v by_o all_o the_o world_n she_o like_v a_o tender_a mother_n receive_v we_o into_o her_o own_o bowel_n again_o and_o there_o hide_v we_o flaccum_n see_v job_n 10.9_o in_o flaccum_n nature_n say_v philo_n have_v ordain_v the_o earth_n as_o man_n proper_a place_n not_o only_o while_o they_o live_v but_o be_v dead_a also_o ut_fw-la eadem_fw-la quae_fw-la primos_fw-la suscepit_fw-la natales_fw-la suscipiat_fw-la &_o ex_fw-la hac_fw-la vita_fw-la exitum_fw-la that_o she_o that_o receive_v we_o from_o the_o womb_n may_v when_o dead_a afford_v we_o a_o tomb._n and_o yet_o as_o there_o be_v nothing_o that_o be_v laudable_o do_v in_o man_n but_o what_o god_n have_v imprint_v some_o footstep_n thereof_o in_o some_o beast_n so_o also_o it_o fall_v out_o in_o this_o very_a thing_n 30._o lib._n 11._o 30._o pliny_n report_v of_o the_o pismire_n that_o they_o only_o of_o all_o other_o live_v creature_n beside_o man_n do_v bury_v one_o another_o and_o yet_o he_o himself_o speak_v of_o the_o dolphin_n say_v 8._o lib._n 9_o c._n 8._o that_o
qualemcunque_fw-la mortuum_n terra_fw-la condi_fw-la fas_fw-la sit_fw-la because_o it_o be_v always_o think_v a_o act_n of_o piety_n to_o inter_v all_o dead_a body_n whosesoever_o they_o be_v wherefore_o according_a to_o the_o exposition_n of_o the_o hebrew_n doctor_n the_o high_a priest_n though_o otherwise_o forbid_v to_o be_v present_a at_o any_o funeral_n yet_o notwithstanding_o if_o a_o man_n be_v find_v dead_a and_o unburied_a he_o be_v even_o himself_o command_v to_o bury_v he_o the_o very_a same_o be_v enjoin_v by_o the_o pontificial_a law_n among_o the_o roman_n as_o servius_n note_v christian_n have_v so_o high_a a_o esteem_n of_o this_o duty_n that_o for_o this_o cause_n as_o well_o as_o for_o the_o relief_n of_o the_o poor_a and_o the_o redemption_n of_o captive_n they_o have_v think_v it_o lawful_a to_o melt_v down_o their_o consecrate_a plate_n and_o to_o sell_v it_o there_o be_v also_o example_n that_o may_v be_v bring_v for_o the_o contrary_a opinion_n but_o such_o as_o be_v by_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o most_o and_o best_a man_n condemn_v hunc_fw-la oro_fw-la defend_v furorem_fw-la say_v virgil_n which_o servius_n thus_o expound_v o_o keep_v i_o from_o this_o rage_n i_o pray_v i._n e._n from_o that_o malice_n which_o rage_v even_o after_o death_n the_o like_a we_o may_v read_v of_o in_o claudian_n hominemque_fw-la cruentus_fw-la exuit_fw-la &_o teneum_fw-la caesis_fw-la invidit_fw-la arenam_fw-la bloody_z be_v they_o want_v humanity_n who_o to_o the_o slay_v a_o little_a dust_n deny_v wherewith_o agree_v that_o of_o diodorus_n siculus_n ferinum_fw-la est_fw-la bellum_fw-la quod_fw-la cum_fw-la mortuis_fw-la qui_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la sunt_fw-la naturae_fw-la geritur_fw-la to_o wage_v war_n with_o the_o dead_a who_o be_v late_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o ourselves_o be_v brutish_a cruelty_n iv_o whether_o to_o such_o as_o be_v notorious_o wicked_a but_o yet_o as_o concern_v such_o notorious_a malefactor_n as_o have_v deserve_v death_n and_o according_a unto_o law_n have_v suffer_v there_o be_v some_o cause_n to_o doubt_v but_o that_o the_o divine_a law_n give_v to_o the_o hebrew_n which_o as_o it_o be_v our_o guide_n and_o directrix_fw-la to_o all_o other_o virtue_n so_o be_v it_o to_o this_o of_o humanity_n also_o do_v command_v that_o such_o as_o be_v hang_v on_o the_o gallow_n which_o be_v a_o death_n very_o ignominious_a among_o they_o as_o appear_v numb_a 25.4_o and_o deut._n 21.23_o shall_v be_v bury_v the_o same_o day_n whence_o josephus_n affirm_v 21.26_o 2_o sam._n 21.26_o that_o so_o great_a be_v the_o care_n that_o the_o jew_n take_v of_o burial_n that_o they_o take_v down_o the_o body_n even_o of_o those_o that_o be_v public_o execute_v before_o the_o sun_n go_v down_o and_o bequeath_v they_o to_o the_o earth_n and_o as_o other_o of_o the_o jewish_a interpreter_n add_v this_o they_o do_v in_o reverence_n only_o to_o the_o image_n of_o god_n whereunto_o man_n be_v create_v homer_n record_v that_o aegysthus_n who_o to_o the_o sin_n of_o adultery_n have_v accumulate_v another_o sin_n 3._o odyss_n 3._o even_o that_o of_o the_o king_n murder_n be_v himself_o afterward_o slay_v be_v notwithstanding_o by_o orestes_n the_o slay_a king_n son_n bury_v yea_o and_o among_o the_o roman_n ulpian_n will_v inform_v we_o that_o the_o body_n of_o such_o as_o be_v put_v to_o death_n as_o malefactor_n can_v not_o be_v deny_v their_o kinsman_n if_o they_o require_v they_o yea_o they_o be_v to_o be_v give_v to_o any_o body_n else_o that_o will_v ask_v they_o as_o paulus_n understand_v it_o neither_o do_v those_o cruel_a emperor_n dioclesian_n and_o maximilian_n forbid_v burial_n to_o any_o though_o guilty_a of_o the_o great_a crime_n and_o according_o punish_a hos_fw-la sepulturae_fw-la tradi_fw-la non_fw-la vetamus_fw-la be_v the_o answer_n of_o both_o of_o they_o we_o do_v not_o forbid_v these_o to_o be_v bury_v the_o like_a custom_n there_o be_v among_o the_o roman_n as_o philo_z testify_v against_o flaccus_n yet_o example_n we_o have_v also_o of_o some_o who_o have_v be_v cast_v out_o unbury_v but_o this_o be_v more_o frequent_o do_v in_o civil_a than_o in_o foreign_a war_n and_o though_o it_o be_v a_o custom_n among_o we_o to_o hang_v notoriours_n offender_n in_o chain_n to_o deter_v other_o yet_o whether_o this_o be_v commendable_a or_o not_o commendable_a the_o hang_a man_n in_o chain_n whether_o commendable_a be_v much_o dispute_v not_o only_o by_o politician_n but_o divine_n on_o the_o contrary_a we_o find_v they_o high_o commend_v who_o have_v themselves_o cause_v those_o body_n to_o be_v bury_v which_o they_o will_v not_o permit_v other_o to_o bury_v as_o pausanias_n king_n of_o the_o lacedaemonian_n who_o be_v provoke_v by_o the_o aegeneti_n to_o retaliate_v what_o the_o persian_n have_v before_o do_v against_o leonides_n reject_v their_o counsel_n as_o unworthy_a of_o he_o or_o indeed_o the_o name_n of_o a_o grecian_a papinius_n bring_v in_o theseus_n bespeak_v creon_n thus_o vade_fw-la atra_fw-la daturus_fw-la supplicia_fw-la extremique_fw-la tamen_fw-la secure_a sepulchri_fw-la torment_n extreme_a go_v and_o endure_v yet_o of_o a_o sepulchre_n be_v thou_o secure_a josephus_n record_v it_o of_o the_o pharisee_n 24._o ant._n l._n 13._o c._n 24._o that_o they_o give_v a_o most_o sumptuous_a funeral_n to_o their_o king_n alexander_n jannaeus_n notwithstanding_o his_o barbarous_a cruelty_n exercise_v over_o the_o body_n of_o his_o dead_a countryman_n and_o though_o god_n have_v sometime_o punish_v some_o person_n with_o the_o loss_n of_o burial_n as_o he_o do_v jehoiakim_n and_o jezebel_n 22.19_o jer._n 22.19_o yet_o this_o he_o do_v by_o his_o own_o most_o sovereign_a power_n which_o be_v not_o bind_v up_o by_o any_o law_n but_o that_o only_a of_o his_o own_o will._n and_o whereas_o david_n keep_v the_o head_n of_o goliath_n 21.23_o 1_o king_n 21.23_o to_o show_v as_o a_o monument_n of_o his_o victory_n it_o be_v do_v upon_o a_o stranger_n a_o contemner_n of_o the_o true_a god_n and_o under_o that_o law_n where_o by_o the_o word_n neighbour_n none_o be_v include_v but_o the_o hebrew_n only_o v._o whether_o to_o those_o that_o kill_v themselves_o there_o remain_v yet_o one_o thing_n worthy_a our_o observation_n concern_v the_o burial_n of_o the_o dead_a namely_o that_o the_o jew_n as_o zealous_a as_o they_o be_v for_o this_o duty_n yet_o will_v not_o vouchsafe_v this_o honour_n to_o those_o who_o kill_v themselves_o and_o no_o marvel_n as_o josephus_n well_o observe_v 25._o observe_v ant._n lih_o 3._o c._n 25._o since_o no_o other_o punishment_n can_v possible_o be_v inflict_v upon_o those_o who_o esteem_v death_n itself_o to_o be_v none_o the_o milesian_n virgin_n as_o plutarch_n report_v be_v all_o at_o once_o surprise_v with_o a_o violent_a fit_n of_o melancholy_a and_o in_o a_o humour_n will_v needs_o die_v virt_n die_v a._n gell._n l._n 15._o c._n 10._o plut._n de_fw-fr mul._n virt_n no_o man_n know_v the_o cause_n why_o many_o of_o they_o notwithstanding_o all_o persuasion_n and_o care_v take_v of_o they_o do_v strangle_v themselves_o and_o other_o daily_o attempt_v to_o do_v the_o like_a be_v prevent_v at_o length_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o a_o grave_a senator_n virgin_n the_o milesian_n virgin_n it_o be_v enact_v that_o all_o that_o be_v find_v so_o hang_v shall_v be_v strip_v naked_a and_o with_o the_o same_o cord_n be_v first_o drag_v through_o the_o street_n hang_v in_o the_o market_n place_n and_o expose_v to_o public_a view_n the_o fear_n of_o shame_n be_v strong_a than_o the_o fear_n of_o death_n after_o this_o law_n make_v none_o be_v ever_o find_v so_o regardless_o of_o her_o honour_n as_o to_o attempt_v such_o a_o act._n servius_n upon_o the_o twelve_o of_o virgil_n aenead_n tell_v we_o that_o it_o be_v provide_v by_o the_o roman_a law_n ut_fw-la qui_fw-la laqueo_fw-la vitam_fw-la finisset_fw-la insepultus_fw-la abjiceretur_fw-la that_o whosoever_o hang_v himself_o shall_v be_v cast_v out_o unbury_v and_o very_o frequent_v it_o be_v among_o most_o nation_n 55._o nic._n 55._o to_o inflict_v some_o brand_n of_o infamy_n upon_o such_o as_o kill_v themselves_o as_o aristotle_n note_v which_o place_n andronicus_n rhodius_n expound_v say_v that_o they_o be_v prohibit_v burial_n which_o law_n dion_n chrysostome_n high_o commend_v among_o many_o other_o enact_v by_o demonassa_n queen_n of_o cyprus_n clesephontem_n aesch_n in_o clesephontem_n at_o athens_n in_o the_o time_n of_o aeschines_n he_o that_o kill_v himself_o have_v his_o hand_n bury_v apart_o from_o his_o body_n neither_o be_v it_o to_o the_o purpose_n to_o object_v with_o homer_n aeschyluâ—_n and_o other_o that_o the_o dead_a feel_v nothing_o either_o of_o pain_n or_o shame_n for_o no_o malefactor_n be_v put_v to_o death_n simple_o because_o he_o have_v sin_v but_o in_o regard_n that_o his_o death_n strike_v a_o terror_n into_o other_o quod_fw-la mortuis_fw-la accidit_fw-la à _fw-la vivis_fw-la metuitur_fw-la what_o happen_v to_o the_o
dead_a affright_v the_o live_n and_o consequent_o restrain_v they_o from_o sin_v in_o the_o same_o kind_n which_o be_v enough_o to_o justify_v the_o punishment_n yet_o be_v it_o worthy_a to_o be_v observe_v that_o though_o plato_n be_v somewhat_o favourable_a in_o his_o sentence_n on_o such_o as_o kill_v themselves_o yet_o do_v he_o not_o think_v fit_a to_o leave_v they_o altogether_o unpunished_a what_o expiation_n say_v he_o or_o what_o manner_n of_o interment_n they_o shall_v have_v that_o kill_v themselves_o god_n know_v but_o then_o he_o go_v on_o and_o give_v his_o own_o opinion_n thus_o let_v they_o be_v bury_v say_v he_o in_o some_o solitary_a and_o desert_a place_n where_o none_o be_v ever_o bury_v but_o themselves_o and_o let_v there_o be_v no_o statue_n monument_n or_o inscription_n set_v over_o they_o that_o their_o body_n name_n and_o memory_n may_v rot_v together_o the_o platonist_n do_v excellent_o dispute_v against_o the_o stoic_n and_o against_o all_o such_o as_o hold_v that_o a_o man_n may_v for_o the_o avoid_v either_o of_o some_o present_a slavery_n or_o the_o violent_a assault_n of_o some_o dolorous_a and_o incurable_a disease_n or_o out_o of_o hope_n of_o glory_n for_o a_o good_a cause_n undergo_v a_o voluntary_a death_n by_o maintain_v that_o the_o soul_n be_v to_o be_v keep_v in_o the_o safe_a custody_n of_o the_o body_n until_o it_o be_v unavoidable_o require_v from_o we_o by_o he_o that_o give_v it_o much_o to_o this_o purpose_n may_v be_v read_v in_o plotinus_n olympiodorus_n and_o macrobius_n upon_o the_o dream_n of_o scipio_n aristotle_n account_v such_o as_o kill_v themselves_o to_o be_v weak_a and_o effeminate_a fortis_fw-la viri_fw-la est_fw-la mala_fw-la perpeti_fw-la it_o be_v the_o part_n of_o a_o valiant_a man_n to_o suffer_v as_o well_o as_o to_o act_v courageous_o seneca_n seneca_n non_fw-fr est_fw-fr virile_a terga_fw-la fortunae_fw-la dare_v it_o be_v but_o a_o weak_a and_o lazy_a refuge_n by_o a_o voluntary_a death_n to_o avoid_v pain_n or_o shame_n according_a to_o that_o of_o the_o poet_n rebus_n in_o adversis_fw-la facile_fw-la est_fw-la contemnere_fw-la vitam_fw-la fortiter_fw-la ille_fw-la facit_fw-la qui_fw-fr miser_n esse_fw-la potest_fw-la each_o coward_n while_o distress_v can_v life_n disdain_v he_o valiant_a be_v who_o dare_v encounter_v pain_n brutus_n condemn_v the_o fact_n of_o cato_n though_o afterward_o he_o write_v after_o the_o same_o copy_n it_o be_v neither_o pious_a nor_o indeed_o manly_a say_v he_o to_o turn_v our_o back_n upon_o fortune_n and_o to_o fly_v away_o from_o those_o imminent_a calamity_n which_o we_o shall_v magnanimous_o bear_v expectandus_fw-la est_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la exitus_fw-la quem_fw-la natura_fw-la decrevit_fw-la what_o manner_n of_o death_n nature_n have_v decree_v for_o we_o we_o must_v with_o patience_n expect_v mart._n epist_n 70._o mart._n say_v seneca_n it_o be_v no_o part_n of_o valour_n or_o fortitude_n to_o destroy_v ourselves_o but_o a_o madness_n rather_o nun_n furor_fw-la est_fw-la nè_fw-la moriare_fw-la mori_fw-la 15._o strabo_n l._n 15._o it_o be_v well_o observe_v by_o megasthenes_n that_o the_o fact_n of_o calanus_n be_v by_o the_o wise_a among_o the_o indian_n condemn_v it_o be_v contrary_a to_o their_o law_n for_o any_o man_n through_o impatience_n to_o kill_v himself_o neither_o do_v the_o persian_n approve_v of_o it_o witness_v that_o of_o king_n darius_n in_o curtius_n 5._o lib._n 5._o alieno_fw-la scelere_fw-la quam_fw-la meo_fw-la mori_fw-la malo_fw-la i_o have_v rather_o perish_v by_o another_o man_n crime_n than_o by_o my_o own_o no_o nor_o the_o arabian_n as_o may_v be_v collect_v from_o that_o of_o job_n who_o wait_v for_o death_n but_o it_o come_v not_o 3.21_o job_n 3.21_o and_o dig_v for_o it_o more_o than_o for_o hide_a treasure_n and_o therefore_o the_o hebrew_n do_v render_v this_o word_n mori_fw-la to_o dye_n by_o the_o greek_a word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o be_v let_v go_v or_o to_o be_v dismiss_v as_o may_v appear_v not_o only_o by_o luke_n 2.29_o lord_n now_o let_v thou_o thy_o servant_n depart_v in_o peace_n but_o by_o the_o greek_a version_n of_o that_o place_n in_o gen._n 15.2_o and_o that_o in_o numb_a 20._o towards_o the_o latter_a end_n which_o manner_n of_o speech_n be_v familiar_a among_o the_o greek_n also_o as_o themistius_n testify_v of_o they_o in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la they_o say_v of_o the_o soul_n of_o he_o that_o die_v say_v he_o it_o be_v dismiss_v and_o death_n itself_o they_o call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o dismission_n plutarch_n also_o in_o his_o book_n of_o consolation_n have_v the_o same_o expression_n donec_fw-la deus_fw-la ipse_fw-la nos_fw-la dimittat_fw-la until_o god_n himself_o dismiss_v we_o it_o seem_v that_o the_o jew_n do_v somewhat_o vary_v in_o their_o opinion_n concern_v this_o matter_n as_o appear_v by_o josephus_n where_o he_o record_v and_o seem_v to_o commend_v the_o generosity_n of_o phasacle_n 25._o ant._n l._n 14._o c._n 25._o who_o know_v that_o he_o be_v adjudge_v to_o death_n which_o he_o fear_v not_o scorn_v to_o fall_v at_o the_o command_n of_o a_o enemy_n see_v that_o he_o can_v not_o kill_v himself_o with_o his_o own_o sword_n be_v bind_v dash_v his_o head_n with_o all_o the_o force_n he_o have_v against_o a_o stone_n and_o so_o perish_v thus_o the_o jew_n plead_v to_o petronius_n as_o philo_n record_v we_o say_v they_o mix_v our_o own_o blood_n by_o voluntary_a death_n for_o fear_v lest_o while_o we_o strive_v at_o two_o thing_n i._n e._n to_o reverence_n our_o emperor_n and_o yet_o to_o observe_v our_o divine_a law_n we_o shall_v incur_v the_o displeasure_n of_o god_n which_o danger_n we_o may_v avoid_v if_o by_o contemn_v this_o miserable_a life_n we_o embrace_v a_o voluntary_a death_n some_o of_o these_o jew_n will_v admit_v of_o one_o only_a case_n wherein_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o a_o man_n to_o kill_v himself_o namely_o rather_o than_o live_v to_o be_v a_o perpetual_a reproach_n and_o scorn_n to_o the_o enemy_n of_o god_n for_o see_v the_o power_n over_o our_o life_n be_v not_o in_o ourselves_o but_o in_o god_n as_o josephus_n right_o instruct_v his_o countryman_n they_o presume_v that_o it_o be_v the_o will_n of_o god_n that_o they_o shall_v put_v a_o end_n to_o that_o reproach_n by_o a_o voluntary_a death_n and_o hither_o they_o refer_v the_o example_n of_o samson_n who_o see_v the_o true_a religion_n in_o and_o through_o he_o to_o be_v hold_v in_o contempt_n choose_v rather_o to_o die_v than_o that_o god_n by_o he_o shall_v be_v dishonour_v and_o that_o also_o of_o saul_n who_o fall_v on_o his_o own_o sword_n that_o so_o he_o may_v not_o be_v insult_v over_o by_o such_o as_o be_v god_n and_o his_o enemy_n for_o the_o jew_n hold_v 31.4_o 1_o sam._n 31.4_o that_o immediate_o after_o the_o ghost_n of_o samuel_n have_v foretell_v his_o death_n he_o repent_v samuelis_fw-la umbra_fw-la samuelis_fw-la and_o that_o although_o he_o know_v he_o shall_v die_v in_o case_n he_o do_v fight_v yet_o rather_o than_o he_o will_v betray_v his_o country_n and_o the_o law_n of_o god_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o his_o enemy_n he_o refuse_v not_o to_o fight_v therein_o merit_v eternal_a praise_n by_o the_o testimony_n of_o david_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o he_o so_o high_o commend_v the_o man_n of_o jabesh_n gilead_n for_o their_o piety_n in_o bestow_v a_o honourable_a interment_n upon_o saul_n a_o three_o example_n we_o have_v in_o raze_v a_o senator_n of_o jerusalem_n in_o the_o history_n of_o the_o maccabee_n 14.37_o 2_o mac._n 14.37_o infinite_a example_n we_o may_v find_v in_o our_o ecclesiastical_a history_n of_o such_o who_o lest_o they_o shall_v be_v enforce_v by_o torment_n to_o abjure_v their_o religion_n have_v kill_v themselves_o and_o of_o virgin_n who_o to_o preserve_v their_o chastity_n have_v cast_v themselves_o into_o river_n who_o notwithstanding_o the_o church_n have_v honour_v with_o the_o crown_n of_o martyrdom_n st._n ambrose_n do_v high_o extol_v they_o for_o it_o and_o st._n hierome_n on_o the_o first_o of_o ionas_n make_v a_o exception_n of_o this_o only_a case_n from_o that_o general_a rule_n for_o no_o persecution_n can_v justify_v the_o kill_n of_o ourselves_o say_v he_o but_o where_o our_o chastity_n be_v endanger_v but_o st._n augustine_n seem_v to_o be_v of_o another_o mind_n for_o though_o he_o will_v not_o derogate_v from_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o church_n dulc._n de_fw-fr civit._fw-la dei_fw-la lib._n 1._o c._n 26._o epist_n 61._o ad_fw-la dulc._n which_o haply_o may_v be_v lead_v thereunto_o by_o some_o divine_a tradition_n or_o those_o virgin_n guide_v by_o some_o divine_a instinct_n yet_o will_v he_o not_o have_v any_o christian_a draw_v this_o into_o a_o precedent_n for_o say_v he_o no_o man_n must_v presume_v to_o offer_v up_o his_o own_o son_n in_o sacrifice_n because_o abraham_n do_v it_o in_o obedience_n
to_o god_n express_v command_v yet_o this_o he_o confident_o assert_n that_o no_o man_n ought_v to_o destroy_v himself_o to_o avoid_v either_o the_o torment_n of_o this_o life_n lest_o he_o incur_v those_o infinite_o great_a in_o the_o life_n to_o come_v or_o to_o prevent_v sin_n in_o another_o lest_o he_o contract_v a_o worse_o in_o himself_o or_o for_o sin_n already_o past_a which_o require_v a_o large_a time_n to_o repent_v of_o or_o out_o of_o a_o impatient_a thirst_n after_o immortality_n because_o he_o that_o be_v guilty_a of_o his_o own_o death_n must_v not_o expect_v hereafter_o a_o better_a life_n 16._o de_fw-fr civ_o dei_fw-la l._n 1._o c._n 16._o and_o yet_o elsewhere_o speak_v of_o those_o who_o to_o preserve_v their_o chastity_n kill_v themselves_o he_o add_v who_o can_v be_v so_o void_a of_o humanity_n as_o not_o to_o forgive_v they_o among_o the_o grecian_n also_o there_o be_v another_o sort_n of_o man_n exempt_v from_o burial_n which_o custom_n the_o locrian_o object_n against_o the_o phocenses_n 16._o diod._n l._n 16._o say_v that_o it_o be_v general_o observe_v through_o all_o greece_n that_o sacrilegious_a person_n shall_v be_v cast_v out_o unbury_v the_o like_a do_v dion_n prusaeensis_n report_n of_o such_o as_o be_v atheist_n and_o notorious_o impious_a and_o the_o very_a same_o punishment_n be_v ordain_v at_o athens_n against_o such_o as_o be_v traitor_n as_o plutarch_n testify_v but_o nicetas_n in_o his_o three_o book_n of_o alexius_n the_o brother_n of_o isaacius_n have_v declare_v the_o death_n of_o joannes_n comnenus_n crassus_n who_o raise_v sedition_n and_o affect_v the_o empire_n say_v that_o they_o afterward_o expose_v his_o body_n to_o be_v devour_v by_o bird_n and_o beast_n which_o be_v a_o act_n void_a of_o humanity_n and_o savour_v too_o much_o of_o a_o brutish_a cruelty_n but_o that_o i_o may_v retreat_v to_o what_o be_v first_o intend_v all_o ancient_a writer_n do_v unanimous_o accord_v in_o this_o that_o a_o war_n may_v be_v just_o undertake_v for_o deny_v burial_n to_o the_o dead_a as_o may_v clear_o appear_v by_o the_o story_n of_o theseus_n which_o be_v record_v by_o euripides_n and_o isocrates_n in_o the_o place_n before_o quote_v vi_o some_o other_o thing_n due_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n there_o be_v also_o other_o thing_n which_o by_o the_o voluntary_a law_n of_o nation_n be_v due_a as_o those_o thing_n which_o have_v be_v long_o possess_v succession_n to_o he_o that_o die_v intestate_a and_o such_o thing_n as_o we_o hold_v by_o contract_n though_o very_o unequal_a for_o all_o these_o though_o they_o have_v in_o some_o measure_n their_o rise_n from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n yet_o do_v they_o receive_v confirmation_n by_o humane_a law_n whether_o against_o the_o uncertainty_n of_o conjecture_n or_o against_o some_o exception_n which_o otherwise_o natural_a reason_n may_v haply_o suggest_v as_o we_o have_v already_o show_v when_o we_o treat_v of_o the_o right_n of_o nature_n chap._n xx._n of_o punishment_n i._o the_o definition_n and_o original_n of_o punishment_n ii_o that_o they_o appertain_v to_o commutative_a justice_n and_o how_o iii_o it_o natural_o belong_v to_o no_o one_o person_n but_o may_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v exact_v by_o any_o that_o have_v not_o alike_o offend_v iv_o among_o man_n the_o end_n of_o punish_v be_v for_o some_o benefit_n but_o otherwise_o with_o god_n and_o why_o v._o in_o what_o sense_n revenge_n be_v natural_o unlawful_a vi_o the_o profit_n arise_v from_o punishment_n threefold_a vii_o as_o it_o respect_v the_o good_a of_o the_o delinquent_n it_o may_v natural_o be_v exact_v by_o any_o yet_o with_o a_o distinction_n viii_o so_o also_o as_o it_o respect_v the_o good_a of_o the_o person_n injure_v and_o of_o lawful_a revenge_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n ix_o and_o also_o as_o it_o respect_v the_o good_a of_o every_o man_n x._o what_o the_o gospel_n require_v as_o to_o this_o matter_n xi_o the_o argument_n draw_v from_o the_o mercy_n of_o god_n set_v forth_o in_o the_o gospel_n answer_v xii_o another_o concern_v the_o cut_n off_o the_o opportunity_n of_o repentance_n answer_v xiii_o a_o imperfect_a division_n of_o punishment_n reject_v fourteen_o it_o be_v not_o safe_a for_o private_a christian_n to_o exact_a punishment_n even_o where_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n allow_v it_o xv._o or_o to_o accuse_v any_o man_n willing_o xvi_o or_o to_o affect_v capital_a punishment_n xvii_o whether_o those_o humane_a law_n that_o permit_v the_o kill_n of_o a_o man_n as_o a_o punishment_n give_v he_o a_o right_a or_o only_a impunity_n except_o by_o distinction_n xviii_o internal_a act_n not_o punishable_a by_o man_n xix_o nor_o such_o external_a as_o humane_a infirmity_n can_v avoid_v xx._n nor_o such_o act_n as_o neither_o direct_o nor_o indirect_o do_v hurt_v to_o humane_a society_n and_o why_o xxi_o the_o opinion_n that_o punishment_n be_v never_o to_o be_v remit_v reject_v xxii_o that_o they_o may_v be_v remit_v before_o the_o penal_a law_n be_v pass_v xxiii_o yet_o not_o always_o xxiv_o yea_o and_o after_o the_o penal_a law_n be_v past_a xxv_o what_o probable_a intrinsic_a cause_n justify_v the_o do_n of_o it_o xxvi_o what_o cause_n extrinsical_a xxvii_o the_o opinion_n that_o no_o dispensation_n be_v to_o be_v grant_v for_o any_o cause_n but_o what_o be_v tacit_o except_v in_o the_o law_n reject_v xxviii_o punishment_n inflict_v for_o some_o merit_n xxix_o where_o respect_n be_v have_v to_o the_o cause_n impel_v which_o be_v compare_v one_o with_o another_o xxx_o as_o also_o the_o cause_n which_o shall_v withdraw_v we_o and_o of_o the_o degree_n of_o the_o precept_n of_o the_o decalogue_n that_o concern_v our_o neighbour_n and_o some_o other_o matter_n xxxi_o of_o the_o propensity_n of_o the_o offender_n to_o either_o which_o have_v divers_a respect_n xxxii_o that_o the_o merit_n of_o punishment_n may_v extend_v to_o a_o great_a harm_n than_o that_o which_o the_o offender_n intend_v and_o why_o xxxiii_o a_o harmoniacal_a proportion_n in_o punishment_n reject_v xxxiv_o that_o punishment_n ought_v to_o be_v mitigate_v out_o of_o charity_n unless_o a_o great_a charity_n forbid_v xxxv_o the_o facility_n of_o sin_v how_o it_o incite_v to_o punishment_n also_o custom_n how_o it_o incite_v or_o dissuade_v from_o punish_v xxxvi_o of_o what_o use_n clemency_n be_v in_o the_o mitigate_a of_o punishment_n xxxvii_o what_o the_o hebrew_n or_o roman_n have_v respect_n to_o in_o punishment_n may_v be_v refer_v to_o the_o place_n above_o mention_v xxxviii_o of_o war_n make_v for_o the_o exact_v of_o punishment_n thirty-nine_o whether_o war_n make_v for_o the_o punishment_n of_o injury_n begin_v be_v just_a explain_v by_o distinction_n xl._n whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o king_n or_o state_n to_o make_v war_n upon_o such_o as_o violate_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n though_o they_o have_v commit_v nothing_o against_o they_o or_o their_o subject_n and_o that_o jurisdiction_n be_v not_o necessary_a natural_o to_o the_o exact_v of_o punishment_n xli_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n distinguish_v from_o civil_a custom_n large_o take_v xlii_o and_o from_o the_o voluntary_a divine_a law_n not_o yet_o know_v to_o all_o nation_n xliii_o as_o to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n that_o which_o be_v manifest_a be_v to_o be_v distinguish_v from_o that_o which_o be_v not_o xliv_o whether_o a_o war_n may_v be_v make_v for_o sin_n commit_v against_o god_n only_o xlv_o of_o some_o common_a notion_n of_o god_n which_o and_o how_o they_o be_v express_v in_o the_o decalogue_n xlvi_o the_o first_o infringer_n of_o these_o punishable_a xlvii_o but_o not_o other_o as_o be_v prove_v by_o the_o hebrew_n law_n xlviii_o that_o war_n be_v not_o just_o to_o be_v make_v upon_o any_o only_o for_o refuse_v to_o embrace_v christian_a religion_n xlix_o war_n may_v just_o be_v make_v against_o they_o that_o persecute_v christian_n as_o such_o l._n but_o not_o against_o such_o christian_n as_o do_v misunderstand_v the_o meaning_n of_o the_o divine_a law_n illustrate_v by_o authority_n and_o example_n li._n but_o may_v and_o that_o just_o against_o those_o that_o be_v impious_a against_o such_o as_o they_o believe_v to_o be_v go_n i._o the_o definition_n of_o punishment_n above_o when_o we_o begin_v to_o assign_v the_o cause_n of_o war_n we_o consider_v man_n deed_n in_o a_o twofold_a respect_n either_o as_o the_o wrong_n they_o do_v may_v be_v repair_v or_o as_o it_o may_v be_v punish_v concern_v the_o former_a we_o have_v sufficient_o speak_v we_o come_v now_o to_o the_o latter_a which_o be_v punishment_n which_o we_o shall_v the_o more_o accurate_o discuss_v for_o as_o much_o as_o its_o origine_fw-la and_o nature_n be_v misunderstand_v have_v give_v occasion_n to_o many_o error_n punishment_n in_o its_o general_a acceptation_n be_v malum_fw-la passionis_fw-la quod_fw-la infligitur_fw-la ob_fw-la malum_fw-la actionis_fw-la the_o evil_a
that_o we_o suffer_v for_o the_o evil_a that_o we_o do_v and_o though_o hard_a labour_n be_v sometime_o impose_v upon_o some_o person_n by_o way_n of_o punishment_n yet_o this_o be_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o pain_n and_o trouble_n that_o accompany_v those_o work_n and_o may_v therefore_o fit_o be_v refer_v to_o passion_n as_o for_o those_o inconvenience_n which_o some_o man_n suffer_v without_o any_o sin_n commit_v as_o by_o some_o contagious_a disease_n or_o as_o be_v maim_v or_o for_o some_o uncleanness_n to_o be_v debar_v the_o society_n of_o man_n or_o to_o be_v make_v uncapable_a of_o some_o office_n or_o function_n many_o whereof_o we_o may_v read_v of_o in_o the_o jewish_a law_n these_o be_v not_o proper_o punishment_n though_o for_o some_o resemblance_n they_o have_v with_o they_o and_o by_o the_o abuse_n of_o the_o word_n they_o be_v so_o call_v among_o those_o thing_n that_o natural_a instinct_n tell_v we_o be_v lawful_a and_o not_o unjust_a this_o be_v one_o ut_fw-la malum_fw-la qui_fw-la facit_fw-la malum_fw-la ferat_fw-la that_o he_o that_o do_v evil_a shall_v suffer_v evil_a which_o philosopher_n do_v reckon_v as_o the_o most_o ancient_a and_o most_o perfect_a rule_n of_o justice_n or_o as_o one_o of_o the_o law_n of_o radamanthus_n yea_o so_o ancient_a and_o indubitable_a that_o plato_n be_v so_o bold_a as_o to_o say_v that_o neither_o the_o god_n nor_o good_a man_n dare_v ever_o say_v otherwise_o but_o that_o he_o that_o do_v wrong_a deserve_v to_o suffer_v for_o it_o plutarch_n make_v justice_n one_o of_o god_n immediate_a attendant_n who_o offer_n it_o be_v to_o revenge_v all_o affront_v do_v to_o the_o divine_a law_n which_o all_o man_n do_v natural_o make_v use_n of_o against_o all_o man_n as_o be_v fellow_n citizen_n and_o hierax_n describe_v justice_n by_o that_o which_o be_v its_o principal_a office_n namely_o to_o hurt_v those_o who_o have_v first_o hurt_v other_o and_o hierocles_n call_v justice_n the_o only_a cure_n for_o wickedness_n as_o if_o no_o satisfaction_n can_v be_v make_v for_o wrong_n do_v but_o by_o sufferance_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o thing_n that_o so_o powerful_o restrain_v we_o from_o sin_n as_o the_o apprehension_n of_o some_o just_a punishment_n 17._o lactantius_n de_fw-fr ira_fw-la dei_fw-la c._n 17._o we_o be_v therefore_o very_o irrational_a when_o we_o blame_v either_o god_n or_o man_n for_o their_o severity_n to_o we_o when_o we_o be_v punish_v non_fw-la enim_fw-la nocens_fw-la dicendus_fw-la qui_fw-la nocentes_fw-la afficit_fw-la poena_fw-la for_o he_o be_v not_o to_o be_v blame_v that_o punish_v but_o he_o that_o deserve_v punishment_n that_o which_o we_o suffer_v be_v just_a because_o that_o which_o we_o do_v be_v unjust_a omnis_fw-la poena_fw-la si_fw-la justa_fw-la est_fw-la peccati_fw-la poena_fw-la est_fw-la every_o just_a punishment_n say_v st._n aug._n aug._n aug._n must_v necessary_o refer_v to_o some_o crime_n which_o be_v true_a even_o of_o those_o that_o be_v inflict_v by_o god_n himself_o though_o sometime_o by_o reason_n of_o our_o ignorance_n latet_fw-la culpa_fw-la ubi_fw-la non_fw-la latet_fw-la poena_fw-la the_o judgement_n flame_v out_o when_o the_o sin_n lie_v smother_v ii_o it_o appertain_v to_o commutative_a justice_n but_o whether_o it_o appertain_v to_o distributive_a or_o commutative_a justice_n divers_a man_n be_v of_o divers_a opinion_n some_o think_v that_o they_o that_o offend_v most_o be_v punish_v most_o and_o so_o on_o the_o contrary_a and_o because_o punishment_n be_v inflict_v as_o it_o be_v by_o the_o whole_a on_o a_o part_n therefore_o it_o be_v to_o be_v refer_v to_o attributive_a justice_n but_o whereas_o in_o the_o first_o place_n they_o say_v that_o this_o branch_n of_o justice_n take_v place_n only_o where_o there_o be_v a_o equality_n to_o be_v assign_v between_o term_n more_o than_o two_o that_o this_o hold_v not_o always_o true_a we_o have_v already_o show_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o work_n beside_o that_o they_o that_o sin_v most_o be_v punish_v most_o and_o they_o that_o offend_v least_o be_v least_o punish_v this_o fall_v out_o by_o consequence_n only_o and_o be_v not_o primary_o and_o of_o itself_o intend_v for_o that_o which_o be_v simple_o and_o in_o the_o first_o place_n intend_v be_v that_o there_o be_v a_o equality_n between_o the_o offence_n and_o the_o punishment_n whereof_o horace_n thus_o why_o do_v not_o reason_n weight_n and_o measure_n frame_v that_o every_o sin_n may_v have_v its_o proper_a pain_n adsit_fw-la regula_n peccatis_fw-la quae_fw-la poenas_fw-la irrogat_fw-la aequas_fw-la nec_fw-la scutica_fw-la dignum_fw-la horribili_fw-la sectêre_fw-la flagello_fw-la whereunto_o we_o may_v refer_v also_o that_o of_o deut._n 25.2_o 3._o 3._o deut._n 25_o 2_o 3._o where_o the_o judge_n be_v command_v to_o see_v the_o malefector_n beat_v with_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o stripe_n according_a to_o his_o crime_n iniquum_fw-la erit_fw-la si_fw-la aequaliter_fw-la irascatur_fw-la inaequalibus_fw-la 6._o de_fw-fr ira_fw-la l._n 11._o 6._o to_o punish_v all_o sin_n equal_o be_v very_o unjust_a say_v seneca_n for_o as_o the_o scholiast_n upon_o horace_n observe_v if_o we_o inflict_v the_o great_a punishment_n upon_o the_o small_a crime_n it_o must_v necessary_o follow_v that_o the_o great_a will_v remain_v either_o in_o part_n unpunished_a or_o some_o new_a punishment_n must_v be_v invent_v neither_o be_v that_o much_o true_a which_o they_o say_v that_o all_o punishment_n do_v proceed_v from_o the_o whole_a to_o its_o part_n 1_o see_v beneath_o sect._n 28._o 32._o and_o book_n 3._o c._n 11._o sect._n 1_o as_o will_v appear_v by_o what_o we_o shall_v say_v hereafter_o beside_o the_o true_a intent_n and_o reason_n of_o distributive_a justice_n proper_o consist_v neither_o in_o such_o a_o equality_n nor_o in_o the_o procession_n of_o the_o whole_a to_o its_o part_n as_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o show_v but_o in_o the_o respect_n have_v to_o the_o fitness_n and_o aptitude_n of_o the_o delinquent_n to_o such_o a_o punishment_n which_o do_v not_o infer_v any_o right_n thereunto_o strict_o take_v but_o be_v only_a preparative_n as_o give_v occasion_n unto_o it_o for_o although_o he_o that_o be_v punish_v aught_o to_o be_v worthy_a of_o punishment_n yet_o may_v we_o not_o hence_o infer_v that_o he_o must_v necessary_o undergo_v whatsoever_o distributive_a justice_n may_v impose_v upon_o he_o neither_o do_v they_o that_o refer_v the_o punishment_n of_o delinquent_n to_o commutative_a justice_n extricate_v themselves_o any_o better_a for_o they_o consider_v the_o matter_n so_o as_o if_o punishment_n be_v due_a to_o a_o malefactor_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o thing_n be_v usual_o due_a upon_o contract_n that_o which_o deceive_v these_o man_n be_v the_o vulgar_a manner_n of_o speak_v whereby_o we_o say_v that_o punishment_n be_v due_a to_o a_o malefactor_n which_o be_v very_o improper_a for_o he_o to_o who_o any_o thing_n be_v proper_o due_a have_v a_o right_a against_o he_o from_o who_o it_o be_v due_a but_o in_o say_v a_o punishment_n be_v due_a unto_o any_o man_n we_o mean_v only_o this_o that_o it_o be_v just_a he_o shall_v be_v punish_v yet_o notwithstanding_o true_a it_o be_v that_o in_o punishment_n commutative_a justice_n be_v simple_o and_o by_o itself_o exercise_v forasmuch_o as_o he_o that_o punish_v that_o he_o may_v do_v it_o just_o aught_o to_o have_v a_o right_a to_o do_v it_o which_o right_o arise_v from_o the_o guilt_n of_o the_o delinquent_n and_o herein_o there_o be_v something_o that_o draw_v near_o unto_o the_o nature_n of_o contract_n because_o as_o he_o that_o sell_v a_o thing_n though_o he_o mention_v nothing_o particular_o yet_o be_v presume_v to_o stand_v oblige_v to_o perform_v all_o thing_n natural_a to_o the_o sale_n so_o he_o that_o transgrese_v a_o law_n do_v voluntary_o oblige_v himself_o to_o the_o penalty_n of_o that_o law_n because_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a that_o there_o shall_v be_v any_o heinous_a crime_n that_o be_v not_o punishable_a so_o that_o he_o that_o be_v willing_a direct_o to_o transgress_v a_o law_n be_v by_o consequence_n willing_a to_o undergo_v the_o penalty_n of_o that_o law_n in_o which_o sense_n some_o prince_n do_v pronounce_v sentence_n against_o a_o malefactor_n thus_o ipse_fw-la te_fw-la huic_fw-la poenae_fw-la subdidisti_fw-la thou_o have_v voluntary_o subject_v thyself_o to_o this_o punishment_n and_o to_o this_o purpose_n be_v that_o of_o philo_n peccare_fw-la cum_fw-la festinatis_fw-la ad_fw-la poenam_fw-la festinatis_fw-la mosis_fw-la vita_fw-la mosis_fw-la whilst_o you_o make_v haste_n to_o sin_n you_o do_v but_o run_v headlong_o to_o punishment_n that_o woman_n that_o will_v marry_v another_o man_n slave_n be_v say_v in_o tacitus_n to_o consent_v to_o her_o own_o slavery_n 12._o ann._n 12._o because_o that_o be_v the_o punishment_n ordain_v for_o such_o woman_n michael_n ephesius_n upon_o aristotle_n tell_v we_o that_o in_o every_o sin_n 15._o nicom_o 15._o there_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o give_v
do_v the_o wrong_n second_o by_o take_v away_o from_o he_o the_o power_n to_o do_v wrong_n or_o three_o by_o deter_v he_o from_o do_v any_o further_a wrong_n by_o the_o sharpness_n of_o his_o punishment_n which_o be_v conjoin_v with_o reformation_n whereof_o we_o have_v just_a now_o already_o discourse_v but_o to_o be_v secure_v from_o other_o by_o the_o punishment_n of_o he_o who_o have_v offend_v it_o be_v necessary_a that_o the_o say_a punishment_n be_v public_a and_o conspicuous_a which_o appertain_v to_o exemplary_a punishment_n whereof_o more_o anon_o now_o if_o our_o desire_n of_o revenge_n though_o private_a be_v direct_v to_o these_o end_n only_o and_o can_v be_v empale_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o equity_n if_o we_o look_v at_o the_o bare_a law_n of_o nature_n first_o abstract_v from_o divine_a and_o humane_a law_n and_o from_o those_o other_o occurrent_n which_o do_v not_o necessary_o happen_v to_o the_o thing_n it_o be_v not_o unlawful_a whether_o it_o be_v do_v by_o the_o person_n injure_v or_o by_o another_o see_v it_o be_v natural_a for_o one_o man_n to_o help_v another_o 2._o de_fw-fr invent._n lib._n 2._o in_o which_o sense_n may_v that_o of_o cicero_n be_v admit_v where_o he_o define_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n to_o be_v that_o which_o consist_v not_o in_o opinion_n or_o custom_n but_o in_o that_o which_o nature_n itself_o suggest_v unto_o we_o where_o also_o among_o other_o example_n he_o place_v this_o of_o vindication_n which_o he_o there_o oppose_v to_o grace_n or_o pardon_n and_o lest_o any_o man_n shall_v question_v the_o extent_n of_o the_o word_n he_o define_v it_o to_o be_v that_o whereby_o we_o defend_v both_o ourselves_o and_o those_o who_o ought_v to_o be_v dear_a unto_o we_o from_o force_n and_o calumny_n by_o a_o just_a revenge_n or_o whereby_o we_o punish_v offence_n mithridates_n in_o that_o oration_n which_o justin_n extract_v out_o of_o trogus_n speak_v thus_o against_o thief_n all_o man_n ought_v to_o draw_v their_o sword_n if_o not_o for_o their_o safety_n yet_o for_o their_o revenge_n which_o plutarch_n in_o the_o life_n of_o aratus_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o law_n of_o revenge_n by_o this_o natural_a law_n samson_n justify_v himself_o against_o the_o philistine_n 15.3.7.11_o judg._n 15.3.7.11_o when_o they_o have_v provoke_v he_o by_o take_v away_o his_o wife_n and_o give_v she_o to_o another_o now_o say_v he_o shall_v i_o be_v more_o blameless_a than_o they_o though_o i_o do_v they_o a_o displeasure_n for_o he_o conclude_v it_o to_o be_v just_a for_o he_o to_o injure_v they_o who_o have_v first_o provoke_v he_o by_o so_o great_a a_o injury_n and_o according_a to_o this_o rule_n he_o plead_v his_o own_o cause_n and_o defend_v himself_o for_o be_v demand_v by_o the_o man_n of_o judah_n what_o he_o have_v do_v against_o the_o philistine_n to_o provoke_v they_o he_o answer_v as_o they_o have_v do_v to_o i_o so_o have_v i_o do_v to_o they_o v._o 11._o finem_fw-la plut._n rom._n ad_fw-la finem_fw-la when_o the_o laurentines_n deliver_v up_o those_o that_o kill_v tatius_n to_o romulus_n to_o be_v punish_v he_o set_v they_o at_o liberty_n say_v that_o blood_n be_v to_o be_v expiate_v with_o blood_n intimate_v that_o because_o tatius_n have_v before_o slay_v their_o ambassador_n or_o at_o least_o connive_v at_o it_o it_o be_v but_o just_a that_o blood_n shall_v have_v blood_n for_o as_o belisarius_n in_o procopius_n note_n it_o be_v but_o natural_a to_o account_v he_o as_o my_o enemy_n who_o have_v by_o a_o assault_n wound_v i_o thus_o likewise_o the_o platean_n in_o thucydides_n plead_v for_o themselves_o in_o the_o like_a case_n we_o have_v deserve_o punish_v they_o say_v they_o for_o by_o that_o law_n that_o be_v in_o force_n among_o all_o man_n it_o be_v lawful_a to_o be_v revenge_v on_o those_o that_o first_o make_v war_n upon_o we_o 1._o vand._n 1._o demosthenes_n in_o his_o oration_n against_o aristocrates_n say_v that_o this_o law_n be_v common_a among_o all_o man_n to_o enforce_v satisfaction_n from_o they_o that_o have_v forcible_o take_v away_o our_o good_n from_o we_o and_o jugurtha_n in_o sallust_n have_v show_v how_o asdrubal_n have_v lay_v in_o wait_n for_o his_o life_n add_v that_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n do_v that_o which_o be_v neither_o just_a nor_o right_a in_o forbid_v he_o that_o rigbt_v which_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n allow_v he_o that_o be_v a_o just_a revenge_n and_o aristides_n the_o orator_n prove_v it_o by_o the_o authority_n both_o of_o poet_n lawyer_n proverb_n and_o orator_n that_o a_o revenge_n may_v be_v lawful_o take_v upon_o such_o as_o have_v first_o injure_v we_o st._n ambrose_n commend_v the_o maccabee_n for_o revenge_v the_o blood_n of_o their_o innocent_a brethren_n though_o it_o be_v on_o the_o sabbath_n and_o against_o the_o jew_n who_o bitter_o complain_v against_o the_o christian_n for_o burn_v their_o church_n he_o plead_v thus_o if_o i_o shall_v argue_v according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n i_o shall_v recount_v how_o many_o christian_a church_n the_o jew_n burn_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o emperor_n julian_n thereby_o conclude_v that_o to_o requite_v like_a for_o like_a be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n thus_o do_v jonathan_n and_o his_o associate_n revenge_v the_o death_n of_o their_o brother_n john_n upon_o the_o nabathits_n as_o they_o be_v celebrate_v some_o great_a nuptial_n upon_o who_o he_o unexpected_o fall_v and_o slay_v both_o man_n woman_n and_o child_n as_o josephus_n inform_v we_o but_o because_o man_n be_v too_o partial_a judge_n in_o their_o own_o cause_n 1._o ant._n l._n 13._o c._n 1._o therefore_o that_o liberty_n which_o nature_n do_v at_o first_o indulge_v unto_o every_o man_n in_o vindicate_v his_o own_o quarrel_n be_v just_o take_v away_o and_o judge_n appoint_v to_o determine_v all_o controversy_n between_o man_n and_o man_n and_o to_o help_v those_o to_o right_n who_o suffer_v wrong_a thus_o demosthenes_n plead_v against_o conon_n as_o for_o these_o injury_n it_o be_v think_v fit_a by_o our_o ancestor_n that_o they_o shall_v receive_v their_o punishment_n from_o the_o law_n and_o not_o from_o the_o rage_n and_o violence_n of_o every_o man_n will_n so_o do_v quintilian_n the_o compensate_n of_o a_o injury_n be_v not_o only_o repugnant_a to_o the_o law_n why_o law_n and_o magistrate_n ordain_v to_o punish_v offender_n and_o why_o but_o unto_o peace_n for_o there_o be_v law_n judge_n and_o court_n whereunto_o any_o man_n may_v appeal_v unless_o there_o be_v any_o that_o be_v ashamed_a to_o be_v vindicate_v by_o the_o law_n so_o likewise_o the_o emperor_n honorius_n and_o theodosius_n for_o this_o very_a cause_n be_v tribunal_n erect_v and_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o public_a law_n institute_v lest_o any_o man_n shall_v arrogate_v to_o himself_o the_o liberty_n to_o revenge_v his_o own_o quarrel_n so_o king_n theodorick_n from_o hence_o do_v the_o law_n challenge_v from_o we_o a_o sacred_a reverence_n that_o no_o revenge_n may_v be_v take_v by_o our_o own_o hand_n nor_o any_o thing_n do_v against_o our_o enemy_n by_o the_o sudden_a impulse_n of_o our_o own_o passion_n for_o how_o inconvenient_a this_o will_v be_v be_v evident_a by_o that_o plea_n of_o tindarus_n against_o orestes_n this_o if_o thou_o suffer_v menelau_n '_o i_o ask_v if_o the_o angry_a wife_n her_o husband_n blood_n shall_v spill_v and_o in_o revenge_n the_o son_n his_o mother_n kill_v and_o if_o her_o blood_n can_v be_v wash_v away_o without_o fresh_a blood_n where_o will_v these_o mischief_n stay_v which_o word_n of_o euripides_n be_v full_a of_o prudence_n do_v abundant_o supply_v both_o philosopher_n and_o orator_n with_o matter_n of_o argument_n maximus_fw-la tyrius_n in_o his_o dissertation_n concern_v the_o retaliate_a of_o injury_n speak_v thus_o a_o good_a man_n will_v neither_o do_v a_o injury_n nor_o suffer_v one_o not_o do_v one_o i_o mean_v willing_o nor_o suffer_v one_o because_o he_o magnanimous_o slight_v all_o that_o be_v do_v unto_o he_o if_o to_o infer_v a_o injury_n be_v wicked_a sure_o to_o return_v one_o be_v somewhat_o like_o it_o for_o although_o he_o that_o wrong_v another_o in_o that_o he_o give_v the_o first_o offence_n commit_v the_o great_a fault_n yet_o he_o that_o requite_v that_o injury_n because_o he_o be_v please_v with_o revenge_n be_v alike_o wicked_a for_o if_o he_o that_o do_v his_o neighbour_n wrong_v do_v evil_a sure_o he_o that_o return_v that_o evil_a be_v not_o the_o less_o evil_a because_o he_o do_v it_o in_o revenge_n and_o a_o little_a after_o quis_fw-la erit_fw-la unquam_fw-la injuriarum_fw-la finis_fw-la etc._n etc._n if_o it_o be_v grant_v say_v he_o that_o a_o good_a man_n have_v receive_v a_o injury_n may_v revenge_v it_o then_o may_v he_o that_o suffer_v that_o revenge_n as_o just_o return_v it_o for_o on_o both_o
nourishment_n and_o by_o and_o by_o he_o add_v what_o we_o have_v write_v of_o fox_n and_o other_o noxious_a serpent_n the_o same_o we_o suppose_v may_v be_v say_v of_o man_n whereunto_o he_o present_o subjoin_v furem_fw-la &_o latronem_fw-la qui_fw-la quocunque_fw-la modo_fw-la occiderit_fw-la sive_fw-la manu_fw-la sive_fw-la jussu_fw-la sive_fw-la suffragio_fw-la innocens_fw-la est_fw-la he_o that_o kill_v a_o thief_n or_o a_o murderer_n whether_o it_o be_v with_o his_o hand_n or_o by_o his_o command_n or_o suffrage_n be_v to_o be_v account_v innocent_a and_o to_o these_o place_n of_o democritus_n i_o suppose_v seneca_n have_v some_o respect_n in_o say_v 1._o sen._n de_fw-fr ira_fw-la l._n 1._o when_o i_o command_v a_o obstinate_a malefactor_n to_o be_v put_v to_o death_n i_o do_v it_o with_o the_o same_o mind_n and_o intent_n as_o when_o i_o command_v a_o noisome_a and_o venomous_a beast_n to_o be_v kill_v nay_o if_o i_o see_v a_o viper_n or_o a_o scorpion_n say_v philo_n though_o he_o attempt_v not_o to_o bite_v or_o to_o wound_v i_o yet_o will_v i_o kill_v he_o if_o i_o can_v lest_o he_o shall_v endanger_v i_o or_o some_o other_o by_o that_o malignity_n that_o be_v in_o he_o we_o will_v not_o kill_v fox_n wolf_n and_o the_o like_a ravenous_a beast_n can_v we_o but_o make_v they_o tame_v and_o serviceable_a and_o not_o be_v endanger_v by_o they_o so_o ne_fw-fr homini_fw-la quidem_fw-la nocebimus_fw-la quia_fw-la peccavit_fw-la sed_fw-la ne_fw-la peccet_fw-la neither_o will_v we_o hurt_v and_o destroy_v man_n because_o they_o have_v offend_v but_o because_o they_o shall_v not_o offend_v again_o but_o since_o as_o well_o the_o strict_a enquiry_n into_o the_o nature_n and_o quality_n of_o every_o fact_n do_v often_o require_v great_a diligence_n as_o also_o the_o fit_v of_o each_o crime_n with_o its_o just_a punishment_n much_o prudence_n and_o equity_n lest_o whilst_o every_o man_n presume_v on_o his_o own_o sufficiency_n shall_v arrogate_v more_o unto_o himself_o than_o other_o will_v be_v content_a to_o grant_v he_o and_o thereby_o much_o strife_n and_o contention_n shall_v arise_v therefore_o it_o be_v unanimous_o agree_v upon_o that_o in_o all_o just_a society_n of_o man_n such_o shall_v be_v make_v choice_n of_o as_o they_o esteem_v to_o be_v the_o best_a and_o most_o prudent_a among_o they_o or_o at_o least_o who_o they_o hope_v might_n in_o time_n prove_v to_o be_v so_o who_o thâ—y_o call_v magistrate_n upon_o who_o by_o common_a consent_n they_o transfer_v all_o that_o right_n which_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n every_o one_o of_o they_o have_v to_o punish_v malefactor_n so_o the_o same_o democritus_n the_o law_n will_v never_o restrain_v we_o from_o live_v as_o we_o please_v but_o that_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o man_n go_v about_o to_o wrong_v one_o another_o for_o envy_n be_v the_o mother_n of_o sedition_n but_o yet_o what_o be_v say_v before_o of_o private_a revenge_n the_o same_o may_v be_v here_o also_o say_v of_o public_a and_o exemplary_a judgement_n namely_o that_o there_o do_v yet_o remain_v some_o footstep_n of_o that_o ancient_a right_n in_o such_o place_n and_o among_o such_o person_n as_o be_v not_o subject_a to_o public_a judicatories_n yea_o and_o among_o such_o also_o as_o be_v so_o subject_a in_o some_o particular_a case_n as_o among_o the_o jew_n it_o be_v lawful_a for_o any_o man_n to_o kill_v he_o immediate_o who_o forsake_v god_n and_o his_o law_n 26._o deut._n 13.9_o numb_a 25._o 1_o macc._n 2.24_o 26._o or_o that_o seduce_v his_o brother_n to_o idolatry_n which_o the_o jew_n call_v the_o judgement_n of_o zeal_n which_o be_v first_o exercise_v by_o phineas_n and_o from_o he_o be_v draw_v into_o a_o custom_n thus_o mattathias_n and_o his_o five_o son_n fall_v upon_o a_o certain_a jew_n who_o in_o obedience_n to_o the_o king_n command_n be_v sacrifice_v unto_o the_o heathenish_a god_n on_o the_o altar_n at_o modin_n and_o slay_v he_o as_o josephus_n inform_v we_o 2.24_o ant._n l._n 12._o c._n 4._o 1_o macc._n 2.24_o so_o we_o read_v of_o three_o hundred_o jew_n which_o be_v kill_v by_o their_o own_o countryman_n in_o that_o book_n which_o be_v vulgar_o call_v the_o three_o book_n of_o the_o maccabee_n this_o be_v the_o sole_a pretence_n that_o the_o jew_n make_v for_o their_o ston_a of_o st_n steven_n act_v 7.57_o and_o for_o their_o conspiracy_n against_o st_n paul_n act_v 23._o many_o other_o example_n we_o may_v find_v in_o josephus_n and_o in_o philo_n who_o in_o his_o book_n of_o sacrificer_n to_o idol_n say_v that_o such_o a_o man_n as_o shall_v so_o sacrifice_v 9_o ch._n 20._o sect._n 9_o shall_v be_v punish_v as_o a_o public_a enemy_n to_o all_o man_n be_v he_o never_o so_o near_o relate_v unto_o we_o and_o his_o motive_n and_o argument_n whereby_o he_o will_v persuade_v we_o to_o a_o defection_n from_o the_o true_a worship_n of_o god_n be_v to_o be_v publish_v unto_o all_o that_o love_v true_a piety_n that_o all_o man_n may_v immediate_o run_v from_o all_o place_n to_o take_v revenge_n upon_o that_o impious_a wretch_n be_v full_o persuade_v that_o the_o desire_n to_o kill_v such_o a_o man_n be_v a_o holy_a thing_n yea_o and_o in_o many_o nation_n this_o right_n do_v yet_o remain_v in_o master_n over_o their_o servant_n and_o in_o parent_n over_o their_o child_n to_o punish_v they_o even_o with_o death_n so_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o the_o ephori_fw-la of_o sparta_n to_o put_v to_o death_n any_o of_o their_o citizen_n without_o judgement_n now_o from_o what_o have_v here_o be_v say_v we_o may_v clear_o understand_v what_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v concern_v punishment_n and_o how_o long_o it_o continue_v x._o what_o the_o evangelical_n law_n require_v as_o to_o this_o let_v we_o now_o inquire_v whether_o this_o liberty_n of_o punish_v or_o revenge_v a_o injury_n be_v restrain_v by_o the_o gospel_n and_o sure_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n as_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o say_v that_o many_o thing_n that_o be_v consonant_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o to_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v notwithstanding_o forbid_v by_o the_o divine_a law_n see_v that_o that_o law_n be_v the_o most_o perfect_a of_o all_o law_n and_o propose_v a_o reward_n far_o great_a than_o humane_a nature_n or_o than_o can_v possible_o be_v give_v by_o any_o other_o lawmaker_n for_o the_o obtain_n whereof_o there_o be_v deserve_o require_v such_o virtue_n as_o exceed_v those_o command_v by_o the_o sole_a law_n of_o nature_n 18._o vide_fw-la lactant._n de_fw-fr ira_fw-la dei_fw-la c._n 18._o those_o chastisement_n that_o leave_v behind_o they_o no_o brand_n of_o infamy_n nor_o last_a damage_n and_o be_v necessary_a for_o certain_a age_n and_o condition_n est_fw-la servorum_fw-la filiorúmque_fw-la peccata_fw-la non_fw-la coercere_fw-la peccatum_fw-la est_fw-la as_o for_o child_n and_o servant_n be_v no_o whit_n repugnant_a to_o the_o divine_a evangelical_n law_n especial_o if_o do_v by_o such_o as_o by_o humane_a law_n have_v a_o permission_n so_o to_o do_v as_o by_o parent_n tutor_n master_n etc._n etc._n which_o may_v easy_o be_v collect_v from_o the_o very_a nature_n of_o the_o thing_n itself_o for_o these_o be_v the_o soul_n physic_n altogether_o as_o harmless_a as_o well-tempered_a potion_n though_o to_o the_o sense_n as_o unwelcome_a but_o as_o to_o revenge_v it_o be_v otherwise_o for_o as_o it_o only_o satisfy_v the_o mind_n that_o be_v sensible_a of_o the_o wrong_n it_o suffer_v it_o be_v natural_o unlawful_a much_o less_o be_v it_o agreeable_a to_o this_o evangelical_n law_n as_o we_o have_v already_o show_v but_o the_o hebrew_n law_n do_v not_o only_o forbid_v to_o hate_v or_o bear_v any_o grudge_n against_o their_o brethren_n unlawful_a revenge_n as_o it_o proceed_v from_o a_o delight_n in_o the_o revenger_n natural_o unlawful_a that_o be_v against_o their_o own_o countryman_n leu._n 19.17_o but_o it_o command_v they_o to_o confer_v on_o they_o some_o common_a courtesy_n though_o they_o be_v their_o enemy_n exod._n 23.4_o 5._o now_o our_o saviour_n embowel_v this_o law_n and_o show_v that_o under_o the_o name_n of_o neighbour_n all_o mankind_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v do_v hereby_o convince_v we_o that_o we_o be_v not_o only_o restrain_v from_o hurt_v our_o enemy_n but_o that_o we_o be_v also_o command_v to_o do_v they_o good_a matth._n 5.44_o but_o yet_o it_o be_v permit_v to_o the_o hebrew_n to_o revenge_v some_o great_a injury_n do_v they_o though_o not_o by_o themselves_o yet_o by_o their_o judge_n but_o the_o evangelical_n law_n take_v away_o this_o licence_n also_o as_o be_v evident_a by_o that_o opposition_n that_o he_o put_v between_o the_o law_n and_o the_o gospel_n you_o have_v hear_v that_o it_o have_v be_v say_v a_o eye_n for_o a_o eye_n and_o a_o tooth_n for_o a_o tooth_n say_v christ_n but_o i_o say_v unto_o you_o etc._n etc._n and_o
unless_o a_o great_a and_o just_a love_n of_o many_o persuade_v we_o otherwise_o for_o some_o cause_n that_o be_v external_a which_o sometime_o be_v some_o extreme_a danger_n that_o may_v arise_v from_o he_o who_o have_v offend_v but_o very_o often_o the_o necessity_n of_o a_o example_n but_o this_o most_o usual_o arise_v when_o the_o encouragement_n to_o any_o sin_n be_v general_a and_o can_v be_v repress_v without_o sharp_a and_o speedy_a remedy_n now_o the_o principal_a encouragement_n to_o sin_n be_v these_o two_o namely_o custom_n and_o facility_n xxxv_o custom_n &_o facility_n how_o they_o add_v or_o detract_v from_o the_o punishment_n of_o sin_n which_o two_o be_v so_o dangerous_a aught_o to_o be_v provide_v against_o by_o sharp_a and_o severe_a law_n the_o hebrew_a law_n do_v punish_v a_o thief_n more_o severe_o for_o steal_v sheep_n or_o ox_n out_o of_o the_o field_n than_o out_o of_o the_o house_n exod._n 22.1.9_o for_o he_o that_o steal_v out_o of_o the_o field_n be_v to_o restore_v four_o and_o fivefold_a but_o he_o that_o steal_v out_o of_o the_o house_n but_o double_a the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v because_o cattle_n in_o the_o field_n be_v more_o easy_o drive_v away_o and_o therefore_o have_v need_n to_o be_v secure_v by_o the_o severe_a law_n roscio_n orat._n pro_fw-la roscio_n those_o crime_n say_v cicero_n be_v to_o be_v fit_v with_o the_o severe_a punishment_n praecaventur_fw-la ea_fw-la maximè_fw-la animadvertenda_fw-la peccata_fw-la quae_fw-la difficilimè_fw-la praecaventur_fw-la which_o can_v be_v prevent_v without_o great_a difficulty_n so_o justin_n speak_v of_o the_o scythian_n say_v there_o be_v no_o crime_n so_o heinous_a as_o theft_n because_o to_o they_o who_o have_v neither_o house_n nor_o enclosure_n to_o secure_v their_o herd_n of_o cattle_n or_o their_o flock_n of_o sheep_n in_o what_o safety_n can_v there_o be_v if_o it_o be_v permit_v unto_o they_o to_o rob_v and_o steal_v much_o like_a unto_o that_o in_o aristotle_n problem_n where_o speak_v of_o such_o thief_n as_o frequent_v bath_n he_o say_v that_o the_o lawgiver_n consider_v that_o the_o owner_n can_v not_o in_o those_o place_n look_v after_o their_o thing_n wise_o commit_v they_o to_o the_o safeguard_n of_o severe_a law_n and_o according_o we_o find_v that_o these_o balneary_a thief_n be_v in_o athens_n punish_v with_o death_n if_o what_o they_o there_o steal_v be_v above_o the_o value_n of_o ten_o drachma_n as_o demosthenes_n testify_v against_o timocrates_n the_o custom_n of_o a_o fact_n although_o it_o detract_v somewhat_o from_o the_o crime_n for_o as_o pliny_n speak_v in_o such_o a_o case_n he_o give_v he_o his_o pardon_n and_o that_o not_o without_o reason_n for_o though_o the_o fact_n be_v forbid_v by_o the_o law_n yet_o be_v it_o common_o commit_v and_o not_o punish_v yet_o do_v it_o require_v in_o some_o sort_n to_o have_v be_v severe_o punish_v because_o as_o saturninus_n speak_v nimium_fw-la multis_fw-la grassantibus_fw-la opus_fw-la exemplo_fw-la est_fw-la when_o a_o sin_n begin_v to_o spread_v and_o malefactor_n grow_v numerous_a than_o some_o exemplary_a punishment_n seem_v necessary_a for_o as_o a_o hotheaded_a horse_n have_v need_n of_o a_o strong_a rein_n so_o the_o more_o public_a and_o customary_a a_o sin_n grow_v the_o sharp_a shall_v be_v the_o punishment_n to_o suppress_v it_o but_o the_o former_a that_o be_v clemency_n in_o acquit_v offender_n be_v more_o to_o be_v follow_v in_o give_v sentence_n and_o shall_v be_v our_o guide_n in_o pass_a judgement_n but_o the_o law_n themselves_o ought_v to_o be_v severe_a and_o impartial_a yet_o with_o due_a regard_n have_v to_o the_o time_n when_o those_o law_n or_o judgement_n be_v make_v and_o publish_v because_o the_o benefit_n that_o arise_v by_o punishment_n have_v respect_n to_o the_o universality_n as_o all_o law_n also_o have_v but_o offence_n do_v vary_v and_o be_v not_o the_o same_o in_o every_o offender_n for_o in_o some_o they_o be_v great_a and_o in_o some_o less_o xxxvi_o clemency_n in_o the_o mitigation_n of_o punishment_n but_o where_o there_o be_v no_o great_a or_o urgent_a cause_n to_o exact_v the_o severity_n of_o the_o law_n there_o we_o shall_v incline_v to_o mitigate_v punishment_n for_o herein_o consist_v one_o part_n of_o clemency_n the_o other_o part_n consist_v in_o their_o total_a remission_n because_o it_o be_v a_o difficult_a thing_n to_o find_v out_o a_o equal_a temperament_n between_o the_o sin_n and_o the_o punishment_n say_v seneca_n therefore_o let_v the_o inequality_n be_v always_o on_o the_o gentle_a side_n 1._o de_fw-fr clem._n l._n 1._o c._n 1._o and_o in_o another_o place_n poenam_fw-la si_fw-la quis_fw-la tutò_fw-la poterit_fw-la condonet_fw-la sin_v minus_fw-la temperet_fw-la if_o it_o may_v safe_o be_v do_v the_o best_a way_n be_v to_o forgive_v if_o that_o can_v be_v the_o next_o be_v to_o lessen_v the_o punishment_n in_o diodorus_n siculus_n we_o find_v one_o of_o the_o king_n of_o egypt_n high_o commend_v for_o inflict_a punishment_n less_o than_o the_o sin_n deserve_v so_o justin_n in_o his_o epistle_n to_o the_o huns_n the_o manner_n of_o the_o roman_n be_v not_o to_o exact_v punishment_n equal_a to_o the_o merit_n of_o the_o offender_n and_o indeed_o as_o i_o have_v before_o observe_v there_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o mercy_n even_o in_o the_o mitigation_n of_o punishment_n the_o lesser_a lose_v much_o of_o their_o name_n and_o nature_n where_o the_o sin_n deserve_v great_a it_o be_v say_v of_o marcus_n antoninus_n that_o his_o custom_n be_v always_o to_o award_v punishment_n somewhat_o lesser_a than_o the_o crime_n deserve_v or_o the_o law_n require_v and_o isaeus_n the_o orator_n be_v wont_a to_o say_v that_o the_o law_n ought_v to_o be_v severe_a but_o the_o punishment_n always_o mild_a than_o the_o law_n the_o like_a by_o way_n of_o advice_n we_o find_v in_o isocrates_n to_o make_v the_o punishment_n always_o less_o rigorous_a than_o the_o sin_n be_v heinous_a this_o be_v it_o which_o be_v intend_v by_o the_o emperor_n henry_n under_o the_o symbol_n of_o a_o pomegranet-tree_n with_o this_o word_n subacre_n very_o sharp_a and_o cassiodore_n report_v it_o of_o a_o king_n 40._o lib._n 11._o 40._o who_o be_v often_o hear_v to_o say_v where_o there_o be_v danger_n we_o be_v severe_a but_o where_o we_o be_v safe_a we_o always_o pardon_v when_o some_o donatist_n be_v apprehend_v and_o bring_v before_o marcellinus_n for_o whip_v a_o catholic_n priest_n put_v out_o one_o of_o his_o eye_n and_o cut_v off_o one_o of_o his_o finger_n circumcelliones_fw-la ep._n 159._o grat._n c._n 23._o q._n 5._o circumcelliones_fw-la st_n augustine_n fear_v that_o he_o shall_v have_v proceed_v against_o they_o by_o way_n of_o retaliation_n humble_o beseech_v marcellinus_n that_o he_o will_v not_o do_v so_o nor_o suffer_v any_o such_o thing_n to_o be_v do_v for_o nothing_o say_v he_o more_o become_v a_o prince_n than_o clemency_n and_o as_o macedonius_n tell_v st_n augustine_n it_o be_v the_o duty_n of_o a_o priest_n to_o intercede_v for_o the_o guilty_a xxxvii_o to_o these_o be_v refer_v whatsoever_o the_o roman_n or_o hebrew_n have_v write_v concern_v punishment_n thus_o have_v we_o i_o hope_v omit_v nothing_o that_o may_v conduce_v to_o the_o clear_n of_o this_o argument_n of_o itself_o difficult_a and_o obscure_a enough_o for_o those_o four_o thing_n which_o as_o maimonides_n say_v ought_v principal_o to_o be_v regard_v in_o punishment_n namely_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o sin_n that_o be_v the_o damage_n give_v the_o frequency_n of_o such_o sinner_n the_o vehemency_n of_o the_o temptation_n and_o the_o facility_n of_o commit_v it_o we_o have_v refer_v to_o their_o proper_a place_n no_o less_o than_o those_o seven_o mention_v by_o saturninus_n though_o confuse_o enough_o for_o first_o as_o to_o the_o person_n offend_v he_o be_v consider_v principal_o in_o his_o aptitude_n to_o judge_v of_o the_o cause_n exciting_a to_o or_o restrain_v from_o sin_n whereof_o we_o have_v treat_v before_o the_o person_n suffer_v by_o that_o sin_n do_v sometime_o guide_v we_o to_o judge_v of_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o sin_n 31._o sect._n 31._o the_o place_n where_o it_o be_v commit_v do_v either_o peculiarly_a aggravate_v it_o or_o appertain_v likewise_o to_o the_o facility_n of_o sin_v 30._o sect._n 30._o for_o it_o be_v not_o the_o same_o thing_n say_v philo_n to_o offer_v violence_n to_o a_o stranger_n as_o to_o one_o own_o father_n nor_o be_v it_o the_o same_o thing_n to_o speak_v evil_a of_o a_o private_a man_n as_o of_o a_o magistrate_n or_o to_o commit_v a_o unlawful_a thing_n in_o a_o common_a or_o profane_a place_n as_o in_o a_o sacred_a or_o on_o a_o holy_a day_n as_o on_o another_o day_n in_o a_o private_a house_n as_o in_o a_o public_a assembly_n for_o as_o ulpian_n observe_v there_o be_v great_a difference_n between_o a_o injury_n commit_v in_o the_o view_n of_o
for_o other_o to_o follow_v xl._n war_n for_o violate_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n this_o also_o we_o must_v know_v that_o king_n and_o such_o as_o have_v equal_a right_n with_o they_o have_v also_o a_o right_a to_o exact_v punishment_n for_o offence_n do_v not_o against_o themselves_o and_o their_o subject_n only_o but_o for_o such_o injury_n as_o do_v not_o particular_o touch_v themselves_o but_o against_o any_o person_n by_o who_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o nation_n have_v be_v great_o violate_v for_o the_o liberty_n of_o provide_v for_o the_o safety_n of_o humane_a society_n by_o punishment_n which_o at_o first_o as_o we_o have_v say_v be_v in_o every_o particular_a person_n city_n and_o judicatories_n be_v now_o institute_v reside_v in_o such_o as_o have_v the_o supreme_a authority_n not_o so_o proper_o because_o they_o command_v all_o as_o indeed_o because_o they_o be_v command_v by_o none_o for_o that_o which_o take_v away_o this_o right_n from_o private_a man_n be_v their_o subjection_n to_o the_o supreme_a power_n without_o who_o warrant_n they_o can_v attempt_v nothing_o of_o revenge_n yea_o and_o so_o much_o the_o more_o honourable_a it_o be_v to_o revenge_v other_o man_n wrong_n than_o our_o own_o by_o how_o much_o it_o may_v just_o be_v fear_v lest_o out_o of_o too_o great_a a_o sense_n of_o our_o own_o suffering_n we_o either_o exceed_v the_o just_a measure_n of_o punish_v or_o prosecute_v our_o revenge_n with_o too_o much_o malice_n and_o upon_o this_o account_n it_o be_v that_o hercules_n be_v so_o famous_a for_o subdue_a those_o tyrant_n antaeus_n busyris_n diomedes_n etc._n etc._n and_o cleanse_v both_o sea_n and_o land_n from_o all_o such_o noxious_a creature_n which_o he_o do_v not_o out_o of_o ambition_n or_o desire_n of_o gain_n but_o to_o vindicate_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o oppress_a and_o to_o plague_v the_o unjust_a as_o philo_n testify_v of_o he_o legate_n de_fw-fr legate_n this_o character_n be_v likewise_o give_v of_o he_o by_o diodorus_n siculus_n many_o city_n he_o restore_v to_o a_o happy_a condition_n by_o take_v away_o insolent_a tyrant_n and_o such_o like_a oppressor_n for_o as_o the_o same_o author_n speak_v in_o another_o place_n orbem_fw-la obiit_fw-la poenam_fw-la de_fw-la iniquis_fw-la expetens_fw-la he_o travel_v through_o the_o world_n for_o no_o other_o end_n but_o to_o scourge_v tyrant_n the_o like_a testimony_n do_v dion_n prusiensis_fw-la give_v of_o he_o say_v that_o he_o every_o where_o plague_v the_o wicked_a destroy_v the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o proud_a and_o transfer_v they_o unto_o other_o and_o for_o the_o general_a care_n that_o he_o have_v of_o all_o mankind_n aristides_n think_v he_o worthy_a to_o be_v translate_v among_o the_o go_n dionysius_n halicarnassensis_n record_v this_o and_o many_o more_o inhuman_a custom_n which_o hercules_n reform_v to_o the_o general_a benefit_n of_o mankind_n make_v therein_o no_o distinction_n between_o greek_n and_o barbarian_n 1._o lib._n 30._o c._n 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whereof_o be_v that_o we_o do_v not_o mistake_v civil_a custom_n which_o in_o most_o nation_n be_v deserve_o receive_v for_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n such_o almost_o be_v those_o wherein_o the_o persian_n differ_v from_o the_o grecian_n who_o common_a pretence_n for_o their_o make_a war_n upon_o the_o persian_n be_v to_o civilize_v they_o but_o as_o plutarch_n observe_v they_o do_v but_o cloak_v their_o ambition_n and_o covetousness_n under_o the_o title_n of_o reformation_n as_o if_o the_o disagreement_n between_o themselves_o and_o other_o in_o civil_a custom_n have_v be_v a_o violation_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n xlii_o and_o from_o the_o voluntary_a divine_a law_n not_o know_v to_o all_o man_n the_o second_o caution_n be_v this_o that_o among_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v forbid_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n we_o do_v not_o rash_o intersert_v such_o thing_n whereof_o it_o can_v certain_o be_v affirm_v that_o they_o
3._o grat._n in_o causam_fw-la 23._o q._n 3._o st_n augustine_n bring_v in_o maximinianus_fw-la bishop_n of_o vagia_n crave_v aid_n of_o the_o christian_a emperor_n against_o the_o church_n enemy_n non_fw-la tam_fw-la svi_fw-la ulciscendi_fw-la causa_fw-la quam_fw-la tuendae_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la sibi_fw-la creditae_fw-la not_o to_o revenge_v his_o own_o wrong_n but_o to_o defend_v the_o church_n of_o christ_n that_o be_v commit_v unto_o his_o care_n and_o indeed_o such_o a_o war_n shall_v be_v undertake_v more_o for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o innocent_a than_o to_o punish_v the_o nocent_a l._n but_o not_o against_o such_o as_o err_v in_o the_o interpretation_n of_o the_o divine_a law_n but_o they_o that_o eager_o persecute_v those_o that_o profess_v the_o christian_a law_n only_o because_o they_o either_o doubt_n or_o haply_o err_v in_o some_o particular_n which_o either_o be_v not_o express_v in_o our_o law_n or_o at_o least_o not_o so_o clear_o but_o that_o it_o will_v admit_v 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defend_v his_o own_o sect_n do_v diminish_v the_o strength_n and_o liberty_n of_o his_o own_o judgement_n which_o as_o galen_n say_v be_v malum_fw-la omni_fw-la scabie_n insanabilius_fw-la a_o disease_n more_o incurable_a than_o any_o leprosy_n a_o man_n will_v soon_o part_v with_o any_o thing_n than_o with_o his_o opinion_n say_v origen_n so_o st_n chrysostome_n 2._o in_o 1_o ad_fw-la cor._n c._n 2._o a_o opinion_n that_o have_v take_v deep_a root_n through_o custom_n be_v hardly_o to_o be_v remove_v for_o there_o be_v nothing_o that_o we_o alter_v with_o more_o unwillingness_n than_o our_o custom_n in_o religion_n again_o how_o great_a the_o fault_n of_o he_o be_v that_o differ_v from_o we_o in_o opinion_n must_v be_v judge_v by_o the_o manner_n and_o measure_n of_o his_o illumination_n and_o by_o other_o disposition_n of_o his_o mind_n which_o be_v not_o possible_a for_o man_n to_o know_v st_n chrysostome_n make_v ambition_n the_o mother_n of_o heresy_n 5._o ad_fw-la gal._n 5._o and_o st_n augustine_n define_v a_o heretic_n to_o be_v one_o that_o either_o for_o gain_n vainglory_n or_o ambition_n do_v either_o set_v up_o credendi_fw-la lib._n de_fw-fr utilitate_fw-la credendi_fw-la or_o at_o least_o follow_v false_a and_o new_a opinion_n where_o he_o make_v a_o great_a difference_n between_o he_o that_o be_v a_o heretic_n and_o he_o that_o believe_v and_o follow_v a_o heretic_n this_o be_v most_o apparent_a 4._o grat._n c._n 24._o q._n 3._o &_o ep._n 162._o scrip._n respon_n ad_fw-la orthodoxos_fw-la qu._n 4._o that_o all_o heresy_n proceed_v from_o either_o the_o ambition_n or_o emulation_n of_o their_o first_o inventor_n say_v he_o that_o write_v the_o answer_n to_o the_o orthodox_n and_o therefore_o st_n augustine_n call_v it_o the_o frenzy_n of_o a_o mind_n obstinate_o bend_v or_o the_o height_n of_o madness_n and_o yet_o see_v with_o what_o sweetness_n and_o calmness_n of_o spirit_n the_o father_n of_o the_o primitive_a church_n treat_v the_o heretic_n of_o their_o time_n salvian_n speak_v thus_o of_o the_o arrian_n heretic_n they_o be_v but_o not_o know_o to_o we_o they_o be_v heretic_n but_o to_o themselves_o they_o be_v not_o nay_o so_o confident_a they_o be_v that_o they_o be_v in_o the_o right_n that_o they_o brand_v we_o with_o that_o infamous_a name_n of_o heretic_n who_o be_v catholic_n what_o they_o be_v to_o we_o the_o same_o be_v we_o to_o they_o we_o be_v most_o assure_v that_o they_o dishonour_v the_o son_n by_o make_v he_o inferior_a to_o the_o father_n and_o they_o as_o far_o condemn_v we_o for_o dishonour_v the_o father_n in_o make_v the_o son_n equal_a unto_o he_o the_o truth_n be_v on_o our_o side_n yet_o they_o presume_v it_o be_v with_o they_o both_o pretend_v to_o honour_n god_n to_o we_o they_o appear_v uncivil_a but_o that_o to_o they_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o chief_a duty_n of_o their_o religion_n to_o we_o they_o appear_v impious_a but_o this_o they_o esteem_v to_o be_v true_a piety_n they_o err_v indeed_o in_o their_o faith_n but_o they_o do_v it_o in_o perfect_a love_n and_o charity_n to_o god_n and_o how_o far_o punishable_a this_o error_n of_o they_o now_o be_v or_o in_o the_o day_n of_o judgement_n will_v be_v none_o can_v tell_v but_o the_o judge_n himself_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n god_n i_o believe_v do_v therefore_o forbear_v they_o because_o he_o see_v that_o though_o they_o do_v err_v in_o their_o faith_n yet_o this_o error_n proceed_v from_o no_o other_o root_n but_o from_o the_o affection_n to_o a_o pious_a opinion_n and_o indeed_o such_o be_v not_o to_o be_v judge_v heretic_n by_o we_o who_o do_v bono_fw-mi animo_fw-la errare_fw-la err_v through_o a_o ignorant_a zeal_n miseratione_n quà m_fw-la odio_fw-la digniores_fw-la they_o deserve_v rather_o our_o pity_n than_o our_o hatred_n as_o agathias_n speak_v of_o the_o superstitious_a almain_n for_o they_o do_v not_o go_v astray_o nor_o stumble_v willing_o and_o know_o they_o have_v without_o doubt_n pious_a intention_n but_o be_v deceive_v in_o their_o judgement_n whatsoever_o they_o rash_o apprehend_v for_o truth_n they_o hold_v obstinate_o now_o in_o what_o measure_n say_v chrysostome_n anathematizantes_fw-la hom._n contr_n anathematizantes_fw-la such_o error_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v he_o only_o can_v without_o danger_n judge_n who_o be_v the_o judge_n of_o age_n or_o the_o eternal_a judge_n who_o alone_o know_v both_o the_o true_a measure_n of_o knowledge_n and_o the_o proportion_n of_o faith_n concern_v the_o manichee_n let_v we_o hear_v what_o st_n augustine_n say_v who_o be_v himself_o once_o one_o of_o they_o let_v they_o rage_n against_o you_o say_v he_o who_o be_v ignorant_a with_o what_o labour_n and_o sweat_v a_o man_n find_v out_o the_o truth_n which_o be_v but_o one_o and_o how_o difficult_a it_o be_v to_o decline_v error_n which_o be_v infinite_a let_v they_o rage_n against_o you_o who_o know_v not_o how_o rare_a and_o hard_a a_o matter_n it_o be_v to_o overcome_v all_o carnal_a conceit_n by_o the_o serenity_n of_o a_o pure_a mind_n let_v they_o rage_n against_o you_o that_o apprehend_v not_o with_o what_o difficulty_n the_o eye_n of_o our_o inward_a man_n be_v so_o strengthen_v as_o to_o be_v able_a to_o behold_v the_o beauty_n and_o splendour_n of_o its_o own_o sun_n let_v they_o rage_n against_o you_o who_o have_v not_o experimental_o learn_v how_o many_o sigh_n and_o groan_v it_o will_v cost_v before_o a_o man_n can_v attain_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o god_n in_o the_o least_o degree_n last_o let_v they_o rage_n against_o you_o who_o can_v presume_v that_o they_o be_v without_o error_n themselves_o as_o for_o i_o i_o neither_o can_v nor_o dare_v for_o i_o ought_v to_o bear_v with_o you_o now_o as_o other_o do_v former_o with_o i_o and_o to_o treat_v you_o with_o as_o much_o patience_n meekness_n and_o gentleness_n as_o they_o do_v i_o when_o i_o be_v blind_o carry_v away_o with_o your_o error_n athanasius_n bitter_o inveigh_v against_o the_o arrian_n heretic_n because_o they_o be_v the_o first_o that_o call_v in_o the_o civil_a power_n to_o their_o assistance_n against_o their_o antagonist_n and_o that_o endeavour_v by_o force_n stripe_n and_o imprisonment_n to_o draw_v such_o unto_o themselves_o who_o they_o can_v not_o win_v by_o the_o strength_n of_o argument_n thereby_o plain_o declare_v how_o little_a of_o piety_n and_o true_a devotion_n there_o be_v among_o the_o professor_n of_o that_o doctrine_n allude_v haply_o to_o that_o of_o st_n paul_n gal._n 4.29_o where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o as_o then_o he_o that_o be_v bear_v of_o the_o flesh_n persecute_v he_o that_o be_v bear_v of_o the_o spirit_n even_o so_o now_o nova_n &_o inaudita_fw-la est_fw-la ista_fw-la praedicatio_fw-la quae_fw-la verberibus_fw-la exigit_fw-la fidem_fw-la secund_a grat._n c._n 23._o q._n 4._o qui_fw-fr secund_a it_o be_v a_o new_a and_o unheard_a of_o manner_n of_o preach_v to_o enforce_v faith_n by_o
but_o the_o fruit_n of_o our_o own_o choice_n nor_o that_o of_o lysias_n there_o be_v no_o man_n willing_o unfortunate_a but_o when_o a_o man_n be_v make_v miserable_a either_o by_o the_o undeserved_a malice_n of_o a_o enemy_n or_o by_o some_o secret_a fate_n or_o some_o misfortune_n which_o can_v not_o be_v foresee_v than_o protection_n by_o foreign_a prince_n be_v a_o debt_n due_a to_o the_o frailty_n and_o inconstancy_n of_o our_o humane_a condition_n it_o be_v a_o sanction_n of_o the_o wise_a law_n that_o ever_o be_v 11.13_o deut._n 19.1_o 23.15_o exod._n 21.14_o 1_o king_n 2.29_o 2_o king_n 11.13_o that_o he_o that_o have_v accidental_o slay_v a_o man_n who_o he_o hate_v not_o in_o time_n past_a shall_v fly_v to_o one_o of_o the_o five_o city_n of_o refuge_n and_o there_o be_v safe_a because_o that_o act_n as_o to_o the_o irregularity_n of_o it_o have_v not_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o will_n so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o so_o proper_o his_o sin_n as_o his_o misfortune_n whereas_o the_o very_a horn_n of_o the_o altar_n can_v not_o secure_v he_o who_o out_o of_o premeditate_a malice_n have_v slay_v a_o innocent_a person_n or_o who_o out_o of_o a_o affectation_n of_o sovereignty_n and_o dominion_n do_v attempt_v a_o innovation_n in_o the_o state_n which_o law_n philo_n explain_v say_v profanis_fw-la in_o fanum_fw-la nullum_fw-la esse_fw-la receptum_fw-la that_o no_o sanctuary_n can_v give_v protection_n to_o such_o unsanctified_a person_n 32._o quaest_n graec._n 32._o the_o like_a provision_n we_o find_v to_o have_v be_v in_o use_n among_o the_o ancient_a grecian_n as_o plutarch_n testify_v the_o chalcidenses_n refuse_v to_o deliver_v up_o nauplius_n to_o the_o grecian_n and_o the_o reason_n be_v give_v because_o he_o have_v sufficient_o clear_v himself_o of_o the_o crime_n they_o object_v against_o he_o the_o like_a we_o may_v read_v of_o in_o this_o latter_a age_n for_o king_n pepin_n do_v receive_v into_o his_o protection_n and_o refuse_v to_o deliver_v up_o 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this_o in_o that_o age_n be_v the_o common_a port_n or_o haven_n wherein_o all_o the_o wreck_n of_o fortune_n put_v in_o and_o find_v relief_n from_o what_o part_n of_o the_o world_n and_o for_o what_o cause_v soever_o they_o be_v distress_v hither_o they_o come_v and_o here_o they_o find_v succour_n and_o protection_n the_o like_a encomium_n mariana_n give_v of_o arragon_n the_o gepidae_n choose_v rather_o universal_o to_o perish_v 13._o lib._n 20._o c._n 13._o as_o procopius_n inform_v we_o than_o to_o deliver_v up_o ildigisale_n either_o to_o the_o roman_n 4._o goth._n 4._o or_o to_o the_o lombard_n sophocles_n in_o one_o of_o his_o tragedy_n bring_v in_o oedipus_n supplicate_v the_o athenian_n in_o these_o word_n ah_o man_n of_o athens_n i_o have_v suffer_v much_o suffer_v indeed_o for_o god_n my_o witness_n be_v that_o know_o i_o have_v not_o do_v amiss_o and_o theseus_n answer_v he_o thus_o such_o guest_n as_o thou_o at_o all_o time_n to_o defend_v o_o oedipus_n repent_v i_o 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nocente_fw-la numina_fw-la at_o justum_fw-la fuit_fw-la piis_fw-la patere_fw-la templa_fw-la contra_fw-la injurias_fw-la with_o hand_n impure_a the_o god_n to_o supplicate_v indecent_a be_v yet_o shall_v the_o temple_n gate_n stand_v open_a for_o the_o oppress_v to_o enter_v at_o lycurgus_n the_o orator_n relate_v a_o story_n of_o one_o calistratus_n who_o have_v commit_v some_o heinous_a crime_n and_o consult_v the_o oracle_n about_o his_o safety_n receive_v this_o answer_n that_o if_o he_o will_v fly_v to_o athens_n he_o shall_v have_v right_o do_v he_o in_o hope_n of_o impunity_n he_o betake_v himself_o to_o that_o altar_n in_o athens_n which_o be_v hold_v the_o most_o sacred_a yet_o even_o from_o thence_o he_o be_v take_v and_o put_v to_o death_n so_o also_o be_v ferdinand_n lord_n high_a chamberlain_n of_o portugal_n force_v from_o the_o altar_n 21._o lib._n 21._o and_o burn_v for_o ravish_v a_o noble_a virgin_n as_o mariana_n record_v so_o religious_o do_v they_o distinguish_v between_o such_o as_o be_v criminous_a and_o such_o as_o be_v unfortunate_a tacitus_n condemn_v some_o of_o the_o grecian_a city_n of_o superstition_n who_o think_v their_o god_n to_o be_v please_v with_o their_o protect_a of_o malefactor_n prince_n say_v he_o be_v like_o god_n for_o neither_o do_v the_o god_n themselves_o answer_v the_o supplication_n of_o the_o wicked_a 3._o ann._n lib._n 3._o and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o assure_v we_o neque_fw-la à _fw-la diis_fw-la nisi_fw-la justas_fw-la supplicum_fw-la preces_fw-la audiri_fw-la that_o the_o god_n never_o hear_v the_o supplication_n of_o man_n unless_o they_o be_v just_a such_o then_o as_o be_v notorious_o faulty_a be_v either_o to_o be_v deliver_v up_o punish_v or_o at_o least_o banish_v out_o of_o their_o dominion_n from_o who_o they_o be_v demand_v 1._o lib._n 1._o thus_o do_v the_o cymaei_fw-la in_o herodotus_n who_o though_o they_o will_v not_o deliver_v up_o pactye_n the_o persian_a who_o notwithstanding_o they_o dare_v not_o keep_v yet_o choose_v that_o which_o be_v safe_a to_o both_o which_o be_v to_o suffer_v he_o to_o fly_v to_o mitylene_n thus_o perseus_n king_n of_o macedon_n in_o his_o apology_n to_o martius_n concern_v those_o that_o have_v betray_v eumenes_n plead_v thus_o as_o soon_o as_o upon_o your_o information_n i_o find_v these_o man_n in_o macedon_n i_o command_v they_o forthwith_o to_o depart_v my_o kingdom_n and_o have_v for_o ever_o interdict_v they_o my_o dominion_n thus_o do_v queen_n elizabeth_n answer_v the_o scot_n who_o demand_v bothwell_n 1593._o camden_n an._n 1593._o that_o she_o be_v ready_a either_o to_o deliver_v he_o up_o or_o to_o banish_v he_o out_o of_o england_n yet_o do_v the_o european_a prince_n in_o most_o place_n at_o this_o day_n and_o in_o the_o age_n last_o pass_v connive_v at_o one_o another_o for_o the_o reception_n of_o malefactor_n unless_o they_o be_v such_o as_o disturb_v the_o public_a peace_n or_o that_o be_v guilty_a of_o some_o egregious_a crime_n for_o lesser_a crime_n they_o usual_o pass_v by_o unless_o they_o be_v direct_o except_v against_o in_o the_o article_n of_o any_o league_n as_o it_o be_v in_o that_o make_v between_o england_n and_o france_n wherein_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o rebel_n and_o fugitive_n shall_v be_v deliver_v up_o and_o in_o that_o make_v with_o the_o burgundian_n wherein_o it_o be_v provide_v that_o all_o such_o shall_v be_v expel_v as_o camden_n testify_v 1600._o anno_fw-la 1600._o however_o this_o be_v worth_a our_o observation_n that_o notorious_a thief_n and_o pirate_n when_o through_o long_a and_o prosperous_a success_n they_o be_v become_v formidable_a to_o their_o neighbour_n may_v be_v protect_v as_o from_o punishment_n because_o it_o conduce_v much_o to_o the_o common_a safety_n to_o withdraw_v such_o person_n from_o their_o wicked_a practice_n by_o hope_n of_o indemnity_n in_o case_n it_o can_v otherwise_o be_v do_v this_o therefore_o any_o prince_n or_o people_n may_v undertake_v to_o do_v vi_o yet_o may_v
they_o be_v protect_v until_o their_o cause_n be_v examine_v and_o by_o what_o law_n and_o this_o also_o be_v observable_a that_o suppliant_n may_v be_v defend_v until_o the_o equity_n of_o their_o case_n be_v right_o know_v thus_o demophon_n tell_v the_o ambassador_n of_o eurysthius_n who_o demand_v of_o he_o some_o that_o flee_v unto_o he_o for_o protection_n si_fw-mi crimen_fw-la istis_fw-la aliquod_fw-la hospitibus_fw-la struis_fw-la jus_fw-la impetrabis_fw-la vi_fw-la quidem_fw-la hinc_fw-la non_fw-la abstrahe_n if_o with_o foul_a crime_n you_o can_v they_o charge_n you_o may_v what_o be_v right_a obtain_v but_o not_o they_o force_v away_o but_o if_o the_o crime_n whereof_o they_o stand_v accuse_v be_v such_o as_o be_v neither_o against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o nation_n then_o shall_v they_o be_v judge_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n of_o that_o place_n from_o whence_o the_o suppliant_n come_v which_o aeschylus_n excellent_o prove_v in_o his_o tragedy_n of_o suppliant_n where_o he_o bring_v in_o the_o king_n of_o the_o argive_n bespeak_v a_o company_n of_o grecian_n that_o come_v out_o of_o egypt_n thus_o manum_fw-la tibi_fw-la si_fw-la immittat_fw-la aegypti_n genus_fw-la quod_fw-la lege_fw-la patria_fw-la proximos_fw-la se_fw-la sanguine_fw-la dicant_fw-la quis_fw-la haec_fw-la objicere_fw-la se_fw-la contra_fw-la velit_fw-la quare_fw-la tuum_fw-la est_fw-la docere_fw-la natalis_fw-la soli_fw-la exit_fw-la lege_fw-la nullo_n jure_fw-la te_fw-la illis_fw-la subjici_fw-la vii_o how_o subject_n may_v partake_v of_o their_o prince_n fault_n how_o the_o fault_n of_o subject_n whether_o native_n or_o stranger_n may_v be_v transfer_v to_o their_o governor_n we_o have_v already_o see_v now_o on_o the_o other_o side_n subject_n also_o may_v partake_v of_o their_o prince_n fault_n in_o case_n they_o either_o consent_n thereunto_o or_o act_v any_o thing_n at_o his_o command_n or_o by_o his_o persuasion_n that_o be_v wicked_a but_o hereof_o we_o shall_v discourse_v 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as_o upon_o individual_a person_n the_o great_a punishment_n that_o can_v be_v inflict_v be_v death_n so_o the_o death_n of_o a_o city_n be_v desolation_n 4._o sup._n cap._n 9_o sect_n 4._o which_o happen_v when_o the_o body_n politic_a be_v whole_o dissolve_v that_o be_v when_o all_o the_o law_n privilege_n and_o other_o advantage_n thereof_o do_v utter_o fail_v and_o by_o this_o mean_v every_o single_a person_n may_v of_o a_o citizen_n become_v a_o slave_n as_o the_o theban_n be_v to_o alexander_n of_o macedon_n alex._n plut._n alex._n those_o only_o except_v that_o contradict_v the_o decree_n of_o dissolve_v the_o society_n so_o also_o a_o city_n or_o a_o kingdom_n may_v be_v reduce_v into_o a_o civil_a servitude_n by_o be_v make_v a_o province_n and_o every_o particular_a person_n may_v lose_v his_o propriety_n by_o confiscation_n and_o whatsoever_o that_o city_n or_o people_n hold_v in_o common_a as_o their_o wall_n their_o magazine_n their_o port_n man_n of_o war_n fleet_n elephant_n treasury_n yea_o and_o their_o common_a field_n all_o become_v the_o conqueror_n but_o for_o private_a man_n to_o lose_v their_o particular_a estate_n through_o the_o default_n of_o the_o universality_n without_o any_o consent_n of_o they_o be_v unjust_a as_o libanius_n very_o well_o observe_v in_o his_o oration_n concern_v the_o antiochian_a sedition_n the_o same_o author_n approve_v the_o fact_n of_o theodosius_n for_o punish_v a_o common_a fault_n with_o the_o loss_n of_o their_o public_a theatre_n bath_n and_o the_o honour_n of_o be_v a_o metropolis_n which_o st_n chrysostome_n also_o confirm_v in_o his_o seventeen_o oration_n de_fw-fr statuis_fw-la after_o the_o very_a same_o manner_n be_v the_o same_o antiochian_o of_o old_a punish_v by_o m._n antoninus_n the_o philosopher_n etc._n etc._n viii_o whether_o a_o punishment_n once_o due_a may_v at_o any_o time_n be_v exact_v but_o here_o we_o meet_v with_o a_o notable_a question_n whether_o the_o punishment_n due_a for_o a_o injury_n do_v by_o the_o generality_n of_o any_o one_o city_n or_o state_n may_v at_o any_o time_n afterward_o be_v exact_v so_o long_o as_o that_o state_n city_n or_o commonwealth_n do_v subsist_v it_o may_v for_o that_o which_o be_v just_o due_a at_o all_o time_n may_v at_o any_o time_n be_v exact_v because_o the_o same_o body_n politic_a still_o remain_v though_o the_o individual_n succeed_v each_o to_o other_o as_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o show_v but_o yet_o on_o the_o other_o side_n we_o must_v note_v that_o some_o thing_n be_v primary_o and_o absolute_o necessary_a to_o every_o corporation_n as_o to_o have_v a_o public_a treasury_n to_o have_v law_n and_o the_o like_a other_o appertain_v thereunto_o derivative_o only_a from_o those_o individual_a person_n that_o inhabit_v therein_o in_o which_o sense_n a_o nation_n or_o city_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v just_a valiant_a prudent_a if_o most_o or_o many_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n thereof_o be_v such_o and_o of_o this_o kind_n be_v the_o merit_n of_o a_o city_n for_o that_o which_o have_v no_o life_n can_v of_o itself_o contract_v any_o guilt_n but_o a_o city_n be_v say_v to_o be_v guilty_a in_o respect_n of_o those_o particular_a person_n who_o actual_o offend_v but_o they_o be_v dead_a by_o who_o the_o guilt_n be_v deduce_v to_o the_o generality_n of_o the_o people_n the_o guilt_n die_v also_o and_o consequent_o the_o obligation_n to_o the_o punishment_n which_o without_o merit_n can_v consist_v thus_o libanius_n in_o his_o forecited_n oration_n there_o be_v no_o place_n leave_v for_o revenge_n where_o all_o be_v dead_a that_o give_v the_o offence_n wherefore_o alexander_n be_v high_o condemn_v by_o arrianus_n for_o his_o too_o much_o cruelty_n and_o injustice_n in_o his_o revenge_n take_v upon_o the_o persian_n there_o be_v no_o one_o person_n then_o live_v of_o those_o who_o have_v former_o offend_v the_o grecian_n and_o therefore_o julian_n ascribe_v that_o war_n to_o another_o cause_n there_o be_v never_o any_o war_n say_v he_o repute_v just_a laudatione_fw-la constantii_n laudatione_fw-la that_o be_v undertake_v for_o such_o a_o cause_n neither_o by_o the_o grecian_n against_o the_o trojan_n nor_o by_o the_o macedonian_n against_o the_o persian_n as_o may_v be_v make_v clear_a to_o any_o child_n for_o they_o never_o visit_v crime_n ancient_o commit_v by_o parent_n on_o their_o nephew_n or_o child_n but_o invade_v those_o only_a who_o have_v by_o force_n oppress_v the_o posterity_n of_o such_o as_o have_v well_o deserve_v and_o dispossess_v they_o of_o their_o kingdom_n concern_v the_o destruction_n of_o the_o branchidae_n make_v by_o the_o same_o alexander_n curtius_n give_v his_o judgement_n thus_o if_o say_v he_o the_o same_o punishment_n have_v be_v inflict_v upon_o the_o traitor_n themselves_o it_o have_v be_v record_v as_o a_o act_n of_o his_o justice_n and_o not_o of_o his_o cruelty_n but_o the_o revenge_n fall_v upon_o the_o innocent_a whilst_o their_o posterity_n who_o never_o so_o much_o as_o see_v miletum_n and_o therefore_o can_v not_o betray_v it_o to_o xerxes_n pay_v the_o price_n of_o their_o forefather_n sin_n the_o like_a judgement_n do_v arrianus_n pass_v upon_o alexander_n burn_v of_o persepolis_n in_o revenge_n for_o what_o the_o persian_n have_v long_o before_o do_v unto_o the_o city_n of_o athens_n but_o say_v arrianus_n in_o my_o opinion_n it_o be_v not_o wise_o do_v of_o alexander_n neither_o can_v that_o be_v true_o say_v to_o be_v a_o just_a revenge_n upon_o those_o persian_n who_o have_v be_v dead_a long_o before_o for_o as_o to_o that_o answer_n which_o agathocles_n make_v to_o the_o just_a complaint_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o ithaca_n namely_o that_o the_o sicilian_n have_v of_o old_a suffer_v much_o more_o by_o their_o countryman_n ulysses_n none_o that_o hear_v of_o it_o but_o will_v think_v it_o ridiculous_a and_o plutarch_n in_o his_o book_n against_o herodotus_n say_v that_o it_o be_v a_o thing_n very_o improbable_a that_o the_o corinthian_n shall_v revenge_v a_o injury_n do_v they_o by_o the_o
and_o the_o like_a the_o same_o almost_o may_v be_v say_v of_o such_o thing_n as_o a_o man_n enjoy_v either_o jure_fw-la precario_fw-la by_o entreaty_n or_o permission_n respect_n be_v have_v to_o the_o propriety_n of_o the_o thing_n or_o in_o his_o own_o private_a right_n respect_n be_v have_v to_o that_o sovereign_n right_o that_o every_o city_n or_o state_n have_v over_o it_o for_o the_o public_a and_o general_a safety_n now_o if_o any_o of_o these_o shall_v be_v take_v away_o by_o the_o occasion_n of_o another_o man_n crime_n it_o be_v not_o as_o i_o have_v say_v before_o proper_o as_o a_o punishment_n but_o as_o the_o execution_n of_o that_o precedent_a right_n which_o by_o promise_n be_v transfer_v to_o he_o that_o take_v it_o so_o when_o that_o beast_n be_v put_v to_o death_n with_o who_o a_o man_n have_v have_v copulation_n as_o by_o the_o law_n of_o moses_n be_v decree_v it_o be_v not_o by_o way_n of_o punishment_n forasmuch_o as_o a_o beast_n have_v no_o law_n can_v be_v say_v proper_o to_o sin_n and_o consequent_o be_v not_o liable_a to_o punishment_n but_o it_o be_v by_o virtue_n of_o that_o right_n and_o dominion_n that_o man_n have_v over_o beast_n to_o do_v with_o they_o as_o they_o please_v xii_o proper_o no_o man_n can_v be_v just_o punish_v for_o another_o fault_n these_o distinction_n be_v grant_v we_o say_v that_o no_o innocent_a person_n can_v be_v punish_v for_o the_o default_n of_o another_o the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v because_o every_o punishment_n presuppose_v a_o offence_n and_o every_o offence_n must_v needs_o be_v personal_a because_o it_o arise_v from_o the_o choice_n of_o the_o will_n and_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o true_o and_o proper_o we_o than_o that_o which_o derive_v its_o be_v from_o we_o xiii_o no_o not_o the_o child_n for_o their_o parent_n it_o be_v st_n hieroms_n observation_n that_o neque_fw-la virtutes_fw-la neque_fw-la vitia_fw-la parentum_fw-la liberis_fw-la imputantur_fw-la that_o neither_o the_o virtue_n nor_o vice_n of_o parent_n be_v impute_v unto_o their_o child_n and_o st_n augustine_n conclude_v peremptory_o 105._o peremptory_o epist._n 105._o that_o it_o stand_v not_o with_o the_o perfection_n of_o god_n justice_n to_o punish_v a_o innocent_a dion_z chrysostome_n when_o he_o have_v say_v that_o by_o the_o athenian_a law_n the_o child_n be_v sometime_o put_v to_o death_n for_o their_o parent_n crime_n speak_v of_o the_o law_n of_o god_n he_o subjoin_v but_o this_o law_n do_v not_o like_o the_o other_o punish_v the_o posterity_n of_o those_o that_o sin_n but_o make_v every_o man_n to_o be_v the_o author_n of_o his_o own_o misery_n according_a to_o that_o common_a proverb_n noxa_fw-la sequitur_fw-la caput_fw-la the_o punishment_n follow_v the_o malefactor_n only_o we_o do_v decree_n say_v the_o christian_a emperor_n that_o where_o the_o guilt_n be_v there_o shall_v be_v the_o punishment_n for_o sin_n like_o a_o viper_n devour_v its_o own_o parent_n and_o therefore_o our_o fear_n shall_v not_o be_v extend_v far_a than_o our_o guilt_n quis_fw-la locus_fw-la innocentiae_fw-la relinquitur_fw-la si_fw-la alienum_fw-la crimen_fw-la maculet_fw-la nescientem_fw-la where_o say_v st_n augustine_n shall_v innocence_n find_v sanctuary_n if_o the_o child_n that_o be_v ignorant_a and_o innocent_a must_v be_v involve_v in_o his_o father_n punishment_n philo_z in_o his_o special_a law_n 2._o lib._n 2._o abominate_v the_o custom_n of_o some_o nation_n in_o destroy_v the_o child_n of_o traitor_n and_o tyrant_n say_v justum_fw-la est_fw-la eorum_fw-la esse_fw-la poenas_fw-la quorum_fw-la sunt_fw-la delicta_fw-la it_o be_v just_a that_o they_o shall_v suffer_v that_o have_v sin_v and_o in_o another_o place_n there_o be_v nothing_o say_v he_o more_o unjust_a or_o of_o more_o dangerous_a consequence_n to_o a_o state_n than_o to_o deny_v either_o the_o virtuous_a child_n of_o wicked_a parent_n their_o deserve_a honour_n or_o the_o wicked_a child_n of_o virtuous_a parent_n their_o due_a punishment_n for_o the_o law_n judge_v every_o man_n according_a to_o his_o own_o work_n and_o neither_o commend_v any_o man_n for_o the_o virtue_n nor_o condemn_v any_o man_n for_o the_o vice_n of_o his_o ancestor_n and_o josephus_n condemn_v the_o contrary_a fact_n in_o alexander_n king_n of_o the_o jew_n call_v it_o the_o exaction_n of_o punishment_n exceed_v all_o humane_a measure_n so_o also_o do_v dionysius_n halicarnassensis_n where_o he_o confute_v that_o common_a pretence_n of_o cruelty_n which_o be_v that_o malus_fw-la corvus_fw-la malum_fw-la ovum_fw-la the_o child_n will_v be_v like_o the_o father_n for_o this_o also_o say_v he_o be_v very_o uncertain_a and_o a_o uncertain_a fear_n can_v be_v no_o ground_n sufficient_a to_o justify_v a_o certain_a death_n one_o be_v so_o bold_a as_o to_o tell_v arcadius_n a_o christian_a emperor_n that_o the_o child_n shall_v also_o attend_v their_o guilty_a parent_n to_o death_n if_o but_o suspect_v to_o have_v be_v infect_v by_o their_o example_n and_o ammianus_n relate_v a_o story_n of_o a_o daughter_n at_o that_o time_n very_o little_a that_o be_v put_v to_o death_n nè_fw-la ad_fw-la parentum_fw-la exempla_fw-la succresceret_fw-la lest_o she_o shall_v grow_v to_o be_v like_o her_o parent_n neither_o be_v the_o fear_n of_o revenge_n any_o just_a cause_n to_o destroy_v the_o child_n of_o guilty_a parent_n which_o occasion_v that_o greek_a proverb_n who_o kill_v the_o sire_n and_o save_v the_o son_n a_o fool_n for_o as_o seneca_n note_n there_o be_v nothing_o more_o unrighteous_a than_o for_o a_o child_n to_o inherit_v his_o father_n malice_n pausanias_n the_o greek_a emperor_n will_v not_o do_v the_o least_o hurt_n to_o the_o child_n of_o attaginus_n who_o have_v cause_v the_o theban_n to_o revolt_v unto_o the_o mede_n presume_v that_o they_o be_v not_o guilty_a of_o that_o conspiracy_n and_o m._n anthony_n in_o his_o epistle_n to_o the_o roman_a senate_n command_v they_o to_o pardon_v the_o son_n of_o avidius_n cassius_n who_o have_v conspire_v against_o he_o together_o with_o his_o son-in-law_n and_o his_o wife_n add_v but_o what_o speak_v i_o of_o pardon_v they_o who_o have_v do_v no_o evil_n and_o julian_n high_o commend_v the_o like_a humanity_n in_o constantius_n show_v that_o good_a child_n do_v many_o time_n spring_v from_o wicked_a parent_n as_o bee_n out_o of_o rock_n figgs_n out_o of_o bitter_a wood_n and_o pomegranate_n from_o thorn_n fourteen_o the_o objection_n take_v from_o god_n deal_v with_o man_n answer_v but_o god_n in_o the_o moysaicall_a law_n threaten_v to_o visit_v the_o sin_n of_o father_n upon_o their_o child_n but_o he_o have_v a_o full_a and_o absolute_a power_n and_o dominion_n not_o only_o over_o our_o good_n but_o life_n also_o as_o be_v his_o own_o gift_n which_o he_o may_v take_v away_o from_o we_o at_o any_o time_n and_o that_o without_o any_o other_o cause_n give_v than_o his_o own_o will_n if_o therefore_o he_o do_v at_o any_o time_n by_o some_o violent_a and_o untimely_a death_n snatch_v away_o the_o child_n of_o a_o achan_n saul_n jeroboam_n ahab_n or_o the_o like_a he_o do_v but_o exercise_v his_o own_o right_n of_o dominion_n and_o not_o that_o of_o punishment_n and_o yet_o by_o the_o same_o effect_n he_o do_v the_o more_o exquisite_o punish_v the_o parent_n of_o those_o child_n 9_o rab._n simon_n barsemi_fw-fr 2_o sam._n 21._o 1_o king_n 14._o 2_o king_n 8_o 9_o 10._o hom._n 29._o in_o gen._n 9_o as_o some_o of_o the_o jewish_a doctor_n teach_v very_o true_o for_o whether_o the_o parent_n do_v survive_v their_o child_n which_o the_o divine_a law_n do_v chief_o respect_n and_o therefore_o extend_v not_o its_o threat_n beyond_o the_o four_o generation_n which_o be_v possible_a for_o a_o man_n to_o see_v exod._n 25._o most_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o the_o parent_n be_v even_o therein_o intend_v to_o be_v more_o severe_o punish_v by_o so_o sad_a a_o example_n as_o be_v thereby_o more_o deep_o wound_v than_o by_o their_o own_o suffering_n as_o chrysostome_n well_o observe_v wherewith_o agree_v that_o of_o plutarch_n nullum_fw-la durius_fw-la supplicium_fw-la quam_fw-la eos_fw-la qui_fw-la ex_fw-la se_fw-la sunt_fw-la ob_fw-la se_fw-la miseros_fw-la spectare_fw-la no_o punishment_n so_o grievous_a as_o to_o see_v those_o bear_v of_o we_o to_o be_v for_o our_o fault_n miserable_a or_o whether_o the_o parent_n do_v not_o live_v so_o long_o as_o to_o see_v their_o child_n suffering_n yet_o doubtless_o to_o depart_v this_o life_n in_o that_o fear_n be_v a_o most_o dreadful_a torment_n the_o hardness_n of_o man_n heart_n say_v tertullian_n do_v urge_v the_o almighty_a to_o this_o severity_n that_o so_o they_o that_o have_v any_o care_n of_o the_o welfare_n of_o their_o posterity_n may_v yield_v the_o more_o ready_a obedience_n to_o the_o law_n of_o god_n whereunto_o we_o may_v add_v that_o of_o alexander_n in_o curtius_n who_o be_v demand_v what_o shall_v become_v of_o their_o innocent_a
child_n answer_v it_o be_v not_o for_o you_o to_o know_v what_o i_o intend_v to_o do_v with_o they_o that_o you_o yourselves_o may_v perish_v the_o more_o uncomfortable_o but_o withal_o we_o must_v note_v that_o god_n do_v not_o use_v this_o severity_n but_o for_o such_o sin_n as_o be_v commit_v proper_o in_o the_o reproach_n of_o himself_o as_o for_o the_o sin_n of_o idolatry_n sacrilege_n perjury_n and_o the_o like_a neither_o do_v the_o grecian_n themselves_o think_v otherwise_o for_o all_o those_o sin_n which_o be_v thus_o visit_v on_o posterity_n which_o they_o call_v stupendous_a be_v of_o this_o sort_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d whereof_o plutarch_n discourse_v excellent_o in_o his_o book_n concern_v the_o late_a revenge_n of_o god_n and_o in_o aelian_a we_o find_v a_o delphic_a oracle_n to_o this_o very_a purpose_n denoun_v against_o the_o sin_n of_o sacrilege_n at_o scelerum_fw-la fontes_fw-la divinum_fw-la persequitur_fw-la jus_o necpote_n vitari_fw-la non_fw-la si_fw-la genus_fw-la ab_fw-la jove_n ducant_fw-la sed_fw-la capiti_fw-la ipsorum_fw-la &_o qui_fw-la nascunter_n ab_fw-la ipsis_fw-la imminet_fw-la inque_fw-la domo_fw-la cladem_fw-la subit_fw-la altera_fw-la clades_fw-la vengeance_n the_o guilty_a do_v from_o heaven_n attend_v which_o none_o can_v '_o escape_v though_o they_o from_o jove_n descend_v upon_o themselves_o and_o on_o their_o child_n all_o plague_n after_o plague_n throughout_o the_o house_n shall_v fall_v the_o like_a we_o have_v in_o libanius_n who_o speak_v of_o some_o sacrilegious_a person_n say_v whereof_o some_o have_v already_o be_v punish_v other_o not_o yet_o but_o none_o shall_v escape_v and_o not_o only_o they_o but_o their_o child_n child_n after_o they_o this_o be_v also_o confirm_v by_o strabo_n and_o gellius_n in_o the_o story_n of_o the_o gold_n steal_v out_o of_o temple_n at_o tholouse_n concern_v perjury_n we_o have_v already_o give_v the_o like_a testimony_n above_o and_o concern_v idolatry_n we_o have_v a_o most_o pregnant_a example_n in_o jeroboam_n where_o it_o be_v also_o to_o be_v observe_v that_o although_o god_n do_v thus_o threaten_v to_o visit_v the_o sin_n of_o parent_n upon_o their_o child_n yet_o he_o do_v not_o always_o do_v it_o especial_o if_o any_o spark_n of_o virtue_n appear_v in_o they_o or_o if_o the_o child_n do_v public_o declare_v his_o detestation_n of_o his_o father_n wickedness_n as_o andron_n pelaeologus_n do_v as_o be_v evident_a ezech._n 18._o and_o by_o divers_a example_n allege_v by_o plutarch_n in_o the_o place_n before_o recite_v and_o in_o the_o new_a testament_n where_o there_o be_v a_o clear_a discovery_n make_v of_o the_o punishment_n that_o attend_v we_o after_o this_o life_n than_o in_o any_o of_o the_o prophet_n yet_o be_v there_o no_o commination_n that_o extend_v beyond_o the_o person_n sin_v whereunto_o that_o of_o ezekiel_n have_v some_o respect_n though_o but_o obscure_o as_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o prophet_n at_o that_o time_n be_v now_o though_o god_n do_v sometime_o visit_v the_o sin_n of_o parent_n on_o their_o child_n yet_o be_v this_o no_o warrant_n for_o we_o to_o do_v the_o same_o neither_o can_v there_o be_v the_o same_o reason_n because_o of_o that_o absolute_a power_n and_o dominion_n that_o he_o have_v over_o our_o life_n to_o take_v they_o away_o at_o his_o pleasure_n without_o any_o respect_n have_v unto_o our_o sin_n whereas_o man_n can_v have_v no_o such_o power_n but_o what_o our_o own_o crime_n give_v they_o and_o therefore_o as_o the_o sin_n so_o the_o punishment_n shall_v not_o be_v extend_v beyond_o our_o person_n and_o therefore_o the_o very_a same_o law_n of_o god_n do_v express_o in_o another_o place_n forbid_v that_o either_o the_o father_n shall_v be_v put_v to_o death_n for_o the_o child_n or_o the_o child_n for_o the_o father_n deut._n 24.16_o which_o some_o of_o the_o pious_a king_n of_o israel_n do_v religious_o observe_v even_o in_o the_o case_n of_o treason_n as_o amasias_n do_v which_o law_n be_v high_o commend_v both_o by_o josephus_n and_o philo_n as_o isocrates_n do_v the_o like_a law_n among_o the_o egyptian_n and_o dionysius_n halicarnassensis_n the_o same_o among_o the_o roman_n neither_o the_o sin_n nor_o punishment_n of_o the_o father_n leave_v any_o guilt_n at_o all_o upon_o the_o child_n say_v calistratus_n out_o of_o plato_n for_o it_o be_v just_a that_o every_o fox_n shall_v pay_v his_o own_o skin_n unto_o the_o fleaer_fw-mi and_o that_o every_o man_n shall_v carve_v out_o his_o own_o fortune_n and_o no_o man_n answer_v for_o his_o sin_n before_o god_n by_o a_o attorney_n will_v any_o city_n say_v cicero_n endure_v such_o a_o law_n that_o shall_v condemn_v the_o son_n or_o nephew_n if_o the_o father_n only_o or_o the_o grandfather_n do_v offend_v hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o roman_a grecian_a and_o egyptian_a law_n do_v forbid_v the_o put_n to_o death_n of_o woman_n with_o child_n as_o a_o act_n of_o injustice_n and_o cruelty_n xv._o if_o not_o child_n much_o less_o kinsman_n and_o if_o so_o then_o certain_o the_o law_n of_o the_o 10._o the_o dan._n 7.22_o justin_n l._n 10._o persian_n and_o macedonian_n adjudge_v to_o death_n all_o the_o kindred_n and_o relation_n of_o traitor_n that_o so_o they_o may_v the_o more_o dolorous_o perish_v as_o curtius_n speak_v be_v most_o cruel_a and_o unjust_a which_o ammianus_n marcellinus_n record_v as_o the_o severe_a of_o all_o law_n philo_z also_o observe_v that_o it_o be_v usual_a with_o tyrant_n to_o put_v to_o death_n together_o with_o the_o person_n so_o condemn_v the_o five_o family_n that_o be_v of_o near_a kin_n to_o they_o which_o execrable_a custom_n be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o hear_v of_o among_o christian_n be_v a_o cruelty_n exceed_v any_o humane_a judgement_n xvi_o yet_o may_v child_n be_v deny_v something_n which_o otherwise_o they_o may_v have_v have_v but_o yet_o in_o case_n the_o child_n of_o such_o traitor_n may_v have_v or_o expect_v to_o enjoy_v any_o thing_n whereof_o the_o peculiar_a right_n be_v not_o in_o they_o but_o in_o the_o king_n or_o people_n it_o may_v be_v take_v from_o they_o by_o a_o certain_a right_n of_o dominion_n as_o it_o add_v to_o the_o punishment_n of_o the_o offender_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o as_o plutarch_n observe_v the_o posterity_n of_o traitor_n be_v hold_v uncapable_a of_o honour_n as_o the_o child_n of_o such_o as_o be_v proscribe_v by_o sylla_n be_v among_o the_o roman_n so_o by_o the_o law_n of_o arcadius_n it_o be_v provide_v as_o a_o thing_n tolerable_a against_o the_o child_n of_o traitor_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v admit_v into_o any_o honour_n or_o office_n in_o the_o commonwealth_n xvii_o nor_o be_v subject_n proper_o punish_v for_o their_o prince_n crime_n now_o what_o have_v be_v here_o say_v of_o child_n may_v as_o well_o be_v say_v of_o such_o people_n as_o be_v true_o subject_n if_o the_o question_n be_v put_v whether_o they_o may_v be_v just_o punish_v for_o the_o sin_n of_o their_o king_n or_o of_o their_o governor_n i_o mean_v not_o here_o in_o case_n the_o people_n shall_v give_v their_o consent_n thereunto_o or_o act_v any_o thing_n in_o relation_n to_o the_o fault_n of_o their_o prince_n which_o be_v in_o itself_o punishable_a but_o we_o treat_v of_o that_o contract_n which_o arise_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o that_o body_n whereof_o the_o king_n be_v the_o head_n and_o the_o subject_n the_o member_n for_o as_o to_o those_o that_o give_v their_o consent_n and_o assistance_n to_o the_o sin_n of_o their_o prince_n it_o be_v true_a what_o philo_n observe_v of_o pharaoh_n in_o abraham_n time_n that_o the_o whole_a family_n feel_v the_o smart_n of_o pharaoh_n sin_n because_o no_o man_n have_v indignation_n against_o so_o unjust_a a_o fact_n but_o all_o of_o they_o by_o commend_v it_o be_v as_o guilty_a almost_o as_o himself_o so_o josephus_n discourse_v of_o the_o judgement_n of_o jeroboam_n the_o people_n say_v â—e_n do_v likewise_o partake_v of_o the_o punishment_n of_o the_o king_n sin_n for_o they_o also_o be_v to_o be_v expel_v that_o good_a land_n and_o to_o be_v scatter_v into_o foreign_a nation_n because_o they_o be_v his_o companion_n in_o the_o act_n of_o his_o sin_n but_o in_o case_n the_o people_n yield_v not_o their_o consent_n yet_o may_v they_o partake_v of_o the_o punishment_n by_o reason_n as_o i_o say_v of_o the_o connection_n that_o there_o be_v between_o they_o and_o their_o prince_n david_n number_v the_o people_n and_o his_o subject_n be_v consume_v by_o the_o pestilence_n david_n think_v this_o to_o be_v hard_a deal_n because_o he_o think_v the_o people_n innocent_a but_o god_n say_v the_o text_n be_v angry_a with_o the_o people_n and_o therefore_o move_v he_o against_o they_o to_o say_v go_v number_v the_o people_n 2_o sam._n 24.1_o and_o then_o take_v occasion_n by_o this_o sin_n of_o david_n to_o punish_v the_o sin_n
not_o into_o the_o world_n to_o invade_v another_o man_n glory_n but_o to_o communicate_v his_o own_o not_o to_o usurp_v a_o earthly_a kingdom_n but_o to_o confer_v a_o heavenly_a st_n paul_n tell_v timothy_n that_o a_o bishop_n shall_v be_v no_o striker_n 1_o tim._n 3.2_o nor_o rule_n by_o constraint_n or_o compulsion_n for_o to_o dâ—ive_v by_o force_n better_a become_v a_o king_n than_o a_o bishop_n prince_n may_v exercise_v their_o power_n in_o punish_v offender_n to_o deter_v they_o from_o do_v evil_a 2._o de_fw-fr sacerd._n l._n 2._o but_o what_o we_o do_v say_v chrysostome_n must_v be_v not_o by_o coercion_n but_o by_o persuasion_n whereunto_o he_o add_v this_o reason_n for_o god_n crown_v not_o our_o force_a but_o our_o voluntary_a or_o as_o st_n paul_n speak_v our_o reasonable_a service_n 1.4_o ad_fw-la eph._n 1.4_o so_o in_o another_o place_n it_o be_v our_o duty_n to_o instruct_v persuade_v exhort_v and_o reprove_v but_o not_o to_o command_v or_o to_o compel_v consiliariorum_fw-la locum_fw-la obtinemus_fw-la we_o serve_v as_o councillor_n to_o advice_n and_o to_o give_v our_o opinion_n but_o still_o we_o leave_v our_o auditor_n to_o their_o free_a choice_n whether_o they_o will_v act_v according_o or_o no_o we_o have_v no_o such_o power_n give_v we_o as_o to_o restrain_v man_n from_o sin_v by_o severe_a punishment_n whence_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o bishop_n as_o such_o have_v no_o right_n of_o domination_n over_o man_n nepotiani_n in_o epitaphio_fw-la nepotiani_n as_o king_n and_o prince_n have_v st_n hierome_n distinguish_v between_o a_o king_n and_o a_o bishop_n conclude_v that_o the_o power_n of_o a_o bishop_n be_v much_o inferior_a to_o that_o of_o a_o king_n for_o a_o king_n may_v enforce_v to_o a_o unwilling_a obedience_n but_o a_o bishop_n have_v no_o power_n but_o over_o such_o as_o be_v willing_a to_o obey_v he_o episcopus_fw-la docet_fw-la ne_fw-la judex_n inveniat_fw-la quod_fw-la puniat_fw-la the_o bishop_n instruct_v and_o admonish_v that_o the_o magistrate_n may_v find_v no_o cause_n to_o punish_v it_o be_v well_o say_v of_o frederick_n the_o emperor_n concern_v the_o pope_n ecclesiam_fw-la regat_fw-la ille_fw-la svam_fw-la divinaque_fw-la jura_fw-la temperet_fw-la imperium_fw-la nobis_fw-la fascesque_fw-la relinquat_fw-la let_v he_o his_o own_o church_n rule_v by_o law_n divine_a but_o let_v the_o sword_n and_o sceptre_n still_o be_v i_o and_o when_o suenno_n king_n of_o denmark_n stand_v excommunicate_a william_n bishop_n of_o rosâ—hil_n in_o oppose_v himself_o against_o he_o at_o his_o entrance_n into_o the_o church_n with_o his_o pastoral_a staff_n and_o expose_v his_o breast_n naked_a to_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o king_n who_o offer_v to_o draw_v upon_o he_o do_v therein_o perform_v the_o office_n of_o a_o good_a bishop_n the_o like_a do_v st_n ambrose_n to_o the_o emperor_n valentinus_n as_o we_o have_v declare_v above_o 5._o bo._n 1._o ch_n 4._o §._o 5._o but_o whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o king_n themselves_o to_o make_v war_n upon_o such_o as_o have_v reject_v christianity_n by_o way_n of_o punishment_n we_o have_v already_o elsewhere_o discourse_v in_o the_o chapter_n of_o punishment_n as_o far_o as_o suffice_v to_o our_o purpose_n xv._o the_o pretence_n of_o fulfil_n of_o prophecy_n no_o cause_n of_o war._n and_o hereof_o also_o i_o shall_v give_v my_o advice_n and_o that_o not_o in_o vain_a but_o because_o i_o foresee_v by_o compare_v these_o modern_a time_n with_o those_o long_o since_o past_a much_o mischief_n likely_a to_o ensue_v unless_o in_o time_n careful_o prevent_v that_o the_o hope_n we_o conceive_v that_o some_o thing_n be_v due_a unto_o we_o by_o our_o own_o interpretation_n of_o some_o divine_a prophecy_n can_v be_v no_o cause_n of_o a_o just_a war._n zozimus_n record_v it_o of_o nicomedes_n the_o son_n of_o prusias_n that_o mis-appling_a a_o prophecy_n of_o one_o of_o the_o sibyl_n by_o the_o persuasion_n of_o attalus_n make_v war_n against_o his_o own_o father_n the_o like_a he_o and_o ammianus_n relate_v of_o one_o theodorus_n so_o do_v procopius_n of_o john_n of_o cappadocia_n gratian._n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o emperor_n gratian._n for_o beside_o that_o those_o prophecy_n which_o be_v not_o fulfil_v can_v certain_o be_v understand_v without_o a_o prophetic_a spirit_n the_o very_a time_n of_o the_o accomplishment_n of_o such_o as_o be_v certain_a may_v be_v hide_v from_o we_o and_o last_o the_o bare_a prediction_n unless_o it_o be_v back_v with_o a_o express_a command_n from_o god_n give_v no_o right_a to_o any_o man_n sâ—eing_v that_o god_n permit_v such_o thing_n as_o he_o predict_v to_o be_v sometime_o bring_v to_o pass_v by_o wicked_a man_n and_o by_o wicked_a action_n for_o the_o book_n of_o the_o prophet_n be_v shut_v and_o seal_v up_o until_o a_o certain_a time_n so_o that_o they_o can_v be_v understand_v dan._n 12.4.8.9_o the_o vision_n that_o the_o prophet_n habbakkuk_n see_v concern_v the_o judgement_n to_o fall_v on_o the_o chaldaean_n be_v not_o immediate_o to_o be_v inflict_v on_o they_o but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v fulfil_v in_o its_o appoint_a time_n in_o the_o end_n whereof_o say_v that_o vision_n it_o shall_v speak_v and_o not_o lie_v though_o it_o do_v tarry_v yet_o be_v the_o prophet_n to_o wait_v for_o it_o for_o it_o shall_v sure_o come_v to_o pass_v and_o not_o stay_v hab._n 2.3_o time_n then_o be_v the_o best_a interpreter_n of_o prophecy_n st_n jerome_n upon_o that_o place_n of_o daniel_n before-recited_n write_v thus_o if_o the_o prophet_n do_v hear_v and_o not_o understand_v what_o will_v they_o do_v who_o presume_v on_o their_o own_o understanding_n have_v publish_v this_o book_n which_o be_v seal_v up_o and_o until_o the_o time_n come_v for_o its_o accomplishment_n so_o procopius_n concern_v the_o oracle_n of_o the_o sibyl_n which_o say_v he_o i_o believe_v be_v beyond_o all_o humane_a power_n to_o unfold_v until_o the_o time_n come_v when_o they_o shall_v be_v fulfil_v let_v divine_n therefore_o take_v heed_n how_o they_o undertake_v to_o unriddle_v prophecy_n and_o let_v politician_n beware_v how_o they_o give_v credit_n to_o over-arrogating_a divine_n though_o the_o thing_n predict_v be_v certain_o to_o come_v to_o pass_v yet_o be_v the_o time_n and_o mean_n when_o and_o whereby_o they_o be_v to_o be_v accomplish_v very_o uncertain_a and_o therefore_o it_o be_v no_o dishonour_n to_o profess_v our_o ignorance_n of_o they_o eorum_fw-la quae_fw-la scire_fw-la nec_fw-la datur_fw-la nec_fw-la fas_fw-la est_fw-la docta_fw-la est_fw-la ignorantia_fw-la scientiae_fw-la appetus_fw-la insaniae_fw-la species_n some_o kind_n of_o madness_n it_o be_v to_o desire_v to_o know_v those_o thing_n which_o be_v therefore_o screen_v from_o we_o that_o we_o shall_v not_o know_v they_o the_o secret_a thing_n belong_v unto_o god_n but_o the_o thing_n reveal_v unto_o we_o deut._n 29.29_o xvi_o nor_o a_o debt_n not_o strict_o due_a but_o some_o other_o way_n thus_o also_o be_v it_o to_o be_v observe_v that_o in_o case_n any_o thing_n be_v owe_v to_o a_o man_n not_o strict_o out_o of_o justice_n but_o arise_v from_o some_o other_o virtue_n as_o from_o liberality_n favour_n mercy_n love_n or_o the_o like_a as_o it_o can_v be_v recover_v by_o any_o course_n of_o law_n so_o neither_o can_v it_o be_v require_v by_o war._n for_o to_o either_o of_o these_o it_o suffice_v not_o that_o what_o be_v require_v be_v for_o some_o moral_a reason_n to_o be_v do_v but_o beside_o that_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o there_o shall_v be_v in_o we_o some_o kind_n of_o right_n unto_o that_o such_o a_o kind_n of_o right_a as_o the_o law_n both_o divine_a and_o humane_a do_v sometime_o give_v even_o unto_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v due_a by_o other_o virtue_n which_o when_o it_o happen_v than_o it_o become_v a_o debt_n after_o a_o new_a way_n which_o now_o appertain_v to_o justice_n but_o this_o be_v want_v the_o war_n that_o be_v make_v for_o this_o cause_n be_v unjust_a as_o be_v that_o war_n make_v by_o the_o roman_n against_o the_o king_n of_o cyprus_n or_o ingratitude_n for_o he_o that_o do_v a_o courtesy_n to_o another_o have_v no_o right_a to_o exact_v thanks_o otherwise_o it_o be_v not_o a_o courtesy_n but_o a_o contract_n or_o debt_n xvii_o though_o the_o war_n be_v just_a yet_o the_o manner_n of_o prosecute_a it_o may_v make_v it_o unjust_a it_o be_v also_o to_o be_v observe_v that_o though_o there_o be_v a_o just_a cause_n of_o war_n yet_o may_v this_o just_a cause_n be_v spoil_v by_o the_o access_n of_o some_o vice_n that_o cleave_v to_o the_o action_n from_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o agent_n either_o that_o something_o else_o not_o by_o itself_o unlawful_a do_v more_o efficacious_o move_v we_o to_o the_o war_n than_o the_o right_n itself_o as_o when_o we_o have_v a_o great_a prospect_n unto_o glory_n or_o when_o some_o kind_n of_o profit_n either_o public_a or_o
free_o remit_v where_o he_o have_v power_n to_o revenge_v nec_fw-la quicquam_fw-la gloriosius_fw-la principe_fw-la impune_fw-la laeso_fw-la neither_o be_v there_o any_o thing_n more_o glorious_a than_o a_o injure_a prince_n that_o disdain_v to_o revenge_v his_o own_o wrong_n and_o therefore_o king_n as_o quintilian_n advise_v shall_v be_v exhort_v to_o make_v themselves_o rather_o famous_a for_o their_o humanity_n and_o clemency_n than_o formidable_a for_o their_o severity_n among_o other_o the_o virtue_n that_o ennoble_v c._n caesar_n this_o be_v record_v by_o cicero_n as_o the_o chief_a that_o he_o never_o forget_v any_o thing_n but_o injury_n thus_o do_v livia_n plead_v with_o augustus_n as_o it_o be_v the_o duty_n of_o emperor_n severe_o to_o punish_v offender_n against_o the_o commonwealth_n so_o be_v it_o their_o honour_n to_o forgive_v their_o own_o personal_a injury_n dion_n dion_n it_o be_v very_o true_a what_o antoninus_n the_o philosopher_n tell_v the_o senate_n that_o there_o be_v nothing_o so_o unbecoming_a a_o prince_n as_o to_o avenge_v his_o own_o wrong_n for_o though_o the_o punishment_n be_v put_v just_a yet_o be_v judge_n in_o his_o own_o cause_n it_o will_v seem_v cruelty_n and_o what_o themistius_n say_v unto_o the_o senate_n in_o the_o praise_n of_o theodosius_n that_o a_o good_a prince_n shall_v excel_v those_o who_o have_v wrong_v he_o not_o in_o power_n to_o hurt_v they_o but_o in_o his_o readiness_n to_o do_v they_o good_a aristotle_n deny_v that_o prince_n to_o be_v magnanimous_a that_o be_v mindful_a of_o a_o injury_n which_o cicero_n explain_v thus_o for_o say_v he_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o become_v a_o noble_a person_n than_o gentleness_n and_o clemency_n when_o one_o tell_v antisthenes_n that_o plato_n speak_v ill_a of_o he_o he_o answer_v without_o passion_n regium_fw-la est_fw-la benefacere_fw-la &_o male_a audire_fw-la to_o do_v well_o and_o hear_v ill_a be_v common_o the_o fate_n of_o king_n the_o holy_a scripture_n do_v furnish_v we_o with_o many_o excellent_a example_n of_o clemency_n as_o in_o moses_n who_o when_o the_o people_n begin_v to_o mutiny_v against_o he_o for_o want_v of_o flesh_n instead_o of_o punish_v they_o pray_v for_o they_o numb_a 11.12_o and_o when_o god_n himself_o brand_v miriam_n with_o leprosy_n for_o her_o seditious_a murmur_a against_o he_o he_o instead_o of_o take_v revenge_n intercede_v for_o she_o heal_v her_o foul_a face_n with_o his_o devout_a tongue_n numb_a 12.13_o the_o like_a we_o find_v in_o david_n who_o be_v bitter_o revile_v by_o shimei_n cry_v out_o against_o he_o come_v up_o thou_o man_n of_o blood_n etc._n etc._n return_v not_o reproach_n for_o reproach_n but_o be_v urge_v by_o some_o to_o a_o revenge_n answer_v meek_o let_v he_o alone_o let_v he_o curse_v for_o haply_o god_n have_v bid_v he_o 2_o sam._n 16.7_o 10._o thus_o do_v st_n stephen_n intercede_v for_o his_o persecutor_n say_v lord_n lay_v not_o this_o sin_n to_o their_o charge_n act_v 7.60_o now_o this_o do_v in_o a_o more_o especial_a manner_n become_v those_o who_o be_v sovereign_a prince_n clem._n chrysost_n in_o laud_n clem._n unto_o who_o as_o all_o thing_n be_v permit_v so_o free_o to_o restrain_v themselves_o and_o to_o make_v the_o divine_a law_n their_o guide_n in_o all_o their_o action_n be_v the_o ready_a way_n to_o purchase_v glory_n and_o immortality_n the_o advice_n therefore_o of_o st_n augustine_n to_o count_n boniface_n be_v worthy_a to_o be_v by_o all_o king_n observe_v remember_v speedy_o to_o forgive_v he_o who_o have_v injure_v thou_o beg_v for_o pardon_n and_o these_o be_v the_o principal_a motive_n which_o shall_v dissuade_v we_o from_o enter_v into_o a_o bloody_a war_n though_o haply_o just_o provoke_v which_o be_v draw_v from_o that_o affection_n which_o as_o man_n we_o either_o owe_v or_o may_v right_o show_v even_o unto_o our_o enemy_n iu._n and_o that_o sometime_o for_o his_o own_o and_o his_o subject_n safety_n sometime_o it_o concern_v we_o to_o abstain_v from_o war_n for_o our_o own_o and_o their_o sake_n that_o be_v under_o we_o procopius_n 2._o procopius_n procop._n goth._n lib._n 2._o bring_v in_o the_o goth_n thus_o bespeak_v belisarius_n since_o these_o thing_n stand_v thus_o it_o be_v a_o duty_n incumbent_n upon_o the_o governor_n of_o either_o nation_n not_o to_o be_v too_o prodigal_a of_o the_o blood_n of_o their_o subject_n out_o of_o a_o ambitious_a desire_n of_o their_o own_o glory_n but_o to_o prefer_v those_o thing_n that_o be_v both_o just_a and_o profitable_a not_o for_o themselves_o only_o but_o for_o their_o enemy_n plutarch_n in_o the_o life_n of_o numa_n tell_v we_o that_o after_o the_o college_n of_o herald_n have_v judge_v that_o they_o may_v lawful_o make_v war_n the_o senate_n consult_v whether_o it_o be_v fit_a and_o expedient_a for_o they_o so_o to_o do_v in_o the_o parable_n of_o our_o saviour_n it_o be_v say_v that_o before_o any_o king_n enter_v into_o war_n he_o first_o sit_v down_o and_o consult_v about_o the_o charge_n and_o whether_o with_o ten_o thousand_o he_o be_v able_a to_o encounter_v he_o that_o come_v against_o he_o with_o twenty_o thousand_o and_o if_o not_o he_o instant_o send_v and_o make_v peace_n with_o he_o so_o diodorus_n in_o thucydides_n although_o i_o shall_v pronounce_v they_o guilty_a of_o great_a crime_n yet_o i_o shall_v not_o adjudge_v they_o to_o be_v slay_v unless_o i_o see_v it_o expedient_a so_o likewise_o livy_n record_v of_o the_o tusculan_n that_o by_o suffer_v all_o thing_n and_o deny_v nothing_o they_o purchase_v their_o peace_n with_o the_o roman_n camilli_n lib._n 6._o plut._n vit_fw-mi camilli_n the_o very_a same_o be_v do_v by_o the_o king_n of_o armenia_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o emperor_n severus_n as_o herodotus_n testify_v 3._o testify_v herod_n lib._n 3._o and_o tacitus_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o roman_n seek_v a_o occasion_n of_o war_n with_o the_o aeduan_o in_o vain_a for_o be_v command_v to_o send_v money_n and_o arm_n to_o their_o camp_n they_o send_v both_o and_o not_o only_o those_o but_o victual_n also_o and_o that_o frank_o so_o queen_n amalasuntha_n profess_v to_o the_o ambassador_n of_o the_o emperor_n justinian_n that_o she_o will_v not_o contend_v with_o he_o in_o arms._n sometime_o a_o enemy_n may_v be_v pacify_v in_o a_o moderate_a way_n 7._o lib._n 7._o as_o strabo_n inform_v we_o be_v do_v by_o syrmus_n king_n of_o the_o triballi_n who_o at_o once_o forbid_v alexander_n the_o macedonian_a entrance_n into_o the_o island_n peuce_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n honour_v he_o with_o many_o rich_a present_n thereby_o show_v that_o it_o be_v the_o fear_n of_o his_o power_n and_o not_o any_o hatred_n or_o contempt_n of_o his_o person_n that_o make_v he_o to_o do_v it_o and_o indeed_o what_o euripides_n sometime_o say_v of_o the_o city_n of_o greece_n may_v fit_o be_v apply_v to_o other_o state_n de_fw-fr marte_fw-la quoties_fw-la itur_fw-la in_o suffragia_fw-la nemo_fw-la imminere_fw-la cogitat_fw-la mortem_fw-la sibi_fw-la sed_fw-la cuique_fw-la cladem_fw-la destinamus_fw-la alteri_fw-la quod_fw-la si_fw-la in_o comitiis_fw-la funera_fw-la ante_fw-la oculos_fw-la forent_fw-la furiata_fw-la bello_fw-la non_fw-la perîsset_fw-la graecia_n when_o in_o full_a senate_n vote_n for_o war_n pass_v free_a no_o man_n his_o own_o destruction_n do_v foresee_v but_o all_o foretell_v the_o other_o destiny_n when_o if_o its_o own_o sad_a fate_n each_o have_v foresee_v greece_n thus_o by_o war_n consume_v have_v never_o be_v when_o we_o wax_v proud_a and_o confident_a in_o our_o own_o strength_n say_v livy_n let_v we_o then_o call_v to_o mind_v that_o great_a command_n that_o fortune_n have_v over_o all_o sublunary_a thing_n together_o with_o the_o sudden_a change_n and_o uncertain_a event_n of_o war._n and_o as_o thucydides_n advise_v before_o we_o engage_v ourselves_o too_o far_o let_v we_o consider_v how_o many_o sad_a mischance_n do_v usual_o happen_v in_o war_n which_o the_o most_o pierce_a eye_n of_o humane_a wisdom_n can_v foresee_v v._o prudent_a rule_n about_o our_o choice_n of_o good_n the_o thing_n that_o usual_o fall_v under_o consultation_n be_v either_o about_o the_o intermediate_v end_n which_o may_v probable_o conduce_v to_o the_o last_o end_n we_o full_o resolve_v on_o or_o about_o those_o mean_n whereby_o we_o may_v probable_o obtain_v those_o end_n the_o end_n we_o propose_v to_o ourselves_o be_v always_o either_o some_o good_a or_o doubtless_o the_o avoid_n of_o some_o evil_n which_o also_o fall_v under_o the_o notion_n of_o good_a but_o those_o thing_n that_o lead_v we_o hither_o or_o thither_o be_v not_o expetible_a for_o themselves_o but_o as_o they_o conduce_v to_o those_o end_n wherefore_o in_o all_o our_o consultation_n we_o be_v to_o compare_v both_o those_o end_n between_o themselves_o and_o the_o effective_a power_n or_o faculty_n of_o those_o thing_n which_o lead_v to_o the_o end_n to_o produce_v that_o end_n for_o
command_v may_v not_o lawful_o be_v do_v as_o if_o a_o father_n command_v his_o son_n to_o give_v his_o suffrage_n or_o to_o pass_v a_o sentence_n contrary_a to_o his_o own_o judgement_n or_o to_o bear_v witness_n to_o that_o whereof_o he_o be_v ignorant_a if_o my_o father_n command_v i_o to_o burn_v the_o capitol_n to_o possess_v myself_o of_o such_o a_o fort_n or_o castle_n i_o may_v lawful_o answer_v these_o thing_n i_o must_v not_o do_v so_o in_o another_o place_n we_o be_v not_o to_o execute_v all_o our_o parent_n command_n for_o otherwise_o nothing_o will_v be_v more_o destructive_a than_o benefit_n receive_v if_o they_o oblige_v we_o unto_o all_o manner_n of_o servitude_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n be_v that_o of_o seneca_n neither_o can_v we_o command_v all_o thing_n nor_o can_v our_o servant_n be_v compel_v to_o obey_v we_o in_o all_o our_o command_n contra_fw-la rempublicam_fw-la imperata_fw-la non_fw-la facient_fw-la they_o will_v not_o obey_v we_o if_o we_o command_v they_o any_o thing_n against_o the_o commonwealth_n they_o will_v not_o though_o command_v put_v their_o hand_n to_o any_o wickedness_n of_o the_o same_o opinion_n be_v sopater_n a_o father_n say_v he_o be_v indeed_o to_o be_v obey_v if_o his_o command_n be_v according_a to_o law_n it_o be_v true_a but_o if_o otherwise_o it_o be_v not_o convenient_a to_o justify_v subject_n for_o refuse_v to_o execute_v the_o wicked_a command_n of_o their_o prince_n we_o have_v divers_a example_n in_o the_o sacred_a story_n saul_n command_v his_o guard_n to_o fall_v upon_o the_o priest_n at_o nob_n but_o they_o will_v not_o put_v forth_o their_o hand_n to_o fall_v upon_o the_o priest_n of_o the_o lord_n 1_o sam._n 22.17_o ahab_n at_o the_o instigation_n of_o jezebel_n persecute_v the_o lord_n prophet_n to_o death_n but_o good_a obadiah_n preserve_v a_o hundred_o of_o they_o and_o feed_v they_o by_o fifty_o in_o a_o cave_n 1_o king_n 18.4_o ahaziah_n command_v a_o captain_n and_o his_o fifty_o to_o apprehend_v elijah_n only_o for_o pronounce_v that_o sentence_n which_o god_n pass_v against_o he_o elijah_n not_o only_o refuse_v to_o come_v down_o but_o to_o vindicate_v his_o commission_n command_v fire_n from_o heaven_n to_o consume_v the_o messenger_n 2_o king_n 1.10_o in_o our_o christian_a story_n we_o find_v manuel_n and_o georgius_n high_o commend_v for_o refuse_v to_o be_v instrumental_a in_o the_o murder_n of_o augusta_n and_o in_o profane_a we_o have_v likewise_o two_o notable_a example_n of_o such_o who_o have_v refuse_v to_o obey_v their_o prince_n in_o their_o unlawful_a command_n the_o one_o of_o papinianus_n that_o great_a lawyer_n who_o be_v command_v by_o caracalla_n to_o justify_v as_o well_o to_o the_o senate_n as_o the_o people_n the_o parricide_n he_o have_v commit_v upon_o his_o own_o brother_n geta_n 21._o spartianus_n lib._n 21._o ready_o answer_v that_o it_o be_v not_o so_o soon_o justify_v as_o do_v and_o for_o his_o refusal_n suffer_v death_n the_o other_o of_o helpodius_n both_o record_v by_o ammianus_n marcellinus_n whereunto_o we_o may_v add_v that_o of_o severus_n who_o will_v have_v no_o man_n exempt_v from_o punishment_n that_o shall_v dare_v to_o take_v away_o the_o life_n of_o a_o senator_n extrajudicial_o as_o i_o suppose_v though_o at_o the_o emperor_n command_n stratocles_n be_v worthy_o deride_v among_o the_o athenian_n for_o but_o offer_v at_o a_o law_n xiphilinum_n vid._n xiphilinum_n whereby_o whatsoever_o shall_v please_v king_n demetrius_n shall_v be_v repute_v as_o pious_a â—â—wards_n god_n and_o just_a among_o man_n pliny_n in_o his_o epistle_n to_o minutius_n labour_v to_o make_v it_o appear_v 3._o lib._n 3._o that_o the_o very_a ministry_n or_o execution_n of_o unlawful_a command_n be_v sinful_a for_o as_o tertullian_n speak_v plus_fw-fr caeditur_fw-la qui_fw-la jubet_fw-la quando_fw-la nec_fw-la obsequitur_fw-la qui_fw-la excusatur_fw-la surely_n he_o that_o command_v thing_n unjust_a be_v severe_o punishable_a when_o he_o that_o but_o execute_v they_o not_o be_v excuse_v those_o civil_a law_n which_o do_v easy_o pardon_v venial_a sin_n be_v also_o very_o favourable_a to_o those_o who_o be_v enforce_v either_o to_o sin_n or_o to_o disobey_v and_o yet_o they_o be_v not_o favourable_a to_o all_o alike_o for_o where_o the_o crime_n be_v foul_a and_o such_o as_o nature_n by_o a_o secret_a instinct_n seem_v to_o abhor_v they_o show_v no_o favour_n at_o all_o but_o where_o the_o offence_n appear_v not_o to_o be_v heinous_a by_o any_o natural_a interpretation_n but_o by_o logical_a inference_n may_v be_v prove_v to_o be_v so_o there_o they_o wise_o vouchsafe_v pardon_n josephus_n relate_v that_o the_o jew_n that_o serve_v under_o alexander_n the_o great_a can_v neither_o by_o stripe_n nor_o any_o reproachful_a word_n be_v enforce_v to_o carry_v earth_n or_o other_o material_n as_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o soldier_n do_v towards_o the_o repair_n of_o the_o temple_n of_o belus_n which_o be_v in_o babylon_n but_o example_n more_o pertinent_a to_o our_o purpose_n be_v the_o thebean_a legion_n whereof_o we_o have_v already_o speak_v and_o the_o soldier_n that_o serve_v under_o julian_n apostate_n christian_n soldier_n under_o julian_n the_o apostate_n whereof_o st_n ambrose_n speak_v thus_o though_o the_o emperor_n julian_n be_v a_o apostate_n yet_o have_v he_o many_o christian_n that_o serve_v under_o he_o to_o who_o if_o have_v say_v draw_v out_o for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n they_o will_v instant_o have_v obey_v but_o if_o he_o shall_v have_v say_v march_v out_o against_o the_o christian_n tunc_fw-la agnoscebant_fw-la imperatorem_fw-la coeli_fw-la than_o they_o will_v have_v acknowledge_v no_o king_n but_o the_o king_n of_o heaven_n the_o like_a we_o read_v of_o those_o executioner_n who_o be_v convert_v to_o christianity_n choose_v rather_o to_o die_v themselves_o than_o to_o execute_v the_o sentence_n of_o death_n pronounce_v against_o christian_n now_o the_o case_n be_v the_o very_a same_o whensoever_o any_o man_n be_v persuade_v that_o the_o thing_n command_v be_v unjust_a for_o to_o such_o a_o man_n it_o be_v so_o long_o unjust_a until_o he_o can_v be_v convince_v that_o it_o be_v otherwise_o iu._n but_o what_o if_o he_o doubt_v but_o what_o if_o he_o be_v in_o doubt_n whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a or_o not_o be_v he_o to_o suspend_v or_o to_o obey_v the_o most_o receive_a opinion_n be_v that_o he_o must_v obey_v neither_o shall_v he_o be_v startle_v at_o that_o notable_a say_v quoth_v dubitas_fw-la ne_fw-la feceris_fw-la forbear_v if_o thou_o doubte_v for_o he_o that_o contemplative_o doubt_v may_v as_o to_o his_o practical_a judgement_n not_o doubt_n at_o all_o because_o he_o may_v be_v confident_a that_o in_o doubtful_a case_n he_o be_v bind_v to_o obey_v his_o superior_n and_o indeed_o that_o this_o distinction_n of_o a_o twofold_a judgement_n be_v of_o necessary_a use_n in_o many_o action_n it_o can_v be_v deny_v the_o civil_a law_n not_o only_o of_o the_o roman_n but_o of_o other_o nation_n do_v not_o only_o indemnify_v obedience_n in_o such_o a_o case_n but_o will_v admit_v of_o no_o civil_a action_n against_o they_o that_o do_v it_o in_o obedience_n many_o magistrate_n say_v st._n chrysostome_n we_o have_v hear_v of_o who_o be_v accuse_v of_o unjust_a murder_n have_v be_v punish_v but_o no_o man_n ever_o question_v the_o executioner_n or_o make_v inquisition_n after_o he_o for_o the_o necessity_n of_o obey_v his_o superior_a make_v his_o fact_n excusable_a be_v damnum_fw-la that_fw-mi qui_fw-la jubet_fw-la dare_fw-mi he_o say_v the_o lawyer_n give_v the_o damage_n that_o command_v it_o and_o again_o ejus_fw-la vero_fw-la nulla_fw-la culpa_fw-la est_fw-la cvi_fw-la parere_fw-la necesse_fw-la est_fw-la neither_o can_v the_o fault_n be_v proper_o he_o who_o be_v command_v must_v obey_v and_o again_o necessitas_fw-la potestatis_fw-la excusat_fw-la that_o which_o be_v enforce_v on_o we_o by_o a_o power_n above_o we_o be_v pardonable_a aristotle_n himself_o injustè_fw-fr nicom_o 5._o injustum_fw-la facere_fw-la sed_fw-la non_fw-la injustè_fw-fr among_o those_o who_o do_v unjust_a thing_n but_o not_o unjust_o reckon_v the_o servant_n of_o a_o wicked_a master_n for_o he_o be_v say_v to_o do_v unjust_o from_o who_o the_o action_n do_v original_o proceed_v now_o because_o in_o a_o servant_n there_o be_v no_o full_a deliberative_a power_n therefore_o the_o servant_n though_o he_o do_v that_o which_o be_v unjust_a yet_o in_o do_v that_o only_a which_o he_o be_v command_v he_o do_v not_o unjust_o according_a to_o that_o proverbial_a say_v dimidia_fw-la virtute_fw-la caret_fw-la servire_fw-la coactus_fw-la he_o want_v one_o half_a of_o goodness_n that_o must_v serve_v and_o that_o also_o one_o half_a of_o humane_a reason_n god_n withdraw_v from_o those_o who_o live_v under_o another_o law_n and_o that_o which_o philo_n make_v use_v of_o if_o serve_v thou_o do_v what_o be_v reason_n unto_o thou_o ulpian_n out_o of_o celsus_n
say_v servum_fw-la nihil_fw-la deliquisse_fw-la qui_fw-la domino_fw-la jubenti_fw-la obtemperavit_fw-la the_o servant_n be_v not_o to_o blame_v whilst_o he_o do_v but_o what_o his_o lord_n command_v he_o so_o in_o another_o place_n velle_fw-la non_fw-la creditur_fw-la qui_fw-la obsequitur_fw-la imperio_fw-la patris_fw-la vel_fw-la domini_fw-la it_o be_v not_o believe_v to_o be_v his_o own_o act_n if_o he_o do_v it_o in_o obedience_n either_o to_o his_o father_n or_o master_n mithridates_n free_o dismiss_v the_o servant_n of_o attilius_n without_o any_o punishment_n at_o all_o though_o they_o be_v find_v guilty_a of_o the_o murder_n intend_v upon_o he_o neither_o will_v he_o punish_v the_o child_n of_o those_o that_o have_v rebel_v against_o he_o because_o they_o be_v compel_v to_o rebellion_n by_o the_o command_v of_o other_o themisthius_n in_o his_o nine_o oration_n observe_v and_o that_o true_o that_o prince_n have_v always_o the_o resemblance_n of_o reason_n as_o soldier_n the_o like_a of_o anger_n the_o like_a be_v observe_v by_o tacitus_n god_n have_v allot_v unto_o prince_n the_o faculty_n of_o judgement_n but_o unto_o subject_n he_o have_v leave_v only_o the_o glory_n of_o obedience_n and_o as_o the_o same_o tacitus_n relate_v 3._o annal._n l._n 3._o the_o son_n of_o piso_n be_v by_o tiberius_n acquit_v of_o the_o crime_n of_o sedition_n because_o what_o he_o do_v be_v by_o his_o father_n command_n who_o he_o dare_v not_o disobey_v servus_n herilis_fw-la imperii_fw-la non_fw-la censor_n est_fw-la sed_fw-la minister_n 74._o de_fw-fr controu._n l._n 3._o c._n 9_o cont._n faustum_n lib._n 22._o c._n 74._o the_o servant_n be_v not_o to_o sit_v as_o judge_n of_o his_o master_n command_n to_o dispute_v they_o but_o to_o obey_v they_o but_o in_o this_o case_n of_o war_n let_v we_o hear_v what_o st_n augustine_n say_v if_o a_o good_a man_n shall_v happen_v to_o war_n under_o a_o king_n though_o sacrilegious_a he_o may_v be_v command_v fight_v with_o a_o good_a conscience_n if_o observe_v the_o order_n of_o his_o country_n peace_n he_o be_v either_o assure_v that_o what_o he_o be_v command_v be_v not_o repugnant_a to_o the_o law_n of_o god_n or_o doubtful_a whether_o it_o be_v or_o not_o so_o that_o haply_o as_o the_o iniquity_n of_o the_o command_n may_v render_v the_o king_n guilty_a so_o the_o necessity_n of_o obey_v those_o command_n for_o order_n sake_n may_v likewise_o render_v the_o soldier_n innocent_a and_o again_o 26._o de_fw-fr civit._fw-la dei_fw-la lib._n 1._o c._n 26._o if_o a_o soldier_n under_o lawful_a command_n shall_v in_o obedience_n thereunto_o kill_v a_o man_n by_o the_o law_n of_o his_o city_n he_o be_v free_a from_o murder_n nay_o unless_o he_o do_v it_o he_o shall_v be_v hold_v as_o a_o traitor_n to_o his_o own_o country_n but_o if_o he_o shall_v do_v it_o of_o his_o own_o accord_n or_o without_o command_n he_o shall_v be_v guilty_a of_o murder_n that_o very_a law_n that_o will_v punish_v he_o if_o he_o do_v it_o without_o command_n will_v likewise_o punish_v he_o if_o he_o do_v it_o not_o be_v command_v and_o from_o hence_o arise_v that_o so_o general_o receive_v opinion_n i_o mean_v as_o to_o subject_n that_o a_o war_n may_v be_v just_a on_o both_o side_n that_o be_v in_o respect_n of_o they_o it_o may_v be_v on_o both_o side_n void_a of_o injustice_n whereunto_o the_o poet_n have_v respect_n when_o he_o say_v quis_fw-la justius_fw-la induat_fw-la arma_fw-la scire_fw-la nefas_fw-la who_o have_v the_o just_a cause_n it_o be_v hard_a to_o know_v yet_o be_v not_o this_o opinion_n so_o general_o receive_v but_o that_o it_o meet_v with_o some_o difficulty_n for_o pope_n adrian_n defend_v the_o contrary_a which_o may_v be_v confirm_v not_o by_o that_o argument_n precise_o which_o he_o urge_v but_o by_o this_o which_o seem_v to_o be_v more_o forcible_a namely_o that_o he_o that_o doubt_v contemplative_o ought_v in_o his_o active_a judgement_n to_o choose_v the_o safe_a part_n which_o be_v to_o abstain_v from_o war._n the_o esseni_n esseni_n the_o esseni_n be_v high_o commend_v for_o that_o among_o other_o thing_n they_o bind_v themselves_o by_o oath_n to_o hurt_v no_o man_n though_o they_o be_v command_v in_o imitation_n of_o who_o the_o pythagorean_n do_v whole_o abstain_v from_o war_n as_o be_v the_o ringleader_n to_o destruction_n command_v murder_n as_o by_o a_o law_n neither_o will_v it_o much_o avail_n to_o say_v for_o the_o other_o opinion_n that_o it_o be_v dangerous_a to_o disobey_v for_o whilst_o both_o be_v uncertain_a for_o if_o the_o war_n be_v unjust_a it_o be_v no_o act_n of_o disobedience_n to_o avoid_v it_o he_o be_v not_o to_o be_v blame_v that_o choose_v the_o safe_a but_o our_o disobedience_n in_o such_o thing_n have_v in_o its_o own_o nature_n less_o of_o evil_n than_o murder_n especial_o of_o so_o many_o innocent_n it_o be_v story_v by_o the_o ancient_n that_o when_o mercury_n be_v accuse_v for_o kill_v of_o argus_n excuse_v himself_o for_o that_o he_o do_v it_o at_o the_o command_n of_o jupiter_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o god_n notwithstanding_o dare_v not_o acquit_v he_o no_o more_o do_v martial_a pothinus_n a_o officer_n of_o mark_n antony_n when_o he_o say_v antoni_fw-la tamen_fw-la est_fw-la pejor_fw-la quam_fw-la causa_fw-la pothini_fw-la hic_fw-la facinus_fw-la domino_fw-la praestitit_fw-la ille_fw-la sibi_fw-la worse_o than_o pothinus_n be_v case_n be_v antony_n be_v this_o for_o himself_o that_o for_o his_o lord_n do_v die_v nor_o will_v that_o be_v of_o much_o great_a moment_n which_o some_o man_n urge_v to_o the_o contrary_a namely_o that_o in_o case_n we_o admit_v that_o every_o private_a person_n may_v have_v liberty_n to_o judge_v of_o the_o justness_n of_o the_o war_n and_o according_o either_o yield_a or_o deny_v their_o obedience_n the_o commonwealth_n will_v soon_o be_v destroy_v because_o for_o the_o most_o part_n it_o can_v be_v expedient_a for_o the_o state_n that_o the_o reason_n of_o their_o counsel_n shall_v be_v communicate_v to_o the_o vulgar_a for_o although_o this_o may_v be_v true_a where_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o war_n be_v suasory_n only_o yet_o not_o where_o the_o war_n be_v justifiable_a for_o there_o the_o cause_n thereof_o shall_v be_v publish_v unto_o all_o that_o every_o man_n may_v judge_v of_o they_o and_o be_v satisfy_v in_o they_o what_o tertullian_n sometime_o say_v perhaps_o too_o confuse_o ☞_o ☞_o of_o law_n in_o general_a may_v very_o apposite_o be_v say_v of_o these_o of_o war_n no_o subject_n so_o faithful_o observe_v a_o law_n as_o he_o that_o know_v the_o reason_n of_o that_o law_n for_o every_o law_n ought_v to_o give_v testimony_n of_o its_o own_o integrity_n to_o those_o from_o who_o it_o require_v obedience_n on_o the_o contrary_a suspecta_fw-la lex_fw-la est_fw-la quae_fw-la probari_fw-la se_fw-la non_fw-la vult_fw-la improba_fw-la si_fw-la non_fw-la probata_fw-la dominetur_fw-la that_o law_n that_o will_v not_o endure_v the_o trial_n be_v hold_v suspect_v as_o that_o which_o be_v disapprove_v yet_o exact_v obedience_n be_v hold_v as_o wicked_a thus_o when_o ulysses_n endeavour_v to_o persuade_v achilles_n to_o join_v with_o the_o grecian_a prince_n in_o a_o war_n against_o the_o trojan_n achilles_n urge_v they_o to_o declare_v the_o cause_n papin_n papin_n what_o cause_n greece_n have_v so_o great_a a_o war_n to_o wage_v declare_v whereby_o thou_o may_v increase_v our_o rage_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o theseus_n in_o the_o same_o poet_n thus_o encourage_v his_o soldier_n go_v and_o fight_v bold_o in_o a_o cause_n so_o just_a for_o as_o propertius_n well_o observe_v the_o justice_n of_o the_o cause_n can_v but_o heighten_v the_o spirit_n and_o inflame_v the_o indignation_n of_o a_o soldier_n who_o courage_n droop_v so_o that_o he_o grow_v ashamed_a of_o his_o arm_n when_o his_o cause_n be_v nought_o herod_n in_o his_o oration_n to_o the_o jew_n after_o the_o slaughter_n in_o arabia_n thus_o bespeak_v they_o josephus_n josephus_n i_o be_o willing_a to_o show_v you_o how_o just_o i_o have_v undertake_v this_o war_n be_v provoke_v thereunto_o by_o the_o reproach_n of_o our_o enemy_n which_o be_v know_v unto_o you_o must_v needs_o heighten_v your_o courage_n to_o a_o revenge_n it_o be_v very_o often_o verify_v what_o the_o panegyrist_n observe_v so_o prevalent_a even_o among_o army_n be_v a_o good_a conscience_n that_o the_o victory_n seem_v proper_o to_o belong_v not_o to_o the_o number_n or_o valour_n of_o the_o man_n but_o to_o the_o justness_n and_o equity_n of_o the_o cause_n and_o so_o some_o learned_a man_n have_v interpret_v that_o of_o gen._n 14.14_o as_o if_o abraham_n have_v before_o the_o fight_v instruct_v his_o servant_n full_o in_o the_o justice_n of_o his_o quarrel_n and_o certain_o the_o denunciation_n of_o war_n ought_v to_o be_v public_a and_o the_o cause_n express_v that_o the_o whole_a race_n of_o mankind_n may_v judge_v of_o the_o equity_n
of_o it_o prudence_n indeed_o as_o aristotle_n note_n be_v a_o virtue_n proper_a to_o prince_n but_o justice_n belong_v to_o man_n as_o they_o be_v man_n and_o therefore_o the_o reason_n of_o their_o counsel_n as_o prince_n be_v not_o to_o be_v communicate_v but_o the_o reason_n of_o their_o action_n as_o man_n may_v be_v proclaim_v these_o thing_n consider_v we_o conclude_v with_o pope_n adrian_n that_o where_o the_o subject_n do_v not_o only_o doubt_v the_o lawfulness_n of_o the_o war_n but_o by_o very_o probable_a argument_n be_v induce_v to_o believe_v that_o it_o be_v unjust_a especial_o if_o that_o war_n be_v offensive_a and_o not_o defensive_a he_o be_v bind_v to_o abstain_v nay_o very_o probable_a it_o be_v that_o the_o executioner_n who_o office_n it_o be_v to_o execute_v the_o penalty_n of_o the_o law_n upon_o a_o condemn_a malefactor_n shall_v be_v thorough_o inform_v in_o the_o merit_n of_o his_o cause_n either_o by_o be_v present_a at_o the_o whole_a trial_n or_o by_o hear_v the_o confession_n of_o the_o person_n condemn_v that_o so_o he_o may_v be_v convince_v that_o he_o who_o he_o put_v to_o death_n have_v by_o the_o law_n deserve_v it_o which_o in_o some_o place_n be_v observe_v neither_o can_v there_o any_o more_o probable_a reason_n be_v assign_v for_o that_o hebrew_n law_n whereby_o it_o be_v provide_v that_o when_o a_o malefactor_n be_v to_o be_v stone_v 22.17_o deut._n 17.7_o 1_o sam._n 22.17_o the_o witness_n shall_v go_v before_o the_o people_n and_o cast_v the_o first_o stone_n at_o he_o and_o for_o this_o cause_o it_o be_v that_o the_o king_n guard_n refuse_v to_o fall_v upon_o the_o priest_n of_o nob_n at_o saul_n command_n be_v thorough_o convince_v both_o of_o the_o sanctity_n of_o their_o order_n and_o of_o the_o equity_n of_o their_o cause_n and_o for_o this_o very_a reason_n it_o be_v that_o the_o three_o captain_n 1.17_o 2_o king_n 1.17_o be_v send_v by_o ahaziah_n unto_o elijah_n will_v not_o lay_v violent_a hand_n upon_o he_o and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n it_o be_v that_o many_o public_a executioner_n among_o the_o jew_n be_v convert_v to_o christianity_n renounce_v their_o office_n as_o be_v very_o dangerous_a if_o we_o may_v give_v credit_n to_o the_o martyrology_n 7._o lib._n 1._o c._n 7._o and_o to_o venerable_a bede_n v._o extraordinary_a tax_n to_o be_v exact_v instead_o of_o obedience_n in_o this_o case_n but_o in_o case_n the_o subject_n mind_n be_v not_o satisfy_v concern_v the_o equity_n of_o the_o cause_n by_o their_o prince_n declaration_n then_o it_o be_v the_o office_n of_o a_o good_a magistrate_n rather_o to_o impose_v some_o extraordinary_a tax_n upon_o they_o than_o to_o compel_v they_o to_o serve_v he_o in_o his_o war_n unsatisfied_a especial_o when_o he_o may_v be_v supply_v with_o man_n otherwise_o now_o whether_o these_o soldier_n do_v serve_v he_o with_o a_o good_a or_o evil_a intention_n be_v no_o matter_n for_o a_o good_a prince_n may_v make_v use_n of_o both_o as_o god_n himself_o do_v of_o satan_n and_o his_o disciple_n as_o instrument_n to_o bring_v about_o his_o own_o most_o sovereign_a purpose_n or_o as_o a_o poor_a man_n may_v and_o do_v make_v use_n of_o jew_n and_o extortioner_n to_o supply_v his_o present_a want_n and_o that_o without_o sin_n nay_o though_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n of_o the_o lawfulness_n of_o the_o war_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o fit_v that_o christian_n shall_v be_v compel_v to_o fight_v against_o their_o will_n see_v that_o to_o abstain_v from_o war_n even_o then_o when_o it_o be_v in_o itself_o lawful_a have_v always_o be_v require_v of_o churchman_n and_o penitential_o to_o preserve_v they_o in_o the_o great_a sanctity_n and_o be_v in_o all_o other_o many_o way_n commendable_a when_o celsus_n upbraid_v the_o christian_n for_o refuse_v to_o go_v to_o war_n origen_n apologize_v for_o they_o thus_o to_o those_o who_o be_v unbeliever_n will_v enforce_v we_o to_o fight_v for_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o to_o destroy_v man_n we_o shall_v give_v this_o answer_n that_o even_o their_o own_o idol-priest_n and_o those_o that_o attend_v upon_o the_o service_n of_o their_o repute_a god_n do_v keep_v themselves_o unstained_a with_o humane_a blood_n that_o so_o they_o may_v offer_v up_o their_o sacrifice_n for_o the_o whole_a nation_n with_o clean_a and_o unpolluted_a hand_n neither_o in_o case_n there_o shall_v arise_v a_o war_n be_v these_o man_n to_o be_v list_v in_o their_o army_n and_o if_o this_o be_v not_o do_v without_o reason_n how_o much_o more_o may_v they_o be_v say_v after_o their_o manner_n to_o fight_v who_o be_v priest_n to_o the_o most_o high_a god_n endeavour_v to_o preserve_v themselves_o free_a from_o blood_n and_o rapine_n that_o so_o whilst_o other_o be_v pollute_v with_o spoil_n and_o slaughter_n they_o may_v wrestle_v with_o god_n himself_o by_o constant_a and_o incessant_a prayer_n for_o the_o welfare_n of_o they_o that_o make_v war_n just_o and_o for_o the_o safety_n of_o they_o that_o govern_v righteous_o 1.6_o apoc._n 1.6_o wherefore_o origen_n call_v all_o christian_n priest_n by_o the_o example_n of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n 2.5_o 1_o pet._n 2.5_o vi_o when_o subject_n may_v just_o engage_v in_o a_o unjust_a war._n but_o yet_o i_o believe_v that_o a_o case_n may_v so_o fall_v out_o that_o in_o a_o war_n not_o only_o doubtful_a but_o manifest_o unjust_a it_o may_v be_v just_a for_o subject_n in_o some_o measure_n to_o defend_v themselves_o for_o see_v that_o no_o enemy_n though_o prosecute_a a_o just_a war_n can_v have_v any_o true_a and_o internal_a right_n to_o kill_v such_o subject_n as_o be_v innocent_a and_o no_o way_n accessary_a to_o the_o war_n unless_o it_o be_v either_o for_o necessary_a defence_n or_o by_o consequence_n and_o not_o intentional_o for_o such_o subject_n be_v not_o liable_a to_o punishment_n it_o follow_v that_o if_o it_o evident_o appear_v that_o the_o enemy_n come_v with_o a_o full_a purpose_n not_o to_o spare_v the_o life_n of_o such_o hostile_a subject_n when_o with_o safety_n to_o himself_o he_o may_v than_o those_o subject_n may_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n defend_v themselves_o which_o right_o neither_o do_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n take_v from_o they_o neither_o will_v we_o say_v that_o such_o a_o war_n be_v on_o both_o side_n lawful_a for_o we_o dispute_v not_o here_o concern_v the_o legality_n of_o the_o war_n but_o of_o a_o certain_a and_o determinate_a action_n in_o the_o war_n which_o action_n though_o it_o proceed_v from_o one_o that_o otherwise_o have_v a_o sufficient_a right_n to_o make_v war_n yet_o be_v unjust_a and_o may_v therefore_o be_v just_o repel_v the_o end_n of_o the_o second_o book_n hugo_n grotius_n of_o the_o right_n of_o war_n and_o peace_n book_n iii_o chap._n i._o of_o certain_a general_n rule_n show_v what_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n may_v be_v lawful_a in_o war_n wherein_o also_o he_o treat_v both_o of_o fraud_n and_o lie_n i._o the_o order_n and_o method_n of_o the_o book_n follow_v ii_o the_o first_o rule_n whatsoever_o be_v necessary_a to_o the_o end_n be_v lawful_a in_o war_n explain_v iii_o the_o second_o rule_n a_o right_n in_o war_n may_v arise_v as_o well_o from_o cause_n subsequent_a as_o from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o war._n iv_o the_o three_o rule_n that_o in_o war_n some_o thing_n may_v be_v do_v indirect_o without_o injury_n which_o if_o by_o themselves_o and_o intentional_o do_v be_v unlawful_a with_o a_o caution_n v._o what_o may_v lawful_o be_v do_v to_o such_o as_o supply_v the_o enemy_n with_o thing_n needful_a this_o explain_v vi_o whether_o in_o war_n fraud_n be_v lawful_a vii_o that_o fraud_n in_o its_o negative_a act_n be_v not_o of_o itself_o unlawful_a viii_o fraud_n in_o its_o positive_a act_n be_v either_o by_o such_o outward_a act_n as_o admit_v of_o several_a construction_n or_o by_o such_o as_o signify_v as_o it_o be_v by_o argument_n fraud_n in_o the_o former_a sense_n lawful_a ix_o of_o that_o in_o the_o latter_a sense_n the_o question_n be_v difficult_a x._o the_o use_n of_o word_n in_o another_o sense_n than_o that_o wherein_o we_o know_v they_o be_v understand_v not_o always_o unlawful_a xi_o the_o form_n of_o a_o lie_n as_o it_o be_v unlawful_a consist_v in_o the_o repugnancy_n it_o have_v with_o another_o right_n this_o explain_v xii_o that_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o speak_v that_o which_o be_v false_a to_o child_n and_o madman_n xiii_o so_o also_o when_o he_o be_v deceive_v to_o who_o our_o speech_n be_v not_o direct_v and_o who_o without_o speech_n we_o may_v lawful_o deceive_v fourteen_o and_o when_o we_o be_v assure_v that_o he_o to_o who_o we_o speak_v be_v willing_a to_o be_v so_o deceive_v xv._o and_o when_o he_o that_o speak_v exercise_v that_o supereminent_a power_n that_o he_o have_v over_o his_o own_o
of_o st_n ambrose_n history_n will_v inform_v we_o and_o although_o almighty_a god_n do_v so_o sometime_o yet_o ought_v that_o to_o be_v no_o example_n to_o we_o because_o of_o that_o full_a and_o absolute_a right_n of_o dominion_n that_o he_o have_v over_o we_o which_o he_o have_v not_o grant_v unto_o we_o to_o have_v one_o over_o another_o and_o yet_o even_o god_n himself_o who_o be_v lord_n paramount_n over_o all_o mankind_n do_v often_o spare_v a_o world_n of_o wicked_a and_o ungodly_a man_n for_o a_o very_a few_o that_o be_v good_a thereby_o manifest_v his_o equity_n as_o he_o be_v a_o judge_n as_o sufficient_o appear_v by_o that_o sweet_a colloquy_n between_o he_o and_o abraham_n concern_v sodom_n by_o which_o general_a rule_n it_o be_v easy_o collect_v etc._n gen._n 18.23_o etc._n etc._n how_o far_o our_o right_n extend_v in_o war_n against_o our_o enemy_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n v._o what_o we_o may_v do_v against_o they_o that_o supply_v our_o enemy_n with_o what_o 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be_v but_o the_o fuel_n of_o his_o lust_n can_v hurt_v no_o man_n but_o himself_o soldier_n and_o arm_n will_v i_o not_o furnish_v but_o if_o he_o will_v accept_v of_o the_o best_a artist_n i_o have_v to_o make_v scene_n for_o mask_n and_o play_n i_o shall_v willing_o part_v with_o they_o thus_o do_v hyram_n glad_o furnish_v king_n solomon_n with_o timber_n and_o all_o kind_n of_o curious_a artificer_n that_o may_v increase_v the_o delight_n he_o take_v in_o sumptuous_a building_n thereby_o to_o divert_v he_o from_o pursue_v with_o his_o vast_a riches_n his_o father_n conquest_n in_o syria_n so_o also_o st._n ambrose_n 30._o de_fw-fr off._n lib._n 1._o c._n 30._o to_o contribute_v to_o he_o that_o conspire_v against_o his_o own_o country_n be_v no_o commendable_a liberality_n as_o to_o the_o three_o sort_n of_o thing_n which_o be_v of_o doubtful_a use_n we_o must_v distinguish_v of_o the_o present_a state_n of_o the_o war._n for_o if_o i_o can_v defend_v myself_o unless_o i_o do_v 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to_o that_o loss_n i_o sustain_v i_o may_v seize_v his_o good_n and_o posess_v they_o as_o my_o own_o till_o i_o be_o satisfy_v and_o if_o the_o damage_n be_v not_o already_o give_v but_o intend_v only_o then_o have_v i_o a_o right_n by_o the_o detention_n of_o those_o supply_n to_o compel_v he_o that_o send_v they_o to_o give_v security_n either_o by_o pledge_n hostage_n or_o the_o like_a that_o he_o will_v not_o for_o the_o future_a send_v any_o more_o supply_n to_o the_o besiege_a but_o in_o case_n the_o wrong_n do_v i_o by_o my_o enemy_n be_v manifest_o unjust_a and_o that_o he_o by_o those_o supply_n do_v abet_v and_o encourage_v he_o in_o his_o unjust_a war_n then_o he_o shall_v not_o only_o be_v bind_v to_o repair_v my_o loss_n civil_o but_o also_o criminal_o as_o he_o that_o rescue_v a_o notorious_a malefactor_n in_o the_o very_a presence_n of_o a_o judge_n and_o for_o this_o cause_n it_o be_v lawful_a for_o i_o to_o do_v unto_o he_o agreeable_a to_o his_o offence_n according_a to_o those_o rule_n which_o we_o have_v already_o set_v down_o for_o punishment_n and_o so_o long_o as_o we_o contain_v our_o sâ—lves_n within_o these_o bound_n we_o may_v make_v war_n upon_o he_o and_o for_o this_o cause_n do_v they_o that_o make_v war_n usual_o send_v out_o declaration_n and_o remonstrance_n to_o other_o nation_n as_o well_o to_o insinuate_v unto_o they_o the_o equity_n of_o their_o cause_n as_o also_o what_o probable_a hope_n they_o have_v to_o recover_v their_o right_n now_o the_o reason_n why_o we_o refer_v this_o matter_n to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v because_o we_o find_v nothing_o certain_o determine_v in_o history_n by_o the_o voluntary_a law_n of_o nation_n as_o to_o it_o there_o be_v a_o book_n write_v in_o italian_a entitle_v libre_fw-la consulatus_fw-la maris_fw-la concern_v the_o government_n of_o the_o sea_n wherein_o be_v recite_v the_o constitution_n of_o the_o emperor_n of_o greece_n and_o germany_n the_o king_n of_o france_n spain_n syria_n cyprus_n the_o baleares_n venetian_n and_o genoese_a wherein_o be_v handle_v two_o hundred_o seventy_o four_o question_n upon_o this_o subject_a where_o we_o shall_v find_v it_o adjudge_v that_o if_o the_o ship_n with_o its_o freight_n be_v both_o the_o enemy_n than_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o both_o be_v lawful_a prize_n if_o the_o ship_n belong_v to_o such_o as_o be_v at_o peace_n with_o we_o and_o the_o good_n to_o our_o enemy_n we_o may_v enforce_v they_o to_o put_v into_o any_o of_o our_o ally_n or_o our_o port_n there_o to_o unlade_v the_o good_n yet_o so_o that_o we_o pay_v the_o master_n of_o the_o ship_n for_o the_o freight_n of_o they_o but_o in_o case_n the_o good_n belong_v to_o our_o friend_n and_o the_o ship_n to_o our_o enemy_n then_o be_v the_o ship_n lawful_a prize_n and_o to_o be_v agree_v for_o which_o if_o refuse_v they_o may_v be_v compel_v into_o any_o harbour_n of_o our_o friend_n and_o withal_o to_o pay_v we_o for_o the_o freight_n of_o those_o good_n in_o the_o year_n 1438._o there_o be_v war_n between_o the_o hollander_n and_o the_o city_n of_o lubeck_n with_o other_o city_n confederate_a situate_a upon_o the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o the_o river_n albis_n it_o be_v in_o holland_n adjudge_v in_o full_a senate_n that_o the_o good_n find_v in_o a_o enemy_n ship_n if_o it_o do_v appear_v that_o they_o belong_v to_o other_o be_v no_o lawful_a prize_n and_o this_o be_v there_o from_o thence_o establish_v for_o a_o law_n and_o so_o plead_v by_o the_o danish_a king_n in_o the_o year_n 1597._o who_o thereupon_o send_v his_o ambassador_n into_o holland_n to_o assert_v his_o freedom_n to_o transport_v his_o good_n into_o spain_n notwithstanding_o the_o bloody_a war_n which_o the_o
a_o city_n 1._o lib._n 10._o ep._n 1._o so_o likewise_o cicero_n in_o another_o place_n there_o be_v neither_o law_n nor_o judgement_n nor_o any_o sign_n to_o show_v that_o there_o be_v a_o commonwealth_n aristides_n in_o his_o persuasive_a oration_n to_o the_o rhodian_o for_o peace_n prove_v that_o many_o good_a law_n may_v very_o well_o consist_v even_o with_o tyranny_n and_o aristotle_n inform_v we_o rep_n lib._n 5._o the_o rep_n that_o he_o that_o strain_v the_o power_n either_o of_o the_o noble_n or_o of_o the_o people_n to_o too_o high_a a_o key_n mar_v the_o harmony_n of_o good_a government_n and_o first_o corrupt_v the_o commonwealth_n and_o then_o destroy_v it_o let_v we_o illustrate_v this_o by_o example_n that_o they_o who_o be_v take_v by_o robber_n be_v not_o make_v slave_n be_v as_o we_o have_v say_v the_o opinion_n of_o ulpian_n but_o if_o a_o roman_a citizen_n be_v take_v by_o the_o german_n or_o parthian_n he_o lose_v his_o freedom_n and_o yet_o among_o the_o german_n 6._o lib._n 6._o the_o robery_n that_o be_v do_v without_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o city_n be_v blameless_a which_o be_v caesar_n own_o word_n tacitus_n record_v it_o of_o the_o garamantes_n that_o they_o be_v gens_n latrociniis_fw-la foecunda_fw-la sed_fw-la gens_n tamen_fw-la a_o nation_n whole_o addict_v to_o robery_n but_o yet_o a_o nation_n though_o the_o illirian_o spoil_v all_o they_o meet_v at_o sea_n without_o regard_n but_o yet_o to_o he_o that_o subdue_v they_o be_v a_o triumph_n grant_v which_o be_v deny_v to_o pompey_n who_o have_v purge_v the_o sea_n of_o pirate_n so_o great_a be_v the_o difference_n between_o a_o nation_n though_o corrupt_v and_o a_o company_n of_o man_n combine_v only_o to_o do_v mischief_n iii_o yet_o there_o often_o happen_v a_o change_n yet_o a_o change_n do_v sometime_o happen_v not_o in_o particular_a person_n only_o as_o in_o jephtha_n arsaces_n variatus_fw-la who_o of_o captain_n over_o thief_n and_o robber_n become_v lawful_a commander_n but_o in_o society_n also_o as_o when_o a_o company_n of_o robber_n or_o pirate_n shall_v forsake_v that_o wicked_a kind_n of_o life_n and_o unanimous_o betake_v themselves_o to_o a_o civil_a government_n a_o example_n whereof_o we_o have_v in_o the_o mamertine_n st._n augustine_n concern_v robbery_n speak_v thus_o when_o this_o mischief_n by_o the_o concourse_n of_o man_n of_o desperate_a fortune_n grow_v so_o great_a that_o they_o betake_v themselves_o to_o some_o certain_a place_n to_o inhabit_v and_o there_o build_v city_n raise_v fort_n and_o thereby_o be_v able_a to_o subdue_v nation_n than_o it_o assume_v the_o title_n of_o a_o kingdom_n or_o free_a state_n not_o as_o st._n augustine_n go_v on_o 4._o de_fw-fr civit._fw-la dei_fw-la l._n 4._o c._n 4._o that_o they_o cease_v to_o be_v what_o before_o they_o be_v but_o because_o what_o they_o former_o do_v through_o fear_n and_o therefore_o secret_o they_o now_o do_v with_o boldness_n and_o confidence_n it_o be_v a_o bold_a answer_n that_z diomedes_z the_o pirate_n make_v to_o alexander_n the_o great_a when_o he_o demand_v of_o he_o the_o reason_n why_o he_o so_o trouble_v the_o sea_n for_o the_o same_o say_v he_o that_o thou_o do_v the_o world_n but_o because_o i_o rob_v with_o one_o single_a ship_n i_o be_o call_v a_o pirate_n whereas_o thou_o because_o with_o a_o great_a fleet_n be_v therefore_o style_v a_o emperor_n but_o that_o which_o make_v this_o change_n according_a to_o what_o be_v here_o intend_a be_v not_o so_o much_o their_o impunity_n as_o their_o repentance_n for_o this_o st._n augustine_n require_v that_o desert_v their_o wicked_a course_n they_o live_v together_o under_o some_o wholesome_a law_n according_a unto_o which_o justice_n may_v be_v administer_v as_o well_o to_o stranger_n as_o native_n iv_o a_o solemn_a war_n ought_v to_o be_v between_o such_o as_o have_v sovereign_a power_n who_o they_o be_v that_o have_v sovereign_a power_n we_o have_v already_o show_v from_o whence_o we_o may_v also_o collect_v that_o he_o that_o have_v that_o power_n but_o for_o a_o part_n may_v for_o that_o part_n make_v a_o just_a war_n much_o more_o they_o who_o be_v not_o subject_n but_o confederate_n though_o on_o article_n very_o unequal_a thus_o be_v all_o the_o war_n between_o the_o roman_n and_o their_o confederate_n the_o volscian_n latin_n spaniard_n and_o carthaginian_n just_a though_o their_o confederacy_n be_v make_v on_o very_o unequal_a term_n as_o we_o may_v collect_v out_o of_o history_n v._o a_o solemn_a war_n must_v be_v denounce_v neither_o be_v it_o sufficient_a to_o denominate_v a_o war_n in_o this_o sense_n just_a that_o it_o be_v make_v between_o such_o as_o have_v sovereign_a power_n but_o as_o we_o have_v hear_v before_o it_o must_v be_v public_o declare_v yea_o so_o public_o that_o both_o party_n may_v have_v equal_a knowledge_n thereof_o which_o ennius_n call_v the_o proclaim_n of_o war_n bellum_n infer_v non_fw-la ante_fw-la denuntiatum_fw-la injustum_fw-la est_fw-la to_o make_v war_n before_o it_o be_v denounce_v be_v unjust_a 15._o jos_n ant._n l._n 15._o to_o exercise_v hostility_n without_o denounce_v war_n or_o require_v satisfaction_n be_v not_o do_v like_o a_o christian_a nor_o allowable_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n as_o the_o english_a ambassador_n tell_v the_o emperor_n of_o russia_n and_o therefore_o as_o cicero_n well_o observe_v to_o determine_v of_o the_o equity_n of_o a_o war_n 1582._o camd._n eliz._n a_o 1582._o be_v a_o right_a proper_a to_o the_o college_n of_o herald_n which_o be_v among_o the_o roman_n hold_v very_o sacred_a thereby_o give_v we_o to_o understand_v that_o no_o war_n can_v be_v just_a but_o that_o which_o be_v make_v either_o for_o the_o recovery_n of_o thing_n unjust_o take_v away_o or_o public_o decree_v and_o solemn_o proclaim_v not_o so_o clear_a be_v that_o of_o a_o ancient_a writer_n quote_v by_o isidore_n that_o war_n be_v just_a which_o be_v make_v by_o public_a edict_n either_o for_o the_o recovery_n of_o our_o own_o or_o for_o repel_v a_o invade_a enemy_n livy_n describe_v a_o just_a war_n thus_o that_o war_n which_o be_v open_o decree_v by_o public_a edict_n and_o solemn_o denounce_v be_v just_a that_o be_v if_o it_o be_v so_o do_v by_o such_o person_n as_o have_v the_o supreme_a authority_n and_o the_o same_o author_n have_v first_o declare_v that_o the_o epirot_n have_v waste_v the_o territory_n of_o athens_n say_v that_o the_o athenian_n be_v first_o high_o incense_v against_o the_o epirot_n and_o afterward_o by_o the_o decree_n of_o their_o city_n first_o voluntary_o denounce_v and_o then_o wage_v against_o they_o a_o just_a war._n vi_o wherein_o what_o be_v require_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o what_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n for_o the_o clear_a understanding_n of_o this_o and_o the_o like_a place_n which_o concern_v the_o denunciation_n of_o war_n we_o must_v accurate_o distinguish_v what_o thing_n be_v due_a by_o the_o strict_a law_n of_o nature_n and_o what_o thing_n be_v honest_a and_o commendable_a though_o not_o by_o nature_n due_a three_o what_o thing_n be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n require_v to_o the_o obtain_n of_o the_o proper_a effect_n of_o the_o right_n of_o nation_n and_o last_o what_o thing_n do_v arise_v from_o the_o peculiar_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o some_o people_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n where_o force_n can_v be_v repel_v but_o by_o force_n and_o where_o punishment_n can_v be_v demand_v but_o of_o he_o who_o be_v the_o offender_n there_o the_o denounce_v of_o war_n be_v needless_a war._n 1._o the_o invader_n may_v be_v repel_v without_o the_o denounce_v of_o war._n sthenelaidas_n in_o thucydides_n plead_v thus_o 1._o thus_o lib._n 1._o non_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la verbis_fw-la &_o judciis_fw-la disceptemus_fw-la ultra_fw-la verba_fw-la laesi_fw-la it_o be_v vain_a to_o contest_v with_o word_n and_o argument_n when_o the_o wrong_n which_o we_o manifest_o sustain_v be_v more_o than_o verbal_a thus_o likewise_o do_v the_o platean_n in_o the_o same_o author_n plead_v 3._o plead_v lib._n 3._o by_o that_o law_n that_o be_v receive_v by_o all_o nation_n it_o be_v lawful_a to_o repel_v he_o by_o force_n that_o shall_v invade_v we_o like_o a_o enemy_n so_o flaminius_n in_o diodorus_n peiresianis_fw-la diodorus_n excerp_n peiresianis_fw-la call_v all_o both_o god_n and_o man_n to_o witness_v that_o according_a to_o this_o law_n the_o king_n and_o not_o himself_o be_v the_o aggressor_n and_o if_o so_o then_o as_o latinus_n in_o halicarnassensis_n note_n every_o man_n that_o be_v by_o a_o war_n damnify_v may_v right_v himself_o upon_o he_o that_o begin_v it_o and_o as_o aelian_a out_o of_o plato_n quod_fw-la ad_fw-la propulsandam_fw-la vim_o suscipitur_fw-la bellum_fw-la 1._o lib._n 1._o non_fw-la à _fw-la caduceatore_fw-la sed_fw-la à _fw-la natura_fw-la indicitur_fw-la that_o war_n that_o be_v make_v against_o a_o invader_n need_v
right_a and_o this_o other_o form_n concern_v which_o matter_n difference_n and_o cause_n remonstrance_n have_v be_v give_v by_o the_o chief_a herald_n at_o arm_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n to_o the_o chief_a herald_n at_o arm_n of_o the_o ancient_a latin_n and_o of_o the_o people_n of_o the_o ancient_a latin_n but_o yet_o neither_o have_v they_o pay_v give_v or_o do_v any_o of_o those_o thing_n which_o they_o shall_v have_v pay_v give_v or_o do_v wherefore_o i_o do_v judge_n agree_v and_o ordain_v that_o satisfaction_n be_v seek_v by_o a_o open_a and_o a_o just_a war._n whereunto_o we_o may_v add_v a_o three_o form_n which_o follow_v because_o the_o people_n of_o the_o ancient_a latin_n have_v injure_v the_o people_n of_o rome_n and_o fail_v in_o what_o they_o ought_v to_o have_v do_v and_o because_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n have_v decree_v to_o make_v war_n against_o the_o ancient_a latin_n therefore_o i_o and_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n do_v denounce_v and_o make_v war_n against_o the_o ancient_a latin_n 31.36_o livy_n lib._n 31.36_o but_o yet_o that_o the_o denounce_v of_o war_n be_v not_o in_o this_o case_n as_o i_o have_v say_v precise_o necessary_a be_v plain_a by_o this_o that_o it_o be_v sufficient_a if_o it_o be_v proclaim_v but_o at_o the_o next_o garrison_n for_o thus_o it_o be_v adjudge_v by_o the_o herald_n as_o well_o in_o the_o case_n of_o philip_n of_o macedon_n as_o afterward_o in_o the_o case_n of_o antiochus_n since_o he_o be_v first_o to_o denounce_v the_o war_n that_o seek_v satisfaction_n by_o the_o war._n nay_o the_o war_n that_o the_o roman_n make_v against_o pyrrhus_n be_v denounce_v but_o to_o one_o of_o his_o soldier_n and_o that_o in_o the_o flaminian_a cirque_fw-la only_o beside_o this_o also_o give_v a_o occasion_n to_o another_o needless_a observation_n that_o war_n be_v sometime_o solemn_o denounce_v on_o both_o side_n as_o that_o peloponesian_a war_n which_o be_v make_v between_o the_o corcyrian_o and_o the_o corinthian_n whereas_o have_v it_o be_v proclaim_v but_o on_o one_o side_n only_o it_o have_v be_v sufficient_a viii_o 3._o in_o denounce_v war_n what_o be_v require_v by_o the_o civil_a and_o what_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n that_o herald_n be_v usual_o send_v to_o denounce_v war_n among_o the_o grecian_n clad_v with_o particoloured_a coat_n and_o arm_v with_o a_o bloody_a javelin_n by_o the_o aequicoli_n first_o and_o afterward_o in_o imitation_n of_o they_o by_o the_o roman_n that_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o solemn_a renunciation_n of_o all_o former_a friendship_n and_o alliance_n if_o any_o such_o there_o be_v after_o thirty_o day_n demand_n of_o reparation_n for_o damage_n receive_v and_o that_o the_o king_n of_o the_o herald_n shall_v again_o thrust_v his_o spear_n into_o the_o enemy_n ground_n as_o servius_n upon_o the_o nine_o of_o virgil_n aenead_n record_n and_o the_o like_a aenead_v caducaeus_n whence_o derive_v see_v plinys_n nat._n hist_o l._n 29._o c._n 3._o and_o servius_n upon_o the_o 4_o and_o 8_o of_o virg._n aenead_v be_v not_o dictate_v of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n but_o be_v ceremony_n arise_v from_o the_o custom_n and_o institutes_n of_o some_o particular_a nation_n many_o of_o which_o arnobius_n confess_v be_v antiquate_v in_o his_o time_n and_o some_o of_o they_o grow_v out_o of_o use_n even_o in_o varro_n the_o three_o punic_a war_n be_v as_o soon_o make_v as_o denounce_v and_o it_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o maecenas_n in_o dion_n that_o some_o of_o those_o ceremony_n be_v peculiar_a to_o popular_a state_n only_o ix_o war_n denounce_v against_o a_o prince_n be_v denounce_v against_o all_o that_o adhere_v unto_o he_o war_n be_v denounce_v against_o he_o that_o have_v the_o supreme_a power_n in_o any_o nation_n be_v presume_v to_o be_v denounce_v also_o against_o not_o only_o all_o his_o subject_n and_o against_o all_o that_o shall_v afterward_o adhere_v unto_o he_o as_o be_v his_o associate_n and_o this_o be_v the_o meaning_n of_o our_o modern_a lawyer_n when_o they_o say_v diffidato_n principe_n diffidati_fw-la sunt_fw-la omnes_fw-la adhaerentes_fw-la war_n proclaim_v against_o a_o prince_n be_v proclaim_v also_o against_o all_o that_o shall_v side_n with_o he_o for_o diffidare_fw-la with_o they_o be_v to_o proclaim_v war_n which_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o that_o very_a war_n which_o be_v make_v upon_o he_o against_o who_o it_o be_v denounce_v as_o when_o the_o roman_n denounce_v war_n against_o antiochus_n they_o think_v it_o needless_a to_o denounce_v it_o against_o the_o aetolian_n also_o separate_o 36._o livy_n lib._n 36._o who_o have_v public_o espouse_v antiochus_n his_o quarrel_n for_o say_v the_o herald_n the_o aetolian_n have_v spare_v we_o that_o labour_n by_o denounce_v war_n against_o themselves_o x._o but_o not_o by_o themselves_o consider_v but_o that_o war_n be_v end_v if_o any_o other_o either_o prince_n or_o people_n be_v to_o be_v invade_v for_o succour_n send_v unto_o our_o enemy_n during_o that_o war_n we_o ought_v to_o denounce_v that_o war_n anew_o if_o we_o expect_v the_o effect_n proper_a unto_o a_o just_a war_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n for_o such_o a_o prince_n or_o state_n be_v not_o then_o to_o be_v look_v at_o as_o accessary_n but_o as_o principal_n neither_o be_v it_o the_o prosecution_n of_o the_o old_a war_n but_o the_o begin_n of_o a_o new_a whereunto_o as_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n require_v a_o solemn_a indiction_n so_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n of_o the_o roman_n be_v it_o not_o to_o be_v undertake_v until_o it_o have_v the_o warrant_n of_o a_o new_a decree_n from_o the_o people_n wherefore_o the_o war_n that_o manlitis_n make_v against_o the_o gallo_n grecian_n and_o that_o which_o caesar_n make_v against_o ariovistus_n be_v not_o justifiable_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o whereas_o when_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n be_v ask_v to_o make_v war_n against_o king_n antiochus_n the_o question_n be_v put_v in_o this_o form_n 42._o livy_n lib._n 36._o cap._n 42._o be_v it_o your_o will_n and_o pleasure_n that_o war_n be_v make_v against_o king_n antiochus_n and_o against_o all_o that_o shall_v side_n with_o he_o which_o be_v also_o the_o form_n use_v in_o the_o decree_n against_o king_n perseus_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v understand_v with_o this_o limitation_n namely_o so_o long_o as_o that_o war_n shall_v continue_v with_o those_o two_o king_n and_o with_o those_o who_o be_v true_o and_o real_o engage_v in_o it_o with_o they_o xi_o 4._o why_o denunciation_n be_v necessary_a to_o some_o effect_n of_o war_n in_o a_o solemn_a war._n now_o the_o reason_n why_o a_o solemn_a denunciation_n be_v so_o necessary_o require_v unto_o such_o a_o war_n as_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n be_v just_o be_v not_o as_o some_o think_v to_o prevent_v deceit_n and_o treachery_n for_o this_o be_v better_a refer_v to_o magnanimity_n than_o to_o justice_n thus_o have_v we_o read_v of_o some_o nation_n so_o confident_a of_o their_o own_o strength_n that_o they_o have_v appoint_v the_o time_n and_o place_n long_o before_o when_o and_o where_o they_o will_v give_v their_o enemy_n battle_n as_o plutarch_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o roman_n do_v to_o king_n porsenna_n 2._o porsenna_n alb._n gent._n lib._n 1._o cap._n 2._o thus_o thomas_n earl_n of_o surrey_n send_v a_o herald_n to_o james_n the_o four_o king_n of_o scotland_n to_o let_v he_o know_v that_o on_o the_o friday_n follow_v he_o will_v give_v he_o battle_n if_o he_o will_v stay_v so_o long_o in_o england_n and_o thomas_n his_o son_n than_o lord_n admiral_n send_v the_o king_n word_n that_o he_o may_v find_v he_o in_o the_o van_n of_o his_o army_n as_o herbert_n record_v it_o in_o his_o history_n of_o henry_n the_o eight_o 2._o the_o turk_n two_o day_n before_o battle_n make_v many_o great_a fire_n chalcoc_fw-la lib._n 7._o lib._n 3._o de_fw-fr ira._n cap._n 2._o pag._n 43._o but_o the_o true_a reason_n be_v to_o remonstrate_v unto_o all_o nation_n that_o the_o war_n be_v make_v not_o rash_o or_o upon_o any_o private_a end_n but_o with_o the_o consent_n and_o approbation_n of_o both_o nation_n or_o at_o least_o of_o those_o who_o have_v the_o supreme_a power_n on_o both_o side_n for_o from_o hence_o arise_v those_o effect_n proper_a to_o a_o just_a war_n which_o in_o a_o war_n make_v with_o pirate_n and_o robber_n or_o in_o a_o war_n make_v by_o a_o prince_n against_o his_o own_o subject_n will_v not_o be_v allow_v and_o therefore_o seneca_n do_v well_o distinguish_v between_o a_o war_n denounce_v against_o foreigner_n and_o that_o make_v against_o subject_n or_o citizen_n xii_o which_o be_v not_o in_o other_o war_n now_o where_o some_o note_n and_o by_o example_n teach_v that_o even_o in_o such_o war_n as_o these_o whatsoever_o be_v take_v away_o immediate_o become_v his_o that_o
that_o forbid_v it_o yet_o can_v he_o never_o attain_v unto_o that_o perfection_n of_o holiness_n that_o the_o gospel_n seem_v to_o commend_v unto_o we_o so_o for_o a_o believe_a husband_n to_o put_v away_o his_o unbelieve_a wife_n be_v lawful_a as_o st._n augustine_n affirm_v which_o with_o what_o circumstance_n be_v to_o be_v verify_v it_o be_v not_o to_o our_o purpose_n in_o this_o place_n to_o discuss_v but_o yet_o he_o may_v and_o that_o haply_o more_o laudable_o retain_v she_o wherefore_o he_o add_v both_o be_v equal_o lawful_a according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o divine_a justice_n for_o neither_o of_o they_o be_v prohibit_v by_o god_n but_o yet_o both_o be_v not_o equal_o expedient_a ulpian_n concern_v he_o that_o have_v sell_v his_o wine_n and_o covenant_v with_o the_o buyer_n that_o if_o he_o fetch_v it_o not_o by_o such_o a_o day_n it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a for_o he_o to_o pour_v it_o out_o say_v that_o although_o he_o may_v do_v it_o yet_o if_o he_o do_v it_o not_o he_o be_v the_o more_o to_o be_v commend_v second_o this_o word_n lawful_a may_v be_v take_v for_o that_o which_o be_v not_o punishable_a by_o humane_a law_n although_o it_o consist_v not_o with_o piety_n or_o the_o rule_n of_o morality_n thus_o in_o many_o country_n fornication_n be_v lawful_a that_o be_v not_o punishable_a among_o the_o lacedaemonian_n and_o egyptian_n theft_n be_v lawful_a and_o in_o quintilian_n we_o read_v that_o there_o be_v some_o thing_n which_o though_o not_o in_o their_o own_o nature_n commendable_a yet_o that_o be_v by_o the_o law_n tolerate_v as_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o twelve_o table_n the_o body_n of_o the_o debtor_n may_v the_o divide_a among_o the_o creditor_n all_o which_o though_o in_o themselves_o unfit_a and_o unseemly_a yet_o be_v by_o some_o lawgiver_n permit_v to_o avoid_v great_a inconvenience_n licentia_fw-la plerumque_fw-la est_fw-la tentatio_fw-la disciplinae_fw-la licence_n say_v tertullian_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n but_o the_o touchstone_n of_o discipline_n all_o thing_n say_v s._n paul_n be_v lawful_a but_o all_o thing_n edify_v not_o now_o this_o acception_n of_o the_o word_n lawful_a be_v somewhat_o improper_a as_o cicero_n testify_v in_o his_o tusculan_n 5._o lib._n 5._o where_o speak_v of_o cinna_n who_o have_v be_v four_o time_n consul_n and_o have_v cause_v divers_a of_o the_o chief_a of_o the_o roman_a nobility_n to_o be_v slay_v say_v thus_o shall_v we_o esteem_v this_o man_n happy_a nay_o on_o the_o contrary_a i_o think_v he_o miserable_a not_o because_o he_o commit_v these_o thing_n but_o because_o he_o so_o govern_v the_o commonwealth_n that_o he_o may_v lawful_o commit_v they_o not_o that_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o any_o man_n to_o sin_n sed_fw-la sermonis_fw-la errore_fw-la labimur_fw-la dum_fw-la id_fw-la licere_fw-la dicimus_fw-la quod_fw-la cuique_fw-la conceditur_fw-la but_o we_o be_v mislead_v through_o the_o common_a error_n of_o speech_n whilst_o we_o pronounce_v that_o lawful_a which_o be_v only_o permit_v injuria_fw-la summum_fw-la jus_o summa_fw-la injuria_fw-la whence_o columella_n conclude_v that_o we_o ought_v not_o to_o prosecute_v our_o revenge_n to_o the_o utmost_a of_o what_o we_o may_v for_o extreme_a severity_n be_v too_o near_o a_o neighbour_n to_o extreme_a cruelty_n yet_o notwithstanding_o though_o this_o acception_n of_o the_o word_n lawful_a be_v not_o so_o proper_a yet_o be_v it_o among_o the_o roman_n very_o frequent_a as_o will_v appear_v by_o the_o same_o cicero_n who_o thus_o bespeak_v the_o judge_n posthumo_fw-la orat._n pro_fw-la rabirio_n posthumo_fw-la quid_fw-la deceat_fw-la vos_fw-la non_fw-la quantum_fw-la liceat_fw-la vobis_fw-la spectare_fw-la debetis_fw-la you_o that_o be_v judge_n ought_v to_o consider_v not_o so_o much_o what_o in_o strictness_n of_o law_n you_o may_v do_v but_o what_o in_o every_o case_n be_v most_o fit_a and_o convenient_a to_o be_v do_v for_o if_o you_o regard_v your_o own_o power_n only_o you_o may_v put_v to_o death_n even_o who_o you_o will_n in_o the_o same_o sense_n as_o it_o be_v usual_o say_v of_o king_n that_o they_o may_v do_v even_o what_o they_o please_v because_o they_o be_v exempt_v from_o the_o lash_n of_o humane_a law_n yet_o be_v that_o advice_n which_o claudian_n give_v unto_o his_o prince_n much_o more_o worthy_o to_o be_v by_o all_o prince_n receive_v nec_fw-la tibi_fw-la quid_fw-la liceat_fw-la sed_fw-la quid_fw-la fecisse_fw-la decebit_fw-la occurrat_fw-la resolve_v to_o do_v not_o what_o you_o may_v but_o what_o become_v you_o musonius_n high_o blame_v those_o prince_n who_o study_v more_o their_o own_o prerogative_n 5._o declam_fw-la lib._n 3._o cap._n 5._o than_o the_o good_a of_o their_o subject_n and_o that_o say_v thus_o and_o thus_o i_o can_v do_v rather_o than_o thus_o and_o thus_o i_o ought_v to_o do_v hence_o it_o be_v that_o we_o find_v these_o two_o word_n licet_fw-la and_o oportet_fw-la it_o be_v lawful_a and_o it_o behoove_v place_v sometime_o in_o opposition_n one_o to_o the_o other_o 30._o lib._n 30._o as_o in_o ammianus_n marcellinus_n sunt_fw-la aliqua_fw-la quae_fw-la fieri_fw-la non_fw-la oportet_fw-la etiam_fw-la si_fw-la licet_fw-la some_o thing_n there_o be_v which_o be_v not_o fit_a to_o be_v do_v though_o lawful_o we_o may_v do_v they_o so_o in_o pliny_n epistle_n thing_n that_o be_v dishonest_a we_o must_v avoid_v not_o as_o they_o be_v unlawful_a but_o as_o they_o be_v shameful_a and_o as_o cicero_n himself_o affirm_v the_o same_o est_fw-la enim_fw-la aliquid_fw-la quod_fw-la non_fw-la oporteat_fw-la etiamsi_fw-la licet_fw-la balbo_n orat._n pro_fw-la balbo_n something_o be_v be_v not_o fit_a to_o be_v do_v though_o lawful_a and_o in_o his_o oration_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o milo_n he_o distinguish_v between_o fas_fw-la and_o licet_fw-la attribute_v to_o the_o former_a that_o which_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o to_o the_o latter_a that_o which_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o particular_a country_n so_o quintilian_n the_o father_n in_o one_o of_o his_o declamation_n tell_v we_o 251._o orat._n 251._o that_o it_o be_v one_o thing_n to_o look_v strict_o to_o what_o be_v a_o man_n right_a i._n e._n to_o what_o a_o man_n may_v do_v and_o another_o thing_n to_o respect_n that_o which_o be_v just_a aliud_fw-la est_fw-la spectare_fw-la jura_fw-la aliud_fw-la justitiam_fw-la iii_o in_o war_n the_o effect_n be_v lawful_a general_o that_o be_v not_o punishable_a in_o this_o sense_n therefore_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o one_o enemy_n to_o hurt_v another_o both_o in_o his_o person_n or_o in_o his_o estate_n it_o be_v lawful_a i_o say_v not_o only_o for_o he_o that_o make_v war_n upon_o a_o just_a ground_n and_o that_o in_o the_o prosecution_n of_o that_o war_n contain_v himself_o within_o those_o bound_n which_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v prescribe_v he_o as_o we_o have_v already_o say_v but_o for_o both_o party_n and_o that_o without_o distinction_n so_o that_o he_o that_o do_v thus_o injure_v his_o enemy_n though_o he_o be_v apprehend_v in_o another_o prince_n dominion_n yet_o can_v he_o not_o be_v proceed_v against_o as_o a_o homicide_n or_o as_o a_o thief_n neither_o can_v any_o other_o prince_n for_o this_o only_a cause_n make_v war_n upon_o he_o and_o in_o this_o sense_n be_v that_o of_o sallust_n true_a by_o the_o law_n of_o arm_n all_o thing_n be_v lawful_a to_o the_o conqueror_n iu._n why_o such_o effect_n be_v introduce_v now_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o so_o great_a a_o licence_n grant_v by_o all_o nation_n be_v this_o because_o when_o two_o nation_n be_v at_o war_n for_o any_o other_o nation_n to_o judge_v where_o the_o right_o be_v have_v be_v dangerous_a for_o by_o that_o mean_n that_o nation_n may_v quick_o be_v entangle_v in_o the_o other_o war_n as_o the_o marseillian_o plead_v in_o the_o cause_n of_o caesar_n and_o pompey_n and_o therefore_o they_o confess_v that_o they_o have_v neither_o wisdom_n nor_o power_n sufficient_a to_o determine_v whether_o of_o they_o have_v the_o just_a cause_n beside_o even_o where_o the_o war_n be_v manifest_o just_a it_o be_v a_o very_a nice_a thing_n by_o any_o outward_a token_n to_o judge_v which_o be_v the_o just_a rule_n or_o measure_n either_o of_o defend_v ourselves_o of_o recover_v our_o own_o right_n or_o of_o exact_v punishment_n so_o that_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o it_o be_v much_o better_a to_o leave_v it_o to_o the_o honesty_n and_o conscience_n of_o the_o prince_n engage_v to_o determine_v of_o these_o thing_n among_o themselves_o than_o to_o refer_v it_o to_o the_o arbitrement_n of_o other_o thus_o do_v the_o achaian_n demand_n of_o the_o roman_a senate_n how_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o what_o have_v former_o be_v act_v by_o the_o right_n of_o war_n shall_v now_o fall_v into_o debate_n now_o beside_o this_o of_o licence_n and_o impunity_n there_o be_v another_o effect_n of_o a_o just_a and_o solemn_a war_n namely_o
dominion_n whereof_o we_o shall_v treat_v hereafter_o v._o testimony_n of_o these_o effect_n but_o the_o licence_n that_o a_o just_a war_n give_v to_o one_o enemy_n against_o another_o extend_v either_o to_o his_o person_n or_o his_o estate_n and_o first_o to_o the_o person_n of_o a_o enemy_n and_o hereof_o we_o have_v many_o testimony_n record_v in_o the_o most_o approve_a author_n the_o greek_a proverb_n acquit_v the_o soldier_n for_o what_o he_o do_v against_o the_o person_n of_o a_o enemy_n in_o the_o time_n of_o war_n in_o that_o it_o say_v he_o guiltless_a be_v that_o do_v his_o enemy_n kill_v euripides_n euripides_n the_o custom_n of_o the_o ancient_a grecian_n be_v not_o to_o wash_v nor_o to_o eat_v with_o a_o homicide_n much_o less_o to_o join_v with_o he_o in_o any_o duty_n that_o be_v holy_a and_o yet_o with_o he_o that_o in_o the_o war_n have_v kill_v a_o enemy_n it_o be_v lawful_a and_o in_o all_o author_n we_o read_v that_o to_o kill_v be_v jus_n belli_n the_o right_a of_o war._n marcellus_n in_o livy_n justify_v himself_o by_o this_o right_n 28._o livy_n 26._o id._n 21._o lib._n 28._o quicquid_fw-la in_o hostibus_fw-la feci_fw-la jus_o belli_fw-la defendit_fw-la whatever_o i_o do_v among_o my_o enemy_n the_o law_n of_o arm_n do_v defend_v i_o in_o and_o so_o do_v alcon_n justify_v himself_o and_o his_o soldier_n to_o the_o saguntines_n suffer_v your_o wife_n and_o your_o child_n to_o be_v drag_v about_o and_o ravish_v before_o your_o face_n according_a to_o the_o licence_n give_v in_o war_n for_o better_a it_o be_v with_o patience_n to_o endure_v those_o outrage_n than_o that_o they_o shall_v put_v you_o all_o to_o the_o sword_n and_o the_o same_o livy_n have_v declare_v the_o general_a massacre_n of_o the_o astapense_n add_v that_o it_o be_v do_v by_o the_o right_n of_o war._n cicero_n likewise_o in_o his_o oration_n for_o king_n dejotarus_n plead_v thus_o and_o why_o o_o caesar_n shall_v he_o be_v suspect_v as_o thy_o enemy_n who_o can_v not_o forget_v that_o whereas_o thou_o may_v have_v adjudge_v he_o even_o to_o death_n by_o the_o law_n of_o arm_n thou_o make_v both_o he_o and_o his_o son_n also_o king_n and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o confess_v that_o whereas_o caesar_n marcel_n pro_fw-la m._n marcel_n by_o the_o right_n of_o a_o conqueror_n may_v have_v sentence_v they_o all_o to_o death_n 7._o lib._n 7._o he_o out_o of_o his_o princely_a clemency_n have_v preserve_v they_o caesar_n in_o his_o commentary_n acquaint_v the_o state_n of_o the_o hedui_n that_o he_o save_v their_o people_n who_o by_o the_o law_n of_o arm_n he_o may_v have_v slay_v josephus_n also_o in_o his_o jewish_a war_n account_v it_o a_o honourable_a death_n to_o die_v in_o the_o war_n but_o he_o mean_v to_o die_v by_o the_o law_n of_o arm_n or_o at_o the_o will_n and_o pleasure_n of_o the_o conqueror_n of_o the_o same_o mind_n be_v papinius_n non_fw-la querimur_fw-la caesos_fw-la haec_fw-la bellica_fw-la jura_fw-la vicesque_fw-la armorum_fw-la nor_o for_o our_o slain_n we_o grieve_v be_v this_o be_v the_o law_n of_o arm_n the_o chance_n of_o war._n yet_o we_o must_v observe_v that_o when_o these_o author_n seem_v to_o justify_v such_o act_n of_o cruelty_n by_o the_o right_n of_o war_n they_o do_v not_o altogether_o free_v they_o from_o sin_n but_o from_o be_v punishable_a as_o sin_n 1._o annal._n lib._n 1._o as_o will_v appear_v by_o other_o place_n in_o the_o same_o author_n it_o be_v well_o say_v of_o tacitus_n in_o pace_n causas_fw-la &_o merita_fw-la spectari_fw-la ubi_fw-la bellum_fw-la ingruat_fw-la innocent_n ac_fw-la noxios_fw-la juxta_fw-la cadere_fw-la peace_n do_v usual_o distinguish_v of_o cause_n and_o merit_n and_o according_o dispense_v reward_n and_o punishment_n but_o in_o war_n the_o nocent_a and_o innocent_a do_v fall_v alike_o and_o in_o another_o place_n speak_v of_o a_o common_a trooper_n who_o demand_v of_o his_o captain_n a_o reward_n for_o kill_v his_o own_o brother_n in_o the_o head_n of_o his_o enemy_n troop_n he_o say_v nec_fw-la illis_fw-la aut_fw-la honorare_fw-la eam_fw-la caedem_fw-la jus_o hominum_fw-la nec_fw-la ulcisci_fw-la ratio_fw-la belli_fw-la permittebat_fw-la neither_o will_v the_o law_n of_o humanity_n suffer_v they_o to_o reward_v so_o unnatural_a a_o murder_n nor_o the_o law_n of_o arm_n permit_v they_o to_o punish_v it_o for_o that_o which_o seneca_n observe_v be_v very_o true_a 1._o troad_n see_v the_o second_o book_n chap._n 1._o sect_n 1._o quodcunque_fw-la libuit_fw-la facere_fw-la victori_fw-la licet_fw-la what_o ever_o he_o will_v that_o may_v a_o victor_n do_v and_o what_o he_o note_v in_o his_o epistle_n 96._o epist._n 96._o quae_fw-la commissa_fw-la capite_fw-la luerent_fw-la tum_fw-la quia_fw-la paludati_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la laudamus_fw-la what_o in_o another_o we_o punish_v with_o death_n that_o in_o a_o soldier_n under_o command_n we_o commend_v wherewith_o accord_v that_o of_o st_n cyprian_a 2._o epist._n 2._o homicidium_fw-la cum_fw-la admittunt_fw-la singuli_fw-la crimen_fw-la est_fw-la virtus_fw-la voco_fw-la cum_fw-la publicè_fw-la geritur_fw-la that_o which_o in_o a_o time_n of_o peace_n be_v a_o capital_a crime_n in_o the_o time_n of_o war_n be_v account_v valour_n but_o it_o be_v not_o the_o nature_n of_o their_o fact_n but_o the_o exorbitancy_n of_o their_o cruelty_n that_o render_v soldier_n unpunishable_a and_o a_o little_a after_o he_o add_v consensere_fw-la jura_fw-la peccatis_fw-la &_o coepit_fw-la esse_fw-la licitum_fw-la quod_fw-la publicum_fw-la est_fw-la the_o law_n do_v connive_v at_o sin_n which_o be_v therefore_o sometime_o repute_v innocence_n because_o license_v by_o public_a authority_n and_o in_o this_o sense_n it_o be_v true_a what_o lactantius_n say_v of_o the_o roman_n pharsal_a institut_fw-la 4._o c._n 9_o pharsal_a that_o they_o do_v legitimè_fw-la injurias_fw-la infer_v infest_v other_o lawful_o as_o that_o also_o of_o lucan_n jusque_fw-la datum_fw-la sceleri_fw-la which_o we_o may_v translate_v in_o the_o word_n of_o david_n wickedness_n be_v practise_v as_o by_o a_o law_n vi_o all_o that_o be_v find_v among_o enemy_n be_v liable_a to_o the_o effect_n of_o war._n but_o this_o right_n of_o licence_n or_o impunity_n in_o war_n extend_v itself_o very_o far_o for_o it_o reach_v not_o only_o to_o such_o as_o be_v actual_o in_o arm_n nor_o unto_o such_o only_a as_o be_v subject_n to_o these_o prince_n against_o who_o the_o war_n be_v make_v but_o unto_o all_o such_o as_o reside_v within_o their_o territory_n or_o dominion_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o that_o form_n so_o often_o use_v in_o livy_n hostess_fw-la sit_fw-la ille_fw-la quique_fw-la intra_fw-la praesidia_fw-la sunt_fw-la ejus_fw-la let_v he_o and_o all_o that_o live_v under_o his_o protection_n be_v hold_v as_o enemy_n 37._o livy_n lib._n 37._o and_o no_o marvel_n see_v that_o by_o all_o such_o we_o may_v be_v damnify_v which_o in_o a_o war_n that_o be_v last_a and_o universal_a be_v sufficient_a to_o justify_v the_o licence_n here_o speak_v of_o otherwise_o than_o in_o reprizal_n or_o pignoration_n which_o as_o i_o have_v say_v be_v at_o the_o first_o introduce_v after_o the_o manner_n of_o tax_n for_o the_o payment_n of_o public_a debt_n wherefore_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v wonder_v at_o if_o as_o baldus_n note_n this_o licence_n in_o war_n be_v much_o great_a than_o that_o in_o pignoration_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o question_n but_o that_o stranger_n come_v into_o the_o enemy_n territory_n after_o the_o war_n be_v proclaim_v and_o begin_v may_v be_v persecute_v as_o enemy_n vii_o though_o they_o come_v before_o the_o war_n begin_v but_o as_o for_o those_o that_o go_v thither_o before_o the_o war_n be_v proclaim_v it_o be_v think_v fit_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n that_o they_o shall_v have_v some_o time_n allow_v they_o to_o depart_v thence_o with_o their_o good_n for_o so_o we_o read_v of_o the_o corcyraean_n that_o before_o they_o lay_v close_a siege_n to_o epidamnum_n 1._o liv._o l._n 25._o thucyd._n lib._n 1._o they_o give_v warn_v to_o all_o stranger_n to_o depart_v or_o to_o be_v hold_v as_o enemy_n viii_o but_o natural_a subject_n every_o where_o unless_o protect_v by_o another_o prince_n but_o such_o as_o be_v true_a and_o natural_a subject_n if_o we_o have_v respect_n only_o to_o their_o person_n they_o may_v in_o all_o place_n whatsoever_o be_v persecute_v because_o as_o we_o have_v already_o show_v when_o war_n be_v decree_v and_o denounce_v it_o be_v declare_v to_o be_v against_o a_o prince_n or_o nation_n and_o the_o people_n thereof_o so_o the_o roman_n in_o their_o decree_n against_o king_n philip_n do_v will_n and_o command_v that_o war_n shall_v be_v proclaim_v against_o he_o and_o the_o macedonian_n under_o his_o dominion_n now_o he_o that_o be_v a_o enemy_n may_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n be_v every_o where_o persecute_v according_a to_o that_o of_o euripides_n ubicunque_fw-la prensum_fw-la jura_fw-la laedi_fw-la hostem_fw-la sinunt_fw-la
example_n in_o all_o history_n as_o namely_o by_o the_o example_n of_o achilles_n in_o homer_n of_o mago_n and_o turnus_n in_o virgil_n which_o do_v therefore_o stand_v yet_o upon_o record_n to_o justify_v the_o like_a practice_n hereafter_o by_o the_o right_n of_o war_n for_o st._n augustine_n himself_o commend_v the_o goth_n for_o spare_v suppliant_n 2._o de_fw-fr civit._n dei_fw-la c._n 2._o and_o such_o as_o flee_v unto_o temple_n for_o protection_n yet_o say_v that_o which_o by_o the_o right_n of_o war_n they_o may_v do_v they_o think_v unlawful_a for_o they_o to_o do_v neither_o be_v they_o always_o receive_v to_o mercy_n that_o beg_v it_o witness_v the_o grecian_n that_o side_v with_o the_o persian_n against_o alexander_n at_o that_o great_a battle_n fight_v at_o the_o river_n granicum_fw-la 12._o ann._n 12._o and_o the_o uspense_v in_o tacitus_n who_o crave_v leave_n but_o to_o depart_v their_o city_n with_o their_o body_n free_a be_v reject_v by_o the_o conqueror_n because_o it_o will_v have_v be_v think_v cruelty_n to_o have_v kill_v they_o in_o cold_a blood_n after_o they_o have_v yield_v themselves_o and_o hard_o to_o keep_v a_o guard_n upon_o so_o great_a a_o multitude_n therefore_o they_o choose_v rather_o to_o let_v they_o perish_v by_o the_o sword_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o arms._n observe_v here_o also_o the_o right_n of_o war._n xii_o yea_o and_o to_o such_o as_o yield_v without_o condition_n neither_o do_v they_o always_o find_v mercy_n that_o surrender_v themselves_o without_o any_o condition_n at_o all_o but_o even_o these_o be_v sometime_o put_v to_o death_n as_o the_o prince_n of_o pomeria_fw-la be_v by_o the_o roman_n the_o samnite_n by_o sylla_n the_o numidian_n yea_o and_o vercingentoriges_n himself_o by_o caesar_n nay_o it_o be_v almost_o the_o perpetual_a practice_n of_o the_o roman_a general_n upon_o the_o day_n of_o their_o triumph_n 1._o dion_n 45._o livy_n 2._o cicero_n in_o ver._n 5._o livy_n lib._n 28._o annal._n 1._o to_o put_v to_o death_n all_o the_o captain_n and_o other_o commander_n whether_o they_o be_v take_v prisoner_n during_o the_o war_n or_o have_v yield_v themselves_o as_o cicero_n in_o form_n we_o in_o his_o five_o oration_n against_o verres_n which_o both_o livy_n and_o tacitus_n confirm_v nay_o the_o same_o tacitus_n record_v it_o of_o galba_n that_o he_o cause_v the_o ten_o man_n to_o be_v kill_v of_o those_o who_o upon_o submission_n he_o have_v receive_v to_o mercy_n and_o caecina_n upon_o the_o surrender_n of_o aventicum_n cause_v julius_n alpinus_n to_o be_v put_v to_o death_n as_o be_v the_o principal_a instigator_n of_o the_o war_n but_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o citizen_n he_o leave_v to_o either_o the_o mercy_n or_o the_o severity_n of_o vitellius_n xiii_o this_o right_a not_o to_o be_v refer_v to_o other_o cause_n it_o be_v the_o usual_a custom_n of_o historian_n to_o ascribe_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o cruelty_n and_o outrage_n against_o captive_n or_o suppliant_n either_o to_o the_o like_a cruelty_n do_v by_o they_o unto_o other_o or_o to_o their_o obstinacy_n in_o resist_v they_o but_o these_o be_v rather_o pretence_n than_o just_a cause_n for_o retaliation_n proper_o so_o call_v be_v not_o to_o be_v execute_v but_o upon_o the_o same_o person_n that_o offend_v as_o have_v be_v already_o say_v where_o we_o discourse_v concern_v the_o communication_n of_o punishment_n but_o contrariwise_o in_o war_n this_o right_n of_o retaliation_n be_v often_o exercise_v on_o those_o who_o be_v in_o no_o measure_n guilty_a of_o the_o crime_n for_o which_o they_o be_v say_v to_o be_v punish_v this_o custom_n be_v thus_o describe_v by_o diodorus_n siculus_n the_o chance_n of_o war_n be_v on_o both_o side_n equal_a neither_o party_n can_v be_v ignorant_a of_o this_o that_o in_o case_n they_o be_v vanquish_v what_o they_o intend_v to_o do_v against_o their_o enemy_n have_v they_o be_v victor_n that_o they_o must_v be_v content_v to_o suffer_v from_o they_o thus_o do_v philomelus_n the_o phocensian_a general_n persuade_v his_o enemy_n to_o refrain_v from_o a_o proud_a and_o insolent_a revenge_n by_o threaten_v to_o exact_v the_o like_a in_o case_n the_o victory_n fall_v on_o his_o side_n but_o as_o to_o the_o other_o pretence_n which_o be_v usual_o plead_v namely_o a_o obstinate_a endeavour_n to_o defend_v their_o own_o party_n 1._o goth._n l._n 1._o it_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v punishable_a as_o a_o crime_n as_o the_o neapolitan_n allege_v to_o belisarius_n in_o procopius_n that_o according_a to_o the_o ancient_a roman_a discipline_n it_o be_v ever_o account_v a_o capital_a crime_n to_o do_v otherwise_o especial_o if_o we_o be_v engage_v therein_o either_o by_o some_o natural_a obligation_n or_o by_o a_o honest_a and_o deliberate_a choice_n for_o in_o these_o case_n they_o seldom_o admit_v of_o any_o excuse_n be_v the_o fear_n or_o danger_n never_o so_o great_a 24._o polyb._n l._n 1._o &_o 5._o liv._o lib._n 24._o praesidio_fw-la decedere_fw-la apud_fw-la romanos_fw-la capital_fw-it est_fw-la to_o desert_n a_o garrison_n say_v livy_n be_v ever_o account_v among_o the_o roman_n a_o capital_a crime_n every_o man_n therefore_o may_v make_v use_n of_o this_o rigour_n and_o severity_n so_o far_o as_o he_o see_v it_o may_v conduce_v to_o his_o own_o advantage_n and_o be_v therein_o justify_v before_o man_n by_o that_o common_a right_n and_o licence_n of_o nation_n whereof_o we_o here_o treat_v fourteen_o it_o extend_v also_o to_o hostage_n this_o right_a or_o licence_n do_v sometime_o extend_v itself_o to_o hostage_n and_o that_o not_o only_o to_o those_o who_o voluntary_o give_v themselves_o as_o pledge_n for_o the_o performance_n of_o article_n agree_v upon_o but_o unto_o those_o also_o who_o be_v deliver_v up_o by_o other_o thus_o we_o read_v of_o two_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o hostage_n slay_v by_o the_o thessalian_n and_o of_o three_o hundred_o slay_v by_o the_o roman_n 4._o plut._n de_fw-fr claris_fw-la mulierib_n diony_n 16._o tac._n an._n 12._o 1_o mac._n 13.17_o hist_o 4._o where_o also_o by_o the_o way_n we_o may_v observe_v that_o sometime_o child_n be_v admit_v as_o hostage_n as_o by_o the_o example_n of_o simon_n the_o maccabite_n we_o may_v learn_v and_o sometime_o woman_n as_o by_o the_o roman_n in_o the_o time_n of_o porsenna_n and_o by_o the_o german_n in_o tacitus_n xv._o to_o kill_v by_o poison_n unlawful_a as_o there_o be_v many_o thing_n tolerate_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n in_o this_o sense_n that_o we_o now_o speak_v of_o which_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v prohibit_v so_o be_v there_o many_o thing_n forbid_v by_o the_o former_a which_o by_o the_o latter_a be_v tolerate_v for_o if_o we_o respect_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n only_o if_o a_o man_n have_v deserve_v to_o be_v put_v to_o death_n it_o matter_n not_o much_o whether_o it_o be_v by_o the_o sword_n or_o by_o poison_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n i_o say_v though_o otherwise_o it_o be_v far_o more_o noble_a so_o to_o invade_v another_o man_n life_n as_o to_o give_v he_o a_o equal_a power_n to_o defend_v himself_o but_o this_o be_v not_o due_a unto_o every_o man_n that_o have_v deserve_v to_o die_v but_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n if_o not_o of_o all_o yet_o of_o the_o great_a and_o better_a part_n of_o they_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a to_o take_v away_o the_o life_n no_o not_o of_o a_o enemy_n by_o poison_n which_o custom_n be_v introduce_v for_o a_o general_a good_a lest_o danger_n which_o be_v too_o rife_a and_o frequent_a in_o war_n shall_v be_v beyond_o all_o measure_n multiply_v and_o very_o probable_a it_o be_v that_o this_o law_n be_v first_o enact_v by_o king_n and_o emperor_n who_o life_n as_o they_o be_v principal_o guard_v by_o arm_n so_o be_v they_o most_o easy_o endanger_v by_o poison_n be_v it_o not_o for_o the_o severity_n of_o the_o law_n and_o the_o sear_n of_o infamy_n 42._o lib._n 42._o this_o livy_n call_v a_o clandestine_v villainy_n speak_v of_o pyrrhus_n and_o claudian_n concern_v the_o design_n of_o pyrrhus_n physician_n who_o offer_v fabritius_n to_o poison_v he_o call_v it_o a_o detestable_a act_n 3._o offic._n l._n 3._o not_o fit_a to_o be_v speak_v so_o do_v cicero_n glance_v at_o the_o same_o story_n which_o offer_v of_o the_o physician_n the_o consul_n not_o only_o reject_v but_o discover_v unto_o pyrrhus_n not_o so_o much_o for_o his_o sake_n as_o to_o prevent_v the_o reproach_n and_o scandal_n that_o may_v ensue_v to_o themselves_o lest_o it_o shall_v be_v say_v of_o they_o that_o who_o they_o can_v not_o conquer_v by_o true_a valour_n they_o have_v by_o treachery_n destroy_v pyrrhi_n plut._n vit_fw-mi pyrrhi_n or_o as_o aulus_n gellius_n recite_v the_o epistle_n of_o the_o consul_n out_o of_o claudius_n quadrigarius_n communis_fw-la exempli_fw-la &_o fidei_fw-la ergo_fw-la visum_fw-la est_fw-la we_o think_v it_o
make_v use_n of_o the_o treachery_n of_o other_o in_o all_o other_o case_n do_v not_o allow_v of_o it_o in_o this_o case_n be_v the_o very_a same_o that_o be_v before_o give_v in_o the_o case_n of_o poison_n namely_o to_o restrain_v the_o danger_n that_o attend_v king_n and_o prince_n when_o one_o tell_v eumenes_n 14._o just_a lib._n 14._o that_o his_o enemy_n have_v hire_v one_o to_o kill_v he_o he_o will_v not_o believe_v that_o any_o general_n or_o inferior_a captain_n will_v give_v so_o ill_a a_o example_n against_o himself_o and_o in_o another_o place_n the_o same_o justine_n declare_v 12._o just_a lib._n 12._o that_o when_o bessus_n have_v kill_v king_n darius_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v endure_v for_o example_n sake_n because_o it_o be_v the_o common_a cause_n of_o all_o king_n for_o as_o seneca_n well_o observe_v regi_fw-la tuenda_fw-la est_fw-la maxim_n regum_fw-la salus_fw-la a_o king_n chief_a care_n be_v the_o defence_n of_o king_n in_o a_o solemn_a war_n and_o among_o those_o who_o have_v a_o right_a to_o denounce_v a_o solemn_a war_n it_o be_v not_o lawful_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n private_o to_o kill_v a_o enemy_n but_o where_o there_o be_v no_o solemn_a war_n it_o be_v by_o the_o same_o law_n of_o nation_n account_v lawful_a that_o be_v unpunishable_a 11._o annal._n l._n 11._o tacitus_n deny_v peremptory_o that_o the_o plot_n that_o be_v lay_v against_o the_o life_n of_o gannascus_n be_v at_o all_o 7._o lib._n 7._o degenerous_a because_o he_o be_v a_o traitor_n and_o curtius_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o guilt_n of_o bessus_n in_o kill_v darius_n do_v make_v the_o treachery_n of_o spitamenes_n appear_v the_o less_o odious_a for_o that_o nothing_o can_v be_v think_v wicked_a that_o be_v do_v against_o a_o regicide_n so_o likewise_o ammianus_n concern_v florentius_n and_o barchalba_n who_o have_v surprise_v procopius_n the_o traitor_n si_fw-mi principem_fw-la legitimum_fw-la prodidissent_fw-la vel_fw-la ipsa_fw-la justitia_fw-la jure_fw-la caesos_fw-la pronunciaret_fw-la si_fw-la rebellem_fw-la &_o oppugnatorem_fw-la internae_fw-la quietis_fw-la ut_fw-la ferebatur_fw-la amplas_fw-la ei_fw-la memorabilis_fw-la facti_fw-la opportuerat_fw-la deferri_fw-la mercedes_fw-la if_o it_o have_v be_v their_o lawful_a sovereign_n that_o they_o have_v betray_v the_o law_n have_v just_o sentence_v they_o to_o death_n but_o if_o he_o be_v a_o rebel_n or_o a_o disturber_n of_o the_o peace_n of_o his_o own_o country_n as_o be_v say_v you_o ought_v to_o give_v he_o a_o reward_n worthy_a of_o so_o memorable_a a_o fact_n thus_o be_v artabanes_n high_o commend_v in_o procopius_n for_o kill_a gontharide_n as_o we_o may_v read_v at_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o second_o of_o his_o vandal_n history_n so_o perfidiousness_n or_o treachery_n against_o thief_n and_o pirate_n though_o it_o be_v not_o altogether_o blameless_a yet_o be_v it_o not_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n punishable_a because_o commit_v against_o such_o as_o be_v enemy_n to_o humane_a society_n but_o what_o if_o they_o that_o be_v send_v to_o kill_v a_o enemy_n private_o do_v owe_v he_o no_o faith_n kill_v but_o not_o if_o he_o owe_v he_o no_o faith_n but_o not_o if_o the_o person_n send_v owe_v no_o faith_n to_o he_o who_o he_o be_v send_v to_o kill_v nor_o be_v any_o way_n oblige_v unto_o he_o sure_o then_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n it_o be_v lawful_a for_o they_o to_o kill_v he_o if_o they_o can_v even_o in_o his_o own_o quarter_n thus_o pipin_n father_n to_o charles_n the_o great_a of_o france_n attend_v with_o one_o only_a of_o his_o guard_n pass_v the_o rhine_n and_o kill_v his_o enemy_n even_o in_o his_o own_o chamber_n the_o like_a be_v attempt_v by_o one_o theodotus_n a_o etolian_a upon_o ptolemy_n king_n of_o egypt_n which_o polybius_n commend_v as_o no_o unmanly_a attempt_n such_o also_o be_v that_o heroic_a enterprise_n of_o q._n mutius_n scaevola_n who_o be_v in_o plutarch_n esteem_n a_o man_n accomplish_v with_o all_o virtuous_a endowment_n which_o attempt_n he_o thus_o defend_v host_n hostem_fw-la occidere_fw-la volui_fw-la i_o be_v a_o enemy_n will_v have_v kill_v a_o enemy_n 3._o livy_n l._n 2._o lib._n 3._o c._n 3._o porsenna_n himself_o acknowledge_v this_o to_o be_v a_o act_n of_o true_a valour_n valerius_n maximus_n commend_v it_o for_o a_o brave_a and_o gallant_a resolution_n so_o do_v cicero_n in_o his_o oration_n for_o publius_n sextus_n because_o to_o kill_v a_o enemy_n wheresoever_o we_o find_v he_o be_v lawful_a both_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n neither_o do_v it_o make_v any_o difference_n how_o many_o they_o be_v that_o either_o thus_o act_n or_o suffer_v six_o hundred_o lacedaemonian_n we_o read_v of_o that_o with_o leonides_n their_o king_n march_v direct_o through_o the_o camp_n of_o five_o hundred_o thousand_o of_o their_o enemy_n even_o unto_o the_o king_n pavilion_n 4._o just_a l._n 2._o zozimus_fw-la l._n 4._o the_o same_o may_v be_v do_v by_o few_o a_o reward_n be_v promise_v by_o the_o emperor_n valens_n to_o he_o that_o shall_v bring_v in_o the_o head_n of_o any_o scythian_a whereupon_o a_o peace_n immediate_o ensue_v they_o be_v not_o many_o that_o circumvent_v marcellus_n and_o his_o fellow_n consul_n and_o slay_v they_o 24._o livy_n 27._o tacit._n hist_o l._n 5._o de_fw-fr off._n l._n 1._o c._n 40._o &_o jos_n anc._n 15._o lib._n 4._o lib._n 24._o and_o that_o have_v likely_a to_o have_v kill_v petilius_n cerealis_n even_o in_o his_o bed_n ambrose_n high_o commend_v eleazar_n who_o see_v a_o mighty_a elephant_n high_o than_o all_o the_o rest_n assaulted_z him_z suppose_v that_o he_o that_o sit_v upon_o he_o have_v be_v the_o king_n not_o much_o unlike_a be_v that_o attempt_n that_o theodosius_n make_v upon_o eugenius_n record_v by_o zozimus_n nor_o that_o of_o the_o ten_o persian_n against_o the_o emperor_n julian_n attest_v by_o ammianus_n neither_o be_v they_o only_o that_o make_v these_o attempt_n excusable_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n but_o they_o also_o that_o employ_v they_o those_o roman_a senator_n that_o be_v so_o renown_v for_o their_o war_n 2._o livy_n l._n 2._o be_v repute_v the_o author_n of_o that_o gallant_a attempt_n make_v by_o scaevola_n neither_o be_v it_o to_o the_o purpose_n to_o object_n that_o such_o man_n be_v take_v be_v put_v to_o exquisite_a torment_n for_o this_o happen_v not_o for_o that_o they_o violate_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n but_o because_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n every_o thing_n be_v lawful_a that_o be_v do_v against_o a_o enemy_n and_o all_o conqueror_n be_v more_o or_o less_o severe_a according_a as_o it_o shall_v conduce_v to_o their_o future_a advantage_n for_o thus_o be_v spy_n deal_v withal_o yet_o notwithstanding_o it_o be_v hold_v lawful_a by_o the_o general_a consent_n of_o nation_n to_o send_v out_o such_o as_o moses_n do_v joshua_n into_o the_o land_n of_o caanan_n it_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o all_o nation_n to_o kill_v spy_n say_v appian_n and_o that_o just_o sometime_o by_o such_o as_o have_v apparent_o a_o just_a cause_n to_o make_v war_n but_o by_o other_o it_o be_v only_o lawful_a by_o that_o licence_n which_o the_o law_n of_o arm_n sometime_o give_v but_o if_o there_o be_v any_o that_o will_v not_o make_v use_n of_o such_o instrument_n though_o offer_v this_o proceed_v rather_o from_o the_o magnanimity_n and_o the_o confidence_n of_o he_o that_o make_v the_o war_n in_o his_o own_o strength_n than_o from_o a_o opinion_n he_o have_v that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n it_o be_v unjust_a xix_o whether_o ravishment_n be_v in_o such_o a_o war_n lawful_a the_o ravish_v of_o woman_n be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n sometime_o permit_v in_o war_n and_o sometime_o forbid_v they_o that_o permit_v it_o do_v respect_n only_o the_o injury_n do_v to_o the_o body_n of_o a_o enemy_n which_o by_o the_o law_n of_o arm_n they_o think_v aught_o to_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o will_n of_o the_o conqueror_n but_o other_o much_o better_a look_v not_o unto_o the_o sole_a injury_n do_v unto_o the_o body_n of_o a_o enemy_n but_o to_o the_o very_a unbridled_a act_n of_o lust_n which_o conduce_v nothing_o either_o to_o the_o security_n of_o the_o conqueror_n or_o to_o the_o punishment_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o therefore_o shall_v be_v no_o more_o unpunishable_a in_o war_n than_o in_o peace_n and_o this_o be_v the_o law_n if_o not_o of_o all_o nation_n yet_o at_o least_o of_o the_o better_a and_o more_o civilise_a among_o they_o marcellus_z before_o he_o take_v syracuse_n take_v special_a care_n of_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o chastity_n 2._o aug._n de_fw-fr civit._fw-la dei_fw-la lib._n 2._o even_o of_o his_o enemy_n and_o scipio_n as_o livy_n testify_v tell_v his_o soldier_n that_o it_o much_o concern_v his_o own_o honour_n 26._o lib._n 26._o and_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n that_o
and_o call_v upon_o god_n obtain_v the_o victory_n and_o by_o it_o much_o spoil_n 2_o chron._n 14.13_o which_o be_v the_o more_o notable_a because_o that_o war_n be_v not_o undertake_v by_o any_o special_a command_n from_o god_n but_o only_o out_o of_o common_a right_n joshua_n also_o pursue_v the_o same_o rubenites_n gadites_n and_o part_n of_o the_o manassites_n in_o their_o prosperous_a success_n say_v divide_v the_o spoil_n of_o your_o enemy_n with_o your_o brethren_n josh_n 22.8_o and_o when_o david_n send_v to_o the_o elder_n of_o israel_n the_o spoil_n take_v from_o the_o amalekite_n he_o give_v this_o honourable_a character_n of_o it_o 37._o 1_o sam._n 30.26_o de_fw-fr benef._n 37._o that_o it_o be_v a_o present_a send_v they_o out_o of_o the_o spoil_n of_o the_o enemy_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o no_o marvel_n for_o as_o seneca_n observe_v to_o enrich_v any_o man_n with_o the_o spoil_n of_o a_o enemy_n be_v honourable_a there_o be_v also_o certain_a divine_a law_n extant_a concern_v the_o divide_n of_o such_o spoil_n as_o numb_a 31.27_o and_o philo_n the_o jew_n reckon_v it_o among_o the_o curse_n of_o the_o law_n that_o their_o field_n shall_v be_v reap_v by_o their_o enemy_n whereby_o must_v necessary_o ensue_v famine_n to_o themselves_o and_o plenty_n to_o their_o enemy_n whereunto_o we_o may_v add_v that_o god_n give_v the_o spoil_n of_o tyre_n to_o nebuchadnezor_n for_o the_o pay_n of_o his_o army_n ezech._n 29.19_o 20._o because_o that_o by_o he_o god_n punish_v the_o pride_n of_o the_o tyrian_n for_o insult_v over_o jerusalem_n ezech._n 26.2_o ii_o what_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n moreover_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n not_o only_o he_o that_o make_v war_n for_o a_o just_a cause_n but_o every_o man_n in_o a_o solemn_a war_n be_v without_o either_o end_n or_o measure_v owner_n of_o whatsoever_o he_o can_v take_v from_o a_o enemy_n namely_o in_o that_o sense_n that_o both_o he_o and_o whosoever_o claim_v from_o he_o be_v to_o be_v defend_v in_o their_o possession_n of_o the_o thing_n so_o gain_v by_o all_o nation_n which_o according_a to_o the_o external_a effect_n thereof_o may_v be_v call_v dominion_n this_o say_v xenophon_n be_v a_o everlasting_a law_n with_o all_o man_n that_o a_o city_n be_v take_v by_o force_n all_o the_o good_n and_o riches_n be_v the_o conqueror_n plato_n likewise_o be_v of_o the_o same_o opinion_n all_o that_o be_v the_o conquered_n fiunt_fw-la bona_fw-la quae_fw-la victus_fw-la habuit_fw-la omne_fw-la victoris_fw-la fiunt_fw-la become_v after_o the_o victory_n the_o conqueror_n and_o elsewhere_o among_o divers_a kind_n of_o natural_a acquisition_n he_o place_v this_o also_o which_o he_o call_v sometime_o polemical_a sometime_o predatory_a and_o sometime_o certatory_n therein_o agree_v with_o xenophon_n who_o bring_v in_o socrates_n by_o divers_a interrogation_n draw_v euthydemus_n to_o this_o confession_n that_o it_o be_v not_o at_o all_o time_n unjust_a to_o spoil_v and_o to_o destroy_v as_o for_o example_n when_o do_v against_o a_o enemy_n aristotle_n in_o the_o first_o of_o his_o politic_n say_v that_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n as_o by_o a_o universal_a agreement_n have_v ordain_v that_o whatsoever_o be_v conquer_v from_o a_o enemy_n by_o war_n become_v immediate_o the_o conqueror_n to_o the_o like_a purpose_n be_v that_o of_o antiphanes_n we_o ought_v to_o wish_v our_o enemy_n abundance_n of_o riches_n without_o valour_n for_o so_o those_o riches_n will_v quick_o find_v other_o master_n not_o those_o that_o possess_v they_o but_o those_o that_o can_v conquer_v they_o for_o as_o plutarch_n observe_v in_o the_o life_n of_o alexander_n what_o be_v the_o vanquished_n both_o be_v and_o aught_o to_o be_v account_v the_o conqueror_n 2._o instit_fw-la cyri._fw-la l._n 2._o and_o elsewhere_o the_o same_o plutarch_n the_o good_n of_o those_o that_o be_v by_o war_n overcome_v be_v propose_v as_o the_o reward_n of_o the_o victory_n which_o be_v the_o very_a word_n of_o xenophon_n what_o be_v gain_v by_o arm_n say_v diodorus_n or_o get_v by_o the_o right_n of_o war_n ought_v not_o easy_o to_o be_v lose_v thus_o philip_n in_o his_o epistle_n to_o the_o athenian_n say_v all_o of_o we_o possess_v city_n which_o be_v either_o leave_v we_o by_o our_o ancestor_n or_o be_v subdue_v become_v we_o by_o the_o right_n of_o war._n thus_o aeschines_n also_o if_o by_o make_v war_n against_o we_o thou_o have_v subdue_v our_o city_n thou_o may_v lawful_o have_v possess_v it_o by_o the_o law_n of_o arms._n marcellus_n in_o livy_n justify_v himself_o in_o take_v the_o spoil_n of_o syracuse_n by_o the_o right_n of_o conquest_n and_o the_o goth_n in_o agathias_n do_v by_o the_o same_o law_n justify_v king_n theudorick_n who_o have_v first_o conquer_v odoazer_n say_v quae_fw-la ejus_fw-la fuerant_fw-la omne_fw-la tenuit_fw-la jure_fw-la belli_fw-la whatsoever_o odoazer_n have_v theudorick_v possess_v by_o the_o right_n of_o war._n thus_o the_o roman_a ambassador_n tell_v philip_n concern_v the_o city_n of_o thrace_n and_o some_o other_o that_o if_o he_o have_v take_v those_o city_n by_o war_n they_o have_v be_v his_o by_o the_o law_n of_o arm_n as_o be_v the_o reward_n of_o his_o victory_n and_o thus_o massanissa_n plead_v say_v the_o land_n that_o his_o father_n conquer_v by_o war_n from_o the_o carthaginian_n he_o hold_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n so_o also_o mithridates_n in_o justine_n say_v 38._o lib._n 38._o that_o to_o please_v the_o roman_n he_o have_v withdraw_v his_o son_n out_o of_o cappadocia_n which_o as_o a_o conqueror_n he_o be_v right_o possess_v of_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n 1._o or._n 2._o contra_fw-la rullum_fw-la offic._n 1._o cicero_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o city_n mitylene_n become_v the_o roman_n by_o the_o right_n of_o war_n and_o by_o conquest_n and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o propriety_n in_o some_o thing_n may_v be_v gain_v either_o by_o preoccupancy_n or_o by_o war_n as_o in_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v gain_v by_o victory_n of_o the_o same_o mind_n be_v dion_n cassius_n all_z that_o be_v the_o conquered_n immediate_o become_v the_o conqueror_n quae_fw-la ex_fw-la hostibus_fw-la capiuntur_fw-la jure_fw-la gentinus_fw-la statim_fw-la capientium_fw-la fiunt_fw-la whatsoever_o say_v cajus_n the_o lawyer_n be_v take_v from_o a_o enemy_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n immediate_o be_v make_v his_o that_o take_v it_o and_o this_o kind_n of_o acquisition_n theophilus_n call_v a_o natural_a possession_n so_o likewise_o aristotle_n 8._o arist_n l._n 1._o de_fw-fr rep_n c._n 8._o because_o it_o have_v respect_n to_o no_o other_o cause_n than_o the_o bare_a fact_n itself_o from_o whence_o arise_v a_o kind_n of_o natural_a right_n as_o the_o dominion_n of_o all_o thing_n at_o first_o begin_v by_o preoccupancy_n a_o impression_n whereof_o we_o have_v yet_o remain_v in_o such_o creature_n as_o be_v natural_o wild_a whether_o they_o live_v on_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o sea_n or_o in_o the_o air_n which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v they_o that_o first_o take_v they_o as_o those_o thing_n also_o which_o be_v take_v in_o war_n beside_o those_o thing_n be_v presume_v to_o be_v take_v from_o a_o enemy_n that_o be_v take_v from_o the_o subject_n of_o a_o enemy_n 3._o hist_o gâ—_n l._n 3._o as_o dercyllides_n in_o xenophon_n argue_v since_o pharnabazus_n be_v a_o enemy_n to_o the_o lacedaemonian_n and_o mania_n subject_n to_o pharnabazus_n therefore_o be_v the_o good_n of_o mania_n lawful_a prize_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n iii_o when_o movable_a good_n be_v say_v to_o be_v take_v moreover_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n thing_n be_v then_o say_v to_o be_v take_v in_o war_n when_o they_o be_v so_o detain_v from_o we_o that_o we_o be_v deprive_v of_o any_o probable_a hope_n to_o recover_v they_o and_o be_v no_o long_o able_a to_o pursue_v they_o as_o pomponius_n determine_v the_o like_a question_n and_o this_o in_o thing_n movable_a be_v to_o be_v presume_v as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v carry_v into_o the_o enemy_n garrison_n a_o thing_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v lose_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o it_o be_v say_v to_o return_v after_o it_o have_v be_v lose_v but_o may_v be_v say_v to_o return_v as_o soon_o as_o it_o come_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o empire_n from_o whence_o it_o be_v take_v that_o be_v as_o soon_o as_o it_o come_v within_o our_o garrison_n nay_o paulus_n the_o lawyer_n do_v plain_o aver_v that_o man_n to_o be_v take_v that_o be_v carry_v out_o of_o our_o bound_n and_o pomponius_n declare_v that_o man_n to_o be_v take_v in_o war_n who_o our_o enemy_n have_v apprehend_v from_o out_o of_o our_o garrison_n have_v lead_v into_o their_o own_o for_o until_o he_o be_v secure_v within_o their_o garrison_n he_o remain_v a_o citizen_n or_o subject_n of_o we_o now_o by_o this_o law_n of_o nation_n
afterward_o as_o the_o discipline_n grow_v more_o remiss_a so_o this_o licence_n of_o pillage_n be_v more_o willing_o grant_v to_o the_o soldier_n upon_o this_o ground_n lest_o whilst_o the_o victory_n be_v yet_o doubtful_a the_o greediness_n of_o the_o soldier_n shall_v make_v they_o neglect_v their_o enemy_n and_o over-hasty_o fall_v upon_o the_o prey_n which_o have_v often_o prove_v fatal_a to_o the_o conqueror_n when_o the_o castle_n volandum_n in_o armenia_n be_v take_v by_o corbulo_n tacitus_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o common_a people_n be_v sell_v but_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o spoil_n be_v the_o conqueror_n the_o same_o tacitus_n bring_v in_o suetonius_n encourage_v his_o soldier_n to_o pursue_v their_o enemy_n and_o not_o at_o all_o to_o mind_v the_o pillage_n assure_v they_o that_o the_o victory_n be_v ascertain_v the_o spoil_n shall_v be_v their_o own_o 2._o goth._n 2._o so_o in_o procopius_n we_o read_v that_o all_o the_o pillage_n take_v at_o picenum_n be_v bring_v to_o belisarius_n that_o he_o may_v divide_v to_o every_o man_n according_a to_o his_o merit_n the_o cause_n whereof_o be_v add_v for_o say_v he_o it_o be_v most_o unreasonable_a that_o whilst_o some_o with_o much_o toil_n and_o valour_n be_v kill_v the_o drone_n other_o without_o any_o labour_n or_o peril_n shall_v devour_v the_o honey_n 2._o vand._n l._n 2._o and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o soldier_n be_v much_o incense_v against_o solomon_n when_o he_o war_v against_o the_o levatae_fw-la because_o he_o detain_v from_o they_o the_o prey_n who_o excuse_v himself_o in_o that_o he_o do_v it_o for_o no_o other_o reason_n than_o that_o at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o war_n he_o may_v therewith_o reward_v every_o man_n according_a to_o his_o desert_n there_o be_v some_o thing_n of_o so_o small_a value_n that_o they_o be_v not_o worth_a the_o publication_n or_o expose_v to_o sale_n these_o be_v usual_o grant_v to_o those_o that_o take_v they_o such_o in_o the_o old_a roman_a commonwealth_n be_v a_o spear_n a_o javelin_n fodder_n fuel_n a_o bottle_n a_o pair_n of_o bellows_o a_o torch_n 14._o lib._n 16._o c._n 14._o and_o any_o thing_n else_o of_o less_o value_n than_o a_o small_a piece_n of_o silver_n for_o all_o these_o be_v express_o except_v in_o the_o military_a oath_n give_v to_o the_o soldier_n as_o we_o may_v read_v in_o gellius_n not_o much_o unlike_a be_v that_o which_o be_v allow_v to_o seaman_n and_o mariner_n although_o they_o be_v under_o pay_n 13._o gall._n constitut_o lib._n 20._o tit_n 13._o the_o french_a call_v this_o the_o spoil_n or_o pillage_n wherein_o be_v comprehend_v apparel_n bedding_n fuel_n gold_n also_o and_o silver_n under_o ten_o scute_v sometime_o the_o five_o part_n sometime_o the_o three_o hisp_n leges_fw-la hisp_n sometime_o half_a the_o prize_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n as_o it_o do_v in_o spain_n and_o the_o seven_o and_o sometime_o the_o ten_o to_o the_o general_n of_o the_o army_n the_o rest_n belong_v to_o they_o that_o take_v it_o except_z man_n of_o war_n with_o all_o their_o tackle_n which_o be_v always_o the_o king_n and_o so_o be_v all_o engine_n of_o war_n among_o the_o swede_n 285._o jo._n magn._n in_o his_o sweed_n hist_o consulatus_fw-la maris_fw-la cap._n 285._o in_o some_o place_n again_o regard_n be_v also_o have_v to_o the_o labour_n peril_n and_o charge_n that_o any_o man_n have_v be_v at_o and_o allowance_n be_v make_v in_o the_o partition_n of_o the_o spoil_n according_o in_o italy_n a_o three_o part_n of_o the_o ship_n take_v in_o fight_n be_v the_o master_n of_o the_o ship_n that_o take_v it_o and_o as_o much_o belong_v to_o they_o who_o good_n the_o conquer_a ship_n be_v lade_v withal_o and_o another_o three_o be_v they_o that_o fight_v and_o take_v she_o and_o sometime_o it_o fall_v out_o that_o they_o who_o at_o their_o own_o charge_n and_o peril_n maintain_v the_o fight_n do_v not_o carry_v away_o the_o prize_n but_o some_o part_n thereof_o be_v due_a to_o the_o state_n or_o to_o he_o at_o least_o that_o derive_v it_o from_o the_o state_n as_o in_o spain_n they_o that_o set_v out_o the_o ship_n upon_o their_o own_o charge_n hisp_n leg._n hisp_n yield_v a_o part_n of_o the_o spoil_n take_v to_o the_o king_n and_o a_o part_n to_o the_o admiral_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o france_n the_o admiral_n claim_v the_o ten_o part_n so_o also_o in_o holland_n but_o there_o the_o state_n first_o take_v the_o five_o part_n to_o themselves_o thus_o it_o be_v at_o sea_n but_o at_o land_n in_o the_o sack_n of_o town_n and_o in_o battle_n every_o man_n usurp_v that_o which_o he_o take_v to_o himself_o and_o in_o excursion_n into_o the_o enemy_n country_n by_o party_n whatsoever_o be_v so_o take_v be_v divide_v among_o they_o that_o take_v it_o according_a to_o every_o man_n merit_n and_o dignity_n xxv_o to_o what_o use_n these_o serve_v what_o hitherto_o have_v be_v say_v serve_v to_o this_o end_n that_o if_o in_o any_o nation_n not_o embroil_v with_o war_n any_o suit_n or_o controversy_n arise_v concern_v any_o thing_n take_v in_o war_n the_o thing_n shall_v be_v adjudge_v unto_o he_o to_o who_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o that_o people_n from_o who_o part_n they_o be_v take_v shall_v determine_v but_o if_o nothing_o can_v be_v thereby_o prove_v then_o by_o the_o common_a right_n of_o nation_n the_o thing_n so_o take_v shall_v be_v adjudge_v to_o the_o state_n or_o people_n themselves_o if_o at_o least_o it_o be_v take_v in_o the_o act_n of_o war._n for_o by_o what_o we_o have_v already_o say_v it_o be_v plain_a 8._o lib._n 5._o c._n 8._o that_o what_o quintilian_n sometime_o say_v in_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o theban_n do_v not_o always_o prove_v true_a as_o to_o what_o may_v be_v bring_v under_o the_o trial_n of_o the_o law_n the_o right_a of_o war_n avail_v nothing_o neither_o be_v it_o a_o good_a plea_n to_o say_v it_o be_v gain_v by_o arm_n unless_o by_o arm_n we_o can_v retain_v it_o xxvi_o whether_o thing_n take_v without_o the_o territory_n of_o either_o party_n be_v lawful_a prize_n but_o whatsoever_o be_v not_o the_o enemy_n though_o it_o be_v find_v with_o the_o enemy_n shall_v not_o be_v adjudge_v to_o they_o that_o take_v it_o for_o this_o as_o i_o have_v already_o say_v be_v neither_o agreeable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n nor_o be_v introduce_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n so_o the_o roman_n in_o livy_n answer_v prusias_n if_o the_o land_n in_o question_n be_v not_o king_n antiochus_n be_v neither_o can_v it_o by_o conquest_n belong_v to_o the_o roman_n but_o if_o the_o enemy_n have_v any_o right_a or_o interest_n in_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v annex_v to_o the_o possession_n as_o if_o it_o be_v take_v by_o he_o as_o a_o pledge_n for_o some_o debt_n or_o if_o it_o be_v retain_v by_o he_o for_o the_o performance_n of_o some_o covenant_n for_o service_n or_o the_o like_a that_o be_v for_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o enemy_n 55._o see_v above_o ch._n 4._o sect._n 7._o and_o this_o ch._n sect_n 5._o livy_n lib._n 55._o in_o all_o or_o any_o of_o these_o case_n i_o see_v no_o reason_n but_o that_o whatsoever_o be_v the_o enemy_n be_v transfer_v unto_o the_o conqueror_n this_o also_o be_v sometime_o controvert_v whether_o person_n or_o good_n take_v without_o the_o territory_n of_o either_o of_o those_o prince_n or_o people_n that_o be_v at_o war_n against_o each_o other_o be_v they_o that_o take_v they_o whereunto_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o if_o we_o respect_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n only_o no_o place_n can_v give_v a_o enemy_n protection_n for_o as_o we_o have_v already_o say_v every_o where_o a_o enemy_n be_v find_v may_v be_v kill_v but_o yet_o he_o that_o have_v the_o supreme_a power_n in_o that_o place_n may_v at_o his_o pleasure_n prohibit_v the_o prosecution_n of_o a_o enemy_n within_o his_o own_o dominion_n and_o in_o case_n of_o disobedience_n may_v require_v satisfaction_n as_o for_o a_o injury_n do_v against_o himself_o the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v concern_v dear_a take_v in_o another_o man_n ground_n that_o they_o be_v his_o that_o take_v they_o but_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o he_o who_o ground_n it_o be_v to_o prohibit_v his_o access_n unto_o they_o xxvii_o this_o right_a how_o proper_a to_o a_o solemn_a war._n but_o this_o external_a right_n of_o gain_v thing_n take_v in_o war_n be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n so_o peculiar_a to_o a_o solemn_a war_n that_o in_o other_o war_n it_o can_v take_v no_o place_n for_o in_o other_o war_n among_o foreigner_n the_o right_a to_o a_o thing_n be_v not_o gain_v by_o force_n of_o the_o war_n but_o only_o in_o compensation_n of_o some_o debt_n which_o can_v otherwise_o be_v recover_v but_o in_o civil_a war_n whether_o they_o be_v
it_o for_o what_o livy_n say_v of_o such_o as_o surrender_v themselves_o namely_o all_o be_v give_v up_o to_o the_o conqueror_n so_o that_o what_o he_o will_v take_v to_o himself_o and_o wherein_o and_o how_o far_o forth_o he_o will_v punish_v the_o conquer_a be_v whole_o in_o his_o own_o power_n the_o very_a same_o in_o a_o solemn_a war_n may_v be_v say_v of_o those_o that_o be_v conquer_v thus_o polybius_n they_o that_o yield_v themselves_o up_o to_o the_o roman_n 8._o see_v book_n 1._o chap._n 4_o sect._n 8._o book_n 2._o ch._n 5._o sect._n 31._o book_n 3._o ch._n 5._o sect._n 2._o and_o ch._n 20._o sect._n 49._o vid._n ch._n 7._o sect._n 8._o do_v yield_v up_o in_o the_o first_o place_n their_o country_n and_o what_o town_n and_o city_n soever_o be_v therein_o together_o with_o all_o their_o man_n and_o woman_n that_o be_v in_o they_o then_o all_o their_o river_n and_o port_n and_o general_o all_o thing_n sacred_a and_o religious_a so_o that_o the_o roman_n be_v lord_n of_o all_o 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the_o alban_n enjoy_v be_v claim_v by_o the_o roman_n whence_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o thessalian_n stand_v full_o discharge_v of_o the_o hundred_o talent_n for_o which_o they_o stand_v bind_v to_o the_o theban_n when_o alexander_n the_o great_a conquer_a the_o theban_n have_v by_o the_o right_n of_o conquest_n forgive_v the_o debt_n neither_o be_v that_o altogether_o true_a that_o quintilian_n urge_v in_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o theban_n namely_o that_o that_o only_o be_v the_o conqueror_n which_o he_o can_v lay_v hold_v on_o but_o that_o right_o which_o be_v incorporeal_a can_v be_v apprehend_v by_o any_o man_n hand_n and_o again_o that_o the_o condition_n of_o a_o heir_n be_v one_o thing_n and_o that_o of_o a_o conqueror_n be_v another_o because_o to_o the_o heir_n may_v pass_v the_o right_n but_o to_o the_o conqueror_n the_o thing_n for_o he_o that_o be_v master_n of_o the_o person_n be_v also_o master_n of_o the_o estate_n and_o of_o all_o the_o right_n belong_v to_o the_o person_n he_o that_o be_v himself_o possess_v as_o a_o slave_n can_v be_v say_v to_o possess_v any_o thing_n to_o himself_o neither_o can_v he_o have_v any_o thing_n in_o his_o power_n to_o dispose_v of_o who_o have_v no_o power_n to_o dispose_v of_o himself_o yea_o though_o the_o conqueror_n do_v grant_v unto_o the_o conquer_a jus_fw-la civitatis_fw-la the_o right_n of_o be_v a_o city_n yet_o may_v he_o take_v away_o and_o reserve_v to_o himself_o whatsoever_o he_o please_v out_o of_o what_o be_v the_o city_n it_o be_v in_o his_o own_o power_n to_o prescribe_v what_o bound_n he_o will_v to_o his_o own_o bounty_n thus_o caesar_n in_o imitation_n of_o that_o fact_n of_o alexander_n to_o the_o thessalian_n forgive_v a_o very_a great_a debt_n to_o the_o dyrrhachines_n which_o they_o owe_v to_o another_o city_n of_o the_o adverse_a part_n but_o here_o it_o may_v have_v be_v object_v that_o that_o war_n of_o caesar_n be_v not_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n with_o that_o concern_v which_o this_o law_n of_o nation_n be_v institute_v so_o also_o we_o read_v that_o mark_n anthony_n command_v the_o tyrian_n to_o restore_v unto_o the_o jew_n what_o belong_v unto_o they_o as_o not_o be_v grant_v unto_o they_o by_o the_o roman_a senate_n and_o whereof_o they_o be_v possess_v before_o the_o war_n make_v with_o cassius_n as_o josephus_n relate_v it_o chap._n ix_o of_o the_o right_n of_o those_o that_o return_v out_o of_o captivity_n i._o the_o original_n of_o the_o word_n postliminium_fw-la ii_o in_o what_o place_n this_o right_n take_v place_n iii_o by_o this_o right_n of_o postliminy_n some_o thing_n be_v say_v to_o return_v and_o some_o thing_n to_o be_v receive_v iv_o this_o right_o appertain_v both_o to_o war_n and_o peace_n and_o what_o if_o in_o the_o article_n of_o peace_n nothing_o be_v say_v v._o when_o a_o freeman_n during_o the_o war_n may_v return_v and_o be_v admit_v by_o this_o right_n vi_o what_o right_n he_o may_v receive_v and_o what_o he_o may_v not_o vii_o all_o right_n be_v recoverable_a from_o he_o viii_o why_o they_o that_o yield_v themselves_o be_v not_o admit_v to_o this_o right_n of_o postliminy_n ix_o when_o a_o people_n may_v obtain_v this_o right_n x._o in_o those_o that_o return_n by_o postliminy_n what_o thing_n be_v require_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n xi_o how_o servant_n be_v receive_v by_o postliminy_n how_o fugitive_n and_o how_o they_o be_v receive_v that_o be_v redeem_v xii_o whether_o a_o people_n former_o subject_v may_v recover_v their_o freedom_n by_o postliminy_n xiii_o that_o land_n may_v be_v receive_v by_o postliminy_n fourteen_o what_o difference_n be_v ancient_o make_v between_o thing_n movable_a xv._o what_o the_o law_n now_o determine_v concern_v thing_n movable_a xvi_o what_o thing_n may_v be_v receive_v that_o need_v not_o this_o right_n of_o postâ—iminy_n xvii_o that_o the_o civil_a law_n may_v change_v something_n among_o their_o own_o subject_n xviii_o how_o postliminy_n be_v observe_v between_o those_o that_o be_v not_o enemy_n xix_o when_o this_o right_n may_v be_v now_o in_o force_n i._o postliminium_fw-la what_o it_o be_v there_o be_v none_o of_o our_o modern_a lawyer_n who_o have_v write_v any_o thing_n solid_o either_o concern_v thing_n take_v from_o the_o enemy_n or_o concern_v the_o right_n due_a unto_o they_o who_o have_v be_v take_v prisoner_n yet_o have_v either_o by_o favour_n force_n or_o fraud_n escape_v and_o get_v home_o again_o the_o ancient_a roman_n have_v handle_v this_o question_n somewhat_o more_o accurate_o but_o yet_o ofttimes_o so_o confuse_o that_o the_o reader_n can_v distinguish_v between_o what_o be_v due_a by_o the_o roman_a civil_a law_n and_o what_o be_v due_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n concern_v the_o word_n postliminium_fw-la that_o opinion_n of_o servius_n be_v to_o be_v explode_v who_o hold_v that_o the_o latter_a part_n of_o the_o word_n signify_v nothing_o that_o of_o scaevola_n please_v better_a who_o make_v it_o a_o compound_n word_n of_o post_n which_o signify_v a_o return_n or_o come_v from_o beyond_o and_o limen_n or_o limb_n which_o signify_v proper_o the_o threshold_n of_o a_o house_n or_o the_o utmost_a bound_n or_o frontier_n of_o a_o country_n for_o limen_n and_o limb_n though_o they_o differ_v no_o less_o in_o flection_n than_o in_o termination_n as_o materia_fw-la and_o matery_n yet_o be_v they_o both_o derive_v from_o that_o old_a verb_n limo_fw-la which_o signify_v transverse_a or_o overthwart_o eunuch_n aenead_n l._n 12._o eunuch_n as_o servius_n upon_o virgil_n and_o donatus_n upon_o terence_n observe_v from_o whence_o limb_n oculis_fw-la aliquem_fw-la intueri_fw-la be_v to_o look_v a_o squint_a upon_o a_o man_n though_o by_o the_o latter_a use_n of_o the_o word_n limen_n be_v refer_v to_o thing_n private_a and_o limb_n to_o thing_n public_a as_o to_o the_o bound_n or_o border_n of_o kingdom_n for_o as_o isidore_n note_n all_o oblique_a or_o cross-way_n the_o ancient_n call_v lima_n from_o whence_o the_o 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general_a consent_n of_o nation_n grant_v that_o the_o right_n of_o postliminy_n take_v place_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o person_n that_o be_v a_o captive_n or_o any_o other_o thing_n that_o be_v capable_a of_o this_o right_n shall_v come_v within_o the_o guard_n or_o garrison_n of_o our_o friend_n and_o associate_n as_o pomponius_n speak_v or_o as_o paulus_n expound_v it_o by_o way_n of_o example_n as_o soon_o as_o he_o shall_v enter_v into_o any_o garrison_n that_o belong_v unto_o such_o a_o king_n or_o state_n as_o be_v our_o friend_n and_o companion_n in_o the_o same_o war._n for_o so_o indeed_o be_v these_o word_n friend_n and_o associate_n here_o to_o be_v understand_v not_o of_o any_o nation_n or_o king_n with_o who_o we_o be_v at_o peace_n but_o of_o such_o only_a as_o be_v so_o confederate_a with_o we_o that_o they_o be_v party_n in_o the_o same_o war_n into_o who_o garrison_n whosoever_o enter_v out_o of_o captivity_n shall_v enjoy_v his_o former_a right_n and_o be_v defend_v 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lib._n 5._o c._n 2._o 6._o diod._n sic._n exc_fw-la leg._n n._n 3._o plut._n vit._n flaminii_n the_o like_a provision_n be_v make_v for_o the_o friend_n of_o the_o carthaginian_n and_o therefore_o when_o some_o of_o the_o roman_n be_v take_v in_o the_o second_o punic_a war_n be_v sell_v by_o way_n of_o traffic_n into_o greece_n they_o be_v not_o admit_v to_o enjoy_v this_o right_n of_o postliminy_n because_o the_o grecian_n in_o that_o war_n stand_v neuter_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o they_o shall_v be_v first_o ransom_v before_o they_o can_v be_v set_v at_o liberty_n yea_o and_o although_o flaminius_n have_v conquer_v king_n philip_n have_v set_v all_o the_o city_n of_o greece_n at_o liberty_n yet_o will_v he_o not_o take_v away_o from_o their_o master_n by_o force_n those_o roman_a captive_n which_o have_v be_v former_o sell_v by_o the_o carthaginian_n unto_o the_o grecian_n but_o the_o achaian_n to_o gratify_v he_o for_o their_o liberty_n buy_v twelve_o hundred_o 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war._n neither_o may_v we_o altogether_o reject_v that_o of_o trophonius_n namely_o that_o this_o right_n of_o return_v out_o of_o captivity_n into_o freedom_n may_v be_v of_o use_n as_o well_o in_o peace_n as_o war_n though_o in_o a_o little_a different_a sense_n than_o as_o pomponius_n express_v it_o this_o right_n of_o postliminy_n in_o peace_n appertain_v unto_o those_o who_o be_v not_o conquer_v in_o war_n by_o force_n of_o arm_n but_o be_v through_o misfortune_n surprise_v within_o the_o enemy_n territory_n when_o the_o war_n unexpected_o break_v forth_o but_o to_o other_o captive_n there_o belong_v no_o such_o right_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n unless_o it_o be_v otherwise_o agree_v on_o by_o both_o party_n at_o the_o make_n of_o the_o peace_n as_o it_o be_v at_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o war_n between_o jonathan_n and_o bacchides_n record_v by_o josephus_n 2._o ant._n l._n 13._o c._n 2._o polybius_n among_o other_o article_n of_o the_o peace_n conclude_v and_o agree_v on_o 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not_o for_o these_o civil_a law_n without_o doubt_n as_o soon_o as_o any_o man_n be_v take_v prisoner_n by_o the_o enemy_n his_o good_n will_v present_o be_v they_o that_o have_v they_o in_o possession_n because_o qui_fw-la apud_fw-la host_n est_fw-la pro_fw-la nullo_n habetur_fw-la he_o that_o be_v under_o the_o enemy_n power_n be_v hold_v for_o none_o and_o then_o if_o he_o that_o be_v take_v shall_v return_v he_o shall_v receive_v nothing_o but_o such_o thing_n as_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n be_v due_a unto_o he_o by_o postliminy_n but_o that_o the_o good_n of_o a_o captive_n be_v confiscate_v and_o bring_v into_o the_o treasury_n in_o case_n he_o have_v no_o heir_n be_v a_o law_n peculiar_a to_o the_o roman_n only_o hitherto_o we_o have_v treat_v of_o thing_n that_o return_v now_o we_o shall_v speak_v of_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v receive_v by_o
to_o their_o people_n and_o if_o they_o do_v make_v war_n it_o be_v not_o for_o dominion_n but_o for_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o conquest_n now_o unto_o this_o ancient_a custom_n it_o be_v that_o st._n aug._n labour_v as_o much_o as_o in_o he_o lay_v to_o reduce_v we_o 15._o de_fw-fr civit._fw-la dei_fw-la l._n 4._o c._n 15._o let_v prince_n say_v he_o consider_v that_o it_o belong_v not_o to_o good_a king_n to_o take_v pride_n in_o the_o enlarge_a their_o dominion_n for_o as_o he_o there_o add_v major_a est_fw-la foelicitas_fw-la vicinum_fw-la habere_fw-la concordem_fw-la quam_fw-la malum_fw-la subjugare_fw-la bellantem_fw-la it_o be_v great_a happiness_n to_o have_v a_o good_a neighbour_n that_o be_v peaceable_a julian_n lib._n 5._o cont_n julian_n than_o to_o subdue_v a_o bad_a one_o that_o be_v troublesome_a upon_o which_o account_n it_o be_v that_o st._n cyril_n commend_v the_o hebrew_n king_n who_o always_o content_v themselves_o with_o their_o own_o bound_n without_o encroach_a on_o their_o neighbour_n which_o be_v the_o very_a sin_n for_o which_o the_o prophet_n amos_n do_v so_o severe_o reprove_v the_o ammonite_n iii_o which_o may_v be_v do_v either_o by_o intermix_v the_o conqueror_n with_o the_o conquer_a near_o unto_o this_o original_a draught_n of_o innocence_n come_v that_o prudent_a moderation_n use_v by_o the_o old_a roman_n what_o say_v seneca_n 34._o seneca_n lib._n de_fw-fr ira_fw-la c._n 34._o have_v our_o empire_n be_v have_v not_o a_o wholesome_a providence_n teach_v we_o to_o intermix_v the_o conquer_a with_o the_o conqueror_n our_o great_a founder_n romulus_n as_o claudius_n in_o tacitus_n tell_v we_o 1._o we_o annal._n l._n 5._o lib._n 1._o do_v so_o prevail_v by_o his_o wisdom_n that_o many_o people_n who_o the_o rise_a sun_n see_v his_o enemy_n the_o set_a sun_n see_v his_o subject_n and_o citizen_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o thing_n that_o do_v more_o ruin_n the_o lacedaemonian_n and_o the_o athenian_n than_o this_o that_o they_o always_o drive_v away_o the_o vanquish_a as_o stranger_n livy_n inform_v we_o that_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o rome_n be_v much_o augment_v by_o the_o reception_n of_o the_o conquer_a into_o their_o city_n whereof_o history_n afford_v we_o plenty_n of_o example_n as_o of_o the_o sabine_n the_o alban_n the_o latin_n and_o so_o of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o italian_a nation_n till_o at_o length_n caesar_n first_o lead_v the_o gaul_n in_o triumph_n and_o afterward_o admit_v they_o to_o be_v of_o his_o court_n and_o council_n cerialis_n in_o tacitus_n thus_o bespeak_v the_o gaul_n you_o yourselves_o be_v usual_o admit_v to_o command_v our_o legion_n you_o be_v they_o that_o govern_v not_o this_o only_a but_o other_o of_o our_o province_n there_o be_v no_o place_n of_o trust_n from_o which_o you_o be_v exclude_v wherefore_o as_o he_o there_o infer_v you_o ought_v in_o all_o reason_n to_o endeavour_v all_o you_o can_v to_o preserve_v that_o life_n and_o peace_n which_o you_o though_o vanquish_v do_v equal_o enjoy_v with_o we_o the_o victor_n nay_o which_o be_v yet_o more_o admirable_a by_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o emperor_n antoninus_n all_o that_o live_v within_o the_o circle_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n be_v make_v citizen_n of_o rome_n which_o be_v the_o very_a word_n of_o ulpian_n whereupon_o rome_n be_v then_o account_v as_o modestinus_n affirm_v communis_fw-la patria_fw-la the_o common_a city_n or_o every_o man_n country_n whereof_o claudius_n thus_o huius_fw-la pacificis_fw-la debemus_fw-la moribus_fw-la omnes_fw-la quod_fw-la cuncti_fw-la gens_fw-la una_fw-la sumus_fw-la to_o the_o honour_n of_o this_o prince_n it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o of_o the_o world_n he_o but_o one_o nation_n make_v iu._n or_o by_o leave_v the_o government_n to_o the_o vanquish_a another_o kind_n of_o moderation_n use_v in_o victory_n be_v when_o the_o government_n be_v leave_v in_o the_o same_o hand_n either_o of_o king_n or_o people_n who_o hold_v it_o before_o the_o conquest_n thus_o hercules_n bespeak_v king_n priamus_n hostess_fw-la parvi_fw-la victus_fw-la lacrymis_fw-la troad_n sen._n troad_n suscipe_fw-la dixit_fw-la rector_n habenas_fw-la patrioque_fw-la sede_fw-la celsus_fw-la solio_fw-la sed_fw-la sceptra_fw-la fide_fw-la meliore_fw-la tene_fw-la by_o a_o weak_a enemy_n tear_n o'erta'en_v take_v say_v he_o thy_o crown_n again_o ascend_v thy_o father_n throne_n on_o high_a but_o henceforth_o rule_v more_o moderate_o so_o also_o the_o same_o hercules_n have_v conquer_v neleus_n give_v his_o kingdom_n to_o nestor_n his_o son_n thus_o the_o persian_a king_n be_v wont_a to_o leave_v their_o kingdom_n to_o the_o king_n who_o they_o have_v conquer_v content_v themselves_o with_o the_o bare_a victory_n thus_o do_v cyrus_n to_o armenius_n alexander_n to_o porus._n 21._o de_fw-fr clem._n lib._n 1._o c._n 21._o and_o this_o be_v it_o that_o seneca_n high_o commend_v in_o a_o conqueror_n nihil_fw-la ex_fw-la rege_fw-la victo_fw-la praeter_fw-la gloriam_fw-la sumere_fw-la to_o take_v nothing_o from_o the_o conquer_a beside_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o conquest_n this_o be_v triumph_n over_o victory_n itself_o and_o to_o declare_v that_o there_o be_v nothing_o to_o be_v find_v among_o the_o conquer_a worthy_a of_o the_o conqueror_n acceptance_n but_o the_o conquest_n itself_o thus_o pompey_n have_v overcome_v tigranes_n leave_v he_o a_o part_n of_o his_o kingdom_n to_o govern_v as_o eutropius_n inform_v we_o and_o herein_o be_v antigonus_n extol_v by_o polybius_n that_o have_v bring_v sparta_n under_o his_o absolute_a power_n 6._o lib._n 6._o he_o give_v the_o citizen_n the_o free_a use_n of_o both_o their_o ancient_a law_n and_o liberty_n for_o which_o act_n his_o praise_n be_v high_o celebrate_v throughout_o all_o greece_n thus_o do_v the_o roman_n give_v unto_o the_o cappadocian_o who_o they_o have_v conquer_v a_o power_n to_o use_v what_o form_n of_o government_n they_o please_v and_o many_o nation_n we_o may_v read_v of_o which_o be_v conquer_a be_v notwithstanding_o leave_v free_a thus_o be_v carthage_n leave_v at_o liberty_n to_o live_v under_o their_o own_o law_n as_o the_o rhodian_o plead_v to_o the_o roman_n after_o the_o second_o punic_a war._n 32._o livy_n lib_n 32._o and_o when_o the_o aetolian_n tell_v quintius_n that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o firm_a peace_n until_o philip_n of_o macedon_n be_v drive_v out_o of_o his_o kingdom_n he_o answer_v that_o they_o be_v too_o severe_a in_o their_o censure_n as_o be_v unmindful_a of_o the_o common_a custom_n of_o the_o roman_n who_o for_o the_o most_o part_n spare_v those_o who_o they_o have_v in_o their_o power_n add_v this_o withal_o adversus_fw-la victos_fw-la mitissimum_fw-la quemque_fw-la maximum_fw-la animum_fw-la habere_fw-la that_o he_o who_o be_v mild_a towards_o the_o conquer_a be_v ever_o hold_v most_o magnanimous_a v._o sometime_o by_o keep_v of_o garrison_n sometime_o though_o the_o empire_n be_v restore_v yet_o the_o conqueror_n security_n be_v also_o 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elephant_n the_o prohibit_v the_o use_n of_o weapon_n the_o raise_n of_o
army_n and_o such_o like_a whereby_o the_o conqueror_n may_v be_v secure_v vii_o what_o profit_n arise_v from_o this_o moderation_n but_o that_o the_o conqueror_n shall_v leave_v the_o conquer_a possess_v of_o his_o own_o kingdom_n stand_v not_o with_o humanity_n only_o but_o sometime_o with_o policy_n among_o numa_n law_n this_o be_v commend_v for_o one_o that_o in_o those_o sacred_a rite_n wherewith_o they_o worship_v their_o god_n terminus_n 15._o plut._n quaest_n rom._n qu._n 15._o he_o will_v have_v no_o blood_n spill_v thereby_o intimate_v that_o nothing_o can_v more_o conduce_v to_o a_o last_a peace_n between_o neighbour_n prince_n than_o to_o content_a to_o live_v themselves_o within_o their_o own_o bound_n it_o be_v very_o well_o say_v of_o florus_n difficilius_fw-la est_fw-la provincias_fw-la obtinere_fw-la quam_fw-la facere_fw-la viribus_fw-la parantur_fw-la jure_fw-la retinentur_fw-la it_o be_v much_o more_o difficult_a to_o keep_v province_n than_o to_o make_v they_o for_o 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by_o a_o dry_a ox_n hide_n which_o be_v press_v down_o with_o our_o foot_n on_o the_o one_o side_n rise_v instant_o on_o the_o other_o and_o titus_n quintius_n in_o livy_n by_o a_o tortoise_n 1._o lib._n 27._o val._n max._n 4._o 1._o who_o whilst_o he_o gather_v himself_o up_o within_o his_o shell_n be_v safe_a but_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o thrust_v out_o any_o one_o part_n he_o be_v expose_v to_o danger_n plutarch_n thus_o relate_v that_o when_o the_o achaian_n consult_v about_o the_o take_n of_o the_o island_n zant_n he_o dissuade_v from_o it_o tell_v they_o that_o it_o be_v a_o dangerous_a attempt_n if_o like_o the_o tortoise_n they_o thrust_v their_o head_n beyond_o peloponnesus_n and_o herein_o be_v that_o of_o old_a hesiod_n verify_v which_o plato_n likewise_o thus_o apply_v 3_o plato_n de_fw-fr leg._n 3_o dimidium_fw-la plus_fw-la toto_fw-la that_o sometime_o it_o be_v better_a to_o take_v up_o with_o the_o one_o half_a than_o to_o covet_v the_o whole_a when_o some_o nation_n as_o appian_n note_n will_v willing_o have_v annex_v themselves_o to_o the_o roman_a empire_n they_o be_v refuse_v and_o over_o other_o nation_n they_o think_v it_o fit_a to_o appoint_v king_n than_o to_o unite_v themselves_o as_o province_n and_o in_o the_o judgement_n of_o scipio_n africanus_n the_o roman_a empire_n be_v in_o his_o time_n of_o so_o large_a a_o extent_n that_o as_o to_o effect_v more_o may_v well_o be_v think_v greediness_n so_o if_o they_o can_v but_o keep_v what_o they_o have_v they_o may_v be_v abundant_o happy_a wherefore_o that_o prayer_n whereby_o in_o their_o solemn_a purgation_n they_o invoke_v the_o god_n to_o prosper_v and_o enlarge_v their_o empire_n he_o so_o change_v that_o he_o pray_v only_o that_o they_o will_v preserve_v it_o in_o perpetual_a peace_n and_o safety_n which_o the_o emperor_n augustus_n think_v worthy_a his_o imitation_n and_o be_v therefore_o commend_v by_o dion_n for_o that_o he_o do_v never_o attempt_v any_o new_a conquest_n esteem_v that_o which_o he_o have_v already_o get_v to_o be_v sufficient_a viii_o example_n of_o the_o change_n of_o government_n among_o the_o conquer_a the_o lacedaemonian_n yea_o and_o the_o athenian_n also_o in_o their_o golden_a age_n never_o challenge_v the_o sovereign_a power_n over_o any_o city_n that_o they_o take_v by_o war_n only_o they_o require_v that_o they_o shall_v mould_v their_o government_n according_a to_o their_o own_o form_n for_o the_o lacedaemonian_n use_v a_o aristocratical_a government_n wherein_o a_o few_o of_o the_o best_a govern_v the_o rest_n but_o the_o athenian_n use_v a_o democratical_a whereby_o the_o government_n be_v whole_o settle_v in_o the_o people_n 7._o lib._n 4._o de_fw-fr rep._n cap._n 11._o lib._n 5._o cap._n 7._o as_o thucydides_n isocrates_n and_o demosthenes_n teach_v we_o nay_o aristotle_n himself_o confirm_v as_o much_o in_o several_a place_n tacitus_n record_v the_o like_v do_v by_o artabanus_n at_o seleucia_n 6._o seleucia_n ann._n 6._o who_o assign_v the_o government_n of_o the_o common_a people_n to_o the_o nobleman_n according_a to_o his_o own_o use_n and_o custom_n for_o he_o judge_v it_o the_o next_o way_n to_o liberty_n to_o leave_v it_o in_o the_o people_n as_o to_o leave_v it_o in_o a_o few_o be_v the_o next_o way_n to_o tyranny_n but_o whether_o these_o alteration_n in_o government_n do_v conduce_v any_o thing_n to_o the_o security_n of_o the_o conqueror_n be_v not_o our_o purpose_n in_o this_o place_n to_o determine_v ix_o if_o the_o empire_n be_v assume_v to_o leave_v some_o part_n thereof_o to_o the_o conquer_a but_o in_o case_n it_o be_v not_o think_v safe_a for_o the_o conqueror_n to_o leave_v the_o conquer_a altogether_o free_a yet_o may_v the_o matter_n be_v so_o moderate_v that_o some_o part_n of_o the_o government_n may_v be_v leave_v to_o they_o or_o their_o king_n with_o a_o reservation_n of_o some_o other_o part_n to_o the_o conqueror_n tacitus_n tell_v we_o that_o it_o be_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o roman_n to_o make_v use_n of_o king_n themselves_o as_o instrument_n of_o subjection_n antiochus_n be_v say_v to_o be_v romans_z inservientium_fw-la regum_fw-la ditissimus_fw-la the_o rich_a of_o all_o the_o king_n that_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o roman_n the_o like_a we_o read_v in_o the_o commentary_n upon_o musonius_n namely_o of_o some_o king_n that_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o roman_n so_o in_o lucan_n atque_fw-la omnis_fw-la latio_fw-la quae_fw-la seruit_fw-la purpura_fw-la ferro_fw-la and_o every_o king_n who_o rome_n vast_a power_n command_v thus_o do_v the_o sceptre_n continue_v among_o the_o jew_n in_o the_o sanhedrim_n after_o archelaus_n confiscation_n and_o evagoras_n king_n of_o cyrus_n as_o diodorus_n testify_v tell_v the_o king_n of_o persia_n 15._o lib._n 15._o that_o he_o will_v obey_v he_o but_o as_o one_o king_n obey_v another_o and_o when_o darius_n be_v overcome_v alexander_n be_v willing_a to_o restore_v he_o to_o his_o kingdom_n but_o upon_o this_o condition_n 17._o lib._n 17._o that_o he_o may_v command_v other_o but_o obey_v he_o only_o such_o king_n there_o be_v also_o ancient_o in_o italy_n who_o though_o they_o rule_v other_o yet_o be_v themselves_o subject_a to_o other_o king_n so_o in_o aeschylus_n we_o read_v that_o among_o the_o persian_n there_o be_v reges_fw-la regis_fw-la magni_fw-la subices_fw-la petty_a king_n 3._o leunclav_n lib._n 18._o lib._n 1._o c._n 3._o §_o 17._o lib._n 3._o c._n 8._o §_o 3._o that_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o great_a king_n as_o there_o be_v now_o also_o among_o the_o turk_n now_o as_o concern_v the_o manner_n how_o a_o empire_n may_v be_v mix_v we_o have_v already_o treat_v but_o sometime_o a_o part_n of_o a_o kingdom_n be_v take_v away_o the_o rest_n be_v leave_v to_o the_o conquer_a as_o be_v usual_a after_o the_o conquest_n to_o take_v away_o some_o part_n of_o the_o field_n and_o to_o leave_v another_o part_n to_o the_o ancient_a occupant_n x._o or_o at_o least_o some_o liberty_n yet_o when_o the_o conquer_a be_v altogether_o deprive_v of_o their_o empire_n may_v there_o be_v leave_v unto_o they_o power_n over_o their_o private_a estate_n and_o some_o small_a thing_n that_o be_v public_a as_o their_o own_o law_n custom_n and_o magistrate_n thus_o philo_n in_o his_o embassy_n to_o caius_n say_v that_o augustus_n be_v no_o less_o careful_a to_o preserve_v the_o law_n peculiar_a to_o every_o nation_n than_o to_o preserve_v the_o law_n proper_a to_o the_o roman_n so_o we_o read_v also_o in_o pliny_n that_o in_o bythinia_n 113._o lib._n 10._o ep._n 56._o &_o 14._o lib._n 3._o ep._n 113._o be_v a_o proconsulary_a province_n the_o city_n apimaea_n retain_v this_o privilege_n that_o they_o govern_v their_o commonwealth_n at_o their_o own_o pleasure_n and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o it_o be_v grant_v they_o that_o they_o may_v choose_v their_o own_o magistrate_n and_o their_o own_o senate_n the_o city_n sinope_n though_o
captivis_fw-la who_o be_v first_o take_v by_o robber_n do_v afterward_o escape_v unto_o the_o enemy_n namely_o that_o it_o be_v true_a that_o he_o be_v take_v away_o 122._o aegid_a regius_n de_fw-fr act._n supern_n do_v 31._o dub_v 7._o n._n 122._o neither_o be_v his_o have_v be_v among_o enemy_n nor_o that_o he_o do_v return_v back_o by_o postliminy_n any_o impediment_n unto_o he_o as_o to_o that_o thing_n the_o very_a same_o answer_n from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n may_v serve_v concern_v he_o who_o be_v take_v in_o a_o unjust_a war_n and_o afterward_o either_o in_o a_o just_a war_n or_o by_o some_o other_o mean_n come_v under_o the_o power_n of_o another_o for_o as_o to_o that_o which_o we_o here_o call_v internal_a right_n there_o be_v no_o difference_n between_o a_o unjust_a war_n 10._o can._n 10._o and_o piracy_n or_o robbery_n and_o according_a to_o this_o opinion_n do_v gregorius_n neocaesariensis_n frame_v his_o answer_n be_v consult_v with_o concern_v the_o good_n of_o some_o of_o his_o citizen_n which_o after_o they_o have_v be_v take_v away_o by_o the_o barbarian_n be_v receive_v by_o some_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o pontus_n ii_o example_n wherefore_o thing_n so_o take_v aught_o in_o honesty_n and_o conscience_n to_o be_v restore_v to_o their_o first_o owner_n as_o be_v unjust_o take_v away_o which_o we_o see_v frequent_o do_v livy_n have_v declare_v how_o the_o volsci_n and_o aequi_n have_v be_v conquer_v by_o lucius_n lucretius_n tricipitinus_n say_v 3._o lib._n 3._o that_o the_o spoil_n be_v bring_v and_o expose_v to_o public_a view_n in_o the_o field_n of_o mars_n that_o every_o man_n may_v within_o the_o space_n of_o three_o day_n find_v out_o his_o own_o and_o take_v it_o away_o 10._o lib._n 10._o the_o same_o livy_n in_o another_o place_n have_v relate_v the_o victory_n get_v over_o the_o volsci_n by_o the_o dictator_n posthumius_fw-la tell_v we_o that_o he_o restore_v a_o part_n of_o the_o spoil_n to_o such_o as_o know_v their_o own_o of_o another_o part_n whereof_o he_o make_v portsale_n and_o elsewhere_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o two_o day_n be_v allow_v for_o every_o man_n to_o come_v in_o and_o to_o lay_v claim_n to_o his_o own_o good_n and_o in_o another_o place_n have_v recite_v the_o joyful_a victory_n which_o the_o samnite_n get_v over_o the_o campane_n wherein_o there_o be_v take_v seven_o thousand_o four_o hundred_o of_o they_o prisoner_n and_o a_o very_a great_a booty_n from_o their_o associate_n he_o likewise_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o right_a owner_n be_v summon_v by_o proclamation_n to_o come_v in_o by_o a_o certain_a day_n to_o find_v out_o and_o receive_v back_o their_o own_o good_n the_o like_a fact_n he_o record_v of_o the_o roman_n for_o the_o samnite_n endeavour_v to_o possess_v themselves_o of_o interamna_n a_o colony_n of_o the_o roman_n but_o not_o able_a to_o keep_v it_o have_v plunder_v the_o city_n and_o depopulate_v the_o country_n and_o drive_v away_o before_o they_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o man_n cattle_n and_o other_o thing_n fall_v unexpected_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o roman_a consul_n in_o his_o return_n from_o luceria_n who_o recover_v the_o spoil_n and_o pursue_v the_o samnite_n with_o great_a slaughter_n at_o last_o expose_v all_o he_o have_v get_v to_o open_a view_n send_v out_o his_o edict_n that_o every_o man_n may_v come_v in_o and_o receive_v his_o own_o the_o same_o author_n speak_v of_o the_o prey_n take_v by_o cornelius_n scipio_n at_o ilippa_n a_o city_n in_o portugal_n say_v all_o which_o be_v expose_v to_o view_v before_o the_o city_n every_o man_n have_v leave_v grant_v to_o search_v out_o and_o take_v away_o what_o be_v his_o own_o the_o rest_n be_v deliver_v to_o the_o quaestor_n to_o make_v sale_n of_o which_o be_v present_o do_v and_o the_o money_n divide_v among_o the_o soldier_n so_o again_o after_o the_o battle_n fight_v by_o titus_n gracchus_n at_o beneventum_n 24._o lib._n 24._o the_o whole_a prey_n except_o the_o prisoner_n be_v divide_v among_o the_o soldier_n but_o the_o cattle_n be_v preserve_v which_o the_o right_a owner_n have_v liberty_n give_v they_o within_o thirty_o day_n to_o find_v out_o and_o to_o recover_v the_o like_a do_v polybius_n record_v of_o l._n aemilius_n who_o have_v conquer_v the_o gaul_n 2._o hist_o l._n 2._o restore_v all_o the_o spoil_n to_o they_o from_o who_o it_o have_v be_v take_v the_o very_a same_o do_v plutarch_n puni_fw-la plut._n apotheg_n appian_n puni_fw-la appian_n and_o diodorus_n testify_v of_o scipio_n the_o african_a who_o have_v take_v carthage_n â—â—funded_v their_o many_o rich_a present_n which_o the_o carthaginian_n have_v take_v from_o the_o city_n of_o sicily_n and_o elsewhere_o and_o bring_v thither_o with_o who_o agree_v valerius_n â—â—aximus_fw-la concern_v the_o same_o scipio_n 6._o lib._n 1._o c._n 1._o n_o 6._o who_o humanity_n say_v he_o be_v such_o that_o have_v take_v ca_n thage_n he_o send_v letter_n to_o all_o the_o city_n of_o sicily_n ver._n orat._n ver._n that_o they_o may_v by_o their_o ambassador_n receive_v back_o all_o the_o ornament_n of_o their_o several_a church_n which_o the_o carthaginian_n have_v take_v from_o they_o which_o he_o desire_v they_o to_o take_v care_n of_o and_o to_o set_v they_o up_o in_o their_o former_a station_n the_o like_a testimony_n do_v cicero_n give_v of_o he_o the_o carthaginian_n say_v he_o do_v former_o possess_v themselves_o of_o himera_n one_o of_o the_o beautiful_a and_o best_a adorn_v town_n in_o sicily_n scipio_n esteem_v it_o a_o act_n worthy_a of_o the_o roman_a people_n take_v care_n that_o the_o war_n be_v end_v and_o carthage_n take_v all_o the_o ancient_a ornament_n take_v at_o any_o time_n from_o the_o sicilian_n shall_v be_v restore_v unto_o they_o 37._o lib._n 37._o thus_o do_v the_o rhodian_o restore_v four_o ship_n to_o the_o athenian_n which_o they_o have_v recover_v from_o the_o macedonian_n who_o have_v former_o unjust_o take_v they_o from_o the_o athenian_n so_o likewise_o peneas_n the_o aetolian_a 31._o lib._n 31._o as_o livy_n record_v it_o think_v it_o sit_v that_o all_o that_o before_o the_o war_n begin_v have_v be_v the_o aetolian_n shall_v be_v restore_v unto_o they_o which_o titus_n quintius_n do_v not_o deny_v 33._o lib._n 33._o have_v the_o demand_n be_v only_o of_o city_n take_v in_o war_n and_o have_v not_o the_o aetolian_n first_o break_v the_o law_n of_o friendship_n nay_o even_o those_o good_n that_o be_v at_o first_o consecrate_v to_o the_o temple_n at_o ephesus_n 13._o strab._n l._n 13._o which_o afterward_o their_o king_n make_v their_o own_o the_o roman_n cause_v to_o be_v restore_v to_o their_o former_a condition_n iii_o whether_o any_o thing_n may_v be_v deduct_v but_o what_o if_o such_o good_n so_o take_v shall_v come_v unto_o we_o by_o way_n of_o commerce_n may_v we_o not_o charge_v he_o from_o who_o they_o be_v take_v with_o so_o much_o as_o they_o cost_v we_o we_o may_v as_o we_o have_v already_o say_v 9_o say_v lib._n 2._o c._n 10._o §_o 9_o so_o far_o forth_o as_o the_o recovery_n of_o the_o possession_n of_o thing_n so_o desperate_o lose_v will_v probable_o have_v cost_v he_o from_o who_o they_o be_v take_v and_o if_o the_o charge_n may_v be_v require_v of_o he_o why_o may_v not_o our_o labour_n and_o peril_n also_o be_v value_v as_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v recover_v some_o precious_a jewel_n of_o another_o man_n out_o of_o the_o sea_n by_o dive_v unto_o the_o bottom_n very_o pertinent_a unto_o this_o be_v the_o story_n of_o abraham_n return_n from_o the_o conquest_n of_o the_o five_o king_n reduxit_fw-la omnes_fw-la illas_fw-la res_fw-la he_o bring_v back_o all_o those_o thing_n 24._o gen._n 13.16_o verse_n 20_o 21_o 22_o 23_o 24._o say_v moses_n i_o e._n which_o the_o king_n have_v take_v away_o neither_o can_v we_o refer_v that_o offer_n which_o the_o king_n of_o sodom_n make_v unto_o abraham_n of_o restore_v the_o man_n and_o detain_v the_o good_n to_o himself_o to_o any_o other_o cause_n than_o this_o that_o those_o good_n shall_v be_v the_o reward_n of_o his_o pain_n and_o peril_n but_o that_o abraham_n refuse_v to_o take_v any_o thing_n to_o himself_o of_o the_o prey_n be_v a_o argument_n of_o he_o no_o less_o piety_n than_o magnanimity_n which_o be_v very_o well_o observe_v by_o jacchiade_n on_o the_o five_o chapter_n of_o daniel_n nevertheless_o of_o the_o thing_n so_o recover_v 5.17_o dan._n 5.17_o he_o give_v the_o ten_o to_o god_n as_o be_v due_a to_o himself_o by_o the_o reason_n of_o his_o necessary_a charge_n and_o some_o portion_n thereof_o he_o be_v willing_a shall_v be_v give_v to_o his_o companion_n st_n ambrose_n speak_v of_o this_o generous_a fact_n of_o abraham_n say_v the_o reward_n which_o he_o refuse_v from_o man_n he_o receive_v from_o god_n and_o sulpitius_n speak_v
of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o spoil_n say_v that_o abraham_n restore_v it_o to_o those_o from_o who_o it_o be_v take_v not_o much_o inferior_a to_o this_o of_o abraham_n be_v that_o heroic_a act_n of_o pittacus_n the_o mytilenean_n 1_o lib._n 6._o c._n 5._o n._n 1._o see_v above_o book_n 2._o chap._n 14._o sect._n 6._o book_n 3._o chap._n 4._o sect._n 1_o record_v by_o valerius_n maximus_n who_o be_v offer_v by_o the_o general_a consent_n of_o his_o countryman_n the_o one_o half_a of_o the_o land_n take_v from_o the_o athenian_n for_o his_o good_a conduct_n utter_o refuse_v it_o account_v it_o a_o dishonour_n to_o sully_v the_o glory_n of_o his_o victory_n by_o receive_v so_o large_a a_o part_n of_o the_o spoil_n iv_o the_o people_n or_o any_o part_n of_o they_o to_o be_v restore_v if_o unjust_o possess_v as_o thing_n take_v in_o a_o unjust_a war_n be_v to_o be_v restore_v to_o their_o right_a owner_n so_o a_o people_n or_o any_o part_n of_o a_o people_n ought_v to_o be_v restore_v to_o he_o or_o they_o who_o have_v the_o right_n of_o government_n over_o they_o or_o even_o to_o themselves_o if_o before_o any_o unjust_a force_n be_v use_v against_o they_o they_o be_v a_o free_a people_n thus_o we_o read_v of_o the_o exile_a saguntine_n that_o after_o six_o year_n they_o be_v restore_v by_o the_o roman_n 3._o roman_n liv._o lib._n 2._o lib._n 73._o xenoph._n hist_o graec._n lib._n 3._o so_o anthony_n in_o the_o war_n of_o cassius_n set_v at_o liberty_n all_o those_o that_o be_v make_v bondman_n and_o command_v their_o good_n to_o be_v restore_v unto_o they_o thus_o also_o be_v calatravia_n restore_v by_o the_o king_n of_o castille_n and_o other_o to_o the_o soldier_n from_o who_o the_o moor_n have_v before_o take_v it_o 6._o it_o see_v above_o ch._n 10._o sect._n 6._o and_o so_o also_o be_v sutrium_n take_v and_o restore_v in_o camillus_n time_n as_o livy_n testify_v 34._o testify_v liv._o lib._n 34._o the_o aeginetae_fw-la and_o melii_fw-la be_v likewise_o restore_v to_o their_o city_n by_o the_o lacedemoniaes_n the_o city_n of_o greece_n which_o have_v be_v subdue_v by_o the_o macedonian_n be_v set_v at_o liberty_n by_o flaminius_n who_o in_o the_o treaty_n he_o have_v with_o antiochus_n ambassador_n insist_v on_o this_o as_o a_o point_n of_o equity_n that_o the_o asian_a city_n which_o be_v call_v by_o greek_a name_n shall_v be_v restore_v to_o their_o liberty_n which_o seleucus_n the_o great_a grandfather_n of_o antiochus_n have_v take_v by_o force_n and_o which_o afterward_o be_v lose_v be_v retake_a by_o the_o same_o antiochus_n for_o say_v he_o those_o grecian_a colony_n be_v not_o send_v into_o aeolia_n and_o jonia_n to_o be_v enslave_v by_o the_o king_n but_o for_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o greek_a race_n and_o to_o propagate_v that_o ancient_a nation_n throughout_o the_o world_n v._o in_o what_o time_n the_o obligation_n to_o restitution_n cease_v it_o be_v sometime_o question_v how_o long_o a_o time_n be_v require_v before_o this_o obligation_n to_o restitution_n cease_v but_o this_o question_n if_o it_o happen_v to_o arise_v between_o subject_n of_o the_o same_o empire_n be_v best_a determine_v by_o their_o own_o law_n that_o be_v in_o case_n those_o law_n will_v admit_v of_o this_o internal_a right_n and_o not_o of_o that_o only_a which_o be_v external_n which_o by_o a_o prudent_a inspection_n into_o the_o word_n and_o purpose_n of_o those_o law_n may_v be_v collect_v but_o in_o case_n it_o be_v between_o such_o as_o be_v stranger_n to_o each_o other_o than_o it_o must_v be_v determine_v by_o a_o sole_a conjecture_n of_o the_o former_a owner_n dereliction_n 4._o lib._n 2._o c._n 4._o whereof_o we_o have_v sufficient_o speak_v as_o far_o as_o be_v fit_a for_o our_o purpose_n vi_o what_o if_o the_o right_n of_o war_n be_v dubious_a but_o if_o the_o right_n of_o war_n be_v very_o ambiguous_a it_o be_v best_o to_o follow_v the_o advice_n of_o aratus_n the_o sicyonian_a as_o king_n ferdinando_n do_v 14._o do_v mariana_n lib._n 29._o c._n 14._o who_o in_o part_n persuade_v the_o new_a occupant_n to_o accept_v of_o present_a money_n and_o to_o yield_v up_o their_o possession_n and_o in_o part_n persuade_v the_o ancient_a lord_n to_o accept_v of_o the_o value_n of_o their_o land_n rather_o than_o to_o hazard_v the_o recovery_n of_o they_o chap._n xvii_o of_o neuter_n in_o war._n i._o from_o neuter_n nothing_o be_v to_o be_v take_v away_o but_o in_o extreme_a necessity_n nor_o then_o without_o restore_v the_o full_a value_n ii_o example_n and_o precept_n of_o such_o abstinence_n iii_o what_o the_o duty_n of_o neuter_n be_v to_o such_o as_o be_v at_o war._n i._o from_o neuter_n nothing_o must_v be_v take_v but_o upon_o pure_a necessity_n though_o it_o may_v seem_v impertinent_a here_o to_o treat_v of_o such_o as_o be_v not_o concern_v in_o war_n because_o against_o these_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o war_n have_v no_o right_a at_o all_o yet_o see_v that_o many_o outrage_n be_v commit_v and_o many_o injury_n do_v against_o such_o if_o borderer_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o war_n upon_o pretence_n of_o necessity_n it_o will_v not_o be_v much_o amiss_o brief_o to_o repeat_v here_o what_o have_v elsewhere_o be_v deliver_v more_o at_o large_a 10._o large_a book_n 2._o ch._n 11._o sect._n 10._o in_o the_o first_o place_n therefore_o we_o must_v remember_v that_o it_o be_v require_v that_o that_o necessity_n that_o give_v we_o a_o kind_n of_o right_a to_o that_o which_o be_v proper_o another_o must_v be_v extreme_a second_o that_o there_o be_v not_o a_o like_a necessity_n in_o the_o right_a owner_n of_o the_o thing_n three_o if_o there_o be_v such_o a_o extreme_a necessity_n it_o be_v plain_a that_o we_o ought_v to_o take_v no_o more_o than_o what_o our_o present_a necessity_n require_v as_o for_o example_n if_o the_o bare_a custody_n be_v sufficient_a we_o ought_v to_o forbear_v the_o use_n if_o the_o use_n be_v necessary_a we_o ought_v to_o forbear_v the_o abuse_n if_o the_o abuse_n be_v necessary_a we_o ought_v to_o give_v the_o full_a value_n of_o it_o to_o the_o right_a owner_n ii_o example_n of_o abstinence_n and_o some_o precept_n moses_n be_v necessitate_v to_o pass_v with_o his_o israelite_n through_o idumaea_n promise_v first_o to_o pass_v only_o through_o their_o highway_n and_o not_o to_o hurt_v either_o their_o field_n or_o vineyard_n and_o in_o case_n they_o shall_v want_v water_n they_o will_v pay_v for_o it_o those_o famous_a general_n both_o of_o the_o greek_n and_o roman_n do_v the_o same_o the_o greek_n in_o xenophon_n xenophon_n xenophon_n under_o clearchus_n promise_v the_o persian_n that_o in_o pass_v through_o their_o country_n they_o will_v offend_v no_o man_n and_o if_o they_o may_v be_v supply_v with_o necessary_n for_o their_o money_n they_o will_v not_o forcible_o take_v either_o meat_n oâ—_n drink_v from_o any_o man_n thus_o do_v dercyllides_n pass_v with_o his_o army_n through_o country_n that_o be_v quiet_a without_o offence_n give_v to_o the_o provincial_n livy_n testify_v the_o same_o of_o king_n perseus_n that_o he_o pass_v into_o his_o own_o dominion_n through_o phthiotis_n achaia_n and_o thessaly_n without_o any_o damage_n or_o injury_n do_v to_o the_o country_n through_o which_o he_o past_a the_o self_n same_o do_v plutarch_n testify_v concern_v the_o passage_n of_o the_o army_n lead_v by_o agis_n the_o spartan_a into_o peloponnesus_n it_o be_v a_o pleasant_a spectacle_n say_v he_o to_o all_o the_o city_n of_o greece_n to_o see_v how_o civil_o and_o inoffensive_o they_o march_v and_o almost_o without_o noise_n the_o like_a testimony_n do_v he_o give_v to_o titus_n quintius_n flaminius_n thus_o vellejus_n write_v of_o silvius_n that_o he_o lead_v his_o army_n through_o calabria_n and_o apulia_n into_o campania_n so_o orderly_o and_o with_o such_o singular_a care_n of_o their_o fruit_n field_n city_n and_o people_n 2._o lib._n 2._o as_o if_o he_o have_v come_v into_o italy_n not_o as_o one_o meditate_v revenge_n but_o as_o a_o peacemaker_n manilia_n pro_fw-la lege_fw-la manilia_n tully_n speak_v of_o the_o great_a pompey_n say_v thus_o who_o legion_n come_v into_o asia_n so_o inoffensive_o that_o neither_o the_o hand_n of_o so_o great_a a_o multitude_n nor_o the_o print_n of_o their_o foot_n pomp_n plut._n pomp_n be_v observe_v to_o hurt_v any_o that_o live_v peaceable_o and_o understand_v that_o some_o of_o his_o soldier_n have_v misbehave_v themselves_o in_o their_o march_n sigillum_fw-la gladiis_fw-la eorum_fw-la imposuit_fw-la quod_fw-la qui_fw-la non_fw-la custodisset_fw-la be_v puniebatur_fw-la he_o seal_v up_o their_o sword_n in_o their_o scabbard_n which_o seal_v whosoever_o brake_n be_v severe_o punish_v 2._o lib._n 2._o strat._n c._n 2._o frontinus_n thus_o testify_v of_o domitian_n that_o be_v about_o to_o raise_v new_a fort_n and_o castle_n upon_o the_o
power_n to_o grant_v away_o even_o what_o be_v her_o own_o now_o the_o word_n of_o the_o oath_n may_v be_v so_o clear_a and_o so_o full_a as_o not_o to_o admit_v of_o any_o exception_n lege_fw-la legem_fw-la quae_fw-la te_fw-la jurejurando_fw-la obstrictum_fw-la tenet_fw-la read_v over_o your_o own_o law_n 3._o lib._n 5._o c._n 3._o say_v valerius_n maximus_n to_o the_o city_n of_o athens_n whereunto_o you_o stand_v bind_v by_o your_o oath_n and_o such_o law_n the_o roman_n hold_v as_o sacred_a because_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n be_v oblige_v by_o oath_n to_o keep_v they_o as_o cicero_n testify_v we_o find_v in_o livy_n a_o very_a pertinent_a discourse_n as_o to_o this_o matter_n 3._o orat._n pro_fw-la balbo_n lib._n 3._o though_o of_o itself_o more_o obscure_a where_o as_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o best_a expositor_n of_o the_o law_n he_o assert_n that_o the_o tribune_n of_o the_o people_n be_v sacrosanct_a that_o be_v so_o holy_a that_o they_o can_v not_o be_v injure_v without_o perjury_n but_o so_o be_v neither_o the_o aedile_n judges_z nor_o decemviri_fw-la and_o yet_o to_o injure_v either_o of_o these_o be_v punishable_a by_o the_o law_n the_o ground_n of_o which_o difference_n be_v this_o because_o these_o latter_a be_v think_v sufficient_o defend_v by_o the_o severity_n of_o the_o law_n alone_o but_o that_o which_o be_v in_o the_o last_o place_n enact_v by_o the_o people_n be_v most_o inviolable_a yet_o whilst_o the_o law_n remain_v in_o force_n no_o man_n can_v pretend_v to_o a_o right_a to_o act_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n but_o that_o which_o defend_v the_o tribune_n beside_o the_o law_n be_v the_o public_a religion_n of_o the_o roman_n for_o they_o be_v all_o bind_v by_o a_o solemn_a oath_n not_o to_o offer_v violence_n unto_o they_o which_o they_o that_o take_v can_v not_o break_v without_o give_v a_o public_a scandal_n to_o their_o religion_n this_o light_n we_o receive_v from_o a_o place_n in_o dionysius_n halicarnassensis_fw-la where_o it_o be_v thus_o record_v brutus_n call_v the_o assembly_n together_o propose_v it_o to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n that_o the_o tribune_n of_o the_o people_n may_v thenceforth_o be_v render_v inviolable_a not_o by_o the_o law_n only_o but_o by_o a_o public_a oath_n whereunto_o all_o the_o people_n give_v consent_v and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o this_o law_n be_v call_v sacred_a gracchi_n plut._n vit_fw-mi gracchi_n and_o therefore_o that_o fact_n of_o tiberius_n gracchas_n in_o depose_v octavius_n from_o the_o tribuneship_n allege_v that_o the_o tribunitial_a power_n have_v its_o sanctimony_n from_o the_o people_n but_o not_o to_o be_v exercise_v against_o they_o be_v much_o condemn_v by_o all_o honest_a man_n and_o therefore_o as_o i_o have_v say_v as_o well_o a_o city_n as_o a_o king_n may_v be_v bind_v up_o by_o oath_n in_o such_o agreement_n as_o they_o make_v with_o their_o own_o citizen_n or_o subject_n ix_o or_o if_o the_o promise_n be_v make_v to_o a_o three_o person_n for_o the_o subject_n but_o yet_o far_o a_o promise_n or_o agreement_n make_v by_o prince_n or_o state_n to_o their_o own_o subject_n shall_v be_v valid_a be_v make_v to_o a_o three_o person_n who_o have_v give_v no_o cause_n of_o fear_n but_o wherein_o and_o how_o far_o forth_o that_o three_o person_n may_v stand_v interest_v in_o that_o promise_n be_v one_o of_o the_o nicety_n of_o the_o roman_a law_n we_o shall_v not_o here_o search_v into_o for_o natural_o it_o concern_v all_o man_n to_o provide_v as_o much_o as_o in_o they_o lie_v for_o the_o safety_n of_o other_o thus_o we_o read_v that_o king_n philip_n have_v make_v his_o peace_n with_o the_o roman_n bind_v himself_o by_o promise_n not_o to_o revenge_v himself_o on_o those_o fugitive_n who_o during_o the_o war_n have_v side_v with_o the_o roman_n x._o how_o the_o public_a state_n may_v be_v change_v but_o yet_o possible_a it_o be_v as_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o prove_v that_o a_o state_n may_v sometime_o become_v mix_v and_o as_o from_o a_o 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that_o though_o they_o be_v cause_v through_o a_o fear_n unjust_o bring_v yet_o can_v they_o not_o be_v null_v or_o make_v void_a without_o the_o consent_n of_o he_o to_o who_o they_o be_v make_v because_o as_o many_o other_o thing_n though_o in_o themselves_o not_o altogether_o just_a yet_o be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n repute_v so_o so_o fear_v though_o it_o be_v in_o either_o side_n unjust_o cause_v yet_o shall_v it_o in_o such_o a_o war_n by_o the_o same_o law_n be_v account_v just_a which_o unless_o grant_v it_o will_v follow_v that_o such_o solemn_a war_n which_o be_v indeed_o but_o too_o frequent_a can_v be_v neither_o moderate_v nor_o end_v both_o which_o be_v very_o expedient_a for_o the_o conservation_n of_o mankind_n and_o this_o we_o have_v reason_n to_o believe_v be_v that_o right_n in_o war_n which_o cicero_n tell_v we_o be_v to_o be_v keep_v even_o with_o enemy_n 4._o de_fw-fr offic._n l._n 3._o ver._n 4._o to_o who_o also_o it_o be_v elsewhere_o say_v that_o there_o be_v some_o right_n which_o a_o enemy_n may_v retain_v though_o in_o war_n namely_o not_o such_o only_a as_o be_v allow_v of_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n but_o some_o such_o also_o as_o be_v introduce_v by_o the_o consent_n of_o nation_n neither_o do_v it_o hence_o follow_v that_o he_o who_o in_o a_o unjust_a war_n have_v extort_a any_o such_o thing_n may_v without_o the_o breach_n of_o piety_n or_o honesty_n retain_v what_o he_o have_v thereby_o get_v or_o compel_v another_o to_o perform_v such_o a_o promise_n swear_v or_o unsworn_a for_o internal_o and_o in_o the_o very_a nature_n of_o the_o thing_n it_o still_o remain_v unjust_a neither_o can_v this_o internal_a injustice_n of_o the_o act_n be_v otherwise_o remove_v than_o by_o the_o new_a and_o absolute_o free_a consent_n of_o the_o promiser_n again_o xii_o this_o to_o be_v understand_v of_o such_o a_o fear_n as_o be_v allow_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n whereas_o that_o fear_n be_v say_v here_o to_o be_v just_a which_o be_v cause_v in_o a_o solemn_a war_n it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o such_o a_o fear_n as_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n do_v not_o disallow_v as_o for_o example_n a_o promise_n wrest_v from_o a_o ambassador_n that_o be_v take_v prisoner_n shall_v not_o yield_v the_o least_o advantage_n to_o he_o that_o extort_v it_o as_o mariana_n testify_v so_o in_o case_n any_o thing_n be_v extort_a through_o the_o fear_n of_o ravishment_n or_o through_o any_o other_o the_o like_a terror_n or_o affrightment_n contrary_a to_o our_o faith_n give_v this_o aught_o to_o be_v judge_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n because_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n take_v no_o cognizance_n of_o any_o such_o fear_n again_o xiii_o that_o faith_n be_v to_o be_v keep_v with_o the_o perfidious_a that_o faith_n ought_v to_o be_v keep_v with_o such_o as_o be_v notorious_o perfidious_a we_o have_v in_o a_o more_o general_a treatise_n already_o prove_v which_o also_o we_o may_v learn_v from_o st_n ambrose_n which_o without_o doubt_n reach_v even_o unto_o such_o enemy_n as_o be_v altogether_o faithless_a such_o as_o the_o carthaginian_n be_v unto_o the_o roman_n who_o notwithstanding_o keep_v their_o faith_n inviolable_o with_o they_o for_o 6._o lib._n 6._o c._n 6._o as_o valerius_n maximus_n well_o observe_v the_o roman_a senate_n regard_v not_o what_o the_o carthaginian_n deserve_v but_o what_o in_o honour_n become_v the_o people_n of_o rome_n which_o be_v the_o testimony_n that_o sallust_n give_v of_o they_o in_o all_o the_o war_n say_v he_o between_o rome_n and_o carthage_n though_o the_o carthaginian_n as_o well_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n as_o during_o their_o truce_n commit_v many_o outrage_n yet_o will_v not_o the_o roman_n upon_o any_o provocation_n permit_v that_o the_o like_a shall_v be_v do_v
we_o that_o our_o faith_n be_v altogether_o to_o be_v keep_v for_o better_a it_o be_v not_o to_o admit_v of_o some_o excuse_n though_o just_a from_o a_o few_o than_o to_o encourage_v all_o to_o make_v what_o excuse_n they_o will_v for_o the_o breach_n of_o their_o faith_n but_o what_o thing_n be_v those_o which_o may_v countervail_v that_o which_o be_v promise_v sure_o in_o the_o first_o place_n whatsoever_o by_o any_o other_o contract_n make_v since_o the_o war_n be_v owe_v unto_o we_o by_o he_o to_o who_o our_o promise_n be_v make_v or_o whatsoever_o damage_n we_o have_v sustain_v by_o he_o in_o the_o time_n of_o truce_n or_o in_o case_n the_o person_n or_o right_n of_o ambassador_n have_v be_v by_o he_o violate_v or_o in_o brief_a if_o he_o have_v do_v any_o other_o thing_n which_o between_o enemy_n be_v not_o justifiable_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n where_o this_o also_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v that_o the_o satisfaction_n be_v make_v between_o the_o same_o person_n and_o that_o the_o right_n of_o no_o three_o person_n be_v thereby_o injure_v but_o yet_o with_o this_o allowance_n that_o the_o good_n of_o citizen_n may_v stand_v oblige_v for_o the_o debt_n of_o their_o own_o city_n as_o those_o of_o subject_n may_v for_o the_o debt_n of_o their_o prince_n as_o we_o have_v already_o show_v whereunto_o we_o may_v add_v 2._o lib._n 2._o c._n 2._o that_o it_o be_v the_o sign_n of_o a_o generous_a soul_n strict_o to_o observe_v his_o faith_n in_o league_n give_v notwithstanding_o all_o provocation_n to_o the_o contrary_a by_o injury_n receive_v upon_o which_o account_n it_o be_v that_o that_o wise_a indian_a jarchas_n so_o high_o commend_v that_o king_n who_o be_v much_o injure_v by_o his_o confederate_n yet_o will_v never_o break_v his_o faith_n give_v say_v 6._o philost_n l._n 3._o c._n 6._o tam_fw-la sancte_fw-la se_fw-la jurâsse_fw-la ut_fw-la alteri_fw-la ne_fw-la post_fw-la acceptam_fw-la injuriam_fw-la nociturus_fw-la esset_fw-la that_o the_o oath_n he_o have_v take_v be_v so_o sacred_a that_o he_o dare_v not_o injure_v he_o to_o who_o he_o have_v give_v his_o faith_n though_o he_o be_v sufficient_o provoke_v now_o look_v what_o other_o question_n usual_o arise_v concern_v our_o faith_n give_v to_o enemy_n may_v almost_o all_o of_o they_o be_v resolve_v by_o apply_v they_o to_o those_o rule_n heretofore_o prescribe_v concern_v the_o obligatory_a power_n as_o of_o promise_n in_o general_a so_o of_o those_o special_a promise_n make_v by_o oath_n league_n sponsion_n seq_fw-la lib._n 2._o c._n 11._o &_o seq_fw-la and_o of_o the_o right_n and_o obligation_n of_o king_n and_o concern_v the_o interpretation_n of_o such_o promise_n as_o be_v ambiguous_a but_o yet_o notwithstanding_o for_o the_o better_a use_n of_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v and_o for_o the_o clear_n of_o any_o other_o doubt_n which_o may_v happen_v to_o arise_v it_o shall_v not_o at_o all_o be_v troublesome_a to_o i_o brief_o to_o unfold_v such_o of_o these_o special_a case_n as_o be_v most_o notable_a and_o as_o do_v most_o frequent_o occur_v chap._n xx._n concern_v the_o public_a faith_n treaty_n lot_n set_v combat_n arbitrement_n surrender_n hostage_n pledge_n i._o the_o division_n of_o faith_n among_o enemy_n in_o order_n to_o that_o which_o follow_v ii_o in_o monarchy_n it_o be_v in_o the_o king_n power_n to_o make_v peace_n iii_o what_o if_o the_o king_n be_v a_o infant_n mad_a a_o prisoner_n or_o a_o exile_n iv_o in_o other_o government_n this_o power_n be_v in_o the_o major_a part_n v._o how_o a_o empire_n or_o a_o part_n of_o it_o or_o the_o good_n of_o a_o kingdom_n may_v be_v firm_o alienate_v to_o obtain_v peace_n vi_o how_o far_o by_o a_o peace_n make_v with_o a_o king_n his_o people_n and_o successor_n may_v stand_v bind_v vii_o that_o what_o be_v the_o subject_n may_v in_o peace_n be_v grant_v away_o for_o the_o public_a good_a but_o with_o condition_n of_o repair_v damage_n viii_o what_o may_v be_v say_v of_o thing_n already_o lose_v by_o war._n ix_o no_o distinction_n here_o between_o thing_n get_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o thing_n get_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n x._o with_o foreigner_n what_o a_o king_n do_v be_v hold_v to_o be_v for_o the_o public_a good_a xi_o a_o general_a rule_n whereby_o to_o interpret_v article_n of_o peace_n xii_o in_o doubtful_a case_n it_o be_v credible_a that_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o thing_n shall_v remain_v in_o the_o state_n they_o be_v at_o present_a how_o this_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v xiii_o what_o if_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o all_o thing_n shall_v be_v restore_v to_o the_o condition_n they_o be_v in_o before_o the_o war_n begin_v fourteen_o then_o they_o who_o be_v before_o free_a and_o have_v voluntariy_a enslave_v themselves_o be_v not_o to_o be_v make_v free_a xv._o that_o damage_n occasion_v in_o war_n if_o leave_v dubious_a be_v presume_v to_o be_v forgive_v xvi_o but_o not_o those_o which_o before_o the_o war_n be_v due_a to_o private_a man_n xvii_o punishment_n also_o before_o the_o war_n public_o due_a if_o leave_v doubtful_a be_v believe_v to_o be_v remit_v xviii_o what_o be_v to_o be_v say_v concern_v the_o right_a that_o private_a man_n have_v to_o require_v punishment_n xix_o that_o right_o which_o before_o the_o war_n though_o public_o claim_v be_v controvert_v be_v easy_o believe_v to_o be_v forgive_v xx._n thing_n take_v after_o peace_n make_v to_o be_v restore_v xxi_o of_o agreement_n whereby_o thing_n take_v in_o war_n be_v to_o be_v restore_v some_o certain_a rule_n xxii_o together_o with_o the_o thing_n the_o fruit_n and_o profit_n be_v to_o be_v restore_v xxiii_o concern_v the_o name_n of_o country_n xxiv_o concern_v the_o relation_n that_o be_v have_v to_o some_o precedent_a agreement_n xxv_o of_o delay_n xxvi_o where_o the_o word_n be_v doubtful_a the_o interpretation_n must_v be_v make_v against_o he_o that_o give_v law_n xxvii_o distinction_n must_v be_v make_v between_o the_o give_v of_o a_o new_a cause_n of_o war_n and_o the_o break_n of_o peace_n xxviii_o how_o a_o peace_n may_v be_v break_v by_o do_v contrary_a to_o that_o which_o be_v presume_v to_o be_v in_o every_o peace_n xxix_o what_o if_o we_o be_v invade_v by_o associate_n xxx_o what_o if_o by_o subject_n and_o how_o their_o fact_n may_v be_v judge_v as_o approve_v xxxi_o what_o if_o subject_n engage_v under_o another_o prince_n xxxii_o what_o if_o subject_n be_v invade_v explain_v by_o distinction_n xxxiii_o what_o if_o associate_n who_o be_v likewise_o distinguish_v xxxiv_o how_o a_o peace_n may_v be_v break_v by_o do_v contrary_a to_o that_o which_o be_v say_v in_o the_o peace_n xxxv_o whether_o any_o distinction_n be_v to_o be_v make_v between_o the_o article_n of_o peace_n xxxvi_o what_o if_o to_o the_o breach_n of_o the_o article_n there_o be_v some_o punishment_n add_v xxxvii_o what_o if_o we_o be_v hinder_v by_o a_o unavoidable_a necessity_n xxxviii_o the_o peace_n shall_v stand_v firm_a if_o he_o that_o be_v injure_v be_v willing_a thereunto_o thirty-nine_o how_o a_o peace_n may_v be_v break_v by_o do_v that_o which_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o special_a nature_n of_o every_o peace_n xl._n what_o under_o the_o name_n of_o friendship_n may_v be_v comprehend_v xli_o whether_o it_o be_v enough_o to_o break_v friendship_n to_o receive_v subject_n and_o exile_n xlii_o how_o war_n may_v be_v end_v by_o lot_n xliii_o how_o by_o a_o set_a combat_n and_o whether_o lawful_a xliv_o whether_o the_o fact_n of_o the_o king_n do_v in_o this_o case_n oblige_v the_o people_n xlv_o who_o be_v to_o be_v judge_v the_o conqueror_n xlvi_o how_o war_n may_v be_v end_v by_o arbitrement_n and_o how_o it_o must_v be_v understand_v if_o it_o admit_v of_o no_o appeal_n xlvii_o arbitrator_n in_o case_n doubtful_a must_v be_v so_o understand_v as_o bind_v to_o do_v right_o xlviii_o that_o arbitrator_n be_v not_o to_o determine_v of_o possession_n xlix_o how_o far_o forth_o the_o force_n of_o a_o pure_a dedition_n extend_v l._n what_o a_o conqueror_n ought_v to_o do_v as_o to_o such_o as_o surrender_v li._n of_o a_o surrender_n upon_o condition_n lii_o who_o may_v and_o aught_o to_o be_v give_v in_o hostage_n liii_o what_o right_o be_v give_v against_o hostage_n liv._o whether_o a_o hostage_n may_v awful_o escape_v by_o flight_n lv._o whether_o a_o hostage_n may_v be_v lawful_o detain_v upon_o any_o other_o account_n lvi_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o he_o for_o who_o a_o hostage_n be_v give_v the_o hostage_n be_v to_o go_v free_a lvii_o the_o king_n die_v who_o send_v the_o hostage_n whether_o the_o hostage_n may_v lawful_o be_v detain_v lviii_o hostage_n may_v sometime_o be_v principal_o oblige_v and_o that_o one_o of_o they_o be_v not_o bind_v for_o the_o fact_n of_o another_o lix_n what_o obligation_n lie_v upon_o
pledge_n lx._n when_o the_o right_a of_o redemption_n of_o thing_n engage_v be_v to_o be_v judge_v as_o lose_v i._o the_o division_n of_o faith_n in_o order_n to_o what_o follow_v all_o agreement_n between_o enemy_n depend_v upon_o faith_n either_o express_v or_o understand_v faith_n express_v be_v either_o public_a or_o private_a public_a be_v either_o that_o give_v by_o supreme_a or_o that_o give_v by_o subordinate_a power_n that_o give_v by_o the_o supreme_a power_n either_o put_v a_o end_n to_o the_o war_n or_o be_v of_o some_o force_n the_o war_n continue_v among_o those_o thing_n that_o conclude_v a_o war_n some_o thing_n be_v look_v at_o as_o principal_n and_o some_o accessary_n the_o principal_n be_v those_o very_a thing_n that_o finish_v it_o either_o by_o their_o own_o act_n as_o the_o article_n of_o agreement_n or_o by_o consent_n on_o both_o side_n that_o it_o shall_v be_v determine_v by_o some_o other_o thing_n or_o by_o lot_n by_o the_o event_n of_o some_o combat_n the_o award_n of_o arbitrator_n whereof_o that_o by_o lot_n be_v altogether_o fortuitous_a the_o other_o two_o moderate_a the_o case_n by_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o mind_n or_o of_o the_o body_n or_o by_o the_o discern_a faculty_n ii_o the_o power_n to_o make_v peace_n be_v in_o the_o king_n if_o the_o government_n be_v kingly_a they_o that_o have_v power_n to_o begin_v a_o war_n have_v also_o a_o power_n by_o article_n of_o agreement_n to_o to_o end_v it_o 3._o it_o see_v bo._n 2._o ch_n 15._o §._o 3._o for_o every_o man_n be_v the_o best_a moderator_n of_o his_o own_o affair_n whence_o it_o follow_v that_o in_o a_o war_n on_o both_o side_n public_a the_o power_n of_o make_v peace_n belong_v to_o they_o who_o be_v entrust_v with_o the_o supreme_a authority_n as_o in_o a_o government_n true_o monarchical_a to_o the_o king_n so_o as_o he_o be_v no_o way_n disable_v to_o exercise_v that_o authority_n iii_o what_o if_o the_o king_n be_v a_o infant_n for_o in_o case_n a_o king_n be_v not_o at_o year_n of_o discretion_n which_o in_o some_o kingdom_n be_v determinable_a by_o law_n 193._o law_n bo._n 1._o ch_n 3._o §._o 24._o francis_n king_n of_o france_n be_v prisoner_n to_o charles_n the_o five_o emperor_n and_o king_n of_o spain_n his_o case_n about_o the_o duchy_n of_o burgundy_n see_v lord_n herbert_n hist_n of_o h._n the_o 8_o pag._n 193._o but_o in_o other_o by_o probable_a conjecture_n or_o if_o he_o be_v not_o of_o sound_a mind_n he_o be_v not_o capable_a of_o make_v peace_n the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v of_o a_o king_n that_o be_v in_o captivity_n in_o case_n that_o kingdom_n have_v its_o first_o rise_n from_o the_o suffrage_n of_o the_o people_n it_o be_v incredible_a that_o the_o people_n shall_v ever_o consent_v to_o entrust_v their_o government_n into_o such_o hand_n as_o be_v not_o at_o liberty_n to_o exercise_v it_o wherefore_o in_o this_o case_n also_o though_o not_o the_o full_a power_n yet_o the_o exercise_n of_o that_o power_n and_o as_o it_o be_v the_o guardianship_n of_o it_o be_v in_o the_o people_n or_o those_o who_o the_o people_n shall_v surrogate_v in_o their_o stead_n thus_o when_o rodolfus_n the_o palatine_a flee_v through_o fear_n into_o england_n and_o when_o the_o bishop_n of_o mentz_n be_v drive_v out_o of_o his_o territory_n by_o the_o bishop_n of_o tryer_n neither_o the_o one_o nor_o the_o other_o lose_v their_o electorship_n but_o yet_o as_o to_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v private_o his_o own_o a_o king_n though_o a_o captive_n may_v make_v any_o contract_n good_a after_o the_o example_n of_o those_o thing_n that_o we_o shall_v say_v concern_v private_a agreement_n but_o what_o if_o the_o king_n be_v a_o exile_n as_o camillus_n be_v when_o he_o live_v among_o the_o vejans_n of_o who_o lucan_n write_v thus_o vejos_n habitante_fw-la camillo_n illic_fw-la roma_fw-la fuit_fw-la be_v it_o in_o his_o power_n to_o make_v peace_n yea_o sure_o if_o it_o appear_v that_o he_o live_v free_a obnoxious_a to_o none_o for_o otherwise_o the_o condition_n of_o a_o exile_a king_n be_v not_o much_o different_a from_o that_o of_o another_o captive_n a_o banish_a man_n be_v but_o a_o prisoner_n at_o large_a thus_o cicero_n speak_v concern_v regulus_n that_o he_o refuse_v to_o give_v his_o opinion_n in_o the_o senate_n allege_v that_o so_o long_o as_o he_o stand_v bind_v to_o his_o enemy_n by_o oath_n he_o be_v uncapable_a of_o vote_v as_o a_o senator_n iv_o in_o other_o state_n it_o lie_v in_o the_o major_a part_n but_o where_o the_o supreme_a authority_n be_v seat_v either_o in_o the_o noble_n or_o in_o the_o people_n it_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o major_a part_n of_o they_o to_o make_v peace_n the_o decree_n either_o of_o the_o public_a senate_n in_o the_o former_a or_o of_o the_o citizen_n in_o the_o latter_a be_v to_o be_v pronounce_v by_o such_o as_o by_o use_n and_o custom_n have_v a_o right_a thereunto_o according_a to_o what_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o deliver_v 17._o bo._n 2._o ch_n 5._o §._o 17._o and_o therefore_o what_o be_v thus_o agree_v upon_o shall_v oblige_v the_o whole_a yea_o even_o those_o that_o dissent_v from_o they_o thus_o livy_n 32._o livy_n lib._n 32._o whatsoever_o be_v once_o upon_o a_o full_a debate_n decree_v be_v to_o be_v defend_v by_o all_o even_o by_o those_o who_o have_v be_v before_o against_o it_o wherewith_o accord_v that_o of_o dionysius_n halicarnassensis_n parendum_fw-la est_fw-la his_fw-la quae_fw-la pars_fw-la major_a decreverit_fw-la whatever_o the_o major_a part_n think_v fit_a must_v by_o all_o be_v obey_v so_o likewise_o appian_n omnes_fw-la decreto_fw-la obsequi_fw-la tenentur_fw-la nulla_fw-la admissa_fw-la excusatione_fw-la what_o be_v so_o decree_v be_v by_o all_o man_n to_o be_v observe_v no_o excuse_n be_v admit_v of_o to_o the_o contrary_n with_o who_o agree_v pliny_n quod_fw-la pluribus_fw-la placuisset_fw-la cunctis_fw-la tenendum_fw-la what_o please_v the_o great_a part_n oblige_v all_o but_o those_o who_o peace_n oblige_v it_o also_o profit_v jisdem_fw-la &_o volentibus_fw-la prodest_fw-la v._o how_o a_o empire_n or_o any_o part_n thereof_o may_v be_v alienate_v for_o peace_n now_o let_v we_o see_v what_o manner_n of_o thing_n they_o be_v that_o be_v subject_a to_o such_o agreement_n most_o king_n now_o a_o day_n because_o they_o hold_v not_o their_o whole_a kingdom_n nor_o any_o part_n of_o they_o in_o propriety_n but_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o fruit_n and_o profit_n only_o can_v by_o any_o contract_n or_o agreement_n alienate_v they_o follow_v they_o see_v above_o bo._n 2._o ch_n 6._o §._o 3._o and_o what_o follow_v yea_o and_o before_o they_o receive_v that_o great_a charge_n of_o the_o empire_n upon_o they_o during_o which_o time_n the_o people_n be_v as_o yet_o above_o they_o all_o such_o act_n of_o alienate_v the_o kingdom_n or_o any_o part_n thereof_o may_v by_o a_o public_a law_n for_o the_o future_a be_v make_v absolute_o void_a so_o that_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v bind_v at_o all_o and_o credible_a it_o be_v that_o the_o people_n be_v general_o thus_o mind_v ne_o alioqui_fw-la si_fw-la ad_fw-la id_fw-la quod_fw-la interest_n salva_fw-la esset_fw-la actio_fw-la contrahenti_fw-la subditorum_fw-la bona_fw-la pro_fw-la debito_fw-la regis_fw-la caperentur_fw-la lest_o otherwise_o if_o as_o to_o that_o which_o be_v so_o provide_v against_o the_o action_n shall_v hold_v good_a to_o the_o person_n contract_v the_o good_n of_o the_o subject_n may_v be_v take_v for_o the_o debt_n of_o the_o king_n and_o consequent_o this_o caution_n of_o not_o alienate_v the_o kingdom_n will_v be_v in_o vain_a but_o that_o the_o whole_a empire_n may_v be_v firm_o alienate_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o people_n must_v yield_v their_o consent_n which_o may_v quick_o be_v do_v by_o their_o representative_n which_o be_v the_o three_o order_n or_o state_n of_o a_o commonwealth_n namely_o the_o clergy_n peer_n and_o the_o commons_o but_o that_o any_o part_n of_o the_o empire_n may_v be_v firm_o alienate_v a_o twofold_a consent_n be_v requisite_a first_o of_o the_o whole_a but_o more_o especial_o of_o that_o power_n which_o be_v to_o be_v alienate_v which_o can_v be_v sever_v from_o the_o body_n whereunto_o it_o grow_v against_o its_o will_n this_o be_v the_o french_a king_n plea_n why_o he_o will_v not_o deliver_v burgundy_n as_o he_o have_v upon_o his_o oath_n agree_v and_o promise_v but_o yet_o in_o a_o case_n of_o extreme_a necessity_n and_o otherwise_o unavoidable_a that_o very_a part_n may_v firm_o convey_v away_o the_o government_n over_o themselves_o unto_o any_o other_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n because_o credible_a it_o be_v that_o when_o that_o society_n be_v institute_v this_o power_n be_v reserve_v but_o in_o kingdom_n that_o be_v patrimonial_a what_o shall_v hinder_v a_o king_n from_o alienate_v
last_v until_o some_o new_a declaration_n of_o the_o will_n of_o the_o donor_n shall_v rescind_v it_o for_o in_o a_o dubious_a case_n that_o which_o be_v deem_v sufficient_a to_o give_v a_o right_n shall_v be_v presume_v sufficient_a to_o continue_v it_o but_o yet_o not_o if_o he_o that_o grant_v it_o be_v disable_v any_o long_a to_o declare_v his_o pleasure_n as_o in_o case_n he_o be_v dead_a for_o than_o whatsoever_o depend_v bare_o upon_o the_o uncertainty_n of_o his_o will_n shall_v likewise_o cease_v as_o accident_n do_v when_o the_o substance_n fail_v xxii_o a_o pass_n imply_v protection_n a_o safe-pass_a be_v grant_v protection_n be_v due_a even_o beyond_o the_o territory_n of_o he_o that_o grant_v it_o because_o it_o ought_v to_o protect_v we_o against_o all_o the_o licence_n of_o war_n which_o of_o itself_o be_v not_o confine_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o any_o one_o prince_n dominion_n as_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o show_v 4_o bo._n 3._o ch_n 4_o xxiii_o the_o redemption_n of_o prisoner_n the_o redeem_n of_o captive_n be_v very_o much_o favour_v especial_o among_o christian_n it_o be_v a_o especial_a act_n of_o mercy_n commend_v unto_o we_o by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n redemptio_fw-la magnum_fw-la &_o praeclarum_fw-la justitiae_fw-la munus_fw-la be_v the_o word_n of_o lactantius_n the_o redeem_n of_o prisoner_n be_v a_o great_a and_o singular_a part_n of_o justice_n and_o in_o case_n it_o be_v from_o barbarian_n 28._o matt._n 25.36.39_o de_fw-fr offic._n l._n 2_o c._n 28._o it_o be_v by_o st._n ambrose_n reckon_v as_o the_o best_a and_o great_a liberality_n in_o the_o world_n and_o in_o that_o apology_n he_o make_v for_o himself_o and_o his_o church_n for_o the_o break_n in_o piece_n the_o consecrate_a vessel_n thereby_o to_o redeem_v the_o captive_n he_o affirm_v that_o ornatus_fw-la sacramentorum_fw-la est_fw-la redemptio_fw-la captivorum_fw-la the_o chief_a ornament_n to_o christian_a sacrament_n be_v the_o redeem_n of_o slave_n where_o also_o he_o have_v many_o other_o such_o excellent_a say_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n st._n aug._n follow_v the_o example_n of_o st._n ambrose_n do_v the_o like_a though_o contrary_a to_o the_o carnal_a sense_n of_o some_o who_o therein_o oppose_v he_o as_o possidius_n relate_v the_o very_a same_o be_v record_v by_o hincmarus_n in_o the_o life_n of_o remigius_n and_o adamus_n in_o his_o ecclesiastical_a british_a history_n make_v honourable_a mention_n of_o the_o like_a fact_n do_v by_o rimbertus_n archbishop_n of_o breme_n and_o we_o likewise_o find_v it_o approve_v of_o by_o the_o six_o general_a synod_n who_o decree_n be_v recite_v by_o gratian_n namely_o 2._o causa_fw-la 12._o q._n 2._o that_o no_o bishop_n shall_v presume_v to_o alienate_v any_o of_o the_o consecrate_a vessel_n of_o their_o church_n unless_o for_o such_o cause_n as_o be_v of_o old_a approve_a of_o by_o the_o ancient_a canon_n of_o the_o church_n as_o for_o the_o redeem_n of_o captive_n and_o the_o like_a xxiv_o whether_o the_o redemption_n of_o prisoner_n may_v by_o any_o law_n be_v forbid_v be_v thus_o awe_v by_o so_o great_a authority_n i_o dare_v not_o absolute_o approve_v of_o those_o law_n which_o forbid_v the_o redemption_n of_o slave_n without_o a_o distinction_n such_o i_o mean_v as_o we_o may_v read_v of_o among_o the_o roman_n nulli_fw-la civitati_fw-la viliores_fw-la captivi_fw-la quà m_fw-la nostrae_fw-la there_o be_v no_o city_n so_o regardless_o of_o captive_n as_o we_o say_v a_o wise_a roman_a in_o open_a senate_n for_o which_o cause_n rome_n be_v call_v in_o livy_n civitas_n captivis_fw-la minime_fw-la indulgens_fw-la a_o city_n show_v little_a favour_n to_o captive_n that_o ode_n of_o horace_n be_v very_o well_o know_v where_o he_o condemn_v the_o ransome_v of_o prisoner_n as_o a_o opprobrious_a act_n a_o example_n of_o dangerous_a consequence_n and_o be_v a_o execrable_a fact_n encourage_v with_o a_o reward_n but_o what_o aristotle_n blame_v in_o the_o laconian_a be_v also_o usual_o blame_v in_o the_o roman_a government_n namely_o that_o all_o their_o polity_n tend_v only_o to_o the_o advancement_n of_o their_o military_a discipline_n as_o if_o in_o this_o alone_o consist_v the_o safety_n of_o their_o commonwealth_n whereas_o if_o we_o will_v but_o due_o consider_v it_o as_o rational_a man_n with_o the_o allowance_n of_o some_o grain_n of_o compassion_n it_o will_v seem_v much_o better_a to_o rebate_v somewhat_o of_o that_o rigour_n which_o the_o licence_n of_o war_n permit_v than_o to_o leave_v so_o many_o of_o perhaps_o our_o kinsman_n and_o countryman_n in_o a_o everlasting_a slavery_n i_o can_v therefore_o conceive_v how_o such_o a_o law_n can_v be_v repute_v just_a unless_o it_o shall_v appear_v that_o such_o a_o severe_a course_n be_v necessary_a for_o the_o prevention_n of_o far_o great_a and_o moral_o inevitable_a calamity_n which_o will_v otherwise_o in_o all_o humane_a probability_n fall_v upon_o we_o for_o in_o such_o a_o case_n of_o necessity_n as_o the_o prisoner_n themselves_o ought_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o charity_n patient_o to_o bear_v their_o hard_a fortune_n so_o may_v this_o punishment_n be_v just_o impose_v upon_o they_o and_o threaten_v against_o other_o to_o deter_v they_o from_o the_o like_a cowardice_n according_a to_o what_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o write_v concern_v any_o one_o citizen_n which_o for_o the_o public_a safety_n of_o the_o city_n may_v be_v deliver_v up_o xxv_o that_o a_o man_n may_v transfer_v his_o right_n in_o a_o captive_n true_a it_o be_v that_o to_o make_v slave_n of_o such_o as_o be_v take_v in_o war_n be_v not_o agreeable_a to_o our_o law_n and_o custom_n yet_o doubtless_o may_v that_o right_n of_o exact_v a_o ransom_n from_o he_o that_o be_v so_o take_v by_o he_o that_o take_v he_o just_o be_v transfer_v to_o another_o for_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n thing_n even_o incorporeal_a may_v also_o be_v alienate_v xxvi_o the_o ransom_n may_v be_v due_a to_o more_o than_o to_o one_o and_o possible_a it_o be_v that_o the_o same_o ransom_n may_v be_v due_a to_o several_a person_n as_o in_o case_n a_o prisoner_n be_v discharge_v by_o one_o the_o ransom_n not_o pay_v be_v apprehend_v by_o another_o and_o after_o that_o by_o another_o these_o must_v needs_o be_v distinct_a debt_n because_o they_o arise_v from_o distinct_a cause_n xxvii_o whether_o a_o agreement_n for_o a_o ransom_n be_v null_v his_o estate_n or_o quality_n be_v not_o then_o know_v the_o ransom_n agree_v upon_o shall_v bind_v the_o contractor_n though_o the_o prisoner_n be_v find_v rich_a than_o he_o be_v think_v to_o be_v when_o the_o contract_n be_v make_v because_o by_o that_o right_n of_o nation_n which_o be_v external_a whereby_o we_o be_v in_o this_o case_n to_o be_v judge_v no_o man_n can_v be_v compel_v to_o give_v a_o great_a price_n than_o what_o be_v first_o agree_v on_o although_o undervalue_v if_o there_o be_v no_o fraud_n in_o the_o contract_n as_o may_v easy_o be_v understand_v by_o that_o which_o have_v be_v already_o deliver_v in_o the_o chapter_n of_o agreement_n 26._o agreement_n lib._n 2._o c._n 26._o xxviii_o what_o good_n of_o captive_n be_v he_o that_o take_v they_o from_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v that_o captive_n be_v not_o now_o to_o be_v make_v slave_n it_o follow_v that_o the_o dominion_n that_o we_o have_v over_o their_o person_n do_v not_o give_v we_o a_o universal_a right_n to_o all_o that_o be_v they_o as_o have_v be_v elsewhere_o say_v 4._o say_v lib._n 3._o c._n 7._o §._o 4._o for_o he_o that_o take_v a_o prisoner_n have_v a_o right_a to_o nothing_o but_o what_o he_o particular_o lay_v hold_v on_o so_o that_o if_o the_o prisoner_n can_v conceal_v any_o thing_n he_o have_v from_o he_o he_o can_v be_v say_v to_o get_v it_o because_o he_o be_v not_o thereof_o possess_v thus_o paulus_n the_o lawyer_n plead_v against_o brutus_n and_o manlius_n he_o that_o take_v a_o field_n into_o his_o possession_n can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v possess_v of_o the_o treasure_n which_o he_o know_v not_o to_o be_v there_o bury_v for_o no_o man_n can_v be_v say_v to_o possess_v that_o which_o he_o know_v not_o of_o whence_o it_o will_v likewise_o follow_v that_o what_o the_o prisoner_n can_v so_o conceal_v he_o may_v make_v use_n of_o for_o his_o redemption_n xxix_o whether_o the_o ransom_n agree_v on_o be_v chargeable_a upon_o the_o heir_n another_o question_n be_v like_a to_o arise_v namely_o whether_o a_o ransom_n agree_v on_o the_o prisoner_n die_v before_o it_o be_v pay_v may_v be_v recover_v from_o his_o heir_n whereunto_o the_o answer_n be_v easy_a for_o if_o the_o captive_n die_v in_o prison_n doubtless_o the_o ransom_n be_v not_o due_a because_o the_o promise_n be_v make_v upon_o condition_n that_o the_o prisoner_n shall_v be_v set_v at_o liberty_n but_o he_o that_o be_v dead_a can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v at_o liberty_n but_o on_o the_o
which_o cornelius_n nepos_n make_v be_v assent_v unto_o by_o many_o of_o the_o roman_a senator_n as_o gellius_n testify_v namely_o that_o those_o two_o of_o the_o ten_o captive_n who_o be_v bind_v by_o oath_n to_o make_v their_o return_n refuse_v shall_v by_o a_o strong_a guard_n be_v conduct_v and_o deliver_v up_o to_o hannibal_n especial_o consider_v that_o the_o same_o senate_n have_v not_o long_o before_o compel_v those_o to_o return_v who_o king_n pyrrhus_n have_v dismiss_v upon_o the_o like_a condition_n xi_o what_o interpretation_n we_o shall_v give_v to_o such_o a_o contract_n concern_v the_o interpretation_n of_o some_o word_n in_o such_o a_o agreement_n we_o be_v to_o be_v guide_v by_o those_o rule_n which_o we_o have_v often_o recite_v that_o be_v to_o say_v we_o ought_v not_o to_o recede_v from_o the_o proper_a signification_n of_o the_o word_n unless_o it_o be_v to_o avoid_v some_o absurdity_n that_o will_v from_o thence_o follow_v or_o that_o we_o be_v induce_v thereunto_o by_o some_o other_o very_o strong_a conjecture_n and_o where_o the_o word_n be_v ambiguous_a that_o we_o incline_v to_o that_o sense_n that_o make_v most_o against_o he_o who_o give_v the_o law_n xii_o how_o these_o word_n life_n garment_n the_o come_n of_o aid_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v as_o he_o that_o covenant_n for_o his_o life_n only_o have_v no_o right_a to_o his_o liberty_n under_o the_o name_n apparel_n we_o be_v not_o to_o comprehend_v arm_n aid_n be_v then_o say_v to_o come_v when_o they_o be_v in_o sight_n though_o they_o do_v nothing_o for_o their_o appearance_n have_v some_o kind_n of_o efficacy_n xiii_o who_o may_v be_v say_v to_o return_v to_o the_o enemy_n but_o he_o can_v be_v say_v to_o return_v to_o the_o enemy_n who_o return_v private_o present_o depart_v for_o our_o promise_n to_o return_n be_v not_o fulfil_v until_o we_o have_v put_v ourselves_o under_o the_o same_o power_n of_o the_o enemy_n as_o we_o be_v when_o we_o promise_v to_o return_v the_o contrary_a interpretation_n cicero_n account_v to_o be_v mere_o delusive_a and_o foolish_o crafty_a introduce_v fraud_n and_o sometime_o perjury_n and_o gellius_n call_v it_o a_o fraudulent_a cheat_n always_o brand_v by_o the_o censor_n with_o reproach_n and_o the_o person_n that_o make_v use_v thereof_o render_v intestable_a fourteen_o succour_n when_o say_v to_o come_v in_o agreement_n make_v not_o to_o surrender_v in_o case_n just_a succour_n shall_v come_v within_o such_o a_o time_n to_o their_o relief_n such_o succour_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v as_o be_v sufficient_a to_o repel_v the_o enemy_n and_o secure_v we_o from_o far_a danger_n four_o example_n whereof_o be_v record_v by_o procopius_n 3._o goth._n l._n 3._o xv._o that_o which_o relate_v to_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o execution_n be_v no_o condition_n this_o also_o deserve_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o if_o any_o thing_n shall_v be_v agree_v on_o concern_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o execution_n that_o shall_v be_v annex_v unto_o the_o agreement_n as_o a_o condition_n as_o for_o example_n in_o case_n a_o safe-conduct_a be_v grant_v to_o such_o a_o place_n and_o that_o place_n before_o we_o can_v arrive_v thither_o happen_v to_o be_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o enemy_n the_o agreement_n be_v not_o fulfil_v until_o we_o come_v where_o we_o may_v be_v in_o safety_n xvi_o of_o hostage_n to_o perform_v such_o covenant_n as_o to_o hostage_n we_o be_v to_o be_v guide_v as_o abovesaid_a sometime_o they_o be_v but_o surety_n for_o the_o act_n of_o their_o principal_n but_o yet_o it_o may_v be_v so_o agree_v that_o the_o obligation_n shall_v be_v disjunctive_o understand_v that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o either_o such_o a_o thing_n shall_v be_v do_v or_o the_o hostage_n may_v be_v detain_v but_o if_o the_o meaning_n be_v doubtful_a we_o must_v incline_v unto_o that_o which_o be_v most_o natural_a which_o be_v that_o they_o shall_v be_v hold_v as_o surety_n only_o until_o such_o thing_n shall_v be_v perform_v chap._n xxiv_o of_o faith_n tacit_o give_v i._o how_o faith_n may_v be_v give_v by_o silence_n ii_o a_o example_n in_o one_o desire_v to_o be_v receive_v into_o protection_n by_o any_o prince_n or_o people_n iii_o in_o another_o that_o either_o demand_n or_o admit_v of_o a_o parley_n or_o treaty_n iv_o that_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o either_o party_n during_o a_o treaty_n to_o promote_v his_o own_o interest_n so_o that_o he_o hurt_v not_o he_o with_o who_o he_o treat_v v._o of_o dumb_a sign_n which_o by_o custom_n become_v significant_a vi_o of_o a_o silent_a approbation_n of_o something_o demand_v vii_o a_o punishment_n when_o it_o may_v be_v presume_v to_o be_v remit_v by_o silence_n i._o faith_n give_v by_o silence_n that_o some_o thing_n be_v by_o silence_n agree_v on_o be_v not_o ill_o observe_v by_o javolenus_n for_o this_o be_v usual_a in_o most_o agreement_n whether_o they_o be_v public_a private_a or_o mix_v the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v because_o it_o be_v our_o consent_n only_o however_o signify_v and_o accept_v that_o have_v the_o power_n to_o transfer_v our_o right_n but_o this_o consent_n of_o we_o may_v be_v otherwise_o express_v than_o by_o voice_n or_o letter_n as_o we_o have_v already_o show_v for_o some_o sign_n be_v natural_o include_v in_o the_o act_n itself_o ii_o as_o in_o he_o that_o desire_v to_o be_v admit_v unto_o protection_n as_o for_o example_n he_o that_o come_v from_o a_o enemy_n or_o as_o a_o stranger_n commit_v himself_o to_o the_o faith_n of_o another_o king_n or_o people_n do_v without_o doubt_n tacit_o oblige_v himself_o not_o to_o act_v any_o thing_n against_o that_o state_n under_o which_o he_o desire_v protection_n we_o can_v then_o agree_v with_o they_o who_o justify_v that_o act_n of_o zopyrus_n who_o not_o be_v able_a to_o conquer_v babylon_n by_o force_n cut_v off_o his_o own_o nose_n ear_n and_o lip_n and_o so_o mangle_v flee_v into_o the_o city_n and_o persuade_v the_o citizen_n that_o darius_n his_o master_n have_v do_v it_o in_o revenge_n for_o speak_v somewhat_o in_o their_o behalf_n and_o have_v thereby_o get_v into_o some_o place_n of_o eminent_a trust_n betray_v the_o city_n unto_o darius_n for_o zopyrus_n his_o fidelity_n unto_o his_o prince_n can_v not_o justify_v his_o perfidious_a deal_n with_o they_o to_o who_o he_o flee_v and_o by_o who_o he_o be_v receive_v into_o protection_n the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v of_o sextus_n the_o son_n of_o tarquin_n who_o betake_v himself_o for_o safety_n to_o the_o gabii_n virgil_n censure_n upon_o the_o like_a fact_n of_o sinon_n be_v this_o now_o graeci'an_v treachery_n view_v and_o from_o this_o one_o learn_v to_o avoid_v the_o rest_n iii_o and_o in_o he_o that_o crave_v a_o parley_n so_o he_o that_o demand_v or_o admit_v of_o a_o parley_n give_v his_o faith_n tacit_o that_o during_o that_o parley_n both_o party_n may_v be_v secure_a 1._o secure_a lib._n 1._o agathias_n condemn_v ragnaris_n the_o hun_n for_o attempt_v to_o kill_v narsete_n in_o his_o return_n from_o a_o conference_n whereunto_o he_o have_v invite_v he_o this_o livy_n conclude_v to_o be_v a_o manifest_a breach_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n when_o enemy_n under_o the_o colour_n of_o a_o treaty_n shall_v lay_v wait_v to_o destroy_v each_o other_o which_o he_o there_o style_v colloquium_fw-la perfide_fw-la violatum_fw-la a_o treaty_n most_o perfidious_o break_v 38._o liv._o 38._o upon_o that_o fact_n of_o cnaeus_n domitius_n beforementioned_a in_o treacherous_o seize_v upon_o king_n bituitus_n who_o he_o have_v first_o invite_v to_o a_o parley_n and_o afterward_o entertain_v as_o his_o guest_n valerius_n maximus_n give_v this_o censure_n nimia_fw-la gloriae_fw-la cupiditas_fw-la perfidum_fw-la existere_fw-la coegit_fw-la 6._o lib._n 10._o c._n 6._o his_o immoderate_a thirst_n after_o glory_n constrain_v he_o to_o be_v perfidious_a wherefore_o i_o can_v but_o admire_v why_o he_o that_o write_v the_o eight_o book_n of_o caesar_n gallic_a war_n rehearse_v the_o like_a fact_n of_o t._n labienus_n add_v these_o word_n infidelitatem_fw-la comii_fw-la sine_fw-la ulla_fw-la perfidia_fw-la judicavit_fw-la comprimi_fw-la posse_fw-la he_o conceive_v that_o comius_n his_o disloyalty_n may_v be_v thus_o suppress_v without_o any_o imputation_n of_o treachery_n iv_o during_o a_o parley_n each_o may_v promote_v his_o own_o interest_n not_o hurt_v the_o other_o neither_o may_v we_o wrest_v this_o tacit_a consent_n beyond_o what_o i_o have_v say_v for_o if_o carry_v themselves_o inoffensive_o one_o towards_o another_o during_o the_o conference_n they_o can_v under_o the_o colour_n of_o that_o conference_n divert_v their_o enemy_n from_o their_o warlike_a counsel_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n strengthen_v themselves_o and_o promote_v their_o own_o affair_n this_o shall_v not_o be_v account_v treachery_n but_o policy_n such_o as_o in_o time_n of_o war_n be_v not_o lawful_a only_o but_o
commendable_a wherefore_o they_o that_o blame_v king_n perseus_n for_o suffer_v himself_o to_o be_v delude_v through_o hope_n of_o peace_n have_v not_o so_o great_a a_o regard_n to_o justice_n and_o fidelity_n 42._o liv._o l._n 42._o as_o to_o the_o generosity_n of_o a_o mind_n emulous_a of_o martial_a glory_n as_o may_v be_v sufficient_o collect_v from_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v concern_v the_o deceit_n and_o stratagem_n usual_a in_o war._n such_o be_v that_o stratagem_n wherewith_o asdrubal_n preserve_v himself_o and_o his_o army_n out_o of_o the_o ausetane_a forest_n and_o that_o also_o whereby_o scipio_n african_a the_o elder_a 30._o see_v bo._n 3._o c._n 1._o §._o 6._o etc._n etc._n livy_n l._n 26._o lib._n 30._o discover_v the_o situation_n of_o syphax_n his_o camp_n both_o which_o we_o find_v record_v by_o livy_n who_o example_n l._n silvius_n also_o follow_v in_o the_o social_a war_n at_o esernia_n as_o frontinus_n inform_v we_o v._o of_o dumb_a sign_n which_o by_o custom_n be_v significant_a there_o be_v also_o some_o dumb_a sign_n which_o through_o custom_n be_v significant_a as_o testify_v the_o consent_n of_o the_o will_n as_o of_o old_a the_o branch_n of_o olive_n and_o among_o the_o macedonian_n the_o erection_n of_o pike_n among_o the_o roman_n the_o cover_n of_o their_o head_n with_o their_o shield_n these_o be_v then_o the_o usual_a sign_n of_o submission_n and_o rendition_n so_o also_o be_v the_o fold_n of_o the_o hand_n behind_o they_o among_o the_o persian_n and_o the_o turn_n of_o their_o shield_n and_o ensign_n downward_o among_o the_o roman_n 22._o lib._n 18._o lib._n 26._o lib._n 22._o as_o ammianus_n testify_v the_o german_n and_o from_o they_o some_o other_o nation_n express_v their_o submission_n by_o the_o hold_v forth_o of_o herb_n or_o grass_n as_o pliny_n tell_v we_o and_o they_o that_o yield_v themselves_o to_o the_o conqueror_n do_v usual_o cast_v away_o their_o arm_n and_o beg_v mercy_n as_o servius_n note_v upon_o virgil._n but_o he_o that_o will_v signify_v his_o acception_n of_o a_o surrender_n whether_o he_o be_v bind_v to_o give_v quarter_n and_o how_o far_o forth_o we_o may_v inform_v ourselves_o by_o what_o have_v be_v say_v above_o in_o our_o day_n the_o hang_v forth_o of_o a_o white_a flagg_n be_v a_o tacit_a sign_n that_o a_o treaty_n be_v demand_v so_o among_o the_o northern_a nation_n be_v the_o kindle_v of_o a_o fire_n as_o johannes_n magnus_n relate_v 30._o pliny_n l._n 15._o c._n 30._o the_o like_a do_v pliny_n write_v of_o the_o laurel_n all_o which_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o several_a nation_n be_v no_o less_o significant_a and_o consequent_o as_o obligatory_a as_o if_o they_o be_v express_v by_o word_n and_o voice_n vi_o of_o a_o tacit_a approbation_n of_o something_o demand_v a_o sponsion_n make_v by_o a_o general_n how_o far_o forth_o it_o may_v be_v believe_v to_o be_v tacit_o approve_v of_o by_o the_o prince_n or_o people_n we_o have_v already_o declare_v 17._o declare_v bo._n 3._o ch_n 4._o §._o 15._o &_o bo._n 2._o ch_n 15._o §._o 17._o as_o namely_o when_o both_o the_o act_n be_v sufficient_o know_v and_o thereupon_o some_o thing_n do_v or_o not_o do_v whereof_o no_o other_o reason_n can_v be_v give_v but_o what_o proceed_v from_o their_o consent_n to_o that_o promise_n or_o agreement_n vii_o punishment_n when_o tacit_o remit_v we_o can_v conclude_v that_o a_o punishment_n be_v remit_v because_o it_o be_v for_o a_o time_n dissemble_v or_o connive_v at_o but_o some_o other_o act_n must_v necessary_o intervene_v which_o either_o by_o itself_o may_v argue_v either_o a_o perfect_a reconciliation_n as_o when_o a_o league_n of_o friendship_n be_v make_v with_o such_o a_o man_n or_o at_o least_o that_o the_o person_n offend_v have_v so_o great_a a_o opinion_n of_o the_o virtue_n or_o the_o valour_n of_o the_o person_n punishable_a that_o what_o he_o former_o do_v deserve_v to_o be_v pardon_v whether_o this_o opinion_n be_v by_o word_n express_v or_o by_o such_o other_o mean_v as_o be_v usual_o take_v to_o signify_v as_o much_o viii_o whether_o the_o actor_n be_v pardon_v the_o instigator_n be_v also_o acquit_v another_o question_n we_o find_v discuss_v by_o polybius_n namely_o whether_o a_o punishment_n be_v remit_v to_o they_o that_o do_v the_o mischief_n may_v be_v judge_v to_o be_v remit_v to_o they_o that_o command_v it_o to_o be_v do_v which_o i_o conceive_v it_o ought_v not_o for_z singulos_fw-la tenent_fw-la sva_fw-la delicta_fw-la every_o fox_n ought_v to_o pay_v his_o own_o skin_n to_o the_o fleaer_fw-mi and_o every_o offender_n bear_v his_o own_o punishment_n a_o table_n put_v alphabetical_o guide_v to_o the_o principal_a matter_n and_o word_n contain_v in_o the_o treatise_n a._n abraham_n declare_v sarah_n to_o be_v his_o sister_n do_v not_o deny_v she_o to_o be_v his_o wife_n page_n 438_o abraham_n by_o the_o light_n of_o nature_n make_v war_n upon_o the_o four_o king_n with_o commission_n from_o god_n 13_o 15._o and_o give_v the_o ten_o of_o the_o spoil_n unto_o god_n page_n 468_o abraham_n son_n by_o keturah_n have_v legacy_n no_o land_n page_n 125_o abraham_n assist_v infidel_n in_o a_o social_n war_n page_n 185_o the_o absent_v right_o devolve_v upon_o the_o present_a page_n 114_o the_o absent_a sometime_o partake_v of_o the_o spoil_n page_n 476_o absolution_n and_o dispensation_n from_o oath_n from_o whence_o they_o arise_v 174._o to_o who_o they_o ancient_o belong_v ibid._n abstinence_n from_o spoil_v a_o country_n at_o peace_n page_n 431_o 432_o absurdity_n to_o avoid_v conjectural_a interpretation_n admit_v 197._o or_o other_o improper_a or_o figurative_a page_n 192_o 193_o what_o be_v accept_v in_o full_a of_o a_o debt_n be_v a_o discharge_v page_n 98_o acceptance_n to_o a_o promise_n that_o transfer_v a_o right_n requisite_a 154_o 155._o whether_o it_o be_v necessary_o to_o be_v make_v know_v to_o the_o promiser_n page_n 155_o acceptance_n in_o the_o behalf_n of_o another_o of_o what_o force_n page_n 156_o accusation_n criminal_a by_o none_o but_o person_n authorize_v page_n 374_o acquisition_n by_o war_n peculiar_a to_o a_o solemn_a war_n 480._o natural_o just_a 405._o original_a acquisition_n page_n 88_o acquisition_n improper_o say_v to_o belong_v to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n page_n 134_o to_o action_n two_o thing_n excite_v the_o goodness_n of_o the_o end_n and_o the_o facility_n of_o obtain_v it_o page_n 419_o act_n some_o abhor_v by_o humane_a nature_n page_n 6_o act_n contrary_a to_o oath_n sometime_o sinful_a sometime_o void_a page_n 173_o act_n beneficent_a permutatory_n page_n 157_o act_n diremptory_a commutatory_n mix_v page_n 158_o act_n general_o permit_v to_o all_o can_v just_o be_v deny_v to_o any_o without_o some_o cause_n page_n 86_o act_n in_o war_n either_o public_a or_o private_a what_o be_v take_v by_o the_o former_a be_v the_o state_n maintain_v the_o war_n what_o by_o the_o latter_a be_v they_o that_o take_v it_o page_n 472_o in_o such_o act_n of_o a_o king_n as_o private_a man_n do_v the_o civil_a law_n bind_v he_o but_o not_o in_o such_o as_o he_o do_v as_o a_o king_n page_n 177_o act_n against_o conscience_n unlawful_a page_n 411_o act_n not_o liable_a to_o humane_a law_n page_n 450_o act_n of_o king_n in_o which_o the_o law_n have_v power_n page_n 176_o act_n internal_a of_o the_o mind_n insufficient_a for_o alienation_n page_n 41_o act_n involuntary_a arise_v from_o voluntary_a natural_o account_v as_o voluntary_a page_n 203_o act_n inevitable_a to_o humane_a nature_n not_o subject_a to_o humane_a law_n 374._o nor_o such_o â—s_n be_v not_o direct_o or_o indirect_o destructive_a to_o humane_a society_n page_n 375_o act_n some_o in_o a_o just_a war_n not_o internal_o just_a page_n 498_o act_n of_o prepense_a maâ—â—â—_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v of_o humane_a frailty_n and_o be_v to_o be_v chastise_v of_o inevitable_a misfortune_n be_v to_o be_v pardon_v page_n 500_o actor_n be_v forgive_v whether_o the_o instigator_n be_v acquit_v page_n 370_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d page_n 136_o admonition_n concern_v thing_n do_v in_o a_o unjust_a war_n page_n 494_o adopt_a son_n what_o right_o a_o man_n have_v over_o they_o page_n 115_o adultery_n incest_n etc._n etc._n capital_o punish_v before_o moses_n page_n 16_o adultery_n to_o lie_v with_o a_o woman_n betroth_v to_o another_o page_n 196_o of_o adultery_n he_o that_o put_v away_o his_o wife_n and_o he_o that_o marry_v she_o both_o guilty_a by_o the_o gospel_n page_n 106_o in_o adultery_n take_v if_o the_o husband_n kill_v the_o wife_n or_o the_o wife_n her_o husband_n the_o magistrate_n may_v remit_v the_o punishment_n but_o not_o the_o sin_n page_n 374_o a_o adulterer_n and_o a_o adulteress_n to_o what_o oblige_a page_n 202_o aetolian_n soldier_n of_o fortune_n page_n 549_o age_n 30._o year_n 3._o age_n 100_o year_n
236._o under_o alexander_n deny_v to_o carry_v material_n to_o the_o temple_n of_o belus_n 428._o in_o what_o case_n not_o to_o associate_v with_o wicked_a king_n page_n 185_o ignorance_n excuse_n when_o page_n 237_o ignorant_n to_o be_v spare_v in_o a_o just_a war_n page_n 500_o ignorant_o and_o through_o ignorance_n distinguish_v ibid._n island_n and_o increment_n by_o inundation_n who_o 136._o float_a 137._o how_o distinguish_v from_o increment_n ibid._n image_n abhor_v by_o the_o persian_a magi_n 466._o to_o deface_v to_o he_o that_o believe_v to_o include_v a_o deity_n impiety_n ibid._n imperare_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d page_n 50_o impiety_n and_o open_a profaneness_n towards_o any_o that_o be_v acknowledge_v as_o god_n punishable_a page_n 392_o imprisonment_n unjust_a to_o what_o it_o oblige_v page_n 201_o importation_n of_o some_o good_n prohibit_v page_n 86_o of_o inequality_n the_o law_n of_o nation_n take_v no_o cognizance_n if_o consent_v unto_o page_n 165_o incestuous_a marriage_n forbid_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n 107._o two_o reason_n give_v against_o such_o page_n 109_o a_o increment_n what_o be_v thereby_o mean_v 138._o whether_o stop_v by_o a_o highway_n 139._o it_o be_v his_o who_o be_v the_o river_n be_v oâ—_n his_o who_o be_v the_o ground_n be_v that_o bind_v it_o 138._o it_o be_v he_o to_o who_o the_o land_n be_v grant_v if_o the_o land_n be_v arcifinious_a ibid._n if_o in_o doubt_n be_v the_o people_n ibid._n whether_o it_o may_v belong_v to_o the_o prince_n vassal_n ibid._n indian_n many_o wife_n 106._o no_n tribunal_n but_o for_o murder_n and_o injury_n do_v page_n 211_o induciae_fw-la whence_o page_n 558_o infant_n capable_a of_o dominion_n 89._o but_o not_o to_o dispose_v thereof_o without_o a_o guardian_n ibid._n so_o be_v he_o to_o inherit_v but_o not_o to_o dispose_v of_o it_o page_n 103_o infeudation_n 119._o make_v by_o king_n without_o the_o people_n consent_n void_a with_o consent_n how_o gain_v ibid._n ingratitude_n of_o the_o roman_n punish_v by_o m._n levinus_n with_o disfranchizement_n page_n 39_o to_o inhabit_v any_o country_n free_a for_o exile_n page_v 85_o injury_n fault_n mischance_n distinguish_v 500_o on_o the_o one_o side_n make_v war_n just_a on_o the_o other_o 70._o what_o oblige_v to_o restitution_n what_o not_o page_n 531_o injure_v other_o we_o ought_v not_o to_o benefit_v ourselves_o page_n 82_o injury_n do_v we_o by_o our_o country_n prince_z parent_n to_o be_v patient_o bear_v page_n 58_o injury_n intend_v only_o sometime_o punish_v page_n 383_o innocent_n to_o be_v defend_v page_n 425_o 426_o the_o innocent_a not_o to_o be_v destroy_v with_o the_o nocent_a page_n 504_o the_o innocent_a falsehood_n of_o joseph_n to_o his_o brethren_n page_n 443_o instrument_n of_o the_o plough_v not_o to_o be_v take_v in_o pawn_n page_n 514_o to_o insult_n over_o the_o vanquish_a ignoble_a page_n 506_o 507_o intent_n sometime_o equal_o punish_v with_o the_o fact_n 381._o though_o ill_o oblige_v not_o to_o restitution_n page_n 383_o invader_n command_v how_o far_o oblige_v 62._o in_o what_o case_n he_o may_v be_v kill_v by_o a_o private_a man_n page_n 65_o for_o the_o interpretation_n of_o promise_n and_o contract_v some_o rule_n page_n 193_o what_o interpretation_n give_v to_o contract_n between_o enemy_n 558._o if_o odious_a in_o their_o full_a propriety_n if_o ambiguous_a in_o the_o large_a sense_n page_n 193_o interpretation_n of_o league_n 190_o sometime_o gather_v from_o the_o context_n 191_o 192._o if_o in_o doubt_n ought_v to_o favour_v the_o weak_a page_n 548_o intestates_fw-la estate_n to_o who_o natural_o it_o descend_v page_n 122_o invasion_n make_v by_o confederate_n or_o their_o subject_n whether_o it_o break_v the_o peace_n 548._o by_o subject_n when_o attribute_v to_o the_o prince_n ibid._n by_o inundation_n the_o owner_n may_v lose_v his_o right_a page_n 137_o inundation_n and_o increment_n thereby_o gain_v page_n 136_o 137_o josephus_n in_o expound_v the_o hebrew_n law_n flatter_v the_o roman_n page_n 466_o to_o judge_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o a_o war_n between_o prince_n dangerous_a page_n 457_o the_o judge_n office_n in_o criminal_a cause_n dangerous_a page_n 373_o a_o judge_n shall_v be_v tender_o affect_v as_o a_o father_n 416_o 417._o may_v be_v punish_v his_o sentence_n be_v unjust_a but_o not_o the_o executioner_n 429._o say_v to_o be_v just_a though_o the_o sentence_n be_v unjust_a page_n 55_o in_o judgement_n the_o matter_n not_o the_o person_n to_o be_v consider_v page_n 3_o 4_o to_o judge_n of_o a_o man_n meaning_n by_o his_o speech_n how_o due_a page_n 441_o judgement_n of_o zeal_n what_o page_n 445_o judgement_n contemplative_a and_o practical_a page_n 429_o judge_v of_o the_o supreme_a power_n caâ—tions_n page_n 41_o the_o judgement_n how_o steer_v in_o doubtful_a case_n page_n 411_o against_o judgement_n though_o erroneous_a nothing_o to_o be_v do_v ibid._n judgement_n capital_a why_o by_o christ_n permit_v 372_o 373._o christian_n may_v execute_v they_o but_o not_o affect_o ibid._n jus_n and_o justice_n how_o distinguish_v page_n 494_o just_a in_o war_n what_o page_n 2_o just_a take_v strict_o what_o page_n 414_o justice_n derive_v from_o jove_n pref._n vi_o justice_n and_o valour_n usual_o attend_v by_o victory_n twelve_o justice_n expletive_a and_o attributive_a page_n 4_o just_a cause_n procure_v friend_n twelve_o just_a cause_n add_v courage_n to_o soldier_n ibid._n justice_n commutative_a or_o expletive_a page_n 3_o justice_n how_o describe_v by_o porphyry_n v._o prefer_v to_o fortitude_n x._o it_o beget_v courage_n 430._o it_o so_o give_v to_o every_o one_o his_o own_o that_o it_o detract_v not_o from_o the_o just_a right_n of_o another_o 198._o it_o shall_v extend_v itself_o to_o all_o mankind_n x_o where_o justice_n be_v not_o require_v the_o long_a sword_n take_v all_o page_n 435_o k._n keturah_n son_n by_o abraham_n receive_v gift_n or_o portion_n but_o no_o inheritance_n page_n 125_o he_o that_o kill_v a_o enemy_n in_o the_o war_n be_v guiltless_a page_n 357_o to_o kill_v a_o man_n for_o slight_a injury_n be_v againast_n charity_n 73._o in_o defence_n of_o our_o good_n natural_o not_o unlawful_a page_n 74_o to_o kill_v a_o private_a man_n be_v murder_n but_o thousand_o in_o a_o unjust_a war_n valour_n and_o virtue_n page_n 70_o to_o kill_v a_o nocturnal_a thief_n whether_o tolerate_v only_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n or_o approve_v 75_o 76._o a_o incorrigible_a malefactor_n not_o against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n page_n 368_o to_o kill_v a_o enemy_n after_o battle_n against_o charity_n page_n 506_o to_o kill_v a_o enemy_n private_o in_o his_o own_o quarter_n whether_o lawful_a page_n 462_o to_o be_v kill_v none_o for_o his_o valour_n in_o defence_n of_o his_o own_o cause_n if_o good_a page_n 568_o to_o kill_v all_o that_o have_v offend_v brutish_a page_n 501_o who_o may_v be_v just_o kill_v in_o a_o just_a war_n according_a to_o justice_n internal_a page_n 498_o king_n grant_n when_o revocable_a and_o when_o not_o 180._o their_o contract_n do_v not_o always_o bound_v their_o successor_n page_n 178_o 179_o king_n how_o they_o serve_v god_n as_o king_n page_n 17_o 18_o king_n whether_o bind_v by_o prescription_n see_v prescription_n king_n that_o make_v law_n not_o subject_a to_o law_n 377._o not_o all_o constitute_v by_o the_o people_n 40._o not_o bind_v by_o their_o own_o law_n direct_o 101._o in_o name_n some_o not_o in_o power_n 39_o whether_o he_o may_v renounce_v his_o kingdom_n so_o as_o his_o son_n shall_v not_o inherit_v page_n 131_o king_n raise_v by_o providence_n fit_a for_o the_o time_n and_o people_n 41._o they_o have_v no_o superior_a but_o god_n 40._o their_o vice_n must_v be_v bear_v with_o patience_n ibid._n to_o revile_v they_o be_v wicked_a but_o to_o kill_v they_o though_o wicked_a horrid_a page_n 39_o a_o king_n person_n to_o be_v spare_v in_o case_n of_o absolute_a necessity_n page_n 66_o king_n regard_v honour_n more_o than_o power_n yet_o do_v not_o this_o abate_v of_o their_o right_n 54._o their_o private_a act_n subject_a to_o the_o law_n page_n 177_o against_o king_n the_o law_n that_o make_v void_a any_o private_a man_n act_n by_o way_n of_o punishment_n be_v void_a ibid._n king_n promise_n contract_n and_o oath_n page_v 176_o a_o king_n word_n as_o firm_a as_o a_o oath_n page_n 175_o a_o king_n may_v null_a his_o own_o oath_n as_o private_a man_n antecedenter_v not_o consequenter_fw-la 177._o whether_o he_o may_v revoke_v his_o own_o act_n which_o he_o do_v as_o a_o king_n page_n 176_o king_n defend_v by_o severe_a law_n page_n 61_o by_o the_o contract_n of_o a_o king_n how_o the_o heir_n may_v be_v bind_v page_n 178_o how_o a_o king_n may_v be_v bind_v to_o his_o subject_n natural_o and_o how_o civil_o page_v 177_o king_n bind_v by_o their_o own_o law_n as_o a_o member_n not_o as_o the_o body_n
politic_a 377._o not_o punishable_a for_o their_o subject_n crime_n but_o for_o neglect_v of_o their_o own_o duty_n 393_o 394._o their_o oath_n may_v strengthen_v their_o power_n not_o lessen_v their_o supremacy_n page_n 44_o 45_o king_n vanquish_v what_o they_o have_v be_v the_o conqueror_n 479._o whether_o to_o be_v spare_v page_n 502_o 503_o king_n war_a for_o punishment_n bind_v to_o repair_v their_o subject_n loss_n page_n 420_o king_n though_o conquer_v yet_o substitute_v under_o the_o conqueror_n page_n 527_o king_n shall_v have_v a_o general_a care_n of_o humane_a society_n page_n 388_o the_o contract_n of_o king_n whether_o law_n and_o when_o page_n 177_o the_o king_n a_o minor_a mad_a a_o captive_n in_o who_o the_o power_n to_o make_v peace_n be_v page_n 544_o a_o king_n not_o reign_v by_o full_a right_n his_o act_n may_v be_v null_v by_o the_o people_n law_n page_n 176_o a_o king_n who_o pay_v not_o his_o army_n be_v bind_v to_o satisfy_v the_o wrong_n do_v by_o it_o page_n 533_o a_o king_n murder_v nothing_o ensue_v but_o blood_n and_o slaughter_n page_n 65_o a_o king_n may_v claim_v relief_n by_o the_o law_n against_o such_o private_a act_n of_o his_o as_o be_v occasion_v by_o fraud_n fear_n error_n and_o against_o extortion_n page_n 176_o a_o good_a king_n respect_v what_o he_o ought_v to_o do_v not_o what_o he_o may_v do_v page_n 46_o king_n of_o persia_n absolute_a yet_o swear_v not_o to_o alter_v the_o law_n page_n 45_o king_n falsify_v their_o oath_n judge_v after_o death_n ibid._n king_n of_o israel_n punish_v beat_v with_o rod_n 47._o in_o some_o case_n have_v not_o right_o to_o judge_v ibid._n kingly_a government_n assert_v by_o the_o gospel_n page_n 18_o kingdom_n absolute_a 38._o mix_v between_o monarchy_n and_o principality_n 47_o 48._o patrimonial_a if_o indivisible_a due_a to_o the_o elder_a son_n page_n 127_o kingdom_n transfer_v by_o the_o people_n be_v inheritance_n yet_o separable_a from_o other_o nor_o liable_a to_o debt_n ibid._n in_o what_o case_n alienable_a not_o possess_v in_o full_a right_n not_o alienable_a without_o the_o people_n consent_n page_n 44._o kingdom_n and_o principality_n promiscuous_o use_v page_n 41_o kingdom_n transfer_v by_o the_o people_n if_o in_o doubt_n individual_a and_o to_o descend_v rather_o to_o male_n than_o female_n 128._o more_o difficult_o keep_v than_o conquer_v 526._o how_o divide_v 143._o some_o hold_v during_o the_o people_n pleasure_n 42._o bound_a some_o by_o natural_a some_o by_o artificial_a bound_n page_n 94_o 137_o kingdom_n hold_v by_o a_o right_a usufructuary_n other_o by_o a_o full_a right_n of_o propriety_n and_o so_o alienable_a page_n 42_o kingdom_n patrimonial_a may_v descend_v to_o such_o as_o be_v near_o to_o the_o first_o king_n page_n 127_o king_n absolute_a accountable_a to_o none_o 39_o have_v a_o right_n from_o god_n to_o command_v subject_n to_o obey_v 54._o of_o judah_n can_v not_o inflict_v capital_a punishment_n but_o the_o king_n of_o israel_n may_v unless_o in_o some_o case_n page_n 63_o king_n govern_v not_o only_o according_a to_o the_o law_n but_o the_o law_n themselves_o for_o the_o public_a good_a page_n 38_o 39_o king_n in_o their_o private_a concern_v submit_v their_o case_n to_o be_v judge_v by_o the_o judge_n which_o they_o themselves_o make_v page_n 50_o l._n lacedæmonians_n prefer_v the_o son_n bear_v after_o the_o father_n be_v king_n before_o he_o bear_v before_o 132._o they_o use_v more_o craft_n than_o force_n in_o their_o war_n 437._o their_o custom_n concern_v land_n take_v page_n 410_o levinus_n his_o advice_n to_o the_o roman_a senate_n page_n 56_o land_n take_v in_o war_n be_v his_o that_o maintain_v it_o 472._o when_o say_v to_o be_v gain_v 470._o may_v be_v sell_v the_o measure_n name_v and_o yet_o not_o according_a to_o that_o measure_n page_n 137_o land_n some_o divide_a and_o artificial_o fence_v some_o assign_v by_o measure_n and_o some_o arcifinious_a page_n 94_o land_n if_o in_o doubt_v not_o judge_v arcifinious_a ibid._n now_o find_v if_o prepossess_v no_o ground_n of_o war_n if_o drown_v where_o presume_v to_o be_v desert_v page_n 137_o land_n drown_v natural_o not_o lose_v ibid._n gain_v by_o war_n several_a way_n dispose_v yet_o always_o as_o the_o people_n order_v 472._o recover_v by_o postliminy_n page_n 491_o humane_a law_n may_v ordain_v thing_n preternatural_a but_o not_o thing_n against_o nature_n page_n 81_o 89_o a_o lawmaker_n may_v take_v away_o the_o condemn_a power_n of_o the_o law_n as_o to_o particular_a act_n or_o person_n page_n 376_o 377_o law_n what_o 4._o of_o nature_n what_o it_o be_v ibid._n from_o whence_o pref._n v._o in_o some_o sense_n the_o law_n of_o god_n vi_fw-la not_o alterable_a by_o god_n himself_o 5._o distinguish_v into_o that_o which_o be_v so_o pure_o and_o that_o which_o be_v so_o for_o some_o certain_a state_n page_n 140_o the_o law_n of_o moses_n take_v in_o a_o twofold_a sense_n carnal_o and_o spiritual_o page_v 17_o law_n ceremonial_a and_o judicial_a when_o and_o how_o take_v away_o 19_o moysaicall_a have_v neither_o first_o nor_o last_o page_n 110_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n take_v place_n where_o the_o civil_a can_v be_v exercise_v page_n 368_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n explain_v by_o those_o give_v by_o god_n pref._n vi_fw-la the_o law_n of_o nature_n how_o prove_v and_o distinguish_v from_o other_o pref._n fourteen_o nothing_o in_o the_o old_a law_n repugnant_a unto_o it_o xviii_o it_o have_v sometime_o some_o show_n of_o change_n pref._n ix_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n violate_v every_o prince_n may_v make_v war_n page_n 384_o every_o man_n take_v that_o to_o be_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n that_o it_o first_o imbibe_v page_n 385_o the_o law_n do_v not_o always_o null_a what_o it_o for_o bid_v 37._o of_o tithe_n and_o the_o sabbath_n how_o oblige_v christian_n page_n 10_o a_o law_n imply_v every_o man_n express_a conseâ—t_n 517._o ground_v upon_o presumption_n of_o a_o fact_n never_o do_v oblige_v not_o page_n 152_o 153_o the_o law_n of_o holland_n for_o land_n drown_v page_n 137_o the_o roman_a law_n concern_v such_o contract_n wherein_o the_o inequality_n be_v above_o half_a the_o value_n page_n 160_o 161_o the_o law_n in_o permit_v a_o private_a man_n to_o kill_v a_o thief_n whether_o it_o free_v the_o conscience_n page_n 76_o 373_o 374_o the_o civil_a law_n may_v forbid_v what_o natural_o be_v lawful_a page_n 81_o the_o law_n of_o vsucapion_n whether_o it_o extend_v to_o the_o supreme_a power_n 101._o or_o to_o its_o part_n ibid._n the_o universal_a reason_n of_o the_o law_n particular_o fail_v in_o any_o one_o fact_n the_o law_n may_v be_v dispense_v with_o page_n 153_o 377_o how_o far_o a_o lawmaker_n oblige_v himself_o page_n 377_o etc._n etc._n hebrew_n law_n forbid_v polygamy_n and_o divorce_n page_n 105_o 106_o what_o law_n oblige_v page_n 530_o the_o hebrew_n law_n copy_n for_o christian_n except_o in_o three_o case_n page_n 10_o law_n and_o contract_n how_o they_o differ_v 178._o not_o all_o oblige_a 178_o 179._o common_a agreement_n among_o the_o people_n 150_o 151._o some_o very_a unjust_a page_n 121_o law_n adjudge_v criminal_n to_o death_n to_o be_v favourable_o interpret_v 59_o the_o divine_a law_n judge_v to_o death_n have_v sometime_o tacit_a exception_n ibid._n law_n respect_v that_o which_o be_v general_o profitable_a 56._o some_o may_v be_v make_v decree_a when_v and_o how_o the_o supreme_a shall_v be_v lose_v page_n 101_o law_n concern_v thing_n promise_v oblige_v 152._o judge_v to_o death_n the_o relation_n of_o criminal_a malefactor_n unjust_a page_n 403_o law_n civil_a concern_v the_o promise_n of_o minor_n page_v 152_o law_n pinnacle_n the_o hand_n philosophy_n the_o mind_n 160._o respect_n not_o small_a cheat_n and_o why_o ibid._n diverse_a concern_v buy_v and_o sell_v page_n 161_o law_n divine_a voluntary_a how_o different_a from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n 7._o it_o oblige_v before_o it_o be_v write_v 8._o civil_a what_o 7._o whence_o pref._n seven_o ceremonial_a when_o abrogate_a and_o the_o judicial_a when_o page_n 9_o law_n give_v to_o the_o jew_n oblige_v not_o stranger_n 8._o to_o the_o mos_n call_v law_n the_o israelite_n only_o stand_v oblige_v but_o to_o that_o of_o circumcision_n all_o abraham_n posterity_n page_n 9_o law_n have_v two_o part_n directive_n to_o king_n and_o coercive_a to_o subject_n page_n 39_o law_n give_v by_o god_n three_o time_n to_o adam_n noah_n christ_n 8._o the_o old_a not_o useless_a by_o the_o come_n of_o the_o new_a pref._n xviii_o law_n shall_v command_v thing_n possible_a 375._o give_v testimony_n of_o their_o integrity_n page_n 430_o law_n differ_v from_o counsel_n and_o how_o 3_o 4._o and_o from_o permission_n and_o how_o page_n 4._o a_o law_n make_v against_o murderer_n by_o force_n and_o arm_n judge_v all_o
sort_n of_o murderer_n page_n 196_o 197_o law_n guide_v to_o wisdom_n pref._n ix_o law_n may_v so_o far_o proceed_v against_o a_o king_n as_o to_o evidence_n the_o right_n of_o the_o creditor_n but_o not_o to_o compel_v he_o page_n 177_o 178_o contrary_a to_o law_n thing_n do_v not_o null_v unless_o so_o express_v by_o the_o law_n itself_o page_n 147_o law_n bound_v not_o in_o case_n of_o extreme_a necessity_n page_n 567_o law_n make_v to_o avoid_v great_a mischief_n only_o must_v not_o be_v so_o understand_v as_o to_o make_v that_o sinful_a which_o be_v otherwise_o lawful_a page_n 483_o law_n without_o a_o coercive_a power_n external_o weak_a pref._n ix_o law_n and_o arm_n oppose_v pref._n two_o the_o six_o law_n give_v to_o adam_n what_o page_n 8_o there_o be_v the_o same_o law_n where_o be_v the_o same_o reason_n or_o equity_n page_n 196_o humane_a law_n to_o be_v interpret_v with_o some_o allowance_n for_o humane_a frailty_n page_n 59_o the_o law_n in_o prohibit_v double_v the_o offence_n 380._o of_o moses_n erroneous_o quote_v for_o that_o of_o nature_n pref._n xviii_o without_o law_n no_o community_n can_v consist_v pref._n ix_o law_n humane_a depend_v upon_o the_o will_n of_o the_o maker_n for_o their_o institution_n and_o continuation_n page_n 21_o 22_o law_n may_v bind_v as_o to_o humane_a judgement_n that_o bound_v not_o the_o conscience_n 483._o nor_o bind_v long_o than_o the_o coercive_a power_n last_v ibid._n severe_a in_o the_o defence_n of_o king_n page_n 61_o law_n command_v strong_a than_o those_o that_o permit_v and_o those_o that_o forbid_v strong_a than_o those_o that_o command_v page_n 199_o the_o reason_n of_o a_o law_n particular_o fail_v shall_v not_o exempt_v that_o case_n from_o the_o law_n but_o it_o may_v be_v dispense_v with_o page_n 35_o lawful_a take_v either_o for_o that_o which_o be_v just_a and_o honest_a or_o for_o that_o which_o be_v not_o punishable_a page_n 456_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n how_o beneficial_a pref._n ix_o it_o be_v like_o the_o soul_n in_o the_o body_n page_n 451_o humane_a law_n depend_v upon_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lawmaker_n both_o for_o their_o institution_n and_o continuation_n page_n 377_o a_o league_n what_o 181._o when_o say_v to_o be_v renew_v 187._o void_a if_o by_o either_o break_a ibid._n of_o league_n the_o ancient_a to_o be_v prefer_v ibid._n that_o make_v with_o a_o free_a people_n real_a ibid._n that_o with_o a_o king_n not_o always_o personal_a ibid._n a_o league_n hold_v with_o a_o people_n or_o a_o lawful_a king_n though_o exile_v his_o kingdom_n but_o not_o with_o a_o usurper_n page_n 195_o league_n equal_a or_o unequal_a page_n 183_o league_n how_o they_o differ_v from_o sponsion_n ibid._n league_n unequal_a 48_o 183_o 184._o give_v no_o jurisdiction_n proper_o page_n 49_o in_o unequal_a league_n king_n or_o people_n may_v be_v equal_a in_o freedom_n though_o not_o in_o dignity_n ibid._n in_o league_n who_o be_v superior_a page_n 49_o 50_o league_n some_o require_v exact_a natural_a right_n only_o and_o why_o 182._o its_o breach_n be_v a_o matter_n odious_a page_n 193_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o league_n may_v be_v say_v in_o some_o thing_n to_o command_v page_n 49_o 50_o in_o leaugues_n unequal_a the_o danger_n whence_o page_n 51_o league_n unequal_a contract_v sometime_o where_o no_o war_n be_v 184._o whether_o to_o be_v make_v with_o man_n of_o different_a religion_n ibid._n this_o prove_v by_o experience_n 185_o 186._o some_o caution_n page_n 186_o league_n forbid_v to_o be_v make_v with_o some_o nation_n and_o why_o page_n 184_o of_o league_n some_o favourable_a some_o odious_a some_o personal_a some_o real_a page_n 195_o league_n of_o peace_n and_o society_n these_o either_o for_o commerce_n or_o war_n page_n 182_o 183_o whether_o they_o that_o be_v unequal_o league_v have_v the_o right_n of_o embassage_n page_n 206_o league_n divide_v page_n 182_o a_o league_n for_o a_o set_a time_n not_o by_o silence_n renew_v page_n 187_o no_o league_n bind_v to_o a_o unjust_a war_n page_n 186_o no_o breach_n of_o league_n to_o defend_v the_o injure_a party_n if_o in_o other_o thing_n the_o peace_n be_v keep_v page_n 194_o league_n never_o make_v but_o between_o sovereign_a prince_n page_n 181_o league_n of_o joshua_n with_o the_o gibeonite_n 169_o he_o may_v not_o make_v a_o league_n with_o the_o canaanite_n and_o why_o page_n 184_o in_o league_n word_n of_o art_n interpret_v according_a to_o art_n 191._o the_o strong_a give_v the_o great_a power_n the_o weak_a the_o great_a honour_n 49_o 50._o this_o article_n not_o to_o make_v war_n without_o consent_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o a_o offensive_a war_n only_a page_n 194_o a_o league_n make_v with_o a_o free_a people_n be_v real_a and_o bind_v though_o they_o admit_v of_o king_n unless_o make_v with_o other_o free_a city_n to_o defend_v their_o liberty_n page_n 195_o the_o lenity_n of_o the_o ancient_a father_n towards_o they_o that_o err_v in_o thing_n divine_a page_n 391_o letter_n of_o marque_n page_n 448_o liberty_n personal_a recover_v by_o postliminy_n 489._o or_o peace_n which_o to_o be_v prefer_v page_n 419_o the_o liberty_n of_o a_o people_n what_o it_o signify_v 42_o 43_o etc._n etc._n of_o make_v war_n not_o rash_o to_o be_v believe_v to_o be_v renounce_v page_n 193_o the_o liberty_n of_o subject_n oblige_v by_o the_o fact_n of_o their_o superior_n page_v 447_o liberty_n natural_a be_v to_o live_v where_o we_o listen_v page_n 115_o liberty_n the_o usual_a cloak_n of_o ambition_n page_n 65_o liberty_n lose_v to_o recover_v no_o just_a cause_n of_o war_n page_n 407_o liberty_n some_o leave_v the_o conquer_a may_v secure_v the_o conqueror_n page_n 527_o life_n prefer_v before_o liberty_n page_n 419_o the_o lesser_a number_n to_o yield_v to_o the_o great_a not_o natural_a page_n 139_o long_a possession_n see_v possession_n lot_n sometime_o end_v a_o war_n page_n 551_o love_n of_o parent_n towards_o their_o child_n more_o natural_a than_o that_o of_o child_n towards_o parent_n page_n 123_o a_o lie_v strict_o take_v what_o 440._o forbid_a 439._o by_o some_o good_a author_n in_o some_o case_n approve_v 440._o a_o wholesome_a lie_n the_o jocular_a and_o charitable_a not_o much_o blame_v page_n 442_o 443_o the_o form_n of_o a_o lie_n what_o 441._o whether_o natural_o unlawful_a ibid._n to_o lie_v and_o to_o tell_v a_o lie_n difference_v by_o gellius_n page_n 440_o lie_n our_o refuge_n in_o danger_n rahab_v lie_v page_n 443_o no_o lie_n if_o by_o a_o untruth_n speak_v by_o i_o a_o by-stander_n be_v deceive_v page_n 442_o of_o lie_n the_o schoolman_n admit_v not_o but_o they_o do_v of_o equivocation_n page_n 443_o 444_o a_o lie_n to_o preserve_v life_n whether_o lawful_a page_n 443_o to_o lie_n to_o a_o enemy_n lawful_a 439_o 443._o to_o be_v understand_v of_o word_n assertory_n not_o promissory_a 443_o 444._o yet_o not_o if_o bind_v by_o oath_n ibid._n from_o lie_v to_o abstain_v even_o to_o a_o enemy_n magnanimous_a page_n 444_o lie_v to_o be_v exclude_v in_o all_o contract_n in_o a_o market_n page_n 441_o to_o lie_n in_o time_n and_o place_n fit_v the_o part_n of_o stoical_a wisdom_n page_n 440_o lie_v ill_o become_v a_o prince_n 444._o fear_n and_o poverty_n make_v liar_n ibid._n for_o lie_v and_o perjury_n the_o punishment_n the_o same_o page_n 175_o it_o be_v no_o lie_n if_o in_o a_o amphibology_n our_o word_n agree_v with_o either_o sense_n though_o misunderstand_v page_n 440_o m._n maccabee_n resistance_n what_o page_n 60_o macedonian_n put_v all_o that_o be_v of_o kin_n to_o traitor_n to_o death_n page_n 403_o magistrate_n shall_v punish_v offender_n as_o parent_n do_v child_n page_n 417_o magistrate_n kill_v man_n be_v innocent_a but_o private_a man_n do_v the_o same_o be_v murderer_n 374._o whether_o they_o may_v remit_v punishment_n 375._o inferior_n must_v not_o resist_v the_o supreme_a 58._o why_o choose_v 376._o they_o must_v judge_v according_a to_o law_n but_o prince_n the_o law_n themselves_o page_n 377_o no_o magistrate_n choose_v without_o a_o appeal_n to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n page_n 65_o magistrate_n inferior_a may_v reduce_v rebel_n in_o a_o case_n of_o imminent_a danger_n page_n 35_o magistrate_n christian_n in_o st._n paul_n time_n page_n 18_o magistrate_n among_o the_o jew_n do_v not_o resist_v their_o king_n though_o wicked_a 57_o in_o what_o case_n oblige_v to_o reparation_n of_o damage_n 203._o how_o far_o they_o may_v oblige_v citizen_n page_n 564_o magistrate_n not_o take_v caution_n from_o privateer_n whether_o oblige_v for_o the_o wrong_n they_o do_v to_o their_o friend_n page_n 203_o the_o magnanimity_n of_o the_o roman_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o greek_n page_n 445_o mahometan_n hold_v a_o necessity_n of_o restitution_n page_n 495_o majesty_n take_v for_o the_o dignity_n of_o the_o person_n govern_v 49._o what_o that_o
be_v understand_v as_o he_o understand_v to_o who_o they_o be_v make_v 167._o call_v vow_n and_o why_o 172._o the_o end_n of_o all_o controversy_n 172._o bound_v not_o to_o thing_n unlawful_a 169._o of_o joshua_n to_o the_o gibeonite_n bind_v page_n 168_o 169_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o roman_a soldier_n to_o the_o carthaginian_n bind_v page_n 167_o 168_o a_o oath_n not_o to_o be_v too_o far_o wrest_v 169._o not_o to_o do_v good_a not_o bind_v 170._o nor_o that_o which_o hinder_v a_o great_a good_a ibid._n can_v bind_v to_o impossibility_n ibid._n by_o false_a god_n bind_v 171._o by_o the_o creature_n oblige_v ibid._n by_o fraud_n or_o fear_n extort_a must_v be_v fulfil_v for_o the_o oath_n sake_n 172._o make_v to_o pirate_n or_o tyrant_n oblige_v ibid._n in_o oath_n two_o thing_n requisite_a truth_n in_o word_n and_o fidelity_n in_o action_n ibid._n over_o subject_n oath_n what_o power_n superior_n have_v page_n 173_o by_o a_o false_a oath_n to_o deceive_v a_o enemy_n perjury_n page_n 172_o of_o oath_n some_o be_v assertory_n and_o some_o promissory_a 174._o the_o latter_a forbid_v by_o james_n and_o christ_n ibid._n oath_n shall_v except_v necessity_n and_o coaction_n page_n 123_o from_o oath_n absolution_n from_o whence_o original_o page_v 174_o by_o oath_n promise_v make_v in_o what_o case_n oblige_v not_o page_n 173_o a_o honest_a man_n word_n as_o good_a as_o his_o oath_n page_n 175_o a_o oath_n to_o perform_v king_n bind_v before_o god_n page_n 177_o oath_n from_o subject_n shall_v have_v this_o restriction_n unless_o my_o king_n command_v the_o contrary_a ibid._n philip_n of_o macedon_n regardless_o of_o oath_n page_n 537_o the_o form_n of_o oath_n military_a page_n 28_o to_o obey_v more_o natural_a to_o some_o nation_n than_o to_o command_v page_n 38_o obedience_n in_o what_o case_n necessary_a 55_o 56_o 429._o sometime_o unlawful_a 427._o especial_o in_o thing_n forbid_v by_o god_n or_o nature_n 53._o to_o command_n unjust_a not_o due_a 429._o ready_o yield_v by_o he_o that_o understand_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o law_n page_n 430_o obedience_n to_o parent_n and_o sustentation_n to_o child_n due_a 123._o yet_o it_o can_v justify_v our_o disobedience_n to_o god_n page_n 427_o obligation_n restrain_v the_o faculty_n or_o the_o exercise_n of_o such_o a_o act_n only_o the_o difference_n page_n 47_o 48_o obligation_n feudal_n see_v feudal_n obligation_n arise_v from_o dominion_n page_n 146_o obligation_n internal_a give_v no_o right_a to_o another_o page_n 151_o obligation_n all_o require_v deliberation_n page_n 551_o 552_o obligation_n by_o officer_n with_o our_o default_n from_o what_o law_n it_o proceed_v page_n 203_o 204_o king_n may_v be_v oblige_v either_o natural_o or_o civil_o page_v 177_o oblige_a we_o may_v be_v by_o another_o page_n 154_o oblige_v we_o may_v whatsoever_o we_o have_v absolute_a power_n in_o or_o over_o page_n 400_o 401_o oblige_a we_o may_v be_v to_o a_o pirate_n or_o robber_n be_v not_o terrify_v by_o fear_n page_n 538_o oblige_a a_o man_n may_v be_v by_o some_o delinquency_n page_n 200_o oblige_a none_o can_v be_v to_o a_o unjust_a war_n page_n 187_o of_o obligation_n without_o compulsion_n example_n page_n 211_o obstinacy_n to_o defend_v our_o own_o party_n no_o just_a cause_n to_o kill_v a_o enemy_n page_n 508_o by_o the_o occasion_n of_o another_o sin_n a_o man_n may_v suffer_v though_o that_o sin_n be_v not_o the_o cause_n of_o his_o suffer_a page_n 401_o occupancy_n its_o right_n where_o thing_n be_v in_o common_a page_n 78_o by_o occupancy_n what_o every_o one_o have_v be_v the_o first_o rise_v of_o propriety_n page_n 79_o of_o occupancy_n after_o the_o communion_n be_v lose_v page_n 80_o occupancy_n presume_v thing_n bound_v 81._o as_o land_n by_o manor_n or_o farm_n ibid._n of_o empire_n and_o of_o dominion_n as_o distinguish_v from_o empire_n 88_o it_o be_v the_o original_a way_n to_o gain_v dominion_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n page_n 135_o what_o if_o it_o be_v of_o a_o place_n pray_fw-mi occupy_v by_o man_n irrational_a page_n 407_o the_o occupant_a in_o doubtful_a case_n have_v the_o best_a title_n page_n 414_o to_o the_o ancient_a occupant_n land_n restore_v by_o the_o emperor_n honorius_n after_o three_o hundred_o year_n page_n 492_o odious_a promise_n which_o 192._o how_o to_o be_v interpret_v ibid._n league_n and_o promise_n if_o in_o doubt_n be_v personal_a page_n 194_o offender_n be_v demand_v when_o to_o be_v deliver_v page_n 395_o 396_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 439._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d page_n 407_o old_a man_n in_o war_n to_o be_v spare_v page_n 505_o none_n the_o same_o old_a as_o young_a page_n 141_o opinion_n concern_v god_n be_v not_o easy_o demonstrable_a no_o cause_n of_o war_n page_n 389_o our_o opinion_n especial_o concern_v religion_n hardly_o part_v from_o page_n 391_o oppression_n notorious_a a_o just_a cause_n of_o war_n if_o without_o danger_n to_o ourselves_o page_n 424_o oppression_n of_o subject_n where_o great_a than_o the_o misery_n of_o war_n war_n may_v be_v make_v against_o tyrant_n page_n 421_o ordinance_n of_o god_n in_o what_o sense_n kingly_a power_n be_v say_v page_n 18_o order_n what_o among_o equal_n or_o associate_n page_n 114_o the_o order_n of_o such_o as_o have_v equal_a share_n in_o thing_n ibid._n in_o what_o order_n they_o be_v bind_v to_o restore_v who_o have_v occasion_v damage_n page_n 201_o 202_o the_o order_n of_o christian_a king_n sit_v in_o council_n page_n 114_o original_a acquisition_n page_n 88_o owner_n right_a not_o know_v none_o bind_v to_o restore_v page_n 149_o the_o right_a owner_n transfer_v his_o interest_n be_v a_o sure_a title_n page_n 151_o ox_n forbid_v to_o be_v eat_v to_o be_v spare_v in_o war_n page_n 514_o p._n papinianus_n put_v to_o death_n for_o not_o defend_v parricide_n page_n 428_o parent_n to_o be_v nourish_v 123._o though_o severe_a to_o be_v obey_v 57_o to_o be_v reverence_v as_o god_n pref._n seven_o honour_n and_o obedience_n due_a to_o they_o 123._o differ_v in_o their_o command_n whether_o to_o obey_v 103._o their_o right_a to_o sell_v or_o pawn_v their_o child_n what_o 104._o their_o right_a over_o their_o child_n different_a according_a to_o their_o several_a age_n and_o condition_n 103_o 104_o their_o estate_n due_a to_o their_o child_n by_o a_o twofold_a right_n 124._o whether_o they_o owe_v any_o part_n of_o their_o good_n to_o their_o child_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n 122._o their_o love_n to_o their_o child_n more_o natural_a than_o their_o child_n to_o they_o 123._o their_o power_n to_o punish_v as_o well_o as_o to_o govern_v their_o child_n 104._o never_o exheredate_v their_o child_n until_o they_o prove_v incorrigible_a 416_o 417._o their_o marriage_n with_o their_o child_n unnatural_a page_n 107_o parliament_n to_o what_o end_n call_v page_n 42_o a_o parley_n demand_v and_o accept_v render_v both_o side_n secure_a 569._o during_o each_o may_v promote_v his_o own_o interest_n so_o that_o he_o hurt_v not_o the_o other_o ibid._n under_o pretence_n of_o a_o parley_n bituitus_n be_v treacherous_o take_v captive_a by_o the_o roman_n ibid._n parricide_n page_n 28_o particular_n if_o they_o consent_v not_o not_o punishable_a for_o the_o whole_a page_n 399_o partition_n just_a where_o the_o title_n be_v dubious_a and_o neither_o possess_v page_n 414_o passage_n deny_v may_v be_v by_o arm_n force_v page_n 83_o passage_n by_o land_n or_o sea_n common_a to_o all_o ibid._n how_o army_n may_v pass_v safe_o without_o danger_n page_n 84_o passionate_a act_n more_o pardonable_a than_o deliberate_a page_n 380_o pater_fw-la patratus_fw-la what_o page_n 546_o patience_n commend_v by_o christ_n example_n 63._o prefer_v before_o revenge_n 33._o in_o bear_v reproach_n 21_o 22_o 23._o in_o a_o governor_n or_o in_o a_o state_n punishable_a page_n 393_o patrimony_n distinguish_v from_o the_o profit_n of_o it_o page_n 120_o paul_n refuse_v not_o a_o guard_n of_o soldier_n page_n 20_o parent_n that_o receive_v to_o what_o bind_v page_n 160_o peace_n profitable_a to_o the_o victor_n vanquish_v and_o those_o of_o equal_a power_n 572._o once_o obtain_v to_o be_v religious_o keep_v 571._o its_o article_n how_o to_o be_v understand_v 546_o 547._o all_o of_o they_o to_o be_v equal_o observe_v 549_o 572._o when_o say_v to_o be_v break_v 548._o to_o be_v embrace_v though_o with_o loss_n 572._o not_o to_o be_v patch_v up_o but_o firm_o make_v 547._o be_v make_v all_o public_a injury_n though_o then_o unknown_a presume_v to_o be_v remit_v 547._o to_o purchase_n from_o a_o enemy_n too_o potent_a no_o dishonour_n page_n 418_o for_o peace_n whether_o the_o good_n of_o the_o crown_n be_v alienable_a 544._o or_o the_o good_n of_o subject_n 545._o the_o empire_n or_o any_o part_n thereof_o ibid._n peace_n by_o who_o it_o may_v be_v make_v 544._o be_v make_v by_o
whether_o by_o force_n or_o fraud_n justifiable_a page_n 437_o 438_o protectorship_n in_o the_o minority_n or_o disability_n of_o king_n to_o who_o page_n 44_o protection_n take_v not_o away_o civil_a liberty_n 49._o it_o do_v not_o always_o argue_v subjection_n 50._o due_a to_o the_o oppress_a but_o not_o to_o wilful_a malefactor_n page_n 496_o provocation_n to_o sin_n wbence_n 379._o cause_n of_o restrain_v ibid._n prudenceâ—onversant_a â—onversant_z about_o thing_n indifferent_a call_v the_o tree_n of_o knowledge_n of_o good_a and_o evil_n 79._o a_o virtue_n proper_a to_o prince_n justice_n to_o man_n as_o man_n page_v 418_o 419_o 430_o prudential_n rule_n guide_v we_o in_o the_o choice_n of_o thing_n good_a page_n 430_o pupil_n not_o bind_v to_o pay_v debt_n unless_o they_o gain_v by_o what_o they_o borrow_v page_n 147_o public_a good_a prefer_v before_o private_a page_n 56_o public_a remonstrance_n forbid_v the_o importation_n of_o good_n before_o they_o can_v be_v make_v prize_n page_n 436_o 437_o public_a profit_n prefer_v before_o honesty_n confute_v pref._n x_o public_a safety_n consist_v in_o well_o command_v and_o well_o obey_v page_n 57_o public_a thing_n distinguish_v from_o thing_n common_a page_n 89_o punishment_n of_o king_n what_o page_n 41_o punishment_n what_o 362._o the_o cure_n of_o wickedness_n ibid._n proportionable_a to_o the_o crime_n ibid._n sometime_o public_a when_o the_o sin_n be_v secret_a ibid._n how_o say_v to_o be_v due_a page_n 363_o to_o punish_v all_o sin_n equal_o unjust_a page_n 362_o punishment_n to_o what_o end_n ordain_v 363_o 365_o all_o refer_v to_o the_o time_n to_o come_v 364._o not_o as_o sweet_a to_o the_o punisher_n but_o profitable_a to_o the_o punish_v ibid._n god_n punish_v sometime_o to_o show_v his_o power_n and_o mere_o for_o revenge_v ibid._n to_o punish_v the_o incorrigible_a with_o death_n better_a than_o to_o suffer_v they_o to_o live_v page_n 366_o to_o punish_v any_o man_n have_v a_o right_a natural_o that_o be_v himself_o innocent_a page_n 367_o by_o punishment_n what_o benefit_n accrue_v page_n 368_o of_o punishment_n exemplary_a ibid._n all_o punishment_n not_o remit_v to_o the_o penitent_a objection_n answer_v first_o from_o god_n mercy_n page_n 372_o punishment_n not_o all_o capital_a 376._o not_o necessary_a when_o the_o end_n may_v be_v attain_v without_o it_o ibid._n may_v be_v remit_v both_o before_o and_o after_o the_o penal_a law_n be_v past_a page_n 376_o 377_o of_o punishment_n some_o may_v be_v remit_v some_o severe_o exact_v some_o may_v be_v either_o page_n 376_o from_o punishment_n some_o cause_n exempt_a offender_n page_n 377_o punishment_n shall_v be_v proportion_v to_o merit_v 378._o do_v not_o always_o argue_v civil_a jurisdiction_n 385._o vary_v according_a to_o the_o capacity_n of_o the_o offender_n to_o judge_v between_o good_a and_o evil_a page_n 380_o 381_o beast_n proper_o not_o punishable_a page_n 401_o punishment_n by_o bare_a counter-passion_n reject_v page_n 381_o in_o punish_a regard_n to_o be_v have_v to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o person_n punish_v ibid._n no_o acceptation_n of_o person_n ibid._n the_o punishment_n of_o cattle_n steal_v out_o of_o the_o field_n or_o out_o of_o the_o house_n ibid._n punishment_n ought_v to_o be_v mild_a than_o the_o law_n 382._o exemplary_a upon_o such_o only_a as_o be_v incorrigible_a ibid._n of_o punishment_n a_o man_n may_v partake_v by_o reception_n of_o malefactor_n 395._o and_o how_o otherwise_o page_n 393_o punishment_n of_o individual_n be_v death_n of_o city_n desolation_n 399._o communicate_v between_o body_n politic_a and_o its_o member_n how_o far_a ibid._n how_o a_o man_n may_v be_v involve_v in_o the_o punishment_n that_o be_v not_o partaker_n of_o the_o crime_n with_o some_o caution_n page_n 400_o for_o what_o the_o major_a part_n decree_n the_o minor_a dissent_v be_v not_o punishable_a page_n 399_o none_n punish_v proper_o for_o the_o sin_n of_o another_o page_n 401_o punishment_n for_o public_a injury_n may_v be_v exact_v at_o any_o time_n during_o the_o offender_n life_n 400._o may_v be_v remit_v or_o mitigate_v for_o some_o precede_a merit_n page_n 417_o punishment_n better_o remit_v than_o exact_v by_o war_n especial_o by_o injure_a king_n page_n 416_o 417_o when_o punishment_n be_v tacit_o remit_v page_n 570_o in_o punishment_n the_o measure_n whence_o collect_v page_n 379_o in_o punishment_n retrospection_n to_o be_v have_v to_o our_o former_a life_n ibid._n punishment_n once_o due_a may_v at_o any_o time_n be_v exact_v page_n 399_o all_o punishment_n if_o great_a have_v somewhat_o of_o justice_n in_o they_o but_o somewhat_o also_o that_o be_v repugnant_a to_o charity_n page_n 376_o the_o purpose_n and_o intention_n only_o sometime_o punish_v page_n 383_o q._n qualification_n natural_a transfer_v no_o right_a page_n 368_o a_o question_n put_v if_o in_o the_o whole_a it_o can_v be_v assent_v unto_o it_o must_v be_v discuss_v in_o part_n page_n 114_o the_o quarrel_n be_v begin_v by_o he_o that_o provoke_v it_o page_n 499_o r._n rabirius_n perfidious_o deal_v with_o by_o marius_n page_n 565_o ransom_n agree_v bind_v though_o the_o prisoner_n be_v of_o better_a quality_n than_o be_v suppose_v page_n 562_o the_o ransom_n of_o prisoner_n vary_v page_n 523_o redemption_n of_o captive_n much_o favour_v among_o christian_n 561._o whether_o it_o may_v be_v lawful_o forbid_a page_n 562_o ransom_n whether_o chargeable_a upon_o the_o heir_n ibid._n a_o rape_n commit_v in_o the_o field_n and_o in_o the_o city_n the_o difference_n page_n 75_o ravishment_n whether_o in_o war_n lawful_a 463._o the_o most_o civilise_a nation_n restrain_v it_o 464._o against_o it_o no_o law_n extant_a before_o moses_n page_n 110_o reason_n adequate_v what_o it_o operate_v 408._o the_o foundation_n of_o law_n 6._o nature_n best_a guide_n page_n 11_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o law_n direct_v we_o to_o the_o meaning_n of_o it_o 192._o none_n so_o ready_o obey_v as_o he_o that_o know_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o law_n ibid._n the_o reason_n of_o the_o law_n not_o always_o the_o same_o with_o the_o meaning_n of_o the_o law_n ibid._n when_o the_o self_n same_o reason_n justify_v a_o extend_a signification_n of_o the_o word_n of_o a_o promise_n page_n 196_o 197_o the_o reception_n of_o malefactor_n tolerate_v unless_o they_o be_v such_o as_o disturb_v the_o peace_n page_n 398_o 399_o 550_o 551_o the_o reception_n of_o exile_n fugitive_n and_o such_o as_o come_v to_o inhabit_v no_o breach_n of_o peace_n page_n 550_o 551_o redemption_n of_o captive_n much_o favour_v ibid._n the_o redeem_a how_o far_o bind_v to_o the_o redeemer_n page_n 490_o for_o the_o redemption_n of_o captive_n the_o consecrate_a vessel_n sell_v page_n 561_o reformado_n what_o they_o may_v do_v by_o internal_a justice_n either_o in_o respect_n of_o themselves_o or_o their_o prince_n 535._o what_o christian_a charity_n require_v of_o they_o ibid._n refuge_n city_n of_o what_o use_n page_n 397_o regal_a power_n exercise_v by_o the_o roman_a dictator_n though_o not_o under_o the_o title_n of_o king_n page_n 41_o relief_n send_v to_o a_o town_n close_o besiege_v to_o what_o it_o oblige_v page_n 435_o religion_n man_n chance_n not_o choice_n every_o nation_n think_v his_o own_o best_a 389._o in_o what_o sense_n it_o belong_v unto_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n 387._o it_o restrain_v both_o prince_n and_o people_n 386._o how_o necessary_a for_o humane_a society_n ibid._n its_o foundation_n be_v to_o know_v god_n and_o his_o providence_n 388_o 382._o it_o depend_v among_o the_o jew_n upon_o no_o other_o humane_a authority_n than_o upon_o the_o king_n and_o sanhedrim_n 59_o in_o defence_n of_o our_o religion_n and_o liberty_n war_n lawful_a page_n 416_o religion_n free_o leave_v to_o the_o conquer_a no_o prejudice_n to_o the_o conqueror_n page_n 527_o religious_a place_n obnoxious_a to_o the_o licence_n of_o war_n 465._o they_o ought_v to_o be_v spare_v page_n 515_o to_o remit_v punishment_n sometime_o better_a than_o to_o exact_v they_o page_n 376_o renegado_n punishable_a when_o page_n 396_o rent_n not_o to_o be_v abate_v for_o a_o barren_a year_n page_n 162_o renunciation_n of_o a_o kingdom_n whether_o it_o prejudice_v the_o child_n bear_v or_o unborn_a page_n 124_o 125_o 131_o reparation_n for_o damage_n do_v primary_o and_o secondary_o 201._o he_o that_o encourage_v or_o commend_v a_o malefactor_n be_v bind_v ibid._n to_o reparation_n how_o far_o a_o homicide_n be_v bind_v 202._o so_o for_o mutilation_n loss_n of_o liberty_n adultery_n ravishment_n robbery_n defraud_v of_o the_o king_n custom_n ibid._n the_o principal_n and_o accessary_n how_o far_o bind_v to_o repair_v damage_n page_n 201_o to_o reparation_n they_o be_v not_o bind_v that_o omit_v what_o in_o charity_n be_v due_a ibid._n reparation_n for_o damage_n do_v to_o friend_n by_o letter_n of_o marque_n grant_v against_o enemy_n whether_o due_a from_o the_o grantors_n page_n 203_o
representative_a succession_n admit_v by_o the_o hebrew_n 124._o when_o in_o doubt_n to_o be_v allow_v of_o ibid._n but_o late_o admit_v among_o the_o german_n ibid._n reprizal_n what_o 448._o the_o sea-law_n concern_v they_o 435_o 436._o their_o right_o reach_v not_o to_o the_o life_n of_o such_o as_o be_v innocent_a 448._o they_o may_v be_v take_v when_o no_o war_n be_v denounce_v page_n 447_o when_o the_o right_a of_o reprizal_n pass_v to_o they_o that_o take_v they_o page_n 449_o concern_v reprisal_n their_o difference_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o what_o person_n and_o good_n be_v exempt_v page_n 450_o thing_n take_v without_o the_o territory_n of_o either_o party_n whether_o lawful_a prize_n page_n 480_o res_fw-la rapere_fw-la res_fw-la reddere_fw-la what_o page_n 456_o request_v of_o a_o superior_a in_o a_o league_n equivalent_a to_o a_o command_n page_n 51_o to_o require_v thing_n what_o it_o signify_v page_n 453_o require_v what_o be_v before_o war_n be_v denounce_v page_n 452_o resistance_n of_o the_o supreme_a power_n whether_o in_o extreme_a necessity_n lawful_a 54_o 55._o disallow_v by_o the_o primitive_a christian_n even_o to_o persecute_v emperor_n 57_o 58._o unlawful_a by_o the_o gospel_n 55._o the_o opinion_n of_o barklay_n concern_v it_o 63._o in_o what_o case_n lawful_a 59_o 60_o justifiable_a by_o inevitable_a necessity_n by_o the_o example_n of_o david_n and_o the_o maccabee_n 60._o natural_o lawful_a civil_o not_o 53._o and_o why_o page_n 54_o obstinate_a resistance_n justify_v not_o the_o kill_n of_o man_n internal_o page_v 508_o resistance_n in_o some_o case_n may_v be_v reserve_v in_o the_o translation_n of_o kingdom_n page_n 60_o to_o restitution_n who_o be_v oblige_v either_o by_o do_v or_o not_o do_v page_n 201_o restitution_n arise_v from_o dominion_n page_n 146_o no_o restitution_n of_o thing_n which_o be_v another_o if_o in_o case_n they_o perish_v if_o in_o case_n we_o use_v they_o think_v they_o our_o own_o 148._o yet_o be_v we_o bind_v restore_v the_o profit_n if_o any_o be_v ibid._n restitution_n must_v be_v make_v of_o the_o thing_n and_o profit_n 147._o necessary_a to_o repentance_n 495._o it_o must_v be_v make_v to_o the_o right_a owner_n 147._o not_o due_a in_o some_o case_n page_n 149_o restitution_n intend_v justify_v not_o rapine_n unless_o in_o a_o case_n of_o absolute_a necessity_n page_n 149_o thing_n buy_v or_o deposit_v may_v be_v restore_v to_o their_o right_a owner_n page_n 149_o restitution_n of_o thing_n take_v in_o a_o unjust_a war_n 528._o what_o may_v be_v deduct_v 529._o it_o must_v be_v to_o the_o full_a page_n 496_o no_o restitution_n of_o place_n or_o person_n free_o surrender_v unless_o so_o express_v page_n 546_o of_o restore_a thing_n after_o war_n some_o caution_n page_n 547_o no_o restitution_n in_o a_o just_a war_n sometime_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o evil_a intention_n in_o its_o prosecution_n page_n 331_o restitution_n where_o the_o câ—â—se_n of_o war_n be_v doubtful_a how_o to_o be_v moderate_v page_n 530_o restitution_n of_o thing_n take_v from_o the_o enemy_n who_o hold_v they_o unjust_o page_v 451_o 452_o to_o restitution_n who_o be_v whole_o and_o who_o in_o part_n bind_v page_n 202_o retaliation_n not_o to_o extend_v beyond_o the_o person_n offend_v 461_o 539._o agreeable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n 367._o tolerate_v under_o the_o law_n to_o avoid_v great_a mischief_n 371._o not_o to_o be_v exact_v by_o christian_n ibid._n in_o what_o sense_n require_v by_o the_o hebrew_n its_o use_n both_o among_o hebrew_n and_o roman_n ibid._n retreat_z sounding_z to_o kill_v a_o enemy_n be_v homicide_n page_n 534_o return_v to_o the_o enemy_n who_o may_v be_v say_v page_n 531_o revenge_n by_o retaliation_n natural_o lawful_a page_n 366_o 367_o revenge_n whether_o agreeable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n 364._o whether_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n lawful_a 366._o whether_o permit_v to_o christian_n how_o restrain_v 369_o 370_o it_o differ_v not_o from_o injury_n but_o in_o order_n only_o 364._o take_v with_o delight_n unnatural_a 370._o in_o that_o it_o mitigate_v grief_n whence_o it_o proceed_v page_n 364_o to_o revenge_n his_o own_o quarrel_n every_o man_n have_v a_o right_n natural_o 66._o why_o now_o commit_v to_o magistrate_n 370._o not_o to_o go_v beyond_o the_o person_n that_o injure_v we_o page_n 400_o reward_n for_o labour_n how_o increase_v or_o diminish_v 162._o to_o who_o due_a if_o two_o at_o once_o fulfil_v the_o condition_n page_n 196_o the_o reward_n promise_v to_o thamar_n due_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n not_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n page_n 154_o a_o reward_n demand_v by_o a_o soldier_n for_o kill_v his_o own_o brother_n in_o the_o head_n of_o his_o enemy_n troop_n page_v 458_o right_a in_o war_n what_o 2._o take_v for_o a_o moral_a qualification_n of_o a_o person_n divide_v ibid._n for_o aptitude_n or_o fitness_n 3._o take_v for_o a_o rule_n or_o law_n 4_o divide_v into_o natural_a and_o voluntary_a ibid._n right_o reason_n a_o rule_n infallible_a ibid._n right_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n distinguish_v from_o that_o which_o have_v some_o effect_n of_o right_a pref._n xv_o right_o of_o government_n distinguish_v from_o the_o ill_a management_n of_o civil_a affair_n page_n 41_o right_o distinguish_v from_o just_a 54._o right_o extreme_a sometime_o extreme_a wrong_a ibid._n what_o right_o of_o king_n it_o be_v that_o samuel_n describe_v page_n 54_o what_o right_o a_o lord_n have_v over_o his_o slave_n 115._o whether_o it_o extend_v to_o death_n 116._o over_o the_o child_n of_o his_o slave_n bear_v in_o his_o house_n ibid._n a_o right_a a_o man_n may_v have_v to_o that_o take_v from_o another_o page_n 122_o right_o acquire_v by_o law_n 121._o by_o the_o civil_a law_n none_o can_v right_v himself_o page_n 122_o right_a of_o a_o father_n over_o his_o child_n distinguish_v into_o natural_a and_o civil_a 104._o of_o a_o husband_n over_o his_o wife_n 104_o 105._o of_o society_n over_o their_o member_n page_n 114_o by_o the_o right_n of_o nation_n many_o thing_n claim_v that_o be_v not_o thereby_o due_a page_n 134_o the_o right_n of_o stranger_n not_o subject_a to_o the_o supereminent_a dominion_n of_o a_o king_n 178._o nor_o of_o a_o subject_a without_o cause_n ibid._n right_o better_a lose_v than_o contend_v for_o sometime_o 416_o 417._o not_o to_o be_v extend_v to_o the_o full_a 434._o when_o say_v to_o be_v deny_v 448._o consider_v direct_o and_o indirect_o page_v 434_o a_o right_o none_o can_v give_v that_o have_v none_o 528._o incorporeal_a gain_v by_o war_n page_n 486_o the_o right_n of_o war_n make_v no_o distinction_n of_o age_n or_o sex_n page_n 459_o the_o right_n of_o the_o sword_n in_o history_n sacred_a and_o profane_a what_o page_n 17_o right_o distinguish_v from_o its_o exercise_n page_n 52_o the_o right_a supereminent_a of_o king_n and_o state_n whether_o it_o can_v free_v they_o from_o the_o breach_n of_o faith_n give_v to_o their_o subject_n page_n 539_o right_a external_a what_o 395._o how_o difference_v from_o internal_a page_n 453_o the_o right_n of_o king_n and_o state_n when_o by_o peace_n say_v to_o be_v remit_v page_n 547_o the_o right_n of_o nation_n concern_v inequality_n in_o contract_n page_n 164_o righteousness_n judgement_n and_o mercy_n how_o distinguish_v page_n 177_o river_n how_o hold_v in_o propriety_n 89._o the_o whole_a sometime_o belong_v to_o one_o territory_n and_o none_o to_o another_o 95._o as_o flow_a stream_n common_a 82._o but_o as_o the_o profit_n his_o that_o own_v the_o bank_n ibid._n change_v their_o course_n whether_o they_o change_v the_o bound_n of_o the_o territory_n page_n 94_o a_o river_n in_o what_o sense_n say_v to_o be_v always_o the_o same_o page_z 141_o etc._n etc._n rome_n once_o the_o common_a city_n 525._o regardless_a of_o captive_n or_o prisoner_n and_o why_o page_n 488_o the_o roman_n severe_a in_o their_o victory_n 503._o they_o ancient_o abstain_v from_o fraud_n in_o their_o war_n page_n 444_o etc._n etc._n the_o roman_a empire_n in_o who_o now_o 143._o found_v in_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n page_n 144_o the_o roman_n claim_v that_o to_o themselves_o which_o their_o enemy_n take_v from_o other_o page_n 471_o all_o the_o roman_a tribe_n disfranchize_v for_o ingratitude_n page_n 39_o roman_n dictator_n absolute_a though_o temporary_a page_n 43_o the_o roman_n choose_v their_o emperor_n when_o reside_v at_o constantinople_n page_n 144_o the_o roman_a empire_n not_o universal_a though_o sometime_o so_o call_v page_n 407_o the_o roman_n right_o over_o their_o child_n 104._o their_o custom_n concern_v land_n take_v in_o war_n 472._o concern_v the_o spoil_n 474_o 475._o captive_n redeem_v 491._o those_o that_o return_n by_o postliminy_n ibid._n concern_v thing_n take_v 518_o 519_o concern_v their_o captive_a king_n page_n 503_o rule_n guide_v
ibid._n common_a worse_o than_o hangman_n ibid._n most_o backward_o to_o fight_v most_o forward_o to_o plunder_v 476._o bound_n by_o oath_n not_o to_o embezel_n the_o spoil_n 478_o how_o they_o march_v inoffensive_o in_o a_o country_n at_o peace_n 531._o their_o sword_n seal_v in_o their_o scabbard_n ibid._n soldier_n straggle_v and_o plunder_v to_o be_v assault_v as_o thief_n page_v 374_o specification_n page_n 88_o 139_o speech_n proper_a to_o man_n pref._n four_o spy_n to_o send_v allow_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n 463._o yea_o and_o to_o kill_v they_o be_v discover_v ibid._n spoil_v take_v from_o a_o enemy_n who_o 471._o dispose_v of_o by_o the_o general_n 474._o sell_v by_o the_o quaestor_n and_o the_o money_n bring_v into_o the_o treasury_n without_o diminution_n 474_o 475._o sometime_o divide_v among_o the_o soldier_n 475._o sometime_o part_v by_o plunder_n 476._o whereof_o the_o general_n may_v take_v what_o he_o please_v 475._o sometime_o to_o they_o that_o have_v contribute_v extraordinary_o to_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o war_n 477._o sometime_o between_o the_o soldier_n and_o the_o state_n 478_o 479._o sometime_o to_o the_o maim_a and_o to_o widow_n and_o orphan_n 479._o sometime_o impart_v to_o our_o associate_n in_o war_n 478_o and_o to_o reformado_n 479._o may_v by_o a_o antecedent_n law_n be_v decree_v to_o public_a use_n 478_o sometime_o embezele_v and_o the_o commonwealth_n rob_v ibid._n take_v by_o public_a act_n the_o commonwealth_n but_o by_o private_a they_o that_o take_v they_o ibid._n of_o a_o town_n if_o storm_v the_o soldier_n if_o surrender_v the_o commander_n page_n 479_o sponsion_n what_o 187._o how_o far_o a_o general_n bind_v if_o the_o king_n refuse_v 188._o at_o caudis_fw-la and_o numantia_n oblige_v the_o army_n not_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n ibid._n make_v by_o general_n league_n by_o king_n page_n 179_o sponsor_n in_o war_n how_o far_o bind_v 180._o their_o estate_n may_v be_v sell_v their_o person_n enslave_v but_o their_o prince_n not_o oblige_v page_n 188_o so_o steal_v away_o the_o heart_n what_o it_o mean_v page_n 441_o stipulation_n be_v the_o sign_n of_o a_o deliberate_a mind_n page_n 152_o the_o stock_n of_o a_o slave_n may_v be_v take_v from_o he_o in_o what_o case_n 522._o how_o far_o his_o lord_n and_o how_o far_o his_o page_n 521_o the_o stoic_n dispute_v much_o about_o word_n 376_o 377._o they_o account_v it_o wisdom_n to_o know_v when_o and_o where_o to_o lie_v page_n 440_o to_o stranger_n to_o deny_v marriage_n unlawful_a 86._o their_o good_n not_o subject_n to_o the_o supereminent_a power_n of_o king_n 178._o they_o must_v observe_v the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o those_o they_o live_v with_o 81._o to_o rob_v they_o ancient_o a_o honourable_a trade_n 182._o how_o they_o shall_v judge_v of_o thing_n take_v in_o war_n 480._o how_o a_o right_a may_v arise_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n 141_o their_o good_n may_v be_v detain_v for_o our_o or_o our_o subject_n debt_n page_n 448_o subjection_n mutual_a between_o king_n and_o people_n refute_v 41._o public_a wat_fw-mi 117._o sometime_o require_v protection_n page_n 422_o subject_n sometime_o call_v servant_n 42._o when_o they_o may_v safe_o engage_v in_o a_o just_a war_n 43._o their_o good_n may_v be_v seize_v for_o the_o debt_n of_o their_o society_n 448._o how_o their_o right_n may_v lawful_o be_v take_v from_o they_o 178._o but_o not_o without_o just_a cause_n 179._o may_v just_o make_v war_n 427._o what_o they_o may_v do_v if_o the_o cause_n be_v unjust_a ibid._n or_o if_o they_o doubt_v not_o to_o execute_v the_o wicked_a command_n of_o their_o prince_n 428._o not_o punishable_a for_o their_o prince_n sin_n proper_o 411._o of_o a_o enemy_n may_v every_o where_o be_v present_v unless_o protect_v by_o another_o prince_n page_n 458_o a_o subject_n not_o to_o be_v solicit_v to_o kill_v his_o prince_n nor_o a_o soldier_n his_o general_n 462._o bound_n by_o the_o sentence_n of_o a_o judge_n but_o so_o be_v not_o stranger_n 448._o be_v invade_v the_o peace_n be_v break_v 549._o not_o if_o pirate_n ibid._n fight_v under_o a_o enemy_n whether_o it_o break_v the_o peace_n ibid._n whether_o they_o may_v be_v compel_v to_o be_v hostage_n 555._o and_o how_o ibid._n of_o another_o prince_n whether_o they_o may_v be_v defend_v page_n 425_o subject_n not_o to_o resist_v the_o supreme_a power_n prove_v by_o the_o nature_n of_o humane_a society_n and_o gospel_n 54_o 55._o their_o liberty_n liable_a to_o the_o fact_n of_o their_o prince_n 447._o as_o to_o they_o a_o war_n may_v be_v on_o both_o side_n just_a 429_o 430._o take_v in_o a_o unjust_a war_n to_o be_v deliver_v to_o their_o prince_n 529._o may_v make_v war_n against_o their_o magistrate_n be_v authorize_v by_o the_o supreme_a power_n page_n 53_o subjection_n by_o way_n of_o punishment_n 117._o civil_a 485._o despotical_a ibid._n mix_v 486._o perfect_a and_o imperfect_a page_n 116_o 117_o success_n good_a of_o bad_a design_n no_o encouragement_n pref._n twelve_o succession_n be_v the_o continuation_n of_o a_o old_a title_n in_o the_o same_o family_n 42._o make_v man_n and_o kingdom_n immortal_a 117._o males_n prefer_v before_o female_n and_o the_o elder_a before_o the_o young_a 128._o to_o kingdom_n not_o to_o last_v beyond_o the_o time_n of_o the_o first_o king_n ibid._n the_o law_n be_v divers_a concern_v it_o 126._o to_o a_o intestate_a 122._o what_o if_o childless_a 127._o to_o a_o estate_n new_o gain_v 126._o in_o kingdom_n patrimonial_a how_o guide_v 127._o representative_a what_o 124._o not_o know_v to_o the_o german_n till_o late_o 126._o lineal_a agnatical_a 130._o cognatical_a 129._o that_o always_o respect_v the_o proximity_n to_o the_o first_o king_n 130._o in_o kingdom_n indivisible_a to_o the_o elder_a 127._o wherein_o the_o elder_a brother_n son_n be_v prefer_v before_o the_o young_a brother_n 132._o the_o sister_n son_n before_o the_o king_n own_o son_n 130._o who_o shall_v be_v judge_n of_o it_o if_o in_o doubt_n 131._o of_o the_o nephew_n before_o the_o uncle_n be_v but_o of_o late_a page_n 132._o succession_n to_o kingdom_n the_o same_o as_o to_o other_o estate_n when_o that_o kingdom_n be_v first_o establish_v 129._o wherein_o the_o antenate_n be_v prefer_v before_o the_o postnate_a if_o the_o kingdom_n be_v indivisible_a 131._o why_o descendent_a rather_o than_o ascendent_a page_n 123_o 124_o the_o successor_n bind_v by_o the_o contract_n of_o a_o king_n 178._o and_o how_o far_o page_n 179_o suffer_v a_o man_n may_v by_o occasion_n of_o another_o sin_n and_o yet_o not_o for_o it_o page_n 400_o 401_o suffrage_n how_o to_o be_v reckon_v where_o divers_a society_n claim_v by_o unequal_a share_n page_n 114_o superior_n how_o they_o may_v lie_v to_o their_o subject_n 443._o what_o they_o may_v do_v about_o the_o oath_n of_o their_o inferior_n 173_o 174._o may_v compel_v their_o inferior_n not_o only_o to_o that_o which_o be_v just_o due_a by_o justice_n but_o by_o any_o other_o virtue_n page_n 423_o suppliant_n liable_a to_o the_o licence_n of_o war_n 461._o their_o right_a to_o who_o due_a 396_o 397._o to_o be_v protect_v until_o the_o equity_n of_o their_o cause_n be_v know_v 399._o to_o be_v spare_v 508._o unless_o guilty_a of_o some_o crime_n deserve_v death_n ibid._n supply_v send_v to_o a_o enemy_n by_o neuter_n page_n 435_o see_v relief_n supreme_a power_n what_o and_o in_o who_o 37._o not_o in_o the_o people_n 37_o 38._o it_o may_v be_v divide_v into_o part_n subjective_a and_o potential_a 46._o not_o lessen_v by_o consent_v that_o their_o act_n shall_v be_v confirm_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o senate_n ibid._n a_o surety_n suffer_v not_o for_o the_o debt_n but_o for_o his_o engagement_n 400_o 401._o not_o to_o be_v trouble_v unless_o the_o principal_n be_v insolvent_a page_n 518_o to_o surrender_n unless_o succour_v come_v how_o to_o be_v understand_v page_n 531_o swallow_n feed_v their_o young_a by_o turn_n page_n 123_o t._n talio_n not_o to_o extend_v beyond_o the_o person_n page_n 508_o see_v retaliation_n talio_n buy_v off_o by_o the_o jew_n page_n 371_o tax_n that_o maintain_v the_o war_n restore_v by_o fabritius_n page_n 477_o the_o temple_n at_o jerusalem_n enter_v into_o by_o pompey_n and_o burn_v by_o titus_n 466_o 467._o its_o religious_a sanctity_n page_n 466_o the_o temple_n of_o the_o gentile_n burn_v by_o the_o jew_n ibid._n temple_n in_o war_n to_o be_v spare_v 514._o to_o violate_v they_o sacrilege_n page_n 515_o temptation_n vehement_a excuse_v in_o part_n page_n 378_o terminus_n will_v have_v no_o blood_n shed_v in_o his_o sacrifice_n page_n 526_o territory_n whence_o 470._o with_o what_o be_v fix_v therein_o be_v take_v in_o war_n be_v the_o king_n page_n 472_o terror_n alone_o give_v no_o internal_a right_o to_o kill_v page_n 508_o testament_n want_v some_o formality_n what_o effect_v it_o
may_v have_v 482_o 483._o to_o make_v be_v due_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n 120._o they_o may_v be_v make_v by_o stranger_n by_o the_o right_n of_o nature_n ibid._n by_o testament_n kingdom_n patrimonial_a may_v be_v bequeath_v but_o other_o not_o but_o by_o the_o people_n consent_n page_n 43_o 44_o to_o hinder_v a_o man_n from_o make_v his_o testament_n oblige_v to_o satisfaction_n page_n 201_o thebaean_a legion_n page_n 62_o 93_o 428_o theseus_n the_o scourge_n of_o wickedness_n page_n 384_o theft_n prohibit_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n 5._o in_o extreme_a necessity_n lawful_a with_o some_o condition_n 81_o 82._o nocturnal_a and_o diurnal_a the_o different_a punishment_n and_o why_o 74_o 75._o against_o it_o severe_a law_n sometime_o mitigate_v through_o charity_n page_n 75_o 76_o it_o be_v theft_n to_o require_v more_o or_o give_v less_o in_o measure_n weight_n or_o number_n than_o be_v contract_v for_o page_n 160_o theft_n not_o punishable_a by_o death_n by_o the_o moysaicall_a law_n 76._o nor_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v approve_v though_o tolerate_v ibid._n a_o thief_n nocturnal_a may_v be_v kill_v in_o what_o case_n 32_o 75._o to_o kill_v whether_o the_o civil_a law_n do_v only_o tolerate_v or_o justify_v page_n 76_o thief_n live_v not_o without_o law_n pref._n ix_o and_o pirate_n have_v no_o right_n of_o embassage_n page_n 206_o no_o theft_n to_o spend_v somewhat_o of_o another_o to_n procure_v he_o a_o great_a profit_n page_n 442_o thing_n thus_o stand_v how_o and_o when_o understand_v 151._o steal_a lose_v not_o their_o property_n 97._o that_o have_v no_o owner_n the_o german_n give_v their_o prince_n 135._o give_v as_o lose_v cease_v to_o be_v we_o 98._o take_v from_o a_o enemy_n be_v they_o that_o take_v they_o though_o first_o take_v from_o friend_n 470_o 471._o take_v in_o a_o just_a war_n how_o far_a we_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n 468._o move_a and_o movable_a take_v by_o private_a act_n in_o a_o just_a war_n be_v lawful_a prize_n 472_o 473._o useless_a in_o war_n may_v be_v spare_v 514._o sacred_a and_o religious_a receive_v by_o postliminy_n 492._o not_o the_o enemy_n not_o gain_v by_o war_n 470_o etc._n etc._n to_o defend_v justify_v interfection_n natural_o 74._o how_o far_o lawful_a by_o the_o gospel_n 75._o twice_o sell_v who_o right_a be_v best_a page_n 161_o thing_n to_o restore_v take_v for_o any_o satisfaction_n as_o thing_n to_o take_v away_o understand_v for_o any_o injury_n 456._o lose_v not_o their_o dominion_n till_o within_o the_o enemy_n garrison_n 492._o of_o enemy_n to_o spoil_v how_o far_o lawful_a page_n 411_o time_n out_o of_o mind_n what_o 99_o long_o out_o of_o possession_n of_o what_o force_n to_o prove_v dereliction_n page_n 98_o time_n and_o place_n of_o battle_n always_o proclaim_v page_n 445_o title_n none_o to_o be_v set_v on_o foot_n after_o four_o age_n 99_o 100_o to_o empire_n shall_v be_v fix_v 99_o original_o naught_o can_v by_o any_o postact_n be_v make_v good_a how_o understand_v page_n 100_o 101_o toll_n for_o importation_n of_o good_n in_o what_o case_n lawful_a 84_o 85._o for_o pass_a river_n and_o bridge_n ibid._n by_o sea_n may_v be_v lawful_o take_v page_n 93_o to_o traffic_n a_o right_a common_a to_o all_o 86_o it_o unite_v country_n remote_a ibid._n to_o hinder_v it_o with_o such_o nation_n unjust_a page_n 84_o in_o traffic_n by_o company_n how_o the_o gain_n be_v divide_v page_n 164_o traitor_n have_v no_o right_n of_o embassy_n 206._o against_o such_o and_o public_a enemy_n every_o man_n be_v a_o soldier_n 65_o 374._o to_o kill_v not_o punishable_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n page_n 462_o 463_o of_o treason_n against_o our_o country_n the_o danger_n not_o past_a a_o son_n may_v accuse_v his_o own_o father_n page_n 209_o to_o treason_n the_o next_o degree_n be_v to_o harbour_v traitor_n page_n 396_o traveller_n may_v for_o a_o while_n reside_v in_o any_o place_n page_n 85_o treasure_n find_v who_o it_o be_v 136._o the_o public_a not_o touch_v by_o mark_n antony_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o senate_n page_n 59_o treachery_n against_o robber_n and_o pirate_n when_o and_o why_o not_o punishable_a 463._o in_o a_o solemn_a war_n lawful_a unless_o by_o poison_n or_o private_a assasinatinn_n page_n 462_o tree_n of_o life_n what_o it_o signify_v and_o of_o knowledge_n of_o good_a and_o evil_a page_n 79_o tribunal_n want_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n take_v place_n page_n 122_o tribune_n how_o make_v inviolable_a page_n 539_o tribute_n and_o tax_n due_a to_o king_n 3._o to_o maintain_v soldier_n page_n 20_o tributary_n associate_n page_v 57_o trifle_n not_o worth_a contend_v for_o page_z 21_o 22_o 23_o truce_n what_o a_o time_n of_o peace_n or_o war_n 557._o when_o it_o begin_v to_o oblige_v and_o when_o it_o end_v 558_o 559_o break_v on_o one_o side_n or_o end_v needs_o no_o indiction_n of_o war_n 558_o 560._o continue_v no_o place_n to_o be_v surprise_v nor_o receive_v that_o will_v revolt_v 559._o what_o may_v lawful_o be_v do_v within_o that_o time_n 559_o 560._o it_o may_v be_v make_v by_o inferior_a commander_n 565._o be_v end_v whether_o they_o that_o be_v forcible_o detain_v during_o it_o have_v a_o right_a to_o return_v page_n 559_o truth_n some_o easy_o assent_v unto_o other_o not_o but_o by_o three_o or_o four_o consequence_n page_n 385_o truth_n the_o same_o speak_v or_o swear_v page_n 175_o truth_n only_o to_o be_v speak_v in_o market_n page_n 441_o tyrant_n worse_o than_o hangman_n 426._o their_o scourge_n hercules_n 384_o with_o they_o faith_n to_o be_v keep_v if_o give_v as_o to_o such_o page_n 537_o 538_o v._n valentinian_n answer_n to_o his_o army_n page_n 40_o valour_n can_v prevail_v against_o nature_n nor_o dwell_v with_o famine_n page_n 119_o the_o valerian_n law_n in_o rome_n distinguish_v from_o solon_n in_o athens_n page_n 65_o the_o value_n of_o thing_n from_o whence_o page_n 161_o the_o vanquish_a to_o be_v treat_v gentle_o 527._o which_o may_v be_v do_v either_o 1._o 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the_o war_n be_v what_o ever_o be_v do_v in_o it_o be_v internal_o unjust_a page_n 495_o unjust_a war_n be_v no_o better_a than_o great_a robbery_n page_n 70_o to_o do_v unjust_a thing_n and_o to_o do_v unjust_o how_o distinguish_v page_n 428_o 429_o unlawful_a thing_n none_o to_o be_v urge_v unto_o page_n 446_o untruth_n whereby_o a_o by-stander_n be_v deceive_v no_o lie_n page_n 441_o unwilling_o what_o be_v do_v deserve_v pardon_n page_n 500_o vote_n in_o a_o society_n where_o divers_a claim_n unequal_a share_n how_o to_o be_v reckon_v page_n 114_o usurpation_n what_o 97._o of_o no_o force_n between_o king_n of_o divers_a nation_n ibid._n use_v common_a its_o authority_n in_o expound_v law_n page_n 25_o the_o use_n of_o thing_n natural_a page_n 78_o 79_o the_o use_n of_o a_o thing_n consist_v in_o abuse_n
present_o make_v law_n to_o legitimate_a their_o error_n and_o by_o those_o very_a law_n they_o judge_v the_o innocent_a who_o be_v at_o length_n crown_v with_o martyrdom_n 166._o ep._n 166._o and_o in_o another_o place_n tyrant_n be_v so_o to_o be_v endure_v by_o their_o subject_n and_o hard_a master_n by_o their_o servant_n that_o both_o their_o temporal_a life_n if_o possible_a may_v be_v preserve_v and_o yet_o their_o eternal_a safety_n careful_o provide_v for_o which_o he_o illustrate_v by_o the_o example_n of_o the_o primitive_a christian_n who_o though_o they_o then_o sojourn_v upon_o earth_n as_o pilgrim_n and_o have_v infinite_a number_n of_o nation_n to_o assist_v they_o yet_o choose_v rather_o patient_o to_o suffer_v all_o manner_n of_o torment_n than_o forcible_o to_o resist_v their_o persecutor_n neither_o will_v they_o fight_v â—o_o preserve_v their_o temporal_a life_n but_o choose_v rather_o not_o to_o fight_v that_o so_o they_o may_v ensure_v unto_o themselves_o a_o eternal_a for_o they_o endure_v bond_n stripe_n imprisonment_n the_o rack_n the_o fire_n the_o cross_n they_o be_v flay_v alive_a kill_v and_o quarter_v and_o yet_o they_o multiply_v they_o esteem_v this_o life_n not_o worth_a the_o fight_n for_o so_o that_o with_o the_o loss_n of_o it_o they_o may_v purchase_v what_o so_o eager_o they_o pant_v after_o a_o better_a of_o the_o same_o opinion_n be_v cyril_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o many_o notable_a say_n of_o his_o upon_o that_o place_n of_o st._n john_n where_o he_o treat_v of_o peter_n sword_n the_o thebean_a legion_n legion_n the_o thebean_a legion_n we_o read_v consist_v of_o six_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o sixty_o six_o soldier_n and_o all_o christian_n who_o when_o the_o emperor_n maximianus_n will_v have_v compel_v the_o whole_a army_n to_o sacrifice_v to_o idol_n first_o remove_v their_o station_n to_o agaunus_n and_o when_o upon_o fresh_a order_n send_v after_o they_o they_o refuse_v to_o come_v maximianus_n command_v his_o officer_n to_o put_v every_o ten_o man_n to_o death_n which_o be_v easy_o do_v no_o man_n offer_v to_o resist_v at_o which_o time_n mauritius_n who_o have_v the_o chief_a command_n in_o that_o legion_n and_o from_o who_o the_o town_n agaunus_n in_o switzerland_n be_v afterward_o call_v st._n mauritz_n as_o eucherius_n bishop_n of_o lion_n record_n thus_o bespeak_v his_o fellow_n soldier_n how_o fearful_a be_v i_o lest_o any_o of_o you_o under_o the_o pretence_n of_o defend_v yourselves_o as_o be_v easy_a for_o man_n arm_v as_o you_o be_v to_o have_v do_v shall_v have_v attempt_v by_o force_n to_o have_v rescue_v from_o death_n those_o bless_a martyr_n which_o have_v you_o do_v i_o be_v sufficient_o instruct_v by_o christ_n own_o example_n to_o have_v forbid_v it_o who_o express_o remand_v that_o sword_n into_o its_o sheath_n that_o be_v but_o draw_v in_o his_o own_o defence_n thereby_o teach_v we_o that_o our_o christian_a faith_n be_v much_o more_o prevalent_a than_o all_o other_o arms._n this_o tragic_a act_n be_v past_a the_o emperor_n command_v the_o same_o thing_n to_o the_o survivor_n as_o he_o have_v do_v before_o to_o the_o whole_a legion_n they_o unanimous_o return_v this_o answer_n tui_fw-la quidam_fw-la caesar_n milites_fw-la sumus_fw-la etc._n etc._n we_o be_v thy_o soldier_n o_o caesar_n we_o take_v arm_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n we_o never_o yet_o desert_v the_o war_n nor_o betray_v the_o trust_n repose_v in_o we_o we_o be_v never_o yet_o brand_v with_o fear_n or_o cowardice_n but_o have_v always_o observe_v thy_o command_n until_o be_v otherwise_o instruct_v by_o our_o christian_a law_n we_o refuse_v to_o worship_v the_o devil_n or_o to_o approach_v those_o altar_n that_o be_v always_o pollute_v with_o blood_n we_o find_v by_o thy_o command_n that_o thou_o resolve_v either_o to_o draw_v we_o into_o idolatry_n or_o to_o affright_v we_o by_o put_v every_o ten_o man_n of_o we_o to_o death_n make_v no_o far_o search_v after_o those_o that_o be_v willing_a to_o lie_v conceal_v but_o know_v that_o we_o be_v all_o of_o we_o christian_n all_o our_o body_n thou_o have_v indeed_o under_o thy_o power_n but_o our_o soul_n be_v subject_a only_o to_o christ_n our_o redeemer_n then_o exuperius_n be_v the_o standard-bearer_n to_o that_o legion_n thus_o bespeak_v they_o hitherto_o fellow_n soldier_n i_o have_v carry_v the_o standard_n before_o you_o in_o this_o secular_a war_n but_o it_o be_v not_o unto_o these_o arm_n that_o i_o now_o invite_v you_o it_o be_v not_o unto_o these_o war_n that_o i_o be_o now_o to_o excite_v your_o valour_n for_o now_o we_o be_v to_o practice_v another_o kind_n of_o warfare_n for_o with_o these_o weapon_n you_o can_v never_o enforce_v your_o way_n into_o the_o kingdom_n of_o heaven_n and_o by_o and_o by_o he_o send_v this_o message_n to_o the_o emperor_n against_o thou_o o_o caesar_n desperation_n itself_o which_o usual_o make_v even_o coward_n valiant_a can_v prevail_v with_o we_o to_o take_v arms._n behold_v we_o have_v our_o weapon_n fix_v yet_o will_v we_o not_o resist_v because_o we_o choose_v rather_o to_o be_v kill_v by_o thou_o than_o to_o overcome_v thou_o and_o to_o die_v innocent_n than_o to_o live_v rebel_n to_o either_o god_n or_o thou_o and_o a_o little_a after_o he_o add_v tela_n projicimus_fw-la etc._n etc._n we_o abandon_v our_o arm_n o_o emperor_n and_o will_v meet_v thy_o messenger_n of_o death_n with_o naked_a breast_n yet_o with_o heart_n strong_o munit_v with_o christian_a faith_n and_o present_o after_o follow_v that_o general_a massacre_n of_o the_o thebean_a band_n whereof_o eutherius_n give_v this_o narrative_a it_o be_v neither_o their_o innocence_n nor_o their_o number_n that_o can_v exempt_v they_o from_o death_n whereas_o in_o other_o more_o dangerous_a tumult_n a_o multitude_n though_o offend_v be_v rare_o punish_v the_o same_o story_n in_o the_o old_a martyrology_n we_o find_v thus_o record_v they_o be_v every_o where_o wound_v with_o sword_n yet_o they_o cry_v not_o out_o but_o disdain_v the_o use_n of_o their_o arm_n they_o expose_v their_o breast_n naked_a to_o their_o persecutor_n it_o be_v neither_o their_o number_n nor_o their_o experience_n in_o war_n that_o can_v persuade_v they_o to_o assert_v the_o equity_n of_o their_o cause_n by_o their_o sword_n but_o place_v his_o example_n always_o before_o they_o who_o be_v lead_v to_o the_o slaughter_n dumb_a and_o liâ—e_z a_o lamb_n to_o be_v sacrifice_v open_v not_o his_o mouth_n they_o also_o in_o imitation_n of_o he_o like_o the_o innocent_a flock_n of_o christ_n suffer_v themselves_o to_o be_v worry_v and_o tear_v in_o piece_n by_o a_o herd_n of_o persecute_v wolf_n thus_o also_o do_v the_o jew_n of_o alexandria_n testify_v their_o innocency_n before_o haccus_n we_o be_v as_o then_o see_v unarmed_a and_o yet_o we_o be_v accuse_v unto_o thou_o as_o public_a enemy_n to_o the_o state_n these_o hand_n which_o nature_n have_v give_v we_o for_o our_o defence_n we_o have_v cause_v to_o be_v pinnacle_v behind_o we_o where_o they_o be_v of_o little_a use_n and_o our_o breast_n we_o expose_v naked_a to_o every_o man_n that_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o kill_v we_o and_o when_o the_o emperor_n valens_n cruel_o persecute_v those_o christian_n which_o according_a to_o the_o holy_a scripture_n and_o the_o tradition_n of_o the_o ancient_a father_n profess_a christ_n to_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v co_z essential_a with_o the_o father_n though_o there_o be_v every_o where_o great_a multitude_n of_o they_o yet_o do_v they_o never_o attempt_v by_o arm_n to_o secure_v themselves_o sure_o 2.21_o 1_o pet._n 2.21_o wheresoever_o patience_n in_o time_n of_o persecution_n be_v commend_v unto_o we_o there_o we_o find_v christ_n own_o example_n hold_v out_o unto_o we_o as_o we_o read_v it_o be_v to_o the_o thebean_a legion_n for_o our_o imitation_n 10.39_o mat._n 10.39_o as_o therefore_o his_o patience_n so_o we_o shall_v have_v no_o bound_n nor_o limit_n but_o death_n itself_o 12.33_o luk._n 12.33_o and_o he_o that_o thus_o lose_v his_o life_n be_v true_o say_v by_o christ_n himself_o to_o find_v it_o thus_o have_v sufficient_o prove_v that_o he_o that_o be_v invest_v with_o the_o supreme_a power_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v resist_v now_o i_o must_v admonish_v our_o reader_n of_o some_o thing_n wherein_o he_o may_v mistake_v by_o judge_v that_o those_o man_n do_v dash_v their_o foot_n against_o this_o stone_n who_o indeed_o do_v not_o viii_o that_o a_o free_a people_n may_v make_v war_n against_o their_o prince_n in_o the_o first_o place_n therefore_o those_o prince_n that_o be_v under_o the_o body_n of_o a_o people_n whether_o they_o original_o retain_v such_o a_o power_n or_o by_o some_o after_o contract_n or_o agreement_n make_v with_o they_o as_o in_o lacedaemon_n if_o they_o do_v violate_v the_o law_n or_o wrong_v the_o
not_o fit_a for_o common_a example_n and_o our_o own_o honour_n sake_n to_o admit_v of_o so_o great_a a_o wickedness_n for_o as_o valerius_n maximus_n well_o observe_v armis_fw-la bella_fw-la 3._o lib._n 3._o c._n 8._o lib._n 5._o c._n 5._o annal_n 3._o non_fw-la venenis_fw-la geri_fw-la debent_fw-la war_n shall_v be_v wage_v by_o arm_n and_o not_o by_o poison_n insomuch_o that_o when_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o catti_n make_v offer_v to_o poison_n arminius_n tiberius_n reject_v it_o therein_o equal_v himself_o in_o honour_n to_o the_o old_a roman_a emperor_n they_o therefore_o that_o hold_v it_o lawful_a to_o destroy_v a_o enemy_n by_o poison_n as_o baldus_n by_o the_o authority_n of_o vegetius_n do_v do_v regard_n the_o mere_a law_n of_o nature_n but_o overlook_v that_o law_n which_o be_v establish_v by_o the_o voluntary_a consent_n of_o nation_n xvi_o as_o also_o by_o empoison_v water_n or_o weapon_n somewhat_o different_a from_o this_o manner_n of_o poison_v because_o it_o have_v something_o of_o force_n in_o it_o be_v the_o anoint_v the_o head_n of_o spear_n with_o poison_n thereby_o to_o enforce_v death_n upon_o a_o double_a account_n which_o as_o ovid_n record_v be_v much_o in_o use_n among_o the_o getae_n the_o like_a testimony_n do_v pliny_n give_v of_o the_o scythian_n for_o they_o anoint_v their_o arrow_n say_v he_o with_o poison_n compound_v of_o the_o putrify_a gore_n of_o viper_n and_o humane_a blood_n immedicabile_fw-la id_fw-la scelus_fw-la 53._o how_o this_o waâ—_n prepare_v we_o may_v learn_v our_o of_o rhodoginus_n c._n 10._o 23._o see_v lip_n ann._n upon_o plin._n l._n 11._o c._n 53._o a_o mischief_n incurable_a because_o it_o make_v every_o slight_a hurt_n mortal_a lucan_n testify_v the_o same_o of_o the_o parthian_n so_o do_v silius_n of_o some_o of_o the_o african_n and_o claudian_n particular_o of_o the_o ethiopian_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o in_o india_n alexander_n soldier_n be_v wound_v by_o these_o empoison_a arrow_n die_v immediate_o yet_o be_v this_o also_o contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n though_o not_o of_o all_o 20._o salisburiensis_n lib._n 8._o c._n 20._o yet_o of_o these_o of_o europe_n and_o of_o such_o other_o as_o be_v civilise_a like_o they_o among_o who_o the_o use_n of_o poison_n be_v never_o by_o any_o law_n allow_v although_o among_o pagan_n and_o infidel_n it_o have_v sometime_o be_v usurp_v therefore_o in_o silius_n account_n this_o be_v but_o ferrum_fw-la infamare_fw-la veneno_fw-la the_o shame_n and_o reproach_n of_o valour_n and_o therefore_o ilus_n mermeride_n in_o homer_n deny_v poison_n to_o vlysses_n spear_n for_o fear_v of_o a_o revenge_n from_o the_o god_n immortal_a so_o also_o the_o empoison_v of_o spring_n florus_n reckon_v to_o be_v unlawful_a be_v repugnant_a not_o only_o to_o the_o constitution_n of_o man_n but_o to_o the_o law_n of_o god_n where_o we_o may_v note_v as_o we_o have_v already_o elsewhere_o that_o profane_a author_n do_v usual_o ascribe_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n unto_o the_o go_n nor_o will_v it_o seem_v strange_a that_o there_o shall_v be_v such_o a_o tacit_a agreement_n among_o nation_n for_o the_o lessen_v of_o the_o danger_n that_o attend_v the_o war_n when_o we_o find_v it_o ancient_o covenant_v between_o the_o chalcidenses_n and_o the_o eretrienses_n 10._o strab._n l._n 10._o that_o during_o the_o war_n between_o they_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v lawful_a to_o cast_v or_o to_o dart_v any_o thing_n xvii_o but_o not_o otherwise_o to_o corrupt_v water_n but_o it_o be_v otherwise_o where_o water_n be_v without_o poison_n so_o corrupt_v that_o they_o can_v be_v drink_v as_o by_o throw_v carrion_n into_o they_o and_o dead_a body_n or_o asbestus_fw-la which_o belisarius_n make_v use_v of_o in_o the_o siege_n of_o auximum_n or_o lime_n which_o the_o turk_n do_v at_o dibibras_n or_o such_o like_a 4._o proc._n goth._n l._n 2._o de_fw-fr piscatu_fw-la l._n 4._o for_o this_o be_v approve_v of_o by_o solon_n the_o amphictyones_n and_o other_o against_o the_o barbarian_n and_o as_o oppianus_n record_v be_v usual_o do_v in_o his_o age_n it_o be_v no_o more_o than_o if_o the_o current_n of_o a_o river_n or_o the_o vein_n of_o water_n that_o feed_v a_o well_o shall_v be_v cut_v off_o or_o turn_v some_o other_o way_n which_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o the_o general_a consent_n of_o nation_n be_v hold_v lawful_a xviii_o whether_o it_o be_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n to_o use_v murderer_n but_o whether_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n do_v justify_v the_o kill_n of_o a_o enemy_n private_o that_o be_v by_o send_v one_o purposely_o to_o kill_v he_o in_o his_o own_o quarter_n be_v often_o question_v for_o the_o resolve_v of_o which_o doubt_n we_o must_v distinguish_v of_o the_o person_n send_v for_o in_o case_n he_o be_v such_o a_o one_o as_o have_v any_o way_n give_v his_o faith_n either_o express_o or_o tacit_o unto_o he_o who_o life_n he_o attempt_v as_o if_o he_o be_v a_o subject_a that_o shall_v be_v hire_v to_o kill_v his_o sovereign_n a_o vassal_n his_o lord_n or_o a_o soldier_n his_o general_n or_o if_o he_o be_v receive_v by_o he_o in_o protection_n as_o a_o suppliant_a a_o stranger_n or_o a_o renegado_n yea_o if_o the_o person_n send_v owe_v any_o faith_n to_o he_o who_o he_o be_v send_v to_o kill_v then_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n do_v not_o only_o condemn_v the_o person_n that_o be_v the_o instrument_n for_o his_o treachery_n and_o perfidiousness_n but_o those_o also_o that_o make_v use_v of_o he_o for_o although_o in_o other_o matter_n he_o that_o make_v use_v of_o wicked_a instrument_n though_o against_o a_o enemy_n may_v be_v find_v guilty_a before_o god_n yet_o be_v he_o not_o so_o before_o man_n for_o he_o be_v not_o thereby_o say_v to_o violate_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n because_o in_o this_o case_n mores_n leges_fw-la perduxerunt_fw-la in_o potestatem_fw-la svam_fw-la custom_n have_v prevail_v above_o the_o law_n et_fw-la decipere_fw-la pro_fw-la moribus_fw-la temporum_fw-la prudentia_fw-la est_fw-la and_o to_o deceive_v as_o pliny_n say_v if_o it_o accord_n with_o the_o manner_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o age_n we_o live_v in_o rufinum_fw-la lib._n 8._o epist_n ad_fw-la rufinum_fw-la be_v not_o a_o crime_n but_o a_o virtue_n no_o knavery_n but_o commendable_a policy_n yet_o do_v not_o this_o custom_n extend_v itself_o so_o far_o as_o to_o the_o kill_n of_o a_o enemy_n for_o he_o that_o shall_v make_v use_n of_o another_o man_n treachery_n in_o such_o a_o case_n do_v not_o only_a sin_n against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n but_o of_o nation_n 4._o curtius_n l._n 4._o this_o be_v plain_a by_o what_o alexander_n write_v to_o darius_n impia_fw-la bella_fw-la suscipitis_fw-la &_o cum_fw-la habeatis_fw-la arma_fw-la licitamini_fw-la hostium_fw-la capita_fw-la it_o be_v a_o impious_a war_n that_o you_o wage_v against_o i_o for_o have_v weapon_n to_o fight_v you_o choose_v rather_o to_o purchase_v with_o money_n the_o life_n of_o your_o enemy_n and_o present_o after_o he_o complain_v 14._o lib._n 14._o that_o they_o do_v not_o observe_v the_o law_n of_o arm_n and_o in_o another_o place_n i_o ought_v to_o persecute_v he_o even_o unto_o death_n not_o as_o a_o open_a enemy_n but_o as_o a_o secret_a murderer_n 42._o liv._o l._n 42._o hither_o we_o may_v refer_v that_o of_o livy_n concern_v perseus_n of_o who_o he_o complain_v that_o he_o wage_v not_o a_o just_a and_o open_a war_n with_o a_o mind_n become_v a_o prince_n but_o that_o he_o use_v all_o manner_n of_o base_a and_o clandestine_v way_n to_o destroy_v his_o enemy_n like_o a_o thief_n or_o a_o poisoner_n all_o which_o 44._o marcius_n philipus_n liv._o l._n 44._o how_o odious_a they_o be_v to_o the_o god_n themselves_o will_v at_o length_n be_v see_v by_o the_o event_n of_o his_o fortune_n agreeable_a hereunto_o be_v that_o of_o valerius_n maximus_n concern_v the_o murder_n of_o viriatus_n 7._o lib._n 9_o c._n 7._o which_o give_v occasion_n to_o a_o double_a accusation_n of_o 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