form_n of_o donation_n and_o therefore_o that_o be_v very_o vain_a which_o be_v object_v by_o some_o 16._o that_o the_o earth_n be_v give_v to_o the_o child_n of_o man_n but_o that_o 5._o the_o sea_n belong_v only_o to_o god_n himself_o as_o if_o dominion_n not_o common_a indeed_o but_o only_o a_o common_a use_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v permit_v by_o the_o word_n of_o holy_a scripture_n and_o as_o if_o it_o be_v not_o say_v in_o like_a manner_n 4._o the_o earth_n be_v the_o lord_n and_o fullness_n thereof_o the_o top_n of_o the_o hill_n be_v his_o also_o who_o know_v not_o that_o such_o say_n as_o these_o can_v in_o any_o wise_a weaken_v the_o dominion_n of_o mankind_n for_o whatsoëver_o be_v acquire_v by_o man_n still_o god_n almighty_a as_o father_n of_o the_o univers_n rete_v his_o supreme_a dominion_n both_o over_o man_n as_o also_o all_o other_o thing_n which_o never_o be_v deny_v yet_o by_o any_o sober_a man_n but_o the_o controversy_n be_v about_o the_o dominion_n of_o man_n to_o wit_n that_o which_o comprehend'_v any_o enjoiment_n or_o propriety_n whatsoëver_o save_v still_o that_o right_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o god_n which_o can_v be_v diminish_v and_o the_o distinction_n about_o this_o matter_n be_v very_o ordinary_a in_o the_o school_n according_a to_o the_o first_o sort_n of_o dominion_n nothing_o whatsoëver_o much_o less_o may_v the_o sea_n belong_v unto_o man_n according_a to_o the_o second_o all_o thing_n indeed_o be_v or_o may_v be_v they_o which_o can_v be_v apprehend_v seize_v and_o possess_v and_o moreover_o that_o in_o the_o old_a testament_n express_v mention_n be_v make_v more_o than_o once_o of_o such_o a_o seizure_n possession_n or_o private_a dominion_n as_o this_o whereof_o we_o treat_v and_o that_o as_o of_o a_o thing_n lawful_o bring_v in_o use_n there_o we_o find_v that_o the_o man_n of_o tyre_n be_v lord_n and_o master_n of_o the_o phaenician_a and_o the_o egyptian_n of_o the_o alexandrian_a sea_n concern_v the_o phaenician_a say_v the_o prophet_n unto_o tyrus_n 16._o all_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o sea_n shall_v come_v down_o from_o their_o throne_n etc._n etc._n and_o they_o shall_v take_v up_o a_o lamentation_n for_o thou_o and_o say_v to_o thou_o how_o be_v thou_o destroy_v that_o be_v inhabit_v of_o seafaring_a man_n the_o renown_a city_n which_o waste_v strong_a in_o the_o sea_n here_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o tyrian_n at_o sea_n be_v plain_o set_v forth_o and_o in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n 4._o thy_o border_n be_v in_o the_o midst_n or_o heart_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o we_o read_v it_o in_o the_o hebrew_n and_o also_o in_o a_o arundelianâ_fw-la arabian_a manuscript_n which_o render_v it_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n for_o both_o the_o greek_a and_o vulgar_a translation_n differ_v there_o from_o the_o original_a it_o follow_v we_o also_o thus_o 9_o all_o the_o ship_n of_o the_o sea_n with_o their_o mariner_n be_v thou_o to_o occupy_v thy_o merchandise_n in_o stead_n of_o which_o last_o word_n these_o be_v put_v in_o the_o greek_a copy_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d even_o westward_o of_o the_o west_n or_o through_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o main_a or_o western_a sea_n that_o be_v the_o phaenician_a or_o syrian_a again_o 2._o because_o thy_o heart_n be_v lift_v up_o and_o thou_o have_v say_v i_o be_o a_o god_n i_o sit_v in_o the_o seat_n of_o god_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o sea_n he_o threaten_v not_o the_o tyrian_a because_o he_o have_v get_v he_o a_o dominion_n over_o the_o neighbour_a sea_n but_o because_o be_v lift_v up_o with_o pride_n he_o have_v take_v unto_o himself_o the_o name_n of_o god_n the_o tyrian_a be_v call_v likewise_o in_o another_o scripture_n the_o 4._o sea_n itself_o and_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o concern_v the_o egyptian_a sea_n another_o prophet_n speak_v thus_o unto_o ninive_n be_v thou_o better_v then_o populous_a alexandria_n in_o the_o original_a the_o city_n be_v call_v no_o take_v here_o for_o alexandria_n which_o be_v situate_a among_o the_o river_n that_o have_v the_o water_n round_o about_o it_o who_o riches_n and_o strength_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o hebrew_n or_o as_o the_o greek_a render_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v who_o empire_n or_o dominion_n be_v the_o sea_n moreover_o it_o seem_v to_o make_v mention_n of_o king_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o well_o as_o of_o island_n 10._o the_o king_n of_o tarshish_n and_o of_o the_o isle_n shall_v bring_v present_n for_o tarshish_n or_o tharsis_n in_o hebrew_a signify_v the_o sea_n 2._o as_o it_o be_v often_o confess_v both_o by_o the_o greek_a and_o chaldee_n interpreter_n although_o munster_n a_o man_n otherwise_o very_o learned_a speak_v unadvised_o upon_o the_o forementioned_a place_n and_o will_v not_o have_v tharsis_n there_o to_o signify_v the_o sea_n because_o say_v he_o king_n have_v nothing_o to_o do_v at_o sea_n but_o rule_v only_o upon_o land_n forget_v what_o we_o have_v already_o tell_v you_o that_o express_a mention_n be_v make_v by_o ezechiel_n concern_v prince_n of_o the_o sea_n with_o which_o agree'_v also_o that_o say_n 25._o i_o will_v set_v his_o hand_n in_o the_o sea_n and_o his_o right_a hand_n in_o the_o flood_n upon_o which_o place_n aben-ezra_n note_n be_v that_o god_n almighty_a assign_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n there_o unto_o king_n david_n that_o he_o may_v rule_v over_o those_o that_o sail_v either_o through_o the_o sea_n or_o the_o river_n it_o be_v write_v thus_o likewise_o in_o the_o apocrypha_fw-la 4._o o_o you_o man_n do_v not_o man_n excel_v in_o strength_n that_o bear_v rule_n over_o sea_n and_o land_n and_o all_o thing_n in_o they_o but_o yet_o the_o king_n be_v more_o mighty_a for_o he_o be_v lord_n of_o all_o these_o thing_n and_o have_v dominion_n over_o they_o and_o in_o another_o place_n say_v the_o angel_n to_o esdras_n 7._o the_o sea_n be_v set_v in_o a_o wide_a place_n that_o it_o may_v be_v deep_a and_o great_a but_o put_v case_n the_o entrance_n be_v narrow_a and_o like_o a_o river_n who_o then_o can_v enter_v the_o sea_n to_o look_v upon_o it_o and_o have_v dominion_n over_o it_o iâ—_n he_o go_v not_o through_o the_o narrow_a the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o of_o the_o land_n be_v grant_v alike_o in_o both_o these_o place_n it_o be_v say_v also_o of_o king_n ahasuerus_n 1._o that_o he_o make_v not_o only_o the_o land_n but_o all_o the_o isle_n of_o the_o sea_n to_o become_v tributary_n which_o word_n true_o do_v clear_o show_v a_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o so_o they_o be_v express_v in_o the_o vulgar_a edition_n out_o of_o the_o hebrew_n original_a which_o be_v lose_v but_o the_o greek_a copy_n be_v more_o plain_a there_o 〈◊〉_d the_o king_n write_v to_o his_o kingdom_n of_o the_o land_n and_o sea_n nor_o must_v we_o omit_v that_o of_o moses_n when_o he_o bless_v the_o people_n 23._o and_o of_o naphtali_n he_o say_v naphtali_n shall_v enjoy_v abundance_n and_o be_v full_a with_o the_o blessing_n of_o the_o lord_n he_o shall_v possess_v or_o inherit_v the_o sea_n and_o the_o south_n as_o the_o â—â—lgar_a and_o the_o greek_a do_v render_v that_o place_n but_o by_o many_o other_o the_o sea_n be_v take_v there_o for_o the_o westquarter_n as_o it_o be_v often_o in_o the_o scripture_n yet_o true_o it_o be_v clear_v those_o word_n be_v mean_v of_o the_o sea_n of_o galilee_n or_o of_o the_o lake_n of_o tiberias_n not_o of_o the_o great_a or_o phaenician_a sea_n which_o lie_v westward_o because_o the_o land_n of_o naphtali_n be_v situate_a near_o that_o lake_n which_o also_o be_v often_o call_v the_o sea_n as_o it_o appear_v likewise_o out_o of_o onkelus_n his_o paraphrase_n where_o express_a mention_n be_v make_v of_o the_o sea_n of_o genesareth_n call_v also_o the_o lake_n of_o tiberias_n or_o the_o sea_n of_o chinnereth_n and_o by_o this_o name_n it_o pass_v with_o the_o salt_n sea_n or_o the_o lake_n of_o asphaltites_n in_o the_o 3_o sacred_a description_n of_o the_o eastern_a part_n of_o the_o holy_a land_n but_o the_o former_a place_n of_o deuteronomie_n be_v â—…usly_o render_v by_o rupert_n the_o abbot_n of_o tuitiuâ—_n 18._o maâ—e_n &_o meridiem_fw-la possidebit_fw-la for_o mare_n &_o meridiem_fw-la he_o shall_v possess_v the_o morning_n and_o the_o south_n for_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o south_n however_o it_o be_v clear_a i_o suppose_v out_o of_o the_o place_n allege_v such_o plain_a testimony_n be_v find_v in_o holy_a writ_n touch_v such_o a_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n that_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n it_o must_v be_v grant_v that_o according_a to_o the_o universal_a permissive_a law_n any_o man_n may_v acquire_v it_o as_o well_o as_o the_o land_n and_o true_o as_o for_o those_o place_n quote_v in_o the_o forego_n chapter_n concern_v the_o
forbid_v man_n passage_n in_o the_o common_a road_n without_o some_o just_a cause_n which_o must_v be_v determine_v in_o a_o imperial_a diet_n nevertheless_o it_o be_v wrest_v by_o some_o to_o prove_v a_o freedom_n of_o navigation_n at_o sea_n for_o that_o happen_v by_o a_o particular_a law_n agree_v upon_o by_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o empire_n who_o themselves_o also_o be_v subject_a to_o a_o diet_n but_o other_o nation_n that_o be_v under_o several_a and_o distinct_a sovereignty_n have_v not_o as_o yet_o make_v any_o such_o agreement_n that_o there_o shall_v always_o be_v a_o liberty_n of_o passage_n to_o and_o fro_o nor_o have_v they_o like_o the_o germanet_fw-la and_o other_o within_o their_o dominion_n refer_v themselves_o unto_o a_o umpire_n to_o determine_v the_o business_n a_o answer_n to_o that_o objection_n concern_v the_o uncertain_a fluid_a nature_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o its_o continual_a alteration_n it_o be_v prove_v that_o river_n also_o and_o the_o adjoin_a aër_fw-la which_o be_v more_o fluid_a and_o uncertain_a may_v become_v appropriate_a chap._n xxi_o but_o they_o say_v that_o the_o very_a nature_n of_o the_o sea_n render_v it_o unfit_a for_o private_a dominion_n both_o because_o it_o be_v ever_o in_o motion_n and_o in_o no_o wise_a remain_n the_o same_o as_o also_o because_o a_o convenient_a matter_n as_o well_o as_o instrument_n be_v want_v therein_o to_o make_v a_o distinction_n of_o bound_n without_o which_o private_a dominion_n can_v well_o consist_v yea_o and_o because_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o vast_a and_o spacious_a body_n it_o be_v always_o sufficient_a for_o all_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v its_o fluid_a nature_n be_v not_o river_n and_o fountain_n much_o more_o in_o a_o perpetual_a flux_n or_o motion_n rivers_z always_o run_v forward_o wherewith_o the_o sea_n be_v compare_v it_o seem_v to_o stand_v immovable_a as_o say_v 1._o strabo_n and_o â—_o eustathius_n say_v that_o homer_n therefore_o call_v the_o sea_n by_o the_o name_n of_o a_o stand_a pool_n because_o it_o run_v not_o forward_o as_o river_n do_v but_o be_v very_a stable_n and_o 1._o another_o say_v the_o sea_n stand_v without_o motion_n as_o it_o be_v some_o dull_a heap_n of_o matter_n that_o nature_n can_v not_o bring_v to_o perfection_n but_o suppose_v we_o grant_v it_o be_v so_o fluid_a as_o be_v usual_o say_v of_o the_o most_o northern_o sea_n and_o channel_n yet_o certain_o the_o channel_n and_o place_n out_o of_o which_o the_o water_n flow_v remain_v ever_o the_o same_o though_o the_o water_n themselves_o do_v shift_n and_o change_v continual_o nor_o yet_o can_v it_o be_v suppose_v that_o the_o right_n of_o private_a dominion_n over_o river_n be_v any_o whit_n prejudice_v thereby_o in_o the_o romane-germane_n empire_n rivers_n according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v of_o public_a use_n yet_o they_o be_v reckon_v in_o the_o emperor_n be_v etc._n private_a patrimony_n and_o among_o the_o right_n or_o royalty_n belong_v to_o his_o exchequer_n so_o that_o either_o the_o emperor_n or_o other_o by_o his_o grant_n have_v in_o like_a manner_n a_o yearly_a revenue_n out_o of_o the_o fishery_n in_o they_o upon_o which_o account_n it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o they_o of_o lombardy_n and_o other_o particular_a people_n throughout_o italy_n enjoie_v all_o the_o river_n of_o their_o territory_n as_o proper_a and_o peculiar_a to_o themselves_o by_o prescription_n as_o we_o be_v tell_v by_o 31._o caepola_n nor_o be_v any_o thing_n more_o common_a than_o a_o assert_v of_o the_o private_a dominion_n of_o river_n as_o well_o as_o their_o bank_n in_o the_o law_n of_o spain_n france_n poland_n and_o venice_n and_o in_o a_o word_n of_o all_o nation_n who_o custom_n be_v know_v to_o we_o nor_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v this_o objection_n fetch_v it_o from_o the_o fluid_a constitution_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v there_o any_o difference_n in_o nature_n between_o a_o great_a and_o a_o lesser_a a_o private_a and_o a_o public_a river_n even_o â—luminibus_fw-la ulpian_n himself_o concern_v river_n say_v there_o be_v no_o difference_n between_o a_o private_a river_n and_o other_o private_a place_n and_o usucapionibus_fw-la martianus_n if_o a_o man_n have_v fish_v all_o alone_a many_o year_n in_o a_o corner_n of_o a_o public_a river_n he_o may_v hinder_v any_o other_o from_o use_v the_o same_o liberty_n moreover_o oftentimes_o heretofore_o in_o the_o roman_a empire_n rivers_n be_v make_v over_o as_o well_o as_o other_o part_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o land_n assign_v agrorum_fw-la siculus_n flaccus_n say_v in_o some_o country_n even_o the_o river_n themselves_o be_v assign_v out_o by_o measure_n but_o in_o some_o the_o subcesive_a or_o remanent_fw-la part_n only_o be_v leave_v out_o unassign_v and_o yet_o it_o be_v except_v out_o from_o the_o part_n assign_v as_o belong_v still_o only_o to_o the_o river_n itself_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n also_o agrorum_fw-la aggenus_n urbicus_n for_o it_o be_v never_o conceive_v that_o the_o river_n be_v otherwise_o acquire_v by_o the_o people_n or_o emperor_n of_o rome_n then_o the_o adjoin_a land_n accord_v to_o that_o of_o the_o river_n danubius_n speak_v to_o the_o emperor_n 4._o danubius_n penitis_n caput_fw-la occultatus_fw-la in_o oris_fw-la totus_fw-la sub_fw-la vestrâ_fw-la jam_fw-la ditione_n fluo_fw-la et_fw-la quà _fw-la dives_fw-la aquis_fw-la scythico_n solvo_fw-la ostia_fw-la ponto_n omnia_fw-la sub_fw-la vestrum_fw-la flumina_fw-la mitto_fw-la jugum_n danubius_n i_o who_o fountain_n few_o do_v know_v now_o whole_o under_o your_o dominion_n flow_v and_o when_o full-charged_a run_v to_o the_o euxin_n sea_n i_o make_v all_o river_n to_o you_o tribute_n pay_v we_o know_v that_o a_o island_n new_o spring_v up_o in_o a_o river_n as_o also_o a_o channel_n that_o be_v desert_v be_v even_o by_o ancient_a custom_n insula_fw-la common_a to_o such_o as_o upon_o the_o bank_n of_o any_o river_n do_v possess_v land_n that_o be_v not_o limit_v that_o be_v to_o say_v after_o the_o manner_n of_o land_n or_o possession_n unless_o there_o be_v some_o special_a law_n or_o custom_n to_o the_o contrary_n and_o touch_v the_o division_n of_o such_o a_o island_n according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o several_a land_n situate_v near_o one_o bank_n or_o both_o bartolus_n in_o tiberiade_n have_v write_v long_o since_o but_o of_o late_a time_n joannes_n buteo_n baptista_n aymus_n antonius_n maria_n joannes_n gryphiander_n and_o other_o therefore_o in_o that_o case_n a_o propriety_n of_o the_o channel_n and_o so_o of_o the_o river_n even_o of_o that_o which_o according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v of_o public_a and_o common_a use_n as_o well_o as_o of_o a_o field_n that_o have_v a_o common_a thoroughfare_a be_v common_a before_o to_o the_o owner_n that_o have_v land_n lie_v on_o both_o side_n by_o the_o same_o reason_n almost_o a_o island_n new_o spring_v up_o in_o any_o sea_n that_o never_o be_v possess_v by_o any_o and_o whatsoêver_o shall_v be_v build_v upon_o it_o become_v his_o that_o first_o enter_v it_o by_o occupation_n for_o the_o channel_n and_o that_o sea_n at_o first_o belong_v to_o all_o man_n in_o general_n but_o by_o virtue_n of_o that_o universal_a compact_n or_o agreement_n before_o mention_v whereby_o thing_n not_o yet_o possess_v be_v to_o become_v the_o propriety_n of_o he_o that_o shall_v first_o enjoie_v they_o by_o occupation_n he_o that_o shall_v so_o possess_v they_o by_o occupation_n receive_v the_o island_n and_o building_n as_o it_o be_v by_o a_o surrender_n of_o right_n from_o former_a owner_n see_v therefore_o that_o a_o propriety_n and_o private_a dominion_n of_o rivers_n have_v be_v every_o where_o acknowledge_v why_o shall_v it_o not_o be_v acknowledge_v in_o like_a manner_n that_o there_o may_v be_v owner_n of_o any_o sea_n whatsoëver_o since_o the_o fluid_a nature_n of_o water_n can_v no_o more_o hinder_v a_o dominion_n in_o the_o one_o then_o in_o the_o other_o yea_o the_o river_n themselves_o be_v only_o lesser_a sea_n as_o also_o the_o fen_n and_o lake_n even_o as_o the_o sea_n itself_o as_o to_o its_o fluid_a constitution_n be_v no_o other_o than_o a_o river_n fen_n or_o lake_n differ_v only_o in_o bigness_n from_o the_o rest_n and_o so_o it_o have_v be_v take_v by_o the_o ancient_n in_o the_o very_a story_n of_o the_o creation_n all_o the_o gather_n together_o of_o the_o water_n be_v call_v sea_n which_o have_v be_v observe_v also_o by_o the_o 6._o father_n to_o this_o purpose_n there_o be_v also_o very_o eminent_a example_n in_o holy_a scripture_n touch_v the_o two_o lake_n of_o asphaltites_n and_o tiberias_n both_o which_o be_v equal_o call_v sea_n asphaltites_n be_v by_o pliny_n ptolemy_n josephus_n solinus_n and_o vitruvius_n term_v a_o lake_n but_o by_o moses_n 3._o the_o salt_n sea_n and_o by_o most_o of_o the_o late_a writer_n the_o dead_a sea_n tiberias_n be_v in_o like_a manner_n by_o the_o ancient_n and_o also_o
south_n west_n or_o sea_n and_o northern_a bound_n of_o the_o holy_a land_n they_o be_v so_o understand_v both_o by_o the_o jewish_a lawyer_n and_o divine_n that_o they_o will_v have_v either_o the_o great_a or_o phaenician_a sea_n itself_o or_o at_o least_o some_o adjoin_a part_n of_o it_o to_o be_v assign_v also_o by_o god_n unto_o the_o israëlite_n as_o lord_n of_o it_o for_o ever_o of_o which_o point_n we_o shall_v discourse_n a_o little_a more_o full_o as_o for_o that_o which_o be_v render_v there_o out_o of_o the_o vulgar_a edition_n touch_v the_o south_n border_n finiâ—â—â—â—_n as_o far_o as_o the_o river_n of_o egypt_n and_o it_o shall_v be_v bound_v by_o the_o shore_n of_o the_o great_a sea_n the_o hebrew_n say_v ad_fw-la â—orrentem_fw-la aegypti_n unto_o the_o river_n of_o egypt_n or_o the_o north_n entrance_n of_o niâ—us_n which_o divide_v the_o â—and_n of_o israël_n from_o egypt_n at_o the_o sea_n &_o erunt_fw-la exitus_fw-la ejus_fw-la in_o mare_fw-la and_o the_o go_n out_o thereof_o shall_v be_v into_o the_o sea_n so_o that_o concern_v that_o border_n be_v bound_v by_o the_o shore_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o vulgar_a we_o find_v it_o not_o otherwise_o express_v there_o in_o the_o original_a then_o it_o be_v add_v next_o concern_v the_o west-border_n or_o that_o which_o be_v at_o the_o great_a sea_n word_n for_o word_n out_o of_o the_o hebrew_n as_o for_o your_o sea-border_n you_o may_v have_v the_o great_a sea_n and_o let_v this_o be_v your_o border_n or_o let_v it_o be_v your_o sea_n border_n or_o border_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o there_o the_o greek_a interpreter_n render_v it_o thus_o you_o shall_v have_v the_o bound_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o they_o shall_v be_v your_o bound_n the_o great_a sea_n shall_v bound_v you_o wherein_o after_o their_o usual_a manner_n they_o plain_o follow_v the_o text_n of_o the_o samaritan_n copy_n for_o there_o we_o read_v it_o thus_o and_o you_o shall_v have_v a_o sea-border_n the_o great_a sea_n shall_v bound_v you_o let_v this_o be_v your_o sea_n or_o western-border_n and_o thus_o the_o word_n sea_n be_v use_v as_o well_o for_o the_o western_a quarter_n as_o for_o the_o sea_n itself_o that_o place_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n so_o render_v that_o in_o so_o short_a a_o period_n the_o sea_n be_v take_v for_o both_o as_o for_o the_o west-border_n you_o shall_v have_v the_o great_a sea_n and_o this_o border_n shall_v be_v your_o west-border_n as_o it_o be_v express_v by_o the_o jew_n of_o spain_n y_fw-fr termino_fw-la de_fw-fr ponente_fw-la y_fw-fr sera_fw-fr à _fw-fr vos_fw-fr el_fw-es mar_v el_fw-es grande_fw-fr y_fw-fr termino_fw-la este_fw-la sera_fw-it à _fw-it vos_fw-la termino_fw-la de_fw-fr ponente_fw-la thus_o be_v also_o in_o onkelus_n and_o erpenius_n his_o arabic_a save_o that_o onkelus_n render_v it_o thus_o but_o your_o west-border_n shall_v be_v the_o great_a sea_n and_o the_o border_n thereof_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v your_o west-border_n but_o a_o arabian_a translation_n in_o manuscript_n for_o which_o we_o be_v behold_v to_o the_o earl_n or_o arundel_n library_n after_o these_o word_n unto_o the_o river_n of_o egypt_n add'_v also_o and_o the_o go_v out_o thereof_o shall_v be_v at_o the_o coast_n or_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o border_n of_o the_o sea_n shall_v be_v your_o border_n also_o the_o great_a sea_n in_o their_o border_n thiâ—_n shall_v be_v your_o border_n from_o the_o sea_n coast._n but_o the_o north_n part_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o particular_n allege_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n be_v bound_v by_o mount_n hor_n so_o that_o it_o appear_v hence_o that_o the_o more_o northerly_a entrance_n of_o nilus_n that_o be_v the_o pelusiock_n as_o it_o seem_v for_o they_o be_v not_o well_o agree_v about_o the_o very_a particular_a place_n serve_v instead_o of_o bound_n to_o the_o south_n part_n of_o the_o land_n of_o israël_n which_o border_v upon_o the_o sea_n as_o also_o to_o that_o part_n of_o the_o promontory_n or_o foot_n of_o mount_n hor_n which_o be_v situate_v north-east_n by_o the_o sea_n but_o this_o mount_n be_v that_o which_o in_o the_o vulgar_a edition_n be_v call_v a_o exceed_a high_a mountain_n in_o the_o jewish_a commentary_n it_o be_v know_v also_o by_o the_o name_n of_o amana_n and_o amanon_n and_o amanus_n and_o by_o some_o it_o be_v take_v for_o that_o mountain_n in_o the_o canticle_n call_v cant._n amana_n and_o in_o the_o jewish_a targum_fw-la 8._o manus_fw-la be_v put_v for_o mount_v hor._n it_o be_v take_v also_o for_o libanus_n by_o such_o as_o in_o their_o 2._o description_n of_o the_o holy_a land_n be_v wont_a to_o make_v mount_n libanus_n its_o northern_a border_n but_o as_o touch_v this_o mount_n hor_n or_o amanus_n of_o the_o same_o name_n with_o that_o mountain_n which_o but_o his_o out_n into_o the_o gulf_n now_o call_v golfo_n dell_fw-it '_o aiazza_n by_o some_o also_o take_v for_o the_o same_o 34._o or_o rather_o mount_v taurus_n it_o be_v describe_v after_o this_o manner_n by_o solomon_n jarchius_n it_o be_v seat_v in_o a_o north_n west_n corner_n it_o be_v head_n bend_v downward_o stretch_v out_o into_o the_o very_a sea_n and_o it_o be_v wash_v in_o divers_a place_n by_o the_o main_a betwixt_o these_o bound_n to_o wit_n the_o southern_a part_n or_o the_o pelusiack_a entrance_n of_o nilus_n and_o the_o north-east_n bind_v or_o promontory_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a mount_n the_o great_a sea_n which_o be_v reckon_v the_o western_a bind_v or_o border_n haiung_a divers_a wind_n and_o turn_n along_o the_o shore_n be_v stretch_v out_o in_o such_o a_o manner_n above_o 200_o mile_n that_o if_o a_o straight_a line_n shall_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o north-east_n border_n to_o the_o southern_a a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o sea_n that_o extend'_v itself_o within_o the_o line_n for_o so_o many_o mile_n must_v needs_o be_v intercept_v which_o also_o be_v very_o easy_o to_o be_v understand_v without_o the_o help_n of_o a_o map_n these_o thing_n be_v thus_o premise_v brief_o but_o so_o far_o as_o the_o matter_n in_o hand_n require_n to_o discover_v the_o western_a part_n of_o the_o holy_a land_n border_v whole_o upon_o the_o sea_n and_o that_o according_a to_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o ancient_a hebrew_n not_o by_o modern_a description_n it_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v that_o the_o jewish_a divine_n and_o lawyer_n when_o they_o discourse_n about_o the_o precept_n and_o law_n belong_v to_o the_o land_n of_o israël_n that_o be_v of_o those_o to_o which_o they_o conceiv_v themselves_o not_o bind_v by_o the_o holy_a law_n without_o the_o limit_n of_o that_o land_n use_v to_o treat_v very_o precise_o even_o to_o a_o hair_n touch_v the_o border_n of_o their_o dominion_n as_o it_o be_v appoint_v by_o the_o command_n of_o god_n to_o wit_n touch_v the_o bound_n of_o their_o territory_n as_o the_o name_n territorie_n signifie'_v the_o whole_a not_o only_o land_n and_o field_n but_o river_n also_o and_o all_o other_o water_n within_o the_o circuit_n of_o each_o city_n as_o it_o be_v right_o take_v also_o by_o the_o judiciis_fw-la civil_a lawyer_n the_o precept_n speak_v of_o be_v those_o which_o be_v receive_v by_o the_o jew_n touch_v the_o observation_n of_o the_o sabbaticall_a year_n oblation_n of_o fruit_n the_o levitical_a custom_n of_o tithing_n and_o other_o of_o that_o kind_n for_o by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n they_o will_v not_o yield_v that_o those_o thing_n shall_v be_v observe_v out_o of_o the_o israëlitish_n dominion_n although_o 133._o by_o tradition_n of_o their_o ancestor_n they_o be_v usual_o observe_v in_o egypt_n jdumaea_n the_o land_n of_o moab_n and_o shinar_n both_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o neighbourhood_n and_o the_o frequent_a conver_n of_o the_o israëlit_v among_o they_o but_o now_o so_o far_o as_o concern_v the_o western_a or_o seabordering_a of_o the_o land_n of_o israël_n as_o it_o be_v assign_v at_o first_o by_o god_n in_o observe_v precept_n of_o this_o kind_n according_a to_o the_o holy_a law_n we_o meet_v with_o two_o opinion_n in_o their_o commentary_n from_o both_o which_o indeed_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v assign_v by_o god_n himself_o unto_o the_o israëlite_n as_o lord_n thereof_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o land_n though_o one_o opinion_n assign_n large_a bound_n the_o other_o much_o more_o narrow_a so_o that_o they_o all_o agree_v about_o the_o thing_n differ_v only_o about_o the_o latitude_n the_o first_o opinion_n be_v of_o those_o who_o affirm_v that_o the_o whole_a western_a sea_n as_o it_o lie_v before_o the_o western_a coast_n of_o the_o land_n of_o israël_n or_o as_o it_o be_v bound_v inward_a by_o straight_a line_n draw_v on_o both_o side_n from_o the_o north-east_n and_o south_n border_v before_o mention_v through_o that_o ocean_n into_o the_o west_n together_o with_o the_o continent_n be_v give_v
acknowledge_v that_o common_a practice_n and_o receive_v custom_n be_v for_o the_o other_o part_n 〈…〉_o in_o case_n say_v he_o i_o forbid_v any_o man_n to_o fish_n before_o my_o house_n or_o royalty_n what_o can_v be_v say_v may_v he_o sue_v i_o upon_o a_o action_n of_o trespass_n or_o no_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o shore_n indeed_o be_v common_a to_o all_o as_o the_o aër_fw-la and_o it_o have_v be_v declare_v that_o no_o man_n can_v be_v prohibit_v from_o fish_v or_o fowl_v any_o otherwise_o then_o as_o he_o may_v be_v debar_v from_o enter_v upon_o another_o man_n ground_n yet_o for_o a_o man_n to_o be_v forbid_v to_o fish_n before_o my_o house_n or_o royalty_n be_v the_o common_a custom_n although_o ground_v upon_o no_o law_n wherefore_o if_o any_o man_n be_v prohibit_v he_o have_v for_o all_o that_o a_o action_n of_o trespass_n he_o grant_n it_o be_v a_o receive_a use_n and_o custom_n that_o subjection_n shall_v be_v thus_o impose_v on_o the_o sea_n and_o so_o a_o private_a dominion_n thereof_o be_v admit_v but_o lest_o he_o shall_v be_v find_v unconstant_a to_o his_o espouse_a opinion_n of_o the_o community_n of_o the_o sea_n he_o have_v presume_v to_o declare_v it_o do_v without_o any_o law_n or_o justice_n yet_o he_o himself_o deliver_n his_o judgement_n in_o another_o place_n thus_o the_o vender_n or_o seller_n of_o the_o geronian_a farm_n impose_v such_o a_o condition_n on_o the_o botrojan_a farm_n which_o he_o still_o keep_v in_o his_o hand_n that_o from_o that_o time_n forward_a no_o fish_n for_o tunies_n shall_v be_v use_v upon_o the_o coast_n thereof_o although_o no_o private_a contract_n can_v lay_v a_o restraint_n upon_o the_o sea_n which_o nature_n set_z open_a to_o all_o yet_o in_o regard_n honesty_n and_o faithful_a deal_n in_o the_o agreement_n require_v that_o this_o article_n of_o the_o sale_n be_v observe_v the_o person_n that_o be_v in_o present_a possession_n and_o they_o that_o succeed_v into_o the_o say_a farm_n be_v oblige_v by_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o covenant_n or_o bargain_n in_o this_o case_n the_o owner_n of_o the_o botrojan_a farm_n renounce_v his_o right_n of_o fish_v and_o ulpian_n may_v as_o well_o have_v say_v that_o restraint_n or_o subjection_n be_v impose_v upon_o that_o adjacent_a sea_n as_o indeed_o it_o be_v but_o that_o he_o be_v so_o unwilling_a to_o forgo_v his_o opinion_n of_o the_o sea_n unalterable_a community_n moreover_o the_o purchaser_n of_o the_o geronian_a farm_n be_v so_o full_o possess_v of_o the_o sea_n that_o lie_v before_o the_o botrojan_a that_o by_o virtue_n of_o this_o subjection_n real_o impose_v on_o that_o sea-territorie_n the_o owner_n of_o the_o botrojan_a farm_n can_v never_o after_o just_o claim_v or_o exercise_v a_o privilege_n of_o fish_v for_o tunies_n without_o his_o permission_n whereupon_o 3._o stephanus_n forcatulus_n once_o professor_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n at_o tholose_a conclude_n to_o the_o purpose_n that_o there_o be_v nothing_o to_o hinder_v but_o that_o the_o sea_n though_o common_a to_o all_o may_v by_o public_a decree_n be_v subject_v to_o a_o prince_n by_o the_o same_o right_n that_o he_o hold_v his_o adjoin_a kingdom_n since_o the_o same_o thing_n may_v in_o a_o manner_n be_v effect_v by_o virtue_n of_o a_o private_a compact_n where_o by_o private_a compact_n he_o mean_n that_n concern_v the_o purchaser_n of_o the_o geronian_a farm_n as_o he_o himself_o say_v express_o in_o the_o same_o place_n but_o the_o opinion_n of_o ulpianus_n for_o a_o perpetual_a community_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v so_o entertain_v as_o authentic_a by_o the_o lawyer_n of_o the_o eastern_a empire_n that_o there_o be_v no_o law_n in_o force_n among_o they_o whereby_o a_o adjacent_a sea_n may_v be_v make_v appropriate_a or_o any_o man_n be_v debar_v the_o liberty_n of_o fish_v by_o the_o owner_n of_o such_o land_n as_o border_v thereupon_o and_o if_o any_o one_o be_v debar_v he_o may_v have_v a_o action_n of_o trespass_n which_o be_v manifest_a enough_o not_o only_o in_o the_o basilica_n piscatoribus_fw-la which_o before_o the_o dismember_n of_o they_o be_v a_o body_n of_o the_o law_n of_o the_o grecian_a or_o eastern_a empire_n but_o also_o by_o the_o decree_v establish_v by_o the_o emperor_n leo_n by_o virtue_n of_o which_o that_o stale_a opinion_n of_o the_o community_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v utter_o cashier_v as_o not_o agree_v with_o equity_n that_o ancient_a one_o of_o the_o lawfulness_n of_o a_o possession_n and_o private_a dominion_n in_o the_o neighbour_a sea_n back_v with_o the_o authority_n of_o other_o eminent_a lawyer_n be_v entertain_v again_o moreover_o also_o it_o be_v so_o firm_o ratify_v by_o a_o imperial_a sanction_n that_o from_o that_o time_n forward_o it_o pass_v over_o all_o the_o aegean_a sea_n without_o control_n that_o law_n say_v that_o eastern_a 56._o emperor_n who_o reign_v about_o the_o nine_o hundred_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n which_o so_o take_v away_o the_o right_n of_o possession_n border_v on_o the_o sea_n as_o to_o make_v the_o lord_n thereof_o liable_a to_o a_o action_n of_o trespass_n if_o he_o prohibit_v other_o to_o fish_n upon_o those_o coast_n in_o our_o judgement_n 〈◊〉_d seem_v to_o determine_v that_o which_o be_v not_o equitable_a or_o just_a he_o add'_v the_o reason_n because_o whatsoëver_o come_v into_o the_o possession_n of_o any_o man_n by_o good_a and_o lawful_a title_n whether_o by_o succession_n art_n and_o industry_n or_o any_o other_o way_n which_o the_o law_n approve'_v there_o be_v no_o reason_n that_o other_o man_n shall_v have_v the_o use_n and_o benefit_n thereof_o without_o the_o owner_n leave_v thus_o the_o matter_n be_v due_o examine_v he_o judge_v that_o he_o who_o hold_v any_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o aforesaid_a manner_n have_v a_o title_n ground_v upon_o a_o very_a clear_a right_n therefore_o say_v he_o we_o decree_v that_o every_o man_n possess_v his_o vestibula_fw-la or_o sea_n lie_v before_o his_o land_n and_o be_v master_n of_o they_o by_o a_o unquestionable_a right_n and_o that_o he_o have_v power_n to_o keep_v off_o any_o person_n whatsoëver_o that_o go_v about_o to_o enjoy_v the_o benefit_n thereof_o without_o his_o permission_n and_o in_o that_o which_o follow_v we_o he_o make_v the_o propriety_n of_o sea_n and_o land_n altogether_o equal_a the_o sea_n which_o lie_v thus_o in_o the_o face_n of_o manor_n be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d sea-court_n or_o entry_n nor_o do_v this_o sanction_n of_o leo_n serve_v only_o for_o the_o ratification_n of_o former_a title_n found_v either_o upon_o particular_a possession_n or_o any_o other_o but_o ordain_v in_o general_a that_o every_o man_n for_o the_o future_a shall_v be_v lord_n of_o that_o neighbour_a part_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o lie_v before_o or_o flow_v by_o his_o land_n although_o he_o have_v never_o be_v possess_v thereof_o before_o in_o this_o very_a sens_fw-fr it_o be_v take_v by_o constantinus_n harmenopulus_n a_o judge_n of_o thessalonica_n 1._o touch_v sea-court_n or_o entry_n by_o sea_n say_v he_o it_o be_v decree_v in_o the_o thirty_o novel_a of_o the_o emperor_n leo_n that_o every_o one_o be_v master_n of_o that_o which_o be_v adjoin_v to_o his_o land_n and_o that_o power_n be_v give_v he_o to_o prohibit_v such_o as_o at_o any_o time_n go_v about_o to_o make_v any_o benefit_n of_o these_o vestibulas_fw-la or_o entry_n without_o his_o permission_n harmenopulus_n follow_v a_o different_a order_n of_o the_o novel_n call_v that_o the_o thirty_o which_o in_o the_o print_a copy_n be_v the_o fiftie-sixth_a but_o now_o how_o much_o of_o the_o sea_n direct_o forward_o do_v pass_v into_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o same_o person_n that_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o adjoin_a land_n either_o by_o ancient_a custom_n or_o by_o virtue_n of_o this_o decree_n be_v not_o yet_o certain_o know_v nor_o be_v it_o necessary_a to_o our_o purpose_n but_o for_o latitude_n even_o as_o it_o be_v in_o a_o field_n those_o vestibulas_fw-la or_o entry_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v bound_v by_o the_o same_o limit_n with_o the_o adjacent_a land_n and_o it_o be_v the_o custom_n for_o particular_a owner_n to_o have_v their_o epoche_n or_o pen_n for_o fish_n which_o the_o 95._o late_a greek_n call_v t_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v to_o say_v net_n spread_v between_o stake_n drive_v into_o the_o sea_n but_o limit_v upon_o this_o condition_n that_o every_o epoch_n shall_v be_v distant_a from_o the_o other_o citato_fw-la three_o hundred_o sixtie-five_a cubit_n if_o so_o be_v the_o breadth_n of_o land_n can_v convenient_o permit_v and_o such_o a_o equal_a distance_n be_v observe_v on_o both_o side_n that_o a_o direct_a line_n from_o each_o epoch_n to_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o vestibulum_fw-la or_o entry_n be_v extend_v one_o hundred_o eighty_o two_o ell_n and_o a_o half_a but_o this_o
write_v that_o leo_n make_v a_o change_n against_o reason_n of_o law_n and_o here_o especial_a care_n must_v be_v take_v to_o avoid_v that_o which_o some_o have_v presume_v to_o affirm_v touch_v those_o most_o excellent_a book_n of_o justinian_n which_o make_v up_o a_o entire_a body_n of_o the_o ancient_a law_n 3._o that_o the_o law_n prescribe_v in_o those_o book_n be_v not_o the_o law_n only_o of_o a_o city_n but_o even_o of_o nation_n and_o nature_n and_o that_o the_o whole_a be_v so_o fit_v unto_o nature_n that_o after_o the_o empire_n be_v extinct_a though_o the_o law_n be_v a_o long_a time_n bury_v yet_o it_o rise_v again_o and_o spread_v itself_o through_o all_o the_o world_n and_o therefore_o that_o it_o concern_v even_o prince_n although_o it_o be_v frame_v by_o justinian_n for_o private_a person_n as_o if_o the_o law_n natural_a and_o of_o nation_n be_v to_o be_v derive_v only_o out_o of_o those_o book_n for_o not_o to_o mention_v how_o that_o not_o only_o very_o many_o decree_n and_o custome_n introduce_v in_o the_o romane-germane_n empire_n itself_o and_o other_o place_n abroad_o have_v extreme_o alter_v many_o thing_n contain_v in_o those_o book_n but_o also_o that_o we_o find_v divers_a king_n both_o of_o ley_n spain_n and_o physica_n france_n have_v sometime_o heretofore_o prohibit_v the_o use_n of_o they_o in_o any_o kind_n within_o their_o court_n of_o justice_n there_o be_v true_o some_o thing_n in_o the_o very_a law_n of_o the_o nation_n of_o europe_n who_o receiv_v those_o book_n and_o that_o upon_o very_o good_a ground_n both_o into_o their_o school_n and_o court_n so_o far_o as_o the_o particular_a law_n of_o their_o kingdom_n will_v permit_v i_o mean_v in_o their_o law_n common_a or_o intervenient_a which_o be_v not_o ground_v at_o all_o upon_o the_o law_n of_o justinian_n but_o have_v have_v their_o original_n from_o custom_n quite_o contrary_a thereto_o prisoner_n of_o war_n be_v not_o now_o make_v slave_n nor_o be_v the_o law_n concern_v captivity_n or_o remitter_n upon_o return_n from_o captivity_n touch_v the_o 20._o person_n of_o man_n in_o any_o use_n at_o all_o which_o notwithstanding_o take_v up_o a_o title_n in_o the_o digest_v ship_n drive_v by_o wrack_n upon_o a_o shore_n do_v by_o the_o possessione_n law_n of_o justinian_n which_o be_v confirm_v also_o in_o the_o 118._o roman_n german_a empire_n belong_v either_o to_o the_o former_a owner_n or_o as_o thing_n relinquish_v and_o unpossessed_a to_o the_o first_o finder_n nor_o do_v the_o exchequer_n interpose_v any_o claim_n whereas_o nevertheless_o according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o divers_a nation_n intervenient_a to_o themselves_o and_o their_o neighbour_n it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o those_o ship_n be_v very_o often_o confiscate_v according_a to_o the_o variety_n of_o custom_n as_o among_o the_o english_a the_o 45._o britain_n 10._o sicilian_n some_o 393._o borderer_n upon_o the_o shore_n of_o italy_n and_o other_o and_o although_o it_o be_v account_v cruelty_n by_o some_o to_o pursue_v profit_n upon_o so_o sad_a a_o occasion_n as_o it_o be_v also_o by_o the_o 85._o emperor_n either_o constantine_n or_o antoninus_n who_o make_v a_o law_n thereupon_o yea_o and_o though_o beside_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o lateran_n council_n the_o bull_n raptoribus_fw-la coenae_fw-la domini_fw-la do_v blast_n those_o every_o year_n with_o excommunication_n that_o plunder_v the_o good_n of_o such_o as_o suffer_v shipwreck_n in_o 4._o any_o sea_n upon_o any_o pretence_n of_o law_n or_o custom_n whatsoêver_o yet_o the_o custom_n of_o confiscation_n in_o this_o case_n derive_v not_o its_o original_a from_o the_o rude_a and_o barbarous_a age_n but_o it_o flow_v first_o from_o the_o most_o ancient_a maritime_a law_n of_o the_o rhodian_o which_o be_v in_o use_n among_o the_o grecian_n in_o their_o flourish_a condition_n as_o shall_v be_v show_v by_o and_o by_o and_o from_o thence_o be_v receive_v by_o divers_a prince_n also_o when_o the_o emperor_n ambassador_n as_o bodin_n say_v make_v complaint_n before_o henry_n the_o second_o king_n of_o france_n that_o two_o ship_n be_v drive_v a_o shore_n be_v seize_v by_o one_o jordanes_n ursinus_n and_o demand_v a_o restitution_n of_o they_o annas_n of_o momorancie_n master_n of_o the_o horse_n make_v answer_n that_o all_o thing_n which_o have_v be_v cast_v upon_o shore_n do_v by_o the_o law_n of_o all_o nation_n belong_v to_o such_o prince_n as_o have_v command_v the_o sh_n so_o far_o have_v custom_n take_v place_n in_o this_o particular_a that_o andraeas_n doria_n do_v not_o so_o much_o as_o complain_v about_o those_o ship_n that_o be_v cast_v upon_o the_o french_a shore_n and_o make_v prize_n by_o the_o admiral_n of_o france_n so_o far_o he_o in_o like_a manner_n whale_n and_o other_o fish_n of_o extraordinary_a bigness_n do_v not_o according_a to_o the_o know_a law_n of_o england_n 48._o portugal_n and_o other_o nation_n belong_v to_o he_o that_o first_o seize_v they_o but_o either_o to_o the_o exchequer_n or_o which_o be_v all_o one_o to_o such_o as_o the_o prince_n shall_v grant_v a_o royalty_n of_o that_o nature_n other_o instance_n may_v be_v bring_v sufficient_o to_o show_v that_o the_o law_n natural_a and_o of_o nation_n be_v not_o whole_o to_o be_v draw_v out_o of_o such_o decree_n or_o determination_n as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o book_n of_o justinian_n and_o so_o that_o what_o be_v there_o insert_v touch_v a_o community_n of_o the_o sea_n do_v not_o in_o any_o wise_a diminish_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o receive_a custom_n of_o so_o many_o age_n and_o nation_n but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v say_v in_o those_o book_n to_o be_v common_a as_o the_o aâ—r_n and_o as_o wild_a beast_n be_v common_a as_o if_o indeed_o the_o neighbour_a aâ—r_n itself_o can_v not_o pass_v into_o private_a dominion_n as_o well_o as_o a_o river_n that_o be_v possels'â—_n and_o wild_a beast_n that_o be_v take_v moreover_o those_o ancient_n do_v ordinary_o conjoin_v a_o community_n of_o shore_n and_o port_n not_o unlike_a to_o that_o which_o they_o teach_v of_o the_o sea_n as_o if_o the_o very_a reason_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o port_n and_o shore_n as_o they_o belong_v either_o to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n or_o which_o be_v all_o one_o here_o to_o the_o prince_n himself_o be_v not_o manifest_o draw_v as_o we_o have_v express_o show_v already_o out_o of_o 14._o celsus_n from_o the_o impost_n and_o custom_n which_o be_v frequent_a enough_o both_o in_o the_o shore_n and_o obiter_fw-la port_n of_o the_o â—oman_n empire_n and_o in_o the_o book_n of_o c._n justinian_n as_o in_o many_o other_o place_n for_o as_o the_o 1._o payment_n of_o that_o tribute_n which_o be_v call_v solarium_fw-la à _fw-la solo_n and_o thence_o by_o the_o greek_a lawyer_n pignore_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o a_o house_n that_o be_v build_v upon_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o common-weal_n or_o the_o public_a ground_n be_v a_o sufficient_a argument_n that_o the_o common-weal_n or_o the_o prince_n be_v lord_n of_o the_o soil_n so_o indeed_o also_o the_o custom_n pay_v for_o the_o use_n of_o port_n manifest_v that_o there_o be_v the_o same_o kind_n of_o dominion_n over_o them_o also_o port_n themselves_o be_v right_o suppose_v to_o be_v a_o part_n even_o of_o the_o continent_n as_o appear_v in_o publicanis_fw-la another_o place_n moreover_o also_o justinian_n appropriate_v the_o hellespont_n to_o himself_o in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o he_o will_v not_o permit_v merchant_n and_o seaman_n to_o enjoy_v a_o freedom_n of_o that_o sea_n and_o the_o port_n but_o at_o a_o extraordinary_a rate_n if_o we_o may_v believ_n 110._o procopius_n who_o be_v his_o comtemporarie_a and_o write_v his_o affair_n nor_o do_v they_o imagine_v there_o be_v any_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o that_o over_o the_o land_n or_o people_n who_o about_o 400_o year_n since_o put_v this_o inscription_n upon_o the_o monument_n of_o the_o emperor_n 93._o frederick_n the_o second_o qui_fw-la mare_fw-la qui_fw-la terras_fw-la populos_fw-la &_o regna_fw-la subegit_fw-la who_o subdue_v the_o sea_n the_o land_n nation_n and_o kingdom_n to_o wit_n in_o the_o cathedral_n church_n of_o palermo_n in_o which_o place_n notwithstanding_o the_o imperial_a law_n flourish_v at_o that_o time_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o roman-german_a empire_n the_o sum_n of_o all_o be_v that_o those_o ancient_a lawyer_n do_v deliver_v many_o thing_n careless_o touch_v this_o matter_n not_o only_o such_o as_o thwart_v the_o most_o receive_a custom_n of_o nation_n through_o almost_o all_o age_n but_o such_o also_o as_o do_v sufficient_o contradict_v one_o another_o especial_o whilst_o they_o join_v the_o shore_n itself_o and_o consequent_o the_o port_n together_o as_o it_o be_v in_o a_o equal_a state_n of_o community_n so_o that_o they_o be_v equal_o
be_v by_o they_o deliver_v just_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v so_o discourse_n upon_o aristotle_n astronomy_n or_o the_o opinion_n of_o thales_n touch_v the_o earth_n float_v like_o a_o dish_n in_o the_o sea_n and_o that_o of_o the_o stoics_n of_o its_o encompass_v the_o earth_n like_o a_o girdle_n with_o that_o of_o the_o ancient_n concern_v a_o extreme_a heat_n under_o the_o equinoctial_a and_o other_o opinion_n of_o that_o kind_n which_o be_v reject_v and_o condemn_v by_o the_o observation_n and_o experience_n of_o posterity_n that_o he_o may_v seem_v not_o so_o much_o to_o search_v into_o the_o thing_n itself_o as_o to_o represent_v the_o person_n of_o the_o author_n thereby_o to_o trace_v out_o his_o meaning_n only_o for_o the_o discover_n of_o his_o opinion_n but_o as_o the_o root_n be_v cut_v the_o tree_n fall_v so_o the_o authority_n of_o those_o ancient_a lawyer_n be_v remove_v out_o of_o the_o way_n all_o the_o determination_n of_o the_o modern_a which_o be_v support_v by_o it_o must_v be_v extreme_o weaken_v now_o therefore_o as_o to_o what_o have_v be_v former_o allege_v out_o of_o fernandus_n vosquius_fw-la it_o be_v ground_v upon_o such_o argument_n as_o be_v either_o manifest_o fall_v or_o impertinent_a for_o what_o be_v this_o to_o the_o purpose_n that_o the_o sea_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o world_n to_o this_o present_a day_n be_v and_o ever_o have_v be_v in_o common_a without_o the_o least_o alteration_n as_o it_o be_v general_o know_v whereas_o the_o quite_o contrary_a be_v most_o certain_o know_v to_o those_o who_o have_v have_v any_o insight_n into_o the_o receive_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o age_n and_o nation_n that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o by_o most_o approve_a law_n and_o custom_n some_o sea_n have_v pass_v into_o the_o dominion_n and_o partrimonie_n both_o of_o prince_n and_o private_a person_n as_o be_v clear_o make_v manifest_a out_o of_o what_o have_v be_v already_o show_v you_o moreover_o also_o he_o 7._o will_v have_v prescription_n to_o cease_v betwixt_o foreigner_n in_o relation_n to_o each_o other_o and_o not_o to_o take_v place_n in_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n but_o in_o the_o civil_a only_o so_o that_o by_o his_o opinion_n prescription_n shall_v be_v of_o no_o force_n between_o those_o as_o between_o two_o supreme_a state_n or_o prince_n who_o be_v not_o indifferent_o subject_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n which_o admit_n prescription_n than_o which_o not_o any_o thing_n can_v be_v say_v or_o imagine_v more_o absurd_a almost_o all_o the_o principal_a point_n of_o the_o intervenient_a law_n of_o nation_n be_v establish_v by_o long_a consent_n of_o person_n use_v they_o do_v depend_v upon_o prescription_n or_o ancient_a custom_n to_o say_v nothing_o of_o those_o prince_n who_o territory_n be_v subject_a heretofore_o to_o the_o roman_a empire_n and_o who_o afterward_o become_v absolute_a within_o themselves_o not_o only_o by_o arm_n but_o also_o by_o prescription_n which_o be_v every_o where_o admit_v among_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n whence_o be_v it_o that_o prisoner_n of_o war_n be_v not_o now_o make_v slave_n among_o christian_n unless_o it_o be_v because_o that_o custom_n begin_v to_o grow_v out_o of_o date_n some_o age_n since_o upon_o a_o ground_n of_o 2d_o christian_a brotherhood_n and_o by_o prescription_n ratify_v betwixt_o nation_n whence_o be_v it_o that_o the_o ransom_n of_o prisoner_n be_v to_o be_v pay_v some_o to_o the_o prince_n and_o some_o to_o the_o person_n that_o take_v they_o as_o for_o instance_n when_o the_o ransom_n be_v not_o above_o ten_o thousand_o crown_n it_o go_v to_o he_o that_o take_v the_o prisoner_n when_o it_o exceed_v it_o be_v to_o be_v pay_v to_o the_o prince_n because_o say_v 4._o nicolaus_n boërius_n if_o it_o exceed_v as_o when_o any_o one_o have_v take_v a_o duke_n a_o count_n a_o baron_n or_o any_o other_o great_a man_n than_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o prince_n and_o so_o it_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n england_n and_o spain_n it_o have_v by_o prescription_n of_o time_n be_v observe_v among_o prince_n and_o so_o it_o become_v law_n and_o true_o to_o deny_v a_o title_n of_o prescription_n whole_o among_o prince_n be_v plain_o to_o abrogate_v the_o very_a intervenient_a law_n of_o nation_n as_o for_o those_o other_o thing_n mention_v by_o vasquius_fw-la concern_v charity_n and_o the_o inexhaustible_a abundance_n of_o the_o sea_n whereby_o he_o make_v a_o difference_n betwixt_o river_n and_o sea_n and_o other_o thing_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n they_o have_v no_o relation_n at_o all_o to_o the_o point_n of_o dominion_n as_o you_o have_v be_v sufficient_o tell_v already_o in_o the_o next_o place_n we_o come_v to_o the_o other_o to_o wit_n hugo_n grotius_n a_o man_n of_o great_a learning_n and_o extraordinary_a knowledge_n in_o thing_n both_o divine_a and_o humane_a who_o name_n be_v very_o frequent_a in_o the_o mouth_n of_o man_n every_o where_o to_o maintain_v a_o natural_a and_o perpetual_a community_n of_o the_o sea_n he_o have_v handle_v that_o point_n in_o two_o book_n in_o his_o mare_fw-la liberum_fw-la and_o in_o that_o excellent_a work_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la belli_n &_o pacis_fw-la as_o to_o what_o concern_v mare_fw-la liberum_fw-la a_o book_n that_o be_v write_v against_o the_o portugal_n about_o trade_v into_o the_o indies_n through_o the_o vast_a atlantic_a and_o southern_a ocean_n it_o conte_v indeed_o such_o thing_n as_o have_v be_v deliver_v by_o ancient_a lawyer_n touch_v community_n of_o the_o sea_n yea_o and_o dispute_v for_o the_o profit_n and_o interest_n of_o his_o country_n he_o draw_n they_o into_o his_o own_o party_n and_o so_o endeavor_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o capable_a of_o private_a dominion_n but_o he_o have_v so_o wary_o couch_v this_o subject_n with_o other_o thing_n that_o whether_o in_o this_o he_o do_v hit_v or_o miss_v the_o rest_n howsoëver_o may_v serve_v to_o assert_v the_o point_n which_o he_o be_v to_o handle_v moreover_o he_o discourse_v about_o the_o title_n of_o discovery_n and_o primarie_a occupation_n pretend_v to_o by_o the_o portugal_n and_o that_o also_o which_o be_v by_o donation_n from_o the_o pope_n and_o he_o seem_v in_o a_o manner_n either_o sometime_o to_o quit_v that_o natural_a and_o perpetual_a community_n which_o many_o civil_a lawyer_n be_v eager_a to_o maintain_v and_o he_o himself_o in_o order_n to_o his_o design_n endeavour_v to_o confirm_v or_o else_o to_o confess_v that_o it_o can_v hardly_o be_v defend_v for_o concern_v those_o sea_n that_o be_v enclose_v by_o the_o ancient_a roman_n the_o nature_n of_o the_o sea_n say_v 5._o he_o differ'_v from_o the_o shore_n in_o this_o that_o the_o sea_n unless_o it_o be_v in_o some_o small_a part_n of_o itself_o be_v not_o easy_o capable_a of_o building_n or_o enclosure_n and_o put_v case_n it_o be_v yet_o even_o this_o can_v hardly_o be_v without_o the_o hindrance_n of_o common_a use_n nevertheless_o if_o any_o small_a part_n of_o it_o may_v be_v thus_o possess_v it_o fall_v to_o he_o that_o enter_v upon_o it_o first_o by_o occupation_n now_o the_o difference_n of_o a_o lesser_a and_o a_o greaâ—er_a part_n can_v take_v place_n i_o suppose_v in_o the_o determine_n of_o private_a dominion_n but_o in_o express_a word_n he_o except'_v even_o a_o bay_n or_o creek_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o a_o little_a after_o say_v he_o we_o do_v not_o speak_v here_o of_o a_o iâ—land_n sea_n which_o in_o some_o place_n be_v straighten_v with_o land_n on_o every_o side_n exceed_v not_o the_o breadth_n even_o of_o a_o river_n yet_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o this_o be_v it_o the_o roman_a lawyer_n speak_v of_o when_o they_o set_v forth_o those_o notable_a determination_n against_o private_a avarice_n but_o the_o question_n be_v concern_v the_o ocean_n which_o antiquity_n call_v immense_a infinite_a the_o parent_n or_o original_a of_o thing_n confine_v with_o the_o aër_fw-la and_o afterward_o he_o say_v the_o controversy_n be_v not_o about_o a_o straight_a or_o creek_n in_o this_o ocean_n nor_o of_o so_o much_o as_o be_v within_o view_v when_o one_o stand_v upon_o the_o shore_n a_o little_a far_o also_o speak_v of_o prescription_n he_o say_v 7._o it_o be_v to_o be_v add_v that_o their_o authority_n who_o be_v of_o the_o contrary_a opinion_n can_v be_v apply_v to_o this_o question_n for_o they_o speak_v of_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n we_o of_o the_o ocean_n they_o of_o a_o creek_n or_o bay_n we_o of_o the_o broad_a and_o wide_a sea_n which_o differ_v very_o much_o in_o the_o point_n of_o occupation_n and_o certain_o there_o be_v no_o man_n but_o must_v conceiv_v it_o a_o very_a difficult_a thing_n to_o possess_v the_o whole_a ocean_n though_o if_o it_o can_v be_v hold_v by_o occupation_n like_o a_o narrow_a sea_n or_o a_o creek_n or_o as_o
all_o the_o ship_n together_o into_o one_o place_n from_o all_o part_n to_o maintain_v the_o aforesaid_a fight_n as_o caesar_n say_v express_o therefore_o if_o the_o british_a navy_n be_v call_v forth_o to_o their_o assistance_n as_o it_o be_v probable_a it_o be_v then_o questionless_a it_o be_v all_o lose_v before_o caesar_n arrival_n for_o the_o whole_a strength_n and_o force_n of_o the_o veneti_n perish_v in_o that_o sea_n fight_n moreover_o also_o peter_n ramus_n speak_v of_o that_o great_a tempest_n whereby_o caesar_n ship_n be_v scatter_v up_o and_o down_o in_o this_o sea_n with_o great_a hazard_n say_v the_o sea_n raise_v this_o tempest_n as_o it_o be_v revenge_v the_o british_a bound_n and_o disdain_v to_o bear_v a_o new_a and_o strange_a lord_n as_o if_o he_o have_v say_v that_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o british_a empire_n be_v in_o the_o very_a sea_n and_o the_o sea_n itself_o angry_a that_o it_o shall_v be_v transfer_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o any_o other_o lord_n but_o as_o to_o that_o which_o we_o find_v in_o a_o certain_a mihi_fw-la panegyrist_n touch_v the_o time_n of_o julius_n caesar_n that_o britain_n be_v not_o arm_v at_o that_o time_n with_o any_o ship_n fit_a for_o war_n by_o sea_n it_o be_v speak_v either_o in_o a_o rhetorical_a way_n only_o and_o high_o to_o magnify_v that_o victory_n of_o the_o emperor_n constantius_n chlorus_n whereby_o have_v slay_v c._n allectus_n who_o have_v invade_v britain_n he_o reduce_v the_o island_n together_o with_o the_o sea_n as_o be_v show_v hereafter_o or_o else_o it_o be_v to_o be_v take_v only_o of_o the_o very_a time_n of_o caesar_n arrival_n otherwise_o it_o be_v express_o contrary_a to_o those_o reason_n here_o allege_v and_o ground_v upon_o good_a autor_n and_o therefore_o not_o to_o be_v admit_v for_o truth_n but_o after_o that_o the_o island_n be_v reduce_v under_o the_o roman_a power_n doubtless_o the_o britain_n be_v prohibit_v from_o have_v any_o ship_n of_o war_n that_o they_o may_v be_v the_o better_o hold_v in_o obedience_n which_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o writer_n afterward_o make_v mention_n of_o such_o only_a as_o be_v make_v of_o twig_n that_o the_o britain_n be_v lord_n of_o the_o northern_a sea_n before_o they_o be_v subdue_v by_o the_o roman_n and_o that_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o land_n make_v one_o entire_a body_n of_o the_o british_a empire_n chap._n iii_o that_o the_o britain_n be_v lord_n also_o at_o that_o time_n of_o the_o northern_a or_o deucalidonian_a sea_n be_v a_o thing_n prove_v by_o sufficient_a testimony_n they_o call_v this_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n mario_n svi_fw-la secretum_fw-la the_o secret_a or_o closet_n of_o their_o sea_n tacitus_n relate_v the_o navigation_n of_o julius_n agricola_n into_o this_o part_n say_v the_o britain_n as_o it_o be_v understand_v by_o the_o prisoner_n be_v amaze_v at_o the_o sight_n of_o his_o navy_n as_o if_o upon_o thiâ—_n open_v the_o closet_n or_o secret_a part_n of_o their_o sea_n there_o remain_v no_o far_a refuge_n in_o case_n they_o be_v overcome_v and_o in_o that_o stout_a oration_n of_o galgacus_n the_o caledonian_n wherein_o he_o encourage_v his_o soldier_n to_o fight_v agricolae_fw-la now_o say_v he_o the_o bind_v of_o britain_n be_v lay_v open_a the_o secret_a part_n of_o their_o sea_n or_o their_o sea-territorie_n in_o the_o north_n they_o call_v their_o bind_v moreover_o say_v the_o same_o galgacus_n beyond_o we_o there_o be_v no_o land_n and_o not_o the_o least_o security_n at_o sea_n the_o roman_a navy_n be_v at_o hand_n give_v they_o to_o understand_v that_o the_o dominion_n hereof_o be_v to_o be_v defend_v as_o be_v the_o island_n as_o a_o thing_n acquire_v before_o add_v also_o that_o among_o the_o writer_n of_o that_o age_n vincula_fw-la dare_v oceano_fw-la and_o to_o subdue_v the_o britain_n signify_v one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n so_o that_o place_n of_o lucan_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v where_o he_o reckon's_o what_o pompous_a shewâ—_n and_o triumph_n may_v have_v usher_v caesar_n into_o rome_n have_v he_o return_v only_o with_o conquest_n over_o the_o gaul_n and_o the_o north_n 2._o ut_fw-la vincula_fw-la rheno_fw-la oceanóque_fw-la daret_fw-la celsos_fw-la ut_fw-la gallia_n currus_fw-la nobilis_fw-la &_o flavis_fw-la sequeretur_fw-la mista_fw-la britannis_fw-la what_o story_n have_v he_o bring_v how_o the_o vast_a main_n and_o rhine_n he_o by_o his_o conquest_n do_v restrain_v the_o noble_a gaul_n and_o yellow_a britain_n tread_n behind_o his_o lofty_a chariot_n be_v lead_v but_o for_o all_o that_o our_o sea_n be_v not_o as_o yet_o subdue_v by_o the_o roman_n julius_n caesar_n only_o show_v the_o island_n rather_o than_o deliver_v it_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o posterity_n neither_o be_v any_o part_n of_o it_o reduce_v under_o the_o roman_a power_n before_o the_o emperor_n claudius_n his_o time_n nor_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o sea_n transfer_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o any_o other_o and_o although_o in_o augustus_n his_o time_n drusus_n germanicus_n 1._o sail_v through_o that_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o lie_v betwixt_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o river_n rhine_n and_o denmark_n and_o subdue_v the_o friâ—slanders_n nevertheless_o not_o any_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v add_v by_o that_o victory_n to_o the_o roman_a empire_n for_o the_o britain_n hold_v it_o all_o in_o possession_n they_o be_v not_o yet_o full_o subdue_v nor_o be_v it_o unworthy_a observation_n here_o that_o c._n caligula_n be_v near_o britain_n and_o come_v out_o of_o germany_n to_o the_o coast_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o our_o sea_n as_o if_o say_v 21._o dio_n he_o intend_v to_o make_v war_n in_o britain_n and_o have_v draw_v up_o his_o army_n make_v ready_a all_o his_o sling_n and_o other_o warlike_a engine_n and_o give_v the_o signal_n or_o word_n for_o battle_n no_o man_n know_v or_o imagine_v what_o his_o intent_n be_v he_o on_o a_o sudden_a command_v they_o to_o fall_v a_o gather_n of_o cockle_n and_o fill_v their_o lap_n and_o helmet_n then_o say_v these_o spoil_n of_o the_o sea_n belong_v to_o the_o capitol_n and_o mount_n palatin_n he_o vaunt_v as_o if_o he_o have_v subdue_v the_o ocean_n itself_o at_o last_o for_o a_o token_n or_o trophy_n of_o this_o mock-victorie_n he_o rear_v a_o very_a lofty_a tower_n hard_o by_o out_o of_o which_o as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v another_o night_n pharos_n light_n be_v hang_v forth_o by_o night_n for_o the_o direction_n of_o sea_n man_n in_o their_o course_n the_o ruin_n whereof_o be_v not_o yet_o whole_o demolish_v but_o for_o the_o most_o part_n overwhelm_v with_o water_n near_o cattwiick_n and_o very_o seldom_o discover_v it_o be_v call_v by_o the_o hollander_n that_o dwell_v near_o it_o britenhuis_n and_o l'huis_fw-la te_fw-la briten_v that_o be_v the_o british_a house_n or_o the_o british_a tower_n certain_a it_o be_v out_o of_o suetonius_n that_o a_o tower_n be_v raise_v by_o caligula_n in_o that_o place_n yea_o and_o it_o be_v maintain_v by_o divers_a learned_a man_n as_o 16._o hadrianus_n junius_n the_o hollander_n 852._o william_n camden_n our_o countryman_n and_o 56._o richardus_fw-la vitus_n that_o these_o be_v the_o ruin_n of_o the_o same_o tower_n though_o other_o deny_v it_o as_o ortelius_n gotzius_fw-la and_o brittanni_n cluverius_n and_o they_o make_v a_o doubt_n both_o about_o the_o original_a of_o the_o name_n and_o also_o its_o signification_n concern_v which_o we_o dispute_v not_o but_o be_o extreme_o mistaken_a if_o caligula_n by_o this_o action_n of_o he_o do_v not_o so_o much_o neglect_v the_o conquest_n of_o britain_n itself_o which_o he_o hope_v or_o at_o least_o thought_n of_o as_o seem_v to_o sport_v himself_o with_o the_o conceit_n of_o have_v find_v out_o so_o compendious_a a_o way_n of_o victory_n he_o carry_v the_o matter_n as_o if_o he_o have_v have_v a_o intent_n to_o subdue_v britain_n and_o suppose_v those_o cockle_n which_o he_o call_v spoil_n of_o the_o sea_n to_o be_v token_n of_o sea-dominion_n and_o as_o a_o most_o sure_o pledge_v of_o the_o british_a empire_n moreover_o it_o be_v upon_o good_a ground_n to_o be_v conceive_v that_o there_o be_v one_o entire_a territory_n of_o the_o british_a empire_n make_v up_o of_o the_o land_n or_o continent_n of_o great_a britain_n with_o the_o isle_n lie_v about_o it_o and_o the_o sea_n flow_v between_o in_o their_o respective_a channel_n which_o may_v be_v collect_v both_o from_o that_o one_o single_a name_n of_o british_a comprehend_v a_o entire_a body_n of_o such_o a_o kind_n of_o territorie_n as_o be_v show_v you_o before_o and_o also_o from_o hence_o that_o the_o very_a sea_n itself_o be_v by_o albategnius_n and_o some_o other_o describe_v by_o the_o name_n of_o britain_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o island_n when_o as_o he_o place_v thule_n a_o isle_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o britain_n that_o be_v to_o
also_o his_o seaman_n to_o keep_v all_o relief_n of_o victual_n from_o go_v to_o the_o enemy_n by_o sea_n he_o use_v the_o word_n pirate_n in_o this_o place_n as_o other_o of_o that_o age_n have_v do_v not_o for_o robber_n as_o it_o be_v common_o take_v but_o for_o such_o as_o be_v skilled_a in_o sea-affair_n be_v appoint_v to_o set_v upon_o the_o enemie_n fleet_n and_o defend_v the_o dominion_n by_o sea_n touch_v the_o derivation_n of_o the_o word_n the_o old_a scholiast_n upon_o sophocles_n his_o aiax_n say_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v pira_fw-la in_o the_o attic_a tongue_n signifie'_v craft_n or_o art_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o they_o be_v call_v pirate_n which_o infest_v the_o sea_n but_o when_o the_o english-saxons_a and_o dane_n in_o the_o time_n of_o k._n alfred_n be_v ever_o and_o anon_o struggle_v for_o the_o sovereignty_n in_o england_n for_o gurmundus_fw-la or_o guthrunus_fw-la king_n of_o the_o dane_n be_v at_o that_o time_n settle_v in_o northumberland_n as_o a_o fiduciarie_n client_n or_o vassal_n to_o alfred_n and_o have_v very_o large_a territory_n in_o the_o east-part_n of_o england_n their_o fight_v be_v most_o by_o sea_n as_o if_o they_o have_v both_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o he_o which_o can_v get_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o british_a sea_n will_v by_o necessary_a consequence_n become_v lord_n also_o of_o the_o land_n or_o of_o that_o part_n of_o the_o isle_n which_o lie_v before_o it_o for_o this_o cause_n also_o it_o be_v that_o the_o dane_n grow_v strong_a at_o sea_n k._n alfred_n mighty_o augment_v his_o naval_a force_n by_o build_v ship_n twice_o as_o long_o as_o the_o danish_a ship_n deep_a nimble_a and_o less_o rock_v or_o roll_v and_o so_o much_o more_o convenient_a for_o sea-fights_a florentius_n the_o monk_n say_v in_o the_o same_o year_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n mcccxcvii_o the_o force_n of_o the_o pagan_n reside_v in_o east-england_n and_o northumberland_n use_v piracie_n upon_o the_o seacoast_n do_v grievous_o infest_v the_o west-saxon's_a country_n with_o very_o long_a and_o nimble_a ship_n which_o they_o have_v build_v divers_a year_n before_o against_o who_o ship_n be_v build_v by_o the_o command_n of_o k._n alfred_n twice_o as_o long_o deep_a nimble_a and_o less_o wave_a or_o roll_v by_o who_o force_n he_o may_v subdue_v the_o aforesaid_a ship_n of_o the_o enemy_n it_o be_v relate_v also_o in_o the_o same_o word_n by_o roger_n hoveden_n but_o henry_n of_o huntingdon_n speak_v express_o of_o the_o number_n of_o oar_n that_o serve_v for_o the_o row_v of_o these_o ship_n of_o alfred_n say_v king_n alfred_n cause_v long_a ship_n to_o be_v make_v ready_a to_o wit_n of_o 40_o oar_n or_o more_o against_o the_o danish_a ship_n but_o there_o be_v 897._o chronicle_n write_v in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n that_o speak_v of_o ship_n of_o 60_o oar_n and_o large_a build_v by_o he_o at_o that_o time_n out_o of_o which_o these_o writer_n abovementioned_a and_o other_o of_o the_o like_a sort_n have_v compile_v they_o the_o word_n of_o the_o chronicle_n be_v these_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v to_o say_v king_n alfred_n give_v command_v for_o the_o build_n of_o long_a ship_n to_o encounter_v the_o danish_a but_o they_o be_v twice_o as_o long_o as_o these_o whereof_o some_o have_v sixty_o oar_n some_o more_o they_o be_v also_o more_o nimble_a less_o roll_a and_o deep_a than_o the_o other_o not_o build_v after_o the_o frisian_a or_o danish_a manner_n but_o such_o as_o he_o conceive_v most_o convenient_a for_o fight_v so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o the_o business_n of_o ship_v be_v mighty_o advance_v in_o his_o reign_n among_o the_o english-saxons_a in_o order_n to_o the_o defence_n and_o maintenance_n of_o their_o dominion_n by_o sea_n and_o we_o very_o often_o find_v that_o those_o sea_n fight_v manage_v by_o alfred_n and_o his_o son_n edward_n with_o various_a success_n against_o the_o dane_n and_o norman_n be_v undertake_v not_o without_o great_a number_n of_o ship_n but_o in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n athelstan_n who_o be_v very_o strong_a at_o sea_n upon_o the_o irish_a nation_n say_v 5._o huntingdon_n and_o those_o that_o dwell_v in_o ship_n there_o fall_v a_o fatal_a destruction_n the_o english-saxon_a word_n in_o the_o ancient_a chronicle_n from_o whence_o huntingdon_n translate_v those_o and_o which_o agree_v with_o the_o these_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o full_o signify_v the_o same_o thing_n for_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o the_o scotish_n nation_n and_o scot_n be_v by_o the_o ancient_n often_o take_v for_o the_o irish._n he_o also_o say_v the_o same_o author_n lead_v a_o huge_a army_n by_o land_n and_o sea_n into_o northumberland_n and_o scotland_n and_o in_o regard_n there_o be_v none_o appear_v to_o make_v any_o opposition_n be_v march_v up_o and_o down_o the_o country_n and_o waste_v it_o at_o pleasure_n return_v with_o triumph_n whereupon_o say_v a_o 6._o poet_n of_o that_o time_n jam_fw-la cubat_fw-la in_o terris_fw-la fera_fw-fr barbary_n aquilonis_fw-la jam_fw-la iaceo_fw-la in_o campo_fw-it pelago_fw-la pirata_fw-la relicto_fw-la illicitas_fw-la toruásque_fw-la minas_fw-la analavus_n anhelans_fw-la now_o be_v the_o wild_a and_o barbarous_a north_n bring_v down_o now_o analave_n the_o pirate_n be_v overthrow_v who_o have_v leave_v the_o sea_n on_o land_n do_v lie_v and_o spiteful_a threat_n breath_n out_n against_o the_o sky_n this_o analavus_n be_v king_n of_o the_o 938._o irish_a and_o of_o many_o island_n who_o invade_v the_o coast_n of_o athelstan_n with_o a_o fleet_n of_o dcxv_o ship_n at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n humber_n receive_v a_o great_a overthrow_n and_o be_v put_v to_o a_o most_o shameful_a flight_n but_o king_n edgar_n as_o say_v 937._o florentius_n of_o worcester_n sail_v about_o the_o north_n of_o britain_n with_o a_o great_a navy_n arrive_v at_o chester_n where_o his_o eight_o petty_a king_n meet_v he_o as_o he_o have_v give_v order_n who_o swear_v fealty_n to_o he_o and_o that_o they_o will_v assist_v he_o both_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n or_o as_o 5._o huntingdon_n say_v of_o the_o same_o thing_n they_o all_o do_v homage_n to_o he_o declare_v themselves_o ready_a at_o his_o command_n to_o serve_v he_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n among_o these_o petty_a king_n there_o be_v one_o maccusius_fw-la who_o hoveden_n and_o florentius_n call_v a_o king_n of_o very_a many_o island_n and_o florilegus_n a_o king_n of_o man_n and_o very_o many_o island_n william_n of_o malmsburie_n call_v he_o a_o arch_a pirate_n moreover_o the_o same_o king_n edgar_n as_o if_o he_o intend_v to_o set_v forth_o the_o splendour_n magnificence_n and_o as_o it_o be_v a_o epitome_n of_o his_o whole_a empire_n in_o sea-affair_n and_o ship_n do_v as_o say_v florentius_n and_o hoveden_n during_o his_o abode_n at_o chester_n enter_v into_o a_o boat_n wherein_o he_o be_v row_v by_o those_o petty_a king_n himself_z holding_z the_o stern_a and_o steer_v it_o about_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi and_o be_v attend_v by_o all_o his_o duke_n and_o peer_n in_o such_o another_o vessel_n be_v sail_v from_o the_o palace_n to_o the_o monastery_n of_o s._n john_n baptist_n where_o a_o oration_n be_v make_v to_o he_o he_o return_v in_o the_o same_o pomp_n unto_o the_o palace_n in_o the_o very_a entry_n whereof_o he_o be_v report_v to_o have_v say_v to_o his_o lord_n that_o then_o his_o successor_n may_v boast_v themselves_o king_n of_o england_n when_o they_o shall_v be_v thus_o attend_v by_o so_o many_o king_n and_o enjoy_v the_o state_n and_o glory_n of_o such_o honour_n or_o as_o malmsburie_n write_v of_o the_o same_o thing_n when_o they_o shall_v enjoy_v so_o great_a a_o prerogative_n of_o honour_n so_o many_o king_n as_o vassal_n to_o be_v ready_a always_o to_o assist_v with_o their_o force_n whensoëver_o they_o shall_v be_v require_v both_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n there_o be_v also_o a_o notable_a testimony_n in_o the_o same_o florentius_n and_o the_o monk_n of_o malmsburie_n how_o that_o this_o king_n sail_v round_o about_o his_o sea_n every_o year_n and_o secure_v it_o with_o a_o constant_a guard_n and_o forces_n every_o summer_n say_v malmsburie_n immediate_o after_o easter_n be_v command_v his_o ship_n upon_o every_o shore_n to_o be_v bring_v into_o a_o body_n sail_v usual_o with_o the_o eastern_a fleet_n to_o the_o west_n part_n of_o the_o island_n and_o then_o send_v it_o back_o he_o sail_v with_o the_o western_a fleet_n unto_o the_o northern_a and_o thence_o with_o the_o northern_a he_o return_v to_o the_o eastern_a be_v indeed_o very_o diligent_a to_o prevent_v the_o incursion_n of_o pirate_n that_o be_v behave_v himself_o in_o this_o manful_o as_o say_v florentius_n also_o and_o hoveden_n for_o the_o
much_o of_o it_o as_o concern_v this_o title_n the_o word_n be_v these_o 619._o altitonantis_fw-la dei_fw-la largifluâ_fw-la clementia_fw-la qui_fw-la est_fw-la rex_fw-la regum_fw-la ego_fw-la edgarus_n anglorum_fw-la basileus_n omniúmque_fw-la regum_fw-la insularum_fw-la oceanique_fw-la britanniani_n circumjacentis_fw-la so_o john_n dee_fw-mi a_o man_n very_o well_o see_v in_o most_o part_n of_o learning_n do_v read_v it_o a_o good_a while_n since_o save_v only_o that_o in_o stead_n of_o britannian_a he_o have_v britanniani_n while_o 163._o other_o read_v insularum_fw-la oceani_fw-la quae_fw-la britanniam_fw-la circumjacent_a cunctarúmque_fw-la nationum_fw-la quae_fw-la infra_fw-la eam_fw-la includuntur_fw-la imperator_fw-la &_o dominus_fw-la gratias_fw-la ago_o ipsi_fw-la deo_fw-la omnipotenti_fw-la regimeo_fw-la qui_fw-la meum_fw-la imperium_fw-la sic_fw-la ampliavit_fw-la &_o exaltavit_fw-la super_fw-la regnum_fw-la patrum_fw-la mâ—orum_fw-la qui_fw-la licèt_fw-la monarchiam_fw-la totius_fw-la angliae_fw-la adepti_fw-la sint_fw-la à _fw-la tempore_fw-la athelstani_fw-la qui_fw-la primus_fw-la regnum_fw-la anglorum_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la nationes_fw-la quae_fw-la britanniam_fw-la incolunt_fw-la sibi_fw-la armis_fw-la subegit_fw-la nullus_fw-la tamen_fw-la illâ—rum_fw-la ultra_fw-la ejus_fw-la fine_n imperium_fw-la suum_fw-la dilatare_fw-la aggressus_fw-la est_fw-la mihi_fw-la autem_fw-la concessit_fw-la propitia_fw-la divinitas_fw-la cum_fw-la anglorum_fw-la imperio_fw-la omne_fw-la regna_fw-la insularum_fw-la oceani_fw-la cum_fw-la suis_fw-la ferocissimis_fw-la regibus_fw-la usque_fw-la norwegiam_fw-la maximámque_fw-la partem_fw-la hiberniae_fw-la cum_fw-la suâ_fw-la nobilissimâ_fw-la civitate_fw-la dublinia_n anglorum_fw-la regno_fw-la subjugare_fw-la quos_fw-la etiam_fw-la omnes_fw-la meis_fw-la imperiis_fw-la colla_fw-la subdere_fw-la dei_fw-la favente_fw-la gratiâ_fw-la coëgi_fw-la by_o the_o abundant_a goodness_n of_o almighty_a god_n who_o be_v the_o king_n of_o king_n i_o edgar_z king_n of_o england_n and_o of_o all_o the_o king_n of_o the_o island_n and_o of_o the_o ocean_n lie_v round_o about_o britain_n and_o of_o all_o the_o nation_n that_o be_v include_v within_o the_o circuit_n thereof_o supreme_a lord_n and_o governor_n do_v render_v thanks_o to_o the_o same_o almighty_a god_n my_o king_n who_o have_v enlarge_v my_o empire_n thus_o and_o exalt_v it_o above_o the_o royal_a estate_n of_o my_o progenitor_n who_o although_o they_o arrive_v to_o the_o monarchy_n of_o all_o england_n ever_o since_o the_o time_n of_o athelstane_n who_o be_v the_o first_o that_o by_o force_n of_o arm_n subdue_v the_o english_a and_o all_o the_o nation_n that_o inhabit_v britain_n yet_o none_o of_o they_o ever_o attempt_v to_o promote_v their_o empire_n beyond_o the_o bound_n thereof_o but_o the_o divine_a goodness_n have_v favour_a i_o so_o far_o as_o beside_o the_o english_a empire_n to_o enable_v i_o to_o subdue_v all_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o land_n in_o the_o ocean_n with_o their_o most_o stout_a and_o mighty_a king_n even_o as_o far_o as_o norway_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o irland_n together_o with_o their_o most_o famous_a city_n of_o dublin_n all_o which_o by_o god_n grace_n and_o assistance_n i_o have_v subdue_v and_o make_v their_o neck_n to_o stoop_v under_o the_o yoke_n of_o my_o command_n whereas_o he_o say_v that_o none_o of_o his_o progenitor_n have_v attempt_v to_o enlarge_v their_o empire_n beyond_o the_o bound_n of_o britain_n it_o must_v be_v so_o understand_v that_o it_o be_v take_v for_o the_o northern_a and_o western_a bound_n of_o the_o british_a empire_n as_o sufficient_o appear_v by_o the_o mention_n of_o irland_n and_o norway_n so_o that_o then_o more_o island_n than_o the_o name_n of_o britain_n do_v comprehend_v or_o than_o the_o isle_n of_o that_o sea_n together_o with_o the_o sea_n itself_o be_v bring_v under_o his_o dominion_n but_o king_n canutus_n or_o cnute_n have_v leave_v a_o testimony_n also_o whereby_o he_o most_o express_o assert_v the_o sea_n to_o be_v a_o part_n of_o his_o dominion_n he_o place_v himself_o on_o a_o seat_n by_o the_o sea_n side_n as_o it_o flow_v upon_o southampton_n shore_n have_v a_o mind_n to_o demonstrate_v to_o his_o flatterer_n that_o king_n themselves_o be_v but_o man_n be_v report_v to_o have_v make_v trial_n of_o the_o obedience_n of_o the_o sea_n it_o be_v flood_n after_o this_o manner_n thou_o o_o sea_n be_v under_o my_o dominion_n as_o the_o land_n also_o upon_o which_o i_o sit_v be_v i_o and_o there_o never_o be_v any_o that_o disobey_v my_o command_n without_o punishment_n therefore_o i_o command_v thou_o not_o to_o ascend_v up_o upon_o my_o land_n nor_o do_v thou_o presume_v to_o wet_v the_o foot_n or_o garment_n of_o thy_o sovereign_n but_o the_o tide_n say_v huntingdon_n and_o florilegus_n who_o relate_v this_o story_n swell_v as_o at_o other_o time_n do_v very_o unmannerly_a wet_v not_o only_o the_o foot_n but_o leg_n of_o his_o majesty_n whereupon_o the_o king_n leap_v up_o proclaim_v with_o his_o own_o mouth_n none_o to_o be_v worthy_a the_o name_n of_o king_n but_o he_o alone_o who_o command_n be_v both_o the_o sea_n and_o land_n and_o they_o obey_v and_o from_o that_o time_n he_o refuse_v to_o wear_v his_o crown_n of_o gold_n consecrate_v it_o to_o a_o crucifix_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n he_o here_o open_o profess_v himself_o to_o be_v the_o sovereign_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o well_o as_o of_o the_o land_n hereunto_o may_v be_v add_v some_o testimony_n of_o other_o writer_n which_o although_o they_o be_v of_o a_o late_a date_n than_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o english-saxons_a yet_o they_o be_v transmit_v to_o posterity_n by_o the_o hand_n of_o such_o as_o be_v perfect_o acquaint_v with_o the_o english_a history_n and_o by_o the_o tradition_n of_o their_o ancestor_n well_o infoun_v of_o the_o most_o authentic_a opinion_n and_o resolu_n concern_v the_o english_a dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n geofâ—rie_o chaucer_n who_o be_v not_o only_o the_o most_o famous_a poêt_fw-fr of_o his_o time_n but_o as_o learning_n go_v in_o those_o day_n a_o very_a well_o accomplish_v scholar_n in_o one_o of_o his_o canterbury_n tale_n bring_v we_o in_o his_o man_n of_o law_n tell_v a_o story_n which_o he_o will_v have_v relate_v to_o the_o time_n of_o alla_n king_n of_o northumberland_n who_o reign_v thirty_o year_n and_o his_o reign_n begin_v in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n dlix_o in_o this_o tale_n there_o be_v bring_v in_o a_o lady_n call_v constantia_n the_o daughter_n of_o i_o know_v not_o what_o roman_a emperor_n marry_v to_o the_o king_n of_o syria_n drive_v she_o be_v by_o weather_n to_o a_o place_n which_o lie_v under_o the_o command_n of_o a_o fortress_n upon_o the_o shore_n of_o northumberland_n and_o there_o the_o ship_n run_v aground_o she_o be_v a_o christian_a banish_v for_o her_o religion_n and_o there_o take_v prisoner_n by_o the_o commander_n of_o that_o fortress_n in_o this_o relation_n of_o the_o sad_a adventure_n of_o constantia_n he_o say_v what_o indeed_o be_v true_a that_o christian_a religion_n be_v not_o receive_v into_o any_o part_n of_o that_o territory_n but_o that_o pagan_n have_v overrun_v and_o do_v hold_v those_o northern_a country_n under_o their_o dominion_n as_o well_o by_o sea_n as_o land_n his_o word_n to_o this_o purpose_n be_v these_o in_o all_o that_o land_n dursten_a non_fw-it christian_a rout_n all_o christian_a folk_n be_v flee_v from_o the_o country_n through_o paynim_n that_o conquer_v all_o about_o the_o plague_n of_o northumberland_n by_o land_n &_o see_n he_o say_v discreet_o that_o the_o neighbour_a sea_n fall_v to_o the_o conqueror_n of_o this_o isle_n as_o well_o as_o the_o land_n know_v what_o be_v the_o resolution_n and_o general_o receive_v opinion_n of_o his_o ancestor_n concern_v that_o matter_n he_o live_v two_o hundred_o and_o thirty_o year_n ago_o in_o the_o time_n of_o richard_n the_o second_o nor_o be_v it_o any_o prejudice_n to_o this_o authority_n that_o the_o other_o thing_n there_o relate_v be_v fabulous_a for_o we_o know_v that_o out_o of_o the_o fable_n of_o heliodorus_n achilles_n tatius_n theodorus_n prodromus_n eustathius_n and_o such_o other_o whether_o of_o a_o amorous_a or_o any_o other_o strain_n sometime_o many_o useful_a observation_n may_v be_v gather_v concern_v the_o custom_n manner_n and_o receive_v opinion_n as_o well_o of_o the_o man_n among_o who_o they_o be_v feign_v to_o be_v act_v as_o of_o the_o time_n to_o which_o they_o be_v relate_v john_n harding_n also_o who_o in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o four_o write_v a_o history_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o england_n in_o vers_fw-la when_o he_o reckon_v up_o those_o prince_n that_o swear_v fealty_n to_o king_n canutus_n for_o the_o land_n which_o they_o hold_v of_o he_o 117._o he_o add_v so_o do_v the_o king_n of_o wales_n of_o high_a parage_n and_o all_o the_o northwest_n ocean_n for_o their_o kingdom_n and_o for_o their_o land_n then_o that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o same_o be_v do_v at_o that_o time_n by_o the_o great_a king_n of_o wales_n and_o of_o all_o the_o north-western_a
of_o etc._n excester_n and_o in_o those_o day_n it_o be_v usual_a to_o procure_v king_n letter_n common_o call_v in_o the_o language_n of_o the_o law_n protection_n whereby_o privilege_n and_o exemption_n from_o all_o suit_n be_v grant_v to_o those_o that_o be_v employ_v in_o this_o kind_n of_o guard_n or_o defence_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o that_o spend_v their_o time_n super_fw-la saluâ_fw-la custodiâ_fw-la &_o defension_n maris_n 1._o for_o the_o safeguard_n and_o defence_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o the_o form_n of_o the_o word_n have_v it_o which_o we_o frequent_o find_v in_o the_o archive_v moreover_o in_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n of_o the_o same_o king_n reign_n mention_n be_v make_v of_o the_o safeguard_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o de_fw-fr la_fw-fr saufegard_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mire_n as_o of_o a_o thing_n common_o know_v and_o for_o which_o it_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o english_a to_o make_v as_o diligent_a provision_n as_o for_o the_o government_n of_o any_o province_n or_o country_n and_o in_o the_o 29._o twenty_o year_n of_o the_o same_o king_n the_o commons_o prefer_v a_o bill_n that_o a_o strong_a and_o well_o accomplish_a navy_n may_v be_v provide_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o sea_n because_o it_o be_v think_v fit_n be_v all_o the_o commons_n of_o this_o land_n that_o it_o be_v necessary_a the_o see_v be_v keep_v very_o many_o other_o passage_n there_o be_v to_o the_o same_o purpose_n geoffrie_n chaucer_n who_o live_v in_o the_o time_n of_o richard_n the_o second_o and_o be_v a_o man_n very_o know_v in_o the_o affair_n of_o his_o country_n among_o other_o most_o elegant_a and_o lively_a character_n of_o several_a sort_n of_o man_n write_v in_o the_o english_a tongue_n describe_n the_o humour_n of_o a_o english_a merchant_n of_o that_o time_n how_o that_o his_o desire_n above_o all_o thing_n be_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v well_o guard_v never_o leave_v destitute_a of_o such_o protection_n as_o may_v keep_v it_o safe_a and_o quiet_a which_o he_o speak_v to_o set_v out_o the_o whole_a generation_n of_o merchant_n in_o that_o age_n who_o custom_n it_o be_v to_o be_v solicitous_a for_o traffic_v above_o all_o thing_n and_o consequent_o about_o the_o sea_n itself_o which_o will_v not_o afford_v they_o safe_a voyage_n do_v not_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o sovereign_n thereof_o according_a to_o their_o right_n and_o custom_n provide_v for_o the_o security_n of_o this_o as_o a_o province_n under_o their_o protection_n the_o word_n of_o chaucer_n be_v these_o his_o reason_n speak_v he_o full_a solemn_o show_v always_o the_o encrea_n of_o his_o win_n he_o will_v the_o see_v be_v keep_v for_o any_o thing_n betwixe_v middleborough_n and_o orewel_n orewel_o be_v a_o haven_n upon_o the_o coast_n in_o suffolk_n middleborough_n be_v in_o zealand_n the_o whole_a sea_n that_o flow_v between_o britain_n and_o zealand_n the_o english_a merchant_n will_v have_v secure_v this_o they_o be_v wont_v solemn_o and_o unanimous_o to_o pray_v for_o know_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o protection_n of_o they_o part_n of_o the_o duty_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n for_o as_o concern_v any_o protection_n herein_o by_o any_o foreign_a prince_n any_o far_a than_o in_o their_o own_o harbour_n or_o at_o the_o most_o within_o the_o wind_a creek_n between_o those_o island_n which_o they_o possess_v upon_o the_o coast_n of_o germany_n or_o gallia_n belgica_n there_o be_v nothing_o as_o far_o as_o we_o can_v find_v to_o be_v gather_v from_o any_o testimony_n of_o former_a age_n in_o the_o succeed_a age_n likewise_o there_o be_v frequent_a mention_n of_o this_o kind_n of_o guard_n defence_n and_o government_n of_o the_o same_o sea_n as_o will_v hereafter_o more_o full_o appear_v when_o we_o come_v to_o speak_v of_o tribute_n and_o of_o the_o tenor_n and_o variety_n of_o the_o commission_n give_v to_o our_o admiral_n but_o now_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o both_o the_o name_n and_o nature_n of_o this_o guard_n be_v very_o well_o know_v not_o only_o by_o the_o use_n of_o the_o word_n both_o in_o the_o 8._o imperial_a and_o canon_n feclesiae_fw-la law_n wherein_o it_o denote_v that_o the_o guardian_n ought_v to_o take_v a_o diligent_a care_n of_o that_o thing_n whereof_o he_o be_v owner_n who_o do_v either_o lend_v it_o or_o commit_v it_o to_o his_o oversight_n but_o also_o by_o the_o common_a and_o obvious_a use_n which_o the_o english_a make_v of_o the_o same_o word_n in_o other_o office_n or_o government_n for_o in_o those_o day_n of_o old_a when_o the_o title_n of_o guardian_n or_o warden_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v more_o usual_a there_o be_v appoint_v warden_n of_o the_o port_n even_o as_o at_o this_o day_n there_o be_v warden_n of_o the_o county_n who_o be_v those_o commander_n of_o county_n call_v sheriff_n and_o in_o the_o usual_a form_n and_o tenor_n of_o their_o writ_n have_v custodiam_fw-la comitatû_v the_o guard_n or_o defence_n of_o the_o county_n commit_v to_o their_o charge_n warden_n or_o keeper_n of_o the_o march_n or_o border_n keeper_n of_o tower_n or_o castle_n park_n house_n and_o the_o like_a yea_o and_o the_o lord_n lieutenant_n of_o ireland_n be_v especial_o in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n joannis_n john_n and_o etc._n henry_n the_o three_o style_v usual_o warden_n or_o keeper_n of_o ireland_n and_o his_o office_n or_o dignity_n common_o call_v the_o keepership_n of_o ireland_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o john_n duke_n of_o bedford_n and_z humphrey_z duke_n of_o gloucester_n who_o henry_n the_o five_o during_o the_o time_n of_o his_o absence_n in_o france_n depute_v to_o govern_v the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n by_o turn_n be_v call_v custodes_fw-la angliae_fw-la keeper_n of_o england_n as_o we_o very_o often_o find_v both_o in_o etc._n history_n and_o etc._n record_n so_o arthur_n prince_n of_o wales_n be_v make_v 1._o keeper_n of_o england_n while_o henry_n the_o seven_o be_v beyond_o the_o sea_n so_o piers_n gaveston_n be_v keeper_n of_o england_n while_o edward_n the_o second_o remain_v in_o france_n so_o be_v other_o also_o in_o like_a manner_n the_o governor_n also_o of_o the_o island_n of_o jarsey_n and_o garnesey_n and_o the_o rest_n that_o be_v situate_v in_o this_o sea_n who_o now_o be_v style_v governor_n keeper_n or_o captain_n be_v in_o etc._n ancient_a time_n call_v only_o by_o the_o name_n of_o guardian_n or_o keeper_n this_o then_o be_v so_o what_o reason_n have_v we_o to_o think_v that_o our_o ancestor_n do_v not_o use_v the_o same_o notion_n of_o guardian_n or_o keeper_n and_o of_o guard_v or_o keep_v in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o guardian_n and_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o they_o be_v wont_a to_o use_v in_o the_o guard_n and_o keep_n of_o the_o island_n and_o in_o the_o other_o dignity_n or_o office_n before_o mention_v doubtless_o in_o all_o these_o the_o peculiar_a dominion_n and_o sovereignty_n of_o he_o that_o confer_v the_o dignity_n be_v so_o clear_o signify_v and_o include_v that_o his_o dominion_n or_o ownership_n of_o the_o thing_n to_o be_v keep_v and_o guard_v as_o well_o as_o authority_n over_o the_o person_n dignify_v be_v plain_o imply_v in_o this_o title_n nor_o be_v it_o to_o be_v omit_v that_o in_o ancient_a time_n before_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o high_a admiral_n of_o england_n be_v sufficient_o establish_v by_o our_o king_n and_o settle_v so_o distinct_a that_o the_o command_n and_o government_n of_o the_o sea_n do_v belong_v only_o to_o they_o the_o governor_n or_o keeper_n of_o the_o province_n who_o we_o call_v sheriff_n of_o the_o county_n by_o virtue_n of_o their_o office_n have_v also_o some_o custody_n or_o command_n of_o part_n of_o that_o sea_n which_o adjoin_v to_o their_o respective_a province_n as_o of_o a_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n which_o true_o to_o let_v pass_v other_o proof_n be_v sufficient_o evident_a by_o this_o that_o many_o time_n in_o those_o day_n they_o who_o by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o land_n be_v wont_a as_o at_o this_o day_n to_o put_v in_o execution_n the_o command_v of_o the_o king_n in_o those_o place_n only_o that_o be_v commit_v several_o to_o their_o charge_n and_o custody_n do_v do_v the_o same_o also_o in_o the_o sea_n itself_o as_o well_o as_o in_o any_o land-province_n belong_v to_o he_o from_o who_o they_o receive_v their_o authority_n for_o by_o virtue_n of_o their_o ordinary_a power_n derive_v from_o the_o king_n and_o such_o as_o be_v found_v upon_o the_o very_a same_o right_n by_o which_o they_o hold_v the_o government_n of_o the_o county_n or_o province_n they_o do_v oftentimes_o remove_v the_o king_n ship_n and_o fleet_n from_o one_o port_n to_o another_o by_o sea_n as_o through_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o province_n that_o be_v commit_v to_o their_o
to_o the_o royal_a patrimony_n of_o england_n to_o the_o end_n that_o no_o man_n may_v question_v whether_o the_o sea_n belong_v to_o his_o king_n by_o the_o right_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n or_o of_o the_o duchy_n of_o normandy_n or_o of_o any_o other_o province_n in_o france_n another_o also_o who_o write_v in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o eight_o say_v it_o have_v be_v receive_v by_o ancient_a custom_n that_o it_o be_v a_o duty_n lie_v upon_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o lord_z of_o the_o british_a sea_n to_o scour_v the_o sea_n of_o pirate_n and_o to_o render_v the_o use_n thereof_o as_o of_o a_o public_a road_n or_o thoroughfare_a who_o soil_n be_v within_o his_o patrimony_n safe_a for_o ship_n for_o he_o express_v himself_o in_o english_a thus_o 51._o the_o king_n of_o the_o old_a custom_n of_o the_o realm_n as_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o narrow_a sea_n be_v bind_v as_o it_o be_v say_v to_o scour_v the_o sea_n of_o the_o pirate_n and_o petit_fw-la robber_n of_o the_o sea_n so_o much_o also_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v dominion_n be_v without_o controversy_n admit_v by_o our_o 260._o lawyer_n of_o late_a time_n and_o it_o appear_v by_o public_a record_n contain_v divers_a main_a point_n touch_v which_o the_o judge_n be_v to_o be_v consult_v for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o common-weal_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o that_o the_o king_n sea-dominion_n which_o they_o call_v the_o ancient_a superiority_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v a_o matter_n out_o of_o question_n among_o our_o lawyer_n of_o that_o age._n but_o consultation_n be_v have_v for_o the_o more_o convenient_a guard_n of_o it_o for_o the_o whole_a bench_n of_o judge_n be_v advise_v with_o to_o the_o end_n so_o we_o read_v it_o in_o the_o condinensi_fw-la record_n and_o that_o be_v especial_o to_o be_v observe_v which_o we_o find_v here_o about_o the_o first_o beginning_n of_o the_o naval_a law_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o oleron_n seat_v in_o the_o creek_n of_o aquitain_n at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n charente_n that_o the_o form_n of_o proceed_v heretofore_o ordain_v and_o begin_v by_o edward_n the_o first_o grandfather_n of_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n at_o the_o prosecution_n of_o his_o subject_n may_v be_v resume_v and_o continue_v for_o the_o retain_v and_o conserve_n of_o the_o ancient_a superiority_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o england_n and_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o office_n of_o admiralty_n in_o the_o same_o as_o to_o the_o correct_v expound_v declare_v and_o conserve_n the_o law_n and_o statute_n long_o since_o make_v by_o his_o predecessor_n king_n of_o england_n for_o the_o maintain_n of_o peace_n and_o justice_n among_o all_o people_n of_o what_o nation_n soëver_o pass_v through_o the_o sea_n of_o england_n and_o to_o take_v cognisance_n of_o all_o attempt_n to_o the_o contrary_a in_o the_o same_o and_o to_o punish_v offender_n and_o award_n satisfaction_n to_o such_o as_o suffer_v wrong_a and_o damage_n which_o law_n and_o statute_n be_v by_o the_o lord_n richard_n heretofore_o king_n of_o england_n at_o his_o return_n from_o the_o holy_a land_n interpret_v declare_v and_o publish_v in_o the_o isle_n of_o oleron_n and_o name_v in_o french_a le_fw-fr ley_fw-fr olyroun_n here_o you_o have_v it_o declare_v as_o a_o thing_n most_o receive_v and_o certain_a that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v by_o ancient_a right_n be_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o the_o same_o name_n or_o that_o which_o flow'_v about_o it_o but_o that_o whereof_o the_o bench_n of_o judge_n be_v to_o consult_v be_v only_o about_o the_o orderly_a maintenance_n of_o this_o right_n nor_o be_v it_o true_o a_o small_a sign_n of_o this_o dominion_n that_o richard_n the_o first_o king_n of_o england_n be_v in_o the_o isle_n of_o oleron_n which_o he_o possess_v as_o seat_v in_o his_o own_o sea_n not_o so_o much_o for_o that_o he_o be_v duke_n of_o aquitain_n as_o king_n of_o england_n whereof_o we_o have_v already_o speak_v do_v as_o sole_a ruler_n and_o moderator_n of_o sea-affair_n first_o publish_v those_o naval_a or_o sea-law_n in_o that_o his_o island_n which_o hold_v in_o force_n to_o this_o day_n and_o from_o that_o time_n give_v they_o so_o large_a and_o perpetual_a a_o authority_n by_o that_o name_n that_o as_o the_o rhodian_a naval_a law_n as_o the_o case_n stand_v do_v prove_v that_o the_o rhodian_o in_o ancient_a time_n be_v lord_n of_o the_o grecian_a sea_n so_o the_o law_n of_o oleron_n have_v 19_o obtain_v such_o a_o kind_n of_o authority_n by_o sea_n from_o their_o first_o institution_n must_v ever_o declare_v the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o the_o author_n to_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o neighbour_a sea_n round_o about_o but_o some_o print_a copy_n of_o these_o law_n make_v they_o about_o sixty_o year_n late_a than_o the_o reign_n of_o that_o richard_n by_o what_o authority_n i_o can_v tell_v for_o they_o relate_v they_o to_o have_v be_v make_v in_o the_o year_n mcclxvi_o which_o be_v the_o fifty_o year_n of_o our_o henry_n the_o three_o also_o in_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n it_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o privilege_n of_o such_o as_o be_v absent_a that_o they_o who_o shall_v be_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n at_o the_o levy_n of_o a_o fine_a of_o any_o land_n and_o make_v proclamation_n thereupon_o be_v not_o so_o bind_v either_o by_o a_o yearly_a prescription_n as_o heretofore_o or_o by_o a_o five_o year_n prescription_n as_o be_v usual_a of_o late_a time_n but_o that_o their_o right_a remain_n entire_a to_o they_o upon_o their_o return_n home_o if_o they_o make_v their_o claim_n within_o the_o like_a space_n of_o time_n but_o intra_fw-la regnum_fw-la within_o the_o kingdom_n be_v by_o the_o same_o law_n take_v and_o that_o in_o the_o usual_a phrase_n for_o that_o which_o be_v intra_fw-la or_o as_o it_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v barbarous_o render_v infra_fw-la quatuor_fw-la maria_fw-la within_o the_o etc._n four_o sea_n to_o wit_n the_o southern_a western_a eastern_a and_o that_o northern_a sea_n which_o wash_v both_o the_o side_n of_o that_o neck_n of_o land_n whereby_o scotland_n be_v unite_v to_o england_n that_o be_v to_o say_v within_o the_o outmost_a bound_n of_o the_o english_a empire_n in_o those_o four_o sea_n or_o within_o the_o opposite_a shore_n of_o the_o eastern_a and_o southern_a sea_n or_o port_n belong_v to_o other_o prince_n and_o within_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o northern_a and_o western_a sea_n which_o indeed_o be_v to_o be_v bound_v after_o another_o manner_n but_o yet_o to_o be_v bound_v that_o be_v accordirng_a to_o the_o extent_n of_o possession_n westward_o beyond_o the_o western_a shore_n of_o ireland_n and_o by_o the_o first_o beginning_n of_o that_o sea_n which_o be_v of_o the_o scotish_n name_n and_o jurisdiction_n but_o that_o which_o be_v oppose_v to_o this_o particle_n intra_fw-la quatuor_fw-la maria_fw-la within_o the_o four_o sea_n be_v that_o lichford_n extra_fw-la quatuor_fw-la maria_fw-la without_o the_o four_o sea_n or_o to_o be_v in_o the_o part_n so_o beyond_o the_o sea_n that_o they_o be_v beyond_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n from_o whence_o we_o be_v to_o determine_v of_o the_o bound_n or_o exterior_a limit_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o although_o the_o land_n of_o england_n be_v sometime_o use_v for_o that_o which_o be_v the_o whole_a realm_n or_o english_a empire_n as_o signify_v the_o same_o a_o more_o ordinary_a and_o indeed_o more_o brief_a expression_n be_v apply_v as_o be_v usual_a in_o stead_n of_o a_o more_o large_a yet_o it_o certain_o appear_v that_o extra_fw-la quatuor_fw-la maria_fw-la without_o the_o four_o sea_n and_o extra_fw-la regnum_fw-la without_o the_o realm_n do_v in_o our_o law-book_n signify_v the_o very_a same_o thing_n that_o be_v to_o say_v so_o far_o as_o the_o extent_n and_o latitude_n of_o the_o whole_a english_a empire_n be_v comprehend_v in_o the_o name_n of_o realm_n not_o as_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n be_v now_o and_o then_o distinguish_v in_o 23._o our_o law_n from_o ireland_n which_o also_o be_v a_o distinct_a dominion_n of_o the_o same_o empire_n or_o from_o the_o other_o island_n which_o be_v reckon_v in_o the_o royal_a patrimony_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n for_o it_o be_v usual_a in_o the_o language_n of_o the_o law_n so_o to_o describe_v he_o who_o in_o that_o since_o shall_v be_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n and_o whereas_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o richard_n the_o second_o to_o a_o objection_n make_v against_o one_o that_o will_v avoid_v the_o yearly_a prescription_n as_o not_o bind_v by_o it_o for_o that_o he_o be_v not_o in_o england_n it_o be_v except_v that_o he_o be_v in_o scotland_n and_o so_o within_o the_o four_o sea_n it_o be_v thereupon_o 13._o answer_v and_o rule_v
sea_n that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n never_o have_v prohibit_v navigation_n and_o fish_n in_o the_o irish_a sea_n between_o england_n and_o ireland_n as_o if_o they_o will_v have_v have_v it_o prove_v from_o thence_o that_o the_o dane_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v prohibit_v fish_v or_o navigation_n between_o island_n and_o norway_n because_o neither_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o have_v possess_v the_o shore_n only_a on_o both_o side_n by_o a_o equal_a right_n there_o be_v other_o particular_n also_o no_o less_o rash_o speak_v touch_v a_o community_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o we_o observe_v before_o concern_v navigation_n and_o fish_n in_o the_o norwegian_a sea_n i_o shall_v add_v more_o by_o and_o by_o but_o as_o it_o be_v ill_o do_v of_o those_o commissioner_n in_o that_o treaty_n to_o make_v use_n of_o a_o argument_n draw_v from_o a_o necessary_a community_n of_o the_o sea_n so_o there_o be_v no_o truth_n in_o that_o which_o they_o let_v fall_v concern_v the_o irish_a sea_n for_o we_o know_v that_o not_o only_o those_o petty_a potentate_n border_v near_o the_o sea_n heretofore_o that_o be_v in_o rebellion_n and_o have_v usurp_v the_o king_n right_o in_o many_o place_n of_o ireland_n do_v exact_a grievous_a tribute_n of_o foreiner_n for_o the_o very_a liberty_n of_o fish_v but_o also_o it_o be_v express_o provide_v by_o act_n of_o â—_o parliament_n that_o no_o foreiner_n shall_v fish_v in_o the_o irish_a sea_n without_o leave_v first_o obtain_v to_o this_o purpose_n from_o the_o lord_n lieutenant_n or_o some_o other_o lawsul_n deputie_n or_o officer_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n yea_o and_o that_o all_o foreiner_n shall_v pay_v yearly_a for_o every_o fisherboat_n of_o xii_o ton_n or_o upward_o thirteen_o shilling_n and_o four_o penny_n and_o for_o every_o lesser_a vessel_n two_o shilling_n upon_o pain_n of_o forfeit_v their_o vessel_n furniture_n and_o all_o good_n whatsoëver_o if_o so_o they_o refuse_v this_o kind_n of_o payment_n or_o do_v not_o acknowledge_v this_o soveraignite_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o i_o shall_v insert_v the_o whole_a act_n touch_v this_o business_n that_o we_o may_v understand_v what_o be_v the_o most_o receive_a opinion_n of_o all_o the_o estate_n of_o ireland_n touch_v this_o right_a here_o of_o the_o king_n item_n at_o the_o request_n of_o the_o commons_o that_o where_o divers_a vessel_n of_o other_o land_n from_o one_o day_n to_o other_o go_v to_o fish_n among_o the_o king_n irish_a enemy_n in_o divers_a part_n of_o this_o say_a land_n by_o which_o the_o king_n say_v enemy_n be_v great_o advance_v and_o strengthen_v aswell_o in_o vitualle_n harney_n armour_n as_o dyver_n other_o necessary_n also_o great_a tribute_n of_o money_n give_v by_o every_o of_o the_o say_a vessel_n to_o the_o say_a enemy_n from_o day_n to_o day_n to_o the_o great_a augmentation_n of_o their_o power_n and_o force_v against_o the_o king_n honour_n and_o wealth_n and_o utter_a destruction_n of_o this_o say_a land_n thereupon_o the_o premise_n consider_v it_o be_v enact_v and_o ordain_v by_o authority_n of_o the_o say_a parliament_n that_o no_o manner_n vessel_n of_o other_o land_n shall_v be_v no_o time_n nor_o season_n of_o the_o year_n from_o henceforth_o from_o the_o feast_n of_o the_o nativity_n of_o our_o lord_n jesus_n christ_n next_o come_v go_v in_o no_o part_n of_o the_o say_a land_n betwixt_o the_o say_a irish_a enemy_n to_o no_o manner_n fish_v without_o one_o special_a licence_n of_o the_o lieutenant_n his_o deputy_n or_o justice_n of_o the_o land_n for_o the_o time_n be_v or_o licence_n of_o another_o person_n have_v the_o king_n power_n to_o grant_v such_o licence_n upon_o pain_n of_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o ship_n and_o good_n to_o the_o king_n and_o that_o whatsoever_o person_n or_o person_n that_o find_v or_o impeche_n any_o of_o the_o say_a vessel_n rumpant_n or_o forfaites_n against_o this_o act_n by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o same_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o they_o so_o make_v any_o claim_n in_o behalf_n of_o the_o king_n and_o approve_v the_o say_a forfayture_n by_o any_o of_o the_o say_a vessel_n to_o be_v make_v that_o the_o king_n shall_v have_v the_o one_o moitye_n of_o the_o say_a forfeiture_n and_o the_o say_a person_n or_o person_n shall_v have_v the_o other_a without_o any_o impechment_n and_o that_o all_o manner_n vessel_n of_o other_o land_n come_v in_o the_o say_a land_n of_o ireland_n a_o fish_n be_v of_o the_o burden_n of_o twelve_o ton_n or_o less_o have_v one_o drover_n or_o boat_n everye_o of_o they_o to_o pay_v for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o king_n war_n there_o xiii_o s._n iiii_o d._n by_o the_o year_n and_o all_o other_o small_a vessel_n as_o scarf_n or_o boat_n not_o have_v drover_n nor_o light_a being_n within_o the_o say_a burden_n of_o twelve_o run_v every_o of_o they_o shall_v pay_v twoe_o shilling_n go_n a_o fish_n in_o the_o like_a manner_n provide_v always_o that_o no_o vessel_n fysh_v in_o the_o north_n part_n of_o wicklo_n be_v charge_v by_o reason_n of_o this_o art_n and_o that_o the_o lieutenant_n his_o deputy_n or_o justice_n of_o the_o land_n for_o the_o time_n be_v shall_v have_v the_o foresay_a sum_n and_o duty_n of_o money_n so_o pay_v to_o be_v employ_v in_o the_o king_n war_n for_o the_o defente_fw-mi of_o the_o say_a land_n and_o that_o the_o customer_n and_o collector_n of_o the_o same_o sum_n shall_v account_n before_o the_o say_a justice_n lieutenant_z or_o deputy_n for_o the_o time_n be_v or_o such_o auditor_n that_o shall_v be_v for_o the_o same_o appoint_v by_o the_o king_n or_o they_o and_o not_o before_o the_o baron_n of_o th'exchequer_n in_o the_o say_a land_n and_o that_o none_o of_o the_o say_a vessel_n so_o come_v from_o other_o part_n in_o the_o say_a land_n shall_v not_o depart_v out_o of_o the_o say_a land_n till_o every_o of_o they_o pay_v their_o say_a duty_n upon_o pain_n of_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o vessel_n and_o good_n to_o the_o king_n there_o be_v some_o also_o who_o affirm_v that_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n 189._o obtain_v leave_v by_o request_n from_o our_o queen_n marie_n for_o xxi_o year_n to_o fish_v in_o the_o more_o northerly_a part_n of_o the_o irish_a sea_n and_o that_o thereupon_o a_o revenue_n of_o one_o thousand_o pound_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la be_v advance_v to_o the_o exchequer_n in_o ireland_n a_o proclamation_n also_o be_v set_v forth_o by_o martii_fw-la james_n king_n of_o great_a britain_n prohibit_v any_o foreiner_n without_o leave_v first_o obtain_v to_o fish_v in_o this_o irish_a sea_n but_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v that_o controversy_n about_o the_o isle_n of_o man_n although_o it_o be_v remember_v by_o giraldus_n who_o write_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o nevertheless_o it_o be_v to_o be_v conceive_v that_o it_o arise_v in_o the_o more_o ancient_a time_n of_o the_o english-saxons_a when_o all_o that_o lie_v betwixt_o england_n and_o ireland_n be_v in_o subjection_n either_o to_o the_o king_n of_o ireland_n or_o britain_n that_o be_v when_o both_o of_o they_o have_v in_o this_o sea_n distinct_a territory_n of_o their_o own_o who_o bound_n be_v in_o question_n certain_a it_o be_v as_o 9_o beda_n write_v that_o edwin_n the_o most_o potent_a king_n of_o the_o nortbumbrians_n or_o rather_o of_o all_o the_o english-saxons_a subdue_v the_o mevanian_a isle_n to_o the_o dominion_n of_o england_n about_o the_o year_n dcxxx_o that_o be_v to_o say_v both_o that_o mevanian_n which_o we_o call_v anglesey_n &_o the_o other_o also_o which_o be_v man_n whereof_o we_o discourse_v but_o in_o the_o late_a time_n of_o the_o anglo-saxon_n empire_n the_o norwegian_n or_o dane_n who_o exceed_o infest_a both_o this_o and_o the_o north-east_n sea_n with_o very_o frequent_a robbery_n at_o length_n seize_v both_o this_o isle_n and_o the_o hebrides_n and_o hold_v they_o almost_o two_o hundred_o year_n so_o that_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n this_o of_o man_n can_v not_o in_o a_o civil_a sens_fw-fr be_v ascribe_v either_o to_o ireland_n or_o britain_n but_o that_o the_o king_n thereof_o be_v at_o that_o time_n lord_n as_o well_o of_o the_o neighbour_a sea_n as_o of_o the_o isle_n may_v be_v collect_v out_o of_o their_o annal_n where_o we_o find_v that_o godred_a who_o surname_n be_v crovan_n king_n of_o man_n in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n mlxvi_o bring_v dublin_n and_o a_o great_a part_n of_o laynster_n â—40_n under_o his_o subjection_n and_o so_o thorough_o subdue_v the_o scot_n that_o no_o man_n who_o build_v a_o ship_n dare_v drive_v in_o more_o than_o three_o nail_n so_o that_o he_o give_v both_o limitation_n and_o law_n to_o the_o ship_n of_o his_o neighbour_n which_o be_v all_o one_o as_o to_o enjoy_v the_o very_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o i_o have_v show_v in_o
eminent_a limit_v like_o a_o mound_n but_o any_o kind_n of_o imaginary_a line_n by_o straight_a line_n crooked_a wind_n and_o turn_n and_o angle_n have_v take_v place_n in_o the_o designation_n of_o private_a dominion_n or_o in_o the_o shut_n or_o enclose_v of_o a_o thing_n possess_v in_o a_o civil_a acception_n as_o it_o be_v usual_a among_o the_o ancient_n in_o those_o field_n which_o be_v term_v agri_n occupatorii_n and_o arcifinii_n as_o well_o as_o any_o eminent_a and_o continue_a limit_v or_o mound_n whatsoëver_o from_o whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o in_o the_o assignation_n of_o colony_n they_o call_v those_o place_n clausa_fw-la and_o extraclusa_n who_o limit_n â—ere_z divide_v only_o by_o such_o kind_n of_o line_n agrorum_fw-la julius_n frontinus_n say_v that_o field_n my_o bee_n call_v ager_n extraclusus_fw-la which_o lie_v within_o the_o border_a line_n and_o the_o century_n and_o therefore_o extraclusus_fw-la because_o it_o be_v close_v with_o the_o border_a line_n beyond_o the_o limit_n so_o the_o territory_n assign_v as_o well_o in_o the_o colony_n at_o this_o day_n carry_v into_o america_n as_o in_o that_o prodigious_a gift_n of_o pope_n alexander_n vi_o in_o the_o former_a age_n which_o be_v bound_v by_o a_o imaginary_a line_n from_o the_o â—8_o artic_a to_o the_o antarctic_a pole_n be_v close_v by_o line_n of_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n draw_v through_o the_o degree_n of_o heaven_n that_o they_o may_v be_v possess_v in_o a_o private_a manner_n so_o the_o greek_a sea_n which_o be_v within_o the_o cyanean_a and_o chelidonian_a island_n be_v by_o cimonis_fw-la agreement_n shut_v and_o prohibit_v by_o the_o athenian_n to_o the_o persian_a emperor_n so_o the_o sea_n flow_v about_o be_v shut_v or_o close_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o the_o royal_a patrimony_n of_o the_o british_a empire_n other_o passage_n there_o be_v every_o where_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n but_o i_o enlarge_v myself_o too_o much_o in_o a_o thing_n so_o manifest_a therefore_o i_o forbear_v to_o light_v a_o candle_n to_o the_o sun_n farewell_o reader_n from_o the_o inner_a temple_n iv_o november_n mdcxxxv_o the_o content_n of_o the_o first_o book_n according_a to_o the_o several_a chapter_n chap._n i._n the_o division_n of_o the_o work_n and_o the_o method_n of_o the_o first_o book_n pag._n 1_o chap._n ii_o what_o occurrence_n seem_v to_o oppose_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o what_o argument_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v make_v against_o it_o pag._n 3_o chap._n iii_o what_o be_v mean_v by_o the_o word_n sea_n in_o the_o question_n also_o a_o division_n of_o the_o law_n in_o order_n to_o the_o discourse_n pag._n 11_o chap._n iv_o of_o dominion_n both_o common_a to_o all_o and_o private_a also_o its_o original_a either_o by_o distribution_n or_o primarie_a occupation_n pag._n 16_o chap._n v._o the_o effect_n of_o private_a dominion_n and_o what_o regard_n have_v be_v have_v of_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o more_o ancient_a distribution_n and_o division_n of_o thing_n pag._n 24_o chap._n vi_o that_o the_o law_n of_o god_n or_o the_o divine_a oracle_n of_o holy_a scripture_n do_v allow_v a_o private_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o that_o the_o wide_a ocean_n also_o which_o wash_v the_o western_a coast_n of_o the_o holy_a land_n or_o at_o least_o a_o considerable_a part_n of_o it_o be_v according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o such_o as_o be_v learn_v in_o the_o jewish_a law_n annex_v to_o the_o land_n of_o israël_n by_o the_o assignation_n or_o appointment_n of_o god_n himself_o pag._n 27_o chap._n vii_o that_o the_o natural-permissive_a law_n whereof_o any_o use_n may_v be_v in_o this_o place_n be_v to_o be_v derive_v out_o of_o the_o custom_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o more_o civilise_a and_o more_o noble_a nation_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a pag._n 42_o chap._n viii_o the_o manner_n whereby_o the_o law_n permissive_a touch_v private_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n may_v be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o custom_n of_o many_o age_n and_o nation_n that_o there_o be_v testimony_n hereof_o manifest_a enough_o in_o the_o fabulous_a age._n also_o a_o word_n by_o the_o way_n touch_v the_o mediterranean_a sea_n in_o possession_n of_o the_o roman_n when_o the_o command_n thereof_o be_v commit_v to_o cneius_n pompeius_n pag._n 46_o chap._n ix_o the_o first_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n among_o the_o greek_n in_o the_o historical_a age_n that_o be_v the_o dominion_n of_o king_n minos_n or_o the_o cretan_a pag._n 53_o chap._n x._o that_o after_o minos_n of_o crete_n seventeen_o nation_n of_o renown_n in_o the_o east_n succeed_v each_o other_o do_v for_o very_o many_o year_n even_o without_o intermission_n enjoy_v a_o dominion_n of_o the_o syrian_a egyptian_a pamphylian_a lydian_a and_o aegean_a sea_n no_o otherwise_o than_o of_o the_o continent_n or_o island_n pag._n 56_o chap._n xi_o touch_v the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o lacedæmonians_n and_o athenian_n moreover_o also_o that_o it_o be_v acknowledge_v not_o only_o by_o the_o greek_n but_o also_o by_o the_o persian_n in_o a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n pag._n 65_o chap._n xii_o other_o testimony_n which_o be_v find_v scatter_v up_o and_o down_o touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o eastern_a nation_n pag._n 69_o chap._n xiii_o of_o the_o spinetans_n tuscan_n carthaginian_n and_o other_o lord_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o west_n pag._n 74_o chap._n fourteen_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n and_o of_o such_o as_o follow_v their_o custom_n in_o the_o eastern_a empire_n pag._n 77_o chap._n xv._o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o it_o belong_v to_o private_a person_n under_o the_o roman_a empire_n together_o with_o that_o sanction_n establish_v in_o the_o eastern_a empire_n whereby_o the_o perpetual_a community_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v pretend_v to_o by_o some_o be_v utter_o abolish_v as_o a_o thing_n unjust_a the_o dominion_n even_o of_o private_a person_n therein_o be_v assert_v pag._n 89_o chap._n xvi_o touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o such_o nation_n as_o be_v now_o in_o be_v first_o of_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n belong_v to_o the_o venetian_n the_o gâ—nova_n ligustick_a to_o the_o genoêse_n the_o tyrrhenian_a to_o the_o tuscan_n and_o last_o of_o the_o sea_n belong_v to_o the_o church_n or_o pope_n of_o rome_n pag._n 99_o chap._n xvii_o concern_v the_o receive_a custom_n of_o the_o portugal_n and_o spaniard_n about_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n pag._n 107_o chap._n xviii_o how_o far_o private_a dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n be_v admit_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n or_o opinion_n of_o the_o french_a pag_n 111_o chap._n xix_o the_o private_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n according_a to_o the_o receive_a custom_n of_o the_o dane_n the_o people_n of_o norway_n the_o swede_n polander_n and_o turk_n pag._n 118_o chap._n xx._n a_o answer_n to_o the_o objection_n concern_v freedom_n of_o passage_n to_o merchant_n stranger_n and_o seaman_n pag._n 123_o chap._n xxi_o a_o answer_n to_o that_o objection_n concern_v the_o uncertain_a fluid_a nature_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o its_o continual_a alteration_n it_o be_v prove_v that_o river_n also_o and_o the_o adjoin_a aër_fw-la which_o be_v more_o fluid_a and_o uncertain_a may_v become_v appropriate_a pag._n 127_o chap._n xxii_o a_o answer_n to_o the_o objection_n touch_v the_o defect_n of_o bound_n and_o limit_n in_o the_o sea_n as_o also_o concern_v its_o magnitude_n and_o inexhaustible_a abundance_n pag._n 135_o chap._n xxiii_o a_o answer_n to_o such_o testimony_n as_o have_v fall_v from_o writer_n treat_v of_o other_o subject_n and_o which_o be_v usual_o allege_v against_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n pag._n 145_o chap._n xxiv_o a_o answer_n to_o the_o objection_n take_v out_o of_o ancient_a lawyer_n pag._n 150_o chap._n xxv_o touch_v the_o emperor_n antoninus_n his_o answer_n that_o himself_o be_v sovereign_a of_o the_o world_n but_o the_o law_n as_o it_o be_v common_o translate_v of_o the_o sea_n in_o l._n deprecatio_fw-la ff_n do_fw-mi de_fw-fr lege_fw-la rhodiâ_fw-la the_o true_a meaning_n of_o the_o say_a answer_n and_o a_o new_a but_o genuine_a exposition_n of_o it_o also_o that_o it_o comprehend'_v nothing_o which_o may_v in_o any_o wise_a oppose_v a_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n pag._n 157_o chap._n xxvi_o a_o answer_n to_o the_o opinion_n of_o modern_a lawyer_n so_o far_o as_o they_o oppose_v a_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n especial_o of_o fernannandus_n vasquius_fw-la and_o hugo_n grotius_n pag._n 168_o the_o content_n of_o the_o second_o book_n chap._n i._n the_o order_n or_o method_n of_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v to_o be_v handle_v in_o this_o book_n the_o british_a ocean_n divide_v into_o four_o part_n pag._n 181_o chap._n ii_o that_o the_o ancient_a britain_n do_v enjoy_v and_o possess_v the_o sea_n of_o the_o same_o name_n especial_o
the_o southern_a and_o eastern_a part_n of_o it_o as_o lord_n thereof_o together_o with_o the_o island_n before_o they_o be_v bring_v under_o the_o roman_a power_n p._n 188_o chap._n iii_o that_o the_o britain_n be_v lord_n of_o the_o northern_a sea_n before_o they_o be_v subdue_v by_o the_o roman_n and_o that_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o land_n make_v one_o entire_a body_n of_o the_o british_a empire_n pag._n 201_o chap._n iv_o that_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o british_a sea_n follow_v the_o conquest_n of_o great_a britain_n itself_o under_o the_o emperor_n claudius_n and_o domitian_n pag._n 205_o chap._n v._o touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o roman_n in_o the_o british_a sea_n as_o a_o appendant_a of_o the_o island_n from_o the_o time_n of_o domitian_n to_o the_o emperor_n constantius_n chlorus_n or_o diocletian_a pag._n 211_o chap._n vi_o touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o southern_a and_o eastern_a sea_n as_o a_o appendant_a of_o the_o british_a empire_n from_o the_o time_n of_o constantine_n the_o great_a till_o the_o roman_n quit_v the_o island_n that_o it_o be_v all_o under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o count_n of_o the_o saxon_a shore_n throughout_o britain_n also_o concern_v the_o british_a navy_n under_o the_o roman_n pag._n 217_o chap._n vii_o a_o examination_n of_o the_o opinion_n of_o some_o learned_a man_n who_o will_v have_v the_o saxon_a shore_n from_o whence_o that_o count_n or_o commander_n of_o the_o sea_n throughout_o britain_n have_v his_o title_n to_o be_v the_o british_a shore_n on_o this_o side_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v plain_o prove_v to_o be_v false_o pag._n 231_o chap._n viii_o some_o evidence_n concern_v the_o sovereignty_n and_o inseparable_a dominion_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o britain_n and_o the_o sea_n belong_v thereto_o out_o of_o claudian_n and_o certain_a coin_n of_o the_o emperor_n antoninus_n pius_n pag._n 242_o chap._n ix_o touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o british_a sea_n after_o that_o the_o inhabitant_n have_v free_v themselves_o from_o the_o roman_a power_n pag._n 247_o chap._n x._o it_o be_v prove_v both_o from_o the_o very_a beginning_n of_o the_o saxon_n reign_n as_o also_o from_o their_o force_n and_o victory_n by_o sea_n that_o the_o english-saxons_a and_o dane_n who_o rule_v the_o south_n part_n of_o britain_n have_v dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n pag._n 251_o chap._n xi_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o english-saxons_a and_o dane_n during_o their_o reign_n in_o britain_n observe_v in_o like_a manner_n from_o such_o tribute_n and_o duty_n of_o their_o fiduciarie_n client_n or_o vassal_n as_o concern_v the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o navy_n also_o concern_v the_o tribute_n or_o paiment_n call_v danegeld_v which_o be_v wont_v to_o beelevied_a for_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n pag._n 259_o chap._n xii_o the_o testimony_n of_o edgar_n and_o canutus_n king_n of_o england_n with_o other_o express_o declare_v the_o dominion_n which_o they_o and_o their_o predecessor_n have_v over_o the_o sea_n together_o with_o a_o observation_n touch_v the_o nation_n which_o in_o that_o age_n be_v seat_v upon_o the_o opposite_a shore_n pag._n 273_o chap._n xiii_o several_a testimony_n concern_v the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n since_o the_o norman_a conquest_n set_v forth_o in_o general_a head_n pag._n 284_o chap._n fourteen_o that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n since_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n have_v perpetual_o enjoy_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n flow_v about_o they_o be_v in_o the_o first_o place_n prove_v from_o the_o guard_n or_o government_n thereof_o as_o of_o a_o province_n or_o territorie_n that_o be_v to_o say_v from_o the_o very_a law_n of_o the_o english_a admiralty_n pag._n 287_o chap._n xv._o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o english_a sea_n assert_v from_o those_o tribute_n or_o custom_n that_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v impose_v pay_v and_o demand_v for_o the_o guard_n or_o protection_n thereof_o after_o the_o norman_a conquest_n pag._n 295_o chap._n xvi_o observation_n touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o english_a and_o irish_a sea_n from_o the_o tenor_n and_o variety_n of_o those_o letter_n patent_n or_o commission_n royal_a whereby_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v put_v in_o authority_n pag._n 305_o chap._n xvii_o it_o be_v prove_v by_o word_n plain_a enough_o in_o the_o form_n of_o the_o commission_n for_o the_o government_n or_o command_n of_o the_o high_a admiral_n of_o england_n from_o ancient_a to_o the_o present_a time_n that_o the_o sea_n for_o who_o guard_n or_o defence_n he_o be_v appoint_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o lord_n and_o sovereign_n be_v ever_o bound_v towards_o the_o south_n by_o the_o shore_n of_o aquitain_n normandy_n and_o picardy_n pag._n 312_o chap._n xviii_o touch_v the_o admiral_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n or_o those_o constitute_v upon_o the_o opposite_a shore_n their_o original_a nature_n and_o variety_n that_o the_o sea_n itself_o flow_v between_o britain_n and_o france_n be_v not_o contain_v in_o that_o command_n of_o he_o as_o of_o one_o that_o be_v governor_n of_o a_o territory_n or_o province_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o thing_n in_o it_o that_o may_v oppose_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n by_o sea_n pag._n 321._o chap._n xix_o that_o in_o the_o dominion_n of_o those_o island_n lie_v before_o the_o shore_n of_o france_n which_o have_v ever_o be_v enjoy_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o sea_n wherein_o they_o be_v situate_a be_v derive_v from_o their_o predecessor_n pag._n 333_o chap._n xx._n the_o dominion_n and_o possession_n of_o the_o sea_n assert_v on_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n from_o that_o leave_v of_o preter-navigation_n or_o passage_n which_o have_v be_v usual_o either_o grant_v by_o they_o to_o foreiner_n or_o desire_v from_o they_o pag._n 344_o chap._n xxi_o that_o licence_n have_v be_v usual_o grant_v to_o foreiner_n by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n to_o fish_n in_o the_o sea_n also_o that_o the_o protection_n give_v to_o fisherman_n by_o they_o as_o in_o their_o own_o territory_n be_v a_o ancient_a and_o manifest_a evidence_n of_o their_o dominion_n by_o sea_n pag._n 355_o chap._n xxii_o the_o dominion_n of_o england_n make_v evident_a from_o the_o law_n and_o limit_n usual_o set_v by_o our_o king_n in_o the_o sea_n to_o such_o foreiner_n as_o be_v at_o enmity_n with_o each_o other_o but_o in_o amity_n with_o the_o english_a and_o concern_v the_o king_n closet_n or_o chamber_n in_o the_o sea_n also_o touch_v that_o singular_a privilege_v of_o perpetual_a truce_n or_o exemption_n from_o hostility_n in_o the_o sea_n about_o those_o isle_n which_o lie_v before_o the_o shore_n of_o normandy_n pag._n 363_o chap._n xxiii_o certain_a public_a record_n wherein_o of_o old_a the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v by_o the_o way_n asscribe_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n both_o by_o the_o king_n himself_o and_o also_o by_o the_o estate_n of_o parliament_n debate_v of_o other_o matter_n and_o that_o in_o express_a word_n and_o with_o very_o great_a deliberation_n as_o a_o know_a and_o most_o undoubted_a right_n pag._n 375_o chap._n xxiv_o of_o divers_a testimony_n in_o our_o own_o law-book_n and_o the_o most_o receive_a custom_n whereby_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v either_o assert_v or_o admit_v pag._n 382_o chap._n xxv_o son_n ancient_a testimony_n of_o less_o account_n touch_v the_o sea-dominion_n whereof_o we_o treat_v pag._n 394_o chap._n xxvi_o that_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v acknowledge_v by_o foreiner_n who_o it_o most_o concern_v by_o their_o usual_a strike_n of_o sail_n according_a to_o ancient_a custom_n also_o concern_v two_o edict_n or_o ordinance_n that_o be_v set_v forth_o about_o this_o thing_n by_o the_o king_n of_o france_n pag._n 398_o chap._n xxvii_o a_o recognition_n or_o acknowledgement_n of_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n make_v by_o very_a many_o of_o the_o neighbor-nation_n round_o about_o in_o a_o ancient_a libel_n public_o exhibit_v or_o in_o a_o bill_n of_o complaint_n institute_v by_o they_o together_o with_o the_o english_a against_o reyner_n grimbald_n governor_n of_o the_o french_a navy_n also_o touch_v a_o recognition_n of_o this_o kind_n imply_v in_o his_o defence_n pag._n 403_o chap._n xxviii_o a_o copy_n or_o transcript_n of_o the_o libel_n or_o bill_n of_o complaint_n mention_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n pag._n 415._o chap._n xxix_o a_o recognition_n or_o acknowledgement_n of_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n make_v by_o the_o fleming_n in_o a_o embassy_n to_o edward_n the_o second_o pag._n 429_o chap._n xxx_o of_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n in_o the_o irish_a and_o western_a sea_n consider_v single_o and_o apart_o by_o itself_o pag._n 433
therefore_o from_o thence_o they_o seem_v to_o hold_v that_o a_o dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n can_v be_v attein_v by_o any_o ancient_a usage_n custom_n or_o prescription_n nor_o under_o any_o other_o pretence_n or_o title_n whatsoëver_o for_o faith_n they_o no_o plea_n or_o bar_n be_v to_o be_v allow_v against_o nature_n nor_o as_o usurpationibus_fw-la papinian_n say_v be_v a_o prescription_n of_o long_a possession_n wont_a to_o be_v admit_v for_o the_o hold_n of_o such_o place_n as_o be_v public_a and_o common_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o these_o ancient_a lawyer_n here_o mention_v be_v follow_v by_o no_o small_a train_n of_o interpreter_n though_o nevertheless_o there_o be_v not_o a_o few_o even_o of_o they_o who_o restrain_v and_o qualify_v that_o ancient_a opinion_n more_o way_n than_o one_o touch_v the_o necessity_n of_o a_o common_a intercour_n and_o freedom_n at_o sea_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o but_o of_o our_o modern_a lawyer_n those_o that_o have_v appear_v most_o forward_o in_o oppose_v a_o right_a of_o dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n be_v only_o two_o both_o indeed_o very_o eminent_a man_n but_o of_o unequal_a learning_n and_o elegancy_n of_o wit_n by_o name_n fernandus_n vasquius_fw-la the_o spaniard_n and_o hugo_n grotius_n the_o hollander_n the_o former_a a_o honourable_a counsellor_n to_o king_n philip_n the_o 3._o of_o spain_n in_o his_o high_a court_n of_o exchequer_n the_o late_a be_v heretofore_o advocate_n fiscal_n of_o holland_n zealand_n and_o west-friesland_n and_o most_o deserve_o adorn_v with_o divers_a other_o honour_n in_o his_o own_o country_n a_o man_n of_o a_o acute_a judgement_n and_o for_o his_o excellency_n in_o all_o kind_n of_o learning_n incomparable_a but_o vasquius_fw-la in_o his_o discourse_n both_o of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n as_o also_o concern_v the_o right_n of_o dominion_n prescription_n and_o other_o thing_n of_o that_o nature_n speak_v to_o this_o effect_n etc._n from_o hence_o say_v he_o it_o appear_v how_o little_a esteem_n be_v to_o be_v have_v of_o their_o opinion_n who_o suppose_v that_o the_o genoëse_n or_o venetian_n may_v without_o injury_n forbid_v other_o to_o sail_v through_o the_o gulf_n in_o their_o respective_a sea_n as_o if_o they_o can_v have_v lay_v claim_n to_o those_o sea_n by_o prescription_n which_o be_v not_o only_o contrary_a to_o the_o imperial_a law_n above_o mention_v but_o also_o against_o the_o primitive_a law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n which_o can_v be_v alter_v and_o that_o it_o be_v against_o this_o law_n be_v evident_a because_o by_o the_o same_o law_n not_o only_o the_o sea_n but_o all_o other_o immovable_a thing_n whatsoëver_o be_v common_a and_o although_o in_o aftertime_n that_o law_n come_v to_o be_v abolish_v in_o part_n so_o far_a as_o concern_v the_o dominion_n and_o propriety_n of_o land_n which_o be_v enjoy_v in_o common_a according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v afterward_o distinguish_v divide_v and_o so_o separate_v from_o that_o common_a use_n yet_o it_o have_v be_v otherwise_o and_o be_v still_o as_o to_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o from_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o world_n to_o this_o present_a day_n be_v and_o ever_o have_v be_v in_o common_a without_o the_o least_o alteration_n as_o it_o be_v general_o know_v and_o though_o i_o hear_v many_o of_o the_o portugal_n be_v of_o this_o opinion_n that_o their_o king_n have_v have_v such_o a_o ancient_a title_n by_o prescription_n in_o that_o vast_a ocean_n of_o the_o west-indies_n so_o that_o other_o nation_n have_v no_o right_a to_o sail_v through_o those_o sea_n and_o also_o that_o the_o ordinary_a sort_n of_o our_o own_o nation_n of_o spain_n seem_v to_o be_v of_o the_o same_o opinion_n that_o no_o people_n whatsoëver_o but_o spaniard_n have_v any_o right_a to_o sail_v through_o that_o immense_a and_o most_o spacious_a sea_n to_o those_o indian_a country_n that_o have_v be_v subdue_v by_o the_o most_o mighty_a king_n of_o spain_n as_o if_o they_o only_o have_v a_o right_a by_o prescription_n thereto_o yet_o all_o these_o man_n opinion_n be_v no_o less_o vain_a and_o foolish_a then_o they_o who_o use_v to_o dream_v the_o same_o thing_n of_o the_o genoeses_n and_o venetian_n the_o folly_n of_o which_o opinion_n appear_v the_o more_o clear_o even_o in_o this_o respect_n because_o neither_o of_o those_o nation_n single_o consider_v can_v prescribe_v aught_o against_o themselves_o that_o be_v to_o say_v neither_o the_o republic_n of_o venice_n against_o itself_o nor_o that_o of_o genoa_n against_o itself_o nor_o the_o kingdom_n of_o spain_n against_o itself_o nor_o that_o of_o portugal_n against_o itself_o for_o there_o ought_v ever_o to_o be_v a_o difference_n between_o the_o agent_n and_o patient_n much_o less_o can_v they_o prescribe_v aught_o to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o other_o nation_n because_o the_o law_n of_o prescription_n be_v pure_o civil_a therefore_o such_o a_o law_n can_v be_v of_o no_o force_n in_o decide_v controversy_n that_o happen_v betwixt_o prince_n or_o people_n that_o acknowledge_v no_o superior_a for_o the_o peculiar_a civil_a law_n of_o every_o country_n be_v of_o no_o more_o value_n as_o to_o foreign_a country_n and_o nation_n or_o their_o people_n then_o if_o such_o a_o law_n be_v not_o in_o be_v or_o never_o have_v be_v â—nd_v therefore_o in_o controversy_n of_o that_o nature_n recours_fw-fr must_v be_v have_v unto_o the_o common_a law_n of_o nation_n original_a or_o secondary_a which_o law_n certain_o do_v never_o admit_v of_o such_o a_o prescription_n or_o usurpation_n of_o title_n over_o the_o sea_n other_o matter_n he_o have_v of_o the_o same_o kind_n be_v a_o very_a confident_a opposer_n of_o any_o peculiar_a dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n but_o in_o the_o year_n md_o cix_o it_o be_v the_o year_n after_o that_o large_a treaty_n hold_v at_o the_o hage_n betwixt_o the_o spaniard_n and_o the_o hollander_n about_o freedom_n of_o trade_n and_o navigation_n to_o the_o east-indies_n there_o be_v publish_v that_o book_n of_o hugo_n grotius_n entitle_v mare_fw-la liberum_fw-la or_o a_o discourse_n concern_v that_o right_n which_o the_o hollander_n have_v to_o trade_n in_o the_o indies_n wherein_o he_o endeavor_n first_o to_o prove_v that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n there_o ought_v to_o be_v such_o a_o freedom_n of_o navigation_n for_o all_o man_n whatsoëver_o which_o way_n they_o plea_n so_o that_o they_o can_v without_o injury_n be_v molest_v at_o sea_n next_o that_o the_o atlantic_a and_o southern_a ocean_n or_o the_o right_n of_o navigation_n to_o the_o indies_n be_v not_o nor_o indeed_o can_v be_v any_o peculiar_a of_o the_o portugall_n forasmuch_o as_o the_o sea_n say_v he_o according_a to_o the_o jubet_fw-la law_n and_o reason_n already_o mention_v can_v in_o no_o wise_n become_v the_o propriety_n of_o any_o one_o because_o nature_n not_o only_a permit_n but_o require_n it_n shall_v be_v common_a several_a other_o passage_n he_o have_v about_o this_o matter_n in_o his_o excellent_a book_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la belli_n &_o pacis_fw-la of_o which_o more_o hereafter_o thus_o much_o in_o brief_a concern_v those_o argument_n that_o be_v usual_o bring_v against_o the_o dominion_n or_o ownership_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o next_o thing_n therefore_o be_v to_o explain_v the_o sens_fw-fr of_o the_o question_n and_o its_o term_n what_o be_v mean_v by_o the_o word_n sea_n in_o the_o question_n also_o a_o division_n of_o the_o law_n in_o order_n to_o the_o discourse_n chap._n iii_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v the_o present_a question_n whether_o the_o sea_n be_v capable_a of_o private_a dominion_n we_o take_v the_o word_n capable_a in_o the_o same_o sens_fw-fr as_o it_o be_v use_v by_o the_o emperor_n traian_n in_o a_o epistle_n of_o he_o to_o his_o belove_a pliny_n 59_o solum_fw-la peregrinae_fw-la civitatis_fw-la capax_fw-la non_fw-la esse_fw-la dedicationis_fw-la quae_fw-la fit_a jure_fw-la nostro_fw-la the_o soil_n of_o a_o strange_a city_n be_v not_o capable_a of_o such_o a_o dedication_n as_o be_v make_v by_o our_o law_n moreover_o we_o shall_v explain_v what_o be_v mean_v by_o the_o sea_n as_o also_o by_o those_o term_n of_o law_n and_o dominion_n by_o the_o sea_n we_o understand_v the_o whole_a sea_n as_o well_o the_o main_a ocean_n or_o out-land_n sea_n as_o those_o which_o be_v within-land_n such_o as_o the_o mediterranean_a adriatic_a aegean_a or_o levant_n british_n and_o baltic_a sea_n or_o any_o other_o of_o that_o kind_n which_o differ_v not_o otherwise_o from_o the_o main_a then_o as_o homogeneous_a or_o similary_n part_n of_o the_o same_o body_n do_v from_o the_o whole_a but_o the_o law_n as_o it_o be_v the_o rule_n measure_n and_o point_v out_o of_o thing_n lawful_a or_o unlawful_a fall_v under_o a_o twofold_a consideration_n fither_o as_o it_o be_v obligatorie_n which_o be_v call_v also_o preceptive_a or_o as_o it_o be_v permissive_a
and_o restrain_v but_o when_o this_o reason_n whole_o cease_v than_o what_o the_o proprietor_n possess_v be_v so_o his_o own_o that_o it_o can_v lawful_o in_o any_o wise_a without_o his_o consent_n become_v another_o man_n and_o all_o these_o thing_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o alteration_n of_o that_o universal_a or_o natural_a law_n of_o nation_n which_o be_v permissive_a for_o thence_o come_v in_o private_a dominion_n or_o possession_n to_o wit_n from_o the_o positive_a law_n but_o in_o the_o mean_a while_o it_o be_v establish_v by_o the_o universal_a obligatorie_n law_n which_o provide_n for_o the_o due_a observation_n of_o compact_n and_o covenant_n these_o thing_n be_v thus_o premise_v we_o shall_v next_o see_v what_o respect_n have_v be_v have_v unto_o the_o sea_n either_o in_o the_o very_a first_o or_o any_o more_o ancient_a distribution_n or_o division_n of_o thing_n for_o if_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o sea_n also_o have_v be_v assign_v over_o with_o land_n it_o must_v certain_o be_v confess_v that_o from_o the_o same_o original_n there_o spring_n a_o private_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o well_o as_o the_o land_n and_o so_o that_o it_o be_v equal_o capable_a of_o the_o same_o with_o this_o and_o true_o in_o the_o distribution_n of_o land_n which_o be_v renew_v after_o the_o flood_n so_o far_o as_o we_o be_v able_a to_o collect_v by_o tradition_n from_o the_o ancient_n we_o find_v no_o express_a mention_n make_v of_o any_o sea_n as_o a_o part_n assign_v but_o yet_o sometime_o the_o sea_n be_v add_v as_o a_o bind_v to_o a_o part_n assign_v as_o where_o the_o part_n first_o assign_v unto_o the_o son_n of_o cham_n be_v extend_v from_o the_o border_n of_o egypt_n through_o africa_n as_o far_o as_o hercules_n pillar_n or_o 10._o unto_o the_o western_a and_o african_n sea_n and_o the_o portion_n of_o the_o canaanite_n situate_a within_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o son_n of_o cham_n be_v twice_o so_o describe_v in_o the_o samaritan_n pentateuch_n that_o it_o be_v express_o say_v to_o reach_v from_o the_o river_n of_o egypt_n or_o nilus_n to_o the_o great_a river_n that_o be_v the_o river_n euphrates_n and_o 2._o unto_o the_o utmost_a sea_n or_o the_o remote_a which_o be_v the_o great_a or_o western_a sea_n which_o last_o word_n be_v use_v in_o the_o lay_n out_o of_o that_o portion_n which_o the_o sacred_a scripture_n mention's_n in_o deuteronomie_n sometime_o also_o some_o sea_n may_v seem_v to_o be_v so_o comprehend_v in_o the_o part_n assign_v that_o they_o appear_v to_o be_v no_o less_o assign_v than_o the_o land_n for_o unto_o the_o son_n of_o japhet_n be_v assign_v citatis_fw-la those_o country_n which_o extend_v from_o media_n towards_o the_o north_n and_o the_o west_n as_o far_o as_o cadiz_n and_o the_o island_n of_o britain_n we_o see_v also_o that_o certain_a sea_n be_v include_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o assignment_n as_o the_o â—evant_z aegean_a mediterranean_a adriatic_a and_o british_a sea_n whether_o by_o donation_n or_o not_o we_o can_v say_v but_o in_o that_o ancient_a apportion_v of_o the_o holy_a land_n whereof_o god_n himself_o be_v author_n the_o sea_n seem_v rather_o to_o have_v be_v account_v a_o boundarie_n than_o any_o part_n of_o the_o territory_n allot_v concern_v the_o south-quarter_n the_o word_n be_v these_o 12._o the_o bound_n of_o it_o shall_v be_v the_o outmost_a coast_n of_o the_o salt_n sea_n eastward_o and_o a_o little_a after_o the_o border_n shall_v fetch_v a_o compass_n from_o azmon_a unto_o the_o river_n of_o egypt_n and_o the_o go_n out_o of_o it_o shall_v be_v at_o the_o sea_n also_o concern_v the_o westquarter_n its_o border_n shall_v begin_v at_o sea_n &_o ipso_fw-la sine_fw-la claudetur_fw-la and_o by_o it_o it_o shall_v be_v bound_v as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o vulgar_a translation_n to_o which_o â—ens_n agree_v also_o the_o modern_a but_o concern_v this_o place_n and_o the_o rest_n here_o quote_v we_o shall_v speak_v more_o in_o the_o next_o chapter_n then_o it_o follow_v we_o according_a to_o the_o true_a sens_fw-fr of_o the_o hebrew_n and_o this_o shall_v be_v your_o north-border_n from_o the_o great_a sea_n you_o shall_v point_v out_o for_o you_o mount_v hor._n and_o a_o little_a far_o speak_v of_o the_o east-quarter_n its_o border_n shall_v descend_v and_o shall_v reach_v unto_o the_o side_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o chinnereth_n eastward_o and_o the_o border_n shall_v go_v down_o again_o to_o jordan_n and_o the_o go_n out_o of_o it_o shall_v be_v at_o the_o salt_n sea_n this_o shall_v be_v your_o land_n with_o the_o coast_n thereof_o round_o about_o which_o be_v repeat_v almost_o word_n for_o word_n in_o the_o distribution_n that_o be_v make_v by_o etc._n joshua_n and_o in_o another_o place_n of_o holy_a scripture_n the_o bound_n of_o the_o dominion_n be_v say_v to_o be_v 44._o from_o sea_n to_o sea_n but_o suppose_v at_o last_o it_o be_v grant_v that_o the_o sea_n come_v not_o into_o those_o more_o ancient_a distribution_n of_o territory_n than_o it_o remain_n next_o to_o be_v consider_v whether_o they_o may_v not_o lawful_o be_v acquire_v afterward_o by_o title_n of_o occupation_n as_o thing_n vacant_a and_o derelict_n that_o be_v either_o by_o the_o natural_a or_o divine_a universal_a law_n which_o be_v permissive_a or_o by_o the_o law_n of_o divers_a nation_n common_a or_o civil_a which_o in_o judge_a matter_n of_o this_o nature_n be_v the_o best_a interpreter_n of_o the_o natural_a law_n which_o be_v permissive_a for_o if_o in_o the_o permissive_a which_o be_v universal_a nothing_o be_v repugnant_a thereto_o or_o which_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n all_o one_o if_o by_o the_o positive_a law_n of_o nation_n such_o a_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o we_o intend_v have_v be_v introduce_v and_o admit_v by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o more_o famous_a age_n and_o nation_n then_o i_o suppose_v it_o will_v not_o be_v doubt_v but_o that_o the_o sea_n be_v by_o all_o manner_n of_o law_n every_o way_n capable_a of_o private_a dominion_n as_o be_v the_o land_n that_o the_o law_n of_o god_n or_o the_o divine_a oracle_n of_o holy_a scripture_n do_v allow_v a_o private_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o that_o the_o wide_a ocean_n also_o which_o wash_v the_o western_a coast_n of_o the_o holy_a land_n or_o at_o least_o a_o considerable_a part_n of_o it_o be_v according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o such_o as_o be_v learn_v in_o the_o jewish_a law_n annex_v to_o the_o land_n of_o israël_n by_o the_o assignation_n or_o appointment_n of_o god_n himself_o chap._n vi_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v here_o the_o law_n of_o god_n we_o find_v very_o plain_a passage_n therein_o which_o do_v not_o a_o little_a favour_n a_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o that_o first_o and_o most_o ancient_a donation_n of_o thing_n after_o the_o flood_n whereby_o god_n invest_v noah_n and_o his_o posterity_n in_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n of_o which_o globe_n the_o sea_n themselves_o be_v a_o part_n and_o of_o the_o conterminous_a aër_fw-la seem_v to_o be_v no_o otherwise_o grant_v then_o as_o mention_v iâ—_n make_v of_o the_o live_a creature_n the_o earth_n and_o the_o fowl_n of_o the_o aër_fw-la that_o be_v by_o a_o express_a grant_n of_o the_o free_a use_n and_o benefit_n of_o the_o thing_n the_o thing_n itself_o be_v grant_v or_o confer_v nor_o be_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n otherwise_o grant_v there_o where_o it_o be_v say_v 2._o the_o fear_n of_o you_o and_o the_o dread_n of_o you_o which_o be_v term_n signify_v dominion_n shall_v be_v also_o all_o the_o fish_n of_o the_o sea_n little_a different_a from_o this_o be_v that_o which_o be_v speak_v to_o our_o first_o parent_n 28._o replenish_v the_o earth_n and_o subdue_v it_o and_o have_v dominion_n over_o the_o fish_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o over_o the_o fowl_n of_o the_o aër_fw-la and_o over_o every_o live_a thing_n that_o move_v upon_o the_o earth_n so_o here_o also_o the_o grant_n of_o the_o thing_n itself_o be_v signify_v by_o its_o use_n and_o enjoiment_n it_o be_v confess_v it_o that_o these_o word_n be_v not_o mean_v of_o private_a dominion_n or_o that_o which_o be_v not_o common_a to_o all_o man_n but_o yet_o it_o appear_v thereby_o the_o earth_n and_o sea_n do_v so_o pass_v together_o at_o first_o and_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n into_o the_o common_a enjoiment_n of_o mankind_n that_o from_o this_o donation_n or_o grant_v of_o god_n we_o may_v well_o conclude_v that_o their_o condition_n as_o be_v both_o but_o one_o globe_n must_v needs_o be_v alike_o at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o man_n in_o the_o future_a distribution_n of_o thing_n or_o the_o introduce_v of_o private_a dominion_n therein_o neither_o be_v the_o propriety_n nor_o the_o community_n of_o either_o appoint_v but_o both_o seem_v equal_o permit_v by_o the_o very_a
unto_o they_o by_o god_n and_o therefore_o that_o those_o precept_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o that_o vast_a ocean_n as_o in_o the_o territory_n of_o israël_n the_o chief_a author_n of_o this_o opinion_n be_v a_o ancient_a and_o very_a famous_a interpreter_n of_o the_o law_n by_o name_n rabbi_n jehuda_n who_o also_o from_o the_o express_a word_n of_o the_o holy_a law_n abovementioned_a conclud'_v that_o the_o western_a ocean_n thus_o bound_v on_o both_o side_n be_v assign_v his_o doctrine_n be_v deliver_v after_o this_o manner_n as_o we_o find_v it_o in_o the_o most_o ancient_a digest_v of_o the_o jewish_a law_n 4._o whatsoëver_o lie_v direct_o opposite_a to_o the_o land_n of_o israël_n it_o be_v of_o the_o same_o account_n with_o the_o land_n of_o israël_n according_a as_o it_o be_v write_v 6._o as_o for_o your_o west-border_n let_v your_o border_n be_v or_o you_o shall_v have_v the_o great_a sea_n also_o let_v this_o be_v a_o border_n to_o you_o or_o your_o border_n to_o wit_n the_o border_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o of_o the_o west_n also_o the_o collateral_a island_n situate_v on_o both_o side_n in_o the_o same_o direct_a line_n fall_v under_o the_o same_o account_n with_o the_o side_n themselves_o so_o that_o if_o a_o line_n be_v draw_v from_o cephaloria_n through_o the_o isle_n to_o the_o main_a ocean_n and_o from_o the_o river_n of_o egypt_n to_o the_o ocean_n then_o that_o which_o be_v within_o the_o line_n be_v to_o be_v take_v for_o the_o territory_n of_o israël_n and_o that_o which_o lie_v without_o the_o line_n to_o be_v out_o of_o the_o dominion_n of_o israël_n the_o line_n draw_v from_o cephaloria_n be_v direct_v by_o the_o promontory_n of_o mount_n hor_n or_o amanus_n as_o be_v say_v before_o for_o that_o city_n be_v seat_v on_o the_o top_n of_o that_o mountain_n which_o be_v here_o the_o north-east_n border_n as_o it_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o gloss_n upon_o the_o place_n allege_v and_o in_o many_o other_o there_o also_o this_o opinion_n be_v thus_o explain_v according_a to_o this_o opinion_n of_o rabbi_n jehuda_n all_o that_o sea_n which_o lie_v opposite_a to_o the_o length_n of_o the_o land_n of_o israël_n even_o to_o the_o main_a ocean_n westward_o where_o the_o world_n it_o be_v self_n be_v bound_v be_v to_o be_v reckon_v within_o the_o territory_n or_o dominion_n of_o israël_n even_o as_o it_o be_v write_v the_o great_a sea_n and_o your_o border_n the_o whole_a place_n we_o give_v you_o a_o little_a before_o out_o of_o number_n where_o be_v your_o border_n be_v add_v the_o more_o full_o and_o plain_o to_o intimate_v that_o the_o great_a and_o wide_a sea_n be_v contain_v also_o within_o its_o border_n and_o it_o follow_v we_o there_o thus_o between_o those_o little_a cord_n or_o line_n direct_v as_o we_o say_v on_o both_o side_n to_o the_o main_a sea_n there_o be_v island_n belong_v to_o the_o territory_n of_o israël_n the_o island_n and_o water_n have_v both_o the_o same_o law_n etc._n etc._n hence_o also_o the_o ordinary_a jewish_a gloss_n upon_o those_o word_n in_o number_n and_o you_o shall_v have_v the_o great_a sea_n say_v the_o isle_n that_o be_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o sea_n even_o they_o also_o be_v part_n of_o the_o bind_v or_o border_n but_o the_o jewish_a paraphrase_n be_v more_o plain_a there_o and_o let_v your_o border_n be_v the_o great_a sea_n that_o be_v the_o main_a ocean_n and_o its_o isle_n and_o city_n and_o ship_n with_o the_o principal_a water_n that_o be_v in_o it_o nor_o be_v it_o upon_o any_o other_o ground_n that_o 34._o rabbi_n aben-ezra_n 3._o rabbi_n bâ—chai_n and_o other_o conceive_v so_o great_a a_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n do_v belong_v to_o the_o israëlite_n by_o this_o assignation_n that_o they_o interpret_v the_o great_a sea_n also_o to_o reach_v through_o the_o sea_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v the_o spanish_a sea_n distant_a so_o many_o mile_n westward_o from_o the_o continent_n of_o israël_n in_o both_o the_o forename_a place_n the_o word_n be_v the_o great_a sea_n to_o wit_n the_o spanish_a and_o your_o border_n as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v say_v the_o great_a sea_n shall_v be_v your_o possession_n which_o of_o itself_o also_o be_v your_o border_n but_o in_o the_o mean_a while_o it_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v that_o the_o whole_a western_a ocean_n as_o far_o as_o the_o narrow_a channel_n of_o cadiz_n be_v by_o the_o arabian_n and_o so_o by_o the_o modern_a jew_n who_o be_v their_o disciple_n indifferent_o call_v the_o roman_a sea_n mare_n al-shem_a or_o the_o sea_n of_o damascus_n that_o be_v the_o syrian_a sea_n mare_n al-andalús_a or_o the_o spanish_a and_o last_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n the_o whole_a be_v denominate_v from_o the_o coast_n of_o some_o particular_a country_n as_o it_o may_v be_v clear_o collect_v both_o out_o of_o the_o nubian_n geographie_n as_o also_o out_o of_o the_o geographical_a abridgement_n of_o oxoniensi_fw-la abu_n elchasen_n hali_n a_o arabian_a but_o this_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o the_o name_n of_o the_o spanish_a sea_n have_v be_v use_v here_o by_o the_o rabbin_n not_o from_o such_o a_o promiscuous_a or_o common_a denomination_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o according_a to_o the_o explanation_n of_o such_o a_o ancient_a assignation_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o israël_n as_o we_o have_v mention_v and_o so_o this_o first_o opinion_n will_v have_v the_o whole_a western_a ocean_n as_o far_o as_o the_o strait_n of_o cadiz_n which_o the_o ancient_n think_v the_o utmost_a bind_v of_o the_o world_n to_o be_v reckon_v for_o that_o part_n of_o the_o territory_n of_o israël_n which_o be_v include_v within_o the_o line_n draw_v from_o the_o promontory_n of_o mount_n hor_n or_o amanus_n and_o the_o entrance_n of_o pelusium_n into_o the_o west_n but_o by_o the_o other_o opinion_n which_o seem_v much_o more_o agreeable_a to_o reason_n it_o be_v determine_v that_o the_o divine_a assignation_n of_o the_o territory_n of_o israël_n be_v comprehend_v indeed_o within_o more_o narrow_a bound_n of_o this_o sea_n but_o yet_o sea-room_n large_a enough_o so_o that_o according_a to_o this_o opinion_n the_o north_n and_o south-border_n do_v end_n at_o the_o very_a shore_n or_o at_o the_o utmost_a point_n of_o the_o say_a promontory_n north-east_n and_o at_o the_o entrance_n of_o pelusium_n towards_o the_o south_n not_o stretch_v any_o far_o into_o the_o west_n but_o indeed_o the_o autor_n of_o this_o opinion_n will_v have_v a_o straight_a line_n draw_v from_o that_o promontory_n to_o the_o entrance_n of_o pelusium_n to_o wit_n from_o the_o north-east_n into_o the_o south_n thereby_o to_o limit_v and_o bound_v the_o western_a part_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o israël_n so_o that_o what_o portion_n soëver_o either_o of_o the_o sea_n or_o the_o isle_n shall_v be_v comprehend_v within_o such_o a_o line_n or_o lie_v on_o the_o east_n side_n of_o it_o the_o whole_a be_v to_o be_v reckon_v a_o part_n of_o the_o territory_n of_o israël_n as_o well_o as_o any_o coast_n upon_o the_o continent_n or_o main_n land_n and_o so_o after_o this_o manner_n the_o aforesaid_a line_n include_v within_o the_o nook_n and_o wind_n of_o the_o shore_n of_o that_o territory_n possess_v by_o the_o tribe_n of_o asher_n ephraim_n dan_n zabulon_n and_o simeon_n be_v situate_a before_o very_o large_a space_n of_o of_o the_o sea_n for_o above_o two_o hundred_o mile_n and_o suppose_v to_o be_v of_o the_o same_o account_n with_o the_o shore_n itself_o in_o the_o digest_v of_o the_o jewish_a law_n this_o opinion_n be_v explain_v thus_o 8._o that_o it_o may_v be_v know_v what_o come_v under_o the_o name_n of_o the_o territory_n of_o israël_n and_o what_o be_v to_o be_v reckon_v out_o of_o that_o territory_n as_o to_o the_o north-east_n and_o western_a bound_n whatsoëver_o be_v stretch_v forth_o on_o this_o side_n and_o within_o mount_n amanus_n be_v the_o territory_n of_o israël_n and_o that_o which_o be_v place_v beyond_o that_o mountain_n be_v without_o this_o territory_n and_o so_o by_o the_o same_o reason_n it_o be_v to_o be_v determine_v touch_v the_o isle_n of_o the_o sea_n that_o be_v seat_v over_o against_o that_o mountain_n let_v a_o small_a cord_n or_o line_n be_v draw_v over_o those_o island_n from_o mount_n amanus_n to_o the_o river_n of_o egypt_n that_o be_v contain_v within_o the_o line_n be_v the_o territory_n of_o israël_n but_o that_o which_o lie_v without_o the_o line_n be_v no_o part_n of_o that_o territory_n with_o this_o agree'_v that_o of_o ezekiel_n concern_v the_o sea-coast_n of_o the_o holy_a land_n after_o he_o have_v describe_v the_o south_n part_n which_o be_v near_o the_o sea_n 20._o the_o west_n side_n also_o shall_v be_v the_o great_a sea_n from_o the_o border_n till_o a_o man_n come_v over_o against_o hamath_n this_o be_v the_o west_n
or_o seaside_n or_o coast._n the_o vulgar_a read'_v it_o thus_o the_o great_a sea_n also_o shall_v be_v its_o sea-border_n straight_o along_o from_o the_o border_n till_o you_o come_v to_o emath_n this_o be_v the_o seaside_n which_o the_o greek_n render_v thus_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d this_o part_n be_v south_n and_o south-west_n according_a to_o the_o translation_n of_o the_o foregoing_a word_n then_o according_a to_o what_o have_v be_v allege_v out_o of_o the_o hebrew_n it_o follow_v we_o in_o the_o greek_a this_o be_v part_n or_o this_o divide_n part_n of_o the_o great_a sea_n until_o a_o man_n come_v over_o against_o the_o entrance_n which_o lead_v to_o hemath_n even_o to_o the_o entrance_n thereof_o these_o be_v they_o which_o lie_v near_o the_o sea_n of_o hemath_n so_o that_o every_o translation_n speak_v to_o the_o same_o purpose_n but_o that_o which_o we_o have_v add_v to_o the_o hebrew_n agree'_v both_o with_o the_o chaldee_n paraphrase_n and_o the_o exposition_n of_o the_o spanish_a jew_n moreover_o solomon_n jarchius_n expound_n it_n there_o after_o this_o manner_n according_a to_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o ancient_n from_o the_o south-corner_n for_o so_o he_o interpret_n this_o word_n from_o the_o border_n which_o be_v the_o river_n of_o egypt_n till_o a_o man_n come_v over_o against_o the_o entrance_n which_o lead_v to_o hamath_n that_o be_v to_o the_o corner_n situate_v under_o the_o northwest_o which_o be_v the_o very_a mount_n hor_n over_o against_o the_o entrance_n unto_o hamath_n for_o hamath_n be_v seat_v on_o the_o northwest_n side_n near_o mount_n hor._n and_o so_o that_o which_o be_v cut_v off_o here_o by_o the_o border_n in_o a_o strait_a line_n as_o the_o vulgar_a have_v it_o draw_v from_o the_o entrance_n of_o nilus_n to_o the_o promontory_n of_o mount_n hor_n conte_v no_o small_a portion_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o assign_v unto_o israël_n and_o this_o late_a opinion_n be_v the_o better_o receive_v whereby_o only_o the_o near_a part_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v by_o god_n appointment_n conceive_v to_o be_v in_o the_o very_a same_o condition_n with_o the_o continent_n as_o appear_v not_o only_o out_o of_o the_o more_o ancient_a digest_v or_o both_o volume_n of_o the_o talmud_n but_o also_o by_o the_o testimony_n of_o those_o most_o learned_a rabbin_n 1._o moses_n maimonides_n and_o 133._o moses_n cotzensis_n beside_o other_o of_o a_o less_o account_n who_o in_o express_a term_n embrace_v it_o also_o according_a to_o both_o these_o opinion_n that_o be_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n of_o sufficient_a authority_n which_o be_v deliver_v in_o general_a term_n touch_v the_o beyond-sea_n province_n by_o 1._o solomon_n jarchius_n 554._o rabbenu_fw-fr nissim_n tob._n obadiah_n bartenorius_n and_o other_o to_o wit_n that_o whatsoëver_o lie_v without_o the_o territory_n of_o israël_n that_o whole_a province_n or_o city_n be_v often_o comprise_v under_o the_o notion_n of_o the_o sea_n except_o babylon_n after_o the_o example_n of_o the_o sea-province_n situate_v afar_o off_o in_o the_o west_n without_o the_o line_n draw_v according_a to_o this_o or_o the_o other_o opinion_n the_o mediterranean_a province_n and_o city_n also_o which_o be_v â—eated_v in_o other_o remote_a part_n without_o the_o border_n of_o israël_n have_v in_o stead_n of_o be_v call_v a_o strange_a land_n be_v term_v the_o province_n or_o city_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o point_n be_v very_o well_o handle_v by_o rabbenu_fw-fr nissim_n in_o the_o former_a place_n but_o as_o these_o which_o be_v seat_v without_o their_o territory_n in_o the_o continent_n be_v only_o by_o the_o say_a custom_n of_o speech_n call_v city_n of_o the_o sea_n so_o also_o it_o be_v clear_a by_o what_o we_o have_v show_v you_o that_o according_a to_o the_o same_o way_n of_o speak_v it_o be_v grant_v that_o other_o city_n also_o within_o their_o territory_n be_v seat_v in_o the_o very_a sea_n and_o so_o at_o length_n from_o both_o the_o opinion_n here_o recite_v we_o have_v sufficient_o prove_v that_o such_o a_o exposition_n of_o the_o divine_a assignation_n be_v receive_v by_o the_o ancient_a interpreter_n of_o the_o jewish_a law_n to_o who_o that_o assignation_n be_v make_v that_o they_o make_v no_o doubt_n but_o the_o sea_n be_v every_o jot_n as_o capable_a of_o private_a dominion_n as_o the_o land_n and_o so_o reckon_v those_o island_n place_v in_o the_o neighbour_a sea_n as_o belong_v to_o the_o territory_n of_o israël_n because_o of_o their_o dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n that_o do_v flow_v between_o they_o nor_o do_v it_o hinder_v at_o all_o that_o in_o their_o assignation_n or_o distribution_n we_o so_o often_o find_v this_o particle_n usque_fw-la ad_fw-la mare_fw-la unto_o the_o sea_n as_o appear_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n or_o that_o the_o sea_n be_v their_o border_n for_o the_o word_n usque_fw-la until_o or_o unto_o be_v not_o only_o often_o senatoribus_fw-la inclusive_a but_o also_o the_o border_n or_o limit_n themselves_o be_v 23._o many_o time_n all_o one_o with_o the_o thing_n limit_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o all_o bound_n that_o be_v bound_v touch_v which_o particular_a both_o the_o canonist_n and_o civilian_n be_v very_o copious_a as_o also_o the_o jew_n in_o those_o other_o particular_n already_o mention_v and_o therefore_o we_o conclude_v out_o of_o the_o premise_n that_o neither_o the_o divine_a law_n which_o be_v universal_a nor_o the_o positive_a as_o it_o appear_v in_o scripture_n to_o be_v imperative_a or_o to_o have_v a_o command_n over_o some_o certain_a nation_n for_o there_o be_v a_o true_a picture_n of_o the_o imperative_a law_n in_o the_o aforesaid_a distribution_n of_o bound_n do_v oppose_v a_o private_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o that_o both_o of_o they_o do_v sufficient_o allow_v it_o and_o afford_v also_o very_o clear_a example_n of_o such_o a_o dominion_n if_o we_o may_v believ_n the_o jew_n themselves_o in_o the_o next_o place_n then_o let_v we_o consider_v what_o be_v yet_o behind_o of_o the_o law_n natural_a and_o of_o nation_n that_o the_o natural-permissive_a law_n whereof_o any_o use_n may_v be_v in_o this_o place_n be_v to_o be_v derive_v out_o of_o the_o custom_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o more_o civilise_a and_o more_o noble_a nation_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a chap._n vii_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v here_o the_o law_n natural_a as_o one_o head_n of_o the_o universal_a or_o primitive_a law_n of_o nation_n in_o our_o former_a division_n of_o the_o law_n common_o derive_v from_o a_o right_n and_o discreet_a use_n of_o reason_n that_o it_o do_v in_o no_o wise_n gainsay_v a_o private_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o plain_o permit_v it_o we_o shall_v prove_v hereby_o because_o by_o the_o positive_a law_n of_o nation_n of_o every_o kind_n which_o be_v humane_a for_o we_o have_v already_o speak_v of_o the_o divine_a to_o wit_n as_o well_o by_o the_o law_n civil_a or_o domestic_a of_o divers_a nation_n as_o the_o common_a law_n of_o divers_a nation_n whether_o it_o be_v intervenient_a or_o imperative_a that_o be_v to_o say_v by_o the_o custom_n of_o almost_o all_o and_o the_o more_o noble_a nation_n that_o be_v know_v to_o we_o such_o a_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v every_o where_o admit_v it_o be_v not_o indeed_o to_o be_v deny_v that_o a_o right_a use_n of_o humane_a reason_n which_o usual_o serve_v as_o a_o index_n of_o the_o natural_a law_n can_v well_o be_v gather_v from_o the_o custom_n of_o several_a nation_n about_o thing_n divine_a or_o such_o as_o relate_v unto_o divine_a worship_n nor_o be_v the_o point_n either_o of_o the_o obligatorie_n or_o permissive_a kind_n of_o natural_a law_n relate_v thereunto_o to_o be_v thence_o determine_v for_o it_o have_v be_v the_o common_a custom_n of_o man_n in_o all_o age_n and_o throughout_o all_o part_n of_o the_o know_a world_n to_o conclude_v of_o such_o matter_n either_o without_o exact_a and_o convenient_a examination_n or_o else_o for_o the_o serve_v of_o their_o own_o interest_n or_o else_o to_o suit_n with_o the_o humour_n and_o disposition_n of_o the_o people_n who_o they_o be_v to_o rule_v and_o keep_v in_o order_n as_o do_v the_o pagan_n mahometan_n and_o other_o of_o that_o sort_n as_o well_o modern_a as_o ancient_a and_o therefore_o antisthenes_n of_o old_a teach_v well_o and_o bold_o at_o athens_n 1._o as_o many_o other_o philosopher_n have_v do_v populares_fw-la deos_fw-la esse_fw-la multos_fw-la sed_fw-la naturalem_fw-la unum_fw-la esse_fw-la that_o there_o be_v many_o national_a god_n and_o but_o one_o natural_a contrary_a to_o what_o the_o most_o usual_a practice_n of_o man_n and_o custom_n have_v introduce_v among_o the_o ordinary_a sort_n of_o people_n so_o that_o as_o of_o old_a in_o the_o jewish_a church_n so_o also_o in_o the_o christian_a the_o use_n of_o humane_a reason_n among_o the_o vulgar_a though_o free_a in_o other_o thing_n yet_o
those_o trifle_n whereby_o the_o vulgar_a suffer_v themselves_o with_o patience_n to_o be_v cozen_v touch_v the_o heaven_n or_o sky_n the_o kingdom_n of_o hell_n or_o of_o the_o dead_a and_o of_o the_o whole_a earth_n be_v common_a after_o this_o division_n to_o all_o the_o â—_o brother_n some_o of_o the_o ancient_n have_v teach_v that_o the_o truth_n itself_o which_o lie_v couch_v in_o this_o fable_n be_v quite_o another_o thing_n they_o say_v these_o be_v not_o god_n but_o man_n also_o that_o jupiter_n be_v not_o king_n of_o heaven_n but_o of_o the_o eastern_a part_n from_o whence_o the_o light_n first_o dawn_n upon_o mortal_a man_n by_o which_o mean_v also_o it_o seem_v the_o high_a part_n and_o therefore_o be_v call_v heaven_n and_o that_o pluto_n be_v king_n of_o the_o west_n which_o point_v at_o the_o sun_n be_v set_v and_o night_n from_o whence_o it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v low_a and_o hell_n last_o that_o neptune_n be_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o isle_n scatter_v therein_o thus_o it_o appear_v here_o that_o a_o private_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n no_o otherwise_o then_o of_o the_o land_n arise_v from_o humane_a distribution_n and_o that_o the_o case_n stand_v thus_o it_o be_v affirm_v long_o since_o by_o euhemerus_n messenius_n a_o old_a author_n in_o his_o history_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o those_o man_n who_o be_v suppose_v god_n record_v and_o translate_v by_o ennius_n for_o lactantius_n say_v thus_o citato_fw-la concern_v the_o lot_n or_o share_n of_o neptune_n it_o be_v manifest_a i_o say_v that_o his_o kingdom_n be_v such_o as_o be_v that_o unlimited_a command_n of_o cneius_n pompeius_n who_o by_o decree_n of_o the_o senate_n have_v authority_n give_v he_o over_o all_o the_o sea-coast_n for_o suppress_v pirate_n and_o scour_v the_o whole_a sea_n thus_o all_o thing_n belong_v to_o the_o sea_n with_o its_o island_n fall_v by_o lot_n unto_o neptune_n but_o how_o may_v it_o be_v prove_v to_o wit_n by_o ancient_a history_n euhemerus_n a_o old_a author_n who_o be_v of_o the_o city_n of_o messina_n have_v collect_v the_o affair_n and_o achievement_n of_o jupiter_n and_o other_o that_o be_v repute_v god_n and_o compile_v a_o history_n of_o thâ—se_a sacred_a title_n and_o inscription_n that_o be_v find_v in_o the_o most_o ancient_a temple_n and_o especial_o in_o the_o temple_n of_o jupiter_n of_o triphylia_n where_o a_o golden_a pillar_n be_v place_v by_o jupiter_n himself_o as_o appear_v by_o the_o inscription_n upon_o which_o pillar_n he_o write_v his_o own_o action_n that_o it_o may_v remain_v a_o monument_n of_o his_o affair_n unto_o posterity_n this_o history_n ennius_n do_v both_o translate_v and_o follow_v who_o word_n be_v these_o jupiter_z grant_n the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n unto_o neptune_n that_o he_o may_v reign_v over_o all_o the_o island_n and_o all_o place_n near_o the_o sea_n but_o both_o the_o translation_n of_o ennius_n and_o the_o commentary_n themselves_o of_o euhemerus_n be_v utter_o lose_v nor_o be_v it_o to_o be_v think_v that_o they_o be_v lose_v without_o the_o knowledge_n and_o design_n of_o the_o chief_a priest_n of_o jupiter_n and_o other_o deity_n for_o doubtless_o whatsoever_o have_v be_v write_v touch_v the_o original_n of_o the_o god_n be_v so_o much_o the_o more_o odious_a by_o how_o much_o the_o more_o it_o do_v lay_v they_o open_a and_o discover_v that_o those_o great_a name_n which_o be_v magnify_v in_o their_o chapel_n and_o temple_n be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o list_n either_o of_o great_a king_n or_o hero_n and_o obtrude_v upon_o the_o credulous_a vulgar_a for_o from_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o euhemerus_n with_o diagoras_n and_o some_o other_o be_v brand_v a_o atheist_n who_o be_v use_v as_o a_o singular_a author_n not_o only_o by_o lactantius_n but_o also_o by_o clemens_n alexandrinus_n eusebius_n augustin_n arnobius_n and_o other_o to_o who_o we_o know_v very_o great_a credit_n be_v give_v in_o those_o argument_n that_o be_v piece_v together_o against_o the_o vain_a theology_n of_o the_o heathen_a it_o be_v i_o suppose_v the_o same_o man_n that_o be_v call_v by_o plutarch_n 7._o tegeata_n when_o he_o be_v rank_v in_o the_o same_o form_n with_o diagoras_n but_o he_o be_v by_o the_o same_o author_n call_v messenius_n when_o as_o be_v very_o obstinate_a in_o the_o osiride_n superstition_n of_o his_o ancestor_n he_o brand_n he_o as_o a_o great_a patron_n of_o imposture_n and_o be_v induce_v it_o seem_v by_o hatred_n against_o euhemerus_n he_o conceit_n be_v there_o never_o be_v any_o such_o nation_n as_o the_o triphylians_n or_o panchaeans_n whereas_o panchaea_n be_v a_o island_n situate_v about_o arabia_n in_o the_o more_o southern_a ocean_n wherein_o euhemerus_n place_v the_o temple_n of_o jupiter_n triphylius_fw-la from_o whence_o that_o story_n touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v take_v true_o 11._o diodorus_n use_v he_o also_o as_o a_o grave_a author_n a_o late_a lawyer_n also_o make_v we_o use_v of_o that_o neptune_n in_o homer_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o of_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v distribute_v by_o lot_n i_o have_v take_v the_o sea_n for_o my_o share_n that_o i_o may_v dwell_v therein_o for_o ever_o so_o he_o translate_n it_o that_o he_o may_v with_o the_o more_o confidence_n take_v the_o whole_a matter_n relate_v concern_v the_o three_o deity_n as_o mean_v of_o noah_n three_o son_n his_o word_n be_v these_o 75._o id_fw-la proculdubio_fw-la ex_fw-la partitione_n terrarum_fw-la inter_fw-la tres_fw-la filios_fw-la noachi_n ex_fw-la quibus_fw-la japheto_fw-la insulae_fw-la obvenerunt_fw-la causam_fw-la traxit_fw-la it_o may_v without_o question_n be_v prove_v from_o that_o partition_n of_o land_n which_o be_v make_v verwixt_n noah_n three_o son_n whereby_o the_o isle_n of_o the_o sea_n fall_v to_o japhet_n so_o that_o in_o that_o fable_n he_o will_v have_v 10._o the_o dominion_n not_o only_o of_o the_o isle_n but_o also_o of_o the_o sea_n to_o be_v assign_v unto_o japhet_n but_o that_o which_o lactantius_n say_v touch_v the_o unlimited_a command_n of_o pompey_n as_o parallel_v to_o the_o example_n of_o neptune_n dominion_n it_o be_v so_o to_o be_v understand_v that_o regard_n be_v have_v also_o as_o well_o of_o those_o that_o give_v the_o command_n to_o pompey_n as_o of_o he_o to_o who_o the_o command_n be_v give_v as_o for_o instance_n the_o cilician_o have_v infest_a the_o sea_n as_o florus_n say_v and_o have_v spoil_v commerce_n behave_v themselves_o like_o enemy_n of_o mankind_n they_o shut_v up_o the_o sea_n with_o war_n as_o it_o be_v a_o tempest_n therefore_o the_o roman_n have_v a_o special_a eye_n to_o their_o provision_n of_o corn_n do_v by_o a_o decree_n of_o the_o senate_n procure_v by_o gabinius_n send_v out_o pompey_n to_o mithridaticis_fw-la free_v the_o sea_n from_o pirate_n and_o there_o be_v grant_v unto_o he_o by_o that_o decree_n a_o command_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o lie_v within_o hercules_n pillar_n and_o also_o of_o the_o continent_n about_o 400_o furlong_n from_o the_o sea_n hereupon_o be_v master_n of_o a_o huge_a navy_n and_o have_v dispose_v divers_a lieutenant_n through_o all_o part_n of_o his_o command_n he_o so_o scour_v the_o whole_a sea_n from_o the_o strait_n of_o cadiz_n to_o the_o cilician_n shore_n 36._o that_o none_o be_v able_a to_o stand_v before_o he_o either_o by_o sea_n or_o land_n certain_o pompey_n have_v a_o commission_n only_o as_o admiral_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n as_o paterculus_n say_v mark_v antony_n have_v the_o like_a about_o two_o year_n before_o but_o that_o people_n which_o entrust_v he_o be_v lord_n of_o this_o sea_n as_o the_o roman_a territory_n as_o well_o as_o of_o those_o 400_o furlong_n of_o the_o continent_n which_o be_v join_v alike_o with_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o grant_n of_o that_o commission_n though_o no_o more_o liable_a to_o dominion_n then_o the_o sea_n itself_o florus_n say_v also_o 6._o that_o tiberius_n nero_n who_o be_v one_o of_o pompey'es_n lieutenant_n block_v up_o the_o strait_n of_o cadiz_n at_o the_o first_o entrance_n of_o our_o sea_n he_o be_v a_o roman_a right_o call_v it_o our_o sea_n as_o also_o jugurthino_n sallust_n do_v more_o than_o once_o because_o it_o be_v so_o whole_o subdue_v under_o the_o roman_a power_n and_o dio_n cassius_n he_o scour_v the_o whole_a sea_n which_o be_v under_o the_o roman_a obedience_n and_o say_v mela_n of_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n all_o that_o sea_n whencesoëver_o it_o flow'_v or_o whithersoëver_o it_o spread'_v itself_o be_v call_v by_o one_o name_n our_o sea_n so_o it_o be_v call_v likewise_o by_o other_o 2._o and_o mela_n use_v the_o name_n our_o sea_n very_o often_o afterward_o but_o more_o of_o this_o hereafter_o where_o we_o treat_v more_o large_o concern_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o roman_n by_o sea_n nor_o do_v pompey_n commission_n extend_v only_o
against_o those_o pirate_n as_o enemy_n of_o humane_a society_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o we_o see_v commission_n daily_o grant_v against_o pirate_n that_o rob_v and_o spoil_v in_o any_o sea_n not_o yet_o possess_v but_o that_o very_a sea-territorie_n which_o the_o cilician_o have_v invade_v be_v recover_v by_o arms._n from_o whence_o 4._o manilius_n break_v his_o forth_o in_o a_o poetical_a rapture_n quis_fw-la te_fw-la niliaco_n peritarum_fw-la littore_fw-la magne_n post_fw-la victas_fw-la mithridatis_n open_v pelagúsque_fw-la receptum_fw-la crederet_fw-la who_o will_v have_v think_v great_a pompey_n when_o for_o rome_n thou_o mithridates_n force_n have_v o'recom_v and_o do_v from_o pirate_n hand_n the_o sea_n restore_v thou_o shall_v have_v perish'ton_a the_o egyptian_a shore_n therefore_o lactantius_n ought_v not_o so_o much_o to_o have_v resemble_v neptune_n to_o pompey_n as_o to_z the_o people_n of_o rome_n in_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n other_o matter_n there_o be_v in_o the_o fabulous_a time_n which_o be_v speak_v of_o the_o god_n may_v seem_v to_o show_v what_o opinion_n the_o ancient_n be_v of_o touch_v the_o right_a and_o custom_n of_o man_n in_o this_o particular_a for_o when_o they_o clothe_v their_o god_n with_o the_o person_n of_o man_n they_o common_o speak_v such_o thing_n of_o they_o as_o belong_v unto_o man_n from_o whence_o hâ—siod_n say_v jupiter_n grant_v unto_o hecate_n that_o she_o shall_v possess_v part_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o well_o as_o the_o land_n hereunto_o also_o belong_v that_o of_o oppianus_n concern_v 1._o amphitrite_n be_v make_v queen_n of_o the_o sea_n by_o neptune_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d he_o constitute_v her_o queen_n of_o the_o sea_n also_o nonnus_n 34._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d beroë_n have_v the_o empire_n or_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n instance_n of_o this_o kind_n be_v innumerable_a and_o therefore_o thus_o much_o concern_v the_o fabulous_a time_n the_o first_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n among_o the_o greek_n in_o the_o historical_a age_n that_o be_v the_o dominion_n of_o king_n minos_n or_o the_o cretan_a chap._n ix_o the_o former_a part_n of_o the_o historical_a time_n or_o that_o which_o comprehend'_v kingdom_n and_o commonweal_n which_o expire_v some_o age_n since_o we_o begin_v from_o the_o empire_n of_o the_o cretan_n at_o sea_n afterward_o we_o trace_v a_o catalogue_n not_o only_o of_o very_o many_o people_n of_o old_a greece_n and_o other_o nation_n famous_a heretofore_o in_o the_o east_n of_o like_a command_n and_o dominion_n in_o the_o syrian_a egyptian_a pamphilian_a lydian_a and_o aegean_a sea_n and_o the_o several_a change_n thereof_o but_o also_o we_o show_v that_o the_o dominion_n both_o of_o the_o roman_n and_o carthaginian_n in_o their_o adjoin_a sea_n as_o the_o upper_a the_o low_a the_o more_o easterly_a sea_n also_o and_o other_o of_o that_o kind_n in_o the_o west_n have_v be_v receive_v into_o custom_n as_o a_o thing_n very_o usual_a and_o agreeable_a to_o law_n i._o minos_n the_o son_n of_o lycastus_n say_v to_o be_v the_o son_n of_o jupiter_n king_n of_o candia_n crete_n possess_v the_o cretan_a sea_n on_o every_o side_n and_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o levant_n aegean_a as_o lord_n and_o sovereign_n so_o say_v thucydides_n 1._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d minos_n hold_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o greek_a sea_n as_o lord_n thereof_o so_o true_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v to_o be_v construe_v both_o here_o and_o in_o the_o follow_a instance_n nor_o be_v it_o any_o wise_a to_o be_v imagine_v that_o so_o to_o have_v command_n as_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d common_o signifie'_v can_v be_v otherwise_o mean_v than_o very_o plain_o thus_o that_o any_o one_o who_o be_v lord_n or_o at_o least_o do_v act_n as_o deputy_n or_o by_o permission_n of_o he_o who_o be_v lord_n may_v prescribe_v rule_n and_o law_n to_o the_o number_n of_o other_o man_n ship_n and_o passage_n toll_v or_o tribute_n throughout_o the_o several_a limit_n of_o the_o sea_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o when_o he_o withold_n or_o permit_n the_o use_n of_o his_o land_n to_o husbandman_n according_a to_o his_o own_o will_n and_o pleasure_n which_o in_o this_o case_n be_v all_o one_o howsoêver_o we_o be_v not_o ignorant_a that_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d sometime_o signifie'_v only_o 209._o to_o be_v strong_a and_o powerful_a in_o ship_v in_o like_a manner_n 4._o diodorus_n siculus_n 42._o nicolaus_n damascenus_n 10._o strabo_n 11._o cedrenus_n minoe_n suidas_n and_o other_o speak_v express_o and_o phaedra_n likewise_o in_o seneca_n 1._o o_o magna_fw-la vasti_fw-la creta_n dominatrix_fw-la freti_fw-la cujus_fw-la per_fw-la omne_fw-la littus_fw-la innumerae_fw-la rate_n tenuere_fw-la pontum_fw-la quicquid_fw-la assyriâ_fw-la tenus_fw-la tellure_n nereus_n pervium_fw-la rostris_fw-la secat_fw-la o_o mighty_a crect_n thou_o mistress_n of_o the_o main_a 765._o who_o many_o ship_n have_v fill_v both_o sea_n and_o shore_n as_o far_o as_o nereus_n do_v to_o ashur_n land_n plough_v out_o a_o passage_n with_o his_o stemm_n and_o oar_n and_o the_o first_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n that_o be_v the_o first_o possession_n of_o that_o part_n of_o it_o which_o be_v not_o yet_o possess_v but_o remain_v vacant_a from_o whence_o this_o kind_n of_o dominion_n do_v arise_v they_o attribute_v for_o the_o most_o part_n unto_o minos_n but_o there_o be_v a_o error_n touch_v this_o matter_n in_o jerom_n traslation_n of_o the_o chronicle_n of_o eusebius_n nor_o be_v it_o to_o be_v pass_v by_o unless_o we_o will_v careless_o neglect_v that_o which_o in_o plain_a term_n may_v seem_v to_o oppose_v the_o most_o eminent_a sovereignty_n of_o the_o sea_n among_o the_o grecian_n the_o translation_n run_v thus_o minos_n mare_fw-la obtinuit_fw-la &_o cretensibus_fw-la leges_fw-la dedit_fw-la ut_fw-la paradius_fw-la memorat_fw-la quod_fw-la plato_n falsum_fw-la esse_fw-la convincit_fw-la minos_n possess_v the_o sea_n and_o give_v law_n to_o the_o cretan_n as_o paradius_fw-la record_v which_o plato_n prove'_v to_o be_v false_o what_o then_o do_v plato_n prove_v it_o to_o be_v false_o that_o minos_n give_v law_n to_o the_o cretan_n and_o hold_v the_o command_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o that_o either_o of_o they_o be_v false_a the_o place_n be_v plain_o fall_v and_o very_a much_o corrupt_v both_o in_o the_o feign_a name_n of_o paradius_fw-la a_o author_n never_o hear_v of_o in_o any_o other_o place_n as_o also_o in_o the_o very_a translation_n of_o the_o greek_a word_n of_o eusebius_n paradius_fw-la i_o know_v not_o by_o what_o negligence_n for_o i_o will_v not_o believ_n it_o of_o jerom_n a_o pious_a and_o most_o learned_a man_n but_o perhaps_o of_o some_o smatterer_n in_o learning_n who_o presume_v to_o enlarge_v those_o brief_a summarie_a discourse_n of_o his_o in_o that_o chronicle_n do_v arise_v even_o from_o para_n dios_n that_o be_v ex_fw-la jove_n from_o jupiter_n which_o be_v find_v in_o the_o greek_a word_n of_o eusebius_n for_o there_o eusebius_n say_v temporum_fw-la minos_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d possess_v the_o sea_n and_o give_v law_n unto_o the_o cretan_n which_o he_o bring_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d from_o jupiter_n out_o of_o the_o cave_n where_o he_o have_v retire_v himself_o for_o nine_o year_n touch_v those_o law_n receive_v from_o minos_n which_o 6._o expire_v not_o before_o crete_n be_v subdue_v by_o caecilius_n metellus_n also_o concern_v his_o cave_n in_o mount_n ida_n and_o the_o nine_o year_n the_o matter_n appear_v very_o plain_a out_o of_o homer_n plato_n porphyry_n and_o other_o but_o in_o the_o greek_a of_o eusebius_n it_o immediate_o follow_v we_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o certain_o here_o signifie'_v id_fw-la quod_fw-la plato_n in_o legibus_fw-la adprobat_fw-la seu_fw-la confirmat_fw-la that_o which_o plato_n in_o his_o law_n approve'_v or_o confirm_n for_o minos_n his_o receive_n of_o of_o such_o law_n be_v the_o very_a 1._o foundation_n of_o plato_n book_n concern_v law_n so_o little_a reason_n be_v there_o it_o shall_v have_v be_v translate_v quod_fw-la plato_n falsum_fw-la esse_fw-la convincit_fw-la aut_fw-la quod_fw-la plato_n refellit_fw-la which_o plato_n prove'_v to_o be_v false_o which_o plato_n disprove'_v whereas_o notwithstanding_o that_o eminent_a man_n joseph_n scaliger_n use_v far_o less_o diligence_n here_o then_o be_v meet_v or_o then_o he_o have_v be_v wont_a to_o do_v will_v have_v the_o latter_a to_o be_v add_v in_o that_o place_n for_o howsoêver_o according_a to_o the_o meaning_n and_o more_o common_a usage_n of_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d it_o may_v seem_v right_o translate_v yet_o the_o matter_n itself_o and_o the_o other_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n do_v manifest_o prove_v our_o trans-action_n to_o be_v true_a but_o we_o read_v the_o very_a same_o too_o according_a to_o jerom_n translation_n as_o copy_v out_o by_o marianus_n scotus_n 2944._o and_o florentius_n of_o
the_o word_n appear_v sufficient_o ridiculous_a while_o they_o derive_v a_o syrian_a or_o phenician_a name_n from_o the_o greek_a fountain_n but_o the_o very_a thing_n which_o i_o suppose_v they_o will_v have_v be_v this_o that_o atergatis_n be_v queen_n or_o sovereign_a lady_n not_o only_o of_o syria_n or_o phenicia_n which_o be_v the_o sea-cost_n of_o syria_n but_o also_o of_o the_o sea_n lie_v before_o it_o in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a for_o any_o one_o to_o fish_v free_o therein_o at_o least_o not_o to_o enjoy_v the_o benefit_n of_o fish_v without_o her_o consent_n from_o whence_o it_o be_v a_o custom_n to_o consecrated_a fish_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n to_o she_o after_o she_o be_v place_v among_o â—he_n deity_n ix_o ninthly_o after_o the_o phoenicians_n the_o egyptians_n 1230._o possess_v the_o sea_n under_o their_o king_n psamnitis_n and_o bocchoris_n who_o live_v immediate_o before_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o olympiad_n mention_n be_v make_v of_o they_o also_o in_o marianus_n and_o florentius_n x._o in_o the_o ten_o place_n the_o milesian_n be_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o book_n of_o eusebius_n do_v not_o show_v the_o number_n of_o year_n but_o both_o in_o marianus_n and_o florentius_n we_o read_v that_o the_o milesian_n possess_v the_o sea_n xviii_o year_n stephanus_n concern_v city_n say_v naucratis_n a_o city_n of_o egypt_n be_v build_v 〈◊〉_d by_o the_o milesian_n then_o possess_v the_o sea_n and_o eusebius_n also_o mention_n the_o build_n of_o that_o city_n together_o with_o their_o dominion_n at_o sea_n about_o the_o time_n of_o romulus_n in_o like_a manner_n they_o build_v sinope_n seat_v by_o the_o euxine_a sea_n which_o as_o strabo_n say_v 12._o command_v that_o sea_n which_o flow'_v within_o the_o cyanean_a island_n xi_o eleventhly_o the_o 1281._o carian_o possess_v the_o sea_n their_o sea_n dominion_n be_v remember_v by_o 5._o diodorus_n siculus_n it_o be_v about_o the_o time_n of_o hezekiah_n xii_o twelfthly_o and_o next_o to_o the_o carian_o the_o lesbian_o hold_v the_o sea_n in_o possession_n 1341._o lxix_o year_n so_o it_o be_v in_o the_o latin_a of_o eusebius_n but_o marianus_n render_v it_o lviii_o year_n xiii_o thirtenth_o the_o phocean_n possess_v the_o sea_n about_o the_o captivity_n of_o babylon_n their_o dominion_n last_v xliv_o year_n so_o say_v the_o greek_a of_o eusebius_n 42._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o phocean_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n xliv_o year_n before_o which_o word_n the_o number_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o of_o twelve_o be_v prefix_v whereby_o it_o be_v signify_v that_o they_o be_v the_o twelve_o after_o the_o lydian_n and_o the_o thirteen_o from_o minos_n fourteen_o fourteenthly_o the_o corinthian_n be_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n i_o do_v not_o find_v that_o they_o be_v thus_o rank_v but_o it_o appear_v clear_o out_o of_o 1._o thucydides_n that_o they_o be_v very_o potent_a be_v sea_n and_o do_v so_o repress_v piracy_n by_o their_o strength_n in_o ship_v that_o they_o gain_v themselves_o a_o very_a large_a command_n by_o sea_n as_o well_o as_o by_o land_n the_o same_o author_n also_o mention's_n their_o extraordinary_a industry_n in_o restore_v the_o affair_n of_o navigation_n nor_o do_v time_n gainsay_v but_o that_o we_o may_v well_o place_v they_o here_o as_o also_o the_o iönians_n next_o but_o we_o do_v not_o as_o yet_o find_v that_o these_o fourteen_o and_o the_o fifteen_o be_v receive_v by_o writer_n into_o the_o catalogue_n of_o those_o who_o have_v thus_o hold_v the_o sea_n in_o possession_n xv._o fifteenth_o the_o iönians_n be_v neighbour_a lord_n of_o the_o sea_n concern_v they_o thucydides_n say_v citato_fw-la a_o good_a while_n after_o to_o wit_n after_o the_o power_n of_o the_o corinthian_n by_o sea_n the_o power_n and_o interest_n of_o navigation_n be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o iönians_n in_o the_o time_n of_o cyrus_n the_o first_o king_n of_o the_o persian_n and_o of_o his_o son_n cambyses_n and_o 〈◊〉_d contend_v also_o with_o cyrus_n they_o enjoy_v their_o own_o sea_n for_o some_o time_n where_o the_o old_a scholiast_n add'_v by_o way_n of_o observation_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o neighbour_a sea_n but_o not_o all_o xvi_o sixteenth_o the_o naxian_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n eusebius_n say_v 43._o in_o the_o fifteen_o place_n the_o naxian_o possess_v the_o sea_n ten_o year_n about_o the_o time_n of_o cambyses_n it_o be_v speak_v of_o the_o naxian_o name_v from_o the_o island_n naxos_n which_o be_v one_o of_o the_o cyclades_n or_o isle_n in_o the_o archipelago_n xvii_o seventeenth_o the_o eretrian_o succeed_v into_o this_o sea-dominion_n eusebius_n when_o he_o speak_v of_o the_o naxian_o say_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n and_o after_o they_o the_o eretrian_o in_o the_o seventeen_o place_n hold_v it_o vii_o year_n eretria_n be_v heretofore_o a_o famous_a and_o wealthy_a city_n in_o the_o island_n of_o euboea_n xviii_o and_o last_o the_o last_o or_o eighteen_o lord_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o this_o catalogue_n be_v the_o people_n of_o aegina_n the_o latin_a of_o eusebius_n say_v 1058._o the_o people_n of_o aegina_n possess_v the_o sea_n xx_o year_n even_o until_o xerxes_n his_o passage_n which_o be_v note_v in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o the_o sixty_o seven_o olympiad_n but_o xerxes_n make_v his_o passage_n in_o the_o seventy_o five_o olympiad_n and_o in_o first_o year_n thereof_o therefore_o there_o pass_v xxviii_o year_n between_o but_o true_o joseph_n scaliger_n observe'_v here_o from_o this_o carelessness_n in_o count_v of_o year_n that_o those_o be_v mere_a trifling_n which_o be_v find_v in_o the_o latin_a and_o he_o say_v they_o be_v be_v discover_v by_o the_o greek_a wherein_o we_o read_v only_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o people_n of_o aegina_n hold_v possession_n of_o the_o sea_n x_o year_n which_o true_o we_o find_v as_o well_o in_o the_o former_a chronicle_n of_o eusebius_n as_o in_o his_o canon_n nor_o be_v it_o otherwise_o place_v then_o in_o the_o latin_a also_o 8._o strabo_n and_o 12._o aelianus_n make_v mention_n of_o their_o sea-dominion_n touch_v the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o lacedaemonian_n and_o athenian_n moreover_o also_o that_o it_o be_v acknowledge_v not_o only_o by_o the_o greek_n but_o also_o by_o the_o persian_n in_o a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n chap._n xi_o nor_o be_v those_o particular_n which_o be_v to_o be_v apply_v hither_o out_o of_o the_o east_n find_v only_o in_o the_o custom_n and_o sea-dominion_n of_o so_o many_o famous_a nation_n thus_o continue_v one_o after_o another_o the_o year_n of_o who_o empire_n have_v usual_o be_v reckon_v from_o their_o subdue_a the_o sea_n but_o in_o the_o custom_n of_o other_o also_o who_o true_o be_v more_o famous_a though_o they_o be_v not_o register_v any_o where_o in_o such_o a_o kind_n of_o catalogue_n it_o be_v write_v of_o polycrates_n that_o renown_a king_n of_o the_o samian_o who_o about_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o persian_a empire_n vanquish_v the_o lesbian_o and_o mâ—lesians_n in_o a_o sea_n fight_v that_o he_o so_o earnest_o aspire_v after_o a_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o sea_n that_o it_o be_v manifest_o acknowledge_v to_o be_v capable_a of_o dominion_n herodotuâ—_n say_v polycrates_n be_v the_o first_o of_o those_o that_o we_o have_v know_v who_o have_v a_o intent_n to_o acquire_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n unto_o himself_o except_o minos_n of_o crete_n and_o if_o there_o be_v any_o other_o that_o enjoy_v the_o sea_n before_o he_o he_o speak_v i_o suppose_v of_o king_n for_o those_o greek_n in_o who_o hand_n the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v as_o we_o before_o have_v show_v you_o so_o often_o change_v be_v common_o govern_v either_o by_o a_o popular_a or_o a_o aristocratical_a form_n of_o government_n nor_o can_v herodotus_n i_o think_v be_v more_o ignorant_a of_o their_o dominion_n then_o of_o king_n minos_n for_o he_o live_v after_o the_o forementioned_a dominion_n of_o the_o people_n of_o aegina_n be_v end_v or_o about_o the_o eighti_v olympiad_n therefore_o either_o he_o speak_v only_o of_o king_n or_o be_v extreme_o mistake_v about_o the_o eighti_v olympiad_n and_o the_o time_n follow_v unto_o the_o grecian_a monarchy_n those_o most_o renown_a people_n of_o greece_n not_o only_o the_o athenian_n but_o the_o lacedaemonian_n also_o do_v sometime_o enjoy_v a_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n flow_v about_o they_o demosthenes_n say_v of_o the_o lacedaemonian_n 14._o they_o have_v dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o whole_a land_n other_o also_o have_v testify_v as_o much_o concern_v the_o athenian_n either_o the_o same_o man_n or_o hegisippus_n in_o that_o oration_n touch_v levant_n halonesos_n make_v mention_n of_o philip_n k._n of_o macedon_n affect_v a_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n speak_v thus_o de_fw-fr praedonibus_fw-la aequum_fw-la esse_fw-la aït_fw-la philippus_n
have_v without_o leave_v of_o the_o lord_n or_o possessor_n there_o be_v also_o a_o very_a ancient_a custom_n use_v in_o the_o fast_a that_o when_o great_a king_n have_v design_n to_o bring_v any_o nation_n under_o their_o power_n command_v the_o pledge_n of_o empire_n and_o dominion_n to_o be_v deliver_v to_o they_o they_o be_v wont_a to_o demand_v water_n and_o earth_n together_o that_o be_v to_o say_v there_o quire_v they_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o bring_v earth_n and_o water_n and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o prepare_v earth_n and_o water_n they_o conceive_v that_o their_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o well_o as_o the_o land_n be_v signify_v by_o such_o a_o kind_n of_o pledge_n or_o token_n thus_o 4._o darius_n demand_v earth_n and_o water_n from_o indathyrsus_n king_n of_o the_o scythian_n thus_o 9_o xerxes_n from_o the_o lacedaemonian_n and_o thus_o both_o of_o they_o from_o the_o people_n of_o coos_n which_o be_v witness_v by_o the_o coan_n themselves_o in_o a_o public_a decree_n or_o epistle_n in_o answer_n to_o artaxerxes_n his_o most_o imperious_a demand_n that_o hypocrates_n shall_v be_v render_v up_o to_o he_o wherein_o the_o coan_n slight_v the_o threat_n of_o that_o great_a king_n decree_v that_o what_o hazard_n soêver_o they_o may_v seem_v to_o run_v hypocrates_n shall_v by_o no_o mean_n be_v render_v they_o add_v also_o to_o that_o decree_n 9_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n how_o that_o when_o his_o predecessor_n darius_n and_o xerxes_n have_v by_o their_o letter_n demand_v earth_n and_o water_n the_o people_n of_o coos_n do_v in_o no_o wise_n yield_v it_o forasmuch_o as_o they_o be_v satisfy_v that_o those_o who_o have_v send_v unto_o they_o be_v mortal_a as_o well_o as_o other_o man_n and_o in_o the_o greek_a copy_n of_o the_o history_n of_o judith_n nabuchodonosor_n be_v about_o to_o denounce_v war_n against_o the_o neighbor-nation_n say_v express_o the_o form_n of_o submission_n which_o he_o expect_v be_v gracâ—_n that_o they_o shall_v provide_v for_o he_o earth_n and_o water_n unless_o they_o conceiv_v themselves_o to_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o water_n as_o well_o as_o the_o land_n i_o do_v not_o well_o see_v wherefore_o they_o shall_v demand_v earth_n and_o water_n as_o token_n of_o universal_a dominion_n moreover_o also_o achme_n ben_n seirim_n a_o arabian_a write_v of_o the_o sea_n say_v that_o according_a to_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o indian_n persian_n and_o egyptian_n in_o expound_v of_o dream_n 178._o if_o any_o one_o in_o a_o dream_n seem_v to_o himself_o to_o be_v make_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n he_o shall_v be_v heir_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o shall_v reign_v add_v hereunto_o that_o oracle_n of_o delos_n concern_v the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o athenian_n the_o man_n of_o athens_n offer_v sacrifice_n in_o delos_n a_o boy_n that_o draw_v water_n to_o wash_v their_o hand_n pour_v fish_n out_o of_o the_o pot_n together_o with_o the_o water_n hereupon_o this_o oracle_n be_v deliver_v by_o the_o priest_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o they_o shall_v become_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o author_n be_v one_o semus_n a_o ancient_a writer_n in_o 8._o athenaeus_n where_o phylarchus_n also_o relate_n how_o that_o when_o patroclus_n a_o captain_n of_o ptolemy_n the_o son_n of_o lagus_n have_v send_v fish_n and_o fresh_a fig_n together_o unto_o king_n antigonus_n and_o those_o that_o stand_v by_o be_v in_o doubt_n what_o be_v mean_v by_o that_o present_a antigonus_z say_v he_o himself_o very_o well_o apprehend_v what_o may_v be_v the_o meaning_n of_o patroclus_n for_o say_v he_o either_o patroclus_n mean_n 〈◊〉_d that_o we_o must_v get_v the_o sovereignty_n or_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o else_o gnaw_v figs._n or_o that_o he_o must_v seem_v slothful_a and_o effeminate_a or_o become_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n therefore_o he_o make_v no_o doubt_n touch_v private_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o there_o also_o the_o glutton_n in_o antiphanes_n the_o comedian_n say_v it_o be_v neither_o profitable_a for_o life_n nor_o to_o be_v endure_v that_o some_o of_o you_o shall_v claim_v the_o sea_n as_o peculiar_a to_o themselves_o and_o spend_v much_o money_n upon_o it_o but_o no_o victual_n for_o navigation_n not_o so_o much_o as_o a_o bit_n add_v also_o that_o of_o theocritus_n touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o ptolomeus_n philadelphus_n king_n of_o egypt_n over_o the_o sea_n as_o well_o as_o the_o land_n 17._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d he_o be_v lord_n of_o much_o land_n and_o also_o of_o much_o sea_n and_o a_o little_a after_o he_o speak_v of_o the_o pamphilian_a lycian_a and_o the_o inner_a part_n of_o the_o remain_a sea_n that_o the_o whole_a sea_n and_o land_n and_o river_n be_v subject_a to_o king_n ptolemy_n also_o noe._n philo_n judeus_fw-la say_v let_v not_o prince_n glory_n in_o that_o they_o have_v conquer_v many_o nation_n or_o that_o they_o have_v bring_v all_o the_o river_n and_o sea_n so_o exceed_v vast_a both_o in_o number_n and_o magnitude_n under_o their_o power_n moreover_o though_o isocrates_n in_o his_o oration_n concern_v peace_n seem_v to_o hint_n that_o the_o sea-dominion_n and_o sovereignty_n which_o the_o athenian_n endeavour_v to_o maintain_v bring_v many_o mischief_n upon_o they_o and_o also_o that_o it_o sometime_o occasion_v they_o to_o use_v tyranny_n against_o the_o neighbor-city_n of_o greece_n yet_o he_o dispute_n it_n as_o a_o thing_n that_o may_v come_v into_o examination_n under_o the_o account_n of_o profitable_a and_o unprofitable_a and_o by_o accident_n of_o unjust_a but_o he_o do_v not_o in_o any_o wise_a endeavour_n to_o prove_v it_o unjust_a from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n itself_o yea_o in_o another_o place_n he_o sufficient_o commend'_v that_o dominion_n though_o not_o all_o thing_n in_o preserve_v it_o and_o the_o same_o panathenaïco_n author_n say_v express_o of_o both_o city_n the_o lacedaemonian_a and_o athenian_a it_o happen_v that_o both_o city_n do_v enjoy_v a_o command_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o when_o either_o of_o they_o hold_v they_o have_v most_o of_o the_o other_o city_n obedient_a thereto_o we_o read_v also_o a_o dispute_n in_o aristotle_n 〈◊〉_d concern_v a_o communion_n or_o common_a enjoyment_n of_o the_o sea_n to_o wit_n whether_o it_o may_v be_v convenient_a or_o not_o for_o a_o well_o order_v city_n whether_o it_o be_v better_a it_o shall_v remain_v common_a to_o all_o man_n so_o that_o no_o man_n may_v in_o any_o wise_a be_v deny_v passage_n traffic_n merchandise_n and_o fish_v or_o that_o the_o use_n of_o it_o may_v be_v so_o restrain_v that_o it_o may_v be_v receive_v into_o the_o dominion_n of_o any_o city_n so_o as_o to_o exclude_v foreigner_n he_o dispute_n this_o point_n whether_o it_o be_v profitable_a or_o unprofitable_a but_o question_n be_v it_o not_o at_o all_o as_o unjust_a have_v be_v abundant_o instruct_v out_o of_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o nation_n round_o about_o touch_v a_o propriety_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o well_o as_o the_o land_n also_o his_o scholar_n alexander_n the_o macedonian_a be_v victorious_a in_o the_o east_n prepare_v for_o a_o expedition_n against_o europe_n that_o he_o may_v become_v lord_n of_o the_o whole_a land_n and_o sea_n as_o say_v the_o emperor_n encomio_fw-la julian_n and_o true_o among_o the_o people_n of_o greece_n especial_o such_o as_o border_v upon_o the_o sea_n and_o other_o of_o that_o nature_n in_o the_o east_n to_o hold_v supreme_a power_n and_o sovereignty_n above_o other_o and_o to_o enjoy_v a_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v acoount_v almost_o one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n nor_o do_v they_o conceiv_v that_o can_v be_v obtain_v without_o this_o from_o whence_o arise_v that_o council_n of_o themistocles_n which_o pompey_n the_o great_a also_o follow_v at_o rome_n themistocle_n qui_fw-la mare_fw-la teneat_fw-la eum_fw-la necesse_fw-la esse_fw-la rerum_fw-la potiri_fw-la etc._n etc._n he_o which_o can_v possess_v the_o sea_n must_v need_n be_v have_v command_n of_o all_o so_o also_o say_v jsaac_n 199._o casaubon_n upon_o polybius_n to_o have_v dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v express_v by_o the_o greek_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v whole_o and_o ever_o have_v be_v a_o great_a strengthen_n and_o as_o it_o be_v a_o pledge_n of_o extraordinary_a power_n therefore_o the_o old_a writer_n of_o chronicle_n among_o the_o grecian_n see_v before_o the_o institution_n of_o the_o olympiad_n there_o be_v no_o sovereign_a power_n of_o any_o people_n of_o greece_n in_o be_v upon_o who_o action_n a_o knowledge_n of_o time_n may_v be_v ground_v therefore_o among_o the_o other_o time_n that_o they_o make_v use_v of_o for_o the_o compute_v of_o time_n they_o omit_v not_o that_o particular_a but_o careful_o keep_v a_o account_n of_o those_o people_n who_o have_v once_o enjoy_v a_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o
of_o citizen_n for_o the_o conveniency_n of_o large_a fishpond_n bring_v the_o sea_n into_o their_o ground_n make_v it_o their_o own_o and_o become_v master_n thereof_o with_o as_o good_a a_o title_n as_o they_o have_v to_o their_o adjacent_a land_n there_o be_v say_v 1â—_n varro_n two_o kind_n of_o fishpond_n one_o of_o fresh_a the_o other_o of_o salt_n water_n the_o former_a sort_n be_v ordinary_a and_o little_a worth_n such_o as_o our_o country_n fishpond_n that_o be_v supply_v with_o water_n by_o little_a stream_n but_o those_o saltwater-pond_n be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o nobleman_n and_o be_v supply_v by_o the_o sea_n as_o well_o with_o fish_n as_o water_n yet_o they_o yield_v more_o delight_n than_o profit_n the_o fill_n of_o those_o pond_n be_v common_o the_o drain_n of_o the_o owner_n purse_n now_o what_o be_v this_o but_o to_o become_v proprietary_n of_o the_o sea_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o be_v derive_v or_o enclose_v in_o their_o possession_n and_o 1â—_n columella_n who_o live_v in_o the_o time_n of_o claudius_n relate_n that_o the_o roman_n in_o ancient_a time_n for_o the_o most_o part_n use_v none_o but_o inland_n fishpond_n store_v they_o with_o spawner_n of_o the_o large_a size_n present_o add_v not_o long_o after_o that_o good_a husbandry_n be_v lay_v aside_o when_o the_o wealth_n and_o luxury_n of_o the_o succeed_a age_n make_v enclosure_n of_o the_o ocean_n and_o sea_n themselves_o and_o the_o yearly_a revenue_n of_o such_o demain_v which_o border_v upon_o the_o sea_n be_v advance_v by_o those_o pond_n or_o enclosure_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o well_o as_o by_o any_o land_n lake_n or_o vineyard_n appertain_v thereunto_o the_o same_o columella_n discourse_v hereupon_o have_v this_o passage_n but_o see_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o time_n have_v so_o far_o prevail_v that_o these_o thing_n be_v not_o only_o in_o use_n but_o have_v get_v the_o reputation_n of_o magnificent_a and_o noble_a contrivance_n we_o also_o lest_o we_o shall_v seem_v morose_n and_o importune_a reprover_n of_o so_o long_a and_o settle_v a_o practice_n will_v show_v what_o profit_n may_v redound_v from_o they_o to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o manor_n how_o he_o may_v raise_v a_o incom_a by_o the_o sea_n if_o have_v make_v a_o purchase_n of_o island_n or_o land_n border_v upon_o the_o sea_n he_o can_v reap_v the_o fruit_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o reason_n of_o that_o barrenness_n of_o the_o soil_n which_o usual_o be_v near_o the_o shore_n so_o that_o we_o see_v the_o revenue_n of_o a_o manor_n be_v improve_v by_o manage_v the_o sea_n as_o well_o as_o land_n and_o the_o possessor_n be_v count_v lord_n of_o the_o one_o no_o more_o than_o of_o the_o other_o this_o usual_a right_n of_o dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n be_v mention_v also_o by_o 3._o s_n t_o ambrose_n for_o the_o serve_n of_o their_o prodigious_a luxury_n say_v he_o the_o earth_n by_o dig_v of_o channel_n be_v force_v to_o admit_v the_o ocean_n for_o the_o make_n of_o artificial_a island_n and_o bring_v little_a sea_n into_o their_o own_o possession_n they_o challenge_v to_o themselves_o large_a portion_n of_o the_o sea_n by_o right_n and_o boast_v that_o the_o fish_n like_v so_o many_o bondslave_n have_v lose_v their_o former_a liberty_n and_o be_v subject_v to_o their_o service_n this_o creek_n of_o the_o sea_n say_v one_o belong_v to_o i_o that_o to_o another_o thus_o great_a man_n divide_v the_o element_n among_o themselves_o for_o example_n there_o be_v the_o fishpond_n of_o lucullus_n famous_a for_o his_o expensiveness_n in_o this_o kind_n he_o have_v make_v way_n through_o a_o mountain_n near_o naples_n enclose_v the_o sea_n and_o become_v master_n of_o those_o watercourse_n which_o lucullâ—_n plutarch_n call_v sea-course_n and_o chase_n for_o the_o breed_n of_o fish_n whereupon_o pompey_n the_o great_a in_o merriment_n say_v 2._o paterculus_n be_v wont_a to_o call_v lucullus_n the_o togatum_fw-la gown_a xerxes_n in_o regard_n that_o by_o damn_v up_o of_o channel_n and_o dig_v down_o mountain_n â—ee_o take_v the_o sea_n into_o the_o land_n the_o same_o lucullus_n say_v 54._o pliny_n dig_v down_o a_o mountain_n near_o naples_n at_o great_a charge_n than_o he_o build_v his_o villa_n take_v a_o arm_n of_o the_o sea_n into_o his_o manor_n which_o give_v occasion_n to_o pompey_n the_o great_a to_o call_v he_o the_o gown_a xerxes_n the_o same_o conceit_n in_o plutarch_n be_v attribute_v to_o tubero_n the_o stoic_a that_o concern_v xerxes_n be_v very_o famous_a 2._o hoc_fw-la terrae_fw-la fiat_fw-la hâc_fw-la mare_fw-la dixit_fw-la eat_v here_o run_v the_o sea_n he_o say_v there_o let_v firm_a land_n be_v make_v when_o he_o command_v the_o sea_n to_o be_v bring_v round_o about_o the_o mountain_n athos_n 30._o and_o valerius_n say_v of_o caius_n sergius_n orata_n that_o he_o may_v not_o have_v the_o serve_v of_o his_o palate_n depend_v upon_o the_o pleasure_n of_o neptune_n he_o contrive_v sea_n of_o his_o own_o intercept_n the_o wave_n with_o his_o trench_n and_o so_o enclose_v divers_a shoal_n of_o fish_n with_o dam_n that_o what_o tempestuous_a weather_n soëver_o happen_v orata_n table_n be_v never_o unfurnished_v with_o variety_n of_o dish_n the_o same_o liberty_n be_v use_v upon_o the_o formian_n shore_n by_o apollinaris_n of_o who_o fishpond_n martial_n 30._o speak_v si_fw-la quando_fw-la nereus_n sentit_fw-la aeoli_n regnum_fw-la ridet_fw-la procellas_fw-la tuta_fw-la de_fw-la svo_fw-la mensa_fw-la piscina_fw-la rhombum_fw-la pascit_fw-la &_o lupos_fw-la vernas_fw-la when_o wind_n do_v lord_n it_o over_o the_o sea_n &_o fright_v the_o fisher_n his_o table_n laugh_v at_o their_o spite_n by_o its_o own_o private_a store_n secure_v from_o need_n while_o captive_a pike_n and_o turbot_n fishpond_n breed_v all_o the_o variety_n of_o fish_n which_o the_o wide_a sea_n afford_v apollinaris_n have_v ready_a at_o hand_n in_o his_o fishpond_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o sea_n let_v in_o from_o the_o shore_n into_o his_o possession_n contracta_fw-la pisces_fw-la aequora_fw-la sentiunt_fw-la jactis_fw-la in_o altum_fw-la molibus_fw-la such_o dam_n be_v cast_v into_o the_o main_a the_o fish_n for_o want_v of_o room_n complain_v so_o say_v horace_n and_o in_o another_o place_n 24._o caementis_fw-la licèt_fw-la occupes_fw-la tyrrhenum_n omne_fw-la tuis_fw-la mare_fw-la ponticum_fw-la though_o thou_o thy_o wall_n do_v raise_v through_o all_o the_o tuscan_a and_o the_o pontic_a sea_n and_o say_v sallust_n catilinae_fw-la to_o what_o purpose_n shall_v i_o relate_v those_o thing_n which_o can_v seem_v credible_a to_o any_o but_o those_o who_o have_v be_v eie-witness_n how_o mountain_n have_v be_v remove_v by_o several_a private_a person_n and_o sea_n bring_v into_o their_o place_n of_o this_o sort_n be_v the_o fishpond_n of_o 3._o philippus_n hortensius_n and_o other_o all_o make_v by_o take_v in_o the_o sea_n moreover_o we_o find_v that_o sovereignty_n and_o dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n have_v be_v sometime_o confer_v by_o the_o patent_n of_o prince_n the_o emperor_n trajan_n when_o he_o endow_v the_o city_n of_o tharsus_n with_o immunity_n and_o privilege_n beside_o the_o territory_n of_o land_n lie_v about_o add_v also_o a_o grant_n of_o jurisdiction_n and_o dominion_n over_o the_o river_n cydnus_n and_o the_o adjacent_a sea_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o dion_n 34._o chrysostom_n and_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o the_o maritimate_a right_n of_o neocesarea_n 7._o which_o theodorus_n balsamon_n say_v be_v compile_v by_o the_o metropolitan_a of_o that_o city_n have_v respect_n unto_o the_o like_o original_a as_o also_o those_o privilege_n in_o the_o sea_n which_o the_o emperor_n comnenus_n grant_v to_o a_o great_a number_n of_o monastery_n according_a to_o the_o same_o author_n the_o ancient_a lawyer_n also_o be_v not_o silent_a as_o touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o particular_a person_n in_o the_o sea_n injuriis_fw-la paulus_n one_o of_o great_a note_n among_o they_o declare'_v himself_o express_o thus_o very_o whensoëver_o a_o propriety_n in_o some_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n belong_v to_o any_o person_n that_o person_n may_v sue_v out_o a_o interdict_v of_o uti_fw-la possidetis_fw-la in_o case_n he_o be_v â—indred_v from_o the_o exercise_n and_o enjoyment_n of_o his_o right_n because_o this_o matter_n concern_v a_o private_a not_o a_o public_a cause_n see_v the_o suit_n be_v commence_v for_o the_o enjoy_n of_o a_o right_n which_o arise_v not_o from_o a_o public_a but_o private_a title_n for_o interdict_v be_v proper_a to_o be_v use_v in_o private_a case_n not_o in_o public_a nothing_o can_v have_v be_v more_o plain_o speak_v to_o show_v that_o beyond_o all_o controversy_n he_o admit_n a_o private_a dominion_n in_o the_o sea_n even_o of_o single_a person_n yea_o ulpian_n himself_o who_o be_v so_o fond_o incline_v to_o favour_v the_o opinion_n of_o a_o perpetual_a community_n of_o the_o sea_n do_v sufficient_o
his_o successor_n in_o that_o city_n within_o who_o territory_n of_o jurisdiction_n he_o die_v if_o the_o pope_n die_v upon_o the_o sea_n the_o election_n be_v to_o be_v make_v in_o that_o city_n or_o andraeas_n place_n which_o be_v next_o to_o the_o sea_n this_o intimation_n be_v give_v by_o the_o gloss_n and_o acknowledge_v by_o other_o but_o notwithstanding_o this_o the_o citizen_n of_o rome_n be_v allow_v the_o privilege_n of_o fish_v in_o the_o sea_n of_o the_o church_n as_o they_o call_v it_o or_o of_o the_o pope_n as_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o a_o village_n border_v upon_o a_o pasture-ground_n may_v by_o virtue_n of_o some_o compact_n usage_n or_o custom_n put_v in_o their_o cattle_n to_o graze_v there_o though_o perhaps_o it_o be_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o some_o particular_a person_n this_o be_v a_o statute_n of_o the_o city_n of_o 72._o rome_n every_o citizen_n of_o rome_n and_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o city_n and_o within_o the_o liberty_n thereof_o shall_v have_v liberty_n to_o fish_n at_o any_o time_n and_o with_o any_o instrument_n whatsoëver_o in_o the_o stream_n both_o of_o tiber_n anien_n and_o in_o the_o sea_n so_o far_o as_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n and_o the_o sea_n shore_n do_v reach_v and_o no_o person_n ought_v to_o prohibit_v or_o forcible_o take_v any_o thing_n away_o from_o they_o so_o long_o as_o they_o forbear_v to_o trespass_v upon_o any_o land_n house_n and_o fishpond_n which_o belong_v to_o private_a owner_n or_o to_o come_v upon_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o coast_n of_o arenula_fw-la namely_o of_o s_o t_o severia_n and_o paul_n in_o which_o place_n it_o be_v not_o lawful_a for_o any_o to_o fish_n without_o warrant_n from_o the_o state_n be_v advocate_n and_o such_o a_o kind_n of_o privilege_n as_o this_o qualify_v either_o by_o grant_n or_o covenant_n or_o custom_n be_v very_o often_o find_v in_o such_o place_n as_o enjoy_v a_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n concern_v the_o receive_a custom_n of_o the_o portugal_n and_o spaniard_n about_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n chap._n xvii_o that_o dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n be_v acknowledge_v in_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o portugal_n be_v apparent_a to_o any_o man_n that_o will_v but_o observe_v the_o usual_a title_n of_o their_o king_n king_n emmanuel_n in_o his_o preface_n to_o the_o law_n of_o portugal_n style_n be_v himself_o dom_n manuel_n per_fw-la grace_n de_fw-fr deos_fw-la rey_n etc._n etc._n senhor_n de_fw-fr guinee_n &_o da_fw-la conquista_fw-la &_o navagaçam_fw-la &_o commercio_fw-la d'_fw-fr ethiopia_n arabia_n persia_n &_o da_fw-mi india_n à _fw-it todo_fw-es etc._n etc._n which_o elsewhere_o be_v render_v in_o 9_o barbarous_a latin_a thus_o emanuel_n dei_fw-la gratiâ_fw-la rex_fw-la etc._n etc._n dominus_fw-la guineae_fw-la &_o conquistae_fw-la navigationis_fw-la ac_fw-la commercii_fw-la aethiopiae_fw-la arabiae_n persiae_n etc._n etc._n emmanuel_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n king_n etc._n etc._n lord_n of_o guinee_n and_o by_o conquest_n of_o the_o navigation_n and_o commerce_n of_o ethiopia_n arabia_n persia_n where_fw-mi conquista_fw-la in_o the_o language_n of_o spain_n and_o portugal_n signify_v that_o which_o be_v acquire_v by_o war._n the_o same_o title_n be_v often_o find_v in_o the_o letter_n patent_n and_o commission_n of_o the_o ancient_a king_n of_o portugal_n whereupon_o jacobus_n 12._o vâ—ldesius_n write_v that_o they_o be_v and_o be_v acknowledge_v to_o be_v lord_n and_o master_n of_o commerce_n traffic_n and_o navigation_n but_o for_o any_o person_n to_o be_v lord_n of_o navigation_n and_o traffic_n by_o sea_n without_o dominion_n over_o that_o sea_n be_v all_o one_o as_o to_o use_v and_o enjoy_v a_o piece_n of_o land_n to_o have_v right_a to_o prohibit_v all_o other_o from_o do_v the_o like_a and_o yet_o not_o to_o be_v owner_n thereof_o but_o among_o the_o law_n of_o portugal_n there_o be_v yet_o clear_a evidence_n for_o private_a dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n even_o of_o the_o atlantic_a or_o ocean_n itself_o for_o therein_o it_o be_v forbid_v that_o any_o person_n either_o foreigner_n or_o native_a the_o word_n of_o the_o law_n be_v 112._o assi_fw-fr naral_fw-fr commo_fw-la estrangeiro_n in_o any_o ship_n whatsoëver_o to_o pass_v ditas_fw-la partee_n mare_n the_o guinee_n &_o india_n &_o qualsquer_n outras_fw-la terras_fw-la &_o mare_n &_o lugare_n de_fw-mi nossa_fw-mi conquista_fw-la tratar_n resgatar_n nem_fw-la guerrear_n sem_fw-mi nossa_fw-mi licenca_fw-la &_o autoridade_fw-mi sob_v pena_fw-la que_fw-la fazendo_fw-la â—o_o contrario_fw-la moura_fw-la por_fw-mi ello_fw-it morte_fw-la natural_a &_o por_fw-mi esso_fw-la mesmo_fw-la seito_fw-la percapera_fw-la nos_fw-la todo_fw-es seus_fw-la beens_fw-mi moveis_fw-la &_o the_o ray_n that_o be_v to_o say_v to_o the_o say_a country_n land_n and_o sea_n of_o guinee_n and_o the_o indies_n or_o any_o other_o land_n sea_n and_o place_n under_o our_o dominion_n for_o commerce_n or_o traâ—â—iâ—k_n or_o make_v of_o wâ—r_n without_o our_o licence_n and_o authority_n under_o pain_n of_o death_n and_o total_a confiscation_n of_o estate_n to_o be_v inflict_v upon_o any_o that_o shall_v presume_v to_o do_v the_o contrary_n and_o for_o the_o execution_n hereof_o the_o commander_n of_o those_o fleet_n who_o have_v leave_v from_o the_o king_n to_o sail_v thither_o have_v commission_n give_v they_o to_o call_v to_o account_v all_o who_o they_o find_v in_o any_o kind_n transgress_v this_o law_n so_o that_o we_o see_v the_o nation_n of_o portugal_n also_o make_v no_o question_n but_o that_o dominion_n may_v be_v just_o acquire_v over_o the_o ocean_n itself_o and_o this_o law_n in_o the_o extent_n of_o at_o reach_v as_o well_o to_o foreigner_n as_o to_o the_o king_n subject_n although_o foreigner_n do_v not_o acknowledge_v that_o portugal_n have_v acquire_v any_o such_o right_a however_o that_o in_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o be_v obligatorie_n there_o be_v nothing_o to_o hinder_v but_o that_o such_o a_o right_n may_v be_v acquire_v be_v i_o suppose_v acknowledge_v by_o all_o the_o nation_n in_o europe_n except_o some_o perhaps_o who_o be_v not_o yet_o in_o fair_a and_o lawful_a possession_n of_o any_o sea_n if_o so_o be_v at_o least_o a_o man_n may_v right_o gather_v their_o acknowledgement_n from_o their_o receive_a custom_n and_o true_o about_o the_o begin_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n reign_n there_o be_v a_o hot_a dispute_n between_o cottoniana_n she_o and_o sebastian_n king_n of_o portugal_n touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o atlantic_a and_o south-sea_n that_o open_n the_o way_n to_o the_o east-indies_n which_o be_v claim_v by_o the_o portugal_n but_o the_o question_n in_o that_o dispute_n be_v not_o whether_o or_o no_o sebastian_n can_v be_v lord_n of_o that_o navigation_n or_o sea_n but_o whether_o he_o have_v make_v any_o lawful_a acquisition_n of_o such_o a_o dominion_n but_o in_o the_o common_a law_n of_o spain_n or_o castille_n although_o it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o use_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v most_o free_a and_o that_o in_o such_o a_o manner_n almost_o as_o if_o no_o positive_a law_n have_v ever_o lay_v any_o restraint_n upon_o the_o natural_a 8._o community_n thereof_o yet_o the_o spanish_a lawyer_n and_o those_o not_o of_o the_o mean_a account_n do_v in_o most_o express_a term_n declare_v it_o capable_a of_o dominion_n yea_o and_o that_o it_o be_v acquire_v by_o the_o king_n the_o prince_n say_v gregorius_n 11._o lopez_n may_v grant_v any_o man_n a_o privilege_n to_o fish_n in_o a_o certain_a part_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o sea_n say_v joannes_n 34._o garcias_n a_o spaniard_n belong_v to_o he_o who_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o adjoin_a land_n this_o he_o speak_v of_o some_o particular_a sea_n belong_v to_o spain_n for_o to_o speak_v it_o of_o the_o sea_n in_o general_n be_v idle_a there_o be_v other_o also_o as_o didacus_n couvaruvias_n 12._o joannes_n de_fw-fr hevia_n who_o be_v plain_o for_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o prince_n as_o well_o for_o a_o control_a the_o liberty_n of_o navigation_n as_o restrain_v the_o common_a use_n of_o fish_v and_o how_o frequent_a this_o opinion_n 8._o be_v among_o the_o lawyer_n of_o spain_n and_o portugal_n be_v acknowledge_v by_o fernandus_n vasquius_fw-la though_o he_o himself_o do_v extreme_o oppose_v it_o as_o appear_v by_o those_o word_n of_o his_o already_o cite_v in_o the_o second_o chapter_n moreover_o it_o be_v sufficient_o manifest_a out_o of_o 13._o rodericus_fw-la suarius_n that_o such_o right_n &_o privilege_n be_v exercise_v by_o private_a person_n ground_v either_o upon_o custom_n or_o some_o grant_n of_o the_o prince_n which_o demonstrate_v a_o dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n among_o the_o spaniard_n although_o that_o author_n take_v the_o measure_n of_o law_n rather_o from_o the_o dictate_v of_o the_o school_n than_o the_o receive_a custom_n of_o nation_n be_v the_o more_o earnest_a for_o that_o ancient_a opinion_n of_o a_o perpetual_a community_n yea_o the_o very_a title_n of_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n have_v
xxii_o the_o objection_n touch_v the_o defect_n of_o limit_n and_o and_o bound_n follow_v we_o next_o and_o true_o where_o dominion_n be_v distinguish_v nothing_o can_v be_v more_o desirable_a then_o know_v and_o certain_a bound_n in_o every_o place_n nor_o be_v it_o without_o cause_n that_o numâ_fw-la terminus_n the_o god_n of_o bound_n be_v receive_v heretofore_o among_o the_o roman_n for_o the_o god_n of_o justice_n but_o the_o nature_n of_o bound_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v either_o upon_o the_o shore_n or_o in_o the_o open_a sea_n and_o why_o shore_n shall_v not_o be_v call_v and_o repute_v lawful_a bound_n whereon_o to_o ground_v a_o distinction_n of_o dominion_n in_o the_o sea_n as_o well_o as_o ditch_n hedge_n meers_n row_n of_o tree_n mound_n and_o other_o thing_n use_v by_o surveyor_n in_o the_o bound_a of_o land_n i_o can_v full_o understand_v nor_o be_v sea_n sylvanus_n any_o whit_n more_o a_o guardian_n of_o bound_n than_o neptune_n but_o yet_o a_o very_a learned_a man_n say_v 3._o there_o be_v a_o reason_n in_o nature_n why_o the_o sea_n under_o the_o aforesaid_a consideration_n can_v be_v possess_v or_o make_v appropriate_a because_o possession_n be_v of_o no_o force_n unless_o it_o be_v in_o a_o thing_n that_o be_v bound_v so_o that_o thucydides_n call_v s_o a_o land_n unpossessed_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d unbounded_a and_o isocrates_n the_o land_n possess_v by_o the_o athenian_n a_o land_n bound_v with_o limit_n but_o liquid_a thing_n because_o of_o themselves_o they_o be_v not_o bound_v can_v be_v possess_v save_v only_o as_o they_o be_v contain_v in_o some_o other_o thing_n after_o which_o manner_n lake_n and_o pond_n be_v possess_v and_o river_n also_o because_o they_o be_v contain_v within_o bank_n but_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o contain_v by_o the_o earth_n it_o be_v of_o equal_a bigness_n or_o big_a than_o the_o earth_n so_o that_o the_o ancient_n have_v affirm_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v contain_v by_o the_o sea_n and_o then_o he_o bring_v we_o divers_a testimony_n of_o the_o ancient_n whereby_o it_o be_v affirm_v more_o than_o once_o that_o the_o sea_n be_v the_o girdle_n or_o bond_n of_o this_o globe_n of_o earth_n and_o that_o fetch_v a_o compass_n it_o enclose_v all_o the_o part_n thereof_o together_o and_o it_o be_v very_o often_o say_v by_o the_o ancient_n that_o the_o land_n be_v contain_v and_o bound_v by_o the_o water_n or_o sea_n as_o if_o the_o whole_a earth_n make_v as_o it_o be_v one_o island_n be_v 5._o surround_v by_o the_o sea_n but_o admit_v it_o be_v to_o be_v grant_v which_o i_o suppose_v neither_o that_o learned_a man_n nor_o any_o other_o will_v grant_v yet_o i_o do_v not_o well_o see_v why_o the_o thing_n contain_v shall_v not_o in_o truth_n be_v bound_v by_o the_o thing_n contain_v as_o well_o as_o this_o by_o that_o may_v not_o a_o lesser_a body_n that_o be_v spherical_a or_o of_o any_o other_o form_n be_v contain_v by_o a_o great_a which_o be_v every_o way_n contiguous_a to_o it_o be_v say_v to_o bound_v and_o limit_v the_o concave_n of_o the_o great_a body_n as_o well_o as_o this_o to_o limit_v the_o convex_a of_o the_o lesser_a but_o julius_n 37._o scaliger_n say_v very_o well_o of_o the_o sea_n and_o land_n that_o the_o one_o be_v not_o so_o contain_v by_o the_o other_o but_o that_o it_o may_v also_o contain_v nor_o be_v they_o so_o disjoin_v from_o each_o other_o but_o that_o they_o may_v both_o encroach_v upon_o each_o other_o and_o retire_v by_o turn_v the_o sea_n and_o land_n mutual_o embrace_v one_o another_o with_o crooked_a wind_n and_o turn_n this_o with_o peninsula_n and_o promontory_n butt_v forth_o and_o creek_n bend_v inward_a that_o work_v up_o its_o wave_n about_o all_o the_o passage_n of_o its_o vast_a body_n thus_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o one_o indifferent_o set_z bound_n to_o the_o other_o no_o otherwise_o than_o banks_n and_o lake_n or_o river_n which_o also_o appear_v more_o evident_a in_o the_o sâ—a_n caspian_a sea_n that_o be_v encompass_v with_o land_n and_o in_o like_a manner_n in_o the_o mediterranean_a before_o that_o hercules_n or_o as_o the_o 1_o arabian_n say_v alexander_n the_o great_a do_v by_o cut_v the_o mountain_n let_v in_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n through_o the_o strait_n of_o cadiz_n and_o thereby_o it_o be_v make_v up_o one_o single_a globe_n wherein_o divers_a sea_n be_v bound_v as_o well_o as_o the_o isle_n or_o main_a land_n as_o it_o be_v more_o clear_o prove_v out_o of_o holy_a scripture_n there_o the_o water_n be_v gather_v together_o and_o limit_v by_o their_o place_n and_o 9_o bound_n and_o say_v the_o lord_n himself_o of_o the_o sea_n 10._o i_o encompass_v it_o with_o my_o bound_n and_o set_v bar_n and_o door_n and_o say_v hitherto_o shall_v thou_o come_v but_o no_o far_o and_o in_o another_o place_n 29._o he_o give_v unto_o the_o sea_n his_o bound_n his_o decree_n unto_o the_o water_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o pass_v their_o bound_n so_o that_o it_o can_v be_v doubt_v every_o sea_n have_v its_o bound_n on_o the_o shore_n as_o the_o land_n itself_o nor_o have_v i_o make_v mention_n of_o this_o particular_a have_v i_o not_o find_v it_o impugn_a by_o so_o eminent_a a_o person_n and_o true_o there_o be_v but_o a_o very_a little_a more_o difficulty_n to_o find_v out_o limit_n and_o bound_n in_o the_o main_a sea_n for_o distinguish_v of_o private_a dominion_n we_o have_v high_a rock_n shelus_n promontory_n opposite_a to_o each_o other_o and_o island_n disperse_v up_o and_o down_o from_o whence_o as_o well_o direct_a line_n as_o crooked_a wind_n and_o turn_n and_o angle_n may_v be_v make_v use_n of_o for_o the_o bound_a of_o a_o territory_n in_o the_o sea_n mille_fw-la jacent_fw-la mediae_fw-la diffusa_fw-la per_fw-la aequora_fw-la terrae_fw-la innumeri_fw-la surgunt_fw-la scopuli_n montésque_fw-la per_fw-la altum_fw-la a_o thousand_o land_n within_o the_o main_n do_v lie_v rock_n numberless_a and_o mountain_n rise_v on_o high_a throughout_o the_o deep_a the_o ancient_a cosmographer_n also_o reckon_v up_o the_o sea_n of_o the_o world_n no_o otherwise_o then_o town_n rivers_n island_n and_o mountain_n as_o be_v no_o less_o distinguish_v from_o each_o other_o by_o their_o respective_a bound_n cosmographia_fw-la aethicus_n say_v every_o globe_n of_o land_n have_v xxx_o sea_n ccclxx_o town_n lxxii_o island_n lvii_o river_n and_o xl_o mountain_n etc._n etc._n after_o this_o also_o he_o reckon'_v the_o sea_n of_o the_o eastern_a western_a northen_n and_o southern_a ocean_n one_o after_o another_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o he_o do_v the_o province_n and_o their_o isle_n how_o true_o i_o dispute_v not_o but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n he_o make_v no_o question_n but_o that_o the_o sea_n be_v sufficient_o distinguish_v by_o their_o name_n and_o bound_n add_v hereunto_o that_o useful_a invention_n of_o the_o sea-man_n compass_n and_o the_o help_n of_o celestial_a degree_n either_o of_o longitude_n or_o latitude_n together_o with_o the_o doctrine_n of_o triangle_n arise_v therefrom_o also_o in_o those_o plantation_n that_o in_o our_o time_n have_v be_v carry_v out_o of_o europe_n into_o america_n the_o degree_n of_o latitude_n and_o longitude_n do_v serve_v the_o proprietor_n in_o stead_n of_o bound_n which_o with_o as_o little_a difficulty_n be_v find_v in_o the_o sea_n in_o like_a manner_n 28._o some_o will_v have_v have_v the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n and_o the_o equinoctial_a line_n to_o have_v be_v the_o bound_n in_o the_o sea_n for_o the_o limit_v of_o that_o agreement_n which_o be_v to_o have_v be_v make_v in_o the_o year_n mdcviii_o between_o the_o state_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n and_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n and_o in_o the_o late_a agreement_n betwixt_o the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n and_o spain_n 2._o the_o equinoctial_a line_n be_v the_o bind_v appoint_v in_o the_o sea_n other_o instance_n there_o be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n eor_fw-la sarpedon_n and_o calycadnus_n two_o promontory_n of_o cilicia_n be_v design_v as_o bound_n for_o distinguish_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o that_o league_n make_v betwixt_o the_o 8._o roman_n and_o antiochus_n king_n of_o syria_n also_o by_o decree_n of_o the_o emperor_n leo_n of_o which_o we_o have_v already_o speak_v the_o sea_n fish_n epoche_n or_o fish-pen_n that_o be_v by_o man_n place_v in_o the_o sea_n lie_v over_o against_o their_o land_n be_v limit_v to_o certain_a number_n of_o cubit_n the_o case_n be_v the_o same_o likewise_o touch_v the_o cyanean_a and_o chelidonian_a island_n in_o the_o league_n make_v by_o the_o cimonis_fw-la athenian_n with_o the_o king_n of_o persia_n which_o have_v be_v mention_v also_o before_o moreover_o pope_n alexander_n vi_o and_o his_o cardinal_n or_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n agent_n make_v no_o scruple_n touch_v bound_n of_o this_o
roman_a empire_n be_v in_o its_o prime_n etc._n that_o caesar_n be_v lord_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n thus_o ovid_n according_a to_o the_o roman_a custom_n say_v 2._o gentibus_fw-la est_fw-la aliis_fw-la tellus_fw-la data_fw-la limit_fw-la certo_fw-la romanae_fw-la spatium_fw-la est_fw-la vrbis_fw-la &_o orbis_fw-la idem_fw-la all_o other_o state_n have_v limit_n to_o their_o ground_n rome_n and_o the_o world_n have_v but_o one_o common_a bind_v the_o sea_n i_o suppose_v be_v not_o more_o inexhaustible_a than_o the_o whole_a world_n that_o be_v very_o much_o inferior_a to_o this_o as_o a_o part_n be_v to_o the_o whole_a in_o greatness_n and_o plenty_n and_o therefore_o a_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o to_o be_v oppose_v upon_o this_o account_n unless_o also_o we_o in_o like_a manner_n affirm_v that_o not_o only_o that_o say_n of_o the_o emperor_n dominion_n over_o the_o world_n be_v manifest_o fall_v as_o it_o must_v be_v but_o also_o contrary_a to_o natural_a reason_n itself_o because_o of_o the_o world_n extraordinary_a greatness_n and_o abundance_n therefore_o they_o be_v more_o justifiable_a in_o their_o opinion_n who_o as_o they_o say_v that_o the_o roman_a emperor_n according_a to_o the_o ancient_a law_n be_v lord_n of_o the_o world_n or_o land_n that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o large_a part_n of_o it_o so_o also_o etc._n they_o will_v have_v he_o to_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o difficulty_n in_o that_o expression_n of_o the_o emperor_n antoninus_n wherein_o he_o call_v himself_o lord_n of_o the_o world_n but_o the_o law_n as_o it_o be_v common_o understand_v lady_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o if_o it_o be_v grant_v that_o his_o answer_n ought_v â—â—â—diam_fw-la so_o to_o be_v understand_v do_v signify_v no_o other_o thing_n then_o that_o the_o rhodian_a law_n where_o they_o do_v not_o thwart_v the_o roman_a be_v so_o far_o in_o force_n about_o sea-affair_n that_o however_o he_o be_v moderator_n and_o lord_n of_o both_o he_o will_v by_o no_o mean_n determine_v aught_o contrary_a to_o those_o law_n by_o any_o rescript_n of_o his_o own_o 5._o alcialus_n and_o other_o very_a learned_a man_n also_o make_v almost_o the_o same_o interpretation_n but_o concern_v that_o answer_n of_o antoninus_n i_o shall_v add_v more_o chapter_n by_o and_o by_o so_o that_o it_o seem_v the_o ancient_n in_o that_o so_o often_o repeat_v speech_n concern_v universal_a dominion_n conceive_v the_o roman_a empire_n to_o be_v no_o less_o or_o narrow_a than_o it_o be_v represent_v by_o petronius_n arbiter_n who_o set_z forth_o the_o matter_n in_o these_o word_n orbem_fw-la jam_fw-la totum_fw-la victor_n romanus_n habebat_fw-la quà _fw-la mare_fw-la quà _fw-la terrae_fw-la quà _fw-la sidus_n currit_fw-la utrumque_fw-la the_o roman_a conqu'rer_n then_o the_o world_n both_o sea_n and_o land_n do_v sway_v wheresoever_o the_o moon_n travel_n by_z night_n or_o the_o bright_a sun_n by_o day_n and_o 〈…〉_o the_o ancient_a inscription_n in_o honour_n of_o augustus_n caesar_n be_v orbe_fw-la mari_n et_fw-la terra_fw-la pacato_fw-la jano_n cluso_fw-la etc._n etc._n peace_n be_v restore_v to_o the_o world_n by_o sea_n and_o land_n he_o shut_v up_o the_o peâ—â—â—_n temple_n of_o janus_n according_a to_o which_o since_o it_o be_v record_v also_o by_o â—2_n historian_n that_o he_o shut_v janus_n his_o temple_n three_o time_n have_v settle_v peace_n by_o sea_n and_o land_n whereby_o they_o will_v have_v we_o to_o understand_v the_o very_a same_o thing_n which_o we_o have_v prove_v more_o full_o before_o that_o the_o sea_n be_v comprehend_v as_o well_o as_o the_o land_n within_o the_o huge_a body_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n a_o answer_n to_o such_o testimony_n as_o have_v fall_v from_o writer_n treat_v of_o other_o subject_n and_o which_o be_v usual_o allege_v against_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n chap._n xxiii_o it_o remain_n in_o the_o next_o place_n that_o we_o consider_v of_o what_o validity_n the_o contrary_a opinion_n of_o writer_n be_v whereof_o we_o former_o make_v mention_v as_o to_o what_o concern_v those_o passage_n of_o the_o poêts_n plautus_n and_o phaenicides_n it_o be_v clear_a in_o plautus_n that_o the_o lewd_a slave_n trachalio_n be_v but_o in_o jest_n with_o gripus_n the_o fisherman_n he_o say_v in_o general_a that_o the_o sea_n be_v common_a to_o all_o which_o signify_v a_o sea_n that_o never_o be_v possess_v as_o well_o as_o that_o which_o be_v necessary_o and_o natural_o common_a and_o in_o that_o place_n that_o rather_o than_o this_o wherefore_o it_o may_v be_v understand_v that_o fish_v be_v common_a or_o not_o yet_o appropriate_v that_o be_v that_o the_o people_n either_o of_o rome_n or_o greece_n have_v such_o a_o dominion_n over_o any_o kind_n of_o sea_n for_o by_o what_o have_v be_v already_o mention_v it_o appear_v both_o of_o they_o have_v a_o dominion_n over_o some_o sea_n before_o plautus_n his_o time_n that_o either_o of_o they_o may_v use_v their_o respective_a sea_n at_o their_o own_o pleasure_n in_o hindle_v other_o from_o sail_v through_o they_o and_z removing_z such_o impediment_n of_o trade_n and_o commerce_n as_o shall_v happen_v therein_o and_o yet_o that_o hitherto_o they_o have_v prohibit_v no_o man_n from_o fish_v in_o that_o sea_n mention_v by_o plautus_n and_o phaenicides_n in_o such_o a_o manner_n but_o that_o the_o use_n of_o it_o may_v remain_v common_a either_o to_o native_n or_o neighbour_n as_o the_o use_n of_o a_o ground_n for_o feed_v of_o cattle_n though_o there_o may_v indeed_o be_v a_o particular_a owner_n in_o possession_n reserve_v the_o other_o commodity_n of_o it_o to_o himself_o as_o it_o often_o come_v to_o pass_v but_o afterward_o also_o especial_o in_o the_o eastern_a empire_n or_o among_o the_o greek_n it_o be_v clear_a out_o of_o what_o we_o have_v already_o show_v you_o that_o a_o peculiar_a right_n of_o sea-fishing_a have_v pass_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o private_a person_n as_o well_o as_o of_o prince_n so_o that_o such_o expression_n as_o these_o be_v apply_v against_o private_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n soon_o vanish_v and_o come_v to_o nothing_o as_o to_o that_o passage_n out_o of_o ovid_n quid_fw-la prohibetis_fw-la aquas_fw-la why_o do_v you_o forbid_v water_n etc._n etc._n than_o which_o nothing_o be_v more_o usual_a in_o dispute_n about_o this_o matter_n it_o be_v not_o so_o much_o a_o assertion_n of_o the_o community_n of_o water_n as_o a_o vehement_a and_o hyperbolical_a reproof_n of_o the_o inhumanity_n of_o that_o rustic_a rout_n in_o lycia_n latona_n be_v thirsty_a and_o weary_a ask_v for_o a_o draught_n of_o water_n and_o that_o out_o of_o a_o lake_n the_o barbarous_a people_n deny_v she_o and_o therefore_o she_o most_o deserve_o reprove'_v they_o but_o she_o do_v it_o not_o more_o earnest_o than_o ampelisca_n in_o 2._o plautus_n do_v merry_o to_o sceparnio_n a_o slave_n that_o deny_v her_o water_n cur_n in_o inquit_fw-la ampelisca_n aquam_fw-la gravare_fw-la amabò_fw-la quam_fw-la hostess_fw-la hosti_fw-la commodat_fw-la why_o say_v ampelisca_n be_v thou_o so_o loath_a to_o let_v i_o have_v water_n which_o one_o stranger_n afford'_v another_o for_o whatsoëver_o may_v be_v afford_v or_o communicate_v without_o prejudice_n of_o the_o owner_n he_o be_v concern_v many_o time_n in_o humanity_n to_o impact_v it_o to_o a_o mere_a stranger_n that_o ask_v he_o for_o the_o word_n host_n in_o that_o place_n signifie'_v a_o stranger_n as_o we_o often_o find_v among_o the_o 1._o ancient_n and_o it_o appear_v also_o by_o the_o question_n of_o sceparnio_n whereby_o he_o jeer'_v the_o wench_n cur_n tu_fw-la ait_fw-la ille_fw-la operam_fw-la gravare_fw-la mihi_fw-la quam_fw-la civis_fw-la civi_fw-la commodat_fw-la why_o say_v he_o do_v thou_o deny_v i_o that_o help_n one_o citizen_n afford'_v another_o here_o he_o oppose_v citizen_n to_o stranger_n from_o the_o same_o office_n of_o humanity_n those_o particular_n be_v derive_v as_o not_o to_o deny_v run_v water_n to_o suffer_v one_o fire_n or_o one_o candle_n to_o light_v another_o and_o other_o thing_n of_o that_o nature_n which_o be_v profitable_a to_o the_o receiver_n and_o not_o troublesome_a to_o he_o that_o give_v we_o or_o permit_n the_o favour_n and_o upon_o this_o rule_n of_o morality_n only_o which_o be_v the_o rule_n of_o charity_n be_v those_o demand_v both_o of_o latona_n and_o ampelisca_n ground_v they_o deny_v not_o the_o private_a dominion_n of_o water_n neither_o latona_n of_o the_o lake_n who_o private_a dominion_n be_v confess_v it_o by_o all_o nor_o ampelisca_n of_o the_o well_o from_o whence_o she_o demand_v water_n for_o the_o priest_n of_o venus_n moreover_o those_o word_n of_o latona_n be_v speak_v concern_v a_o lake_n of_o little_a water_n as_o ovid_n show_v in_o that_o place_n fortè_fw-la lacum_fw-la mediocris_fw-la aquae_fw-la prospexit_fw-la in_o imis_fw-la vallibus_fw-la by_o chance_n a_o little_a lake_n she_o do_v espy_v which_o in_o the_o ually_n far_o beneath_o do_v
the_o whole_a world_n be_v say_v to_o be_v possess_v at_o first_o by_o ancient_a prince_n it_o may_v even_o as_o well_o pass_v into_o the_o dominion_n or_o ownership_n of_o he_o that_o shall_v enter_v upon_o it_o first_o by_o occupation_n howsoêver_o there_o have_v be_v 52._o some_o other_o who_o by_o the_o same_o rule_n distinguish_v in_o like_a manner_n the_o inner_a and_o neighbour_a sea_n from_o the_o open_a sea_n or_o main_a ocean_n but_o it_o be_v by_o no_o mean_n to_o be_v omit_v that_o they_o for_o who_o sake_n hugo_n grotius_n write_v that_o book_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o stateâ—_n of_o holland_n do_v not_o unwilling_o but_o rather_o as_o it_o seem_v according_a to_o their_o own_o heart_n desire_v give_v ear_n to_o the_o condemnation_n of_o that_o opinion_n especial_o because_o it_o be_v own_v by_o grotius_n concern_v a_o community_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o freedom_n of_o fish_v therein_o according_a to_o the_o law_n natural_a and_o of_o nation_n by_o the_o ambassador_n of_o james_n king_n of_o great_a britain_n in_o a_o speech_n of_o his_o deliver_v open_o in_o holland_n and_o that_o other_o be_v grave_o admonish_v from_o his_o misfortune_n not_o to_o maintain_v the_o like_a of_o which_o thing_n grotius_n himself_o bear_n witness_n 257._o i_o have_v labour_v say_v he_o as_o much_o as_o any_o to_o maintain_v the_o right_n of_o navigation_n to_o the_o indies_n and_o for_o the_o preservation_n of_o clothdress_v in_o our_o country_n but_o for_o the_o freedom_n of_o fish_v at_o sea_n so_o much_o that_o carleton_n the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n ambassador_n be_v incite_v by_o my_o enemy_n to_o speak_v somewhat_o in_o public_a against_o i_o be_v at_o business_n that_o time_n in_o prison_n he_o have_v no_o â—ing_v else_o to_o say_v but_o that_o i_o have_v begin_v to_o make_v some_o discourse_n in_o defence_n of_o that_o freedom_n as_o a_o thing_n ground_v upon_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o custom_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n whereas_o notwithstanding_o nothing_o have_v be_v say_v or_o write_v by_o i_o upon_o that_o subject_n different_a from_o those_o thing_n which_o the_o state_n be_v ambassador_n have_v maintain_v in_o britain_n in_o the_o year_n mdcx_o and_o our_o ancestor_n before_o even_o for_o some_o age_n past_a and_o yet_o that_o ambassador_n say_v that_o other_o ought_v to_o be_v terrify_v by_o the_o example_n of_o my_o misfortune_n from_o defend_v that_o opinion_n it_o be_v true_a indeed_o that_o person_n in_o power_n usual_o take_v a_o liberty_n to_o asper_n man_n as_o they_o pleasant_a when_o they_o be_v in_o question_n but_o these_o thing_n be_v not_o speak_v so_o much_o against_o hugo_n grotius_n as_o against_o that_o natural_a right_n of_o community_n at_o sea_n injurious_o pretend_v to_o which_o many_o man_n have_v defend_v more_o express_o and_o plain_o then_o himself_o but_o none_o with_o so_o much_o learning_n and_o ingenuity_n nor_o do_v that_o speech_n of_o the_o ambassador_n for_o aught_o we_o know_v as_o thing_n than_o stand_v displea_n the_o state_n of_o holland_n but_o in_o his_o book_n 3_o de_fw-fr jure_fw-la belli_n &_o pacis_fw-la have_v indeed_o set_v down_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o original_n of_o private_a dominion_n to_o be_v upon_o this_o ground_n that_o those_o place_n which_o become_v peculiar_o assign_v be_v not_o sufficient_a for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o all_o man_n he_o conclude_n that_o the_o sea_n because_o of_o its_o bigness_n and_o inexhaustible_a abundance_n be_v sufficient_a for_o all_o can_v be_v appropriate_v to_o any_o he_o add'_v other_o thing_n also_o touch_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o sea_n not_o be_v distinguishable_a by_o bound_n of_o both_o which_o we_o have_v say_v enough_o already_o but_o at_o length_n he_o betake'_v himself_o to_o the_o receive_a custom_n of_o nation_n and_o speak_v more_o than_o once_o concern_v the_o propriety_n or_o private_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o of_o a_o thing_n sometime_o to_o be_v yield_v without_o controversy_n the_o land_n say_v 13._o he_o and_o river_n and_o any_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o case_n it_o come_v under_o the_o propriety_n of_o some_o nation_n aught_o to_o be_v open_a for_o such_o as_o have_v need_n of_o passage_n upon_o just_a and_o necessary_a occasion_n afterward_o also_o speak_v of_o the_o 8._o propriety_n of_o river_n after_o this_o example_n say_v he_o it_o seem_v that_o even_o the_o sea_n may_v be_v possess_v by_o he_o that_o be_v owner_n of_o the_o land_n on_o both_o side_n although_o it_o lie_v open_a either_o above_o as_o a_o creek_n or_o above_o and_o below_o too_o as_o a_o straight_a or_o narrow_a sea_n so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o so_o great_a a_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n that_o be_v compare_v with_o the_o land_n it_o can_v seem_v to_o be_v any_o portion_n of_o they_o and_o that_o which_o be_v lawful_a for_o one_o prince_n or_o people_n the_o same_o seem_v lawful_a also_o for_o two_o or_o three_o if_o in_o the_o like_a manner_n they_o plea_n to_o enter_v upon_o the_o sea_n flow_v between_o for_o so_o rivers_z that_o flow_v between_o two_o nation_n have_v be_v enter_v upon_o by_o both_o and_o then_o divide_v he_o allege_v other_o thing_n also_o touch_v the_o right_n of_o primarie_a occupation_n by_o sea_n but_o so_o that_o for_o the_o most_o part_n he_o conte_v himself_o within_o creek_n and_o strait_n 19_o he_o say_v that_o not_o by_o any_o natural_a right_n or_o reason_n but_o by_o custom_n it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o appropriate_v or_o that_o it_o can_v not_o lawful_o be_v enter_v upon_o by_o right_a of_o occupation_n and_o that_o the_o custom_n be_v change_v if_o there_o be_v any_o in_o the_o ancient_a law_n that_o may_v hinder_v a_o private_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o reason_n of_o community_n must_v be_v change_v also_o but_o that_o it_o have_v be_v sufficient_o change_v appear_v abundant_o if_o i_o be_v not_o deceive_v out_o of_o what_o we_o have_v hitherto_o show_v you_o yea_o the_o very_a law_n as_o well_o municipal_a civil_a as_o intervenient_a of_o most_o nation_n make_v abundant_o to_o this_o purpose_n as_o it_o have_v be_v prove_v moreover_o that_o nothing_o may_v be_v want_v to_o weigh_v down_o the_o balance_n therefore_o beside_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o civil_a lawyer_n before_o allege_v out_o of_o france_n spain_n and_o italy_n for_o a_o private_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n let_v this_o over_o and_o above_o be_v add_v which_o be_v take_v out_o of_o that_o sort_n of_o lawyer_n also_o discourse_v in_o general_a term_n about_o the_o sea_n i_o here_o give_v it_o you_o as_o it_o be_v compose_v by_o a_o lawyer_n none_o of_o the_o mean_a in_o the_o roman-german_a empire_n by_o name_n 97._o regenerus_fw-la sixtinus_n who_o be_v indeed_o against_o private_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o matter_n in_o question_n say_v he_o concern_v the_o sea_n and_o its_o shore_n be_v whether_o as_o river_n that_o be_v navigable_a and_o by_o which_o other_o be_v make_v navigable_a they_o may_v be_v reckon_v inter_v regalia_z among_o the_o prince_n royalty_n for_o whatsoëver_o be_v repute_v a_o part_n of_o those_o regalia_z or_o royalty_n be_v as_o private_a or_o peculiar_a to_o prince_n as_o that_o be_v to_o subject_n which_o be_v their_o own_o for_o which_o cause_n the_o revenue_n of_o the_o exchequer_n be_v private_a after_o the_o same_o manner_n so_o also_o whether_o the_o sea_n itself_o and_o its_o shore_n be_v comprise_v within_o those_o regalia_z cacheranus_n decis_n 155._o n._n 81._o ferrarius_fw-la montanus_n de_fw-fr feud_n lib._n 5._o c._n 7._o piscandi_fw-la reckon_n the_o regulation_n and_o the_o very_a dominion_n also_o of_o the_o sea_n among_o the_o regalia_z nor_o do_v he_o make_v any_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o sea_n and_o a_o public_a river_n mynsingerus_n also_o resp._n 1_o nu_fw-la 162._o decad._n 11._o say_v that_o the_o propriety_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v a_o part_n of_o those_o regalia_z but_o sixtinus_n himself_o discourse_v upon_o this_o matter_n just_a as_o they_o do_v that_o be_v more_o addict_v than_o they_o ought_v to_o the_o word_n of_o ulpian_n and_o number_v up_o those_o autor_n that_o be_v of_o the_o contrary_a opinion_n conclude_n thus_o but_o more_o true_a it_o be_v that_o a_o propriety_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o shore_n be_v not_o by_o the_o common_a law_n to_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o regalia_z but_o upon_o due_a consideration_n of_o all_o those_o particular_n which_o hitherto_o have_v be_v produce_v out_o of_o the_o custom_n of_o so_o many_o age_n and_o nation_n and_o as_o well_o out_o of_o the_o civil_a as_o the_o common_a or_o intervenient_a law_n of_o most_o nation_n no_o man_n i_o suppose_v will_v question_v but_o that_o there_o remain_n not_o either_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o sea_n itself_o or_o in_o the_o law_n either_o
divine_a natural_a or_o of_o nation_n any_o thing_n which_o may_v so_o oppose_v the_o private_a dominion_n thereof_o that_o it_o can_v be_v admit_v by_o every_o kind_n of_o law_n even_o the_o most_o approve_a and_o so_o that_o any_o kind_n of_o sea_n whatsoëver_o may_v by_o any_o sort_n of_o law_n whatsoëver_o be_v capable_a of_o private_a dominion_n which_o be_v the_o thing_n i_o intend_v to_o prove_v the_o end_n of_o the_o first_o book_n touch_v the_o dominion_n or_o ownership_n of_o the_o sea_n book_n ii_o the_o order_n or_o method_n of_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v to_o be_v handle_v in_o this_o book_n the_o british_a ocean_n divide_v into_o four_o part_n chap._n i._n have_v make_v it_o evident_a in_o the_o former_a book_n that_o the_o sea_n be_v capable_a of_o private_a dominion_n as_o well_o as_o the_o land_n and_o that_o by_o all_o kind_n of_o law_n whether_o we_o serious_o consider_v the_o divine_a or_o natural_a or_o any_o law_n of_o nation_n whatsoëver_o it_o remain_n next_o that_o we_o discourse_n touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o great_a britain_n in_o the_o sea_n encompass_v it_o about_o and_o of_o those_o large_a testimony_n whereby_o it_o be_v assert_v and_o maintain_v wherein_o this_o method_n be_v observe_v that_o in_o the_o first_o place_n we_o premise_v both_o the_o distribution_n and_o various_a appellation_n of_o the_o sea_n flow_v about_o it_o in_o order_n to_o the_o discourse_n then_o it_o shall_v be_v show_v from_o all_o antiquity_n down_o to_o our_o time_n without_o interruption_n that_o those_o who_o by_o reason_n of_o so_o frequent_a alteration_n of_o the_o state_n of_o affair_n have_v reign_v here_o whether_o britain_n roman_n saxon_n dane_n and_o norman_n and_o so_o the_o follow_a king_n each_o one_o according_a to_o the_o various_a latitude_n of_o his_o empire_n have_v enjoy_v the_o dominion_n of_o that_o sea_n by_o perpetual_a occupation_n that_o be_v to_o say_v by_o use_v and_o enjoy_v it_o as_o their_o own_o after_o a_o peculiar_a manner_n as_o a_o undoubted_a portion_n either_o of_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o british_a empire_n or_o of_o some_o part_n thereof_o according_a to_o the_o state_n and_o condition_n of_o such_o as_o have_v rule_v it_o or_o as_o a_o inseparable_a appendant_a of_o this_o land_n last_o that_o the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n have_v have_v a_o peculiar_a dominion_n or_o propriety_n over_o the_o sea_n flow_v about_o it_o as_o a_o bind_v not_o bound_v their_o empire_n but_o to_o borrow_v the_o term_n use_v by_o surveior_n of_o land_n as_o bound_v by_o it_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o over_o the_o island_n itself_o and_o the_o other_o neighbour_a isle_n which_o they_o possess_v about_o it_o the_o sea_n encompass_v great_a britain_n which_o in_o general_a we_o term_v the_o british_a sea_n be_v divide_v into_o four_o part_n according_a to_o the_o four_o quarter_n of_o the_o world_n on_o the_o west_n lie_v the_o vergivian_n sea_n which_o also_o take_v the_o name_n of_o the_o deucaledonian_n where_o it_o wash_v the_o coast_n of_o scotland_n and_o of_o this_o vergivian_n wherein_o ireland_n be_v situate_a the_o irish_a sea_n be_v reckon_v to_o be_v a_o part_n call_v in_o ancient_a time_n the_o britannia_fw-la scythian_a vale_n but_o now_o the_o channel_n of_o s_o t_o george_n so_o that_o as_o well_o that_o which_o wash_v the_o western_a coast_n of_o ireland_n as_o that_o which_o flowe'_v between_o great_a britain_n and_o ireland_n be_v to_o be_v call_v the_o british_a sea_n for_o not_o only_o this_o which_o of_o old_a be_v call_v great_a britain_n and_o sometime_o simple_o the_o aegyptiacà _fw-la great_a island_n but_o also_o the_o isle_n of_o ireland_n with_o the_o other_o adjacent_a isle_n be_v term_v britanniae_fw-la so_o that_o many_o time_n albion_n and_o ireland_n be_v equal_o call_v british_n isle_n and_o britannides_n as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o strabo_n ptolemy_n marcianus_n heracleötes_n pliny_n eustathius_n upon_o dionysius_n afer_n and_o other_o moreover_o ireland_n be_v call_v by_o ptolemy_n 2._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d little_a britain_n and_o say_v ethelward_o a_o ancient_a writer_n 4._o they_o go_v to_o ireland_n call_v heretofore_o britannides_n by_o the_o great_a julius_n caesar._n perhaps_o he_o have_v a_o more_o perfect_a copy_n of_o julius_n caesar_n book_n for_o in_o none_o of_o his_o commentary_n which_o we_o use_v be_v ireland_n call_v by_o that_o name_n and_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v by_o 7._o learned_a man_n that_o that_o book_n have_v be_v maim_v and_o alter_v by_o one_o julius_n celsus_n who_o name_n we_o find_v now_o and_o then_o in_o the_o manuscript_n copies_n towards_o the_o north_n this_o sea_n be_v name_v the_o northern_a caledonian_n and_o deucaledonian_n sea_n wherein_o lie_v scatter_v the_o orcades_n island_n thule_n and_o other_o which_o be_v call_v the_o british_a or_o albionian_a isle_n yea_o and_o 218._o britannides_n give_v name_n to_o the_o neighbour_a sea_n and_o indeed_o thule_n which_o some_o will_v have_v to_o be_v island_n other_o and_o that_o with_o most_o reason_n do_v conceiv_o it_o to_o be_v the_o big_a of_o the_o 850._o shetland_n or_o zetland_n isle_n call_v â—hilensel_n by_o the_o dimensione_n seaman_n and_o some_o there_o be_v again_o that_o think_v otherwise_o be_v of_o old_a not_o only_o term_v a_o british_a isle_n but_o also_o by_o some_o express_o place_v in_o britain_n itself_o mahumedes_n acharranides_n a_o arabian_a call_v likewise_o aracensis_n and_o albategnius_n a_o famous_a mathematician_n who_o live_v above_o nine_o hundred_o year_n ago_o say_v 6._o some_o observe_v the_o breadth_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o the_o equinoctial_a line_n towards_o the_o north_n have_v find_v it_o to_o be_v determine_v by_o the_o isle_n thule_n which_o be_v in_o britain_n where_o the_o long_a day_n be_v xx_o â—ours_n that_o be_v to_o say_v ptolemy_n and_o his_o â—ollowers_n who_o by_o draw_v a_o line_n on_o the_o northside_n of_o thule_n or_o the_o shetland_n isle_n through_o 63_o degree_n and_o a_o quarter_n of_o northern_a latitude_n have_v set_v it_o down_o for_o the_o utmost_a bind_v of_o the_o habitable_a world_n yea_o and_o some_o have_v use_v the_o name_n of_o thule_n for_o britain_n itself_o or_o england_n in_o time_n past_a the_o emperor_n of_o constantinople_n be_v wont_a to_o have_v trusty_a guard_n call_v barrangi_n constant_o attend_v his_o person_n who_o be_v take_v out_o of_o england_n as_o appear_v out_o of_o 2._o nicetas_n choniates_n and_o codinus_n also_o who_o be_v keeper_n of_o the_o palace_n constantinop_n write_v that_o they_o be_v wont_a to_o salute_v the_o emperor_n with_o a_o loud_a voice_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o english_a tongue_n but_o in_o the_o story_n of_o 2._o anna_n comnena_n the_o daughter_n of_o alexius_n it_o be_v say_v express_o that_o they_o come_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d from_o the_o island_n of_o thule_n in_o like_a manner_n all_o the_o island_n either_o know_v or_o hear_v of_o in_o this_o northern_a sea_n be_v at_o length_n call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o british_a the_o utmost_a bound_n whereof_o as_o also_o of_o thule_n itself_o some_o of_o the_o ancient_n will_v have_v to_o reach_v unto_o 67_o degree_n of_o latitude_n or_o thereabouts_o and_o albategnius_n speak_v of_o the_o sea_n as_o it_o look_n towards_o spain_n say_v 6._o there_o be_v xii_o british_a isle_n in_o it_o towards_o the_o north_n and_o beyond_o these_o it_o be_v not_o habitable_a and_o how_o far_o it_o stretch_v be_v unknown_a have_v make_v this_o preparation_n than_o we_o treat_v first_o concern_v the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o britain_n before_o they_o be_v reduce_v under_o the_o roman_a power_n next_o touch_v a_o dominion_n of_o that_o kind_n belong_v to_o the_o roman_n while_o they_o rule_v here_o continual_o and_o necessary_o accompany_v the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o island_n afterward_o it_o be_v make_v evident_a by_o such_o testimony_n as_o be_v find_v among_o the_o ancient_n that_o the_o english_a saxon_n and_o other_o who_o enjoy_v the_o supreme_a power_n in_o britain_n before_o the_o norman_n invasion_n have_v such_o a_o kind_n of_o dominion_n last_o according_a to_o the_o fourfold_a division_n of_o the_o british_a sea_n we_o set_v forth_o the_o ancient_a occupation_n together_o with_o the_o long_a and_o continue_a possession_n of_o every_o sea_n in_o particular_a since_o the_o norman_n time_n whereby_o the_o true_a and_o lawful_a dominion_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v the_o subject_n of_o our_o discourse_n may_v be_v draw_v down_o as_o it_o be_v by_o a_o twine_a thread_n until_o our_o own_o time_n moreover_o see_v both_o the_o northern_a and_o western_a ocean_n do_v stretch_v to_o a_o very_a great_a latitude_n this_o to_o america_n that_o not_o only_o to_o island_n and_o the_o shore_n of_o groenland_n but_o to_o part_n utter_o unknown_a and_o
so_o it_o can_v all_o be_v call_v the_o british_a sea_n yet_o because_o the_o nation_n of_o great_a britain_n have_v very_o large_a right_n and_o privilege_n of_o their_o own_o in_o both_o those_o sea_n even_o beyond_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o british_a name_n therefore_o it_o be_v think_v fit_a to_o touch_v a_o little_a upon_o these_o particular_n that_o the_o ancient_a britain_n do_v enjoy_v and_o possess_v the_o sea_n of_o the_o same_o name_n especial_o the_o southern_a and_o eastern_a part_n of_o it_o as_o lord_n thereof_o together_o with_o the_o island_n before_o they_o be_v bring_v under_o the_o roman_a power_n chap._n ii_o it_o be_v true_a indeed_o which_o a_o eminent_a man_n say_v 11._o that_o the_o sea_n have_v be_v enjoy_v by_o occupation_n not_o for_o this_o reason_n only_o because_o man_n have_v so_o enjoy_v the_o land_n nor_o be_v the_o act_n or_o intent_n of_o the_o mind_n sufficient_a thereto_o but_o that_o there_o be_v a_o necessity_n of_o some_o external_a act_n from_o whence_o this_o occupation_n may_v be_v understand_v therefore_o argument_n be_v not_o to_o be_v derive_v altogether_o from_o a_o bare_a occupation_n or_o dominion_n of_o country_n who_o shore_n be_v wash_v by_o the_o sea_n but_o from_o such_o a_o private_a or_o peculiar_a use_n or_o enjoiment_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o consist'_v in_o a_o set_n forth_o ship_n to_o sea_n either_o to_o defend_v or_o make_v good_a the_o dominion_n in_o prescribe_v rule_n of_o navigation_n to_o such_o as_o pass_v through_o it_o in_o receive_v such_o profit_n and_o commodity_n as_o be_v peculiar_a to_o every_o kind_n of_o sea_n dominion_n whatsoêver_o and_o which_o be_v the_o principal_a either_o in_o admit_v or_o exclude_v other_o at_o pleasure_n touch_v which_o particular_a we_o shall_v make_v diligent_a inquiry_n into_o those_o thing_n which_o concern_v the_o isle_n of_o britain_n through_o the_o age_n past_a down_o to_o the_o present_a time_n it_o be_v upon_o good_a ground_n conclude_v that_o the_o most_o ancient_a history_n whereto_o any_o credit_n ought_v to_o be_v give_v about_o the_o affair's_n of_o britain_n be_v not_o elder_a than_o the_o time_n of_o caius_n julius_n caesar_n the_o age_n before_o he_o be_v too_o obscure_v with_o fable_n but_o at_o his_o come_n we_o find_v clear_a passage_n of_o the_o britain_n ownership_n and_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n flow_v about_o they_o especial_o of_o the_o south_n and_o east_n part_n of_o it_o as_o a_o perpetual_a appendant_a of_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o island_n for_o they_o not_o only_o use_v the_o sea_n as_o their_o own_o at_o that_o time_n for_o navigation_n and_o fish_n but_o also_o permit_v none_o beside_o merchant_n to_o sail_v unto_o the_o island_n without_o their_o leave_v nor_o any_o man_n at_o all_o to_o view_v or_o sound_v the_o port_n and_o sea-coast_n and_o that_o the_o case_n stand_v certain_o thus_o it_o be_v no_o slight_a argument_n which_o we_o shall_v insert_v here_o out_o of_o caesar_n himself_o but_o allowance_n must_v be_v give_v ever_o to_o argument_n and_o conjecture_n touch_v time_n so_o long_o since_o past_a and_o go_v especial_o when_o there_o be_v a_o concurrence_n in_o the_o custom_n and_o testimony_n of_o follow_a time_n and_o as_o thing_n be_v place_v at_o too_o remote_a a_o distance_n so_o that_o they_o can_v be_v certain_o discern_v by_o the_o eye_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v more_o sure_o discover_v by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o triangle_n at_o hand_n so_o what_o uncertainty_n soêver_o may_v be_v in_o those_o proof_n that_o be_v to_o be_v bring_v out_o of_o so_o remote_a antiquity_n i_o question_v not_o but_o it_o will_v be_v make_v sufficient_o manifest_a by_o the_o continue_a and_o more_o certain_a usage_n and_o custom_n of_o late_a time_n as_o shall_v be_v abundant_o make_v evident_a in_o the_o follow_a discourse_n as_o to_o what_o concern_v the_o britain_n particular_a use_n of_o navigation_n in_o that_o ancient_a time_n without_o which_o a_o occupation_n of_o this_o kind_n can_v be_v have_v notwithstanding_o that_o at_o caesar_n first_o arrival_n they_o be_v 5._o terrify_v with_o the_o sight_n of_o that_o unusual_a kind_n of_o long_a ship_n and_o though_o at_o his_o second_o come_v with_o a_o multitude_n of_o vessel_n of_o all_o kind_n be_v 1._o reinforce_v to_o the_o number_n of_o eight_o hundred_o or_o as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o to_o a_o thousand_o they_o flee_v in_o a_o great_a fright_n from_o the_o shore_n not_o be_v sufficient_o provide_v for_o such_o a_o sea-fight_n as_o be_v then_o at_o hand_n and_o which_o they_o have_v never_o be_v acquaint_v with_o nevertheless_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o they_o have_v vessel_n of_o their_o own_o wherein_o they_o use_v to_o coast_n about_o the_o neighbour_a sea_n and_o so_o enter_v upon_o it_o corporal_o by_o occupation_n mention_n be_v make_v indeed_o by_o writer_n of_o some_o of_o their_o vessel_n more_o notable_a than_o the_o rest_n which_o they_o frequent_o use_v be_v frame_v with_o twig_n as_o the_o fashion_n have_v be_v in_o the_o more_o ancient_a nation_n and_o cover_v with_o ox-hides_a after_o their_o usual_a manner_n moreover_o festus_n avienus_n speak_v of_o the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o the_o oestrymnides_n or_o the_o island_n call_v the_o 6._o sillye_n with_o the_o rest_n lie_v about_o thus_o express_v himself_o maritimis_fw-la rei_fw-la ad_fw-la miraculum_fw-la navigia_fw-la junctis_fw-la semper_fw-la aptant_fw-la pellibus_fw-la corióque_fw-la vastum_fw-la saepe_fw-la percurrunt_fw-la salum_n it_o be_v strange_a there_o ship_n they_o frame_v with_o oxes-hide_a and_o scout_v in_o leather_n through_o the_o ocean_n wide_o and_o what_o he_o say_v of_o their_o continual_a care_n of_o traffic_n and_o custom_n of_o navigation_n concern_v other_o as_o well_o that_o be_v under_o the_o british_a government_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v conceive_v that_o these_o twig_n and_o leathern_a vessel_n of_o the_o britain_n be_v all_o of_o they_o unfit_a for_o make_v war_n by_o sea_n according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o that_o age_n and_o of_o the_o neighbour_a nation_n nor_o that_o they_o be_v less_o fit_a for_o long_a journey_n at_o that_o time_n see_v 16._o pliny_n write_v express_o that_o sometime_o they_o sail_v through_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o space_n of_o six_o day_n in_o like_a manner_n we_o read_v in_o the_o british_a 1._o history_n that_o about_o caesar_n time_n lud_n king_n of_o britain_n seize_v upon_o many_o island_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o a_o way_n of_o war_n which_o denote_n that_o he_o have_v a_o very_a considerable_a strength_n at_o sea_n and_o a_o well_o accomplish_a navy_n it_o be_v true_a indeed_o that_o there_o be_v small_a vessel_n among_o these_o as_o they_o be_v not_o where_o without_o they_o which_o doubtless_o be_v unfit_a to_o bear_v the_o brunt_n of_o a_o fight_n or_o tempest_n that_o be_v to_o say_v such_o as_o caesar_n make_v to_o transport_v his_o soldier_n over_o the_o river_n when_o he_o be_v straighten_v by_o asranius_n his_o army_n as_o he_o have_v be_v teach_v they_o be_v his_o 25._o own_o word_n some_o year_n before_o by_o the_o custom_n of_o britain_n the_o keel_n and_o rib_n be_v first_o make_v of_o slight_a matter_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o bulk_n of_o their_o vessel_n be_v wrought_v together_o with_o twig_n be_v cover_v with_o hides_n which_o we_o find_v mention_v also_o by_o lucan_n 4._o primùm_fw-la cana_fw-la salix_fw-la madâ—facto_fw-la vimine_fw-la parvam_fw-la texitur_fw-la in_o puppim_fw-la â—aesóque_fw-la inducta_fw-la juvenco_fw-la vectoris_fw-la patience_n tumidum_fw-la cireumnatat_fw-la amnem_fw-la sic_fw-la venetus_n stagnante_fw-la pado_n fusóque_fw-la britannus_n navigate_fw-la oceano_fw-la may._n of_o twig_n and_o willow_n board_n they_o make_v small_a boat_n cover_v with_o bullock_n hide_v in_o which_o they_o reach_v the_o river_n far_a side_n so_o sail_v the_o veneâ—â—_n if_o 〈◊〉_d flow_n the_o britain_n sail_n on_o their_o calm_a ocean_n so_o other_o there_o be_v also_o that_o write_v of_o these_o small_a vessel_n but_o they_o be_v not_o i_o suppose_v at_o least_o in_o that_o age_n to_o be_v call_v small_a ship_n which_o sail_v through_o the_o sea_n in_o six_o day_n space_n nor_o such_o as_o caesar_n make_v only_o to_o transport_v his_o soldier_n and_o convey_v they_o by_o cart_n above_o xxii_o mile_n according_a to_o his_o own_o relation_n it_o can_v be_v doubt_v therefore_o but_o that_o the_o britain_n have_v vessel_n make_v even_o of_o the_o aforesaid_a matter_n big_a enough_o and_o very_o fit_a for_o service_n at_o sea_n moreover_o there_o will_v be_v very_o good_a ground_n to_o conceiv_v out_o of_o what_o we_o shall_v deliver_v by_o and_o by_o about_o the_o exclude_v of_o their_o neigbor_n from_o the_o adjacent_a sea_n that_o they_o be_v wont_a to_o build_v and_o set_v forth_o ship_n of_o war_n of_o a_o far_o more_o commodious_a and_o solid_a substance_n for_o the_o guard_n of_o
say_v just_a as_o sicily_n corsica_n sardinia_n and_o other_o isle_n in_o the_o tyrrhenian_a sea_n have_v s._n in_o law_n be_v reckon_v part_n of_o italy_n yea_o and_o continent_n thereto_o for_o sicily_n after_o that_o the_o roman_n become_v lord_n of_o the_o adjoin_a sea_n flow_v between_o be_v call_v 19_o regio_fw-la suburbana_fw-la as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v part_n of_o the_o suburb_n of_o rome_n and_o all_o these_o together_o with_o italy_n and_o the_o sea_n itself_o make_v one_o body_n or_o province_n so_o all_o the_o british_a isle_n before_o mention_v with_o great_a britain_n and_o the_o sea_n flow_v about_o it_o may_v well_o be_v term_v one_o body_n of_o britain_n or_o of_o the_o british_a empire_n forasmuch_o as_o the_o sea_n as_o well_o as_o the_o isle_n pass_v always_o into_o the_o dominion_n of_o they_o that_o have_v bear_v rule_n within_o this_o nation_n from_o whence_o perhaps_o it_o happen_v that_o the_o roman_n conceive_v the_o british_a empire_n consider_v apart_o by_o itself_o to_o be_v of_o so_o great_a a_o bigness_n that_o mihi_fw-la britain_n do_v not_o seem_v to_o be_v comprehend_v by_o the_o sea_n but_o to_o comprehend_v the_o sea_n itself_o as_o it_o be_v express_a by_o that_o panegyrist_n that_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o british_a sea_n follow_v the_o conquest_n of_o great_a britain_n itself_o under_o the_o emperor_n claudius_n and_o domitian_n chap._n iu._n after_o that_o the_o more_o southerly_a part_n of_o britain_n have_v be_v bring_v into_o subjection_n by_o the_o emperor_n claudius_n and_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n take_v in_o by_o surrender_n the_o british_a sea_n as_o of_o necessity_n follow_v the_o fate_n of_o the_o island_n be_v together_o with_o it_o annex_v to_o the_o roman_a empire_n at_o least_o so_o far_o as_o it_o be_v stretch_v before_o that_o part_n of_o the_o isle_n which_o be_v subdue_v whereupon_o a_o 7._o poet_n of_o that_o age_n write_v thus_o to_o the_o emperor_n claudius_n touch_v the_o conquest_n of_o britain_n ausoniis_fw-la nunquam_fw-la tellus_fw-la violata_fw-la triumphis_fw-la icta_fw-la tuo_fw-la caesar_n fulmine_fw-la procubuit_fw-la oceanúsque_fw-la tuas_fw-la ultra_fw-la se_fw-la respicit_fw-la arras_n qui_fw-la finis_fw-la mundo_fw-la est_fw-la non_fw-la erat_fw-la imperio_fw-la that_o land_n where_o roman_a triumph_n never_o appear_v strike_v by_o thy_o lightning_n caesar_z down_o be_v hurl_v since_o thou_o beyond_o the_o sea_n have_v altar_n rear_v thy_o empire_n be_v bind_v be_v large_a than_o the_o world_n and_o then_o he_o go_v on_o euphrates_n ortus_fw-la rhenus_n recluserat_fw-la arctos_n oceanus_n medium_n venit_fw-la in_o imperium_fw-la euphrates_n eastward_o do_v thy_o empire_n bind_v and_o on_o the_o north_n the_o rhine_n the_o ocean_n in_o the_o middle_n be_v place_v do_v lie_v as_o part_v between_o here_o he_o say_v that_o the_o sea_n itself_o be_v with_o britain_n subdue_v to_o the_o roman_a empire_n as_o afterward_o also_o he_o speak_v more_o express_o at_o nunc_fw-la oceanus_n geminos_fw-la interluit_fw-la orb_n pars_fw-la est_fw-la imperii_fw-la terminus_n antè_fw-la fuit_fw-la but_o now_o the_o sea_n betwixt_o two_o world_n do_v flow_v the_o empir_n part_n which_o be_v its_o bind_v till_o now_o the_o british_a sea_n be_v the_o bind_v of_o the_o roman_a empire_n between_o france_n and_o germany_n but_o immediate_o after_o the_o conquest_n of_o britain_n it_o become_v a_o part_n of_o the_o empire_n he_o proceed'_v again_o thus_o oceanus_n jam_fw-la terga_fw-la dedit_fw-la nec_fw-la pervius_fw-la ulli_fw-la caesareos_n fasces_fw-la imperiúmque_fw-la tulit_fw-la the_o sea_n be_v subdue_v and_o though_o it_o be_v till_o now_o open_a to_o none_o to_o caesar_n sword_n do_v bow_n and_o then_o illa_fw-la procul_fw-la nostro_fw-la semota_fw-la exclusáque_fw-la caelum_fw-la alluitur_fw-la nostrâ_fw-la victa_fw-la britannis_fw-la aquâ_fw-la though_o conquer_v britain_n far_o from_o we_o do_v lie_v the_o water_n be_v we_o that_o on_o the_o shore_n flow'_v by_o he_o call_v the_o sea_n our_o water_n be_v no_o less_o conquer_v than_o the_o island_n itself_o from_o whence_o also_o he_o write_v that_o the_o roman_a empire_n be_v begird_v with_o the_o roman_a sea_n to_o wit_n after_o britain_n be_v subdue_v quam_fw-la pater_fw-la invictis_fw-la nereus_n vallaverat_fw-la undis_fw-la which_o the_o sea_n have_v fortify_v with_o unconquered_a water_n the_o empire_n of_o the_o water_n ever_o follow_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o island_n and_o 1._o seneca_n concern_v the_o same_o emperor_n and_o this_o sea_n say_v paruit_fw-la libre_fw-la diu_fw-la oceanus_n &_o recepit_fw-la invitus_fw-la rate_n en_fw-fr qui_fw-fr britannis_fw-la primus_fw-la imposuit_fw-la jugum_fw-la ignota_fw-la tantis_fw-la classibus_fw-la texit_fw-la freta_fw-la the_o long_a unconquered_a sea_n obedience_n give_v and_o though_o unwilling_a do_v his_o ship_n receiv_o he_o first_o the_o britain_n to_o the_o yoke_n bring_v down_o and_o with_o huge_a navy_n cover_v sea_n unknown_a moreover_o the_o same_o author_n in_o apocolocynthosi_fw-la jussit_fw-la &_o ipsum_fw-la nova_fw-la romanae_fw-la jura_n securis_fw-la tremere_fw-la oceanum_n he_o give_v new_a law_n unto_o the_o sea_n as_o lord_n and_o make_v it_o treamble_n at_o the_o roman_a sword_n this_o be_v plain_o to_o be_v understand_v of_o the_o british_a sea_n and_o hegisippus_n a_o old_a author_n represent_v the_o person_n of_o king_n agrippa_n speak_v to_o the_o emperor_n claudius_n say_v 9_o it_o be_v more_o to_o have_v pass_v over_o the_o sea_n to_o the_o britain_n then_o to_o have_v triumph_v over_o the_o britain_n themselves_o but_o what_o can_v they_o do_v when_o the_o element_n be_v once_o subdue_v to_o the_o roman_a empire_n the_o sea_n teach_v they_o to_o bear_v the_o yoke_n of_o servitude_n after_o that_o itself_o have_v upon_o the_o arrival_n of_o the_o roman_a ship_n acknowledge_v a_o unusual_a subjection_n hence_o it_o be_v also_o as_o 17._o suetonius_n say_v that_o in_o honour_n of_o the_o prince_n the_o resemblance_n of_o a_o ship_n be_v fix_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o imperial_a palace_n but_o these_o particular_n relate_v only_o to_o the_o more_o southerly_a part_n of_o the_o sea_n claudius_n never_o have_v any_o navy_n sail_n to_o the_o north_n for_o his_o conquest_n reach_v not_o so_o far_o but_o the_o roman_n sail_v about_o the_o island_n first_o in_o the_o day_n of_o domitian_n and_o then_o it_o be_v that_o they_o first_o discover_v and_o subdue_v that_o remote_a part_n of_o the_o sea_n tacitus_n in_o the_o life_n of_o agricola_n who_o be_v lieutenant_n in_o the_o province_n of_o britain_n say_v the_o roman_a navy_n sail_v then_o the_o first_o time_n under_o domitian_n about_o the_o island_n affirm_v this_o coast_n of_o the_o remote_a caledonian_n sea_n to_o be_v the_o isle_n of_o britain_n and_o he_o discover_v and_o subdue_v also_o those_o isle_n call_v the_o orcades_n which_o have_v be_v unknown_a till_o that_o time_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n also_o speak_v juvenal_n 2._o arma_fw-la quidem_fw-la ultra_fw-la littora_fw-la juvernae_fw-la promovimus_fw-la &_o modò_fw-la captas_fw-la orcadas_n we_o have_v bear_v our_o arm_n beyond_o the_o irish_a main_n and_o the_o orcad_n island_n which_o be_v late_o take_v late_o take_v he_o say_v that_o be_v in_o the_o time_n of_o domitian_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v a_o manifest_a error_n in_o eusebius_n hieronymianus_n who_o say_v that_o claudius_n add_v the_o orcades_n isle_n to_o the_o roman_a empire_n yet_o he_o be_v follow_v by_o orosius_n cassiodorus_n eutropius_n bede_n nennius_n ethelwerdus_n and_o other_o but_o the_o contrary_n be_v sufficient_o prove_v out_o of_o tacitus_n alone_o a_o very_a grave_a author_n and_o one_o that_o live_v at_o the_o same_o time_n but_o as_o to_o those_o passage_n find_v in_o 1._o valerius_n flaccus_n 1._o silius_n italicus_n filium_fw-la statius_n and_o other_o touch_v the_o caledonian_n and_o thule_n be_v subdue_v before_o the_o day_n of_o domitian_n they_o be_v so_o to_o be_v understand_v only_o that_o we_o be_v to_o conceiv_v either_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o poêts_n that_o the_o name_n of_o the_o more_o northerly_a britain_n be_v by_o the_o figure_n synecdoche_n use_v for_o all_o whatsoêver_n and_o thule_n itself_o for_o any_o part_n of_o britain_n or_o else_o that_o the_o caledonian_n general_o among_o the_o roman_n signify_v those_o britain_n that_o be_v but_o a_o little_a remove_v from_o the_o southern_a shore_n for_o even_o 10._o florus_n write_v that_o julius_n caesar_n pursue_v the_o southern_a britain_n into_o the_o caledonian_n wood_n that_o be_v plain_o into_o the_o wood_n of_o the_o more_o southerly_a part_n of_o britain_n but_o when_o julius_n agricola_n have_v in_o domitian_n time_n reduce_v the_o isle_n by_o force_n of_o arm_n both_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n and_o sail_v round_o about_o with_o a_o navy_n have_v discover_v the_o caledonian_n sea_n proper_o so_o name_v on_o every_o side_n which_o the_o britain_n as_o have_v be_v observe_v already_o call_v the_o secret_a part_n or_o closet_n of_o their_o sea_n
two_o different_a opinion_n some_o will_v have_v the_o shore_n of_o britain_n itself_o or_o that_o which_o be_v on_o this_o side_n the_o sea_n to_o be_v call_v only_o the_o saxon_a in_o the_o name_n of_o this_o dignity_n or_o command_n other_o will_v have_v it_o to_o be_v both_o the_o shore_n of_o britain_n and_o all_o that_o shore_n also_o which_o â—etche's_n a_o compass_n like_o a_o half_a moon_n from_o the_o western_a part_n of_o denmark_n as_o far_o as_o the_o west_n of_o france_n and_o lie_v over_o against_o britain_n but_o true_o they_o be_v both_o extreme_o mistake_v the_o author_n of_o the_o former_a opinion_n be_v guidus_fw-la 72._o pancirollus_fw-la who_o write_v that_o the_o shore_n or_o limit_v within_o the_o island_n be_v so_o denominate_v from_o those_o saxon_n who_o be_v call_v in_o hither_o by_o vortigern_n king_n of_o the_o south_n part_n of_o britain_n to_o his_o assistance_n the_o saxon_n say_v he_o possess_v part_n of_o the_o island_n from_o whence_o a_o limit_n or_o bound_v that_o be_v rear_v over_o against_o they_o by_o one_o that_o be_v make_v count_n be_v call_v saxon._n then_o which_o nothing_o can_v have_v be_v more_o ignorant_o speak_v if_o you_o reflect_v either_o upon_o the_o thing_n itself_o or_o the_o course_n of_o time_n for_o omit_v this_o that_o in_o the_o breviarie_n of_o dignity_n itself_o no_o mention_n be_v make_v at_o all_o of_o a_o saxon_a bind_v or_o limit_v but_o of_o a_o shore_n notwithstanding_o that_o pancirollus_n in_o the_o inscription_n of_o his_o commentary_n entitle_n the_o commander_n that_o we_o speak_v of_o count_n of_o the_o saxon_a limit_v throughout_o britain_n the_o breviarie_n be_v write_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o theodosius_n the_o young_a or_o in_o the_o year_n ccccx_n as_o learned_a man_n do_v common_o agree_v that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o that_o time_n the_o frame_n of_o the_o whole_a government_n of_o the_o empire_n both_o in_o the_o east_n and_o west_n have_v be_v overgrow_v long_o before_o be_v with_o very_o great_a diligence_n digest_v as_o it_o be_v into_o one_o entire_a book_n of_o office_n and_o dignity_n but_o the_o saxon_n as_o most_o of_o the_o ancient_n tell_v we_o come_v first_o into_o britain_n in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n ccccxlix_n but_o suppose_v what_o upon_o better_a consideration_n may_v perhaps_o be_v allow_v that_o their_o arrival_n ought_v to_o be_v reckon_v in_o the_o 238._o year_n ccccxxviii_n that_o be_v in_o the_o xxi_o year_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o theodosius_n the_o young_a yet_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n this_o be_v most_o certain_a which_o be_v here_o in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o be_v observe_v that_o britain_n be_v utter_o abandon_v by_o the_o roman_a governor_n before_o they_o be_v call_v in_o doubtless_o they_o be_v as_o britanniae_fw-la gildas_n write_v bring_v in_o by_o king_n vortigern_n to_o drive_v back_o the_o northern_a nation_n the_o pict_n and_o scot_n not_o the_o roman_n who_o have_v bid_v farewell_n to_o the_o island_n neither_o have_v though_o roman_n or_o their_o duke_n or_o count_n any_o thing_n at_o all_o to_o do_v within_o the_o isle_n with_o the_o saxon_n so_o that_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v gross_a ignorance_n in_o history_n and_o in_o the_o calculation_n of_o time_n to_o set_v down_o any_o saxon_a limit_v or_o saxon_n shore_n in_o the_o island_n itself_o whilst_o the_o roman_a empire_n flourish_v or_o have_v any_o kind_n of_o authority_n in_o this_o country_n nothing_o therefore_o be_v more_o evident_a than_o that_o the_o shore_n lie_v on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o sea_n over_o against_o the_o south_n and_o eastern_a coast_n of_o britain_n as_o we_o describe_v it_o before_o be_v call_v the_o saxon_a in_o that_o dignity_n or_o command_n moreover_o also_o that_o count_n of_o the_o saxon_a shore_n throughout_o britain_n be_v far_o more_o ancient_a and_o know_v by_o a_o addition_n thereto_o of_o the_o sea_n coast_n or_o of_o that_o sea_n which_o be_v comprehend_v in_o the_o roman_a jurisdiction_n throughout_o britain_n or_o in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o british_a province_n for_o nectaridius_n be_v invest_v with_o this_o dignity_n in_o the_o time_n of_o valentinian_n the_o first_o or_o about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n ccclxx_o as_o be_v testify_v by_o 27._o ammianus_n marcellinus_n where_o he_o say_v information_n be_v give_v by_o a_o messenger_n that_o britain_n be_v reduce_v to_o a_o extreme_a low_a condition_n by_o a_o barbarous_a conspiracy_n and_o that_o nectaridius_n count_n of_o the_o sea-coast_n and_o buchobaudes_n the_o duke_n be_v surprise_v unaware_o by_o the_o craft_n of_o the_o enemy_n nor_o be_v any_o difference_n to_o be_v imagine_v between_o the_o dignity_n of_o the_o count_n of_o the_o saxon_a shore_n in_o this_o since_o throughout_o britain_n and_o that_o which_o the_o forenamed_a c._n carausius_n receive_v at_o boulogne_n in_o france_n to_o scour_v the_o sea_n along_o the_o coast_n of_o rhine_n belgica_n and_o bretaigne_n which_o as_o eutropius_n and_o orosius_n say_v be_v infest_a by_o the_o french_a and_o saxon_n for_o that_o even_o he_o also_o have_v place_n of_o strength_n and_o mansion-house_n belong_v to_o his_o government_n in_o britain_n appear_v sufficient_o upon_o this_o ground_n that_o when_o maximianus_n have_v give_v order_n to_o put_v he_o to_o death_n he_o immediate_o usurp_v in_o britain_n and_o reign_v after_o for_o the_o space_n of_o seven_o year_n so_o the_o governor_n here_o or_o count_n of_o the_o sea-coast_n and_o the_o count_n of_o the_o saxon_a shore_n be_v ever_o account_v the_o same_o hold_v the_o sole_a government_n of_o britain_n and_o the_o sea_n belong_v thereto_o to_o who_o also_o we_o may_v add_v as_o differ_v only_o in_o name_n not_o real_o the_o perfect_a or_o admiral_n of_o the_o british_a navy_n under_o the_o roman_n mention_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n we_o confess_v indeed_o that_o the_o duke_n of_o belgica_n secunda_fw-la and_o the_o duke_n of_o the_o country_n of_o aremorica_n beforementioned_a be_v by_o the_o very_a nature_n of_o his_o place_n to_o afford_v supply_n for_o the_o guard_v the_o sea_n and_o this_o shore_n beyond_o sea_n for_o they_o also_o as_o have_v be_v observe_v have_v garrison_n seat_v upon_o this_o saxon_a shore_n but_o it_o be_v chief_o to_o be_v observe_v here_o that_o these_o beyond-sea-dukes_n be_v according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o their_o dignity_n or_o office_n to_o take_v care_n not_o so_o much_o of_o the_o shore_n or_o sea_n as_o the_o continent_n and_o that_o from_o thence_o as_o you_o see_v they_o take_v their_o name_n this_o from_o the_o tract_n of_o 6._o aremorica_n and_o eâ—reux_n ebroicae_n which_o be_v extend_v through_o five_o province_n aquitania_n prima_fw-la and_o secunda_fw-la senonia_n lugdunensis_n secunda_fw-la and_o tertia_fw-la which_o comprehend'_v the_o lesser_a britain_n and_o normandy_n contain_v almost_o all_o that_o which_o be_v common_o call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o gallia_n but_o the_o other_o have_v its_o name_n from_o belgica_n secunda_fw-la nor_o be_v there_o one_o count_n or_o duke_n of_o the_o midland_n country_n and_o another_o of_o the_o shore_n or_o sea-coast_n in_o gaul_n but_o in_o britain_n the_o count_n or_o duke_n of_o the_o midland_n part_n and_o the_o count_n of_o the_o sea-coast_n or_o saxon_a shore_n have_v distinct_a charge_n distinct_a force_n and_o the_o signal_n ornament_n of_o their_o office_n whole_o distinct_a just_o as_o if_o the_o roman_a emperor_n will_v have_v it_o signify_v by_o this_o very_a thing_n that_o as_o the_o sea_n it_o self_n do_v by_o particular_a right_n always_o belong_v unto_o the_o empire_n of_o the_o island_n so_o the_o sea-affair_n and_o their_o protection_n to_o the_o british_a command_n and_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o saxon_a shore_n or_o that_o beyond-sea_n but_o that_o both_o the_o duke_n of_o the_o continent_n or_o main_a land_n of_o gaul_n lie_v right_a before_o it_o be_v bind_v so_o to_o send_v relief_n as_o occasion_n shall_v require_v against_o the_o saxon_a invasion_n that_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o sole_a care_n of_o the_o sea_n itself_o as_o a_o particular_a province_n give_v in_o charge_n lay_v upon_o he_o that_o be_v make_v count_n of_o the_o saxon_a shore_n throughout_o britain_n and_o if_o any_o duke_n or_o count_n either_o of_o aremorica_n or_o belgica_n secunda_fw-la be_v call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o duke_n or_o count_n of_o the_o saxon_a shore_n as_o 96._o some_o will_v have_v it_o be_v do_v doutless_a upon_o this_o ground_n because_o the_o saxon_a shore_n lie_v over_o against_o we_o on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o sea_n do_v bind_v their_o land-government_n as_o it_o do_v also_o the_o sea-jurisdiction_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a count_n throughout_o britain_n nor_o indeed_o be_v that_o other_o opinion_n any_o more_o to_o be_v admit_v which_o say_v that_o our_o british_a shore_n be_v at_o that_o time_n call_v saxon_n
progress_n i_o may_v make_v during_o thy_o reign_n some_o late_a example_n tell_v we_o since_o the_o main_n the_o saxon_a be_v tame_v be_v grow_v more_o sure_a and_o britain_n from_o the_o conquer_a pict_n secure_v the_o protection_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v in_o this_o place_n plain_o conjoin_v with_o that_o of_o the_o island_n the_o same_o poet_n also_o to_o manlius_n theodorus_n the_o consul_n say_v hispana_n tibi_fw-la germanáque_fw-la tethys_n paruit_fw-la &_o nostro_fw-la diducta_fw-la britannia_fw-la mundo_fw-la spanish_a and_o german_a sea_n both_o yield_v to_o thou_o and_o britain_n sever_v from_o our_o world_n by_o sea_n there_o be_v the_o same_o dominion_n the_o same_o victory_n and_o the_o same_o guardianship_n or_o protection_n always_o both_o of_o the_o british_a tethys_n or_o sea_n and_o the_o isle_n itself_o for_o the_o german_a tethys_n in_o this_o place_n be_v that_o part_n of_o the_o british_a sea_n which_o flow'_v between_o belgium_n holland_n friesland_n the_o jutae_n and_o britain_n a_o little_a before_o there_o he_o set_z forth_o the_o hair_n of_o spain_n with_o leau_n of_o the_o palmtree_n and_o her_o mantle_n embroider_a with_o the_o river_n tagus_n and_o africa_n with_o ear_n of_o corn_n and_o ivory_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o it_o be_v stamp_v in_o the_o coin_n of_o antoninus_n pius_n both_o these_o be_v wash_v and_o almost_o encompass_v by_o the_o sea_n but_o the_o poet_n then_o understand_v that_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o adjacent_a sea_n belong_v to_o neither_o of_o they_o as_o it_o do_v to_o britain_n but_o as_o the_o palm_n and_o the_o river_n tagus_n be_v peculiar_a to_o spain_n as_o the_o ear_n of_o corn_n and_o ivory_n to_o africa_n so_o he_o will_v have_v it_o understand_v that_o the_o province_n of_o britain_n have_v the_o sea_n of_o the_o same_o name_n peculiar_a thereunto_o but_o yet_o it_o be_v to_o be_v conceive_v that_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o roman_n be_v so_o limit_v in_o this_o sea_n according_a to_o their_o possession_n of_o the_o shore_n that_o they_o have_v little_a power_n in_o that_o part_n of_o the_o british_a sea_n which_o border_v upon_o the_o shore_n of_o those_o british_a nation_n who_o be_v not_o under_o their_o obedience_n this_o be_v to_o be_v take_v chief_o of_o the_o irish_a sea_n and_o the_o rest_n that_o lie_v northwest_o for_o when_o the_o roman_a empire_n begin_v to_o decline_v not_o only_a ireland_n but_o the_o isle_n of_o man_n also_o and_o the_o other_o isle_n of_o the_o western_a sea_n and_o a_o great_a portion_n of_o the_o more_o northerly_a part_n of_o britain_n be_v possess_v by_o the_o scot_n and_o pict_n so_o that_o we_o have_v sufficient_a ground_n to_o conceiv_v that_o they_o also_o have_v a_o ancient_a dominion_n of_o their_o own_o in_o the_o neighbour_a sea_n and_o so_o let_v this_o serve_v to_o have_v be_v speak_v concern_v the_o empire_n or_o dominion_n of_o the_o british_a sea_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o roman_n as_o that_o which_o by_o ancient_a right_n no_o less_o belong_v to_o the_o isle_n and_o the_o empire_n thereof_o then_o either_o a_o wall_n or_o suburb_n unto_o a_o city_n now_o we_o pass_v on_o to_o the_o time_n of_o their_o successor_n touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o british_a sea_n after_o that_o the_o inhabitant_n have_v free_v themselves_o from_o the_o roman_a power_n chap._n ix_o when_o the_o roman_a empire_n be_v decline_v under_o the_o emperor_n theoâ—osâ—us_o the_o young_a and_o honorius_n and_o valentinian_n the_o three_o insomuch_o that_o they_o have_v not_o force_n sufficient_a to_o guard_v the_o city_n itself_o than_o the_o britain_n free_v themselves_o whole_o from_o their_o power_n about_o cccclxxx_n year_n after_o the_o arrival_n of_o julius_n caesar_n or_o in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n ccccxxx_n that_o be_v to_o say_v as_o 6._o zosimus_n write_v they_o cast_v off_o the_o roman_a government_n and_o settle_v a_o common_a weal_n after_o their_o own_o like_n then_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o well_o as_o of_o that_o part_n of_o the_o isle_n which_o be_v possess_v before_o by_o the_o roman_n return_v unto_o the_o native_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o saxon_n inhabit_v the_o shore_n over_o against_o we_o hankered_a after_o it_o who_o be_v a_o people_n extreme_o give_v to_o piracie_n the_o roman_n be_v wont_a to_o appoint_v a_o officer_n to_o drive_v they_o away_o call_v the_o count_n of_o the_o saxon_a shore_n throughout_o britain_n as_o have_v be_v show_v at_o large_a already_o nevertheless_o be_v send_v for_o by_o the_o southern_a britain_n destitute_a of_o all_o manner_n of_o succour_n from_o the_o roman_n to_o assist_v they_o against_o the_o scot_n and_o pict_n they_o at_o length_n get_v the_o whole_a power_n here_o into_o their_o own_o hand_n and_o so_o in_o that_o famous_a heptarchy_n of_o they_o the_o kingdom_n be_v ever_o account_v of_o in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o even_o before_o the_o time_n of_o king_n egbert_n it_o be_v under_o the_o power_n of_o some_o one_o king_n which_o all_o the_o rest_n acknowledge_v as_o supreme_a these_o be_v drive_v out_o by_o the_o dane_n but_o questionless_a they_o both_o have_v a_o dominion_n by_o sea_n conjoin_v with_o that_o upon_o land_n for_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v imagine_v that_o they_o who_o be_v so_o accustom_v to_o the_o sea_n and_o to_o who_o before_o that_o time_n 7._o pelle_fw-la salum_fw-la sulcare_fw-la britannum_fw-la ludus_fw-la &_o assuto_fw-la glaucum_fw-la mare_fw-la findere_fw-la lembo_fw-la it_o be_v a_o sport_n to_o cut_v the_o british_a main_n in_o leathern_a bark_n and_o plough_v the_o azure_a plain_n and_o who_o rower_n or_o mariner_n have_v you_o behold_v you_o will_v have_v think_v you_o have_v see_v so_o many_o arch-pirat_n as_o 6._o sidonius_n apoâ—tinaris_n say_v of_o the_o saxon_n and_o who_o do_v not_o only_o know_v but_o be_v familiar_o acquaint_v with_o the_o danger_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o very_a same_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v say_v of_o the_o dane_n also_o and_o norman_n for_o these_o name_n be_v promiscuous_o use_v do_v very_o often_o signify_v the_o same_o nation_n as_o be_v sufficient_o attest_v by_o regino_n dudo_n the_o monk_n of_o malmsburie_n abbo_n gemiticensis_n and_o other_o it_o be_v not_o i_o say_v to_o be_v imagine_v that_o these_o people_n have_v get_v possession_n either_o of_o the_o isle_n or_o shore_n to_o which_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o sea_n do_v so_o near_o appertein_a shall_v not_o in_o like_a manner_n have_v possess_v the_o sea_n also_o lie_v before_o it_o by_o right_a of_o dominion_n nor_o be_v it_o perhaps_o altogether_o unworthy_a to_o be_v consider_v that_o these_o saxon_n have_v so_o great_a so_o singular_a and_o admirable_a a_o acquaintance_n with_o the_o sea_n and_o sea-affair_n that_o by_o a_o exquisite_a observation_n of_o the_o tide_n and_o malinâ—s_n ebb_n of_o the_o sea_n they_o be_v wont_a to_o reckon_v their_o month_n and_o year_n yea_o and_o to_o frame_v computation_n of_o year_n thereby_o a_o thing_n not_o to_o be_v parallel_v by_o any_o example_n and_o as_o the_o more_o ancient_a husbandman_n use_v to_o reckon_v day_n and_o hour_n by_o the_o time_n of_o yoke_a their_o ox_n and_o as_o most_o other_o nation_n measure_v year_n and_o day_n by_o the_o course_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n as_o thing_n most_o to_o be_v regard_v before_o other_o in_o the_o improvement_n and_o various_a use_n of_o those_o land_n that_o they_o possess_v so_o these_o alone_o distinguish_v their_o yearly_a and_o monthly_a period_n by_o the_o mere_a reciprocal_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o they_o be_v so_o well_o acquaint_v with_o and_o by_o its_o various_a beat_n upon_o the_o shore_n in_o ebb_a and_o flow_v as_o that_o whereof_o special_a notice_n be_v to_o be_v take_v in_o that_o kind_n of_o life_n moreover_o as_o they_o say_v the_o egyptian_n derive_v their_o skill_n in_o geometry_n from_o the_o measure_n of_o their_o field_n after_o the_o inundation_n of_o their_o river_n nilus_n so_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v doubt_v but_o that_o our_o saxon_n derive_v this_o strange_a artifice_n never_o hear_v of_o in_o any_o other_o country_n from_o a_o very_a frequent_a use_n and_o perpetual_a observation_n of_o the_o sea_n concern_v which_o he_o that_o will_v know_v more_o may_v peruse_v our_o venerable_a 28._o bede_n first_o and_o after_o he_o 1581._o joseph_n scaliger_n 70._o dionysius_n petavius_n and_o olaus_n 11._o wormius_n but_o that_o the_o whole_a nation_n be_v very_o much_o accustom_v to_o sea-affair_n and_o not_o only_o those_o that_o border_v upon_o the_o sea_n may_v be_v collect_v from_o thence_o that_o otherwise_o it_o will_v hardly_o be_v believe_v that_o the_o nation_n itself_o can_v have_v keep_v a_o account_n of_o time_n and_o season_n by_o the_o various_a course_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o it_o can_v not_o possible_o be_v but_o that_o
defence_n of_o his_o kingdom_n against_o foreiner_n and_o the_o train_n up_o of_o himself_o and_o his_o people_n for_o warlike_a employment_n thus_o the_o guardianship_n or_o maintenance_n of_o the_o dominion_n by_o sea_n be_v evident_a but_o as_o concern_v the_o fleet_n aforemention_v they_o each_o of_o they_o consist_v of_o mcc_n ship_n and_o these_o as_o writer_n say_v express_o very_o stout_a one_o so_o that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o his_o reign_n the_o british_a navy_n consist_v of_o such_o ship_n to_o the_o number_n of_o three_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o sail_n as_o 975._o florentius_n and_o hoveden_n speak_v express_o but_o other_o write_v that_o these_o fleet_n amount_v to_o four_o thousand_o ship_n as_o coltoniana_n john_n bramton_n abbot_n of_o jorvaux_n other_o add_v to_o these_o three_o a_o four_o fleet_n whereby_o the_o number_n be_v increase_v to_o four_o thousand_o eight_o hundred_o sail_n as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o florilegus_n so_o as_o florentius_n also_o say_v he_o by_o the_o help_n of_o god_n govern_v and_o secure_v the_o bound_n of_o his_o kingdom_n with_o prudence_n fortitude_n justice_n and_o temperance_n as_o long_o as_o he_o live_v and_o have_v the_o courage_n of_o a_o fierce_a lion_n he_o keep_v all_o the_o prince_n and_o lord_n of_o the_o isle_n in_o awe_n we_o read_v also_o in_o ordericus_n vitalis_n of_o king_n harold_n or_o herald_n that_o he_o so_o guard_v the_o sea_n with_o a_o force_n of_o soldierie_a and_o ship_n that_o none_o of_o his_o enemy_n can_v without_o a_o sore_a conflict_n invade_v the_o kingdom_n so_o that_o we_o can_v otherwise_o conceiv_v but_o that_o these_o naval_a force_n be_v at_o that_o time_n dispose_v and_o the_o sea-fights_a undertake_v for_o the_o defence_n and_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o a_o appendant_a of_o the_o english-saxon_a dominion_n in_o this_o island_n especial_o if_o we_o due_o compare_v these_o thing_n already_o manifest_a with_o those_o which_o be_v add_v by_o and_o by_o to_o this_o particular_a touch_v the_o same_o age_n the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o english-saxons_a and_o dane_n during_o their_o reign_n in_o britain_n observe_v in_o like_a manner_n from_o such_o tribute_n and_o duty_n of_o their_o fiduciarie_n client_n or_o vassal_n as_o concern_v the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o navy_n also_o concern_v the_o tribute_n or_o paiment_n call_v danegeld_v which_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v levy_v for_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n chap._n xi_o here_o follow_v next_o the_o tribute_n and_o duty_n of_o vassal_n concern_v the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o navy_n or_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v evidence_n also_o of_o that_o sea-dominion_n which_o be_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o english-saxons_a i_o call_v those_o tribute_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v levy_v for_o the_o reinforce_a of_o the_o navy_n and_o for_o provision_n of_o victual_n for_o the_o seaman_n of_o which_o kind_n be_v those_o that_o be_v levy_v according_a to_o the_o value_n of_o man_n estate_n in_o land_n for_o the_o set_n forth_o of_o ship_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n ethelred_n for_o at_o that_o time_n whosoever_o possess_v cccx_o cassatos_n or_o hide_v of_o land_n be_v charge_v with_o the_o build_n of_o one_o ship_n and_o they_o be_v all_o rate_v proportionable_o after_o this_o manner_n who_o be_v owner_n of_o more_o or_o less_o hide_n or_o of_o part_n of_o a_o hide_n as_o cottoniana_n marianus_n scotus_n hoveden_n and_o florentius_n do_v all_o tell_v we_o in_o the_o very_a same_o word_n ethelred_n king_n of_o england_n say_v they_o give_v strict_a command_n that_o one_o galley_n shall_v be_v charge_v upon_o cccx_o cassati_fw-la but_o a_o coat_n of_o armour_n and_o a_o helmet_n upon_o nine_o and_o that_o ship_n shall_v be_v build_v throughout_o all_o england_n which_o be_v make_v ready_a he_o victual_v and_o man_v they_o with_o choice_a soldier_n and_o appoint_v their_o rendezvous_n at_o the_o port_n of_o sandwich_n to_o secure_v the_o bound_n of_o his_o kingdom_n from_o the_o eruption_n of_o foreiner_n but_o cottoniana_n henry_n of_o huntingdon_n as_o also_o matthew_n paris_n and_o florilegus_n speak_v of_o the_o same_o thing_n say_v the_o king_n charge_v one_o ship_n upon_o three_o hundred_o and_o ten_o hide_n of_o land_n through_o all_o england_n also_o a_o coat-armor_n and_o helmet_n upon_o eight_o hide_n then_o huntingdon_n tell_v we_o what_o a_o hide_n do_v signify_v but_o a_o hide_n in_o english_a say_v he_o be_v so_o much_o land_n as_o a_o man_n can_v till_o with_o one_o blow_n for_o a_o year_n other_o there_o be_v that_o determine_v otherwise_o touch_v the_o quantity_n of_o a_o hide_n and_o most_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o it_o be_v very_o various_a according_a to_o the_o different_a custom_n of_o country_n but_o the_o same_o with_o cassata_n and_o year_n carucata_n indeed_o the_o english-saxon_a chronicle_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o cottoniana_n abingdon_n do_v likewise_o mention_n hide_v here_o express_o in_o the_o year_n mviii_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d say_v they_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d man_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d hund_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d tynumaenne_fw-fr 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d helm_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o king_n give_v command_v for_o the_o build_n of_o ship_n careful_o throughout_o all_o england_n to_o wit_n that_o one_o galley_n shall_v be_v charge_v upon_o cccx_o hide_n of_o land_n but_o a_o coat-armor_n and_o helmet_n upon_o eight_o hide_n and_o it_o be_v usual_a according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o that_o age_n that_o the_o rich_a sort_n shall_v be_v tax_v by_o the_o number_n of_o hide_n as_o we_o see_v also_o throughout_o that_o breviarie_n of_o england_n or_o the_o book_n of_o rate_n call_v scaccarii_fw-la domesday_n which_o be_v first_o write_v in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n william_n huntingdon_n add'_v also_o that_o there_o never_o have_v be_v so_o great_a a_o number_n of_o ship_n in_o the_o time_n of_o any_o one_o in_o britain_n which_o be_v testify_v in_o like_a manner_n by_o the_o saxon_a chronicle_n before_o cite_v so_o that_o that_o most_o numerous_a navy_n of_o king_n edgar_n mention_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n be_v not_o to_o be_v compare_v with_o this_o but_o yet_o that_o most_o learned_a man_n and_o great_a light_n of_o our_o island_n m_o r_o 114._o camden_n have_v so_o cast_v up_o the_o number_n of_o hide_n throughout_o england_n out_o of_o the_o ancient_a record_n of_o that_o age_n that_o they_o do_v not_o exceed_v 243600._o if_o this_o have_v be_v so_o than_o they_o can_v have_v set_v forth_o no_o more_o than_o 785_o ship_n by_o this_o tribute_n which_o be_v a_o lesser_a number_n than_o that_o of_o king_n edgar_n by_o some_o thousand_o so_o that_o some_o other_o account_n be_v to_o be_v make_v concern_v hide_n which_o be_v not_o to_o be_v handle_v in_o this_o place_n hereunto_o belong_v that_o of_o huntingdon_n touch_v king_n canutus_n and_o his_o son_n harald_n in_o the_o day_n of_o harald_n say_v he_o as_o also_o in_o the_o time_n of_o his_o father_n eight_o mark_n be_v pay_v by_o every_o port_n for_o xvi_o ship_n in_o the_o like_a manner_n hoveden_n say_v there_o be_v a_o tax_n impose_v which_o be_v pay_v for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o navy_n when_o king_n canutus_n and_o king_n edmond_n make_v a_o agreement_n in_o a_o isle_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o severn_n call_v oleney_n moreover_o huntingdon_n write_v that_o 11048_o pound_n be_v raise_v by_o hardecanute_n king_n of_o england_n before_o he_o have_v reign_v two_o year_n for_o thirty_o two_o ship_n that_o be_v to_o say_v for_o the_o build_n of_o two_o and_o thirty_o ship_n he_o give_v command_v also_o as_o 1040._o matthew_n westminster_n say_v that_o eight_o mark_n shall_v be_v pay_v to_o every_o rower_n of_o his_o navy_n and_o ten_o mark_n to_o each_o commander_n out_o of_o all_o england_n he_o say_v again_o also_o of_o the_o same_o king_n that_o he_o appoint_v officer_n through_o all_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o collect_v the_o tax_n impose_v without_o favour_v any_o and_o therewith_o to_o provide_v all_o thing_n necessary_a for_o his_o force_n at_o sea_n and_o florentius_n say_v eodem_fw-la he_o give_v command_v for_o the_o pay_v of_o eight_o mark_n to_o every_o rower_n of_o his_o navy_n and_o twelve_o so_o we_o read_v it_o in_o that_o author_n to_o every_o commander_n out_o of_o all_o england_n a_o tax_n indeed_o so_o grievous_a that_o scarce_o any_o man_n be_v able_a to_o pay_v it_o but_o these_o thing_n speak_v of_o canutus_n his_o son_n harald_n and_o hardecanute_n relate_v perhaps_o unto_o that_o tribute_n or_o tax_n call_v danegeld_v which_o be_v pay_v yearly_a for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o navy_n and_o guard_v the_o territory_n or_o dominion_n by_o
sea_n among_o the_o old_a law_n of_o england_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o payment_n of_o danegeld_n be_v first_o impose_v because_o of_o pirate_n either_o robber_n or_o other_o invade_v the_o sea_n for_o they_o infest_v the_o country_n waste_v it_o as_o far_o as_o they_o be_v able_a therefore_o for_o the_o repress_v of_o their_o insolence_n it_o be_v determine_v that_o a_o yearly_a payment_n shall_v be_v make_v of_o danegeld_n that_o be_v to_o say_v twelve_o penny_n upon_o every_o hide_n through_o the_o whole_a land_n for_o the_o pay_n of_o those_o that_o shall_v be_v employ_v to_o hinder_v the_o eruption_n of_o pirate_n so_o we_o read_v it_o in_o some_o francofurt_n copy_n 102._o other_o render_v it_o irruption_n but_o the_o other_o read_v seem_v to_o signify_v that_o this_o tax_n be_v impose_v for_o the_o raise_n and_o maintain_v of_o naval_a force_n so_o to_o guard_v the_o sea_n that_o pirate_n or_o enemy_n may_v not_o be_v able_a to_o make_v any_o eruption_n from_o the_o shore_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o sea_n nor_o can_v the_o word_n eruption_n otherwise_o be_v well_o put_v in_o that_o place_n so_o that_o even_o that_o ancient_a dignity_n of_o the_o count_n of_o the_o saxon_a shore_n whereof_o we_o have_v already_o speak_v be_v therefore_o not_o obscure_o represent_v by_o he_o who_o command_v as_o admiral_n over_o the_o fleet_n of_o that_o age._n this_o tribute_n or_o tax_n have_v its_o beginning_n under_o king_n ethelred_n for_o he_o be_v bring_v into_o miserable_a strait_n by_o swain_n king_n of_o denmark_n be_v force_v to_o buy_v a_o peace_n of_o he_o hire_v xlv_o danish_a ship_n also_o by_o agreement_n for_o the_o guard_n and_o secure_v of_o his_o dominion_n in_o the_o sea_n who_o be_v to_o receiv_v their_o pay_n yearly_o out_o of_o this_o tribute_n for_o their_o maintenance_n for_o the_o right_a understanding_n whereof_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v out_o of_o the_o english_a saxon_a story_n that_o the_o tribute_n or_o tax_n usual_o pay_v at_o that_o time_n to_o the_o dane_n be_v of_o more_o kind_n than_o one_o there_o be_v one_o tribute_n or_o sum_n of_o money_n wherewith_o the_o english-saxons_a be_v force_v sometime_o to_o buy_v peace_n of_o such_o as_o grievous_o infest_a the_o island_n but_o another_o be_v levy_v to_o pay_v the_o danish_a navy_n which_o be_v hire_v to_o guard_v the_o sea_n and_o defend_v the_o seacoast_n the_o first_o kind_n of_o tribute_n appear_v by_o that_o of_o florentius_n and_o hoveden_n in_o the_o year_n mvii_o ethelred_n king_n of_o england_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o lord_n send_v ambassador_n to_o the_o dane_n give_v they_o commission_n to_o declare_v that_o he_o be_v willing_a to_o defray_v their_o charge_n and_o pay_v they_o a_o tribute_n upon_o this_o condition_n that_o they_o will_v desist_v from_o rapine_n and_o establish_v a_o firm_a peace_n with_o he_o to_o which_o demand_n of_o his_o they_o yield_v and_o from_o that_o time_n their_o charge_n be_v defraied_a by_o all_o england_n and_o a_o tribute_n pay_v which_o amount_v to_o 36000_o pound_n that_o be_v he_o effect_v this_o only_a for_o the_o present_a that_o he_o obtain_v a_o peace_n for_o a_o time_n by_o money_n which_o he_o can_v not_o by_o arm_n as_o florilegus_n say_v well_o four_o year_n after_o also_o all_o the_o great_a lord_n of_o england_n of_o both_o order_n meet_v together_o at_o london_n before_o easter_n and_o there_o they_o stay_v so_o long_o till_o payment_n be_v make_v of_o the_o tribute_n promise_v to_o the_o dane_n amount_v to_o forty_o eight_o thousand_o pound_n which_o we_o read_v of_o likewise_o both_o in_o florentius_n and_o 1012_o hoveden_n but_o this_o be_v pay_v to_o the_o intent_n that_o all_o dane_n which_o be_v in_o the_o kingdom_n shall_v in_o every_o place_n dwell_v peaceable_o by_o the_o english_a and_o that_o both_o people_n shall_v have_v as_o it_o be_v one_o heart_n and_o one_o soul_n as_o it_o be_v express_v by_o florilegus_n other_o passage_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n there_o be_v in_o the_o story_n of_o that_o age_n yea_o and_o some_o of_o a_o elder_a date_n yet_o this_o first_o kind_n of_o tribute_n be_v not_o wont_a to_o be_v pay_v yearly_o but_o levy_v now_o and_o then_o as_o occasion_v require_v notwithstanding_o it_o may_v be_v true_a perhaps_o which_o cottoniana_n some_o write_v that_o ethelred_n in_o the_o aforesaid_a agreement_n of_o the_o year_n mvii_o yield_v to_o pay_v every_o year_n a_o tribute_n of_o thirty_o six_o thousand_o pound_n to_o the_o dane_n for_o a_o long_a continuation_n of_o the_o peace_n we_o read_v here_o that_o he_o yield_v or_o grant_v but_o no_o where_o likewise_o that_o he_o pay_v it_o but_o as_o for_o the_o second_o kind_n of_o tribute_n which_o be_v to_o be_v pay_v as_o we_o have_v tell_v you_o for_o hire_v of_o the_o danish_a navy_n it_o be_v a_o yearly_a tribute_n and_o levy_v at_o the_o same_o time_n at_o least_o in_o the_o same_o year_n to_o wit_n of_o our_o lord_n mxii_o wherein_o these_o forty_o eight_o thousand_o pound_n be_v pay_v to_o procure_v a_o peace_n nor_o be_v it_o limit_v by_o any_o setsumme_n of_o money_n but_o so_o much_o as_o will_v serve_v for_o victual_v and_o clothe_v the_o force_n at_o sea_n florentius_n and_o hoveden_n in_o the_o aforesaid_a year_n say_v after_o these_o thing_n upon_o payment_n of_o the_o tribute_n mean_v that_o of_o forty_o eight_o thousand_o pound_n and_o a_o confirmation_n of_o the_o peace_n by_o oath_n the_o danish_a navy_n which_o be_v before_o in_o a_o body_n be_v dispose_v and_o disperse_v abroad_o afar_o off_o but_o xlv_o ship_n remain_v with_o the_o king_n and_o swear_v fidelity_n to_o he_o and_o promise_v to_o be_v ready_a to_o defend_v england_n against_o foreiner_n upon_o condition_n that_o he_o will_v provide_v they_o victual_n and_o clothe_v this_o be_v relate_v likewise_o in_o the_o english-saxon_a chronicle_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o 1012._o abingdon_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v the_o tribute_n be_v pay_v and_o oath_n of_o amity_n take_v the_o army_n or_o navy_n which_o be_v before_o in_o a_o body_n be_v disperse_v abroad_o but_o forty_o five_o ship_n of_o that_o navy_n remain_v with_o the_o king_n and_o promise_v upon_o oath_n to_o be_v ready_a for_o the_o defence_n of_o this_o land_n upon_o condition_n the_o king_n do_v find_v they_o victual_n and_o clothing_n swain_n be_v at_o that_o time_n king_n of_o denmark_n with_o who_o ethelred_n make_v this_o agreement_n but_o both_o the_o kind_n of_o payment_n aforemention_v be_v call_v danegelo_n danegeld_n or_o danageld_v that_o be_v to_o say_v danish_a tribute_n the_o first_o kind_n be_v express_o intimate_v by_o this_o name_n in_o 21._o joannes_n sarisburiensis_n where_o he_o say_v swain_n waste_v and_o spoil_v the_o island_n of_o britain_n the_o great_a part_n whereof_o he_o have_v in_o his_o possession_n and_o afflict_v the_o member_n of_o christ_n with_o many_o persecution_n by_o a_o imposition_n of_o tribute_n which_o in_o the_o english_a tongue_n they_o call_v danageld_v but_o the_o second_o kind_n which_o be_v pay_v for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o force_n by_o sea_n be_v call_v likewise_o by_o the_o same_o name_n both_o because_o it_o be_v occasion_v by_o the_o agreement_n with_o the_o dane_n as_o also_o because_o it_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v pay_v to_o the_o danish_a fleet_n that_o be_v hire_v to_o guard_v the_o territory_n by_o sea_n for_o which_o cause_n also_o it_o retain_v the_o same_o name_n not_o only_o under_o these_o danish_a king_n canutus_n harold_n the_o first_o and_o hardecanutus_n but_o also_o under_o the_o english-saxon_a or_o english_a and_o that_o this_o which_o we_o have_v speak_v be_v the_o original_a hereof_o be_v affirm_v also_o by_o ingulphus_n the_o abbot_n of_o crowland_n a_o witness_n beyond_o all_o exception_n who_o live_v at_o that_o time_n he_o speak_v of_o the_o affair_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n say_v 897._o in_o the_o year_n mli_o which_o be_v the_o ten_o of_o king_n edward_n in_o regard_v the_o earth_n do_v not_o bring_v forth_o its_o fruit_n in_o such_o plenty_n as_o it_o be_v wont_a but_o devour_v very_o many_o people_n by_o famine_n insomuch_o that_o many_o thousand_o of_o man_n die_v through_o the_o scarcity_n of_o corn_n and_o want_v of_o bread_n therefore_o the_o most_o pious_a king_n edward_n be_v move_v with_o compassion_n towards_o the_o people_n release_v that_o most_o grievous_a tribute_n call_v danigeld_v to_o all_o england_n for_o ever_o it_o be_v report_v by_o some_o that_o this_o most_o religious_a king_n be_v bring_v by_o his_o officer_n into_o the_o exchequer_n to_o see_v the_o danigeld_v that_o be_v collect_v and_o to_o take_v a_o view_n of_o so_o vast_a a_o heap_n of_o treasure_n stand_v amaze_v at_o the_o first_o sight_n
of_o the_o abbey_n of_o abingdon_n say_v of_o the_o same_o year_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o king_n command_v that_o 21000_o shall_v be_v pay_v to_o his_o army_n for_o so_o that_o fleet_n be_v call_v every_o where_n in_o english_a saxon_n which_o ride_v at_o greenwich_n here_o you_o see_v be_v no_o small_a difference_n in_o the_o number_n of_o pound_n but_o howsoever_o if_o it_o be_v to_o be_v conceive_v of_o the_o yearly_a tax_n or_o tribute_n than_o it_o be_v far_o less_o this_o year_n than_o it_o be_v reckon_v by_o those_o monk_n who_o speak_v of_o thirty_o eight_o thousand_o pound_n four_o year_n after_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n canutus_n who_o be_v a_o dane_n a_o far_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n be_v raise_v for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o this_o fleet._n that_o florentius_n who_o we_o have_v often_o cite_v say_v in_o this_o year_n that_o be_v mxviii_o seventie_o two_o thousand_o pound_n out_o of_o all_o england_n and_o one_o thousand_o and_o fifty_o pound_n out_o of_o london_n be_v pay_v to_o the_o danish_a fleet_n and_o there_o remain_v forty_o ship_n with_o k._n canutus_n but_o the_o rest_n be_v return_v to_o denmark_n of_o which_o year_n hoveden_n speak_v thus_o out_o of_o all_o england_n seventie_o two_o and_o out_o of_o london_n 410_o pound_n be_v pay_v to_o the_o danish_a army_n or_o fleet._n and_o there_o remain_v etc._n etc._n they_o differ_v about_o the_o sum_n not_o the_o thing_n wherein_o they_o agree_v with_o the_o english-saxon_a chronicle_n before_o mention_v yet_o these_o altogether_o speak_v contrary_a to_o that_o account_n of_o the_o certain_a sum_n as_o it_o be_v set_v down_o by_o the_o aforesaid_a monk_n but_o cottonianâ_fw-la matthew_n paris_n and_o matthew_n westminster_n say_v of_o the_o same_o time_n that_o cnute_n send_v home_o the_o danish_a fleet_n and_o stipendarie_n soldier_n except_o forty_o ship_n as_o appear_v by_o what_o have_v be_v say_v already_o have_v pay_v they_o out_o of_o all_o england_n eighty_o two_o thousand_o pound_n in_o silver_n also_o in_o the_o second_o year_n of_o king_n hardeâ—nute_n a_o tax_n be_v levy_v for_o the_o danish_a army_n or_o fleet_n amount_v to_o 21000_o pound_n and_o 89_o pound_n as_o huntingdon_n tell_v we_o we_o all_o which_o particular_n do_v i_o suppose_v sufficient_o demonstrate_v that_o the_o danish_a tribute_n here_o mention_v be_v not_o fix_v to_o any_o certain_a sum_n of_o yearly_a payment_n and_o also_o that_o a_o huge_a sum_n of_o money_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v pay_v yearly_o at_o that_o time_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n for_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o to_o what_o purpose_n else_o be_v that_o fleet_n always_o keep_v and_o so_o great_a tax_n levy_v every_o year_n for_o the_o maintenance_n thereof_o but_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o second_o the_o name_n of_o danegeld_n grow_v out_o of_o use_n tribute_n or_o tax_n be_v usual_o pay_v still_o notwithstanding_o by_o other_o name_n that_o be_v very_o well_o know_v for_o the_o guard_v of_o the_o sea_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v by_o and_o by_o but_o they_o be_v extreme_o mistake_v even_o they_o who_o agree_v either_o with_o john_n 57_o bramton_n the_o abbot_n of_o jorvaux_n or_o some_o other_o author_n out_o of_o who_o he_o write_v it_o or_o any_o other_o of_o that_o kind_n in_o derive_v the_o original_a of_o that_o yearly_a danegeld_n so_o often_o mention_v every_o where_o from_o the_o former_a kind_n of_o tribute_n which_o be_v pay_v to_o the_o dane_n for_o the_o procure_n of_o a_o peace_n and_o they_o also_o who_o 95._o will_v have_v the_o war_n to_o have_v be_v undertake_v by_o the_o dane_n and_o saxon_n against_o the_o britain_n because_o they_o deny_v they_o a_o freedom_n of_o navigation_n and_o that_o the_o end_n thereof_o be_v that_o this_o tribute_n be_v upon_o that_o account_n impose_v upon_o the_o nation_n when_o it_o be_v subdue_v now_o as_o concern_v the_o duty_n of_o fiduciarie_n client_n or_o vassal_n wont_a to_o be_v pay_v in_o that_o age_n for_o naval_a expedition_n and_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n we_o have_v set_v they_o down_o among_o those_o particular_n which_o be_v speak_v of_o king_n edgar_n in_o the_o former_a chapter_n the_o petty_a king_n or_o lord_n of_o the_o neighbour_a isle_n be_v bind_v to_o he_o by_o oath_n to_o be_v ready_a at_o his_o command_n to_o serve_v he_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n and_o in_o that_o famous_a breviarie_n or_o register_n of_o england_n call_v scaccarii_fw-la domesday_n contain_v very_o many_o custom_n in_o use_n among_o the_o english-saxons_a beside_o the_o assessment_n of_o the_o province_n and_o write_v in_o the_o time_n of_o william_n the_o first_o we_o read_v thus_o it_o be_v a_o custom_n at_o warwick_n if_o the_o king_n go_v by_o sea_n against_o his_o enemy_n to_o send_v he_o either_o iu_o batsuein_n sea-soldier_n or_o rower_n or_o else_o iv._o pound_n in_o money_n and_o at_o excester_n when_o he_o make_v any_o expedition_n by_o land_n or_o by_o sea_n this_o city_n serve_v after_o the_o rate_n of_o v._o hide_v of_o land_n barnestaple_n lydeford_n and_o totenais_n serve_v as_o far_o as_o that_o city_n that_o be_v these_o three_o town_n pay_v as_o much_o as_o excester_n alone_o moreover_o gloucester_n yield_v xxxvi_o dicre_n of_o iron_n and_o c._n iron_n rod_n fit_v to_o make_v nail_n for_o the_o king_n ship_n leicester_n also_o if_o the_o king_n go_v against_o his_o enemy_n by_o sea_n send_v he_o four_o horse_n from_o that_o town_n to_o london_n to_o carry_v arm_n or_o other_o necessary_n concern_v lewes_n also_o a_o chief_a town_n in_o sussex_n there_o k._n edward_n the_o confessor_n have_v cxxvii_o burgher_n at_o his_o service_n their_o custom_n be_v if_o the_o king_n go_v not_o himself_o in_o person_n but_o send_v other_o to_o guard_v the_o sea_n than_o they_o collect_v xx._n shilling_n of_o every_o man_n of_o what_o country_n soëver_o he_o be_v and_o provide_v man_n who_o be_v to_o look_v to_o the_o arm_n on_o shipboard_n here_o very_o express_a mention_n be_v make_v of_o the_o defence_n or_o guardianship_n of_o the_o sea_n itself_o and_o in_o colchester_n a_o eminent_a town_n of_o essex_n we_o find_v it_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o that_o age_n to_o pay_v out_o of_o every_o house_n six_o penny_n a_o year_n that_o be_v able_a to_o pay_v it_o for_o maintenance_n of_o the_o king_n soldier_n upon_o a_o expedition_n by_o land_n or_o sea_n etc._n etc._n and_o this_o aught_o to_o be_v the_o rate_n if_o the_o king_n shall_v entertain_v soldier_n or_o make_v any_o expedition_n all_o these_o particular_n be_v in_o that_o register_n and_o other_o there_o be_v in_o it_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n but_o a_o expedition_n by_o sea_n signify_v in_o these_o testimony_n not_o a_o war_n to_o be_v undertake_v for_o subdue_a the_o dominion_n of_o their_o neighbour_n land_n but_o most_o clear_o a_o preparation_n and_o enterprise_n of_o war_n for_o the_o guard_n scour_a and_o keep_v the_o sea_n as_o a_o part_n of_o the_o empire_n of_o britain_n as_o it_o sufficient_o appear_v out_o of_o the_o history_n of_o that_o time_n for_o we_o do_v not_o read_v that_o our_o english-saxons_a or_o dane_n have_v any_o other_o quarrel_n at_o that_o time_n with_o any_o of_o their_o neighbour_n whatsoëver_o unless_o it_o concern_v either_o the_o british_a island_n or_o the_o sea_n belong_v thereunto_o which_o also_o be_v especial_o to_o be_v consider_v the_o testimony_n of_o edgar_n and_o canutus_n king_n of_o england_n with_o other_o express_o declare_v the_o dominion_n which_o they_o and_o their_o predecessor_n have_v over_o the_o sea_n together_o with_o a_o observation_n touch_v the_o nation_n which_o in_o that_o age_n be_v seat_v upon_o the_o opposite_a shore_n chap._n xii_o that_o we_o may_v at_o length_n set_v a_o end_n to_o that_o fourfold_a distribution_n which_o we_o make_v of_o the_o testimony_n of_o that_o age_n let_v we_o in_o the_o last_o place_n add_v the_o express_a determination_n of_o king_n edgar_n and_o canutus_n concern_v their_o own_o dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n as_o for_o edgar_n the_o title_n which_o he_o common_o use_v run_v thus_o 8._o i_o edgar_n sovereign_a lord_n of_o all_o albion_n and_o of_o the_o maritime_a or_o insular_n king_n inhabit_v round_o about_o so_o he_o make_v the_o body_n of_o the_o british_a empire_n to_o comprehend_v all_o the_o maritime_a kingdom_n that_o lay_v about_o that_o be_v to_o say_v all_o that_o be_v situate_a in_o the_o british_a sea_n and_o this_o he_o more_o plain_o declare'_v in_o the_o charter_n or_o deed_n by_o which_o he_o settle_v revenue_n on_o the_o cathedral_n church_n of_o worcester_n in_o the_o year_n dcccclxiv_n if_o so_o be_v the_o copy_n be_v right_o render_v by_o those_o who_o many_o year_n since_o print_v so_o
sea_n for_o their_o respective_a kingdom_n and_o territory_n thus_o canutus_n be_v king_n of_o the_o king_n of_o that_o sea_n which_o he_o himself_o also_o sufficient_o declare_v when_o he_o express_o affirm_v in_o what_o be_v before_o relate_v that_o the_o sea_n itself_o be_v under_o his_o dominion_n and_o so_o much_o for_o testimony_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o british_a sea_n have_v be_v possess_v not_o only_o by_o the_o britain_n after_o they_o have_v cast_v off_o the_o roman_a yoke_n but_o also_o by_o the_o english-saxon_a and_o danish_a king_n moreover_o it_o seem_v they_o do_v use_v to_o take_v a_o kind_n of_o course_n for_o the_o strengthen_n and_o preservation_n of_o their_o dominion_n both_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n as_o the_o ancient_a german_n of_o who_o both_o dane_n and_o saxon_n be_v a_o part_n be_v wont_a to_o do_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o midland_n city_n among_o they_o say_v 6._o caesar_z it_o be_v the_o high_a glory_n to_o make_v very_o large_a depopulation_n and_o lay_v all_o the_o country_n round_o about_o they_o waste_v measure_v their_o honour_n by_o their_o distance_n from_o any_o neighbour_n and_o account_v it_o the_o only_a token_n of_o valour_n when_o none_o dare_v plant_v themselves_o within_o their_o reach_n and_o beside_o they_o think_v by_o this_o mean_n to_o render_v themselves_o more_o secure_a by_o remove_v the_o fear_n of_o any_o sudden_a incursion_n so_o it_o have_v be_v the_o manner_n of_o those_o that_o at_o any_o time_n have_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o britain_n to_o extend_v their_o dominion_n in_o the_o circumambient_a sea_n to_o the_o large_a circuit_n scour_v the_o sea_n about_o and_o keep_v other_o nation_n at_o a_o distance_n as_o it_o be_v from_o the_o wall_n or_o precinct_n of_o the_o island_n nor_o be_v those_o german_a city_n more_o master_n of_o that_o waste_n part_n of_o the_o country_n that_o lie_v about_o they_o than_o the_o king_n be_v of_o britain_n be_v over_o the_o sea_n of_o the_o same_o name_n but_o as_o we_o observe_v before_o of_o the_o scot_n and_o pict_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o roman_n so_o here_o also_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v of_o the_o norwegian_n or_o norman_n for_o many_o time_n they_o be_v to_o be_v take_v for_o one_o and_o the_o same_o people_n and_o other_o northern_a nation_n that_o those_o british_a isle_n which_o be_v situate_v in_o the_o west_n and_o northern_a sea_n be_v sometime_o so_o possess_v by_o the_o scot_n and_o pict_n as_o also_o by_o the_o norwegian_n and_o such_o other_o as_o infest_a the_o northern_a sea_n and_o invade_v the_o isle_n lie_v between_o they_o and_o britain_n that_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v doubt_v but_o they_o also_o according_a to_o the_o various_a alteration_n of_o their_o dominion_n by_o land_n succeed_v one_o another_o for_o that_o interval_n of_o time_n in_o the_o possession_n of_o a_o proportionable_a part_n of_o the_o sea_n also_o as_o a_o appendant_a to_o every_o one_o of_o the_o shore_n of_o britain_n the_o scot_n say_v a_o normannis_fw-la unknown_a author_n speak_v of_o the_o year_n dcccxlvi_o for_o many_o year_n become_v tributary_n to_o the_o norman_n who_o without_o any_o resistance_n enter_v and_o settle_v themselves_o in_o the_o isle_n lie_v round_o about_o and_o as_o touch_v the_o naval_a affair_n of_o the_o norman_n in_o our_o sea_n there_o be_v many_o passage_n to_o be_v see_v in_o regino_n the_o abbot_n aimoinus_n and_o other_o writer_n of_o that_o age._n but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n it_o be_v sufficient_o manifest_a that_o as_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o tumultuary_a &_o unsettle_a posture_n of_o affair_n in_o those_o day_n the_o dominion_n of_o the_o island_n itself_o be_v very_o often_o toss_v to_o and_o fro_o so_o also_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v in_o like_a manner_n attempt_v disturb_v invade_v recover_v and_o defend_v as_o that_o which_o do_v inseparable_o follow_v the_o dominion_n and_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o island_n we_o be_v not_o ignorant_a that_o in_o the_o french_a history_n there_o be_v now_o and_o then_o some_o passage_n that_o speak_v of_o their_o naval_a power_n in_o this_o age_n which_o be_v collect_v by_o 7._o popelinerius_n but_o there_o be_v nothing_o to_o be_v gather_v from_o they_o that_o may_v set_v forth_o the_o least_o sign_n or_o shadow_n of_o a_o sovereignty_n or_o dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n very_o few_o indeed_o be_v to_o be_v find_v and_o such_o as_o either_o concern_v only_o the_o defend_v the_o mouth_n of_o their_o river_n against_o the_o norman_n and_o dane_n than_o rove_a up_o and_o down_o our_o sea_n or_o the_o subdue_a of_o the_o friezlander_n and_o some_o of_o the_o neighbor-nation_n whereunto_o also_o some_o other_o passage_n relate_v which_o we_o shall_v mention_v by_o and_o by_o when_o we_o come_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o admiral_n of_o france_n several_a testimony_n concern_v the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n since_o the_o norman_a conquest_n set_v forth_o in_o general_a head_n chap._n xiii_o follow_v the_o order_n and_o method_n of_o our_o enquirie_n in_o the_o next_o place_n we_o treat_v of_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o britain_n since_o the_o come_n of_o the_o norman_n into_o england_n and_o in_o the_o first_o place_n our_o discourse_n shall_v be_v of_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o english_a sea_n or_o that_o which_o flow'_v between_o england_n and_o the_o opposite_a shore_n or_o havens_n of_o the_o neighbor-nation_n now_o whereas_o it_o be_v confess_v on_o all_o hand_n that_o all_o dominion_n be_v chief_o found_v upon_o just_a possession_n or_o occupation_n and_o its_o continuance_n and_o that_o possession_n be_v not_o suppose_v to_o be_v have_v by_o the_o act_n either_o of_o the_o mind_n or_o body_n single_o and_o apart_o as_o possessione_n paulus_n long_o since_o have_v well_o determine_v but_o be_v most_o firm_o get_v and_o retain_v by_o the_o joint_a concurrence_n of_o mind_n and_o body_n whereupon_o it_o be_v distinguish_v into_o retinendâ_fw-la civil_a that_o be_v where_o there_o be_v a_o right_a or_o title_n by_o law_n and_o natural_a or_o corporal_a and_o it_o be_v requisite_a that_o this_o dominion_n receiv_v a_o signal_n confirmation_n by_o a_o long_a continue_a assent_n a_o free_a and_o public_a confession_n or_o acknowledgement_n of_o such_o neighbour_n who_o it_o most_o concern_v first_o then_o as_o concern_v the_o corporal_n or_o natural_a possession_n of_o this_o sea_n as_o well_o as_o that_o which_o be_v civil_a or_o by_o law_n and_o be_v retain_v by_o the_o act_n of_o the_o mind_n we_o shall_v give_v you_o very_o ample_a testimony_n since_o the_o time_n of_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n and_o in_o the_o next_o place_n we_o will_v show_v how_o this_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v be_v acknowledge_v by_o those_o foreign_a or_o neighbor-nation_n who_o it_o most_o concern_v but_o forasmuch_o as_o what_o we_o shall_v thus_o speak_v of_o the_o english_a sea_n in_o general_n will_v chief_o relate_v to_o the_o southern_a and_o eastern_a or_o that_o which_o have_v the_o english_a shore_n on_o one_o side_n and_o france_n and_o germany_n on_o the_o other_o we_o will_v therefore_o discourse_n several_o of_o that_o which_o lie_v to_o the_o west_n of_o england_n and_o also_o of_o the_o scotish_n sea_n or_o that_o which_o lie_v more_o northerly_a as_o concern_v the_o possession_n of_o the_o english_a sea_n both_o corporal_n and_o mental_a or_o civil_a continue_v for_o that_o space_n of_o time_n which_o we_o now_o speak_v of_o with_o the_o like_a dominion_n arise_v and_o retain_v thereupon_o there_o be_v divers_a notable_a and_o very_a clear_a testimony_n thereof_o which_o for_o method_n sake_n we_o divide_v into_o eight_o head_n whereof_o i_o the_o custody_n government_n or_o admiralty_n of_o the_o english_a sea_n as_o a_o territory_n or_o province_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n ii_o the_o dominion_n of_o those_o island_n that_o lie_v before_o the_o french_a shore_n iii_o the_o leave_v of_o passage_n through_o this_o sea_n grant_v to_o foreiner_n upon_o request_n iu_o the_o liberty_n of_o fish_v therein_o allow_v upon_o courtesy_n to_o foreiner_n and_o neighbour_n and_o the_o protection_n give_v to_o fisherman_n v._o prescribe_v of_o law_n and_o limit_n to_o foreiner_n who_o be_v in_o hostility_n one_o with_o another_o but_o both_o in_o amity_n with_o the_o english_a make_v prize_n of_o each_o other_o in_o this_o sea_n vi_o the_o record_n whereby_o this_o dominion_n be_v express_o assert_v by_o the_o by_o as_o a_o most_o undoubted_a right_n and_o that_o noâ—_n only_o by_o the_o king_n but_o by_o the_o parliament_n of_o england_n when_o they_o debate_v of_o other_o matter_n vii_o the_o commentary_n of_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n and_o common_a custom_n of_o the_o nation_n which_o do_v either_o assert_v or_o at_o
least_o allow_v such_o a_o dominion_n viii_o some_o ancient_a testimony_n of_o inferior_a note_n all_o the_o testimony_n almost_o that_o be_v comprehend_v in_o this_o division_n be_v indeed_o domestic_a but_o so_o public_a and_o of_o so_o approve_a credit_n that_o hardly_o any_o thing_n can_v be_v imagine_v which_o may_v give_v a_o clear_a proof_n of_o possession_n whether_o civil_a as_o they_o call_v it_o consist_v in_o the_o act_n and_o intention_n of_o the_o mind_n or_o natural_a which_o require_n the_o presence_n of_o the_o body_n as_o it_o will_v appear_v to_o any_o man_n that_o plea_n to_o make_v enquiry_n especial_o if_o he_o add_v hereunto_o the_o judgement_n or_o acknowledgement_n of_o such_o foreign_a nation_n who_o it_o chief_o concern_v whereof_o we_o shall_v treat_v also_o by_o and_o by_o but_o of_o these_o thing_n several_o and_o in_o order_n that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n since_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n have_v perpetual_o enjoy_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n flow_v about_o they_o be_v in_o the_o first_o place_n prove_v from_o the_o guard_n or_o government_n thereof_o as_o of_o a_o province_n or_o territorie_n that_o be_v to_o say_v from_o the_o very_a law_n of_o the_o english_a admiralty_n chap._n fourteen_o as_o concern_v the_o guard_n or_o government_n of_o this_o sea_n there_o be_v three_o thing_n therein_o that_o deserv_v special_a consideration_n 1._o the_o bare_a mention_n and_o nature_n of_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o of_o the_o guardian_n or_o admiral_n thereof_o in_o public_a record_n and_o history_n 2._o the_o tribute_n and_o custom_n impose_v demand_v or_o accustom_v to_o be_v pay_v for_o and_o in_o consideration_n of_o the_o say_a custody_n and_o last_o the_o tenor_n and_o variety_n of_o commission_n belong_v to_o this_o guard_n and_o english_a admiralty_n or_o government_n by_o sea_n since_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n there_o be_v frequent_a mention_n of_o a_o guard_n or_o government_n institute_v for_o the_o defence_n and_o guard_v of_o the_o sea_n here_o call_v to_o mind_v those_o observation_n touch_v this_o kind_n of_o guard_n which_o have_v be_v already_o gather_v out_o of_o that_o record_n or_o breviarie_n of_o england_n call_v doomsday_n and_o king_n henry_n the_o first_o say_v florentius_n of_o worcester_n give_v order_n to_o his_o butsecarli_n to_o guard_v the_o sea_n and_o take_v care_n that_o no_o person_n from_o the_o part_n of_o normandy_n approach_v the_o english_a coast_n the_o same_o say_v roger_n hoveden_n in_o the_o very_a same_o word_n almost_o save_v only_o that_o the_o print_a copy_n err_v in_o put_v buzsecarlis_n for_o butsecarlis_n these_o butsecarli_n or_o butescarles_n in_o the_o old_a english_a language_n be_v officer_n belong_v to_o the_o navy_n or_o sea-soldier_n as_o hutesecarli_n be_v domestic_a servant_n or_o officer_n in_o court_n and_o that_o to_o guard_v the_o sea_n here_o signify_v to_o secure_v the_o sea_n itself_o not_o to_o defend_v the_o seacoast_n as_o sometime_o though_o seldom_o it_o do_v with_o land-force_n plain_o appear_v out_o of_o henry_n of_o huntingdon_n in_o who_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o the_o person_n who_o thus_o guard_v the_o sea_n be_v employ_v by_o the_o king_n to_o make_v war_n by_o sea_n against_o robert_n duke_n of_o normandy_n who_o be_v then_o prepare_v a_o expedition_n against_o england_n now_o those_o public_a record_n be_v lose_v wherein_o the_o royal_a commission_n for_o the_o delegation_n of_o this_o command_n or_o government_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v register_v all_o that_o space_n of_o time_n betwixt_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n and_o the_o reign_n of_o k._n john_n but_o from_o thence_o through_o all_o the_o succeed_a age_n unto_o this_o present_a time_n it_o be_v as_o clear_a as_o day_n that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v be_v wont_a to_o constitute_v governor_n or_o commander_n who_o have_v the_o charge_n of_o guard_v the_o english_a sea_n and_o be_v the_o guardian_n or_o governor_n thereof_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v some_o province_n upon_o land_n first_o of_o all_o there_o be_v 9_o entrust_v with_o the_o government_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o the_o maritimae_n and_o marinae_fw-la the_o maritime_a and_o marine_a part_n of_o the_o empire_n understand_v by_o those_o word_n not_o only_o some_o country_n lie_v upon_o the_o seacoast_n but_o comprehend_v the_o british_a sea_n itself_o though_o i_o confess_v it_o be_v not_o always_o so_o such_o as_o be_v to_o guard_v and_o keep_v it_o under_o the_o title_n sometime_o of_o custodes_fw-la navium_fw-la guardian_n of_o the_o ship_n but_o more_o frequent_o custodes_fw-la maritimae_n or_o marinae_fw-la in_o the_o sens_fw-fr aforesaid_a and_o in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o thomas_n de_fw-fr moleton_n be_v style_v 3._o captain_n and_o guardian_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o have_v authority_n give_v he_o to_o guard_v the_o sea_n and_o the_o maritime_a part_n of_o the_o eastern_a shore_n in_o the_o same_o king_n reign_n also_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o cinque-port_n be_v say_v to_o guard_v the_o dorso_fw-la coast_n of_o england_n and_o the_o sea_n so_o hugh_n de_fw-fr crequeur_n be_v warden_n of_o the_o 14._o cinque-port_n and_o of_o the_o sea_n in_o those_o part_n afterward_o the_o title_n of_o guardian_n or_o warden_n very_o often_o change_v into_o that_o of_o admiral_n edward_n the_o first_o say_v thomas_n of_o 1295._o walsingham_n for_o the_o keep_n of_o the_o sea_n divide_v his_o ship_n into_o three_o fleet_n set_v over_o they_o three_o admiral_n namely_o over_o the_o ship_n at_o yarmouth_n and_o the_o road_n thereabouts_o john_n the_o botetort_n over_o those_o at_o portsmouth_n william_n de_fw-fr leyburn_n and_o over_o the_o western_a and_o irish_a ship_n a_o certain_a irish_a knight_n moreover_o also_o that_o john_n de_fw-fr butetort_n be_v in_o the_o 5._o record_n of_o that_o time_n style_v custos_fw-la maritimae_n as_o be_v other_o also_o after_o this_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o second_o three_o admiral_n of_o the_o three_o several_a coast_n of_o england_n say_v 22._o walsingham_n have_v the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n namely_o sir_n john_n oturvin_n sir_n nicolas_n kyriel_n sir_n john_n felton_n we_o find_v moreover_o in_o our_o 2._o public_a record_n that_o the_o principal_a end_n of_o call_v a_o parliament_n in_o the_o fourteen_o year_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o be_v de_n treter_n sur_fw-fr la_fw-fr guard_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr pee_z de_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr &_o de_fw-fr la_fw-fr march_n d'escoce_fw-mi &_o de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mere_a i._n e._n that_o consultation_n may_v be_v have_v concern_v keep_v the_o peace_n of_o the_o land_n also_o of_o the_o border_n of_o scotland_n and_o of_o the_o sea_n the_o same_o regard_n they_o have_v to_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o of_o the_o island_n or_o land-province_n give_v we_o to_o understand_v that_o the_o land_n and_o sea_n together_o make_v one_o entire_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n other_o evidence_n of_o the_o same_o nature_n we_o find_v in_o the_o 21._o record_n of_o parliament_n of_o the_o same_o king_n time_n or_o in_o the_o consultation_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o realm_n have_v about_o this_o matter_n that_o whilst_o they_o treat_v indifferent_o de_fw-fr la_fw-fr saufegard_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr concern_v the_o safeguard_n or_o defence_n of_o the_o land_n or_o island_n and_o de_fw-fr la_fw-fr saufeguard_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mere_n the_o safeguard_n of_o the_o sea_n they_o seem_v sufficient_o to_o declare_v be_v well_o inform_v by_o their_o ancestor_n that_o the_o dominion_n of_o this_o as_o well_o as_o of_o that_o do_v belong_v unto_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n for_o the_o business_n debate_v by_o they_o be_v not_o only_a how_o to_o provide_v a_o navy_n to_o make_v resistance_n against_o their_o enemy_n by_o sea_n but_o for_o the_o guard_v the_o sea_n itself_o as_o well_o as_o the_o secure_n of_o the_o isle_n and_o so_o for_o the_o maintain_v the_o ancient_a right_n of_o their_o king_n in_o both_o in_o the_o time_n of_o richard_n the_o second_o hugh_n calverlee_n be_v make_v admiral_n of_o the_o sea_n say_v parâ—_n walsingham_n and_o m_o r_o thomas_n percy_n join_v in_o commission_n with_o he_o to_o scour_v the_o road_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o one_o year_n and_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o same_o king_n and_o likewise_o of_o the_o two_o succeed_a henries_n the_o four_o and_o the_o five_o debate_n be_v have_v in_o 6._o parliament_n about_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o six_o the_o guard_n 27._o of_o the_o sea_n be_v with_o a_o numerous_a navy_n commit_v to_o richard_n earl_n of_o salisbury_n john_n earl_n of_o shrewsburie_n john_n earl_n of_o worcester_n and_z james_z earl_n of_o wilts_n to_o who_o be_v add_v baron_n sturton_n and_o afterward_o to_o john_n duke_n
charge_n which_o indeed_o be_v a_o thing_n we_o hear_v not_o of_o in_o late_a time_n but_o that_o so_o it_o be_v in_o the_o reign_v of_o king_n henry_n the_o three_o and_z edward_z the_o first_o the_o record_n etc._n of_o those_o time_n do_v testify_v but_o afterward_o the_o universal_a custody_n of_o the_o sea_n except_v only_o what_o be_v extraordinary_a be_v commit_v by_o our_o king_n to_o the_o high_a admiral_n of_o england_n and_o to_o they_o alone_o or_o their_o deputy_n and_o appertain_v unto_o they_o now_o by_o a_o unquestionable_a right_n but_o when_o any_o person_n be_v entrust_v with_o that_o guardianship_n or_o custody_n the_o possession_n and_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n who_o intrust's_n or_o give_v we_o he_o the_o authority_n be_v comprehend_v in_o that_o government_n or_o command_n which_o also_o be_v confirm_v by_o word_n most_o express_a and_o home_n to_o the_o business_n in_o hand_n that_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o a_o libel_n or_o bill_n of_o complaint_n xxviii_o hereafter_o mention_v which_o be_v exhibit_v by_o a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o neighbor-nation_n to_o the_o commissioner_n of_o our_o edward_n the_o first_o and_z philip_z the_o fair_a king_n of_o france_n the_o dominion_n of_o the_o english_a sea_n assert_v from_o those_o tribute_n or_o custom_n that_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v impose_v pay_v and_o demand_v for_o the_o guard_n or_o protection_n thereof_o after_o the_o norman_a conquest_n chap._n xv._o concern_v the_o tribute_n or_o custom_n that_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v impose_v pay_v and_o demand_v for_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o english_a sea_n there_o be_v very_o ample_a ancient_a testimony_n all_o along_o since_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o norman_n and_o those_o thing_n which_o have_v be_v already_o mention_v touch_v the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n do_v not_o a_o little_a confirm_v it_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o tribute_n impose_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o english-saxons_a for_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v call_v danegeld_v of_o who_o original_a and_o use_v we_o have_v 11._o already_o speak_v be_v wont_v now_o and_o then_o to_o be_v pay_v heretofore_o under_o the_o norman_a king_n after_o the_o word_n there_o cite_v out_o of_o the_o ancient_a dialogue_n touch_v the_o exchequer_n about_o the_o payment_n thereof_o before_o the_o norman_a conquest_n it_o immediate_o follow_v we_o thus_o in_o the_o same_o dialogue_n in_o his_o reign_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o â—â—igâ—_n of_o william_n the_o first_o the_o dane_n as_o well_o as_o other_o robbert_n of_o land_n and_o sea_n restrain_v the_o invasion_n of_o enemy_n know_v this_o to_o be_v true_a which_o be_v write_v when_o a_o strong_a man_n arm_v keep_v his_o his_o house_n he_o possess_v his_o good_n in_o peace_n for_o they_o be_v not_o ignorant_a that_o resolute_a and_o valiant_a man_n will_v not_o let_v injury_n pass_v unrevenged_a therefore_o whereas_o the_o laâ—d_n have_v pay_v it_o along_o time_n in_o the_o same_o king_n reign_n they_o be_v unwilling_a to_o pay_v that_o every_o year_n which_o have_v be_v exact_v upon_o urgent_a necessity_n in_o time_n of_o war_n but_o yet_o they_o will_v not_o have_v it_o whole_o cashier_v because_o of_o sudden_a occasion_n therefore_o it_o be_v seldom_o pay_v in_o his_o reign_n or_o the_o reign_n of_o his_o successor_n that_o be_v only_o then_o when_o they_o either_o have_v or_o suspect_v a_o war_n with_o foreiner_n and_o among_o the_o 128._o old_a law_n of_o england_n we_o find_v that_o william_n rufus_n require_v aid_n of_o the_o baron_n for_o the_o regain_n of_o normandy_n out_o of_o the_o hand_n of_o his_o brother_n robert_n surname_v cortehole_n who_o be_v upon_o a_o voyage_n to_o the_o holy_a land_n danegeld_n be_v grant_v to_o he_o not_o establish_v nor_o confirm_v by_o a_o law_n that_o be_v to_o say_v four_o shilling_n upon_o every_o hide_n of_o land_n which_o be_v pay_v for_o defend_v the_o dominion_n by_o sea_n for_o that_o be_v the_o intent_n and_o end_n of_o danegeld_n according_a to_o its_o nature_n and_o original_n moreover_o francofurt_n roger_n hoveden_n say_v express_o that_o it_o be_v usual_o pay_v until_o the_o time_n of_o king_n stephen_n he_o speak_v of_o the_o promise_n which_o he_o make_v at_o the_o time_n of_o his_o coronation_n say_v three_o he_o promise_v that_o he_o will_v remit_v danegeld_v for_o ever_o that_o be_v two_o shilling_n upon_o a_o hide_n which_o his_o predecessor_n be_v go_v to_o take_v every_o year_n the_o same_o also_o be_v affirm_v by_o matthew_n paris_n and_o cottonianâ_fw-la roger_n of_o wendover_n out_o of_o who_o the_o chronicle_n set_v forth_o by_o matthew_n until_o the_o nineteenth_o year_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o or_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n mccxxxv_o be_v whole_o take_v they_o say_v of_o king_n stephen_n tertiò_fw-la vovit_fw-la quòd_fw-la danegeld_n id_fw-la est_fw-la &_o qualibet_fw-la ydâ_fw-la terrae_fw-la dvos_fw-la solidos_fw-la quos_fw-la antecessores_fw-la ejus_fw-la consueverant_fw-la accipere_fw-la in_o aeternum_fw-la annis_fw-la singulis_fw-la condonaret_fw-la so_o indeed_o we_o read_v it_o in_o the_o cottoniana_n manuscript_n book_n of_o this_o matthew_n whereby_o the_o print_a one_o be_v to_o be_v amend_v who_o render_v it_o only_o thus_o tertiò_fw-la vovit_fw-la quòd_fw-la antecessores_fw-la ejus_fw-la accipere_fw-la consueverant_fw-la in_fw-la aeternum_fw-la annis_fw-la singulis_fw-la condonaret_fw-la but_o this_o also_o be_v add_v by_o hoveden_n these_o especial_o and_o divers_a other_o thing_n he_o promise_v before_o god_n but_o keep_v none_o of_o they_o as_o we_o be_v tell_v likewise_o by_o paris_n and_o wendover_n so_o that_o this_o tribute_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v pay_v in_o the_o reign_v of_o william_n the_o first_o and_o the_o second_o henry_n the_o first_o and_o king_n stephen_n also_o for_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o account_n of_o the_o exchequer_n that_o it_o be_v pay_v sometime_o in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o and_o after_o that_o it_o grow_v out_o of_o date_n another_o course_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v take_v very_o frequent_o and_o use_v as_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o land_n that_o pay_v and_o provision_n may_v not_o be_v whole_o want_v to_o maintain_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n by_o sea_n mention_n be_v make_v touch_v this_o particular_a in_o the_o court-roll_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o scaccarii_fw-la terrarum_fw-la ad_fw-la custodiâ—â—_n maris_fw-la agistatarum_fw-la that_o be_v of_o such_o land_n as_o be_v charge_v with_o a_o payment_n or_o tribute_n for_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n we_o know_v indeed_o also_o that_o it_o be_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n collect_v at_o that_o time_n under_o pretence_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o the_o pay_n and_o maintenance_n of_o land-force_n near_o the_o shore_n but_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o the_o sea_n itself_o be_v guard_v then_o with_o naval-force_n as_o well_o as_o the_o shore_n by_o land-force_n and_o so_o that_o that_o paiment_n belong_v either_o to_o the_o sea_n itself_o or_o else_o to_o the_o shore_n as_o well_o as_o the_o sea_n moreover_o subsidy_n have_v be_v demand_v of_o the_o people_n in_o parliament_n pour_v 6._o la_fw-fr salvation_n du_fw-fr royalme_n &_o the_o euâ—_n mesines_n &_o auxint_fw-fr de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mere_a de_fw-fr la_fw-fr march_n dâ—_n escoce_n de_fw-fr gascoign_n &_o des_fw-fr isles_n that_o be_v for_o defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o sea_n belong_v thereunto_o the_o scotish_n border_n gasooign_n and_o the_o isle_n thus_o the_o sea_n and_o its_o defence_n and_o dominion_n be_v reckon_v in_o a_o equal_a right_n and_o condition_n with_o that_o of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o border_n and_o the_o isle_n several_a other_o instance_n there_o be_v of_o that_o kind_n but_o that_o especial_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o this_o place_n which_o we_o find_v in_o the_o parlamentarie_a record_n of_o king_n richard_n the_o second_o concern_v a_o tribute_n or_o custom_n that_o be_v impose_v upon_o every_o ship_n that_o pass_v through_o the_o northern_a admiralty_n that_o be_v in_o the_o sea_n which_o stretch_v itself_o from_o the_o thames_n mouth_n along_o the_o eastern_a shore_n of_o england_n towards_o the_o north-east_n for_o the_o pay_n and_o maintenance_n of_o the_o guard_n or_o protection_n of_o the_o sea_n nor_o be_v it_o impose_v only_o upon_o the_o ship_n of_o such_o merchant_n and_o fisherman_n as_o be_v english_a but_o also_o by_o the_o same_o right_n in_o a_o manner_n upon_o those_o of_o any_o foreiner_n whatsoëver_o no_o otherwise_o than_o if_o a_o man_n that_o be_v owner_n of_o a_o field_n shall_v impose_v a_o yearly_a revenue_n or_o rend_v for_o the_o liberty_n of_o thoroughfare_a or_o drive_v of_o cattle_n or_o cart_n through_o his_o field_n paiment_n be_v make_v at_o the_o rate_n of_o six_o penny_n a_o tun_n upon_o every_o vessel_n that_o pass_v by_o except_o such_o ship_n only_o as_o
the_o saufegard_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o the_o intercourse_n of_o merchandise_n safe_o to_o come_v into_o and_o to_o pass_v out_o of_o the_o same_o which_o be_v the_o usual_a form_n of_o word_n that_o be_v to_o say_v these_o word_n be_v part_n of_o the_o preface_n or_o preamble_n which_o be_v usual_o place_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o any_o law_n or_o statute_n whereby_o that_o most_o know_a custom_n or_o impost_n of_o tonnage_n and_o powndage_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v impose_v for_o the_o keep_n and_o sure_a defend_n of_o the_o sea_n against_o all_o person_n intend_v or_o that_o shall_v extend_v the_o disturbance_n of_o we_o your_o say_a commons_o in_o the_o intercourse_n and_o the_o invade_v of_o this_o your_o realm_n so_o that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v ever_o be_v so_o account_v the_o arbitrator_n and_o lord_n of_o commerce_n throughout_o these_o sea_n that_o it_o can_v not_o lawful_o be_v hinder_v without_o his_o commission_n which_o true_o be_v a_o manifest_a evidence_n of_o that_o dominion_n or_o ownership_n whereof_o we_o treat_v and_o here_o you_o see_v also_o that_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o realm_n that_o be_v of_o the_o island_n for_o sometime_o the_o isle_n alone_o and_o sometime_o the_o sea_n also_o as_o i_o shall_v show_v by_o and_o by_o be_v comprehend_v in_o that_o name_n and_o of_o the_o sea_n as_o of_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v hold_v and_o possess_v by_o one_o and_o the_o same_o right_n be_v join_v together_o the_o tribute_n or_o custom_n aforementioned_a which_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v impose_v and_o the_o usual_a form_n of_o the_o same_o imposition_n may_v be_v see_v complete_a in_o the_o print_a act_n of_o parliament_n of_o k._n kdward_n the_o sixth_o and_o other_o follow_v but_o it_o appear_v most_o certain_a by_o the_o roll_n that_o the_o predecessor_n also_o of_o this_o edward_n who_o record_n be_v yet_o extant_a do_v enjoy_v the_o same_o or_o the_o like_a according_a to_o the_o various_a custom_n of_o the_o time_n observation_n touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o english_a and_o irish_a sea_n from_o the_o tenor_n and_o variety_n of_o those_o letter_n patent_n or_o commission_n royal_a whereby_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v put_v in_o authority_n chap._n xvi_o the_o usual_a form_n of_o commission_n whereby_o the_o high_a admiral_n of_o england_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v invest_v with_o authority_n for_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n run_v thus_o at_o this_o day_n as_o it_o have_v do_v also_o for_o very_a many_o year_n past_a we_o give_v and_o grant_v to_o n._n the_o office_n of_o our_o great_a admiral_n of_o england_n ireland_n wales_n and_o of_o the_o dominion_n and_o island_n belong_v to_o the_o same_o also_o of_o our_o town_n of_o calais_n and_o our_o march_n thereof_o normandy_n gascoigne_n and_o aquitain_n and_o we_o have_v make_v appoint_v and_o ordain_v and_o by_o these_o present_v we_o make_v appoint_v and_o ordain_v he_o the_o say_v n._n our_o admiral_n of_o england_n ireland_n and_o wales_n and_o our_o dominion_n and_o isle_n of_o the_o same_o our_o town_n of_o calais_n and_o our_o march_n thereof_o normandy_n gascoign_n and_o aquitain_n as_o also_o general_a governor_n over_o all_o our_o fleet_n and_o sea_n of_o our_o say_a kingdom_n of_o england_n and_o ireland_n our_o dominion_n and_o island_n belong_v to_o the_o same_o and_o know_v you_o further_o that_o we_o of_o â—uâ—_n especial_a grace_n and_o upon_o certain_a knowledge_n etc._n etc._n do_v give_v and_o grant_v to_o the_o say_v n._n our_o great_a admiral_n of_o england_n and_o governor_n general_a over_o our_o fleet_n and_o sea_n aforesaid_a all_o manner_n of_o jurisdiction_n autority_n liberty_n office_n fee_n profit_n duty_n emolument_n wreck_n of_o the_o sea_n ejectment_n regard_v advantage_n commodity_n preeminence_n and_o privilege_n whatsoëver_o to_o the_o say_a office_n our_o great_a admiral_n of_o england_n and_o ireland_n and_o of_o the_o other_o place_n and_o dominion_n aforesaid_a in_o any_o manner_n whatsoëver_o belong_v and_o appertain_v and_o afterward_o there_o follow_v very_o many_o other_o particular_n in_o the_o king_n commission_n set_v forth_o that_o most_o ample_a command_n and_o jurisdiction_n in_o former_a time_n as_o have_v be_v already_o show_v you_o this_o kind_n of_o commander_n be_v call_v custodes_fw-la maris_fw-la guardian_n or_o keeper_n of_o the_o sea_n who_o afterward_o begin_v to_o be_v invest_v with_o the_o name_n of_o admiral_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o but_o their_o command_n be_v usual_o restrain_v to_o certain_a limit_n of_o coast_n so_o that_o particular_a commander_n be_v sometime_o set_v over_o each_o of_o the_o three_o western_a southern_a and_o northern_a coast_n but_o for_o the_o most_o part_n over_o the_o western_a and_o northern_a seldom_o be_v one_o set_v over_o both_o before_o that_o the_o title_n of_o admiral_n of_o england_n ireland_n and_o aquitain_n be_v put_v into_o the_o commission_n of_o which_o more_o by_o and_o by_o but_o as_o the_o name_n of_o guardian_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v take_v from_o the_o sea_n itself_o whereof_o he_o be_v governor_n as_o of_o a_o province_n so_o that_o of_o admiral_n a_o word_n who_o original_a be_v very_o uncertain_a but_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o 2._o amiralius_n be_v use_v of_o old_a for_o a_o commander_n of_o a_o fleet_n or_o navy_n not_o only_o in_o the_o west_n but_o also_o in_o the_o eastern_a empire_n derive_v its_o name_n of_o dignity_n either_o from_o the_o fleet_n wherewith_o he_o defend_v his_o jurisdiction_n at_o sea_n as_o it_o be_v usual_a heretofore_o or_o else_o from_o the_o land_n either_o border_n upon_o that_o jurisdiction_n or_o join_v therewith_o as_o it_o have_v be_v in_o the_o late_a form_n of_o commission_n whereupon_o from_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o unto_o henry_n the_o four_o about_o one_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o year_n they_o be_v in_o solemn_a manner_n create_v admiral_n of_o the_o fleet_n or_o navis_fw-la of_o our_o ship_n towards_o the_o northern_a part_n or_o towards_o the_o western_a part_n or_o the_o southern_a or_o as_o it_o â—â—ll_v out_o sometime_o of_o both_o together_o for_o the_o southern_a and_o western_a coast_n do_v as_o appear_v by_o the_o thing_n itself_o signify_v one_o and_o the_o same_o that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o coast_n stretch_v here_o and_o there_o along_o the_o shore_n from_o the_o north_n of_o the_o thames_n but_o as_o the_o dignity_n of_o those_o officer_n call_v come_v and_o magister_fw-la equitum_fw-la of_o the_o west_n magister_fw-la equitum_fw-la throughout_o gallia_n magister_fw-la militum_fw-la throughout_o the_o east_n magister_fw-la militum_fw-la throughout_o thrace_n and_o other_o of_o that_o kind_n in_o the_o imperial_a office_n do_v no_o less_o denote_v the_o authority_n and_o jurisdiction_n of_o they_o that_o command_v in_o these_o province_n who_o before_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o province_n than_o if_o they_o have_v be_v call_v come_v and_o magister_fw-la of_o the_o west_n magister_n throughout_o gallia_n throughout_o the_o east_n and_o throughout_o thrace_n so_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o admiral_n of_o the_o fleet_n and_o navy_n whereby_o the_o sea_n be_v guard_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o land_n be_v possess_v by_o land-force_n do_v no_o less_o set_v forth_o the_o command_n and_o dominion_n and_o civil_a possession_n of_o those_o that_o have_v authority_n over_o the_o sea_n who_o before_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n then_o if_o they_o have_v be_v style_v guardian_n of_o the_o sea_n commander_n or_o admiral_n in_o their_o commission_n and_o such_o as_o be_v so_o constitute_v admiral_n of_o both_o coast_n or_o of_o the_o whole_a english_a navy_n be_v sometime_o by_o a_o general_a name_n revocationâ—_n call_v admiral_n of_o england_n over_o the_o sea_n before_o that_o form_n of_o word_n be_v put_v into_o the_o royal_a commission_n and_o of_o this_o sort_n of_o admiral_n you_o have_v a_o catalogue_n set_v down_o by_o that_o eminent_a man_n sir_n henry_n spelman_n in_o his_o glossarie_n where_o there_o be_v other_o also_o that_o follow_v but_o such_o a_o change_n happen_v in_o the_o form_n of_o the_o commission_n in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o four_o that_o there_o be_v one_o man_n appoint_v admiral_n not_o only_o of_o the_o fleet_n or_o navy_n but_o of_o england_n and_o ireland_n over_o who_o fleet_n of_o ship_n or_o navy_n for_o defence_n of_o the_o irish_a sea_n sometime_o a_o particular_a person_n be_v make_v admiral_n as_o be_v 15._o thomas_n percy_n earl_n of_o worcester_n yea_o and_o in_o express_a word_n also_o admiral_n of_o aquitain_n and_o picardy_n as_o be_v thomas_n beaufort_n who_o also_o be_v duke_n of_o excester_n under_o henry_n the_o five_o in_o the_o 4._o thirteen_o year_n of_o henry_n the_o four_o after_o he_o have_v surrender_v the_o commission_n whereby_o he_o have_v
oppose_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n by_o sea_n chap._n xviii_o that_o there_o be_v admiral_n also_o constitute_v by_o the_o french_a king_n upon_o the_o opposite_a shore_n of_o france_n be_v know_v to_o every_o man_n and_o as_o there_o be_v a_o admiral_n appoint_v in_o gallia_n narbonensis_n to_o oversee_v maritime_a affair_n there_o so_o also_o on_o the_o opposite_a shore_n there_o be_v distinct_a office_n of_o the_o admiral_n of_o aquitain_n bretaign_n and_o normandy_n and_o the_o adjoin_a coast_n but_o the_o french_a lawyer_n of_o late_a be_v wont_a to_o call_v their_o admiral_n in_o latin_a praefectus_fw-la maris_fw-la governor_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o if_o the_o sea_n be_v subject_a to_o he_o also_o as_o a_o governor_n whereas_o notwithstanding_o if_o the_o thing_n be_v right_o consider_v that_o government_n of_o the_o sea_n by_o what_o name_n soëver_o it_o be_v call_v do_v not_o signify_v as_o among_o the_o english_a any_o dominion_n of_o one_o have_v command_n in_o any_o near_a part_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o we_o speak_v not_o of_o the_o sea_n of_o marseille_n which_o have_v no_o relation_n hereunto_o but_o only_o of_o their_o naval_a force_n in_o any_o sea_n whatsoëver_o together_o with_o the_o government_n of_o the_o seaman_n and_o jurisdiction_n over_o their_o person_n and_o moveable_n which_o may_v fall_v under_o the_o determination_n of_o a_o judge_n pour_fw-fr raison_fw-fr ou_fw-fr occasion_n as_o they_o 2._o say_v the_o faict_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mer_fw-fr that_o be_v by_o reason_n or_o upon_o occasion_n of_o any_o suit_n or_o controversy_n arise_v about_o sea-affair_n for_o the_o more_o plain_a understanding_n whereof_o we_o must_v make_v far_a enquiry_n in_o the_o more_o ancient_a time_n there_o be_v indeed_o admiral_n or_o governor_n of_o sea_n affair_n among_o the_o french_a yet_o so_o that_o their_o writer_n do_v not_o a_o little_a differ_v about_o the_o original_n of_o the_o dignity_n they_o for_o the_o most_o part_n say_v that_o rotlandus_n be_v find_v to_o have_v be_v governor_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o aremorica_n or_o alii_fw-la bretaign_v under_o charlemaign_n who_o they_o fetch_v out_o of_o eginhartus_n who_o write_v the_o life_n of_o charles_n at_o that_o time_n but_o in_o eginhartus_fw-la he_o be_v express_o call_v governor_n not_o of_o the_o british_a sea_n but_o only_o of_o the_o shore_n of_o britaign_n as_o we_o tell_v you_o in_o the_o 18._o former_a book_n in_o which_o name_n there_o be_v a_o description_n not_o of_o one_o that_o govern_n the_o sea_n as_o a_o province_n but_o who_o command_n be_v the_o shore_n as_o the_o limit_n of_o his_o dignity_n that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o the_o same_o kind_n as_o those_o count_n or_o officer_n be_v who_o be_v 4._o depute_v in_o that_o age_n to_o guard_v the_o sea_n coast_n and_o secure_v it_o from_o the_o incursion_n of_o enemy_n by_o sea_n there_o be_v also_o a_o 22._o nameless_a author_n of_o a_o chronicle_n belong_v to_o a_o monastery_n call_v monasterium_fw-la besuense_a who_o write_v that_o this_o guard_n of_o the_o shore_n under_o the_o caroline_n king_n be_v give_v over_o a_o little_a after_o the_o time_n of_o charlemaign_n but_o in_o the_o follow_a age_n the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n be_v divide_v as_o it_o whereby_o piece-meal_n into_o several_a principalite_n that_o which_o a_o long_o retain_v this_o name_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n be_v reduce_v into_o so_o narrow_a a_o compass_n that_o the_o province_n of_o narbon_n be_v hold_v by_o sovereign_a earl_n of_o its_o own_o aquitain_n or_o the_o western_a shore_n which_o lie_v more_o southerly_a with_o normandy_n by_o the_o english_a bretaign_a either_o by_o king_n or_o duke_n of_o the_o same_o and_o flanders_n by_o earl_n so_o that_o whilst_o the_o whole_a sea-coast_n except_o picardy_n remain_v separate_v from_o that_o kingdom_n there_o be_v sea_n little_a enough_o lie_v before_o it_o yea_o and_o the_o naval_a force_n be_v small_a enough_o of_o which_o before_o the_o accession_n of_o a_o large_a sea-coast_n to_o the_o french_a kingdom_n there_o be_v most_o use_v in_o the_o expedition_n of_o the_o holy_a war._n nor_o be_v any_o other_o governor_n wont_a to_o be_v appoint_v there_o by_o the_o name_n of_o admiral_n than_o he_o who_o as_o occasion_v require_v be_v put_v in_o command_n over_o the_o navy_n and_o military_a affair_n by_o sea_n yea_o and_o be_v borrow_v from_o some_o nation_n border_v upon_o the_o sea_n as_o the_o genoeses_n or_o other_o of_o that_o kind_n but_o the_o king_n themselves_o have_v at_o that_o time_n no_o command_n over_o the_o sea_n as_o it_o be_v express_o write_v by_o johannes_n tilius_fw-la a_o clerk_n of_o the_o parliament_n of_o paris_n his_o word_n be_v these_o 90._o after_o that_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n be_v lessen_v by_o division_n and_o the_o king_n confine_v to_o more_o narrow_a dominion_n because_o they_o have_v potent_a vassal_n who_o enjoy_v feud_n with_o absolute_a sovereignty_n if_o you_o except_o their_o homage_n for_o the_o king_n of_o england_n hold_v the_o dutchy_n of_o normandy_n and_o aquitain_n britain_n have_v a_o duke_n of_o its_o own_o and_o slander_n tholouse_n and_o provence_n have_v their_o earl_n the_o king_n of_o france_n for_o a_o long_a time_n have_v no_o command_n over_o the_o sea_n and_o therefore_o have_v no_o need_n of_o admiral_n until_o they_o undertake_v the_o expedition_n for_o the_o holy_a land_n at_o which_o time_n they_o make_v use_v of_o genoeses_n who_o they_o hire_v with_o spaniard_n or_o other_o of_o their_o neighbour_n that_o be_v well_o skilled_a in_o sea-affair_n to_o under-take_a the_o care_n of_o transportation_n have_v no_o office_n appoint_v for_o that_o purpose_n and_o by_o this_o mean_v they_o have_v many_o admiral_n in_o one_o single_a expedition_n but_o after_o that_o the_o english_a have_v quit_v normandy_n and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n have_v get_v ground_n upon_o the_o sea-coast_n the_o use_n of_o sea-affair_n also_o be_v somewhat_o augment_v that_o be_v to_o say_v about_o the_o time_n of_o john_n and_o henry_n the_o three_o king_n of_o england_n so_o that_o the_o first_o admiral_n that_o they_o reckon_v in_o the_o catalogue_n of_o french_a dignity_n of_o who_o any_o memory_n be_v leave_v to_o posterity_n be_v enguerandus_fw-la coucaeus_n in_o the_o time_n of_o philip_n the_o bold_a king_n of_o france_n or_o about_o the_o year_n 1280_o as_o it_o be_v relate_v by_o joannes_n feronius_n and_o what_o kind_n of_o dignity_n his_o be_v appear_v sufficient_o thence_o that_o his_o next_o successor_n matthew_n momorancie_n and_o john_n harcourt_n be_v only_o upon_o a_o particular_a occasion_n put_v in_o command_n over_o the_o sea-force_n by_o philip_n the_o fair_a as_o we_o 183._o understand_v by_o their_o commission_n yea_o and_o they_o be_v mention_v by_o william_n de_fw-fr nangis_n by_o the_o title_n of_o admiral_n as_o other_o also_o be_v by_o hollandiae_fw-la joannes_n de_fw-fr beka_n in_o the_o time_n of_o philip_n the_o fair_a although_o 14._o joannes_n tilius_fw-la reckon's_n amaurius_n viscount_n of_o narbonne_n to_o be_v the_o first_o that_o bear_v the_o dignity_n of_o admiral_n in_o france_n as_o a_o constant_a settle_a office_n over_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o sea_n to_o wit_n in_o the_o time_n of_o john_n and_o charles_n the_o five_o king_n of_o france_n that_o be_v about_o the_o year_n 1300_o while_o france_n other_o be_v too_o busy_a in_o sum_v up_o divers_a other_o particular_n touch_v the_o antiquity_n of_o this_o command_n among_o the_o french_a afterward_o aquitain_n be_v add_v to_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n in_o the_o year_n 1453._o henry_n the_o sixth_o of_o england_n be_v drive_v out_o but_o in_o the_o year_n 1481._o the_o province_n of_o narbonne_n in_o the_o year_n 1491._o the_o duchy_n of_o bretaign_n and_o last_o in_o the_o space_n of_o some_o year_n all_o that_o the_o english_a hold_v in_o picardy_n be_v add_v also_o so_o all_o the_o sea-coast_n except_o belgium_n return_v into_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n hereupon_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o four_o sea-government_n or_o admiralship_n be_v afterward_o in_o use_n therein_o notwithstanding_o that_o sometime_o one_o and_o the_o same_o person_n hold_v several_a together_o but_o of_o these_o the_o government_n that_o belong_v to_o the_o shore_n of_o normandy_n and_o picardy_n be_v at_o this_o day_n usual_o call_v the_o admiralship_n of_o france_n because_o before_o that_o the_o province_n of_o narbonne_n aquitain_n and_o bretaigne_n be_v annex_v to_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o crown_n the_o only_a maritime_a government_n in_o the_o realm_n of_o france_n be_v that_o of_o picardy_n whereto_o normandy_n be_v add_v afterward_o as_o the_o next_o province_n the_o other_o three_o be_v denominate_v from_o their_o respective_a province_n the_o whole_a matter_n be_v very_o well_o set_v forth_o by_o renatus_n choppinus_n
to_o be_v present_v touch_v that_o business_n unto_o the_o king_n as_o he_o be_v at_o that_o time_n king_n of_o france_n but_o only_o as_o king_n of_o england_n that_o be_v as_o lord_n of_o the_o whole_a sea_n flow_v between_o and_o it_o be_v very_o improbable_a and_o not_o in_o reason_n to_o be_v admit_v that_o they_o will_v so_o upon_o deliberation_n for_o both_o lord_n and_o commons_o use_v to_o debate_v such_o matter_n a_o long_a time_n before_o they_o pass_v a_o bill_n that_o they_o will_v i_o say_v so_o upon_o deliberation_n require_v a_o impose_v of_o custom_n by_o the_o act_n of_o a_o english_a parliament_n in_o a_o place_n that_o be_v not_o subject_a as_o a_o part_n of_o the_o royal_a patrimony_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o king_n of_o england_n from_o hence_o it_o be_v also_o that_o our_o present_a king_n charles_n do_v this_o last_o year_n declare_v that_o himself_o and_o his_o progenitor_n the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v in_o all_o time_n hitherto_o by_o a_o ancient_a and_o most_o just_a title_n be_v lord_n of_o this_o sea_n to_o wit_n in_o his_o 1634._o letter_n patent_n send_v to_o the_o maritime_a county_n of_o england_n whereby_o ship-monie_n be_v impose_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o his_o dominion_n by_o sea_n add_v moreover_o hereunto_o that_o in_o the_o agreement_n make_v betwixt_o our_o edward_n the_o first_o and_o guy_n earl_n of_o flanders_n about_o the_o wear_n of_o colors_z or_o flag_n in_o every_o ship_n and_o punish_v offender_n by_o sea_n william_n de_fw-fr leyburn_n be_v call_v londinensi_fw-la admiral_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mire_n du_fw-fr dict_z roy_fw-fr d_o engleterre_fw-fr or_o admiral_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o the_o say_a king_n of_o england_n other_o testimony_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n there_o be_v in_o record_n touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o it_o have_v be_v receive_v and_o acknowledge_v according_a to_o the_o common_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o our_o country_n which_o i_o shall_v discourse_n of_o in_o the_o next_o place_n and_o after_o that_o concern_v the_o testimony_n of_o foreiner_n of_o divers_a testimony_n in_o our_o own_o law-book_n and_o the_o most_o receive_a custom_n whereby_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v either_o assert_v or_o admit_v chap._n xxiv_o the_o seven_o of_o those_o head_n according_a to_o the_o former_a division_n which_o manifest_a the_o aforesaid_a dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n relate_n to_o our_o law-book's_a and_o the_o receive_a custom_n therein_o which_o prove_v it_o from_o the_o most_o ancient_a time_n there_o be_v also_o in_o they_o many_o particular_n that_o may_v relate_v hereunto_o which_o be_v explain_v now_o and_o then_o touch_v the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o english_a admiralty_n and_o other_o thing_n already_o handle_v but_o in_o this_o chapter_n we_o shall_v use_v either_o the_o determination_n and_o commentary_n of_o our_o own_o lawyer_n or_o chief_o such_o court-record_n as_o explain_v their_o opinion_n i_o confess_v indeed_o in_o some_o of_o the_o author_n of_o our_o law_n who_o write_v above_o cccl_o year_n ago_o or_o thereabouts_o after_o they_o have_v as_o the_o manner_n than_o be_v read_v through_o the_o civil_a law_n also_o they_o be_v so_o strict_a in_o follow_v those_o determination_n word_n for_o word_n which_o they_o find_v concern_v the_o sea_n in_o that_o law_n that_o when_o they_o treat_v the_o acquirendo_fw-la rerum_fw-la dominio_fw-la of_o the_o manner_n of_o acquire_v the_o dominion_n of_o thing_n they_o tranfer_v they_o into_o their_o own_o writing_n from_o thence_o it_o be_v that_o henry_n bracton_n who_o be_v a_o very_a famous_a lawyer_n at_o the_o late_a end_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o say_v 6._o naturali_fw-la jure_fw-la communia_fw-la sunt_fw-la omne_fw-la haec_fw-la aqua_fw-la profluens_fw-la aër_fw-la &_o mare_n &_o litora_fw-la maris_fw-la quasi_fw-la maris_fw-la accessoria_fw-la by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n all_o these_o thing_n be_v common_a run_v water_n the_o aër_fw-la and_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o shore_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o accessory_n or_o dependent_n of_o the_o sea_n also_o aedificia_fw-la si_fw-la in_o mari_fw-fr five_o in_fw-la litore_fw-la posita_fw-la fuerint_fw-la aedificantium_fw-la sunt_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la if_o building_n be_v raise_v in_o the_o sea_n or_o upon_o the_o shore_n they_o become_v they_o that_o build_v they_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o a_o little_a after_o jus_fw-la piscandi_fw-la omnibus_fw-la common_a est_fw-la in_o portu_fw-la &_o in_fw-la fluminibus_fw-la a_o right_a of_o fish_v be_v common_a to_o all_o in_o a_o haven_n and_o in_o rivers_n which_o we_o find_v likewise_o in_o purchas_n some_o other_o of_o our_o law-book_n of_o that_o age_n as_o a_o passage_n that_o fall_v from_o some_o writer_n of_o who_o i_o speak_v at_o large_a in_o the_o former_a book_n that_o be_v more_o affect_v than_o be_v meet_v with_o the_o word_n of_o ulpian_n and_o justinian_n in_o the_o general_a division_n of_o thing_n but_o these_o very_a man_n in_o other_o place_n show_v the_o custom_n of_o our_o country_n do_v sufficient_o admit_v the_o king_n dominion_n by_o sea_n for_o bracton_n himself_o afterward_o speak_v of_o they_o that_o by_o the_o king_n grace_n and_o favour_n 57_o quieti_fw-la sint_fw-la de_fw-la theolonio_n &_o consuetudinibus_fw-la dandis_fw-la per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la angliae_fw-la in_o terrâ_fw-la &_o mari_fw-fr &_o per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la tam_fw-la per_fw-la terram_fw-la quà m_fw-la per_fw-la mare_fw-la be_v exempt_v from_o pay_v toll_n and_o custom_n throughout_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o england_n in_o the_o land_n and_o in_o the_o sea_n and_o throughout_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n both_o by_o land_n and_o by_o sea_n and_o in_o the_o same_o king_n time_n a_o freedom_n from_o some_o payment_n be_v grant_v to_o the_o citizen_n of_o london_n 〈◊〉_d per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la tam_fw-la per_fw-la mare_fw-la quà m_fw-la per_fw-la terram_fw-la throughout_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n as_o well_o by_o sea_n as_o by_o land_n and_o so_o bracton_n when_o he_o return_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o custom_n of_o our_o country_n acknowledge_v that_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n belong_v to_o his_o king_n no_o less_o than_o the_o land_n and_o hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v also_o that_o inter_fw-la capitula_fw-la coronae_fw-la as_o they_o call_v they_o that_o be_v to_o say_v those_o article_n or_o chief_a head_n whereof_o enquiry_n be_v to_o be_v make_v according_a to_o the_o usual_a custom_n by_o judge_n delegated_a throughout_o england_n for_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o public_a peace_n we_o find_v this_o also_o de_fw-fr purpresturis_fw-la factis_fw-la super_fw-la dominum_fw-la regem_fw-la sive_fw-la in_o terrâ_fw-la sive_fw-la in_o mari_n etc._n etc._n of_o tenant_n pourpresture_n make_v upon_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n either_o on_o land_n or_o in_o the_o sea_n or_o in_o sweet_a water_n either_o within_o the_o liberty_n or_o without_o or_o in_o any_o other_o place_n whatsoëver_o and_o it_o be_v place_v among_o the_o article_n of_o this_o kind_n recite_v by_o a._n bracton_n himself_o and_o in_o the_o 20._o author_n of_o the_o book_n call_v fleta_n but_o in_o the_o language_n of_o the_o law_n we_o call_v those_o thing_n pourpresture_n whereby_o detriment_n be_v do_v to_o any_o public_a place_n belong_v to_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o crown_n as_o a_o public_a thoroughfare_n a_o river_n and_o the_o like_a so_o that_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o this_o ordinary_a article_n touch_v pourpresture_n in_o the_o general_a form_n of_o enquiry_n the_o dominion_n or_o ownership_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o king_n no_o less_o than_o of_o the_o land_n or_o of_o public_a road_n or_o thoroughfare_n and_o river_n agreeable_a hereto_o be_v that_o article_n about_o any_o kind_n of_o salt-water_n be_v enclose_v by_o any_o subject_n or_o possess_v in_o any_o other_o manner_n which_o in_o the_o ancient_a record_n of_o our_o court_n of_o admiralty_n be_v say_v to_o be_v do_v to_o the_o disherison_n of_o the_o king_n the_o word_n be_v there_o 33._o item_n soit_fw-fr enquis_fw-la de_fw-fr ceulx_fw-fr qui_fw-fr acrochent_fw-fr à _fw-fr eulx_fw-fr eaves_n salee_v en_fw-fr desheretison_fw-fr du_fw-fr roy._n and_o at_o this_o day_n enquiry_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v make_v about_o that_o business_n by_o authority_n of_o the_o high_a admiral_n robert_n belknap_n also_o a_o eminent_a judge_n in_o the_o time_n of_o richard_n the_o second_o 46._o say_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o king_n as_o a_o part_n of_o his_o english_a kingdom_n or_o of_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o crown_n his_o word_n in_o the_o norman_a tongue_n run_v thus_o le_fw-fr mere_a est_fw-fr del_fw-it ligeans_n del_o roy_n come_v de_fw-fr son_fw-fr corone_fw-fr d'_fw-fr d'angleterre_fw-fr he_o add_v to_o his_o word_n in_o a_o remarkable_a way_n as_o belong_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n or_o as_o belong_v
by_o the_o court_n that_o the_o exception_n be_v of_o no_o force_n for_o that_o scotland_n be_v not_o within_o the_o bound_n and_o limit_n of_o england_n so_o that_o within_o the_o four_o sea_n and_o within_o the_o realm_n signify_v one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n from_o whence_o these_o term_n out_o of_o the_o realm_n and_o without_o the_o four_o sea_n become_v one_o and_o the_o same_o also_o to_o be_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n be_v very_o 441._o often_o repeat_v in_o this_o â—enâ—_n also_o by_o littleton_n the_o most_o excellent_a of_o all_o our_o law-writer_n signify_v no_o other_o thing_n than_o what_o he_o render_v it_o in_o 360_o another_o place_n by_z one_o who_o ala_fw-la oustere_a le_z mere_a cross_v the_o sea_n or_o go_v beyond_o sea_n â—rom_o thence_o also_o it_o seem_v to_o have_v proceed_v that_o whereas_o with_o we_o among_o the_o several_a temporal_a excuse_n of_o defendant_n who_o be_v summon_v to_o appear_v in_o court_n in_o our_o law_n we_o call_v they_o civilian_n essoin_v there_o be_v two_o allege_v whereof_o the_o one_o be_v entitle_v de_fw-la ultra_fw-la mare_fw-la the_o other_o de_fw-fr malo_fw-la veniendi_fw-la and_o this_o latter_a be_v allow_v to_o he_o that_o be_v hinder_v by_o any_o kind_n of_o misfortune_n whatsoever_o within_o the_o sea_n or_o on_o this_o side_n of_o the_o more_o remote_a bound_n of_o those_o sea_n which_o belong_v to_o england_n but_o the_o former_a to_o he_o who_o live'_v without_o or_o beyond_o the_o sea_n belong_v to_o the_o english_a empire_n from_o thence_o it_o seem_v i_o say_v to_o have_v proceed_v that_o in_o former_a time_n when_o there_o be_v a_o more_o frequent_a use_n in_o court_n of_o this_o kind_n of_o excuse_n a_o defendant_n be_v absent_a in_o ireland_n may_v lawful_o make_v use_n of_o the_o latter_a form_n of_o essoin_fw-fr but_o not_o of_o the_o former_a nevertheless_o if_o through_o ignorance_n he_o do_v make_v use_n of_o this_o it_o take_v on_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o latter_a that_o be_v whole_o quit_v all_o its_o own_o nature_n it_o depend_v upon_o this_o that_o the_o defendant_n according_a to_o the_o more_o vulgar_a sensâ—_n or_o acception_n live_v beyond-sea_n for_o according_a to_o receive_a custom_n the_o nature_n of_o they_o both_o be_v such_o that_o when_o any_o one_o may_v lawful_o use_v the_o former_a he_o may_v also_o after_o a_o while_n likewise_o enjoy_v the_o benefit_n of_o the_o latter_a but_o in_o the_o say_a kind_n of_o essoin_n or_o excuse_n the_o former_a not_o be_v lawful_o make_v use_n of_o but_o yet_o turn_v into_o the_o latter_a by_o construction_n of_o law_n lest_o it_o shall_v become_v of_o no_o use_n there_o be_v no_o place_n for_o the_o latter_a to_o the_o end_n it_o may_v not_o be_v iterate_v contrary_a to_o custom_n the_o matter_n itself_o be_v thus_o decide_v in_o the_o time_n of_o k._n henry_n the_o three_o as_o it_o be_v describe_v by_o henry_n bracton_n after_o this_o manner_n esto_fw-la say_v 2._o he_o quòd_fw-la quis_fw-la se_fw-la essoniaverit_fw-la de_fw-fr ibernia_n quasi_fw-la de_fw-la ultra_fw-la mare_fw-la attornatur_fw-la essonium_fw-la illud_fw-la ad_fw-la simplex_fw-la essonium_fw-la de_fw-la malo_fw-la veniendi_fw-la ut_fw-la coram_fw-la martino_n de_fw-fr patteshul_n in_o banco_n anno_fw-la regis_fw-la henrici_fw-la sexto_fw-la de_fw-la gilberto_n mariscallo_n &_o ceciliâ_fw-la uxore_fw-la ejus_fw-la &_o allano_n de_fw-fr hyda_n qui_fw-la vocavit_fw-la ad_fw-la warrantum_fw-la willielmum_fw-la mariscallum_fw-la in_o comitatu_fw-la pembroke_n &_o qui_fw-la se_fw-la essoniavit_fw-la de_fw-fr ibernia_n &_o non_fw-la fuit_fw-la allocatum_fw-la &_o postea_fw-la fecit_fw-la de_fw-la hoc_fw-la quòd_fw-la aliud_fw-la essonium_fw-la de_fw-la malo_fw-la veniendi_fw-la ad_fw-la alium_fw-la diem_fw-la non_fw-la fuit_fw-la allocatum_fw-la so_o much_o we_o find_v also_o in_o the_o ancient_a author_n of_o that_o book_n entitle_v 8._o fleta_n doubtless_o ireland_n be_v no_o less_o seat_v beyond_o sea_n than_o either_o france_n or_o spain_n unless_o you_o take_v that_o decision_n as_o relate_v only_o to_o the_o civil_a notion_n of_o this_o kind_n of_o situation_n to_o wit_n that_o it_o be_v not_o situate_a beyond_o that_o sea_n which_o be_v a_o part_n and_o territory_n of_o the_o english_a empire_n but_o place_v therein_o and_o comprehend_v under_o one_o and_o the_o same_o supreme_a power_n with_o england_n and_o so_o that_o a_o excuse_v or_o essoin_fw-fr de_fw-fr ultra_fw-la mare_fw-la be_v not_o in_o that_o kind_n to_o be_v admit_v in_o the_o ancient_a 12b._o record_n also_o concern_v the_o custom_n of_o our_o court_n of_o admiralty_n we_o read_v it_o be_v a_o usual_a custom_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o first_o who_o die_v anno_fw-la dom._n mcxxxvi_o and_o of_o other_o king_n both_o before_o and_o after_o he_o that_o if_o any_o man_n accuse_v of_o a_o capital_a crime_n do_v by_o sea_n be_v public_o call_v five_o time_n by_o the_o voice_n of_o the_o crier_n after_o so_o many_o several_a day_n assign_v do_v not_o make_v his_o appearance_n in_o the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n he_o be_v banish_v out_o of_o england_n &_o de_fw-fr mer_fw-fr appertinent_a au_fw-fr roy_fw-fr d_o d'angleterre_fw-fr or_o out_o of_o the_o sea_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n for_o forty_o year_n more_o or_o less_o according_a to_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o admiral_n other_o particular_n there_o be_v that_o relate_v hereunto_o about_o action_n for_o matter_n arise_v in_o this_o sea_n that_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v enter_v in_o express_a term_n heretofore_o in_o the_o alia_fw-la ordinary_a court_n of_o our_o common_a law_n whoâ—e_a jurisdiction_n be_v ever_o esteem_v of_o such_o a_o nature_n that_o a_o action_n institute_v about_o a_o matter_n arise_v in_o any_o other_o place_n than_o within_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v by_o the_o ancient_a strict_a law_n always_o to_o be_v reject_v by_o they_o after_o which_o manner_n as_o it_o have_v be_v a_o custom_n now_o for_o many_o year_n that_o a_o action_n ought_v to_o be_v reject_v unless_o the_o matter_n have_v its_o rise_n within_o the_o body_n as_o they_o call_v it_o of_o the_o county_n that_o be_v within_o some_o province_n or_o county_n of_o the_o island_n usual_o give_v in_o charge_n to_o certain_a governor_n or_o officer_n know_v to_o we_o by_o the_o name_n of_o sheriff_n so_o also_o be_v it_o in_o this_o sea-province_n belong_v by_o the_o ancient_a receive_v custom_n to_o the_o high_a admiral_n or_o his_o deputy_n not_o only_o so_o far_o as_o concern_v its_o defence_n and_o guard_n but_o also_o as_o to_o matter_n of_o jurisdiction_n so_o that_o at_o length_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v without_o controversy_n admit_v and_o assert_v also_o both_o by_o the_o determination_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n and_o by_o the_o express_a word_n of_o the_o writ_n and_o form_n of_o the_o action_n themselves_o nor_o be_v that_o of_o any_o force_n at_o all_o to_o the_o contrary_a which_o either_o our_o countryman_n bracton_n the_o lawyer_n as_o have_v be_v say_v or_o some_o other_o of_o late_a as_o well_o as_o ancient_a time_n that_o be_v follower_n of_o he_o but_o in_o too_o careless_a a_o manner_n while_o they_o 4._o set_v down_o the_o institution_n of_o our_o english_a law_n have_v unadvised_o utter_v by_o the_o way_n touch_v that_o ancient_a community_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o of_o fish_v also_o in_o river_n according_a to_o the_o book_n of_o justinian_n as_o if_o such_o a_o kind_n of_o community_n be_v admit_v in_o our_o law_n true_o that_o which_o they_o have_v so_o let_v slip_v be_v not_o so_o much_o to_o be_v take_v as_o contrary_a to_o the_o know_a law_n of_o the_o land_n in_o this_o particular_a for_o even_o bracton_n himself_o as_o i_o have_v show_v have_v divers_a other_o passage_n that_o signify_v this_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n as_o it_o be_v to_o be_v reckon_v for_o some_o of_o the_o relic_n of_o ulpian_n or_o of_o the_o school_n of_o the_o imperial_a law_n too_o slight_o and_o careless_o add_v by_o the_o way_n in_o writing_n and_o the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v of_o 21._o one_o or_o two_o more_o of_o our_o writer_n who_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o reason_v receive_v for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o the_o imperial_a law_n touch_v the_o middle_n of_o a_o river_n and_o a_o island_n rise_v therein_o do_v by_o the_o way_n but_o ignorant_o make_v the_o middle_n of_o the_o sea_n flow_v between_o to_o be_v the_o bound_n of_o this_o sea-dominion_n of_o our_o king_n moreover_o the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v likewise_o of_o the_o londinens_fw-la commissioner_n of_o queen_n elisabeth_n who_o treat_v at_o bremen_n with_o the_o commissioner_n of_o christiern_n the_o four_o king_n of_o denmark_n about_o a_o freedom_n of_o navigation_n through_o the_o northern_a sea_n object_n a_o perpetual_a community_n of_o every_o kind_n of_o
sea_n from_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n deny_v a_o dominion_n and_o wrest_v other_o thing_n by_o way_n of_o argument_n out_o of_o the_o writer_n of_o the_o imperial_a law_n which_o be_v clear_o contrary_a to_o our_o english_a right_o as_o also_o to_o the_o intervenient_a law_n of_o nation_n which_o have_v continue_v in_o force_n for_o so_o many_o age_n about_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n either_o i_o say_v the_o same_o must_v be_v say_v of_o they_o or_o else_o that_o they_o do_v not_o so_o much_o make_v choice_n of_o argument_n which_o they_o think_v be_v true_a to_o serve_v the_o present_a occasion_n as_o of_o such_o that_o may_v seem_v to_o have_v the_o great_a force_n and_o authority_n among_o those_o civil_a lawyer_n with_o who_o they_o be_v in_o treaty_n nor_o be_v it_o a_o new_a thing_n that_o civilian_n shall_v speak_v of_o a_o natural_a and_o perpetual_a community_n of_o the_o sea_n even_o where_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o a_o dominion_n thereof_o be_v admit_v from_o all_o antiquity_n in_o the_o very_a territory_n wherein_o they_o themselves_o be_v comprehend_v as_o i_o have_v former_o declare_v there_o be_v also_o very_a many_o right_n among_o we_o belong_v either_o to_o the_o exchequer_n or_o to_o such_o as_o enjoy_v the_o right_n of_o the_o exchequer_n by_o grant_n from_o the_o king_n which_o some_o conceiv_n to_o be_v ground_v upon_o that_o sea-dominion_n whereof_o we_o discourse_n as_o the_o confiscation_n of_o good_n derelict_n in_o the_o sea_n and_o of_o some_o of_o the_o great_a sort_n of_o fish_n as_o wale-fish_n sturgeon_n and_o other_o and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n that_o of_o the_o satirist_n hold_v good_a 4._o quicquid_fw-la conspicuum_fw-la pulchrúmque_fw-la ex_fw-la aequore_fw-la toto_fw-la est_fw-la res_fw-la fisci_fw-la est_fw-la ubicunque_fw-la natat_fw-la good_n in_o the_o sea_n of_o any_o worth_n and_o note_n belong_v to_o th'chequer_n wheresoëre_fw-la they_o float_v beside_o wrecked_a good_n cast_v out_o ashore_o when_o no_o live_a creature_n belong_v to_o the_o ship_n remain_n alive_a but_o these_o thing_n do_v not_o only_o appertain_v to_o he_o that_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o sometime_o also_o to_o other_o in_o other_o nation_n and_o they_o for_o the_o most_o part_n depend_v either_o upon_o the_o law_n or_o custom_n of_o some_o land_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o good_n cast_v ashore_o or_o of_o such_o as_o be_v find_v and_o import_v or_o else_o upon_o a_o right_n over_o such_o person_n as_o shall_v first_o possess_v they_o as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o any_o good_n whatsoever_o derelict_n or_o find_v in_o the_o sea_n and_o other_o of_o that_o kind_n therefore_o i_o think_v it_o not_o meet_v to_o draw_v those_o thing_n here_o into_o controversy_n some_o ancient_a testimony_n of_o less_o account_n touch_v the_o sea-dominion_n whereof_o we_o treat_v chap._n xxv_o but_o his_o intent_n be_v earnest_o to_o persuade_v the_o english_a that_o it_o be_v their_o main_a interest_n diligent_o to_o guard_v the_o sea_n whereof_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v lord_n and_o to_o defend_v it_o with_o all_o their_o might_n as_o the_o perpetual_a prop_n and_o support_v of_o their_o empire_n he_o say_v also_o that_o the_o same_o advice_n be_v give_v by_o the_o emperor_n sigismond_n at_o his_o interview_n with_o our_o henry_n the_o five_o for_o the_o procure_n of_o on_o peace_n betwixt_o he_o and_o charles_n the_o six_o king_n of_o france_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o set_v down_o his_o word_n the_o true_a process_n of_o english_a policy_n of_o utterward_o to_o keep_v this_o region_n of_o our_o englond_n that_o no_o man_n may_v deny_v nor_o say_v of_o sooth_n but_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o best_a be_v this_o that_o who_o see_v south_n north_n east_n and_o west_n cherish_v merchandise_n keep_v the_o admiralty_n that_o we_o be_v master_n of_o the_o narrow_a see_n for_o sigismond_n the_o great_a emperor_n which_o yet_o reign_v when_o he_o be_v in_o this_o land_n with_o king_n henry_n the_o five_o prince_n of_o honour_n here_o much_o glory_n as_o he_o think_v he_o find_v a_o mighty_a land_n which_o have_v take_v in_o hand_n to_o war_n in_o france_n and_o make_v mortality_n and_o ever_o well_o keep_v round_o about_o the_o see_n and_o to_o the_o king_n thus_o he_o say_v my_o brother_n when_o he_o perceivae_v two_o town_n calys_n and_o dover_n of_o all_o your_o town_n to_o choose_v of_o one_o and_o other_o to_o keep_v the_o sea_n and_o soon_o to_o come_v over_o to_o be_v outward_o and_o your_o reign_n to_o recover_v keep_v these_o two_o town_n sure_a and_o your_o maâ—estie_n as_o your_o tweyne_a eye_n so_o keep_v the_o narrow_a see_n for_o if_o this_o see_v be_v keep_v in_o time_n of_o war_n who_o can_v here_o pass_v without_o danger_n and_o woâ—_n who_o can_v escape_v who_o may_v mischief_n differre_fw-la what_o marchandie_n may_v for_o by_o be_v ago_o for_o needs_o hem_n must_v take_v trewe_v every_o foe_n flanders_n and_o spain_n and_o other_o trust_v to_o i_o or_o else_o hinder_v all_o for_o this_o narrow_a see_n what_o be_v contain_v more_o at_o large_a in_o these_o rhythme_n you_o have_v the_o sens_fw-fr of_o it_o contract_v above_o in_o few_o word_n it_o be_v not_o worth_a while_n to_o render_v the_o word_n themselves_o the_o same_o versifier_n also_o proceed_v thus_o but_o king_n edward_n make_v a_o siege_n royal_a and_o win_v the_o town_n and_o in_o special_a the_o sea_n be_v keep_v and_o thereof_o he_o be_v lord_n thus_o make_v he_o coin_v noble_n come_v of_o record_n we_o have_v also_o divers_a other_o very_a large_a domestic_a testimony_n of_o this_o thing_n which_o be_v add_v in_o the_o next_o place_n be_v mingle_v together_o with_o the_o ancient_a recognition_n or_o acknowledgement_n of_o foreign_a nation_n concern_v the_o same_o that_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v acknowledge_v by_o foreiner_n who_o it_o most_o concern_v by_o their_o usual_a strike_n of_o sail_n according_a to_o ancient_a custom_n also_o concern_v two_o edict_n or_o ordinance_n that_o be_v set_v forth_o about_o this_o thing_n by_o the_o king_n of_o france_n chap._n xxvi_o we_o be_v come_v now_o to_o foreiner_n and_o it_o be_v clear_o evident_a by_o what_o we_o have_v discourse_v before_o either_o touch_v the_o limit_n set_v for_o navigation_n by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n or_o the_o licence_n of_o passage_n through_o this_o sea_n often_o desire_v by_o petition_n that_o some_o of_o they_o have_v indeed_o acknowledge_v this_o dominion_n but_o there_o be_v two_o testimony_n more_o notable_a than_o the_o rest_n which_o show_n if_o you_o consider_v chief_o as_o you_o ought_v their_o be_v neighbour_n and_o such_o who_o it_o concern_v that_o they_o general_o do_v the_o same_o the_o one_o be_v the_o usual_a strike_n of_o the_o topsail_n by_o every_o ship_n of_o any_o foreign_a nation_n whatsoêver_o if_o they_o sail_v near_o the_o king_n navy_n or_o any_o ship_n belong_v to_o the_o same_o navy_n in_o the_o sea_n the_o other_o be_v a_o libel_n publish_v of_o old_a or_o a_o bill_n of_o complaint_n institute_v wherein_o very_a many_o foreign_a nation_n heretofore_o in_o the_o time_n our_o edward_n the_o first_o do_v all_o together_o and_o by_o common_a consent_n with_o the_o english_a acknowledge_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n by_o sea_n whereto_o i_o shall_v add_v also_o a_o particular_a declaration_n of_o that_o kind_n make_v by_o the_o fleming_n in_o a_o embassy_n to_o our_o edward_n the_o second_o but_o that_o the_o strike_n of_o sail_n be_v do_v not_o only_o in_o honour_n of_o the_o english_a king_n but_o also_o in_o acknowledgement_n of_o his_o sovereignty_n and_o dominion_n in_o this_o sea_n be_v i_o suppose_v a_o thing_n out_o of_o question_n certain_o the_o french_a can_v doubt_v of_o it_o who_o by_o such_o a_o kind_n of_o strike_v will_v have_v have_v themselves_o heretofore_o acknowledge_v lord_n of_o our_o sea_n but_o in_o vain_a that_o be_v to_o say_v they_o be_v as_o much_o over-seen_a in_o the_o former_a age_n in_o set_v forth_o two_o edict_n or_o ordinance_n to_o require_v and_o ratify_v such_o a_o kind_n of_o strike_v sail_n to_o themselves_o by_o all_o foreiner_n as_o they_o be_v in_o so_o rash_o vindicate_v the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n concern_v those_o edict_n we_o speak_v before_o in_o the_o 18._o former_a book_n neither_o of_o which_o be_v receive_v as_o valid_a in_o any_o court_n of_o justice_n according_a to_o a_o decision_n make_v in_o the_o 1609._o supreme_a court_n of_o parliament_n which_o we_o have_v observe_v also_o in_o that_o place_n yea_o and_o here_o i_o shall_v set_v down_o the_o very_a word_n use_v by_o ludovicus_n servinus_fw-la advocate_n general_n to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n to_o magnify_v the_o authority_n of_o those_o edict_n or_o ordinance_n at_o
that_o be_v of_o the_o superiority_n or_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o england_n and_o the_o right_n of_o the_o office_n of_o admiralty_n in_o the_o same_o as_o it_o be_v also_o in_o the_o say_a agreement_n between_o the_o king_n and_o the_o earl_n of_o flanders_n also_o in_o one_o of_o the_o libel_n to_o those_o word_n be_v add_v retinendis_fw-la &_o confirmandis_fw-la all_o be_v very_o plain_o write_v in_o the_o usual_a character_n of_o that_o age_n whereunto_o the_o matter_n relate_n and_o there_o can_v be_v no_o scruple_n touch_v the_o reality_n and_o truth_n of_o they_o to_o any_o one_o that_o see_v they_o who_o be_v but_o a_o little_a acquaint_v with_o the_o ancient_a writing_n and_o such_o kind_n of_o record_n i_o give_v you_o the_o whole_a sens_fw-fr yea_o and_o partly_o the_o word_n before_o but_o now_o have_v think_v fit_a to_o set_v down_o a_o entire_a copy_n of_o the_o libel_n as_o it_o be_v write_v at_o that_o time_n in_o the_o french_a or_o norman_a tongue_n which_o run_v after_o this_o manner_n at_fw-fr vous_fw-fr signior_n auditor_n deputez_fw-fr per_fw-la les_fw-fr rois_fw-fr d'_fw-fr engleterre_fw-fr &_o de_fw-fr france_n a_o redresser_n les_fw-fr damage_n faits_fw-fr as_o gentz_n de_fw-mi lour_v roiaulme_n &_o des_fw-fr altre_n terres_fw-la subgitz_fw-fr a_fw-fr leur_fw-fr seignury_n per_fw-la mire_n &_o per_fw-la terre_fw-fr en_fw-fr temps_fw-fr de_fw-fr pees_z &_o trewe_v monstrent_fw-la les_fw-fr procuror_n des_fw-fr praelatz_n et_fw-fr nobles_n &_o deal_v admiral_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mire_n d'_fw-fr engleterre_fw-fr &_o des_fw-fr commonalty_n des_fw-fr city_n &_o des_fw-fr villes_n &_o des_fw-fr marchaunz_n mariner_n messagiers_n &_o peleringe_n &_o de_fw-fr tous_fw-fr autres_fw-fr du_fw-fr dit_fw-fr roiaulme_n d'_fw-fr engleterre_fw-fr &_o des_fw-fr autres_fw-fr terres_fw-la subgit_n a_o in_o segnurie_n du_fw-fr dit_fw-fr roy_fw-fr d'_fw-fr engletterre_fw-fr &_o do_v aillour_n si_fw-fr comme_fw-fr de_fw-fr la_fw-fr marine_n de_fw-fr genue_fw-fr cateloigne_n espaigne_n alemaigne_n seland_n hoyland_n frise_n denemarch_n &_o norway_n &_o the_o plusour_n autres_fw-fr lieux_fw-fr del_fw-it empire_n que_fw-fr come_v les_fw-fr royes_n de_fw-fr engleterre_fw-fr par_fw-la raison_n du_n dit_fw-fr royalme_n du_n temps_fw-fr de_fw-fr on_o it_o il_fw-fr nigh_o ad_fw-la memoir_v du_n contrary_a eussent_fw-fr este_fw-fr en_fw-fr paisible_a possession_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr sovuereigne_a seignurie_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mier_n de_fw-fr engleierre_fw-fr et_fw-fr des_fw-mi isle_n esteauns_n en_fw-fr ycelle_n par_fw-fr ordinance_n &_o establisement_n des_fw-fr lois_fw-fr estatute_n &_o defence_n do_v arm_n &_o des_fw-fr vesseaux_fw-fr autrement_fw-fr garny_n que_fw-fr vesseaux_fw-fr de_fw-fr merchandise_n et_fw-fr de_fw-fr seurté_fw-fr prendre_fw-fr et_fw-fr savegarde_n donor_n en_fw-fr tous_fw-fr case_z que_fw-fr mesty_a sirrah_n et_fw-fr par_fw-fr ordinance_n de_fw-fr tous_fw-fr autres_fw-fr faits_fw-fr necessary_n a_o la_fw-fr garde_fw-fr des_fw-fr pee_z droiture_fw-fr et_fw-fr equite_v entre_fw-fr toute_fw-fr manere_fw-la des_fw-fr gentz_n taunt_n d'_fw-fr autre_fw-fr seignurie_n come_fw-mi leur_fw-fr propre_fw-fr par_fw-fr illeque'_v passanz_n et_fw-fr par_fw-fr sovereign_a guard_n et_fw-la tote_fw-la manere_fw-la de_fw-fr conisance_n et_fw-fr justice_n haute_fw-fr et_fw-fr base_n sur_fw-fr les_fw-fr dite_fw-fr lois_fw-fr estatut_n ordinance_n et_fw-la defence_n et_fw-fr par_fw-fr toutz_fw-fr aultre_n faitz_fw-fr queux_fw-fr à _fw-fr le_fw-fr government_n de_fw-fr sovereign_a seignurie_n appertenir_fw-fr purront_fw-fr es_fw-mi lieux_fw-fr avant_fw-fr ditz_fw-fr et_fw-fr a._n de_fw-fr b._n admiral_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr dite_fw-fr mire_n deputez_fw-fr per_fw-la le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr de_fw-fr engleterre_fw-fr et_fw-fr touz_v les_fw-fr autres_fw-fr admiral_n per_fw-la meisme_n celui_fw-fr roy_fw-fr d'_fw-fr d'angleterre_fw-fr et_fw-fr ses_fw-fr auncestres_n jadis_fw-la rois_fw-fr d'_fw-fr engleterre_fw-fr eussent_fw-fr este_fw-la in_o paisible_a possession_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr dite_fw-fr soverein_fw-la garde_fw-fr ove_fw-la la_fw-fr conisance_n et_fw-fr justice_n et_fw-fr toutz_fw-fr les_fw-fr aultre_n apertenance_n avantdite_n forspris_fw-la en_fw-fr case_z d'_fw-fr appell_n et_fw-fr de_fw-fr querele_n fait_fw-fr de_fw-fr eux_fw-fr à _fw-fr lour_v sovereign_n roys_n d'_fw-fr engleterre_fw-fr de_fw-fr deffault_n de_fw-fr droit_fw-fr ou_fw-fr de_fw-fr malvais_fw-fr juggement_n et_fw-la especialment_n par_fw-fr empechement_fw-fr metere_fw-la et_fw-la justice_n fair_a seurte_fw-fr prendre_fw-fr de_fw-fr la_fw-fr pee_z de_fw-fr toute_fw-fr manere_fw-la des_fw-fr gentz_n usaunts_n arm_n en_fw-fr la_fw-fr dite_fw-fr mire_n vo_o menan_n niefs_fw-mi aultrement_fw-fr apparallez_fw-fr ou_fw-fr garniez_fw-fr que_fw-fr n'_fw-fr appartenoit_fw-fr au_fw-fr nief_n marchande_fw-ge et_fw-la en_fw-fr toutz_fw-fr aultre_n point_n en_fw-fr queux_fw-fr home_fw-fr peut_fw-fr aver_v reasonable_a cause_n the_o suspection_n vers_fw-la eau_fw-fr de_fw-fr robbery_n ou_fw-fr des_fw-fr autres_fw-fr mesfaits_n et_fw-la come_v les_fw-fr mistress_n des_fw-fr neif_n du_fw-fr dit_fw-fr royalme_n d'engleterre_fw-fr en_fw-fr absence_n des_fw-fr dit_n admiral_n eussent_fw-fr este_fw-la en_fw-fr paisible_a possession_n de_fw-fr conustre_fw-fr et_fw-fr jugger_n des_fw-fr touz_v faict_n en_fw-fr la_fw-fr dite_fw-fr mire_n entre_fw-fr toute_fw-fr manere_fw-la des_fw-fr gentz_n solonâ—_n les_fw-fr lois_fw-fr estatut_n et_fw-fr les_fw-fr defence_n et_fw-fr custumes_n et_fw-la come_v en_fw-fr le_fw-fr pimier_n article_n de_fw-fr l'_fw-fr alliance_n nadgair_v faite_fw-fr entre_fw-fr les_fw-fr dit_n roys_n en_fw-fr les_fw-fr traitz_fw-fr sur_fw-fr la_fw-fr darrain_a pee_z de_fw-mi paris_n soient_fw-fr comprise_v les_fw-fr paroles_fw-fr que_fw-fr â—ensujent_fw-fr en_fw-fr un_fw-fr cedule_n annexe_v à _fw-fr yâ—este_fw-fr at_o non_fw-la in_o schedulâ_fw-la annexâ_fw-la sed_fw-la in_o eâdem_fw-la membranâ_fw-la descriptum_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la sequitur_fw-la unde_fw-la non_fw-la tam_fw-la ipsos_fw-la libellos_fw-la qui_fw-la cognitoribus_fw-la edebantur_fw-la quà m_fw-la sive_fw-la formulas_fw-la eorum_fw-la archetypas_fw-la sive_fw-la exemplaria_fw-la descripta_fw-la haec_fw-la esse_fw-la conjiciendum_fw-la fortè_fw-la est_fw-la utì_n etiam_fw-la ex_fw-la eo_fw-la quòd_fw-la admiralli_n angliae_fw-la nomen_fw-la aliter_fw-la ac_fw-la per_fw-la a._n de_fw-fr b._n non_fw-la inseratur_fw-la quae_fw-la prima_fw-la elementa_fw-la non_fw-la sunt_fw-la nominis_fw-la alicujus_fw-la tunc_fw-la temporis_fw-la angliae_fw-la admiralli_n in_fw-la sacris_fw-la scriniis_fw-la reperti_fw-la primierement_n il_fw-fr est_fw-fr traict_n &_o accord_v entre_fw-fr nous_fw-fr &_o les_fw-fr messenger_n &_o les_fw-fr procurer_n susdit_n en_fw-fr nom_fw-fr des_fw-fr dit_n roys_n que_fw-fr iceux_fw-fr roys_n serront_fw-fr l'un_fw-fr à _fw-fr l'autre_fw-fr desore_n enavant_n bons_fw-fr uraye_v &_o loyaux_fw-fr amiss_o &_o eydans_fw-fr contre_fw-fr tout_fw-fr home_n sauve_fw-fr l'_fw-fr esglise_fw-fr de_fw-fr rome_n en_fw-fr tiele_fw-fr manner_n que_fw-fr si_fw-fr ascun_fw-fr ou_fw-fr plusieurs_fw-fr quicunque_n ils_fw-fr fuissent_fw-la voloient_fw-fr depointy_a empescher_fw-ge ou_fw-fr troubler_n les_fw-fr dit_n roye_v es_a franchise_n es_a liberty_n privilege_n es_fw-mi drois_fw-mi es_fw-mi droiture_n eu_fw-fr es_fw-mi custume_n de_fw-fr eux_fw-fr &_o de_fw-fr leur_fw-fr royalme_n q'ils_fw-fr seront_fw-fr bons_fw-fr &_o loyaux_fw-fr amiss_o &_o aydans_fw-la contre_fw-fr tout_fw-fr home_fw-fr que_fw-fr pvisse_fw-fr viure_fw-fr &_o morir_fw-it à _fw-it defendre_fw-fr gardir_n &_o maintenir_fw-fr les_fw-fr franchise_n les_fw-fr liberty_n les_fw-fr privilege_n les_fw-fr droiture_n et_fw-fr les_fw-fr custume_n desusdite_v except_o pur_fw-mi le_fw-fr dit_fw-fr roy_fw-fr d'_fw-fr angletterre_fw-fr mounseur_fw-fr johan_n duâ—_n de_fw-fr braban_n en_fw-fr brabant_n et_fw-fr ses_fw-fr heir_n dessendan_n de_fw-fr lui_fw-fr et_fw-fr de_fw-fr la_fw-fr fille_fw-fr le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr d'_fw-fr d'angleterre_fw-fr et_fw-fr except_o pur_fw-mi le_fw-fr dite_fw-fr nostre_fw-fr seigneur_fw-fr â—e_n roy_fw-fr de_fw-fr france_n l'_fw-fr excellent_a prince_n monsiur_fw-fr aubert_n roy_fw-fr d'_fw-fr alemaigne_n et_fw-fr ces_fw-fr heir_n roye_v do_v alemaine_n et_fw-fr mounseur_fw-fr johan_n count_n de_fw-fr henau_n en_fw-fr henau_n et_fw-fr que_fw-fr l'un_fw-fr ne_fw-fr serra_fw-mi en_fw-fr consail_n ne_fw-fr en_fw-fr aid_n ou_fw-fr l'_fw-fr autre_fw-fr perde_o vie_fw-fr member_n estate_n ou_fw-fr honour_n mounseur_fw-fr reyner_n grimbaltz_n maistre_fw-mi de_fw-fr la_fw-fr navy_n du_fw-fr dit_fw-fr roy_fw-fr de_fw-fr france_n in_o english_a it_o run_v thus_o to_o you_o our_o lord_n commissioner_n auditor_n depute_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o france_n to_o redress_v the_o wrong_n do_v to_o the_o people_n of_o their_o kingdom_n and_o of_o other_o territory_n subject_a to_o their_o dominion_n by_o sea_n and_o by_o land_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n and_o truce_n the_o procurator_n of_o the_o prelate_n noble_n and_o of_o the_o admiral_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o england_n and_o of_o the_o commonalty_n of_o city_n and_o town_n and_o of_o the_o merchant_n mariner_n messengers_z inhabitant_n stranger_n and_o all_o other_o belong_v to_o the_o say_a realm_n of_o england_n and_o the_o other_o territory_n subject_a to_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o say_a king_n of_o england_n and_o of_o other_o under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o same_o as_o also_o of_o divers_a other_o nation_n inhabitant_n of_o the_o sea-costs_a of_o genoa_n catalonia_n spain_n almaign_n zealand_n holland_n friesland_n denmark_n and_o norway_n and_o of_o divers_a other_o place_n of_o the_o empire_n do_v declare_v that_o whereas_o the_o king_n of_o england_n by_o right_a of_o the_o say_a kingdom_n from_z time_z to_o time_n whereof_o
what_o have_v be_v already_o speak_v and_o from_o hence_o perhaps_o it_o be_v that_o the_o more_o ancient_a arm_n of_o the_o king_n of_o man_n be_v a_o ship_n with_o a_o sail_n fold_v together_o and_o this_o inscription_n add_v rex_fw-la manniae_fw-la &_o insularum_fw-la king_n of_o man_n &_o of_o the_o isle_n as_o m_n r_o 847._o camden_n observ'_v from_o their_o sail_n for_o the_o three_o leg_n of_o humane_a shape_n now_o every_o where_o know_v be_v but_o of_o late_a time_n but_o afterward_o when_o ireland_n be_v subdue_v by_o henry_n the_o second_o and_o king_n john_n and_o reginald_n king_n of_o man_n dorso_fw-la bring_v into_o the_o power_n of_o king_n john_n the_o english_a possess_v this_o sea_n at_o that_o time_n with_o a_o very_a numerous_a navy_n there_o be_v no_o reason_n at_o all_o to_o doubt_v but_o that_o the_o neighbour_a sea_n round_o about_o be_v take_v also_o into_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o english_a for_o in_o that_o age_n the_o king_n of_o man_n be_v no_o absolute_a prince_n but_o be_v subdue_v he_o pay_v homage_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n &_o yield_v under_o his_o subjection_n but_o in_o a_o short_a time_n after_o alexander_n the_o three_o 13._o king_n of_o scot_n annex_v it_o to_o the_o dominion_n of_o scotland_n and_o put_v in_o a_o governor_n who_o be_v to_o assist_v he_o upon_o occasion_n with_o thirteen_o galley_n &_o five_o hundred_o seaman_n he_o recover_v the_o hebrides_n also_o by_o drive_v out_o the_o norwegian_n &_o transmit_v it_o to_o his_o posterity_n then_o man_n return_v again_o to_o the_o english_a who_o enjoy_v ireland_n a_o long_a time_n together_o with_o it_o &_o that_o sea-territory_n but_o the_o king_n of_o the_o hebrides_n and_o of_o scotland_n enjoy_v the_o northern_a part_n of_o this_o western_a sea_n after_o that_o they_o have_v expel_v the_o norwegian_n who_o be_v lord_n here_o of_o the_o sea_n and_o from_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o as_o scotland_n england_n this_o isle_n of_o man_n the_o hebrides_n and_o ireland_n with_o other_o adjacent_a isle_n so_o even_o the_o vergivian_n and_o deucaledonian_n sea_n itself_o wash_v the_o west_n of_o scotland_n and_o surround_v these_o isle_n with_o wind_n and_o turn_n ought_v now_o also_o to_o be_v account_v the_o ancient_a patrimony_n of_o the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n but_o there_o be_v moreover_o in_o the_o more_o westerly_a part_n of_o this_o open_a and_o main_a sea_n another_o right_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n and_o that_o of_o a_o very_a large_a extent_n upon_o the_o shore_n of_o america_n whenas_o s_n r_o humfery_n gilbert_n knight_n do_v by_o authority_n of_o queen_n elisabeth_n transport_v a_o colony_n into_o the_o new_a world_n with_o design_n to_o recover_v certain_a land_n in_o the_o east_n part_n of_o the_o northern_a america_n which_o of_o right_o belong_v to_o the_o english_a dominion_n the_o queen_n be_v by_o he_o as_o her_o procurator_n put_v into_o a_o possession_n for_o ever_o to_o be_v hold_v by_o she_o and_o her_o heir_n both_o of_o the_o port_n call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o s_o t_o john_n which_o be_v in_o the_o island_n of_o baccalaos_n and_o also_o of_o the_o whole_a sea_n as_o well_o as_o land_n on_o every_o side_n 151._o for_o the_o space_n of_o six_o hundred_o mile_n then_o he_o receive_v this_o new_a kingdom_n of_o the_o queen_n as_o her_o beneficiarie_n have_v a_o branch_n and_o a_o turf_n deliver_v in_o his_o hand_n according_a to_o the_o usual_a ceremony_n of_o england_n in_o transfer_v the_o ownership_n of_o land_n and_o possession_n nor_o true_o be_v it_o necessary_a that_o he_o shall_v otherwise_o get_v the_o possession_n from_o whence_o this_o dominion_n of_o the_o queen_n and_o her_o posterity_n have_v its_o original_a for_o as_o paulus_n say_v well_o there_o be_v no_o necessity_n that_o he_o who_o dom._n intend_v to_o take_v possession_n of_o a_o field_n shall_v walk_v about_o the_o whole_a but_o it_o be_v sufficient_a if_o he_o enter_v any_o part_n of_o that_o field_n so_o long_o as_o he_o do_v it_o with_o a_o mind_n thought_n and_o intent_n to_o possess_v the_o field_n to_o its_o utmost_a extent_n and_o bind_v which_o say_v may_v relate_v to_o sea_n as_o well_o as_o land_n that_o be_v never_o take_v into_o possession_n so_o that_o as_o agrorum_fw-la siculus_n flaccus_n treat_v of_o occupatorie_a land_n say_v man_n do_v not_o possess_v so_o much_o land_n as_o they_o be_v able_a to_o till_o but_o they_o reserve_v as_o much_o as_o they_o be_v in_o hope_n they_o may_v be_v able_a to_o till_o the_o like_a also_o may_v be_v say_v of_o a_o sea_n so_o take_v into_o possession_n look_v how_o much_o be_v reserve_v in_o hope_n of_o use_v and_o enjoy_v so_o much_o also_o be_v bound_v but_o perhaps_o the_o first_o original_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o this_o main_a sea_n of_o america_n do_v not_o proceed_v from_o the_o possession_n that_o be_v acquire_v by_o gilbert_n he_o rather_o restore_v and_o enlarge_v the_o right_n of_o the_o crown_n here_o for_o that_o island_n call_v baccalaos_n be_v add_v to_o the_o english_a empire_n by_o 7._o sebastian_n chabot_n in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o seven_o and_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o afterward_o it_o grow_v to_o be_v a_o custom_n for_o the_o officer_n belong_v to_o the_o high_a admiral_n of_o england_n in_o who_o charge_n be_v all_o the_o sea_n subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o ireland_n as_o king_n of_o england_n and_o ireland_n to_o demand_v tribute_n of_o such_o as_o fish_v also_o in_o this_o sea_n which_o be_v i_o suppose_v a_o most_o evident_a token_n of_o the_o king_n dominion_n but_o it_o be_v 6._o provide_v by_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o six_o that_o no_o tribute_n of_o that_o kind_n to_o the_o grievance_n of_o fisherman_n shall_v be_v pay_v any_o long_a how_o far_o our_o english_a colony_n late_o transport_v into_o america_n have_v possess_v themselves_o of_o the_o sea_n there_o i_o have_v as_o yet_o make_v but_o little_a enquiry_n touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n in_o the_o scotish_n sea_n especial_o towards_o the_o east_n and_o north._n chap._n xxxi_o those_o particular_n which_o be_v cite_v before_o out_o of_o the_o 6._o proclamation_n of_o james_n king_n of_o great_a britain_n about_o the_o prohibition_n of_o fish_v relate_v as_o well_o to_o the_o scotish_n sea_n on_o every_o side_n from_o whence_o also_o you_o must_v acknowledge_v their_o possession_n have_v be_v retain_v together_o with_o a_o ancient_a sea-dominion_n that_o be_v to_o say_v all_o foreiner_n be_v prohibit_v to_o fish_n in_o these_o sea_n without_o leave_v first_o obtain_v at_o edinburgh_n and_o in_o those_o scotish_n act_n of_o parliament_n they_o be_v not_o so_o much_o new_a law_n make_v as_o old_a one_o revive_v whereby_o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o all_o manner_n of_o 86._o fischere_n that_o occupy_v the_o sea_n and_o uthere_n person_n quhat_o sumever_o that_o happenis_n to_o slay_v hear_a or_o quihte_a fish_n upon_o the_o coast_n or_o within_o the_o isle_n or_o out_o with_o the_o samen_n within_o the_o frithes_n bring_v they_o to_o free_a port_n etc._n etc._n where_o they_o may_v be_v sell_v to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o same_o kingdom_n quhairby_o his_o majesty_n custom_n be_v not_o defraud_v and_o his_o hienes_n liege_n not_z frustrate_v of_o the_o commodity_n appoint_v to_o they_o be_v god_n under_o the_o pain_n of_o confiscation_n and_o tynsel_n of_o the_o veschelle_n of_o they_o that_o cume_v in_o the_o contrair_a hereof_o and_o escheit_v of_o all_o their_o movable_a gudde_n to_o our_o sovereign_n lord_n use_v so_o that_o use_n and_o benefit_n be_v claim_v hence_o by_o a_o special_a right_n in_o that_o sea_n otherwise_o true_o that_o use_n and_o be_v fit_n will_v of_o right_n no_o more_o appertein_a either_o to_o the_o king_n of_o scotland_n or_o his_o subject_n than_o to_o any_o other_o whomsoêver_o but_o the_o law_n be_v make_v concern_v all_o fisherman_n as_o well_o stranger_n as_o scotchman_n as_o be_v ordain_v by_o all_o the_o estate_n of_o that_o kingdom_n who_o so_o well_o understand_v both_o the_o king_n be_v right_a and_o also_o their_o own_o as_o subordinate_a to_o the_o king_n by_o tradition_n from_o their_o ancestor_n or_o by_o long-continued_a possession_n and_o dominion_n that_o there_o remain_v not_o the_o least_o ground_n of_o scruple_n touch_v that_o business_n and_o a_o scotish_n lawyer_n speak_v about_o fish_v in_o the_o eastern_a sea_n of_o scotland_n i_o can_v say_v 3_o he_o omit_v to_o tell_v you_o that_o in_o the_o past_a age_n after_o a_o most_o bloody_a quarrel_n between_o the_o scot_n and_o hollander_n about_o occasion_n belong_v to_o the_o sea_n the_o matter_n be_v compose_v after_o this_o manner_n that_o in_o time_n to_o
of_o so_o great_a consequence_n have_v think_v it_o necessary_a by_o the_o advice_n of_o our_o privy_a council_n to_o renew_v the_o aforesaid_a restraint_n of_o fish_v upon_o our_o aforesaid_a coast_n and_o sea_n without_o licence_n first_o obtain_v from_o we_o and_o by_o these_o present_n to_o make_v public_a declaration_n that_o our_o resolution_n be_v at_o time_n convenient_a to_o keep_v such_o a_o competent_a strength_n of_o ship_n upon_o our_o sea_n as_o may_v by_o god_n blessing_n be_v sufficient_a both_o to_o hinder_v such_o further_a encroachment_n upon_o our_o regality_n and_o assist_v and_o protect_v those_o our_o good_a friend_n and_o ally_n who_o shall_v henceforth_o by_o virtue_n of_o our_o licence_n to_o be_v first_o obtain_v endeavour_v to_o take_v the_o benefit_n of_o fish_v upon_o our_o coast_n and_o sea_n in_o the_o place_n accustom_v give_v at_o our_o palace_n of_o westminster_n the_o ten_o day_n of_o may_n in_o the_o twelve_o year_n of_o our_o reign_n of_o england_n scotland_n france_n and_o ireland_n this_o proclamation_n be_v set_v forth_o in_o the_o year_n 1636._o serve_v to_o speak_v the_o intent_n of_o those_o naval_a preparation_n make_v before_o in_o the_o year_n 1635._o which_o be_v so_o numerous_a and_o well-provided_a that_o our_o netherland-neighbor_n be_v touch_v with_o the_o apprehension_n of_o some_o great_a design_n in_o hand_n for_o the_o interest_n of_o england_n by_o sea_n and_o of_o the_o guilt_n that_o lie_v upon_o their_o own_o conscience_n for_o their_o bold_a encroachment_n soon_o betray_v their_o jealousy_n and_o fear_n and_o in_o they_o a_o since_o of_o their_o offence_n before_o ever_o the_o proclamation_n be_v make_v public_a as_o i_o may_v show_v at_o large_a if_o it_o be_v requisite_a by_o certain_a paper_n of_o a_o public_a character_n yet_o in_o be_v but_o there_o be_v one_o instar_fw-la omnium_fw-la which_o may_v serve_v in_o stead_n of_o all_o and_o it_o be_v a_o acute_a letter_n of_o secretary_n coke_n that_o be_v write_v to_o sir_n william_n boswel_o the_o king_n be_v resident_n then_o at_o the_o hague_n the_o original_a whereof_o be_v still_o reserve_v among_o the_o public_a paper_n in_o which_o letter_n he_o set_z forth_o the_o ground_n and_o reason_n of_o prepare_v that_o gallant_a navy_n with_o the_o king_n resolution_n to_o maintain_v the_o right_n derive_v from_o his_o ancestor_n in_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o therefore_o i_o here_o render_v a_o true_a copy_n of_o it_o so_o far_o as_o concern_v this_o business_n as_o most_o pertinent_a to_o our_o purpose_n sir_n by_o your_o letter_n and_o otherwise_o i_o perceiv_v many_o jealousy_n and_o discourse_n be_v raise_v upon_o the_o preparation_n of_o his_o majesty_n be_v fleet_n which_o be_v now_o in_o such_o forwardness_n that_o we_o doubt_v not_o but_o within_o this_o month_n it_o will_v appear_v at_o sea_n it_o be_v therefore_o expedient_a both_o for_o your_o satisfaction_n and_o direction_n to_o inform_v you_o particular_o what_o be_v the_o occasion_n and_o what_o be_v his_o majesty_n be_v intention_n in_o this_o work_n first_o we_o hold_v it_o a_o principle_n not_o to_o be_v deny_v that_o the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n be_v a_o monarch_n at_o land_n and_o sea_n to_o the_o full_a extent_n of_o his_o dominion_n and_o that_o it_o concern_v he_o as_o much_o to_o maintain_v his_o sovereignty_n in_o all_o the_o british_a sea_n as_o within_o his_o three_o kingdom_n because_o without_o that_o these_o can_v be_v keep_v safe_a nor_o he_o preserv_v his_o honour_n and_o due_a respect_n with_o other_o nation_n but_o command_v the_o sea_n he_o may_v cause_v his_o neighbour_n and_o all_o country_n to_o stand_v upon_o their_o guard_n whensoever_o he_o be_v fit_a and_o this_o can_v be_v doubt_v that_o whosoëver_o will_v encroach_v upon_o he_o by_o sea_n will_v do_v it_o by_o land_n also_o when_o they_o see_v their_o time_n to_o such_o presumption_n mare_fw-la liberum_fw-la give_v the_o first_o warning_n piece_n which_o must_v be_v answer_v with_o a_o defence_n of_o mare_fw-la clausum_fw-la not_o so_o much_o by_o discourse_n as_o by_o the_o loud_a language_n of_o a_o powerful_a navy_n to_o be_v better_o understand_v when_o overstrain_v patience_n see_v no_o hope_n of_o preserve_v she_o right_o by_o other_o mean_n the_o degree_n by_o which_o his_o majesty_n be_v dominion_n at_o sea_n have_v of_o late_a year_n be_v first_o impeach_v and_o then_o question_v be_v as_o considerable_a as_o notorious_a first_o to_o cherish_v and_o as_o it_o be_v to_o nur_n up_o our_o unthankful_a neighbour_n we_o give_v they_o leave_v to_o gather_v wealth_n and_o strength_n upon_o our_o coast_n in_o our_o port_n by_o our_o trade_n and_o by_o our_o people_n then_o they_o be_v glad_a to_o invite_v our_o merchant_n residence_n with_o what_o privilege_n they_o will_v desire_v then_o they_o offer_v to_o we_o even_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o their_o estate_n and_o then_o they_o sue_v for_o licence_n to_o fish_n upon_o the_o coast_n and_o obtain_v it_o under_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o scotland_n which_o now_o they_o suppress_v and_o when_o thus_o by_o leave_v or_o by_o connivance_n they_o have_v possess_v themselves_o of_o our_o fishing_n not_o only_o in_o scotland_n but_o in_o ireland_n and_o england_n and_o by_o our_o staple_n have_v raise_v a_o great_a stock_n of_o trade_n by_o these_o mean_v they_o so_o increase_v their_o ship_n and_o power_n at_o sea_n that_o now_o they_o endure_v not_o to_o be_v keep_v at_o any_o distance_n nay_o they_o be_v grow_v to_o that_o confidence_n to_o keep_v guard_n upon_o our_o sea_n and_o then_o to_o project_v a_o office_n and_o company_n of_o assurance_n for_o the_o advancement_n of_o trade_n and_o withal_o prohibit_v we_o free_a commerce_n even_o within_o our_o sea_n and_o take_v our_o ship_n and_o good_n if_o we_o conform_v not_o to_o their_o placart_n what_o insolence_n and_o cruelty_n they_o have_v commit_v against_o we_o heretofore_o in_o ireland_n in_o groâ—nland_n and_o in_o the_o indies_n be_v too_o well_o know_v to_o all_o the_o world_n in_o all_o which_o though_o our_o suffering_n and_o their_o wrong_n may_v seem_v forget_v yet_o the_o great_a interest_n of_o his_o majesty_n be_v honour_n be_v still_o the_o same_o and_o will_v refresh_v their_o memory_n as_o there_o shall_v be_v cause_n for_o though_o charity_n must_v remit_v wrong_n do_v to_o private_a man_n yet_o the_o reflection_n upon_o the_o public_a may_v make_v it_o a_o great_a charity_n to_o do_v justice_n on_o cry_v crime_n all_o this_o notwithstanding_o you_o be_v not_o to_o conceiv_v that_o the_o work_n of_o this_o fleet_n be_v either_o revenge_n or_o execution_n of_o justice_n for_o these_o great_a offence_n past_a but_o chief_o for_o the_o future_a to_o stop_v the_o violent_a current_n of_o that_o presumption_n whereby_o the_o man_n of_o war_n and_o freebooter_n of_o all_o nation_n abuse_v the_o favour_n of_o his_o majesty_n be_v peaceable_a and_o gracious_a government_n whereby_o he_o have_v permit_v all_o his_o friend_n and_o ally_n to_o make_v use_n of_o his_o sea_n and_o port_n in_o a_o reasonable_a and_o free_a manner_n and_o according_a to_o his_o treaty_n have_v take_v upon_o they_o the_o boldness_n not_o only_o to_o come_v confident_o at_o all_o time_n into_o all_o his_o port_n and_o river_n but_o to_o conveie_v their_o merchant_n ship_n as_o high_a as_o his_o chief_a city_n and_o then_o to_o cast_v anchor_n close_o upon_o his_o magazine_n and_o to_o contemn_v the_o command_n of_o his_o officer_n when_o they_o require_v a_o far_a distance_n but_o which_o be_v more_o intolerable_a have_v assault_v and_o take_v one_o another_o within_o his_o majesty_n be_v chamber_n and_o within_o his_o river_n to_o the_o scorn_n and_o contempt_n of_o his_o dominion_n and_o power_n and_o this_o be_v of_o late_a year_n a_o ordinary_a practice_n which_o we_o have_v endeavour_v in_o vain_a to_o reform_v by_o the_o way_n of_o justice_n and_o treaty_n the_o world_n i_o think_v will_v now_o be_v satisfy_v that_o we_o have_v reason_n to_o look_v about_o we_o and_o no_o wise_a man_n will_v doubt_v that_o it_o be_v high_a time_n to_o put_v our_o selus_fw-la in_o this_o equipage_n upon_o the_o sea_n and_o not_o to_o suffer_v that_o stage_n of_o action_n to_o be_v take_v from_o we_o for_o want_v of_o our_o appearance_n so_o you_o see_v the_o general_a ground_n upon_o which_o our_o counsel_n stand_v in_o particular_a you_o may_v take_v notice_n and_o publish_v as_o cause_v require_n that_o his_o majesty_n by_o this_o fleet_n intend_v not_o a_o rupture_n with_o any_o prince_n or_o state_n nor_o to_o infringe_v any_o point_n of_o his_o treaty_n but_o resolve_v to_o continue_v and_o maintain_v that_o happy_a peace_n wherewith_o god_n have_v bless_v his_o kingdom_n and_o to_o which_o all_o his_o action_n and_o negotiation_n have_v hitherto_o tend_v as_o
by_o your_o own_o instruction_n you_o may_v full_o understand_v but_o withal_o consider_v that_o peace_n must_v be_v maintain_v by_o the_o arm_n of_o power_n which_o only_o keep_v his_o down_o war_n by_o keep_v up_o dominion_n his_o majesty_n thus_o provoke_v finde_n it_o necessary_a even_o for_o his_o own_o defence_n and_o safety_n to_o reassume_a and_o keep_v his_o ancient_a and_o undoubted_a right_n in_o the_o dominion_n of_o these_o sea_n and_o to_o suffer_v no_o other_o prince_n or_o state_n to_o encroach_v upon_o he_o thereby_o assume_v to_o themselves_o or_o their_o admiral_n any_o sovereign_a command_n but_o to_o force_v they_o to_o perform_v due_a homage_n to_o his_o admiral_n and_o ship_n and_o to_o pay_v they_o acknowledgement_n as_o in_o former_a time_n they_o do_v he_o will_v also_o set_v open_a and_o protect_v the_o free_a trade_n both_o of_o his_o subject_n and_o ally_n and_o give_v they_o such_o safe_a conduct_n and_o convoie_n as_o they_o shall_v reasonable_o require_v he_o will_v suffer_v no_o other_o fleet_n or_o man_n of_o war_n to_o keep_v any_o guard_n upon_o these_o sea_n or_o there_o to_o offer_v violence_n or_o take_v prize_n or_o booty_n or_o to_o give_v interruption_n to_o any_o lawful_a intercour_n in_o a_o word_n his_o majesty_n be_v resolve_v as_o to_o do_v no_o wrong_n so_o to_o do_v justice_n both_o to_o his_o subject_n and_o friend_n within_o the_o limit_n of_o his_o sea_n and_o this_o be_v the_o real_a and_o royal_a design_n of_o this_o fleet_n whereof_o you_o may_v give_v part_n as_o you_o find_v occasion_n to_o our_o good_a neighbour_n in_o those_o part_n that_o no_o umbrage_n may_v be_v take_v of_o any_o hostile_a act_n or_o purpose_n to_o their_o prejudice_n in_o any_o kind_n so_o wish_v you_o all_o health_n and_o happiness_n i_o rest_v your_o assure_a friend_n and_o servant_n john_n cook_n whitehall_n 16_o april_n 1635._o our_o style_n in_o this_o letter_n you_o see_v first_o how_o it_o be_v hold_v for_o a_o undeniable_a principle_n that_o the_o king_n be_v king_n by_o sea_n as_o well_o as_o by_o land_n that_o neither_o the_o honour_n nor_o safety_n of_o this_o island_n and_o ireland_n can_v be_v maintain_v but_o by_o preserve_v the_o dominion_n by_o sea_n and_o that_o it_o be_v a_o argument_n that_o they_o that_o encroach_v upon_o we_o by_o sea_n will_v do_v it_o also_o by_o land_n when_o they_o see_v their_o time_n he_o declare'_v also_o how_o our_o unthankful_a neighbour_n be_v rise_v to_o this_o height_n and_o insolence_n partly_o by_o grant_n partly_o by_o connivance_n but_o principal_o through_o their_o many_o injurious_a abuse_n of_o our_o patience_n and_o indulgence_n and_o last_o you_o may_v observe_v here_o what_o resolution_n be_v then_o take_v to_o prevent_v the_o lilâ—e_a injury_n and_o preserv_v our_o english_a interest_n in_o time_n to_o come_v but_o how_o those_o resolution_n be_v follow_v in_o the_o succeed_a part_n of_o his_o reign_n i_o shall_v not_o stand_v to_o examine_v only_o it_o suffice_v here_o to_o take_v notice_n that_o the_o claim_n of_o sea-dominion_n be_v make_v by_o he_o as_o well_o as_o by_o his_o father_n and_o for_o a_o time_n strenuous_o assert_v though_o afterward_o he_o slacken_v his_o hand_n in_o the_o prosecution_n whereof_o the_o netherlander_n take_v advantage_n and_o of_o our_o late_a commotion_n which_o be_v their_o halcyon-day_n and_o time_n of_o harvest_n be_v now_o advance_v to_o such_o a_o monstrous_a pitch_n of_o pride_n malice_n and_o ingratitude_n that_o they_o dare_v bid_v defiance_n to_o those_o ancient_a right_n which_o we_o have_v receive_v from_o all_o antiquity_n and_o justify_v their_o action_n by_o a_o most_o unjust_a and_o bloody_a war_n in_o the_o view_n of_o all_o the_o world_n what_o remain_n then_o but_o that_o the_o parliament_n and_o people_n of_o england_n shall_v lay_v these_o thing_n to_o heart_n with_o a_o indignation_n answerable_a to_o so_o prodigious_a violation_n and_o invasion_n they_o have_v now_o a_o opportunity_n and_o strength_n give_v they_o by_o god_n o_o let_v not_o heart_n be_v want_v to_o make_v good_a the_o claim_n and_o accomplish_v that_o work_n of_o establish_v our_o interest_n by_o sea_n beyond_o the_o possibility_n of_o future_a impeachment_n let_v it_o not_o be_v say_v that_o england_n in_o the_o state_n of_o monarchy_n be_v able_a to_o hold_v the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o sea_n so_o many_o hundred_o year_n and_o then_o lose_v it_o in_o the_o state_n of_o liberty_n it_o be_v as_o now_o establish_v with_o its_o appendant_o the_o great_a and_o most_o glorious_a republic_n that_o the_o sun_n ever_o see_v except_o the_o roman_a god_n have_v make_v it_o so_o by_o land_n and_o will_v by_o sea_n for_o without_o this_o the_o land_n be_v nothing_o it_o be_v ever_o so_o apprehend_v by_o king_n yea_o by_o the_o last_o and_o worst_a of_o our_o king_n and_o shall_v the_o founder_n of_o this_o famous_a structure_n of_o government_n now_o in_o be_v who_o have_v cashier_v king_n and_o vindicate_v the_o right_n and_o liberty_n of_o this_o nation_n upon_o his_o head_n and_o his_o whole_a posterity_n and_o party_n not_o assert_v they_o against_o perfidious_a neighbour_n it_o be_v unpardonable_a in_o any_o to_o harbour_v a_o thought_n of_o that_o nature_n or_o to_o yield_v that_o such_o a_o blemish_n shall_v be_v bring_v upon_o all_o those_o glorious_a action_n and_o achievement_n whereby_o god_n have_v free_v and_o ennoble_v our_o land_n and_o nation_n but_o that_o the_o people_n of_o england_n may_v be_v excite_v to_o a_o valuation_n maintenance_n and_o improvement_n of_o their_o interest_n by_o sea_n it_o be_v necessary_a to_o let_v they_o understand_v what_o advantage_n be_v to_o be_v make_v thereby_o and_o be_v make_v by_o other_o who_o of_o usufructuary_n by_o permission_n have_v in_o design_n now_o to_o make_v themselves_o absolute_a lord_n of_o the_o fee_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v very_o convenient_a here_o to_o set_v down_o a_o excellent_a discourse_n which_o be_v write_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o late_a king_n and_o present_v by_o the_o follow_a title_n the_o inestimable_a riches_n and_o commodity_n of_o the_o british_a sea_n the_o coast_n of_o great_a britain_n do_v yield_v such_o a_o continual_a sea-harvest_n of_o gain_n and_o benefit_n to_o all_o those_o that_o with_o diligence_n do_v labour_n in_o the_o same_o that_o no_o time_n or_o season_n in_o the_o year_n pass_v away_o without_o some_o apparent_a mean_n of_o profitable_a employment_n especial_o to_o such_o as_o apply_v themselves_o to_o fish_v which_o from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o year_n unto_o the_o latter_a end_n continue_v upon_o some_o part_n or_o other_o upon_o our_o coast_n and_o therein_o such_o infinite_a shoal_n and_o multitude_n of_o fish_n be_v offer_v to_o the_o taker_n as_o may_v just_o move_v admiration_n not_o only_o to_o stranger_n but_o to_o those_o that_o daily_o be_v employ_v among_o they_o the_o summer-fishing_a for_o herring_n begin_v about_o midsummer_n and_o last_v some_o part_n of_o august_n the_o winter-fishing_a for_o herring_n last_v from_o september_n to_o the_o midst_n of_o november_n both_o which_o extend_v in_o place_n from_o boughones_n in_o scotland_n to_o the_o thame'_v mouth_n the_o fish_n for_o cod_n at_o alamby_n whirlington_n and_o white_a haven_n near_o the_o coast_n of_o lancashire_n from_o easter_n until_o whitsuntide_n the_o fish_n for_o hake_n at_o aberdenie_n abveswhich_n and_o other_o place_n between_o wales_n and_o ireland_n from_o whitsuntide_n to_o saint_n james_n tide_n the_o fish_n of_o cod_n and_o ling_n about_o padstow_n within_o the_o land_n and_o of_o severn_n from_o christmas_n to_o mid-lent_n the_o fish_n for_o cod_n on_o the_o west_n part_n of_o ireland_n frequent_v by_o those_o of_o biscay_n galicia_n and_o portugal_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o april_n until_o the_o end_n of_o june_n the_o fish_n for_o cod_n and_o ling_n on_o the_o north_n and_o north-east_n of_o ireland_n from_o christmas_n until_o michaëlmas_n the_o fish_n for_o pilcher_n on_o the_o west_n coast_n of_o england_n from_o saint_n james-tide_n until_o michaëlmas_n the_o fish_n for_o cod_n and_o ling_n upon_o the_o north-east_n of_o england_n from_o easter_n until_o midsummer_n the_o fish_n of_o great_a staple-ling_n and_o many_o other_o sort_n of_o fish_n lie_v about_o the_o island_n of_o scotland_n and_o in_o the_o several_a part_n of_o the_o british_a sea_n all_o the_o year_n long_o in_o september_n not_o many_o year_n since_o upon_o the_o coast_n of_o devonshire_n near_o minigal_n 500_o tun_n of_o fish_n be_v take_v in_o one_o day_n and_o about_o the_o same_o time_n three_o thousand_o pound_n worth_n of_o fish_n in_o one_o day_n be_v take_v at_o s_o t_o ives_n in_o cornwall_n by_o small_a boat_n and_o other_o poor_a provision_n our_o five-men-boat_n and_o cobles_n adventure_v in_o a_o calm_a to_o launch_v out_o among_o the_o
holland_n buss_n not_o far_o from_o robinhood_n bay_n return_v to_o whitbie_n full_o fraught_v with_o herring_n and_o report_v that_o they_o see_v some_o of_o those_o buss_n take_v ten_o twenty_o twenty_o four_o last_n at_o a_o draught_n of_o herring_n and_o return_v into_o their_o own_o country_n with_o forty_o fifty_o and_o a_o hundred_o last_n of_o herring_n in_o one_o buss._n our_o fleet_n of_o collier_n not_o many_o year_n since_o return_v from_o newcastle_n lade_v with_o coal_n about_o the_o well_o near_a flanborough_n head_n and_o scarborough_n meet_v with_o such_o multitude_n of_o cod_n ling_n and_o herring_n that_o one_o among_o the_o rest_n with_o certain_a ship-hook_n and_o other_o like_a iustrument_n draw_v up_o as_o much_o cod_n and_o ling_n in_o a_o little_a space_n of_o time_n as_o be_v sell_v well_o near_o for_o as_o much_o as_o her_o whole_a lade_n of_o cole_n and_o many_o hundred_o of_o ship_n may_v have_v be_v there_o lade_v in_o two_o day_n and_o two_o night_n out_o of_o which_o wonderful_a affluence_n and_o abundance_n of_o fish_n swarm_v in_o our_o sea_n that_o we_o may_v the_o better_o perceiv_v the_o infinite_a gain_n which_o foreign_a nation_n make_v i_o will_v especial_o insist_v upon_o the_o fish_n of_o the_o hollander_n in_o our_o coast_n and_o thereby_o show_v how_o by_o this_o mean_n principal_o they_o have_v increase_v 1._o in_o ship_n 2._o in_o mariner_n 3._o in_o trade_n 4._o in_o town_n and_o fortification_n 5._o in_o power_n extern_a or_o abroad_o 6._o in_o public_a revenue_n 7._o in_o private_a wealth_n 8._o in_o all_o manner_n of_o provision_n and_o store_n of_o thing_n necessary_a 1._o encreas_n of_o ship_n beside_o 700_o strand-boat_n 400_o evar_n and_o 400_o sullit_n driver_n and_o tod-boat_n wherewith_o the_o hollander_n fish_n upon_o their_o own_o coast_n every_o one_o of_o those_o employ_v another_o ship_n to_o fetch_v salt_n and_o carry_v their_o fish_n into_o other_o country_n be_v in_o all_o 3000_o sail_n maintain_v and_o set_v on_o work_n at_o least_o 4000_o person_n fisher_n tradesman_n woman_n and_o child_n they_o have_v 100_o doyer_n boat_n of_o 150_o tun_n a_o piece_n or_o thereabouts_o 700_o pink_n and_o well-boat_n from_o 60_o to_o 100_o tun_n a_o piece_n which_o altogether_o fish_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o england_n and_o scotland_n for_o cod_n and_o ling_n only_o and_o each_o of_o these_o employ_v another_o vessel_n for_o provide_v of_o salt_n and_o transport_v of_o their_o fish_n make_v in_o all_o 1600_o ship_n which_o maintain_v and_o employ_v person_n of_o all_o sort_n 4000_o at_o least_o for_o the_o herring-season_n they_o have_v 1600_o buss_n at_o the_o least_o all_o of_o they_o fish_v only_o upon_o our_o coast_n from_o boughonness_n in_o scotland_n to_o the_o mouth_n of_o thames_n and_o every_o one_o of_o these_o make_v work_n for_o three_o other_o ship_n that_o attend_v she_o the_o one_o to_o bring_v in_o salt_n from_o foreign_a part_n another_o to_o carry_v the_o say_a salt_n and_o cask_n to_o the_o buss_n and_o to_o bring_v back_o their_o herring_n and_o the_o three_o to_o transport_v the_o say_a fish_n into_o foreign_a country_n so_o that_o the_o total_a number_n of_o ship_n and_o buss_n ply_v the_o herring-fair_a be_v 6400_o whereby_o every_o buss_n one_o with_o another_o employ_v forty_o man_n mariner_n and_o fisher_n within_o her_o own_o hold_n and_o the_o rest_n ten_o man_n a_o piece_n which_o amount_v to_o 112000_o fisher_n and_o mariner_n all_o which_o maintain_v double_a if_o not_o treble_v so_o many_o tradesman_n woman_n and_o child_n a_o land_n moreover_o they_o have_v 400_o other_o vessel_n at_o least_o that_o take_v herring_n at_o yarmouth_n and_o there_o sell_v they_o for_o ready_a money_n so_o that_o the_o hollander_n beside_o 300_o ship_n beforementioned_a fish_v upon_o their_o own_o shore_n have_v at_o least_o 4800_o ship_n only_o maintain_v by_o the_o sea_n of_o great_a britain_n by_o which_o mean_v principal_o holland_n be_v not_o so_o big_a as_o one_o of_o our_o shire_n of_o england_n contain_v not_o above_o 28_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o three_o in_o breadth_n have_v increase_v the_o number_n of_o their_o ship_n to_o at_o least_o ten_o thousand_o sail_n be_v more_o than_o be_v in_o england_n france_n spain_n portugal_n italy_n denmark_n poland_n sweden_n and_o russia_n and_o to_o this_o number_n they_o add_v every_o day_n although_o their_o country_n itself_o afford'_v they_o neither_o material_n or_o victual_n nor_o merchandise_n to_o be_v account_v of_o towards_o their_o set_n forth_o beside_o these_o of_o holland_n lubeck_n have_v 700_o great_a ship_n hamborough_n six_o hundred_o embden_n fourteen_o hundred_o whereunto_o add_v the_o ship_n of_o bremer_n biscay_n portugal_n spain_n and_o france_n which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n fish_n in_o our_o sea_n and_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o ten_o thousand_o sail_n of_o foreign_a vessel_n and_o above_o be_v employ_v and_o maintain_v by_o fish_v upon_o our_o coast_n so_o that_o in_o holland_n there_o be_v build_v a_o thousand_o sail_n at_o the_o least_o to_o supply_v shipwreck_n and_o augment_v their_o store_n which_o as_o the_o prince_n and_o common_a nursery_n be_v the_o chief_a mean_n only_o to_o encrea_n their_o number_n 2._o encreas_n of_o mariner_n the_o number_n of_o ship_n fish_v on_o our_o coast_n as_o be_v aforesaid_a 8400._o if_o we_o allow_v but_o twenty_o person_n to_o every_o ship_n one_o with_o another_o the_o total_a of_o mariner_n and_o fisher_n amount_v to_o 168000_o out_o of_o which_o number_n they_o daily_o furnish_v their_o long_a voyage_n to_o all_o part_n of_o the_o world_n for_o by_o this_o mean_v they_o be_v not_o only_o enable_v to_o brook_v the_o sea_n and_o to_o know_v the_o use_n of_o the_o tackle_n and_o compass_n but_o be_v likewise_o instruct_v in_o the_o principle_n of_o navigation_n and_o pilotage_n insomuch_o as_o from_o hence_o their_o great_a navigator_n have_v have_v their_o education_n and_o breed_n 3._o encreas_n of_o trade_n by_o reason_n of_o those_o multitude_n of_o ship_n and_o mariner_n they_o have_v extend_v their_o trade_n to_o all_o part_n of_o the_o world_n export_v for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o all_o their_o voyage_n our_o herring_n and_o other_o fish_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o same_o in_o exchange_v whereof_o they_o return_v the_o several_a commodity_n of_o other_o country_n from_o the_o southern_a part_n as_o france_n spain_n and_o portugal_n for_o our_o herring_n they_o return_v oil_n wine_n prune_n honey_n wool_n etc._n etc._n with_o store_n of_o coin_n in_o specie_fw-la from_o the_o strait_n velvet_n satin_n and_o all_o sort_n of_o silk_n allome_n currant_n oil_n and_o all_o grocery_n ware_n with_o much_o money_n from_o the_o east-country_n for_o our_o herring_n and_o other_o french_a and_o italian_a commodity_n before_o return_v they_o bring_v home_o corn_n wax_n flax_n hemp_n pitch_n tar_n soap-ash_n iron_n copper_n steel_n clap-board_n wainscot_n timber_n deal-board_n dollar_n and_o hungary_n gilder_n from_o germany_n for_o herring_n and_o other_o salt_n fish_n iron_n steel_n glass_n millstone_n rhenish_a wine_n button-plate_n for_o armour_n with_o other_o munition_n silk_n velvet_n rash_n fustian_n baratee_n and_o such_o like_a frankford_n commodity_n with_o store_n of_o rixdoller_n from_o brabant_n they_o return_v for_o the_o most_o part_n ready_a money_n with_o some_o tapestry_n and_o hull-shop_n yea_o some_o of_o our_o herring_n be_v carry_v as_o far_o as_o braseil_n and_o that_o which_o be_v more_o strange_a and_o great_o to_o our_o shame_n they_o have_v four_o hundred_o ship_n with_o fish_n which_o our_o man_n of_o yarmouth_n within_o ken_n almost_o at_o land_n do_v vent_v our_o herring_n among_o we_o here_o in_o england_n and_o make_v we_o pay_v for_o the_o fish_n take_v upon_o our_o own_o coast_n ready_a money_n wherewith_o they_o store_v their_o own_o country_n 4._o encreas_n of_o town_n and_o fort_n by_o this_o their_o large_a extent_n of_o trade_n they_o be_v become_v as_o it_o be_v citizen_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n whereby_o they_o have_v so_o enlarge_v their_o town_n that_o most_o of_o they_o within_o these_o four_o hundred_o year_n be_v full_a as_o great_a again_o as_o they_o be_v before_o amsterdam_n leyden_n and_o middleburgh_n have_v be_v late_o twice_o enlarge_v and_o their_o street_n and_o building_n so_o fair_a and_o orderly_o set_v forth_o that_o for_o beauty_n and_o strength_n they_o may_v compare_v with_o any_o other_o in_o the_o world_n upon_o which_o they_o bestow_v infinite_a sum_n of_o money_n all_o original_o flow_v from_o the_o bounty_n of_o the_o sea_n from_o whence_o by_o their_o labour_n and_o industry_n they_o derive_v the_o begin_n of_o all_o that_o wealth_n and_o greatness_n and_o particular_o for_o the_o havens_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a town_n whereof_o some_o of_o they_o cost_v forty_o fifty_o or_o a_o
or_o singularity_n especial_o when_o it_o be_v beside_o most_o apparent_a that_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n do_v not_o only_o pretend_v to_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o sound_n but_o cause_v all_o such_o ship_n as_o pass_v through_o it_o to_o pay_v what_o toll_n he_o please_v the_o great_a turk_n prohibit'_v all_o nation_n save_v his_o own_o vassal_n to_o enter_v the_o black_a sea_n or_o pontus_n euxinus_n the_o like_a he_o do_v to_o the_o red_a sea_n which_o conte_v at_o the_o least_o 1200_o mile_n in_o length_n begin_v from_o the_o streit_n of_o babelmandel_n which_o give_v we_o entrance_n thereinto_o and_o end_v at_o the_o town_n of_o sue_v which_o be_v seat_v at_o the_o bottom_n thereof_o the_o king_n of_o portugal_n oppose_v to_o the_o utmost_a of_o his_o power_n any_o but_o his_o own_o subject_n to_o sail_v into_o the_o east-indies_n affirm_v those_o sea_n to_o be_v entire_o under_o his_o dominion_n as_o well_o by_o conquest_n as_o the_o pope_n donation_n insomuch_o as_o the_o small_a vessel_n even_o of_o the_o native_n of_o those_o part_n can_v sail_v from_o port_n to_o port_n without_o the_o passport_n of_o the_o viceroy_n of_o goa_n or_o of_o some_o other_o by_o he_o depute_v thereto_o style_v himself_o among_o other_o his_o title_n to_o be_v king_n of_o the_o conquest_n navigation_n and_o commerce_n or_o traffic_n of_o aethiopia_n arabia_n persia_n india_n etc._n etc._n which_o have_v be_v hitherto_o so_o punctual_o observe_v as_o no_o castilian_a or_o spaniard_n may_v at_o any_o time_n or_o for_o any_o occasion_n sail_n into_o the_o east-indies_n though_o both_o those_o nation_n be_v for_o many_o year_n together_o unite_v under_o one_o king_n second_o if_o the_o dominion_n of_o these_o sea_n dotrue_o and_o proper_o belong_v to_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o england_n as_o have_v be_v so_o sufficient_o clear_v and_o prove_v to_o the_o whole_a world_n by_o that_o learned_a book_n entitle_v mare_fw-la clausum_fw-la why_o may_v not_o or_o ought_v not_o the_o people_n of_o england_n by_o all_o lawful_a way_n procure_v that_o the_o dominion_n of_o these_o sea_n that_o so_o just_o apperte_v unto_o they_o may_v be_v secure_v from_o any_o force_n violence_n or_o opposition_n how_o great_a soever_o of_o their_o most_o powerful_a neighbour_n whenas_o we_o see_v the_o venetian_n to_o be_v so_o jealous_a in_o preservation_n of_o the_o title_n they_o pretend_v to_o their_o sea_n as_o rather_o than_o to_o suffer_v it_o to_o be_v in_o the_o least_o sort_n question_v they_o do_v upon_o all_o occasion_n oppose_v themselves_o by_o force_n or_o otherwise_o against_o the_o most_o potent_a prince_n of_o europe_n and_o asia_n vale._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d dominium_fw-la maris_fw-la or_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea._n after_o a_o long_a peace_n betwixt_o the_o progenitor_n of_o the_o emperor_n maximilian_n the_o first_o and_o the_o republic_n of_o venice_n in_o the_o year_n 1508_o there_o begin_v certain_a slight_a difference_n which_o conclude_v in_o a_o notable_a and_o most_o memorable_a war_n insomuch_o as_o the_o republic_n for_o 22_o year_n follow_v be_v with_o the_o say_a prince_n and_o with_o his_o posterity_n for_o divers_a respect_n sometime_o in_o war_n sometime_o in_o peace_n and_o sometime_o in_o truce_n until_o in_o the_o year_n 1529_o all_o difference_n betwixt_o they_o be_v compose_v and_o a_o peace_n conclude_v in_o bolonia_n which_o continue_v all_o that_o age_n with_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o together_o with_o his_o brother_n ferdinando_n king_n of_o hungary_n and_o archduke_n of_o austria_n but_o because_o by_o the_o division_n make_v betwixt_o the_o say_a brethren_n seven_o year_n before_o all_o the_o austrian_a land_n which_o confine_v with_o the_o venetian_n be_v lay_v by_o agreement_n unto_o the_o part_n which_o belong_v unto_o king_n ferdinand_n the_o confine_n of_o which_o as_o they_o have_v conjuncture_n with_o the_o land_n of_o the_o republic_n be_v very_o intricate_a and_o of_o great_a difficulty_n to_o conclude_v unto_o whether_o party_n they_o do_v belong_v as_o well_o for_o the_o public_a reason_n of_o the_o say_a prince_n as_o for_o those_o of_o their_o private_a subject_n to_o end_v all_o which_o in_o quiet_a it_o be_v agree_v that_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o arbitrarie_a tribunal_n erect_v in_o trent_n for_o the_o decide_n of_o these_o doubt_n which_o in_o the_o year_n 1535_o pronounce_v sentence_n whereby_o all_o the_o difference_n be_v more_o than_o a_o hundred_o be_v definitive_o conclude_v here_o notwithstanding_o the_o difficulty_n cease_v not_o because_o some_o do_v travers_n the_o execution_n of_o the_o sentence_n so_o as_o in_o progress_n of_o time_n new_a quarrel_n do_v arise_v from_o both_o side_n each_o one_o pretend_v new_a wrongâ—_n offer_v by_o the_o advers._fw-la party_n whereupon_o to_o put_v a_o end_n to_o all_o these_o difference_n there_o be_v by_o the_o common_a consent_n as_o well_o of_o ferdinando_n who_o succeed_v in_o the_o empire_n by_o the_o resignation_n of_o his_o brother_n as_o of_o the_o republic_n a_o convention_n appoint_v in_o friuli_n 1563_o of_o five_o commissary_n one_o procurator_n and_o three_o advocate_n for_o each_o part_n who_o shall_v treat_v of_o the_o difference_n as_o well_o old_a as_o new_a and_o shall_v have_v power_n to_o conclude_v they_o under_o the_o ratification_n of_o the_o several_a prince_n and_o this_o so_o great_a a_o number_n of_o judge_n be_v desire_v by_o the_o emperor_n the_o better_a to_o give_v satisfaction_n to_o his_o subject_n of_o several_a province_n interest_v in_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o imperial_a side_n the_o commissary_n be_v andrew_n preghel_n a_o baron_n of_o austria_n maximilian_n dorimbergh_n elenger_n de_fw-fr goritia_n stephen_n sourz_n and_o anthony_n statemberger_n the_o procurator_n be_v giacomo_n campana_n chancellor_n of_o goritia_n the_o doctor_n or_o advocate_n be_v andrea_n rapicio_fw-la gervasio_n alberto_n and_o giovan_n maria_n gratia_n dei_fw-la for_o the_o venetian_n the_o commissary_n be_v sebastian_z venier_n marino_n de_fw-fr cavalli_n pietro_n sanudo_n giovan_n baptista_n contarini_n and_o augustin_n barbarigo_n the_o procurator_n be_v giovan_n antonio_n a_o secretary_n the_o advocates_n marquardo_fw-it susanna_n francisco_n gratiano_n and_o giacomo_n chizzola_n at_o this_o convention_n the_o complaint_n on_o both_o side_n be_v open_v which_o be_v argue_v and_o the_o other_o public_a difference_n partly_o compose_v and_o partly_o decide_v there_o be_v take_v into_o consideration_n a_o petition_n of_o the_o imperial_a procurator_n in_o this_o form_n ejusden_n majestatis_fw-la nomine_fw-la requiritur_fw-la ut_fw-la posthac_fw-la illius_fw-la subditis_fw-la atque_fw-la aliis_fw-la in_o sinu_fw-la adriatico_n tutò_fw-la navigare_fw-la ac_fw-la negotiari_fw-la liceat_fw-la item_n ut_fw-la damna_fw-la tergestinis_fw-la mercatoribus_fw-la atque_fw-la aliis_fw-la illata_fw-la restituantur_fw-la it_o be_v require_v in_o the_o name_n of_o his_o majesty_n that_o hereafter_o it_o may_v be_v lawful_a for_o his_o subject_n and_o other_o to_o traffic_v and_o navigate_v safe_o in_o the_o adriatic_a gulf._n likewise_o that_o recompense_n be_v make_v for_o the_o damage_n sustain_v by_o the_o merchant_n of_o trieste_n and_o other_o and_o rapicio_fw-la the_o advocate_n do_v accompany_v this_o demand_n with_o say_v that_o this_o be_v not_o a_o cause_n to_o be_v handle_v with_o any_o subtlety_n it_o be_v a_o thing_n most_o notorious_a that_o navigation_n ought_v to_o be_v free_a notwithstanding_o the_o subject_n of_o his_o majesty_n have_v be_v constrain_v to_o go_v with_o their_o ship_n to_o venice_n and_o there_o to_o pay_v custom_n at_o which_o his_o majesty_n be_v aggrieve_v and_o make_v instance_n that_o it_o may_v be_v remedy_v to_o this_o chizzola_n advocate_n of_o the_o republic_n make_v answer_n say_v that_o it_o be_v a_o clear_a case_n indeed_o that_o navigation_n ought_v to_o be_v free_a but_o yet_o those_o thing_n whereat_o they_o be_v aggrieve_v be_v no_o way_n repugnant_a to_o this_o freedom_n forasmuch_o as_o in_o country_n which_o be_v most_o free_a those_o who_o have_v the_o dominion_n thereof_o receiv_a custom_n and_o order_n by_o which_o way_n all_o merchandise_n shall_v pass_v and_o therefore_o no_o body_n shall_v be_v grieve_v if_o the_o venetian_n for_o their_o own_o respect_n do_v use_v so_o to_o do_v in_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n which_o be_v under_o their_o dominion_n and_o he_o add_v that_o if_o they_o intend_v to_o dispute_v of_o the_o business_n in_o question_n he_o be_v to_o advertise_v they_o that_o this_o cause_n can_v not_o by_o any_o preten_v be_v bring_v into_o judgement_n at_o that_o convention_n which_o be_v only_o institute_v for_o the_o execution_n of_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v former_o sentence_v and_o for_o right_v of_o such_o new_a wrong_n which_o succeed_v after_o the_o sentence_n it_o be_v beside_o a_o thing_n most_o notorious_a that_o the_o republic_n as_o lord_n of_o the_o adriatiok_n sea_n do_v exercise_v that_o dominion_n at_o the_o present_a
he_o allow_v to_o they_o in_o his_o own_o state_n and_o if_o his_o imperial_a majesty_n within_o his_o own_o state_n upon_o the_o land_n will_v not_o yield_v that_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o republic_n shall_v go_v which_o way_n they_o listen_v but_o coustrain_n they_o to_o pass_v by_o such_o place_n only_o where_o custom_n be_v to_o be_v pay_v he_o can_v with_o justice_n demand_n that_o his_o subject_n may_v pass_v by_o or_o through_o the_o sea_n of_o the_o republic_n which_o way_n they_o listen_v but_o aught_o to_o content_v himself_o that_o they_o go_v that_o way_n only_o which_o shall_v best_o stand_v with_o the_o commodity_n of_o those_o who_o have_v the_o dominion_n over_o it_o and_o if_o his_o majesty_n cause_n custom_n to_o be_v pay_v upon_o his_o land_n why_o may_v not_o the_o venetian_n likewise_o do_v it_o upon_o their_o sea_n he_o demand_v of_o they_o if_o by_o the_o capitulation_n they_o will_v have_v it_o that_o the_o emperor_n be_v restrain_v or_o hinder_v from_o take_v of_o custom_n and_o if_o not_o why_o will_v they_o have_v the_o venetian_n tie_v thereunto_o by_o a_o capitulation_n which_o speak_v of_o both_o potentate_n equal_o with_o the_o same_o word_n he_o show_v by_o particular_a narration_n that_o from_o the_o peace_n of_o venice_n 152â—_n until_o that_o present_a the_o emperor_n have_v increase_v his_o custom_n to_o the_o grievance_n of_o the_o venetian's_n subject_n in_o victual_n and_o merchandise_n which_o pass_v from_o the_o one_o state_n unto_o the_o other_o insomuch_o as_o that_o which_o former_o pay_v but_o one_o be_v now_o increase_v in_o some_o to_o 16_o and_o in_o other_o to_o 20._o and_o he_o instance_a in_o iron_n and_o other_o commodity_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o pay_v little_a or_o nothing_o be_v now_o raise_v to_o such_o a_o excessive_a custom_n as_o prove_v much_o to_o the_o damage_n of_o the_o venetian_n beside_o they_o be_v force_v to_o pass_v only_o by_o such_o place_n where_o they_o shall_v pay_v custom_n out_o of_o which_o to_o pass_v it_o be_v contra_fw-la banda_fw-la and_o their_o good_n confiscate_v and_o if_o his_o majesty_n think_n be_v it_o lawful_a to_o do_v what_o it_o please_v within_o his_o own_o estate_n without_o break_v of_o the_o capitulation_n he_o can_v think_v that_o the_o venetian_n do_v but_o the_o same_o shall_v contrary_a thereunto_o any_o way_n offend_v he_o add_v that_o in_o every_o peace_n establish_v betwixt_o two_o prince_n after_o a_o war_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o their_o subject_n may_v live_v and_o trade_v together_o not_o to_o the_o exclude_v of_o custom_n although_o there_o be_v exclude_v the_o violence_n hostility_n and_o other_o impediment_n of_o trade_n which_o be_v former_o use_v in_o time_n of_o war_n neither_o be_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o one_o or_o other_o prince_n thereby_o take_v away_o or_o restrain_v by_o sea_n or_o by_o land_n at_o the_o force_n and_o clearness_n of_o this_o discourse_n the_o austrian_n remain_v as_o it_o be_v in_o a_o trance_n look_v one_o upon_o another_o insomuch_o that_o chizzola_n judge_v it_o not_o to_o be_v necessary_a to_o dwell_v long_o upon_o this_o pass_v to_o the_o proof_n of_o the_o presuppose_a truth_n viz._n that_o the_o republic_n have_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o say_v that_o the_o proportion_n be_v most_o true_a that_o the_o sea_n be_v common_a and_o free_a but_o yet_o not_o otherwise_o that_o can_v be_v understand_v then_o as_o it_o be_v common_o say_v the_o highway_n be_v common_a and_o free_a by_o which_o be_v mean_v that_o they_o can_v be_v usurp_v by_o any_o private_a person_n for_o his_o sole_a proper_a service_n but_o remain_v to_o the_o use_n of_o every_o one_o not_o therefore_o that_o they_o be_v so_o free_a as_o that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v under_o the_o protection_n and_o government_n of_o some_o prince_n and_o that_o every_o one_o may_v do_v therein_o licentious_o all_o that_o which_o it_o please_v he_o either_o by_o right_n or_o wrong_n forasmuch_o as_o such_o licentiousness_n or_o anarchy_n be_v abhor_v both_o of_o god_n and_o nature_n as_o well_o by_o sea_n as_o by_o land_n that_o the_o true_a liberty_n of_o the_o sea_n exclude_n it_o not_o from_o the_o protection_n and_o superiority_n of_o such_o as_o maintain_v it_o in_o liberty_n nor_o from_o the_o subjection_n to_o the_o law_n of_o such_o as_o have_v command_n over_o it_o rather_o necessary_o it_o include_n it_o that_o no_o less_o the_o sea_n than_o the_o land_n be_v subject_a to_o be_v divide_v among_o man_n and_o appropriate_v to_o city_n and_o potentate_n which_o long_o since_o be_v ordain_v by_o god_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o mankind_n as_o a_o thing_n most_o natural_a which_o be_v well_o understand_v by_o aristotle_n when_o he_o say_v that_o unto_o sea_n or_o maritime_a city_n the_o sea_n be_v the_o territory_n because_o from_o thence_o they_o take_v their_o sustenance_n and_o defence_n a_o thing_n which_o can_v possible_o be_v unless_o part_n of_o it_o may_v be_v appropriate_v in_o the_o like_a manner_n as_o the_o land_n be_v which_o be_v divide_v betwixt_o city_n and_o government_n not_o by_o equal_a part_n nor_o according_a to_o their_o greatness_n but_o as_o they_o have_v be_v or_o be_v able_a to_o rule_v govern_v and_o defend_v they_o bern_n be_v not_o the_o great_a city_n of_o switzerland_n and_o yet_o it_o have_v as_o large_a a_o territory_n as_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o twelv_v canton_n together_o and_o the_o city_n of_o norimberg_n be_v very_o great_a and_o yet_o the_o territory_n thereof_o hardly_o exceed_v the_o wall_n and_o the_o city_n of_o venice_n for_o many_o year_n be_v know_v to_o be_v without_o any_o possession_n at_o all_o upon_o the_o firm_a land_n upon_o the_o sea_n likewise_o certain_a city_n of_o great_a force_n and_o valour_n have_v possess_v a_o large_a quantity_n thereof_o other_o of_o little_a force_n have_v be_v content_v with_o the_o next_o water_n neither_o be_v there_o want_v example_n of_o such_o who_o notwithstanding_o they_o be_v maritime_a yet_o have_v fertile_a land_n lie_v on_o the_o back_n of_o they_o have_v be_v content_v therewith_o without_o ever_o attempt_v to_o gain_v any_o sea-dominion_n other_o who_o be_v awe_v by_o their_o more_o mighty_a neighbour_n have_v be_v constrain_v to_o forbear_v any_o such_o attempt_n for_o which_o two_o cause_n a_o city_n notwithstanding_o it_o be_v maritime_a may_v happen_v to_o remain_v without_o any_o possession_n of_o the_o sea_n he_o add_v that_o god_n do_v instant_a principality_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o justice_n to_o the_o benefit_n of_o mankind_n which_o be_v necessary_a to_o be_v execute_v as_o well_o by_o sea_n as_o by_o land_n that_o s._n paul_n say_v that_o for_o this_o cause_n there_o be_v due_a to_o prince_n custom_n and_o contribution_n that_o it_o shall_v be_v a_o great_a absurdity_n to_o prais_fw-fr the_o well_o govern_v regulate_v and_o defence_n of_o the_o land_n and_o to_o condemn_v that_o of_o the_o sea_n that_o if_o the_o sea_n in_o some_o part_n for_o the_o ampleness_n and_o extreme_a distance_n thereof_o from_o the_o land_n be_v not_o possible_a to_o be_v govern_v and_o protect_v that_o proceed_v from_o a_o disabilitie_n and_o defect_n in_o mankind_n as_o also_o there_o be_v desert_n so_o great_a upon_o the_o land_n as_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o protect_v they_o witness_v the_o many_o sandy_a part_n of_o africa_n and_o the_o immense_a vastity_n of_o the_o new_a world_n and_o as_o it_o be_v a_o gift_n of_o god_n that_o a_o land_n by_o the_o law_n and_o public_a power_n be_v rule_v protect_v and_o govern_v so_o the_o same_o happen's_n to_o the_o sea_n that_o those_o be_v deceive_v by_o a_o gross_a equivocation_n who_o say_v that_o the_o land_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o stability_n may_v be_v govern_v but_o not_o the_o sea_n for_o be_v a_o unconstant_a element_n no_o more_o than_o the_o aër_fw-la forasmuch_o as_o if_o by_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o aër_fw-la they_o intend_v all_o the_o part_n of_o those_o fluent_a element_n it_o be_v a_o most_o certain_a thing_n that_o they_o can_v be_v govern_v because_o whilst_o a_o man_n serve_v himself_o with_o any_o one_o part_n of_o they_o the_o other_o escape_n out_o of_o his_o power_n but_o this_o chance_v also_o to_o river_n which_o can_v be_v retain_v but_o when_o it_o be_v say_v to_o rule_v over_o a_o sea_n or_o river_n it_o be_v not_o understand_v of_o the_o element_n but_o of_o the_o site_n where_o they_o be_v place_v the_o water_n of_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n continual_o run_v out_o of_o it_o neither_o can_v it_o all_o be_v keep_v in_o and_o yet_o it_o be_v the_o same_o sea_n as_o well_o as_o the_o tiber_n po_n or_o the_o rhine_n be_v the_o same_o river_n now_o which_o they_o be_v 1000_o year_n past_a and_o this_o be_v that_o which_o
be_v subject_a to_o the_o protection_n of_o prince_n he_o ask_v the_o austrian_n if_o their_o preten_v be_v that_o the_o sea_n shall_v be_v leave_v without_o protection_n so_o that_o any_o one_o may_v do_v therein_o well_o or_o ill_o rob_v spoil_v and_o make_v of_o it_o un-navigable_a this_o will_v be_v so_o absurd_a as_o he_o dare_v answer_v for_o they_o no_o therefore_o he_o conclude_v that_o by_o a_o necessary_a consequence_n his_o majesty_n will_v acknowledge_v that_o it_o shall_v be_v keep_v govern_v and_o protect_v by_o those_o unto_o who_o it_o do_v appertein_a by_o divine_a disposition_n which_o if_o it_o be_v so_o he_o desire_v to_o know_v if_o it_o seem_v to_o they_o a_o just_a thing_n that_o such_o shall_v do_v it_o with_o the_o expense_n of_o their_o own_o pain_n charge_n and_o blood_n or_o rather_o that_o such_o shall_v contribute_v towards_o it_o who_o do_v equal_o enjoy_v the_o benefit_n to_o this_o also_o he_o dare_v answer_v for_o they_o that_o they_o will_v say_v the_o doctrine_n of_o s_o t_o paul_n be_v too_o clear_a in_o the_o point_n not_o to_o allege_v matter_n of_o law_n that_o all_o such_o who_o be_v under_o government_n and_o protection_n be_v thereby_o bind_v to_o pay_v custom_n and_o contribution_n and_o thereupon_o he_o conclude_v that_o if_o the_o republic_n be_v that_o prince_n to_o who_o it_o do_v appertein_a to_o govern_v and_o protect_v the_o adriatic_a sea_n it_o follow_v necessary_o that_o whosoëver_o navigate_n it_n aught_o to_o be_v subject_a to_o their_o law_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o such_o be_v who_o travel_n through_o a_o country_n upon_o the_o land_n from_o thence_o he_o go_v on_o to_o show_v that_o this_o dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n from_o time_n out_o of_o mind_n do_v belong_v to_o the_o republic_n and_o thereupon_o cause_v to_o be_v read_v out_o of_o a_o abstract_n which_o he_o have_v take_v the_o opinion_n of_o thirty_o lawyer_n who_o from_o the_o year_n 1300_o until_o that_o present_a time_n do_v speak_v of_o the_o dominion_n which_o the_o republic_n have_v over_o the_o sea_n as_o of_o a_o thing_n most_o notorious_a and_o of_o which_o even_o in_o their_o time_n the_o mind_n of_o man_n know_v not_o the_o contrary_a some_o of_o they_o affirm_v that_o the_o republic_n have_v no_o less_o dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n then_o over_o the_o city_n of_o venice_n other_o say_v that_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n be_v the_o territory_n and_o demesne_n of_o the_o say_a city_n make_v mention_n of_o the_o lawful_a power_n which_o the_o venetian_n have_v to_o establish_v law_n over_o navigaon_n and_o to_o impose_v custom_n upon_o such_o as_o navigate_v those_o sea_n and_o he_o add_v that_o he_o never_o read_v any_o lawyer_n which_o ever_o say_v the_o contrary_a and_o turn_v himself_o to_o râ—picio_fw-la he_o say_v that_o if_o he_o will_v not_o believ_n those_o writer_n which_o testify_v that_o the_o sea_n belong_v to_o the_o venetian_n whereof_o they_o have_v possession_n from_o time_n out_o of_o mind_n before_o the_o age_n wherein_o the_o autor_n live_v although_o they_o prove_v it_o not_o yet_o he_o can_v not_o deny_v to_o receiv_v they_o for_o testimony_n of_o such_o thing_n which_o they_o see_v and_o know_v in_o their_o time_n and_o to_o hold_v they_o as_o witness_n far_o above_o all_o exception_n be_v famous_a man_n and_o dead_a so_o many_o year_n ago_o as_o they_o can_v not_o be_v any_o way_n interest_v in_o the_o present_a difference_n and_o because_o more_o than_o 250_o year_n be_v pass_v from_o the_o time_n that_o the_o first_o autor_n which_o he_o allege_v as_o witness_n hereof_o do_v write_v to_o the_o time_n of_o those_o which_o he_o last_o cite_v in_o that_o behalf_n by_o their_o attestation_n it_o be_v sufficient_o prove_v that_o for_o long_a time_n more_o than_o so_o many_o year_n the_o republic_n have_v command_v the_o sea_n and_o therefore_o he_o can_v not_o deny_v the_o immovable_a possession_n thereof_o to_o the_o present_a afterward_o turn_v himself_o to_o the_o judge_n he_o pray_v they_o that_o upon_o the_o autority_n allege_v they_o will_v be_v please_v to_o listen_v unto_o a_o short_a consideration_n of_o he_o which_o he_o do_v not_o doubt_n but_o will_v leave_v in_o they_o a_o full_a impression_n of_o the_o truth_n and_o first_o he_o desire_v they_o to_o consider_v that_o notwithstanding_o some_o of_o the_o aforesaid_a cite_a autor_n speak_v with_o general_a word_n say_v the_o sea_n of_o the_o venetian_n neither_o declare_v the_o quality_n nor_o quantity_n thereof_o yet_o other_o do_v specify_v it_o use_v the_o name_n of_o the_o gulf_n and_o other_o with_o term_n more_o expressive_a say_v the_o adriatic_a sea_n which_o clear_o demonstrate_n not_o only_o the_o site_n but_o also_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o sea_n possess_v and_o so_o show_v that_o those_o who_o speak_v more_o expressive_o aught_o to_o clear_v the_o passage_n of_o those_o who_o write_v more_o general_o according_a to_o the_o common_a precept_n that_o with_o clear_a place_n the_o more_o obscure_a be_v to_o be_v illustrate_v he_o consider_v also_o that_o the_o divers_a manner_n of_o speak_v of_o the_o same_o doctor_n some_o derive_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o republic_n over_o the_o sea_n from_o custom_n some_o from_o prescription_n other_o from_o a_o induce_v subjection_n and_o other_o from_o a_o privilege_n do_v arise_v all_o out_o of_o this_o reason_n because_o as_o they_o be_v most_o assure_o inform_v of_o the_o possession_n and_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o say_a sea_n which_o they_o both_o see_v and_o hear_v to_o belong_v to_o the_o republic_n from_o time_n out_o of_o mind_n so_o they_o write_v upon_o that_o matter_n not_o at_o the_o instance_n of_o any_o one_o but_o of_o their_o own_o proper_a motion_n and_o by_o way_n of_o doctrine_n only_o each_o one_o of_o they_o judge_v it_o most_o convenient_a to_o express_v the_o title_n of_o that_o jurisdiction_n some_o with_o one_o term_n some_o with_o another_o without_o come_v to_o use_v the_o sole_a and_o true_a proper_a term_n as_o they_o will_v have_v do_v if_o they_o have_v be_v put_v to_o write_v for_o the_o interest_n of_o any_o one_o in_o which_o case_n the_o counsellor_n be_v always_o conformable_a receive_v from_o the_o person_n interest_v equal_o the_o like_a instruction_n he_o add_v that_o through_o the_o variety_n of_o express_v themselves_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o cause_n be_v no_o way_n diminish_v but_o rather_o increase_v as_o s_n t_o augustine_n say_v speak_v of_o the_o diversity_n which_o be_v observe_v to_o be_v betwixt_o the_o holy_a evangelist_n because_o by_o the_o divers_a manner_n of_o expression_n use_v by_o the_o say_a writer_n every_o one_o may_v rest_v assure_v that_o none_o of_o they_o do_v write_v nè_fw-la pagato_fw-la nè_fw-la pregato_fw-la neither_o pay_v nor_o pray_v in_o which_o case_n they_o be_v never_o wont_a to_o vary_v from_o the_o single_a form_n prescribe_v unto_o they_o by_o the_o party_n interest_v but_o rather_o he_o that_o shall_v well_o examine_v it_o shall_v see_v among_o the_o doctor_n a_o wonderful_a concord_n in_o this_o one_o point_n most_o true_a that_o after_o the_o declination_n of_o the_o constantipolitane_a empire_n the_o adriatic_a sea_n be_v find_v to_o be_v for_o many_o year_n abandon_v as_o also_o many_o island_n and_o city_n of_o that_o state_n in_o such_o manner_n as_o it_o remain_v unguarded_a and_o without_o the_o protection_n and_o government_n of_o any_o prince_n and_o under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o no_o body_n until_o by_o the_o venetian_n who_o to_o receiv_v their_o livelihood_n thereby_o be_v constrain_v to_o maintain_v it_o in_o freedom_n and_o thereupon_o take_v it_o into_o their_o protection_n get_v thereby_o the_o government_n and_o dominion_n over_o it_o in_o like_a manner_n as_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o of_o nation_n the_o land_n the_o sea_n and_o other_o thing_n which_o be_v not_o under_o the_o dominion_n of_o any_o other_o come_v just_o unto_o those_o who_o first_o get_v the_o possession_n of_o they_o by_o which_o reason_n the_o first_o empire_n be_v found_v as_o well_o upon_o the_o land_n as_o at_o sea_n and_o daily_o there_o be_v new_a one_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n form_v when_o any_o of_o they_o either_o through_o age_n or_o vice_n become_v weak_a want_v force_n and_o sink_v of_o itself_o the_o which_o costodie_n and_o government_n of_o the_o sea_n so_o acquire_v the_o republic_n have_v daily_o advance_v by_o the_o keep_n of_o potent_a fleet_n and_o great_a armada_n every_o day_n than_o other_o with_o the_o expense_n of_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o treasure_n and_o the_o profusion_n of_o a_o world_n of_o blood_n both_o of_o their_o citizen_n and_o subject_n continue_v without_o interruption_n in_o sight_n of_o all_o the_o world_n the_o say_v begin_v dominion_n and_o custody_n overcome_v and_o remove_v all_o
reckon_v rather_o among_o the_o province_n of_o the_o continent_n the_o sea_n lie_v between_o do_v not_o hinder_v but_o that_o one_o continue_a territory_n may_v be_v make_v of_o the_o continent_n and_o the_o isle_n and_o that_o also_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o ulpian_n who_o notwithstanding_o use_v to_o say_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v common_a to_o all_o man_n but_o of_o this_o hereafter_o in_o our_o answer_n to_o the_o objection_n the_o same_o ulpian_n also_o in_o another_o place_n say_v injuriis_fw-la si_fw-la quis_fw-la i_o prohibet_fw-la in_o mari_fw-fr piscari_fw-la vel_fw-la everriculum_fw-la etc._n etc._n if_o any_o man_n forbid_v i_o to_o fish_n in_o the_o sea_n or_o to_o draw_v a_o drag_v net_n which_o the_o greek_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d may_v i_o sue_v he_o or_o no_o at_o law_n upon_o a_o action_n of_o trespass_n some_o there_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o i_o may_v sue_v he_o upon_o a_o trespass_n so_o pomponius_n and_o many_o other_o say_v he_o be_v in_o the_o same_o condition_n with_o he_o that_o hinder_v one_o to_o wash_v in_o a_o public_a bath_n or_o to_o sit_v in_o a_o public_a theatre_n or_o to_o act_v sit_v and_o conver_n in_o any_o other_o place_n or_o put_v case_n there_o be_v any_o one_o that_o permit_n i_o not_o to_o use_v that_o which_o be_v my_o own_o but_o the_o ancient_n allow_v a_o interdict_v to_o he_o that_o hire_v the_o sea_n if_o so_o be_v he_o hire_v it_o in_o a_o public_a manner_n for_o force_n by_o that_o interdict_v be_v allow_v that_o he_o may_v enjoy_v what_o he_o have_v hire_v therefore_o the_o sea_n because_o it_o be_v possess_v by_o the_o people_n be_v reckon_v among_o public_a thing_n that_o be_v those_o thing_n which_o be_v proper_a and_o peculiar_a to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n not_o common_a to_o all_o man_n after_o another_o manner_n then_o public_a bath_n theatre_n and_o other_o thing_n of_o that_o kind_n and_o what_o do_v to_o hire_v in_o a_o public_a manner_n signify_v in_o this_o place_n but_o to_o become_v a_o hire_a or_o conductor_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o the_o people_n be_v lord_n thereof_o and_o letter_n or_o locator_n i_o suppose_v no_o man_n do_v affirm_v that_o any_o thing_n may_v be_v let_v for_o rent_n or_o hire_v which_o may_v not_o so_o belong_v to_o one_o man_n that_o can_v not_o be_v another_o but_o because_o public_a place_n by_o the_o roman_n civil_a law_n do_v serve_v for_o the_o use_n of_o 2._o private_a person_n therefore_o pomponius_n and_o other_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o there_o may_v have_v be_v here_o a_o action_n of_o trespass_n moreover_o it_o be_v a_o edict_n of_o the_o praetor_n that_o you_o do_v nothing_o in_o a_o public_a place_n or_o cast_v any_o thing_n into_o it_o whereby_o it_o may_v be_v endamage_v hereupon_o ulpian_n say_v 9_o against_o that_o man_n who_o have_v cast_v a_o dam_n or_o pile_n into_o the_o sea_n a_o interdict_v be_v allow_v he_o who_o perhaps_o may_v be_v endamage_v thereby_o but_o if_o no_o man_n sustain_v damage_n he_o be_v to_o be_v defend_v who_o build's_n upon_o the_o shore_n or_o cast_v a_o pile_n into_o the_o sea_n if_o any_o man_n be_v hinder_v from_o fish_v or_o navigation_n by_o sea_n he_o shall_v not_o have_v a_o interdict_v nor_o he_o likewise_o who_o may_v he_o restrain_v from_o play_v in_o the_o common_a field_n or_o from_o wash_v in_o a_o public_a bath_n or_o from_o be_v a_o spectator_n in_o a_o theatre_n but_o in_o all_o these_o case_n he_o must_v use_v a_o action_n of_o trespass_n therefore_o a_o prohibitorie_n interdict_v or_o decree_n be_v to_o be_v use_v when_o dam_n be_v cast_v into_o the_o sea_n no_o otherwise_o then_o when_o damage_n be_v do_v to_o a_o theatre_n bath_n court_n or_o any_o public_a place_n whatsoëver_o to_o these_o thing_n which_o manifest_o belong_v to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n and_o be_v not_o common_a to_o all_o man_n be_v the_o sea_n every_o way_n compare_v even_o by_o ulpian_n himself_o there_o be_v also_o the_o same_o account_n make_v of_o the_o shore_n and_o sea_n rer._n by_o those_o that_o speak_v for_o a_o community_n of_o the_o sea_n nor_o be_v they_o say_v to_o be_v less_o common_a by_o 7._o some_o who_o treat_v of_o they_o apart_o as_o by_o neratius_n and_o ulpianus_n but_o loco_fw-la celsus_n say_v i_o think_v those_o shore_n do_v belong_v to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n over_o which_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n have_v dominion_n but_o that_o which_o follow_v we_o there_o that_o the_o use_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v common_a to_o all_o as_o the_o aër_fw-la and_o that_o the_o pile_n cast_v into_o it_o belong_v to_o he_o that_o cast_v they_o be_v plain_o qualify_v and_o manifest_o restrain_v to_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n in_o the_o word_n immediate_o follow_v where_o celsus_n say_v that_o be_v not_o to_o be_v grant_v in_o case_n the_o use_n of_o the_o shore_n or_o sea_n may_v by_o that_o mean_n become_v the_o worse_a certain_o if_o the_o former_a word_n be_v mean_v of_o such_o a_o community_n or_o enjoyment_n common_a to_o all_o man_n as_o will_v not_o in_o any_o wise_a permit_v the_o dominion_n or_o propriety_n of_o a_o particular_a person_n what_o mean_n that_n then_o that_o the_o use_n may_v become_v the_o worse_a for_o if_o a_o place_n shall_v become_v the_o propriety_n of_o he_o that_o do_v possess_v it_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o that_o which_o have_v before_o be_v possess_v by_o no_o man_n and_o no_o regard_n shall_v be_v have_v here_o of_o the_o dominion_n or_o right_n of_o another_o than_o it_o will_v be_v no_o less_o lawful_a for_o he_o that_o shall_v possess_v it_o to_o make_v the_o use_n thereof_o the_o worse_a to_o other_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o himself_o then_o for_o he_o that_o shall_v settle_v in_o a_o field_n that_o never_o be_v seize_v yet_o in_o the_o possession_n of_o any_o therefore_o celsus_n will_v have_v the_o shore_n and_o sea_n so_o to_o belong_v to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n that_o the_o condition_n of_o they_o as_o serve_v the_o use_n of_o all_o private_a person_n and_o that_o as_o have_v be_v say_v according_a to_o the_o roman_n civil_a law_n and_o such_o qualification_n as_o be_v add_v out_o of_o the_o edict_n of_o the_o praetor_n and_o the_o like_a can_v not_o without_o injury_n be_v make_v worse_a to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o commonweal_n of_o the_o same_o mind_n be_v scevola_n publico_fw-la that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n man_n may_v build_v upon_o the_o shore_n if_o the_o public_a concernment_n do_v not_o hinder_v and_o aristo_n divisione_n quod_fw-la mari_n occupatum_fw-la est_fw-la fit_a publicum_fw-la that_o which_o be_v possess_v in_o the_o sea_n becom'_v public_a it_o pass_v into_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n for_o so_o the_o word_n publicum_fw-la public_a do_v signify_v which_o the_o greek_a lawyer_n term_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o that_o which_o belong_v to_o the_o people_n not_o equal_o common_a to_o all_o man_n by_o who_o also_o the_o sea_n itself_o be_v 〈◊〉_d in_o that_o since_o call_v public_a other_o instance_n there_o be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n whereby_o it_o be_v make_v manifest_a as_o well_o out_o of_o the_o determination_n of_o lawyer_n as_o the_o transcript_n of_o league_n and_o treaty_n and_o the_o writing_n of_o historian_n orator_n and_o poet_n that_o a_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v in_o use_n among_o the_o roman_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o land_n the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o it_o belong_v to_o private_a person_n under_o the_o roman_a empire_n together_o with_o that_o sanction_n establish_v in_o the_o eastern_a empire_n whereby_o the_o perpetual_a community_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v pretend_v to_o by_o some_o be_v utter_o abolish_v as_o a_o thing_n unjust_a the_o dominion_n even_o of_o private_a person_n therein_o be_v assert_v chap._n xv._o what_o have_v be_v deliver_v in_o the_o foregoing_a chapter_n touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n have_v relation_n to_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o roman_a people_n that_o be_v to_o say_v to_o the_o public_a patrimony_n of_o the_o state_n wherein_o a_o private_a dominion_n be_v prove_v no_o less_o then_o in_o that_o of_o particular_a person_n moreover_o there_o be_v to_o be_v find_v among_o the_o roman_a custom_n very_o ample_a testimony_n to_o prove_v that_o a_o propriety_n in_o the_o sea_n have_v be_v instate_v also_o on_o particular_a man_n such_o to_o who_o either_o the_o people_n or_o emperor_n of_o rome_n according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o roman_n demise_v rent_a or_o make_v a_o grant_n of_o any_o part_n of_o their_o sea_n within_o the_o empire_n the_o rich_a and_o more_o magnificent_a sort_n