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of_o excellent_a service_n do_v to_o their_o master_n and_o if_o they_o do_v it_o not_o they_o be_v liable_a to_o those_o law_n of_o war_n which_o for_o give_v over_o a_o fort_n in_o that_o fashion_n sentence_n the_o governor_n to_o a_o ignominious_a death_n the_o inferior_a commander_n to_o be_v shameful_o cashier_v and_o the_o common_a soldier_n to_o be_v disarm_v and_o make_v serve_v as_o pioner_n to_o the_o army_n which_o be_v act_n of_o great_a injustice_n if_o inferior_n be_v bind_v to_o give_v a_o blind_a obedience_n to_o all_o the_o command_v of_o their_o superior_n whatever_o they_o be_v without_o exception_n and_o such_o a_o case_n it_o be_v when_o a_o officer_n command_v those_o under_o he_o to_o desert_n their_o post_n whether_o that_o be_v in_o town_n camp_n leaguer_n or_o field_n and_o go_v over_o with_o he_o to_o the_o enemy_n if_o they_o do_v so_o and_o be_v ever_o retake_v he_o be_v punish_v for_o his_o treachery_n and_o they_o for_o their_o obedience_n to_o so_o 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their_o colour_n runnaway_n against_o runnaway_n when_o they_o be_v in_o garrison_n or_o quarter_n and_o desert_n the_o service_n under_o any_o pretence_n without_o a_o pass_n or_o such_o as_o run_v away_o from_o their_o colour_n or_o their_o officer_n in_o the_o field_n in_o time_n of_o skirmish_n or_o battle_n or_o such_o who_o in_o storm_n and_o assault_n desert_n their_o post_n till_o either_o they_o be_v wound_v or_o have_v make_v use_n of_o their_o sword_n all_o these_o be_v liable_a to_o death_n and_o those_o who_o wound_n or_o kill_v any_o of_o they_o in_o their_o flight_n in_o their_o go_n or_o run_v away_o be_v not_o to_o be_v accountable_a for_o it_o seven_o against_o those_o who_o make_v any_o treaty_n or_o agreement_n in_o the_o field_n enemy_n against_o treaty_n with_o a_o enemy_n with_o a_o enemy_n without_o the_o command_n or_o consent_v of_o he_o who_o command_v in_o chief_a and_o here_o again_o observe_v another_o case_n wherein_o inferior_n be_v to_o refuse_v obedience_n the_o military_a law_n condemn_v a_o colonel_n for_o such_o a_o treaty_n and_o every_o ten_o soldier_n of_o his_o regiment_n to_o die_v with_o he_o for_o give_v obedience_n to_o so_o unjust_a a_o command_n eight_o against_o those_o who_o surrender_v fortify_v place_n unless_o extreme_a necessity_n crime_n against_o needless_a surrender_n of_o fort_n and_o several_a other_o crime_n require_v it_o of_o which_o i_o shall_v speak_v in_o a_o more_o proper_a place_n nine_o against_o those_o who_o mutiny_n burn_v house_n without_o the_o general_n command_n commit_v robbery_n murder_n theft_n or_o violence_n to_o those_o who_o have_v the_o general_n safeguard_n and_o against_o those_o who_o keep_v private_a correspondence_n unless_o order_v to_o do_v it_o by_o the_o general_n all_o these_o crime_n by_o most_o military_a law_n be_v punish_v with_o death_n ten_o against_o private_a combat_n or_o duel_n the_o combatant_n and_o duel_n against_o duel_n their_o second_o be_v to_o die_v and_o if_o superior_a officer_n know_v of_o the_o combat_n and_o do_v not_o hinder_v it_o they_o be_v to_o be_v cashier_v with_o ignominy_n a_o necessary_a law_n enough_o yet_o seldom_o put_v in_o execution_n eleven_o against_o those_o who_o sell_v play_v or_o pawn_v or_o change_v their_o arm_n arms._n against_o seller_n or_o pawner_n of_o arms._n either_o defensive_a or_o offensive_a whether_o he_o be_v a_o horseman_n or_o a_o foot-soldier_n he_o who_o do_v any_o of_o these_o be_v not_o only_o punishable_a but_o likewise_o he_o who_o buy_v win_v or_o take_v they_o in_o pawn_n twelve_o against_o false_a muster_n whether_o it_o be_v of_o man_n horse_n arm_n muster_n against_o false_a muster_n saddle_n or_o other_o furniture_n by_o these_o article_n not_o only_o those_o who_o make_v the_o false_a muster_n but_o all_o those_o who_o help_v to_o make_v it_o be_v punishable_a thirteen_o against_o those_o who_o detain_v the_o pay_n of_o either_o horseman_n or_o pay_n against_o those_o who_o detain_v the_o prince_n pay_n foot-soldier_n any_o officer_n guilty_a of_o this_o deserve_v to_o die_v neither_o if_o a_o officer_n have_v lend_v money_n to_o a_o soldier_n may_v he_o pay_v himself_o or_o retain_v in_o his_o hand_n what_o he_o please_v but_o must_v give_v he_o as_o much_o of_o his_o pay_n as_o can_v entertain_v he_o to_o do_v his_o master_n service_n fourteen_o against_o those_o officer_n whatsoever_o they_o be_v except_o the_o general_n pass_n against_o those_o who_o give_v pass_n who_o give_v pass_n the_o swedish_n article_n order_n a_o colonel_n who_o presume_v to_o give_v a_o pass_n to_o lose_v his_o life_n and_o to_o lose_v his_o charge_n if_o he_o permit_v any_o under_o his_o command_n to_o go_v home_o without_o the_o feltmarshals_a knowledge_n other_o abominable_a crime_n such_o as_o adultery_n incest_n sodomy_n beastiality_n crime_n great_a crime_n parricide_n be_v examine_v try_a and_o punish_v according_a to_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o the_o prince_n or_o state_n who_o be_v master_n of_o the_o army_n and_o many_o small_a fault_n smaller_n fault_n fault_n be_v leave_v to_o the_o cognizance_n discretion_n and_o arbitrement_n of_o a_o court_n of_o war._n a_o council_n of_o war_n and_o a_o court_n of_o war_n be_v common_o by_o ordinary_a war._n a_o council_n of_o war._n soldier_n confound_v as_o if_o they_o be_v one_o thing_n whereas_o they_o be_v very_o different_a the_o first_o be_v compose_v of_o those_o person_n who_o the_o prince_n or_o his_o general_n call_v to_o consult_v with_o concern_v the_o manage_n the_o war_n and_o these_o be_v indeed_o but_o counsellor_n and_o have_v in_o most_o army_n their_o precedent_n who_o be_v nominate_v by_o the_o prince_n or_o state_n they_o do_v but_o advise_v for_o the_o prince_n or_o his_o captain-general_n have_v a_o negative_a voice_n and_o retain_v a_o power_n to_o themselves_o to_o do_v what_o they_o please_v a_o court_n of_o war_n consist_v of_o
the_o velite_n of_o the_o three_o and_o four_o batallion_n since_o they_o be_v all_o light_n arm_v and_o if_o it_o be_v say_v the_o slinger_n can_v cast_v their_o stone_n over_o the_o head_n of_o the_o two_o batallion_n of_o heavy_a arm_v i_o answer_v first_o their_o stone_n will_v do_v less_o hurt_v at_o that_o distance_n second_o the_o archer_n in_o the_o three_o and_o four_o rank_n can_v have_v do_v as_o much_o three_o the_o keep_v their_o station_n and_o place_n in_o the_o five_o batallion_n hinder_v the_o triarii_n to_o advance_v now_o if_o these_o of_o vegetius_n his_o three_o and_o four_o batallion_n be_v oblige_v to_o go_v to_o the_o van_n and_o fight_v or_o skirmish_v there_o why_o do_v he_o not_o appoint_v the_o light_n arm_v of_o his_o five_o batallion_n to_o do_v so_o too_o since_o they_o be_v all_o liable_a to_o one_o duty_n but_o i_o hinder_v he_o to_o marshal_v his_o six_o batallion_n the_o six_o order_n or_o body_n say_v he_o consist_v of_o and_o now_o welcome_a triarii_n warrior_n furnish_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o triarii_fw-la triarii_fw-la arm_n and_o weapon_n who_o the_o ancient_n call_v triarii_n these_o say_v he_o use_v to_o sit_v than_o they_o kneel_v not_o behind_o all_o the_o other_o batallion_n that_o be_v whole_a and_o sound_a and_o in_o breath_n they_o may_v with_o more_o vigour_n attack_z the_o enemy_n for_o if_o any_o thing_n fall_v out_o otherwise_o than_o well_o with_o the_o batallion_n that_o stand_v before_o they_o all_o hope_n of_o recovery_n depend_v on_o they_o now_o if_o our_o author_n have_v speak_v well_o of_o the_o ancient_a roman_a legion_n i_o be_o sure_a he_o have_v speak_v enough_o of_o it_o he_o have_v be_v at_o much_o pain_n to_o make_v up_o that_o legion_n but_o that_o you_o may_v the_o better_o see_v the_o defect_n of_o it_o i_o shall_v be_v at_o the_o trouble_n to_o take_v it_o down_o in_o piece_n in_o the_o ensue_a chapter_n chap._n xii_o vegetius_n his_o legion_n review_v and_o examine_v whoever_o have_v read_v or_o shall_v be_v please_v to_o read_v vegetius_n his_o treatise_n de_fw-fr re_fw-mi militari_fw-la will_v believe_v with_o i_o that_o he_o intend_v nothing_o less_o than_o to_o write_v the_o military_a constitution_n and_o custom_n of_o levy_n arm_n exercise_v marshal_n embattel_v march_v or_o other_o law_n and_o point_n of_o the_o art_n of_o war_n use_v in_o his_o own_o day_n but_o in_o the_o contrary_a the_o roman_a way_n and_o method_n of_o war_n of_o the_o ancient_a time_n and_o this_o he_o profess_v all_o along_o not_o only_o in_o his_o prologue_n to_o his_o master_n the_o emperor_n valentinian_n but_o almost_o in_o every_o book_n of_o his_o treatise_n in_o the_o prologue_n of_o his_o second_o book_n he_o say_v the_o emperor_n have_v command_v he_o to_o set_v down_o the_o antiqua_fw-la the_o ancient_a custom_n in_o the_o prologue_n to_o militia_n vegetius_n oblige_v himself_o to_o write_v of_o the_o old_a roman_a militia_n his_o three_o book_n he_o aver_v that_o the_o emperor_n have_v command_v he_o to_o abbreviate_v in_o one_o piece_n all_o the_o ancient_a military_a custom_n and_o constitution_n which_o be_v disperse_v and_o scatter_v in_o several_a book_n and_o author_n and_o in_o one_o word_n he_o entitle_v his_o epitome_n institution_n of_o military_a matter_n out_o of_o the_o commentary_n of_o cato_n celsus_n trajan_n adrian_n and_o frontinus_n now_o none_o of_o these_o write_v or_o can_v write_v of_o any_o military_a custom_n practise_v in_o vegetius_n his_o time_n as_o have_v live_v several_a age_n before_o he_o and_o he_o acknowledge_v himself_o that_o the_o art_n of_o war_n of_o his_o day_n be_v but_o a_o shadow_n and_o scarce_o that_o of_o the_o ancient_a one_o but_o by_o the_o way_n i_o must_v tell_v you_o that_o stevechius_n think_v adrian_n write_v no_o military_a constitution_n since_o at_o his_o desire_n aelian_a have_v compose_v that_o piece_n de_fw-fr instruendiâ—_n aciebus_fw-la whereof_o we_o have_v speak_v but_o his_o reason_n be_v exceed_o weak_a for_o adrian_n may_v very_o well_o have_v write_v the_o roman_a military_a art_n and_o yet_o have_v de-desired_n aelian_a to_o write_v the_o grecian_a one_o but_o to_o return_v vegetius_n in_o the_o twenty_o chapter_n of_o his_o first_o book_n have_v give_v we_o a_o account_n of_o the_o ancient_a roman_a time_n not_o that_o of_o his_o own_o time_n arm_n acknowledge_v that_o they_o be_v whole_o wear_v out_o and_o that_o in_o comparison_n of_o they_o the_o foot_n of_o his_o time_n be_v naked_a which_o have_v give_v so_o great_a a_o advantage_n to_o the_o barbarous_a nation_n of_o the_o goth_n huns_n and_o allans_n to_o the_o eight_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n he_o give_v this_o title_n of_o those_o who_o be_v leader_n of_o the_o ancient_a century_n and_o file_n and_o the_o seven_o chapter_n of_o that_o book_n he_o begin_v with_o these_o word_n have_v expound_v say_v he_o the_o ancient_a order_n of_o a_o legion_n and_o in_o many_o other_o place_n he_o witness_v that_o it_o be_v the_o ancient_a roman_a militia_n that_o he_o be_v to_o open_v to_o we_o and_o no_o new_a one_o which_o have_v deviate_v from_o that_o old_a one_o this_o be_v premise_v by_o i_o to_o anticipate_v objection_n i_o make_v bold_a to_o charge_n vegetius_n with_o seven_o gross_a error_n in_o the_o description_n of_o his_o legion_n yet_o all_o seven_o legion_n seven_o error_n in_o the_o descrition_n of_o his_o legion_n will_v not_o amount_v to_o one_o mortal_a sin_n which_o they_o say_v be_v likewise_o seven_o nay_o nor_o to_o one_o capital_a crime_n but_o if_o he_o be_v guilty_a of_o all_o these_o or_o any_o of_o these_o than_o i_o say_v he_o be_v not_o so_o good_a as_o his_o word_n in_o the_o four_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n where_o he_o promise_v ordinationem_fw-la legionis_fw-la antiquae_fw-la secundum_fw-la norman_n militaris_fw-la juris_fw-la exponore_fw-la to_o expound_v to_o we_o the_o right_a order_n of_o a_o ancient_a legion_n according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o military_a law_n but_o i_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o justify_v my_o charge_n in_o this_o follow_a order_n first_o i_o question_v the_o number_n of_o his_o legionary_a foot_n which_o he_o make_v to_o be_v error_n first_o error_n six_o thousand_o one_o hundred_o and_o all_o heavy_a arm_v mark_v that_o i_o read_v once_o of_o six_o thousand_o and_o once_o more_o of_o six_o thousand_o and_o two_o hundred_o and_o in_o that_o number_n be_v comprehend_v the_o velite_n but_o never_o of_o six_o thousand_o and_o one_o hun-hundred_n the_o truth_n be_v romulus_n make_v his_o legion_n three_o thousand_o after_o he_o it_o be_v augment_v and_o diminish_v according_a to_o the_o king_n senate_n or_o people_n pleasure_n or_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o state_n to_o 4000_o to_o 4200_o to_o 5000_o to_o 5200_o and_o sometime_o but_o very_a seldom_o to_o 6000_o or_o 6200_o as_o regiment_n be_v now_o make_v strong_a and_o weak_a in_o our_o modern_a levy_n according_a to_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o prince_n or_o state_n who_o make_v they_o but_o for_o most_o part_n the_o ancient_a roman_a legion_n be_v 4000_o or_o 4200._o livy_n in_o his_o six_o book_n say_v four_o legion_n be_v levy_v against_o the_o gaul_n each_o of_o 4000_o foot_n in_o his_o seven_o book_n he_o say_v that_o in_o the_o consulship_n of_o young_a camillus_n four_o legion_n be_v raise_v each_o of_o 4200_o foot_n in_o his_o eight_o book_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o in_o the_o war_n against_o the_o latin_n every_o legion_n consist_v of_o 5000_o foot_n in_o his_o nine_o book_n he_o make_v the_o legion_n to_o be_v 4000_o foot_n in_o the_o war_n against_o the_o samnite_n in_o his_o 21_o book_n he_o speak_v of_o six_o legion_n each_o of_o they_o 4000_o foot_n and_o not_o to_o spend_v more_o time_n in_o instance_n the_o same_o historian_n out_o of_o who_o and_o polybius_n i_o suppose_v vegetius_n borrow_v his_o great_a light_n of_o history_n say_v in_o his_o 22_o book_n that_o every_o roman_a legion_n be_v 5000_o foot_n in_o the_o time_n of_o their_o dangerous_a war_n with_o their_o redoubt_a enemy_n hannibal_n but_o after_o that_o be_v end_v they_o be_v reduce_v to_o 4000_o till_o the_o macedonian_a war_n except_o that_o some_o of_o they_o be_v make_v 6200_o by_o scipio_n unless_o then_o once_o in_o africa_n and_o once_o in_o greece_n we_o never_o find_v a_o legion_n 6000_o strong_a but_o never_o at_o all_o to_o be_v 6100_o as_o vegetius_n will_v have_v it_o to_o be_v constant_o he_o will_v have_v do_v himself_o much_o right_n and_o his_o reader_n a_o great_a favour_n to_o have_v tell_v who_o levy_v these_o legion_n of_o 6100._o if_o it_o be_v so_o in_o his_o own_o time_n or_o yet_o in_o the_o decadency_n of_o both_o the_o roman_a empire_n and_o militia_n that_o make_v nothing_o to_o his_o purpose_n it_o
how_o to_o do_v it_o first_o say_v he_o let_v the_o front_n of_o your_o army_n be_v marshal_v equal_a with_o that_o of_o your_o second_o second_o enemy_n then_o say_v he_o let_v your_o front_n retire_v by_o little_a and_o little_a and_o your_o flank_n stand_v still_o shall_v environ_v your_o enemy_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o machiavelli_n think_v this_o a_o squint_a device_n but_o it_o be_v a_o fancy_n only_o beseem_v a_o gentleman_n of_o the_o long_a robe_n if_o he_o have_v say_v let_v your_o battle_n stand_v and_o your_o wing_n extend_v themselves_o he_o have_v speak_v some_o sense_n but_o a_o front_n to_o retire_v be_v a_o improper_a speech_n and_o unintelligible_a in_o the_o art_n of_o war_n for_o in_o strict_a and_o proper_a language_n a_o front_n and_o a_o rear_n consist_v but_o each_o of_o they_o of_o one_o rank_n whether_o that_o be_v of_o ten_o a_o hundred_o a_o thousand_o ten_o thousand_o or_o twenry_n thousand_o man_n or_o horse_n so_o the_o first_o rank_n which_o be_v the_o front_n can_v retire_v further_a than_o six_o or_o three_o foot_n allow_v to_o be_v between_o it_o and_o the_o second_o rank_n unless_o all_o the_o rank_n and_o consequent_o the_o whole_a batallion_n retire_v i_o grant_v there_o be_v some_o who_o will_v have_v the_o half_a of_o the_o rank_n to_o be_v the_o front_n and_o the_o other_o half_a the_o rear_n as_o in_o our_o foot_n batallion_n which_o be_v six_o deep_a the_o three_o first_o rank_n make_v the_o front_n the_o other_o three_o the_o rear_n but_o this_o as_o i_o think_v be_v not_o proper_a language_n neither_o will_v it_o help_v machiavelli_n for_o his_o front_n of_o the_o three_o first_o rank_n can_v retire_v till_o the_o three_o last_o rank_n that_o be_v behind_o they_o retire_v first_o beside_o all_o this_o i_o doubt_v if_o in_o machiavel_n time_n captain_n may_v well_o hazard_v more_o three_o three_o than_o now_o to_o command_v a_o batallion_n of_o man_n to_o retire_v for_o fear_v they_o can_v not_o get_v they_o to_o advance_v again_o at_o least_o not_o so_o ready_o justus_n lipsius_n have_v reason_n to_o accuse_v machiavelli_n of_o gross_a ignorance_n for_o deny_v the_o right_a order_n of_o a_o militia_n to_o be_v a_o art_n and_o certain_o his_o conceit_n to_o do_v so_o four_o four_o be_v very_o extravagant_a â—esides_v he_o contradict_v himself_o for_o he_o call_v his_o treatise_n of_o war_n i_o set_v libri_fw-la del'arte_fw-la della_fw-it guerra_fw-mi di_fw-it nicolo_n machiavelli_n seven_o book_n of_o the_o art_n of_o war_n of_o nicol_n machiavelli_n indeed_o soldier_n be_v very_o little_o bind_v to_o he_o for_o he_o say_v neither_o prince_n nor_o state_n shall_v suffer_v any_o of_o those_o who_o profess_v to_o live_v by_o the_o art_n of_o war_n to_o dwell_v under_o they_o nor_o do_v say_v he_o any_o virtuous_a or_o good_a man_n use_v it_o as_o a_o art_n and_o add_v that_o those_o who_o do_v so_o must_v of_o necessity_n be_v false_a fraudulent_a treacherous_a and_o violent_a for_o they_o must_v say_v this_o doctor_n either_o obstruct_v all_o peace_n that_o the_o war_n continue_v they_o may_v thereby_o be_v maintain_v or_o they_o must_v pill_v plunder_v and_o make_v spoil_n of_o other_o man_n good_n in_o the_o time_n of_o war_n that_o thereby_o they_o may_v maintain_v themselves_o in_o the_o time_n of_o peace_n this_o be_v bad_a enough_o if_o it_o be_v all_o true_a these_o be_v his_o goodly_a argument_n which_o be_v but_o his_o own_o idle_a dream_n for_o it_o be_v observation_n five_o observation_n no_o difficil_n matter_n to_o keep_v man_n who_o make_v profession_n of_o arm_n within_o the_o bound_n of_o their_o duty_n even_o when_o they_o but_o seldom_o receive_v their_o wage_n and_o this_o in_o this_o age_n be_v visible_a to_o the_o whole_a world_n nor_o can_v many_o instance_n be_v give_v where_o man_n of_o war_n obstruct_v that_o peace_n which_o their_o master_n desire_v or_o which_o both_o party_n be_v content_v to_o make_v and_o if_o after_o the_o conclusion_n of_o a_o peace_n and_o disband_v of_o army_n any_o exorbitancy_n chance_v to_o be_v commit_v by_o the_o soldier_n as_o seldom_o any_o such_o thing_n fall_v out_o they_o have_v be_v occasion_v by_o too_o great_a a_o defalcation_n of_o their_o pay_n with_o the_o half_a or_o moiety_n whereof_o all_o modern_a soldier_n will_v be_v hearty_o well_o content_v so_o perfect_o have_v they_o learn_v the_o baptist_n lesson_n in_o the_o gospel_n to_o be_v content_a with_o their_o wage_n but_o to_o conclude_v i_o know_v not_o whether_o i_o shall_v more_o cry_v up_o the_o lowliness_n of_o spirit_n of_o those_o great_a statesman_n who_o be_v please_v to_o descend_v from_o their_o high_a corollary_n corollary_n sphere_n to_o learn_v their_o politic_n from_o machiavelli_n or_o commend_v the_o generosity_n of_o those_o captain_n who_o disdain_v to_o stoop_v so_o low_a as_o to_o receive_v their_o lesson_n of_o the_o military_a art_n from_o the_o town_n clerk_n of_o florence_n i_o suppose_v all_o that_o can_v be_v expect_v from_o i_o in_o the_o follow_a discourse_n be_v in_o some_o place_n to_o set_v down_o wherein_o the_o ordinance_n and_o custom_n of_o war_n in_o all_o or_o do_v what_o the_o author_n promise_v to_o do_v most_o of_o the_o several_a point_n or_o part_n of_o it_o in_o divers_a country_n agree_v or_o disagree_v with_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o present_a time_n and_o when_o i_o give_v my_o own_o opinion_n it_o shall_v be_v spare_o and_o with_o submission_n neither_o shall_v i_o decline_v to_o go_v as_o far_o back_o in_o the_o investigation_n of_o the_o custom_n and_o constitution_n of_o war_n in_o former_a time_n as_o i_o have_v either_o probable_a ground_n for_o conjecture_n or_o any_o glimpse_n of_o light_a to_o conduct_v i_o since_o i_o write_v this_o chapter_n i_o have_v see_v some_o frenchman_n who_o have_v be_v soldier_n themselves_o have_v give_v we_o a_o account_n of_o the_o present_a french_a art_n and_o order_n of_o war_n as_o de_fw-fr la_fw-fr valiere_n mounseur_fw-fr lovis_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr saya_n and_o some_o other_o chap._n ii_o of_o levy_n the_o manner_n of_o several_a nation_n in_o make_v they_o duty_n of_o soldier_n when_o they_o be_v levy_v their_o age_n and_o how_o long_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o serve_v army_n be_v proper_o the_o member_n of_o the_o great_a body_n of_o war_n and_o man_n be_v the_o sinew_n of_o army_n the_o best_a choice_n election_n or_o levy_v of_o man_n be_v of_o levy_n voluntary_a levy_n the_o subject_n of_o that_o prince_n or_o state_n who_o make_v the_o war_n where_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n impose_v a_o necessity_n on_o man_n â—it_a for_o service_n to_o enroll_v themselves_o according_a to_o their_o several_a rank_n and_o quality_n and_o this_o levy_n alter_v its_o nature_n according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o war_n for_o if_o that_o be_v a_o defensive_a one_o the_o levy_n be_v voluntary_a for_o ordinary_o man_n rise_v willing_o in_o arm_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o country_n life_n wife_n and_o child_n but_o if_o the_o war_n be_v a_o offensive_a one_o intend_v to_o invade_v a_o stranger_n and_o such_o as_o lead_v native_n from_o their_o country_n and_o home_n and_o carry_v they_o to_o foreign_a land_n it_o be_v not_o universal_o voluntary_a and_o very_o oft_o get_v the_o name_n of_o a_o press_n in_o this_o kind_n of_o levy_n most_o nation_n follow_v the_o custom_n of_o press_n press_n the_o grecian_n and_o roman_n and_o choose_v most_o of_o their_o cavalry_n out_o of_o the_o gentleman_n or_o the_o better_a sort_n and_o the_o infantry_n out_z of_o the_o commons_o but_o the_o substance_n of_o that_o custom_n be_v now_o vanish_v and_o we_o have_v scarce_o the_o shadow_n of_o it_o leave_v with_o we_o the_o emperor_n of_o the_o high_a dutch_a nation_n the_o german_a prince_n and_o imperial_a town_n by_o the_o old_a constitution_n of_o the_o empire_n make_v a_o election_n or_o levy_n of_o their_o subject_n according_a to_o their_o law_n sometime_o the_o ten_o sometime_o the_o six_o or_o five_o man_n or_o according_a to_o their_o estate_n in_o all_o their_o war_n both_o since_o germany_n manner_n of_o the_o ancient_a levy_n in_o germany_n the_o turk_n become_v their_o unwelcome_a neighbour_n and_o before_o he_o have_v foot_v in_o europe_n it_o be_v not_o above_o fourscore_o and_o ten_o year_n since_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o maximilian_n the_o second_o all_o that_o be_v enrol_v in_o the_o german_a cavalry_n be_v by_o birth_n gentleman_n it_o be_v true_a they_o bring_v some_o of_o they_o one_o some_o two_o and_o some_o three_o with_o they_o who_o wait_v on_o they_o well_o horse_v and_o arm_v for_o who_o they_o receive_v wage_n and_o be_v subject_a to_o article_n of_o war_n but_o these_o be_v call_v in_o their_o language_n einspanneer_v to_o distinguish_v they_o from_o the_o master_n who_o
those_o officer_n who_o be_v call_v together_o to_o be_v a_o jury_n in_o the_o examine_n processing_n and_o sentence_v delinquent_n and_o it_o be_v twofold_a a_o general_n or_o high_a court_n of_o war_n and_o a_o regiment_n or_o a_o low_a court_n of_o war._n the_o cause_n belong_v to_o the_o general_n court_n of_o war_n cognizance_n be_v war._n a_o general_n court_n of_o war._n matter_n of_o treason_n against_o the_o prince_n or_o state_n injury_n and_o affront_n do_v or_o offer_v to_o the_o person_n or_o honour_n of_o their_o general_n difference_n between_o the_o cavalry_n and_o infantry_n between_o one_o regiment_n and_o another_o between_z officer_n of_o one_o regiment_n or_o between_o officer_n and_o soldier_n of_o one_o regiment_n to_o the_o decision_n of_o a_o general_n court_n of_o war_n belong_v all_o civil_a affair_n and_o business_n though_o they_o have_v be_v determine_v in_o the_o low_a court_n for_o in_o it_o case_n to_o be_v determine_v by_o it_o these_o case_n appeal_n be_v permit_v to_o the_o high_a court_n neither_o can_v the_o sentence_n of_o the_o low_a court_n be_v execute_v till_o the_o process_n be_v full_o hear_v in_o the_o superior_a if_o the_o party_n concern_v have_v appeal_v to_o it_o when_o the_o business_n concern_v the_o prince_n or_o state_n or_o that_o any_o general_a person_n or_o colonel_n be_v criminal_o accuse_v the_o general_n or_o commander_n in_o chief_a of_o the_o army_n be_v oblige_v to_o preside_v himself_o but_o in_o those_o other_o case_n which_o i_o have_v mention_v it_o the_o precedent_n of_o it_o he_o may_v appoint_v a_o lieutenant-general_n or_o a_o major-general_n to_o preside_v i_o know_v the_o swede_n give_v the_o presidency_n in_o general_n court_v of_o war_n constant_o to_o the_o auditor-general_n or_o judg-marshal_n in_o the_o general_n or_o feltmarshal_n absence_n but_o true_o i_o think_v this_o be_v not_o do_v without_o some_o derogation_n to_o those_o general_a officer_n who_o assist_v for_o though_o upon_o the_o matter_n the_o auditor-general_n order_v the_o proceed_n of_o the_o martial_a court_n yet_o in_o point_n of_o honour_n he_o shall_v not_o preside_v in_o a_o high_a court_n of_o war_n no_o more_o than_o a_o regiment-auditor_n in_o the_o discipline_n of_o these_o same_o swede_n preside_v in_o a_o low_a court._n the_o assessor_n shall_v be_v twelve_o in_o number_n at_o least_o for_o they_o assessor_n the_o assessor_n may_v be_v and_o ordinary_o be_v more_o beside_o the_o precedent_n and_o in_o some_o place_n fourteen_o beside_o the_o precedent_n these_o be_v the_o general_n of_o the_o artillery_n the_o lieutenant-general_n of_o the_o army_n the_o general_n of_o the_o cavalry_n and_o infantry_n the_o lieutenant-general_n and_o major-general_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n the_o quartermaster_n general_n and_o such_o colonel_n as_o the_o general_n or_o auditor-general_n think_v fit_a to_o appoint_v after_o they_o be_v convene_v they_o take_v their_o place_n thus_o at_o the_o head_n of_o the_o table_n the_o precedent_n sit_v alone_o upon_o his_o right_a hand_n at_o the_o side_n of_o the_o table_n sit_v the_o general_n of_o the_o artillery_n and_o under_o he_o the_o general_n of_o the_o cavalry_n upon_o the_o precedent_n leave_v hand_n at_o the_o side_n of_o the_o table_n sit_v the_o lieutenant-general_n of_o the_o army_n and_o under_o he_o the_o general_n of_o the_o foot_n under_o the_o general_n of_o the_o cavalry_n sit_v the_o lieutenant-general_n precedency_n their_o precedency_n of_o the_o cavalry_n and_o under_o the_o general_n of_o the_o foot_n sit_v the_o lieutenant-general_n of_o the_o foot_n and_o in_o that_o same_o order_n the_o major-general_n and_o next_o they_o the_o general_n commissary_n and_o general_a quartermaster_n next_o they_o all_o the_o colonel_n who_o be_v call_v there_o take_v their_o place_n according_a to_o the_o time_n they_o have_v serve_v as_o colonel_n in_o that_o prince_n or_o state_n service_n the_o right_a side_n of_o the_o table_n which_o be_v that_o on_o the_o precedent_n right_a hand_n be_v more_o honourable_a than_o the_o other_o after_o they_o have_v all_o take_v their_o seat_n they_o rise_v again_o and_o hear_v a_o oath_n read_v wherein_o they_o swear_v with_o hand_n up_o to_o be_v free_a oath_n their_o oath_n from_o all_o malice_n envy_n hatred_n revenge_n fear_v and_o affection_n and_o that_o they_o shall_v judge_v righteous_o and_o impartial_o according_a to_o the_o law_n constitution_n and_o article_n of_o war_n and_o their_o own_o best_a judgement_n and_o conscience_n so_o help_v they_o god_n in_o the_o great_a day_n the_o provost-marshal_n general_n be_v to_o be_v the_o accuser_n accuser_n the_o accuser_n with_o the_o help_n of_o the_o prince_n prolocutor-fiscal_a and_o to_o he_o belong_v also_o the_o execution_n of_o the_o sentence_n the_o low_a court_n of_o war_n be_v that_o which_o be_v keep_v in_o the_o several_a regiment_n whether_o horse_n or_o foot_n which_o the_o colonel_n and_o in_o their_o 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of_o war_n the_o whole_a garrison_n be_v liable_a to_o punishment_n which_o be_v to_o be_v pioner_n to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o army_n i_o dare_v say_v law_n a_o severe_a law_n nothing_o against_o the_o justice_n of_o this_o law_n but_o i_o think_v if_o the_o garrison_n disobey_v the_o governor_n and_o do_v not_o march_v out_o at_o his_o command_n he_o pretend_v the_o prince_n or_o general_n order_n for_o what_o he_o do_v all_o of_o it_o may_v undergo_v the_o censure_n and_o punishment_n of_o mutiny_n but_o many_o law_n be_v make_v ad_fw-la terrorem_fw-la which_o do_v but_o little_a good_a i_o think_v the_o turkish_a punishment_n not_o imitable_a by_o those_o who_o profess_v the_o name_n punishment_n inhuman_a punishment_n of_o christ_n such_o as_o be_v roast_v at_o slow_a fire_n flay_v quick_a and_o gaunch_v the_o manner_n of_o this_o last_o be_v to_o throw_v the_o condemn_a person_n from_o the_o top_n of_o a_o tower_n or_o a_o high_a wall_n the_o place_n where_o he_o be_v to_o 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leave_v a_o honourable_a employment_n in_o which_o he_o have_v gain_v much_o reputation_n and_o go_v to_o his_o own_o country_n to_o commence_v a_o war_n against_o his_o prince_n for_o be_v illiterate_a he_o be_v not_o able_a to_o discern_v that_o he_o be_v fight_v against_o god_n ordinance_n when_o he_o suffer_v himself_o to_o be_v persuade_v by_o some_o skilful_a and_o learned_a man_n that_o he_o be_v to_o fight_v for_o the_o cause_n of_o god_n that_o soldier_n who_o serve_v or_o fight_v for_o any_o prince_n or_o state_n for_o wage_n in_o a_o cause_n he_o know_v to_o be_v unjust_a sin_n damnable_o and_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o both_o a_o sudden_a and_o serious_a repentance_n but_o alas_o how_o few_o of_o they_o can_v discern_v and_o again_o alas_o how_o few_o of_o they_o study_n to_o discern_v and_o inform_v themselves_o of_o the_o justice_n or_o unjustice_n of_o a_o cause_n beside_o it_o be_v the_o sad_a fate_n of_o many_o of_o they_o that_o be_v engage_v in_o a_o foreign_a 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and_o only_o look_v to_o what_o if_o i_o grant_v he_o all_o this_o it_o will_v not_o follow_v that_o the_o profession_n of_o pure_a and_o only_a soldiery_n without_o any_o other_o trade_n be_v unlawful_a if_o some_o soldier_n serve_v only_o for_o wage_n without_o any_o consideration_n of_o the_o cause_n all_o do_v not_o â—o_o but_o what_o if_o the_o soldier_n can_v know_v whether_o the_o cause_n for_o which_o he_o fight_v be_v just_a or_o unjust_a nay_o what_o if_o he_o conceive_v the_o cause_n to_o be_v most_o just_a whâ—n_o it_o be_v true_o in_o itself_o most_o unjust_a shall_v we_o not_o presume_v that_o in_o such_o a_o case_n invincible_a ignorance_n may_v plead_v a_o excuse_n with_o a_o merciful_a god_n assure_o it_o shall_v prevail_v much_o with_o the_o charity_n christ_n have_v command_v man_n to_o bear_v one_o to_o another_o i_o be_o of_o the_o opinion_n if_o de_fw-fr grot_n have_v write_v thus_o when_o his_o master_n the_o estate_n of_o the_o sâ—uâ—n_o unite_a province_n 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conscience_n concern_v the_o justice_n of_o the_o war_n i_o dare_v affirm_v they_o have_v never_o be_v either_o free_a or_o sovereign_a estate_n what_o judgement_n shall_v we_o make_v of_o all_o the_o civil_a war_n of_o germany_n france_n and_o great_a britain_n certain_o the_o cause_n of_o both_o party_n can_v not_o be_v just_a and_o yet_o no_o doubt_n all_o or_o most_o of_o each_o party_n think_v their_o own_o cause_n the_o most_o just_a and_o the_o only_a just_a cause_n shall_v we_o therefore_o cast_v all_o who_o quarrel_n be_v most_o unjust_a into_o the_o ever-burning_a flame_n of_o hell_n god_n forbid_v ignorance_n be_v the_o great_a sin_n of_o most_o of_o they_o though_o it_o may_v be_v fear_v many_o of_o the_o leader_n of_o the_o faction_n sin_v against_o conscience_n and_o judgement_n the_o late_a king_n of_o sueden_n charles_n gustavus_n invade_v poland_n in_o the_o year_n 1655._o examine_v the_o matter_n right_o it_o be_v a_o most_o perfect_a breach_n of_o the_o twenty_o 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