any great Tide or current or wind especially in deep water after the Cabell is run-out a convenient way We take a turne which is about the Bitts that we may by little and little veere it out at ease for otherwise if a stopper should chance to faile the Cabell would run all-out or as the phrase is End for End now this turne of the Cabell is called a Bitter and when the Ship is by this meanes stopped we say the Ship is brought up to a Bitter A Bitter-end Is that end of the Cabell which is used to be within boord still at the Bitts when the Ship rides at an Anchor so that upon occasion when they would have that end bent to the Anchor they say Bend to the Bitter-end The Bitts Are the two maine square peeces of Timber which stand piller-wise commonly placed abast the Manger in the Loofe of the Ship and for no other use but to make fast or as it were to Belage the Cabell unto when we ride at an Anchor The lower part of them is fastned in holde to the Riders but the middle part doth beare for their better strength and are bolted in great Ships to two beames which crosse to the Bowes of the Ship and therefore sometimes in extraordinary stormes we are faine to make fast the Cabell to the Maine-mast for the better relieving the Bitts and safetie of the Bowes which have in great Road-steads been violently torne from the after-part of the Ship Blocks Are these small wooden things having Sheevers in them wherein all the running-Roapes doe run There are divers kinds of blocks as single Blocks double blocks Blocks with 3,4 or 5 sheevers in them and they are called by the names of Roapes whereunto they serve As the sheate Block the tack-Block the fish-Block c. Note that double-Blocks doe purchase more then single-blocks and therefore in all places where we have occasion to use strength with few hands we have double-Blocks as to the Tacks of our Ordnance But you must note also that though double-blocks purchase with more ease yet single-blocks doe purchase faster When we hale upon any Tackle Halliards or the like to which two Blocks doe belong when they meet and touch we can haile no more and this we call Block and Block Blowe Every man knowes when the wind blowes but there are some speeches used at Sea which are not generally understood as the wind blowes-home or blowes through That is when the wind doth not cease or grow lesse till it comes past that place Also blow through is sometimes used when they think the wind will be so great that it will blow asunder the sayles In some places as I have seene at Santa Cray in Barbarie the wind being right-off the Sea and a fresh gale as much as we could beare out top-sayles when we came within lesse then a League of the Roade we had little or no wind at all and it is infallibly ever so The naturall cause whereof I could never find out for it cannot be the height of the land since all that Bay is low land only the Cape which is not very high and we know that at the Peekes of Tenneriff and Fyall which are the highest Lands in all the world it doth the contrary Nor can it be the heate of the Land which should duller the wind for this happens there in the winter also and besides we see the contrary in hotter Countries when a wind increases so much that they cannot beare any top-sayles then they use to say that they were blowne into their courses that is could only have out those sayles It blowes hard fresh stiffe high all words easily known when they expresse an extraordinary wind they say it will blow the sayle out of the Bolt-roapes If the touch-hole of a Peece be gulld much powder will flame out and that is also called blowing Bluff or Bluff-headed The Boate belonging to a Ship is either called the Ships-boate or the Long-boate and this is ever intended to be able to carry-forth and waigh her sheate Anchor other small Boats which they carry for lightnesse to hoyse in and out quickly are called Skiffes and Shallops according to their forme A good long boate will live in any growne sea if the water be sometimes freed unlesse the sea breake very much The Roape by which it is towed at the Ships sterne is called the Boate roape to which to keepe the boate from sheering we adde an other which we call a Gest-roape we doe also to save the Bowes of the boate which would be torne out with the twitches which the Ship under sayle would give use to swite her that is make fast a Roape round by the gun-wale and to that make fast the Boate roape Free the Boate that is fling out the water Man the Boate that is some men goe to rowe the Boate The Boates Ging that is those that use to rowe in the boate which are the Cockson and his Ging to whom the charge of the boate belongs Fend the boat that is save her from beating against the Ship-sides Wind the Boate that is bring her head the other way A bolde Boat that is one that will indure a rough Sea well A ships Boate is the very Modell of a Ship and is built in parts in all things answerable to those which a Ship requires both for sayling and bearing a sayle and they beare the same names as doe all the parts of a Ship under water as Rake Run Stem Sterne Bowe Bildge c. Bolt or Bolts Are iron pinnes belonging both to the building and rigging of a Ship of which there are divers kinds as Ring-bolts which are of infinite necessary use both for the bringing to of the planckes and wales to the ship as also the chiefe things whereunto we fasten the tackles and breetchings of the great Ordnance Drive-bolts which is a long one to drive out an other bolt or Treenell by Set-bolts used in the building for fireing the planckes and other works close together Ragg-bolts which are sharpned at one end and jagged that they may not be drawn-out Clench-bolts which are clinched with a Riviting hammer to prevent drawing out Fore lock-bolts which are made at the end with an eye whereunto a fore-lock of iron is driven over a Ring to keep it fast from starting-back Fender-bolts which are made with a long head and beate into the outward most bend of the Ship to save the ship sides if an other ship should lye a-boord her Bolts are many times called according to the places whereunto they are used as chaine-bolts bolts for Carriages and the like The use of them is so great that without them a ship cannot be built strong for they bind together all the timbers knees and the like which doe strengthen the Ship A Bolt-roape Is the Roape into which the Saile is soawed or made fast that is a three-strained-roape made gentle and not twisted so hard as the others of
they had not the knowledge and use of this Roape It is fastned in 2 3 4 or more parts to the saile which they call the bowling bridle only the Missen bowling is fastned to the lower end of the yard This Roape belongs to all sailes excepting sprit-saile and sprit-saile top-saile which have no place to haile a Bowleing forward by and therefore these sailes cannot be used close by a wind Sharpe the maine-bowleing Set taught the bowleing hale up the bowleing all these are to make it puld-up hard or more properly be haled more forward on East the bowleing check or conie up the bowling that is let it more slacke A Bower Is any Anchor which Ships doe usually carry at the bowe and from thence hath its name for our greatest Anchor we carry in holde and for better stowage sometimes unstock them Bowes or to Bowse Is a word they use when they would have men pull together and is chiefely used by the Gunners when they haile upon their tackles to thrust a Peece out of a port they will cry bowse hoa that is pull more upon the tackle and then they know to pull altogether And also when there is occasion to pull more upon tackle then the other they will say Bowse upon the tackle Bracketts Are certaine little peeces in the nature of knees which belong to the supporting of galleries or ship-heads Brases These Ropes doe belong to all the yards excepting the Missen-yard they have a pendant which is seased to the yard-armes for to every yard belongs two Brases and at the end of a pendant a block is seased through which the Roape is reeved which they call the Brase The use whereof is to square the yards and travers the yards Brase the yard to right that is to make it to stand just crosse the ship To make right Angles with the length of the ship all the brases doe come afterward-on-as the maine brase-to the Poope the maine-top-saile Brase to the missen-top-and so to the main shrowds The fort-and-fore-top-sayle brases downe by the maine-and maine-top-sayle-stages and so of the rest The Missen bowling doth serve for a brase to the yard but the crosse-jack brases are brought forwards to the maine-shrowdes when we goe close by a wind Brayles Are small-Roapes reeved through blocks which are seased on either side the ties some small distance off upon the yards and so come-downe before the sayle and are fastned to the Creengleyes at the skirt of the sayle The use whereof is to haile-up the bunt of the sayle when we doe farthell our sayles a-crosse which are in this commodious for a man of war that he may instantly make up his sayles and let them fall if in fight he should fall a sterne for note that in fight we desire to use as few sayles as we can both for the trouble in trimming them for saving our sayles for hiding our sight and for avoiding of fire which might light in them and therefore when we say we will ship our selves into our fighting sailes it is meant we have only the missen maine-top-sayle with which sayles a ship will work every way These brailes doe only belong to the two courses and to the Missen Haile up the brayses and braise up the sayle is all one when Marchant-men will seeme to brave a man of war if he chase them they will brayle up their sayles which is as much as to make a signe they will fight with them Breetch and Breetching The Breetch is the after-most part of the Gunne from the touch-hole which is in brasse Ordnance ever allowed to be as thicke as the diameter of the Bullet and those Roapes which are bigger then the tackles that doe make or lash fast the Ordnance to the ship-sides being brought about the breetch of the Peece are called Breetchings these we do not use in fight but at sea and chiefely in foule weather A Breize Is a wind which blowes out of the sea and doth daily in all seasonable weather keep his course beginning likely about nine in the morning and lasting til it be within little of night we do not commonly call al winds that blow off the sea upon any coasts Breizes unlesse it be there where this course is certaine or rarely misses but in stormes and fowle weather As for example here on our coast the winds are never extreame but on the coast of Barbery and other places more southerly they are certaine to have the wind off the land all night and off the sea all day This Breize is also called a sea turne A Brest-fast Is a Roape which is fastned to some part of the ship fore-ward-on and so doth hold fast the ships head to a wharffe or any thing else and a sterne fast is the same for the sterne Brest Roapes Are the Roapes which make fast the parcell to the yard Brooming Is when a snip is brought a-ground or on the careene to be trimmed that is to be made cleane they burne off the old weeds or stuffe which hath gathered filth which they usually doe either with Reed Broome old Roapes or the like A Budge-Barrell Is a little barrell not altogether so big as a barrell which holds an hundred waight of powder and hath a purse of leather made at the head of it which is to shut over the powder to keep it from firing we use to lay Ordnance with this in harbour for healthes and the like but at sea in fight not if we can get cathrages which is the safest way There are also latten budge-barrels which are the best Bulke The Bulk of a ship is her whole content in hould as to say she is a ship of a great bulke that is will stowe much goods sometimes it is taken for the Merchants goods as when they say let our stock goe in bulk together To breake bulke is as much as to say to open the houlde or sell or part all the goods in the houlde As the Indies ships may sell any goods which they have betwixt the decks but they must not breake bulke till they have order from the Company that is they must not open the howld to meddle with any merchandize therein contained Bulk-head Is generally any division which is made crosse the ship with boords whereby one roome is divided from the other as the Bulk-head of the cabbin the bulke-head of the halfe deck the bulke-head of the bread roome gun toome or the like Bunt The Bunt of a saile is as it were in comparison to the wind the cod of the net which receives all the fish and may as well be called the bag of the saile and therefore we give a bunt to all sailes to the intent they may receive much wind in which is the Anima sensitiva of a ship if a saile have too much bunt it will hang too much to Lee-ward-wind and as they call it hold much lee-ward-wind which will hinder the ships sayling especially by the wind if it have
drive with the tide the reason of useing these sailes is to flat her about if she come too neere the shore also they use a small Anchor in the head of the boate with a hawser that comes from the Ship which Anchor they let fall in the middle of the streame If the ship come too neere the shore and so wind her head about by that and so lift up the Anchor againe when she is about from this use the Anchor is called a Kedger or Kedge-Anchor The Keele Is the first timber which is laid of a Ship and is the bases whereon all the rest are fastned and so much is to be accounted the Keele as doth lie in a straight line at the one end whereof is scarffed in the Stem and at the other is let in the stern-post to this are all the ground timbers and hookes fore and aft bolted and on them all the upper-works are raised A ranck Keele is when a ship hath a deep Keele and this is good to keep a Ship from rowleing for if a floaty ship rowle too much that hath but a showle-Keele we put to an other Keele under the first to make it deeper for that will take some more hold in the water and this we call a false Keele The Keele-roape Is a roape which runs alongst the Ship upon the Keele within the Limbers of the ground-timbers one end comming-out out before the other abast some will have this of a basse-roape but the best is a haire roape for lasting The use of it is to cleere the Limber-holes when they are stocked with ballast or any thing else so as the water which lies betwixt the timbers cannot come to the well of the Pump Keel-son Is the lowest peece of timber within the Ships howld which lies all along upon the ground-timbers right over the Keele through which are driven the bolts which doe fasten the Keelson ground-timbers and the Keele together A Ketch Is a small-boate such as uses to come to Belinsgate with Mackrell Oisters c. Kewells Are small peeces of Timber nailed to the inside of the Ship unto which we be-lay the sheates and tacks Keenke When a roape which should run smooth in the block hath got a little turne so as it comes double as it were this we call a Keenke also the same is in a Cabell if it run-out-doubling in like manner which happens either by ill quileing of the Cabell or by letting it run out too fast but if it be perceived it is remedied by over-setting the Cabell else the Cabell very much in that place A Knave-line Is a roape the one end fastned to the Cres-trees under the maine or fore-top and so comes downe by the ties to the Ram-head unto which there is seased a small peece of biller some two foote long with a hole in the end of it in which hole this line is reeved and so brought to the ships-side and haled up-taught to the railes The use whereof is to keep the ties and halliards from turning about one an other which being new they would ibe were it not for this line but after the halliards and ties are stretched a while it is taken away and no more used but on the like occasion Knees Are those crooked timbers which are so called in respect they represent a mans knee bowing these doe bind the beames and the futtocks together being bolted into both of them some doe stand alongst ships and some right up and downe you may eafily know them in part where they are used by the forme of them Kneetles Are two roape yarnes twisted together in a knot at each end to sease a roape or block or the like The Knights There is the maine-Knight and the fore-Knight one standing aft the maine the other abast the fore-mast upon the second Deck being fast bolted to the beames A Knight is a peece of timber wherein are foure sheevers three for the halliards and one for the top-roape to run in when they are hoysed they are commonly carved with the picture of some head upon them by which they are easily knowne Knittlidge Vide Ballast for it is all one Knotts There are two sorts of Knotts which are used at sea the one is a Bowling Knot which is so made that it will not slip norslide with this knot the bowling bridles are made-fast to the Creengles but it is also used in any other wayes The other is a wale Knot which is a round knot or knobb made with three strands of a roape so that it cannot slip The tacks top-saile-sheates and stoppers have these wale-knots and many other roapes L To LAbour We say a Ship labours in the sea when she rowles and tumbles very much either a Hull or under saile or at an Anchor A ship rowles most a-hull when it hath been a growne storme and suddenly the wind ceases but the seas continue still then she will rowle for want of wind under-saile a ship rowles most right before a-wind but beares most upon a-head sea so that some ships are most dangerous to put a-fore the fea in a great storme and weake Ships dangerous to beate against the head-sea at an Anchor Ships rowle and labour most when they lie betwixt wind and tide which is upon the turning of the tide when the wind and the tide are contrary and neither hath got power to make her straine her Cabels to ride with her head either to the wind or tide Ladder There are three usuall Ladders belonging to a Ship the entring Ladder in the waste a ladder of roapes which hangs out of the gallery for foule-weather and at sea to come out of the boate or goe into it and one at the beak-head which is made fast over the bolt-sprit to get up upon the bolt sprit by The Venetians and most Leavent Ships and also Spanish Gallioons have Ladders which goe into the top and come downe abast the ties for they seldo me goe up by the shrowdes To Lade Is to fill the Ship with goods or provision for when the Howld is full they say she hath her ladeing Also to charge a peece of Ordnance is to Lade the Ordnance also some say Lade the water out of the boate A Ladle Is that wherwith we put the powder into a peece of Ordnance when we take the powder out of a Budge-barrell we never use that in fight unlesse we have spent all our Carthrages for they are both troublesome and not so speedy and dangerous for scattering of powder Land-fall Is as much as the falling with the Land as thus If we say we shall see Land such a day and that it fall out so just according to our reconing we say we have a good Land-fall or if we be mistaken then we made a bad Land-fall Land-locked When we are in any Roade or Harbour so that the Land lies round about us and the sea lies not any point open upon us we say we ride Land-locked these are very good Roads
and Harbours for no sea can come in to wrong the Ship Land-to By this is meant just so far off at sea as we can see the Land as when we direct one to lie off at fea in the hight of a Capeland-to that is so neere and so far off as he may even just see and discerne the land and no neerer A Land-turne Is the same off the Land that a Breize is off the sea only differing that the Land-turne comes by night and by sea-turne or Breize by day Vide Breize A Langrell Is a loose-shot which goes in with a shackle to be shortned when it is put into the Peece and to flie out at length when it is discharged with a halfe bullet either of Lead or Iron at the either end This is good shot neere hand to use out of our Ordnance to cut downe Masts Yards Roapes and Sailes and also it will doe much execution among the men aloft but it is not used betwixt wind and water for it will not pierce a good Ships-sides Laniers Are the small roapes which are reeved in the dead-men-eyes of all the shrowdes and chames and the use of them is either to slacken or to set-taught the shrowdes also all the stayes belonging to any Masts whether they have Blocks or Dead-men-eyes belonging to them are set taught by a Lannier also the small roape which makes fast the stopper of the halliards to the halliards is called a Lannier Large When a Ship goes neither by a-wind nor before a wind but as it were betwixt both that is quartering and such a wind that carries her so we call a large-wind To Lase or Lasing Is the proper terme for putting-to the Bonnet to the Course or the Drabler to the Bonner as Lase on the Bonnet Also we say Lase on the Netting to the Roose-trees or the Wast-trees To Lash or Lashers When we bind any thing up to the Ships sides or Masts as Pikes Muskers or a Butt to the Mast or the like as fishes and spare top-Masts without-boord we call it lashing to but the Lashers chiefely are those roapes which doe bind-fast together the rackles and breechings of the great Ordnance when they are haled within-boord The reason is because the breechings cannot be haâ—edup taught by hand therefore this roape is brought about the breeching and tackles a little before the carriage right under the Peece and so lashes them fast together Lasking Note that when we say a Ship goes Lasking Veering Quarter-winds Large and Roomer it is in a manner all one for then they neither goe by a wind nor before Latchets Are small lines which are sowne into the Bonnets and Drabler like loopes wherewith they lase the Bonnet to the Cowrse or the Drabler to the Bonnet putting them into the Eylot-holes and so lafeing them one over an other Launch This word is used instead of put-out as we say Launch a Ship out of a Dock or out of the Key Launch the boate launch-out or launch in the Davit Launch-out the Capstaine barrs Also in an other sence when they have hoysed-up a yard high enough or the top Mast they cry Launch-hoâ that is hoyse no more Also in stowing the howld they will say Launch aft or launch fore-ward when they would have a Butt or the like brought fore-ward or aft-ward-on also when they are pumping if the Pump sucks then they cry Launch-hoa that is pump no more To Lay a Land When we are sailed out of sight of a Land so that we cannot see it we say that we have layed the line but if it be so that some other point of Land doe hinder us from seeing it then we say that we have shut in or shut it into the other point A Leake There is no Ship so tight but that with her labouring in the sea nay though she ride in Harbour she will make some water but we say a ship is Leake when she makes more water then is ordinary which is some hundred stroakes in 24. or 48. howres The causes of Leakes are either the starting some Treevells the opening of the Seames the eating of the Wormes or else by receiving some shot under water The wayes of stopping are but two either within-boord which can hardly be if the Leake be low amongst the ground-timbers or the hookes but then the best remedy is to drive downe Tallow and Coales mingled together raw-Beefe Oatmeale-baggs or the like if it can be come at then it is easily stopped with Lead if it be a shot they drive-in a Plug with some Canvas about it The other is without-boord when it is easily stopped if it be not too low by heeling the Ship over on the other side and so nailing lead over it but if it be low then to stirch a Bonnet or a Netting which is better with long roape-yarnes opened and so sucking it under the Keele to bring it against the Leake the in-drought of the water will suck in the Ockham and so stop her selfe but this will not continue long when a Ship is Leake the terme is she hath sprung a Leake or she makes much water Ledges Are those small peeces of timber which come thwart ships from the Wast-trees to the Roofe-trees to beare up the Nettings or so if there be a grating over the halfe-Deck Lee. This word is many wayes used but generally the Lee is understood for that which is opposite to the wind The Lee-shore that is the shore against which the wind blowes yet to be under the Lee of the shore is to be close under the weather-shore that is whence the wind doth come a-lee the helme that is put the helme to the leefide of the ship In conding they use to call him at helme to have a care of the Lee-latch that is to looke that the ship goe not to lee-ward of her course a Lee-ward ship is one that is not fast by a-wind and doth not make her way so good as she might To come by the Lee or to lay a ship by the Lee is to bring her so that all her sailes may lie against the Masts and shrowds flat and the wind to come right on her bread-side so that the ship will lie as it were starke still or if she make any way it will be with her broad-side right with the beame The manner of bringing a ship by the Lee if she have all her sailes a-boord is to beare up the helme hard to wind-ward Let rise the fore-rack and veere-out the maine-sheate and take in the Missen or peake it up which is called Spelling the Missen The Lee-fange Is a roape which is reeved into the Creengles of the Courses when we would hale-in the bottom of the saile to lase on the Bonnet in a strong gale they serve also to helpe to take in the saile The Leetch The Leetch of a saile is the outward side or skirt of the saile from the earing to the clew the midle betwixt which is especially to be
Deck the third Deck the halfe and quarter Deck where on the beames and timbers of these Decks doe beare at both ends by the ship-sides but those thick plancks which in the like sort doe beare up the lower Deck are called Lamps Rising-timbers Are the hookes placed on the Keele which beare this vaine in respect that according to the riseing by little and little of these hookes so the Rake and Run of the ship doth rise by little and little from her flat-floare A Roade Is any place where a ship may ride neare the Land and yet cannot ride-land-locked for all winds A good Roade is where there is good ground for Anchor-hold showle-water and so as how ere the wind-blow there can no great sea-gate come-in being the Land may be in the wind on one side and some sands Rocks or the like to breake of the sea on the other Also we say if it be a place as in divers places of Barbery and others where the sea will give a man warning that is the sea will come swelling-in before the wind as at Saint Saphe of any fowle weather so that a man may have time to set-saile and goe to some other Roade on the other side of the Bay-head-land or the like this we call shifting of Roades A wild Roade is a Roade where there is little Land on any side but lies all open to the sea as to ride upon a head-head-land or alongst a shore where there is no Bay nor any thing to breake off the sea or wind if it come off the sea A bad Roade is the contrary to the good A Roader We call any ship that Rides at an Anchor in a Roade a Roader Roapes Generally all the cordage belonging to a ship is called by the name of Roape as we say a Cabell is a good or bad Roape according as it is and so a Hawser or the like but more particularly only some which besides their particular appellations have the generall word Roape added to them These are an Entring Roape a Top Roape a Bolt Roape a Buoy Roape a Quest Roape a Keele Roape a Bucket Roape a Rudder Roape a Preventure Roape which is a little Roape seased crosse over the Ties close at the Ram-head that if one part of the Ties should breake the other should not run through the Ram-head to endanger the yard a brest roape and is the Roape which latches the Parrell to the Mast Roape-Yarnes Are the yarnes of any roapes untwisted but most commonly it is made of the ends of Cabels halfe worne or so they serve for many uses to serve small Roapes with or to make Synnet Masts or the like also Kneetles which is two untwisted together and Caburnes They serve also to wake-up the yard-aymes of the sailes and therefore still when we take in our sailes the boyes of the ship are to attend the Saylor with these Roape-yarnes to furnish them as they have occasion to use them Robins Are little lines reeved into the Eylot-holes of the saile under the Head-Roape and sure to make fast the saile unto the yard and the terme is make fast the Robbins and not tie them and note that Sea faring men use the word make-fast instead of tying as Land-men use to say tie a Roape Roofe-trees Are those timbers which are made of light wood as of mast sawen that goe from the halfe Deck to the fore-Castell and are to beare-up the grateings and the ledges wherein the Nettings lye these are supported under the stamshions which rest upon the Deck Also if they have occasion to use any such peece over the half-Deck for Nettings or sailes it is called a Roofe tree Rove and Clinch The Rove is that little iron plate unto which the Clinch-nailes are clinched The Planckes of Clincher-boates are thus fastned so together which kind of work is called Rove and Clinch The Round-house Is the uppermost Roome of the sterne of the ship and that which commonly is the Masters Cabbin Rownd-in This is a terme used to the maine and fore-saile when the wind larges upon them they let rise the maine Tack or fore-Tack and hale aft the fore-sheate to the Cat-head and the maine sheare to the Cabridge head this they call Rounding aft or rounding in the saile the sheates being there they hale them downe to keep them steddy from flying up with a Roape called a Passaredo The Rowle Is that round peece of wood or iron wherein the whip doth goe and is made to turne about that it may carry over the whip from side to side with more ease Rowse-in Is a word they use particularly whenas a Cabell or Hawser doth lie slack in the water and they would have it made taught as when a ship rides but by one Anchor upon the turning of the tide the Cabell will be slack and so will be in danger to flow above the Anchor then to keep it stiffe and taught they will haile in so much as lies slack and this they call Rowseing in the Cabell or Rowse in the Hawser but it is not used in the haleing in of any other Roape as boate-roape or the like The Rudder Is that peece of timber which hangs at the sterne-post of the ship having foure or five or six irons which are called Pintels according to the bignesse of the ship fastned to them which Pintels are fitted for the Gudgins at the sterne post this is the bridle which governes the ship the narrower the Rudder is the better if the ship doe feele it for a broad Rudder doth hold much water if the helme be put over to any side but if the ship have a fat-quarter so that the water cannot come quick and strong to the Rudder then she will require a broade Rudder The putting to of the Rudder is termed the hanging the Rudder The part or edge of the Rudder which is next the sterne-post is called the in-side of the Rudder the after-most part is called the Rake of the Rudder The Rudder Roape Is a Roape or strap which is reeved into one hole of the Rudder neere the head and so likewise through the sterne-post and then both ends are splised together this serves to save the Rudder if it chance to be beaten off when the ship sticks a-ground Rudder-Irons Are the cheekes of that Iron whereof the Pintell is part and these are fastned and nailed round about the Rake of the Rudder To Rumidge Is to remove any goods or luggage out of a place betwixt the Decks or any wheeles but most commonly we use this word to the removing and cleering of things in the ships hould so that goods or victuals may be well stowed and placed so when they would have this done they say they will goe Ruming the howld The Run Is that part of the ships hull under-water which comes thinner and lancker away by degrees from the floare-timber all along to the sterne-post That is also called the ships way aft-ward-on for as she hath
Longitude where you suppose the Ship to be and so still keeping account of the daies you shall still see how neere or farre off you are from the place which you saile to A Point The shatpnesse to any head-head-Land is called the point of the Land when they say that two points are one in another that is they are so just in a right line from us one betwixt the other that we cannot see the one for the other Also the Compasse is divided into 32. points representing 32. winds so that we call sailing by the Compasse sailing upon a point They use also to undoe the Stroud at the end of a Cabell some 2. foot long and so make Synnet of the Roape-Yarne and lay them one over another againe making it lesse towards the end and so at the end make them all fast with a peece of Marling or the like This is called pointing the Gabell The use where of is to keepe the Cabell from farsling but chiefly to see that none of the end be stolne off and cut away The Poope The Poope of the Ship is the upper most part â—…terne of the Ships-Hull and is the Deck over that which is commonly the Masters Cabbin A Port. Is that place out of which the Ordnance are put through the Ships-sides and these are to be made so large that the Ordnance may have leave to Travers as much Bowing and Quartering as may be about 30. Inches is the ordinary rate for a Demi-Cuiverin To Port. Is a word used in Conding the Ship when she is right before a wind or if the weather-sheate be aft as farre as the Bulk head which is more then Quarter windes but not right afore they will use the word steddy a-Port or Steddy a Star-boord the Ship heeles to Port bring things neere to port or the like termes easily understood Pouches Are small Bulk-heads made in howlde either Thwart-Ships or longst Ships Those who carry Corne or any such goods that will shoote over from one side to the other doe make many bulke-heads or severall Roomes as it were to keepe it up and these are called Pouches also when we Careen Ships there are small bulk-heades made some distance from the Keeleson on either side in the holde which serve to keep up the Ballast when we shirte it either for the righting or bringing downe of the Ship when she is on the Carreen and these are also called Pouches Powdor There are two sorts of Powder the one serpentine Powder which powder is dust as it were without Corning and this we never use at sea in Ordnance not small short both because it is of small force and also for that it will with the aire of the Sea quickly drie and loose its force The other is Corne Powder whereof there are two sorts Common powder which is a great Corne and not very strong the other Musket-Powder which is the finest strongest and best we can get The Ingredients which make the powder are first Salt-peeter wherein the force of the Powder consists next Brimstone which is apt to flame and once flamed causeth the Salt-peeter to flame last Cole which is apt with any sparkle to kindle but not to flame yet doth maintaine the flame of the other two The best Salt-peeter is that which hath no fat the best brimstone without drosse and the best Cole that which is made of the lightest wood I only touch some chiefe things of this because there are divers bookes concerning maine Conclusions touching the effect of powders in all kindes The Powder-roome Is that Roome in howld where we lay the Powder the great 〈◊〉 in placing this Roome must be to have it farthest from the use of any fire and freest from the danger of short Proddy Is a word used amongst them in the stead of Ready As when we come to sight the Commander bids them make the Ship Preddy make the Ordnance Preddy that is make them ready for to use in sight A Proddy Ship that is when her Deckes are all cleere and the Ordnance and all things fitted for sight Also make the howld Preddy is to lay any things out of the way so as that they may stowe the good in commodiously A Preventure Roape Vide Roape A Proviso Vide Mooreing The Prowe Is the fore-most part of the Ship considered aloft and not below betweene the Decks or in howld to enter into the Prowe is to enter into the Fore-Castle The Prowe peeces are those which lye aloft before Goe fore-ward into the Prowe that is Goe into the fore-Castle before the fore-Mast and it is most truly understood for that part which is betwixt the Chase and the Loofe Priming Is so fitting and filling the touch-holes with fine-day Powder and putting in a Priming Iron to pierce the Carthrage so that that powder being fired the powder in the Carthrage may like-wise fire to for if the powder in the touch-hole be fired and the rest within the peece goe not off we say she was not Primed or not well primed for this there is powder made very small and extraordinary drie and the Gunner hath it in a great home at his Girdle in fight which horne he cals his Priming-horne Also the first ground or Colour which is laid-on for others to come over it in painting the Ship is called Priming Puddings Are Roates nayled round to the yard-armes of the Maine and fore-yards close to the end and so in â— or 4. or more distance one from another upon each yard-Arme The use of them is to save the Robbins from Galling asunder upon the yards when we hale-home the Top-saile-sheats Also the Sarving of the King of the Anchor which Roapes to save the Clinth of the Cabell from galling against the Iron is called the Pudding of the Anchor Pullies Are small Blockes with one or two sheevers in them and may either be so called or by the name of small Bleckes for great blocks are not usually called by the name of Pullies as the Pullies of the Top-â—aile Brases Clew Lines Manners c. Pumps There are three sorts of Pumps used in ships The first and most common are ordinary Pumps such as are used a shore and thâ—se doe stand by the maine Mast the next is a But-Pump which is not used in English Ships but Flemmings have them in the sides of their ships and are called by the name of Bildge Pumps because they have broad long floates that doe hold much Bildge-water The manner of these is to have a staffe some 6. or 7. foot long at the end whereof is a Bur of wood whereto the Leather is nailed and this doth serve in stead of the box and so two men standing right over the Pump doe thrust downe this staffe to the middest whereof is seased a Roape long enough for 6.8 or 10. or more to hale-by and so they pull it up and draw the water this Pump doth deliver more water then the former and is not so laborious to
of it into a hoâ—… are reeved the ties this block doth only belong to the maine and fore-Hilliards A Rammer Is a staffe with a round peece of wood at the end of it the outwardmost being flat somewhat lesse then the bore of the Ordnance to which it doth belong and this is to drive home the Powder close to the breetch of the Peece and so the shot to the powder and the wood to the shot and that is called ramming home the powder or shot Ranges There are two one aloft upon the fore-castell a little abast the fore-mast the other in the beake-head before the wouldings of the bolt-sprit that in the fore-castell is a small peece of timber which goes over from one side to the other and there is fastned to two timbers and on the middle on either side the fore-Mast two knees which are fastned to the Deck and the timber in which run the top-saile-sheates in a Sheever and hath divers wooden pins through it to be-laye Roapes unto as the fore-Takes fore-top-saile-sheates and fore-bowlings the fore-Loofe-hooke and that in the Beake-head is in the same forme whereunto it be-layed the sprit-saile-lifts the Garnet of the prit-saile and other Roapes belonging to the sprit-saile and sprit-saile top-saile Ratling Is a Line wherewith they make the stepps by which we goe up the shrowdes and the Puttocks and so the Top-Mast-shrowdes in great ships and these stepps which make the shrowdes looke like Ladders are called the Ratlings of the Shrowdes A Reache Is the distance of any two Points of Land which beare in a right line to one an other which terme is most commonly used in Rivers as Lime-House-Reache Green-wich-Reach long-Reach and the like the Reach being counted so farre as you can see the Reach to lie in a straight line Also some call the distance and crossing betwixt Cape-verd and the first Iselands entring to the West-Indies long-reach To Reeve This word is used just in the same sense in respect of Roapes that putting in or putting through or passing through would be but they ever use this word Reeve as when we would expresse that the Tack is put through the Ches-trees we say it is reeved through or instead of putting a roape through a block we say Reeve it in that block as the Halliards are reeved in the Knights and Ram-heads and it is generally to be understood and applied to all Roapes that passe through blocks Dead-men-eyes Ches-trees and the like And so when we would have that Roape pulled out of the block c. we say unreeve that Roape or the Brases Lifts Sheetes c. are unreeved Ribbs By a resemblance that the timbers that is the Futtocks of the ships have when the Plancks are off to the ribbs of a dead carkasle we doe in that kind call all those timbers by a generall appellation the ribbs of the ship though otherwise they have particular names As if two ships in a sea-gate lie a-boord one an other and hath broke with her weight some of the others futtock timbers they will say she hath broke some of her ribbs Also those little long wooden peeces which are made with holes like the Combe under the beake-head and doe belong to the Parrells of the yards are called the Ribbs of the Patrells To Ride We say a ship Rides whenas her Anchors doe hold her fast so as that she doth not drive away with the tide or wind for though she sheere from one side to the other yet if her Anchors doe hold fast and come not home we say she Rides To Ride a good Roade that is to Ride where the sea and wind had much power over the ship and straine her Cabels very hard Note a ship rides easiest and with more securitie having but two Cabels splised together which they call a shot then she will by three single Cabels for the length of the shot will give her more scope to play and rise upon the sea with ease for by reason also of the waight the ship can hardly straine it For when a great sea comes to yerk-up the ship the shot is long before it comes to straining that the force of the sea will be past before it can come up to beare so much stresse as a shorter Cabell would doe The deeper the water is the worser it is to Ride and requires much more Cabell in proportion then showler-water the sea will breake more yet it hath not that power and waight which the deep water hath when we Ride any extraordinary roade we strike downe our top-masts and bring our yards alongst ships in much wind especially To ride a crosse is to ride with our maine-yards and fore-yards hoysed up to the hounds and both yard-armes topped a-like To ride a Peeke is to ride with the yards Peeked a-Peeke and also when we ride with the Hawes just over the Anchor then we ride a-Peeke that is when we ride ready to set saile when they would expresse that they have rid a great Roade and stresse they say they rid hawse-fall that is that the water brake into the Hawses To ride thwart is to ride with her side to the tide then she never straines her Cabels To Ride betwixt wind and tide is when the wind and tyde have equall power one one way the other the other way so that the ship lies rowleing with her broad-side in the Trough of the sea and thus she will rowle mightily but not straine her Cabels Riders Are great timbers in howld or else aloft which are not properly belonging to the Bult of the ship but only bolted on upon the other timbers to strengthen them where they find the ship to be weake Marchant-men doe spare them as much as they can because they hinder Stowage of Cask in Howld Rigging The Rigging of the ship are all Roapes which belong either to mast or yards and more particularly we say the mast is rigged the yards are rigged that is when they have all the roapes that belong unto them we say a ship is well rigged when the roapes belonging to her are of a fit size not too big nor too little also when there are no unnecessary roapes put up as to many shrowdes Tackles for the Mast Crow-feet or the like whenas we say a ship is over-rigged it is meant the roapes are too big for her which is a great wronging to the ships saileing for a little waight aloft doth hinder more then a great deale below by making the ship apter to heele and howlding wind-taught for note that the uprighter any ship goes the better she dothsaile for a cranck sided ship can never saile well by the wind To tel the particulars of rigging a ship will require a small discourse by it selfe and would be too long for this therefore I leave it to some other occasion Ring-bolts Vide Bolts The Riseings Are those thick Plancks which goe fore and aft on both sides under the ends of the beames and timbers of the second