integrating part of the Earth 2. Or of some one Region and so it is properly called Chorography 3. Or of some particular place in a Region or Country which is Topography According to the greater integrating parts thereof the Ancients divided the whole Earth into three great parts viz. Europe Asia and Africa to which is now added a fourth viz. America these are again divided into Provinces Countries Kingdoms c. And each of these are again subdivided into Earldoms Baronies Lordships c. These three kind or parts make up the perfect Subject of Geography Again every part and place of the Earth is considered in its self or according to its Adjuncts and so it is either Continent or Island A Continent is a great quantity of Land in which many great Kingdoms and Countries are conjoyned together and not separated one from another by any Sea as Europe Asia c. An Island is a part of the Earth compassed and environed round about with Water as Great Britain and Ireland These again are observable parts both of Continents and Islands viz. Peninsula Isthmus Promontorium Peninsula quasi pene Insula is a part of Land which being almost environed and encompassed round with Water is yet joyned to the firm Land by some little Isthmus as Africa is joyned to Asia or Morea to Greece An Isthmus is a narrow neck of Land betwixt two Seas joyning the Peninsula to the Continent as that of Darien in America or Corinth in Greece A Promontory is a high Hill or Mountain lying out as an elbow of Land into the Sea the utmost end of which is called a Cape as the Cape of Good Hope and Cape Verde The Adjuncts of a place are either such as respect the Earth it self or the Heavens Those that agree to a place in respect of the Earth are three in number viz. the Magnitude or Extent of a Country the Bounds or Limits the Quality The Magnitude comprehends the length and breadth of a place The Bounds of a Country is a Line terminating it round about distinguishing it from the bordering Lands or Waters The Quality of a place is the Natural Temper and Disposition thereof A Place in regard of the Heavens is either East West North or South Those places are properly East which lie in the Eastern Hemisphere terminated by the first Meridian or where the Sun riseth Those are West which lye Westerly of the said Meridian or towards the setting of the Sun. Those places are properly North which lie betwixt the Equator and Artick-Pole Those South which are betwixt the Equator and the Antartick Pole. The Ancients did also distinguish the Inhabitants of the Earth from the diversity of shadows of Bodies into three sorts viz. Periscii Heteroscii and Amphiscii the Inhabitants of the Frigid Zone if any such are were termed Periscii because the shadow of Bodies have there a Circular motion in 24 hours the Sun neither rising nor setting but in a greater portion of time The Inhabitants of the Temperate Zones they called Heteroscii because the Meridian shadows bend towards either Pole towards the North among those that dwell within the Tropick of Cancer and the Artick Circle towards the South amongst those that dwell within the Tropick of Capricorn and the Antartick Circle The Inhabitants of the Torrid Zone they called Amphiscii because the Noon or Mid-day shadow according to the time of Year doth sometimes fall towards the North sometimes towards the South when the Sun is in the Northern Signs it falleth towards the South and towards the North when in the Southern Signs And because of the different site of opposite Habitations the Ancients have divided the Inhabitants of the Earth into Periaeci Antaeci and Antipodes The Periaeci are such as live under the same parallel being equally distant from the Equator but in opposite points of the same parallel The Antaeci are such as have the same Meridian and parallel equally distant from the Equator but the one North and the other South The Antipodes are such as Inhabit two places of the Earth which are Diametrically opposite one to the other The Ancients did also divide the Earth into Climates and Parallels A Climate is a space of Earth comprehended betwixt any two places whose longest day differ in quantity half an hour A Parallel is a space of Earth wherein the days increase in length a quarter of an hour so that every Climate contains two Parallels These Climates and Parallels are not of equal quantity for the first is longer than the second and the second likewise greater than the third c. At the Latitude where the longest days are increased half an hour longer than at the Equator viz. longer than 12 hours The first Climate begins which is at the Latitude of 8 degrees 34 minutes and in the Latitude of 16 degrees 43 minutes where the days are increased an hour longer than at the Equator The second Climate begins and so onwards But because the Ancients and also Ptolomy supposed that part of the Earth which lies under the Equator to be inhabitable therefore they placed the first Climate at the Latitude of 12 degrees 43 minutes where the longest day is 12 hours ¾ long and the second Climate to begin at the Latitude of 20 degrees 34 minutes where the longest day is 13 hours and ¼ long c. 'T is needless indeed to take any more notice of them than thus much only that they that describe the Situation of places by Climes and Parallels had as good say nothing The Terraqueous Globe is but an Imaginary point compared to the vast expansion of the Universe though of it self of great Magnitude for Geographers divide it into 360 parts or degrees and each degree into 60 minutes which are so many Italian Miles so that the Circumference thereof is 21600 miles and the Diameter or Axis is 6875 miles and its Superficies in square miles is Reckoned to amount to 148510584 of the same measure 'T is a common Opinion that 5 of our English feet make a Geometrical pace 1000 of these paces make an Italian mile and 60 of these miles in any great Circle upon the Spherical surface of the Earth or Sea make a degree so that a degree of the Heavens contains upon the surface of the Earth according to this account 60 Italian miles 20 French or Dutch Leagues 15 German miles 17 ½ Spanish Leagues But according to several Experiments made the quantity of a degree is thus variously found to be By Albazard the Arabian 73 by Fernilius 68 by Withrordus 70 by Gassendus 73 by Picard 73 Italian miles and by Norwood 69 ½ English miles which is much as the same of 73 Italian miles and is the nearest measure yet found by these Experiments to answer to a degree of the Heavens so that the circumference of the Earth then is 26280 miles the Diameter 8365 and 184 parts Or supposing 1000 paces or 5000 English Feet to a mile then 73
such miles are exactly equal to a Degree I shall here note that no Country doth in all parts of its Territories make use of the same extent in measuring The Germans have their great little and ordinary miles the Leagues of France and Spain are of different lengths and so are the miles in our own Country The Earth as was said before is encompassed about with the Water which washing and surrounding the dry Land cuts out and shapes so many winding Bays Creeks and meandring Inlets and seems no where so much confined and penned as in the Straits of Magellan from whence again expatiating it spreads its self into two immense and almost boundless Oceans which give Terminaries to the four Regions of the Earth and extending it self round them all is but one continued Ocean The Water is either Ocean Seas Straits Creeks Lakes or Rivers The Ocean is a general Collection or Rendezvouz of all Waters The Sea is a part of the Ocean and is either exterior lying open to the shore as the British or Arabian Seas or interior lying within the Land to which you must pass through some Strait as the Mediterranean or Baltick Seas A Strait is a narrow part or Arm of the Ocean lying betwixt two Shores and opening a way into the Sea as the Straits of Gibralter the Hellespont c. A Creek is a small narrow part of the Sea that goeth up but a little way into the Land otherwise called a Bay a Station or Road for Ships A Lake is that which continually retains and keeps Water in it as the Lakes Nicurgua in America and Zaire in Africa A River is a small Branch of the Sea flowing into the Land courting the Banks whilst they their Arms display to embrace her silver waves Of the Names of the Ocean According to the four Quarters it had four Names From the East it was called the Eastern or Oriental Ocean from the West the Western or Occidental Ocean from the North the Northern or Septentrional and from the South the Southern or Meridional Ocean But besides these more general Names it hath other particular Appellations according to the Countries it boundeth upon and the Nature of the Sea As it lies extended towards the East it is called the Chinean Sea from the adjacent Country of China Towards the South 't is called Oceanus Indicus or the Indian Sea because upon it lies the Indians Where it touches the Coast of Persia it is called Mare Persicum So also Mare Arabicum from Arabia So towards the West is the Ethiopian Sea. Then the Atlantick Ocean from Atlas a Mountain or Promontory in Africa but more Westward near to America it is called by the Spaniards Mar del Nort and on the other side of America it is called Mar del Zur or Mare Pacificum Where it toucheth upon Spain it is called Oceanus Hispanicus by the English the Bay of Biscay The Sea between England and France is called the Channel between England and Ireland the Irish Sea Between England and Holland it is called by some the German or rather the British Ocean Beyond Scotland it is called Mare Caledonium higher towards the North it is called the Hyperborean or Frozen Sea more Eastward upon the Coast of Tartary the Tartarian Sea or Scythian Ocean c. The Names of the Inland Seas are 1. The Baltick Sea by the Dutch called the Oast Zee by the Inhabitants Die Belth lying between Denmark and Sweden the chief Entrance whereof is called the Sound 2. Pontus Euxinus or the Black Sea to which joyns Meâ—tis Palus now Mar de Zabacke The third is the Caspian or Hircanian Sea. The fourth is the Arabian Gulf Mare Erythaeum Mare Rubeum or the Red Sea. The fifth is the Persian Gulf or the Gulf de Elcatif The sixth is Mare Mediterraneum by the English the Straits by the Spaniards Mar de Levant the beginning or entrance of it is called the Straits of Gibralter rather Gibal-Tarif Now that all Places Cities Towns Seas Rivers Lakes c. may be readily found out upon the Globe or Map all Geographers do or should place them according to their Longitude and Latitude the use of which in the absolute sense is to make out the position of any Place in respect of the whole Globe or to shew the Scituation and distance of one place from and in respect of any other Longitude is the distance of a place from the first Meridian reckoned in the degrees of the Equator beginning by some at the Canaries by others at the Azores by reason of which Confusion I have made the Longitudes in this English Geography to begin from London and are reckoned Eastward and Westward according as they are situated from London on the top of the Map. And have also added the Longitude from the Tenerif round about the Globe of the Earth at the bottom of the Map as usually in the Dutch Maps that so you may by inspection only see the Truth or Error if you compare them with the Tables or Maps formerly Extant The Latitude of a place is the distance of the Equator from that place reckoned in the degrees of the great Meridian and is either North or South according as it lies between the North and South-Poles of the Equator EVROPE is divided into these Kingdoms or Estates  Cities Modern Cities Old. Northwards The Isles of Great Britain or England Scotland Wales and Ireland c. London Londinium Edinburgh Alata Castra Welshpool Trillinum Dublin Eblana Scandinavia contains the Kingdoms of Denmark Norway Sweden Copenhagen Haphnia Berghen Bergae Stockholm Holmia The several Kingdoms of Russia or Moscovia L'Arcangel Archangelopolis Moskow Moscha The Estates of the Kingdom of Poland Cracow and Cracovia Dantzick Gedanum In the Middle The Northern Estates of Turkie in Europe Tartaria Europa Walachia Moldavia Transilvania Hungaria Caffa Theodosia Tarvis Targoviscum Jassy Jassium Weissemburg Alba Julia Buda Sicambia The Empire of Germany Vienna Ala Flaviana The Estates or Republicks of Switzerland 7Vnited Provinces 10 Spanish Provinc Zurick Tigurium Amsterdam Amsterodamum Antwerpen Andoverpum Kingdom or 12 Gover. of France Paris Lutetia Southwards Kingdoms Principal of Spain Madrid Madritum The Kingdom of Portugal Lisbon Olysippo Estates of the Duke of Savoy c. Chambery Cameriacum Kingdoms and Estates in Italy Rome Roma The Kingdom and Isle of Sicily Messina Messana The Southern Estates of Turkie in Europe Sclavonia Croatia Dalmatia Ragusa Bosnia Servia Bulgaria Romania Zagrab Sisopa Vihitz Vihitza Zara Jadera Ragusa Epidaurus Bosna Serai Jayeza Belgrade Alba Graeca Sophia Sardica Constantinople Byzantium The Estates of Greece Athini Athaenae The Islands of Negropont Candia Sardinia c. Negropont Eubaea Candia Matium Cagliari Calaris Of Europe EVROPE by Robt. Morden EVROPE one of the four great Parts of the World is also the most considerable in Respect of the Beauty of her Kingdoms and Commonwealths the Politeness of her Inhabitants the Excellent Government of her Cities as also in Regard
overflow the Land where they catch plenty of Fish and the mud inriches the Soil It s chief Towns are Schleswyck Slesuicum Heideba teste Crantzio an Episcopal See and Head of the Dukedom Seated on the River Slea which falls into the Baltick Sea where it hath a commodious Haven 2. Husum Seated on the River Eyder Fortified with a Castle 3. Haders-leben Fortified with the Strong Castle Hansberg 4. Flensberg with its commodious and deep Port. Between Flensberg and Sleswick is a Country that goes by the name of Angelen from whence England had its first denomination ever since King Egbert 5. The Port of Christian-pries now Fortified by the Fort Frederick 6. Gortop a trong Fort or Castle the Residence of the Duke of Holstein 7. Frederick-stadt upon the Eyder built by one of the late Dukes intending to have set up a Trade of Silk there to which purpose in the year 1633 he sent a splendid Embassie into Muscovy and Persia whose Travails are described by Olearius Of North-Juitland NOrth-Juitland is divided into four Diocesses Ripen Arthusen Albourg and Wibourg The Diocess of Ripen contains seven Walled Towns and ten Castles its chief places are Ripen an Episcopal Sea Fortified with a Castle 2. Kolding the place where Toll is paid for the Cattel that passes that way 3. Frederick Ode or Frederica lies in a situation of that importance that Charles Gustavus having taken it in the late Wars 1657 opened himself a way to pass his Army over the Ice into all the Neighbouring Islands and to alarum Copenhagen an Action both bold and unheard of for he marched his Cavalry and his Carriages over a great Arm of the Sea where before a single footman was afraid to expose his life The Diocess of Artbusia or Arthusen contains seven Cities and five Castles its chief places are Arthusen a well frequented Port. Kalla a Strong place Horsens and Renderen The Diocess of Aelbourg Aelburgum hath for its chief places Albourg at the mouth of Limford-Bay Nicoping Hirring Wansyssel Thysted and Scagen or the Scaw the northermost part of Juitland The Diocess of Wibourg hath three Castles and three Walled Towns the chief is Wibourg where are the Courts of Judicature for all Juitland The chief Islands belonging to Denmark that lie dispersed in the Baltick See are Zeland Fionia or Funen Alsen Arroe or Aria Langland Laland Falster Mone Huen or Ween-Island and Bornholm Of the Baltick Sea. THIS is the Sinus Codanus of the Ancients otherwise called Sucvicum Mâ—re seu Balticum Die Bâ—lth or Oostzee Belgis La Mar Baltique Gallis Warezkovie More Russis It hath three several passages into it from the Ocean all of them under the command of the King of Denmark the safest and most usual is that famous Strait called the Frâ—tum Sundicum Le Sund Gallis Straet Van Sund. Batavis Oresund Danis The Sound Anglis So great a passage that there often sails 200 sometimes 300 Ships through in one day and is not above four miles over in the narrowest place The second passage or Inlet lies between the Islands of Zeland and Funen and is about 16 miles over and is called Bâ—ltsound or the great Belt. The third passage is between Funen and Jutland not above eight miles over and is called the lesser Belt. Of Zeland ZEland of old Codanonia the greatest Island of the Baltick Seas is situate near the Main Land of Schonen from which 't is separated by a narrow Streight abou four miles over which is called the Sound through which all Ships must pass that have any Trade or Commerce in these Seas and pay a Toll or Imposition to the King according to their bigness or Bills of Lading by which ariseth his greatest Revenue And for the security of this passage there are built two very strong Castles the one in this Isle called Cronenburg the most delightful Seat in the World affording a profitable and pleasant Prospect of all Ships that Sail through the Sound the other in Schonen or Scandia called Elsenburg In the Reign of Queen Elizabeth our Eastland-Fleet was by the King of Denmark threatened to be sunk in case they passed this Sound or Straits of Elsenour yet they made the Adventure having only one Man of War viz. the Minion and kept their course maugre all opposition without any wound received forwards and back again The chief City of this Island is Haphnia Kiobenhaven Danis Koppenhagen Ger. Kopenhaven Belg. Copenhage Gal. Copenhagen Angl. the Met opolis of the whole Kingdom sometime the Residence of the King a University Seated near the Sea with a good Port and safe Road for Ships Fortified with a Strong Castle containing one of the Fairest Arsenals in Europe wherein is a Celestial Globe six foot Diameter Christiern the Fourth having laid the foundation of a New City in the little Island of Armager joyned it to the old by a Bridg and called it by the Name of Christierns Haven so that now it is divided into two parts in the New Town is the Royal Castle the Mint the Exchange and the Arsenal before mentioned This City was taken by Frederick Anno 1522 and in the year 1536 after a years Siege it was surrendred to Christiern the 3d. The Citizens now enjoy the greatest priviledg of any City in Europe Roschildt is the Burying place of the Danish Kings Elsenour is near to the strong Castle and Palace of Cronenberg the Fortifications whereof was and is the Key of the Baltick Sea enlarged into the Sea with incredible charge and pains by Frederick the 2d The Surrender of this Castle to the Swedes by a Stratagem Sept. the sixth 1658 was like to have lost Copenhagen and consequently the whole Kingdom Fredericksberg is a Fortress built in a pleasant Plain oftentimes the place of the Kings retirement but most famous for that solemn Interview and Entertainment that happened between the late Kings of Sweden and Denmark upon the Conclusion and Ratification of the Roschildt Treaty Other places are Kallenburg Rinstead Koge Korsoer is the place where K. Charles of Sweden landed his Army in his Second Expedition against Denmark Aug. 8. 1658 five Months after the aforesaid Interview of the two Kings at Frederixburg Nestwood Waringburg was the first place where the King of Sweden set his Foot in Zeland in his first Expedition In this Island are reckoned 340 Villages The Island of Fionia or Funen is the assignment of the Prince of Denmark 't is Seated between Zeland and Juitland separated from the first by a narrow passage called the Belt from the last by a narrower called Midle-far-sound 'T is a fertile Soil and pleasant situation It s chief place is the well Traded Odensee an Episcopal See formerly the Seat of the General Assemblies of the Kingdom now kept at Copenhagen adorned with two fair Churches and neat buildings near this place Count Guldenlew the Vice-roy of Norway was overtaken in his Coach by Charles King of Sweden in his first Expedition Other Towns are
with Springs and Rivers of fresh Water Cattle and Fowl are in great plenty and other Lakes and Rivers afford store of Fish Thascala or Los Angelos is a Country very plentiful both of Corn and Cattle full of rich Pastures well watered with Rivers and wonderfully stored with Maize which they make their Bread of Places of most note are first Thascala Situate on an easie ascent betwixt two Rivers encompassed with a large pleasant and fruitful plain said to be so populous before the arrival of the Spaniards that it could number above three hundred thousand Inhabitants Second Angelos a fair City distant from Mexico twenty two Leagues and thirty from Latera Cruz Thirdly La Vera Cruz built by the Cortez a place of great encourse situate near the Gulph from whence there is a through-fair to Mexico from whence it is distant about fifty two Leagues In May 83. about nine hundred or a thousand Privateers at Night landed and through the negligence of the Spanish Centinels surprised the Town and two Forts the one of twelve the other of eight Guns They plundered the Town for three days where they got a great deal of Plate Jewels c. and might also have taken the Castle which is seated about three quarters of a Miles into the Sea and hath thirty Guns mounted Saint John de Vlloa at Vlhua the most noted Port of this Province fenced with a Peer against the fury of the Winds and Sea defended naturally by Rocks and Quick-sands and by two Bulworks well fortified on both sides of his entrance Famous for that it was the first beginning of that great Conquest of the Valiant Cortez Here he first sunk the Ships that brought the Spaniards from Cuba to the intent they might think of nothing but Conquest and here five hundred Spaniards ventured against millions of Enemies and began the Conquest of the fourth part of the World. Xalappa de la Vera Cruz made a Bishops See in the year 1634 said to be worth ten thousand Duckets a year La Rinconada is a House or Inn which the Spaniards call Venla seated in a low Valley the hottest Place in all the Road to Mexico plentiful in Provisions and the sweetness and coolness of the Water is a great refreshment but the swarms of Gnats in the Night are most intolerable Segura de la Frontera was built by Cortez in his Wars with the Culhuacans and Tepeacaes Tlaxcallan a Common-wealth The Inhabitants whereof in one Battel against Cortez had 150000 fighting Men afterwards joyned with Cortez and were the chief Instruments of his unparallel'd Conquest being mortal Enemies to Monteâ—uma the Mexican Emperor and therefore are free from Tribute by the Kings of Spain Nixapa is a Town of eight hundred Inhabitants Spaniards and Indians where is a rich Cloister of Dominican Friers and one of the richest places in the County of Braxuca Tecoantepeque is a small and unfortified Harbor on Mar del Zur Aquatulco and Capaâ—ita are great Towns in a plain Country Taponapeque is a sweet and pleasant Town well stored with Flesh and Fish and Fowl. In this Province are said to be two hundred Towns one thousand Villages twenty five thousand Indians which are priviledged and exempted from all extraordinary Charge and Imposition because of their assisting Cortez in his Conquest of Mexico In the Valley of St. Paul was a Country Man possessed of forty thousand Sheep which were the product of two only which were brought him out of Spain Guaxaca is a Province of a healthful and a sweet Air of a fertile Soil not only in Corn but also in Fruit Cochineil Silk Cassia the Earth well stored with Mines of Gold Silver and other Metals and most of the Rivers stream down Sand-Gold It s chief places are Antequera a Bishoprick adorned with stately buildings and a Magnificent Cathedral Church Aquatulâ—o is a noted and convenient Port on Mar del Zur from whence is transported the Merchandise of Mexico to Peru plundered both by Drake and Cavendish in their Voyages about the World. Gage tells us that Guaxaca is a City and Bishops Seat fair and beautiful sixty Leagues from Mexico and consists of two thousand Inhabitants n t far from the Head of the great River Alvarado upon which are Zapoteâ—as and St. Idlfonso That from thence they went to Antequera a great Town Tavasco or Tabasco is a Coast of one hundred Leagues between Guâ—xaca and Jucatan of an excellent Soil abundant in Maiz and Cacao There are Vines Fig-trees Oranges and Citrons great quantity of Cattle and Fowl besides wild Beasts Apes and Squirrels The Spaniards have but one Colony here which is called Newstra a Signiora de la Victoria so called from the Victory Cortez gained 15 9. The first City in America that defended it self and suffered the Spaniards sword Jucatan is a Peninsula of about four hundred Leagues in compass Situate between the Gulph of Mexico and Honduras whose Cape Catoche is opposite to Cape Saint Anthony in the Island Cuba and distant from it forty odd Leagues In the middle of the Land are to be seen Scales and Shells of Sea Fish its chief Cities are Merida distant from the Sea on either side twelve Leagues the Seat of the Bishop and Governor adorned with great and antient Edifices of Stone with many Figures of Men cut in the Stones resembling those at Merida in Spain 2. Valladolid beautified with a fair Monastery of Franciscans 3. Campeach Situate on the Shore of the Gulph a fair City of about three thousand Houses which in Anno 1596 was surprised and pillaged by the English under the Command of Captain Parker who carried away the Governor and the riches of the City The Audience of Gaudalajara or Kingdom of New Galicia makes the most occident part of New Spain and contains the Provinces of Gaudalajara Xalisco Los Zacatecas Chiamettlan Culiacan and New Biscany The Air of Gaudalajara is temperate and serene except in Summer which is most troubled with Rain The Land rather mountainous than plain very fruitful well furnished with Mines of Silver Copper Lead and Margasites the Pastures are rich feeding abundance of Cattle they have Cittrons Oranges Figs Apples Pears Peaches Olive-trees whose Fruit is often destroyed by Ants as their Corn Maize and Pulse is by the Pies which though no bigger than Sparrows are so numerous that they destroy whole Crops Its Cities are Guadelajara the Residence of the Kings Treasurer dignified with the Courts of Judicature the See of a Bishop beautified with a fair Cathedral Church watered with many Fountains and little Torrents not far from the River Beranja In the Province of Xalisco the chief City is Compostella built by Guzman 1551. Situate in a Barren Country and bad Air. In the Province of Chiametlan is Saint Sebastian nigh to which are many rich Silver Mines The Province of Culiacan hath Saint Michael and that of Chinaloa Saint John where are rich Mines of Silver In Los Zicatecas are several famous
Comely Affable People faithful in their Dealings addicted to Learning having three Universities such as they are But their Law allows of no Physitians but admit of some Chyrurgeons to cure their Wounds The Air is healthy but the changes of Weather are very uncertain for sometimes it Snows and Hails in the midst of Summer and the Winds are often in that season most furious Their Commodities are Sheep Cows and Horses Great plenty of most sort of Sea-fish all the year round their Coast There are Lakes upon the high Mountains well stored with Fresh-Water-Fish and their Rivers with Salmon In Summer time they have plenty of of Wild Fowl as Mallard Duck Teal Partridge Wild Geese Plowers In Winter time Ravens Eagles Wild Ducks Swans c. Their Drink is Milk mingled with Water Their Bread is Cod caught in the Winter time and dried in the Frost commonly called Stock-Fish as also Hokettle or the Nurse-Fish with the Livers they make Oil to burn in their Caves under Ground the other parts they cut into pieces and bury them four or five Weeks under Ground then wash them and dry them in their Stoves and this serves instead of Bread if broiled on the Coals it serves for Meat and of the Skins of the Fish they make their Shooes The general Employment of the People is either Fishery or the making of Wad-moll or a course sort of Woollen Cloth of which they make Gowns Coats Caps Mittins for Seamen and Fishermen There is also little Shock Dogs said to be the Whelps of ordinary Bitches lined by Foxes that come on over the Ice There is only one Fort which is upon one of the chief of the West Mâ—â—ny Isles ten Leagues from Merchants Foreland with twelve Iron Guns in it and there their Courts are held and the Bishop has his Residence As for their Government and Laws see Dithmar Belfkins and Arugreine Jonas or Purchas in his Pilgrimage Sometimes Danes Hamburgers and Lubekers put into the Island and furnish the Islanders with such Provisions as they want The chiefest places where the Ships stay are the Havens of Haneford and Keplawick and the Governor resides at Belested the Danes bring from thence dried Fish Train-Oil Butter Tallow Sulphur Raw Hides and particularly a sort of Whales Teeth which some esteem as much as Ivory Betwixt Cape Farewel and Cape Sumay lieth a great Sea dilating it self both towards the North South and West giving great hopes of a North West passage to China and the East Indies much searched into by many English Worthies Frobisher Weymouth Hudson Button Baffin Smith James and others who have sailed therein some one way some another and given names to many places as may be seen in the Map and in the year 1667 an Honourable and Worthy Design was renewed and undertaken by several of the Nobility of England and divers Merchants of London for the discovery of this North West passage and to settle a Trade with the Indians there Captain Zachariah Gillam being Commander who in the Nonsuch Ketch passed through Hudsons Straights then into Baffins Bay from thence Southerly into the Latitude of fifty one Degrees or thereabouts in a River now called Prince Ruperts River he there found a friendly correspondence with the Natives Built a Fort called Charles Fort returned with good success and laid the Foundation of an advantageous Trade in those parts But in the year 1687 seised upon by the French. The North West Part of AMERICA by R. Morden Atâ—â— Atlas in Cornhill Of GREENLAND GReenland is a Country of vast extent an unknown Tract and not yet fully discovered for notwithstanding several Voyages and many Ships have touched upon its Coasts yet it still lies obscured in a Northern Mist unless the names of certain Bays Capes c. viz. Cape Farewel Cape Comfort Cape Desolation Warwicks Foreland and Bearsford where 't is said the King of Denmark hath a Governor Of GREENLAND TOwards the North East lies a Tract of Land called Greenland by the English Spitsburg by the Dutch seated between seventy six Degrees and eighty two of Northern Latitude but whether an Island or Continent is not yet known The whole Land is so compassed with Ice that it is difficult to be approached sometimes in the middle of June tho' ordinarily the Ice breaks in May. The Soil is in most places nothing but Rocks or heaps of vast Stones many of them so high that the upper half seems to be above the Clouds The little Vallies between them are nothing else but broken Stones and Ice heaped up from many Generations About Roefield and Maple Haven is the greatest quantity of low Land which also is full of Rocks Stony and for the most part covered with Snow and Ice which when melted as in Summer discovers nothing but a barren Ground producing Heath Moss and some few Plants as a kind of Cabbage Lettice Scurvy-Grass Sorrel Snakeweed Hartsease a kind of Strawberry divers sorts of Ranunculus and of semper Vives in the Mountains that are exposed to a warm Air and Sun-beams in the Holes and Rocks infinite quantity of Fowls Nest whose Dung with the Moss washed down by the melted Snow makes a Mould in the Vallies or Clefts which produceth those Plants aforesaid For tho' it hath the Sun for half a year yet never about thirty three Degrees and forty Minutes above the Horizon the power of its Beams are insufficient to dispel the Cold or dissolve the Ice so that the Vapors from the Earth are not hot enough to warm the Air nor thin enough to rise to any considerable height but hang continually in thick dark Mists about the Land that sometimes you cannot see the length of your Ship. 'T is also remarkable that at Cherry in June 1608 it was so hot that melted Pitch ran down the sides of the Ships and that the Ice is raised above the Water many Fathoms and many times above thirty Fathom under Water and sometimes 't is frozen to the bottom of the Sea. The freezing and breaking of the Ice makes a great and terrible noise sometimes it breaks into great pieces and sometimes it shatters at once into small pieces with more noise but less danger The Beasts of the Country are Foxes of divers Colours Raindeer Bears six Foot high and fourteen Foot long Of Water Fowl there is great variety and in so great abundance that with their flight they darken the Sun viz. Ducks Willocks Stints Sea-pidgeons Sea-Parrots Gulls Noddees There are also great quantities of Fishes as Seals Dog Fishes Lobsters Gernels Star-Fish Macarel Dolfins Unicorns Whales c. Our Men that wintered in Greenland Anno 163â— lost the Light of the Sun October the fourteenth and saw it not again till February the third Those that staid there 1633 say that October the fifth was the last day they saw the Sun tho' they had Twilight till the seventeenth and on the twenty second the Stars were plainly to be seen and so continued for all
the adjacent Countries 3. Galloway the principal City of the Province of Connaught a Bishops ee and the third City of Ireland for Beauty Bigness and Strength Situate near the Fall of the great Lake or River Corbles in the Western Ocean a noted Emporie well Inhabited and of a good Trade by reason of its commodious Haven or Road for Ships 4. Limrick the second Principal of the Province of Munster and the fourth in Estimation of all Ir land Situate in an Island compassed about with the River Shannon well Fortified with a strong Castle a Bishops See and well frequented distant from the Main Ocean about 60 miles yet the River so large and Navigable that Ships of Burthen come up close to the very Wall. Beautified with a Cathedral Church and a fair Stone-Bridg 5. Kingsale upon the Mouth of the River Bany a Commodious Port being the only s fe and ready Port in all Ireland for our English Ships and others to Victual at and Refresh themselves when Bound for and returning from the West-Indies and other parts of the VVorld 6. Cork a Bishops See well Walled and fitted with a commodious Haven Inhabited by a W althy and Industrious People generally English the Shire-Town and the only Through-fare of all English Goods and Commodities s nt this way most commonly out of England for the two Remarkable Towns of â—imrick and Galloway Armagh Dublin Cassil and Tuam are the four Arch-Bishopricks VVicklow seated on the Sea whose Castle is a strong Rock Newcastle is guarded by its Sands Trim on the River Boyne Longford is the title of an Earldom Kildare a Bishops See much celebrated in the Infancy of the Irish Church for the Holy Virgin St. Brigid VVexford the Menapa of Ptol. seated at the mouth of the River Slane is a fair Town and a good Haven Inish Corthy is a Borough and Town Corporate Kilk nny on the Nure is a fair and wealthy Town and honoured with the See of the Bishop of Ossery London-Derry is a fair and well built Town Dunagan gives its name to the County St. Patricks Purgatory is a Vault or narrow Cave in the ground of which strange stories are reported by the Irish Cloghar dignified with the See of a Bishop Dungannon the ancient residence of the O-neals Antrim gives name to the County Knock-fergus or Carikfergus seated on a large Bay the Vinderius of Ptolomy not far from which once stood the famous Monastry of Magio so much commended by Bede Down and Conner are dignified with an Episcopal See. Tredath or Droghdagh with its good Haven is a well frequented Town Carlingfort is a well frequented Port-Town Owen Maugh the ancient Seat of the Kings of Vlster is near to Armagh the Arch-Bishoprick and Primate of all Ireland Craven is seated on the Lake Cane Kilmore on the Lake Navity Belturbet and Inish Killing on the Lake Earne Clare giveth Title to an Earldom Kylaloe is dignified with an Episcopal See near the Lake Derg on the Shannon Roscommon not far from Loegh Ree Elphen is honoured with the See of a Bishop Athlone on the Lake Ree under the Curlew Hills is defended by a Castle and beautified with a Stone-Bridge Letrim seated in a fertile soil near the L. Alyne Cassile is an Arch-Bishoprick by Eugenius the third Bishoâ— of Rome Holy Cross on the River Shoure once a place much frequented by Pilgrims The North part of Tipperary beareth the Name of Ormond and is Honoured in giving Title to James Butler Duke Marquess and Earl of Ormond Earl of Brecknock and Ossery c. Dingle hath a commodious Port. Ardfart or Ardart is a Bishops See. Yoghil on the River Broadwater is well fortified and hath a good Haven as also is Dungannon Of Denmark DENMARK by Robt. Morden at the Atlas in Cornhil LONDON DENMARK is a Monarchy which in former times was very formidable both to France and England and tho the English for many years have minded no other Interest in this Country but that of the Baltick and North Trade yet since these two Crowns are now come to a closer Union it may be worth our while to look back and consider the State of that Monarchy wherein the English hath so great an Interest by the late Marriage of George Prince of Denmark with the Princess Ann. Concerning the Original of the Dane we read not in any of the more ancient Greek and Latin Authors excepting Jornandes and Venantius Fortunatus who yet but slightly mention them In the French and English Histories they are often remembred first in the reign of Theodorick King of Austrasia about the year 516 under their King Cochliarius foraging upon the Sea-coast of Gaul-Belgick slain in their return by Theodebert Son to Theoderick After this in the reign of Charles the Great under their Prince Gotricus or Godfrey then warring upon the Obertriti the Inhabitants about Rostock teste Krantzio and Invading Freisland with a Fleet of 200 Sail threatning the Neighbouring Saxons with Subjection and much endangering the Empire of the French if the death of Godfrey and the Quarrels about Succession had not prevented Afterwards their mention is very frequent and famous during the race of the French Kings of the Caroline Line and of the Monarchy of the English Saxons with sundry Fleets and Armies unresistible invading France and England conquering and subduing the English Saxon Nation and giving the Name of Normandy to part of France for by that common Name of Normans the Danes as well as the Norweeis and Swethes were then called The word Dane Saxo Gramaticus Krantzius and others fabulously derived from one Dan a King hereof about the year of the World 2898. Becanus from Henen or Denen signifying a Cock in the Danish Language the Arms of the Alani their Progenitors But how they got thither is very uncertain Andreas Velleius in Cambden from the Dahi a people of Asia and Marck signifying a border Ethelwardus from Donia a Town sometimes since seated herein Montanus from Aha signifying water in regard of the Situation of the Country The more Judicious fetch their Name from the Bay or Strait of the Sea called by Mela Sinus Codanus about which Strait and in the Islands adjacent these people since their first being known have to this day inhabited From this Name hath the Country been called Denmark A Nation famous a long time for Arms and their many and great Victories atchieved abroad Themselves never conquered by foreign power Lords sometimes of England and Swethland Yet such is the Vicissitude of Kingdoms that Denmark was in the compass of four years viz. 1657 58 59 and 1660 almost conquered by the Swedes the History of which Wars are well written by Sir Roger Manley there you will find the King of Sweden fighting with a wonderful resolution and continued Successes the King of Denmark with an undaunted and indefatigable courage endeavours to check his Career till by the Mediation of the Dutch and English the Treaty of Roschilt in
Norway is very much fallen to decay yet it still â—tains the Title of an Archbishoprick and the Remains of one of the fairest and most magnificent Churches of the North Ships ride sâ—fâ—â—e Harbour but they must have very good Pilots to carry them in Here the People make a kind of Bread of Barly-Meal and Oates which they bake between two hollow Flint-stones which Bread ke ps thirty or forty years The Norwegians are little subject to sickness and of such a Constitution that when they are in a Fever one slice of Bacon does them more good than a potched Egg their great inclination to Sorcery makes them have the reputation of Selling the Winds to the Seamen Finmark which makes part of Lapland advances into the Frigid Zone so that day or night continues alternately for several Months together The Inhabitants claim nothing of Property but take the first place that pleases them here to day in another place to morrow They live upon Fish and Hunting and only pay an acknowledgment of certain Skins to the King of Denmark and carry their Fish to Berghen The Castle of Wardhus with a Burrough of 300 Houses the most Northernly of the whole Continent is in the middle of a little Island where it serves only to force the payment of certain duties from those that Traffick to Arch-Angel in Moscovy The Haven is in the Western part of the Island which is separated from the Land by an arm of the Sea about a Quarter of a League broad through which the Ships make Sail and the places adjoyning are not so subject to the Ice as other parts of the same Sea. As for the Norwegians we have not read of them in any ancient Author both Name and Country seem more lately to have been given from their Northern Situation uniting with the Danes and Swedes they were better known in the time of the French Empire by the name of Normans under which appellation in the time of Charles the Simple they got the Province of Normandy conferred on Rollo the first Duke thereof Anno 912 afterwards setling in their own Country they were called Norwegians from their Northern Situation Governed by their own Kings till their final Subjugation by the Danes which was by means of the Marriage of Haquin the last Prince of Nâ—rway unto Margaret Queen of Denmark Norway and Sweden a second Semiâ—amis in the History of those times who having once got sooting in Norway so assured themselves of it that they havâ— ever since possessed it as a Tributary Kingdom so that now Norway and Denmark are both fellow Subjects under the same King. Of Swedeland SWEDEN NORWAY by Robt. Morden THE Monarchy of Sueovonia or Suecia Lat. Sweden Incolis Suede Gal. Suetia Ital. is the most ancient in Europe if it be true that it has had above a hundred and fifty Kings and that the first among them was the Son of Japhet one of the Sons of Noah Perhaps for this reason it was that at the Council of Basil a Swedish Bishop had the Confidence to demand of the Presidents the precedency before all the Bishops of Christendom Some Historians begin to reckon the Kings of Sweden from Jermanicus and demonstrate to us that the Kingdom was Elective till the Reign of Gustavus de Vasa or Ericus who made it Hereditary to his Family in the year 1544 and at the same time put down the Roman Catholick Religion to Embrace the Lutheran Doctrine under this pretence of Religion Charles the Ninth of Sudermania deprived his Nephew Sigismund of his Crown who had been the 13th Elective King of Poland of that Name In the Reign of the Emperor Charles the Great we find them to have been a Free State different from that of the Danes entertaining then Harioldus and Ragenfridus Kings of that Nation driven out by the Sons of Gotericus In the Reign of Sweno the First and Canutus the Great they were subject to the Danes By Queen Margaret about the year 1387 they were again subdued to the Danish yoke after long Wars sundry defections and recoveries not fully delivered until the year 1525 freed by Gustavus aforesaid and ever since commanded by Princes of their own Nation The ancient Inhabitants of this Nation are supposed to be the Suiones or Sitones of Tacitus Inhabiting the greater Scandia of Ptol. by Aimonius called the Sueones in his 48 and 101 Chap. By Jornandes de Rebus Geticis the Suethici at this day by long corruption the Sueci giving Name to the Country now called Suetia or Swedeland extended for a great space of Land betwixt the Baltick and the Frozen Seas The King of Swedeland stiles himself King of the Swedes Goths Vandals Great Prince of Finland Duke of Estonia and Carelia Lord of Ingria and bears in his Arms three Crowns The present King is Charles the Eleventh of the Family of the Palatine of Deux Ponts The Goths and Vandals are famous in History for their Conquests So have the Swedes been in the last Age through the valour of their late Kings and the conquests they have made upon their Neighbours which had made them almost Masters of the Baltick The Peace at Bromsbroo near Christianople Anno 1645 obliged the King of Denmark to restore Jempterland and Herendall to the Swedes and to surrender him the Islâ—nds of Gotland and Oesel to perpetuity with the Province of Halland for thirty years The Peace of Roskil near Copenhagen 1658 surrendered Halland wholly to the Swedes together with Schonen Blâ—king and the Island of Bornholm which afterwards returned to the Danes by exchange of other Lands the Fortress of Bahus and the Bailywick of Drenthâ—m The Peace at Copenhagen 1660 confirms the Treaty of Roskil except for the Bailywick of Dronthem and acquires the Island of Ween The Acquisitions of the Swede from the Empire by the Peace of Munster were the Dutchy of Lower Pomerania and in the Vpper-Stetin Gartz Daâ— and Golnau the Island and Principality of Rugen the Isles and Mouths of Oder the Dukedoms of Bremen and Ferden The City Signiore and part of Wismar Wildhusen in Westphalia the priviledg to attempt the rest of Pomerania and the new Marquisate of Brandenburgh The Treaty of Oliva near Dantzick 1660 was so advantageous to this Kingdom that the King of Poland there utterly renounced the Title of King of Swedeland for the future and consented that Livonia from thenceforth should be Hereditary to the Crown of Sweden This was intended of Livonia upon the North of the River Duna where only Dunâ—mburgh was reserv'd to the Crown of Poland according to the Truce made at Stumsdorf for 26 years Anno 1635. The Peace with Muscovy restor'd to Sweden all that the Grand Duke had taken in Livonia The King of â—weden pretends to the Succession of Cleves and Juliers by Title from his Great Grand-father John Duke of Deux Ponts who Married Magdalene the thirteenth Sister to Duke John-William In the Estates of this Kingdom the Country-men
delicious part and so well Peopled that for 18 Leagues in Length and 12 in breadth it contains above 130 Monasteries well endow'd 1460 Parishes 5000 Fountains of Spring-water two hundred Stone-Bridges and six Sea-Ports some call it the Delight and Marrow of Spain Porto by the Dutch and by the English Port a Port a City containing about 4000 Houses is a place of great Trade and Braga Braecaria Augusta of Ptol. Bracara of Ant. and Braecae of Plia is renown'd for the several Councils that have been held there and for the pretension of the Arch-Bishop who claims to be Arch-Bishop of all Trales-Montes is stored with Mines and adorn'd with the City of Braganca the Capital of a Dukedom of 40000 Duckets Revenue wherein there are also fifty little Towns and other Lands which Entitle the Duke of Braganca to be three times a Marquis seven times an Earl and many more times to be a Lord. The Princes of that Name who are now in Possession of the Crown usually Resided at Villa Viciosa and had a Prerogative beyond the Grandees of Spain to sit in publick under the Royal Canopy of the Kings of Spain Beyra is fertile in Rye Millet Apples and Chesnuts Her City of Coimbra formerly the Residence of Alphonsus the first King of Portugal who enjoyed a longer Soveraignty than any Prince since the beginning of the Roman Monarchy attained to faith Heylin Sapores the Son of Misdales King of Persia whose Father dying left his Mother with Child and the Persian Nobility set the Crown on his Mothers Belly before she was quick came short of him by two years is famous for the University and for the Bishoprick which is reckon'd to be worth above a hundred thousand Livres of Annual Rent Estremadura produces Wine Oyl Salt and Honey which the Bees there make of Citron Flowers and Roses her City of Lisbon Oliosippon of Ptol. Olisipon of Ant. Olysippo of Solynus and Olysipo of Pliny a Municipium of the Romans sirnamed Faelicitas Julia the Royal Seat of the Kings of Portugal an Arch-Bishops Sea the Residence of the Vice-Roys a flourishing Empory situated upon five rising Hills upon the right Shore of the River Tagus Tajo incolis about 5 Miles from the Ocean having the advantage of the Ebbing and Flowing of the Sea. It is said to contain 32 Parish-Churches 350 Streets 11000 dwelling Houses 160000 Inhabitants besides Church-men Strangers and Courtiers and with the Suburbs about 7 Miles in compass the Capital City of all the Kingdom one of the fairest richest the biggest and best peopled of Europe The little Town of Belem which is near to it is the Burying-place of many of the Kings of Portugal Santarim is so happy in the great number of Olives that grow round about it that the Natives boast that they could make a River of their Oyl as big as Tagus It was the Scabaliscus of Ptol. the Scabalis of Ant. and Pliny sirnamed Praesidium Julium then a Roman Colony and a juridicial Resort named from St. Irene a Nun of Tomar here martyred and enshrined Setubal the Salatia of Ptol. is well situated and well built and is a Town of good Trade it is the best Haven in all the Kingdom 30 Miles long and 3 broad her Salt-pits and her Wines by what the Portuguezes relate bring a greater Revenue to their King than all Arragon to the King of Spain Alen teio passes for the Granary of Portugal by reason of the Corn which it produces The City of Evora claims the next place in Dignity to Lisbon In the year 1663 the Portuguezes overthrew the Spaniards in a memorable Battel near to this City Elvas is famous for its excellent Oyls and for the Sieges that it has prosperously held out against the Spaniards Ourique is the place where was fought that famous Battel which occasioned the Proclaiming the first King of Portugal Portelegre is a Bishops See Beja is supposed to be the Pax Julia of Plin. and Ptol. Algarve tho small in extent it assumes the Title of a Kingdom and was reunited to the Crown by the Marriage of Alphonsus the 3d with Beatrice of Castile It produces Eggs Olives Almonds and Wines which are very much esteemed and indeed the word Algerbia in the Language of the Moors signifies a fruitful Champaign Chief Towns are Tavila or Tavira the Balsa of Ptol. and Plin. Faro is seated near the Cuncum Promontorium now Capo St. de Maria. Silves is the ancient Ossonaba of Ptol. the Onoba of Mela the Sonoba of Strabo by the Moors Excuba by the Spaniards Estoy by some Estomber Lagus is seated near the Promontorium Sacrum of Strab. and Ptol. now Cape St. Vincent from the Relicks of the Holy Martyr brought from Valentia by the persecuted Christians flying the Cruelty of Abderrahman the first King of the Spanish Moors removed afterwards to Lisbon by King Ferdinand Of Italy ITALIA by Robert Morden at the Atlas in Cornhil London ITaly Anglis Italia Incolis Hispanis Italic Gallis Welschlandt Germanis Wolska Zemia Polonis Vloska Sclavonice called also by the Ancients Ausonia Camesena Oenotria Hesperia Janicula Salevmbrona Saturnia c. once Empress of the then known World still the fairest and most delicious Country of Europe After so long time so many Ages elapsed it is not certainly decided who were her first Inhabitants nor whether some one Nation did plant here after the Confusion of Babel or that it was peopled by little and little as several Nations did arrive 't is equally dubious whether it received its general Name at first or whether particular Parts had first their Appellations 'T is certain that several Nations at sundry times did transport themselves thither from Greece and Peopled all the Sea-Coast said to be Janus An. Mun. 1925. after whom came Saturn out of Creet Evander or Oenotrus out of Arcadia with their followers after them arrived some Trojans under the conduct of Aeneas whose kind entertainment by Latinus King of the Latins occasioned the Wars between him and Turnus King of the Rutuli but after the Romans grew Potent all Italy fell under their Subjection until the time of Honorius after which several barbarous Nations viz. Goths Vandals Herules and the Huns passing the Alps over-ran all Italy and divided it into several Kingdoms And when these were ejected or at least subdued by the Lieutenants of the Emperor Justinan it was once more united to the Empire till the Empress Sophia envying Narsis Honour recalled him from his Government whereupon he opened the Passage of the Country to Albonius King of the Lombards who possessed themselves of that Country calling it by their own Name Longobardia These were at length subdued by Pepin King of France who was called into Italy by the Bishop of Rome After that the Seat of the Roman Empire being fixed in Germany Italy was reduced into several Parcels and Factions so that the Soveraign Princes thereof at this day are 1. The Pope Pontifex Maximus under whose Dominion are these
which is defended by a Fort built upon a Rock just in the Entrance with an open Port but unsecure Bay for great Ships Clissa supposed to be the Andretium of Strabo and Anderium of Ptol. is a strong Fort more by Nature than Art Situated upon a Rock which stands just in the middle of the Passage between the Mountains which is so narrow that not a Man or Horse can pass by without the License of their Castle It is now in the Possession of the Venetians taken from the Turks 1647. under the Conduct of the Signior Fescolo it is about 8 Miles North of Spalato and 4 from Salona In 1647. Obraozza Carino Ortissina Velino Nadino Vrana Tino and Salona were subdued to the Venetian Arms by the prosperous Success of Foscolo And Sebenico Besieged by Mahomet Techli who was forced to raise the S ege with the loss and slaughter of many of his Soldiers Zegna the Senia of the Ancients Zara the Jadera of Ptolomy strongly Fortified and well Manned of a commodious Situation almost encompassed with the Sea only the East end joyned to the firm Land new very strong being secured by divers Redoubts and 4 Royal Bastions and a new Line of Fortification which makes it the most considerable and strongest Place in all Dalmatia Sehenico is a strong Fortress seated on a rising Hill whose spacious Port is secured by the Fort of St. Nicolas and the Hills by a Cittadel and the new Works of St. John. Salona a Roman Colony and the ordinary Arsenal for their Navies well known in Ancient Stories for the Retreat of Dioclesian and the Garden of his Retirement after he had renounced the Empire Trau Tragurium of Strabo and Plin. is situated between the firm Land and a little Island Bua joyned to the Land by a Stonebridg and to the Island by a Wooden-bridg it is about 18 or 20 Miles West from Spalato Lessina is the Isle which Ptol. calls Pharia Strabo Pharos very high Rocky and Mountainous reckoned about 100 Miles in compass at the South end is a good Haven where is the Town having a Cittadel on the top of a steep Rock The place is noted for the Fishing Trade of Sadelli which are like Anchovies 100 Miles from Zara 30 Miles South from Spalato and 30 Miles North from Lisse Almissa the Peguntium of Ptolomy or Pigantia seated on a high Rock and Defended with a strong Castle now belonging to the Turks teste Baud. Castle Novo a strong Fortress within the Gulf of Cataro taken by the Venetian under the Conduct of General Conaro 1687. Cataro Ascrivium Plin. Ascrivion Ptol. a strong Hold also of the Venetians against the Turks But Mr. Wheeler saith 't is the first Town belonging to the Turks Budua the Butua of Ptol. is the last place of the Venetians on the Dalmatian Shores. Places more belonging to the Turks are Narenza Dulcigno or Vlcinium of old a City of indifferent good Trade where the Franks have a Consul containing about 7 or 8000 Inhabitants Scudari the Scodra of Old strongly Seated on a steep Rock Memorable for the years stout Resistance which it made against Mahomet the Second but taken Anno 1578. by the Turks And Alâ—sio the Lissus of Old the farthest Town of all Dalmatia where Scanderbeg was Buried Of the Commonwealth of Ragusa THIS is a small Commonwealth whose Town and Territories are in Dalmatia upon the Gulf of Venice and which pays Annually to the Turk 50000 Livres as being environed by the Territories under his Jurisdiction and not able to subsist without the Grand Signior's Leave It makes some Acknowledgment also to the Venetians as Masters of the Gulf. It keeps good Correspondence also with the Princes of Italy and endeavours to preserve themselves under the Protection of the King of Spain to whom it pays Tribute in the Person of the Vice-Roy of Sicily The Gentlemen must Marry Ladies if they desire to be accounted Nobles of Ragusa Contrary to the Custom of other Nations they count the Age of Men from the Conception and not from the day of their Birth The Revenue of the Republick is about 300000 Livres The Inhabitants addict themselves altogetheâ— to Trade In the year 1667. a great misfortune befell the City it being almost all swallowed up by an Earthquake Their Principal Port iâ— that of the Holy Cross Santa Cruce about nine miles from the City The chief Governour is called the Rector but his Government lasts but one Month. The Citizens change every day the Governour of their Castle Neither do they let him enter into his Command but in the Night and then they blind his Eyes The Turks have a kindness for the Ragusians because they pay their Tribute exactly and because they have by their means all the Commodities of Europe which they stand in need of They give them those Privileges which they grant to no other Christian for they permit them to buy Provisions in their Dominions For the Country about Ragusa is so Barren full of Rocks and Stones that if it brings forth any thing 't is by means of the Earth which they fetch from other parts The Town is well Built and Fortified with Walls and a Castle a Noted Empory and of a good Trade the Epidaurus of Old. 1. Sabioneera is a Town Seated on a long slip of Land opposite to Curzola belonging to the Republick of Ragusa where are many delightful and fruitful Gardens 2. Santa Croce the Entrance good the Port large deep and secure being every way Land-locked by Mountains round it covered with Vineyards Gardens and Houses of Pleasure of the Ragusians 3. Budua the Bulua of Ptol. is the last place of the Venetians on the Dalmatian Shores. 4. The Gulf of Lodrin was anciently the Gulph of Apolonia where Caesar narrowly escaped with his Life and Fleet. 'T is a dangerous passage about 150 miles over Curzola by Strabo Corcyra Nigro once belonging to the Republique of Ragusa but taken from them by the Venetians by a cunning Exchange The Town is of the same Name and seated upon a Peninsula is a Bishops Seat and Walled besides which there is about five Villages Along the Coast of Dalmatia lies a great cluster of Islands Debronicha Turcis Liburnides Insulae by Strab. the Names of the chief you will find in the Maps most of them belonging to the Venetians which are said to contain 40000 Inhabitants Of SERVIA A New Map of SERVIA BULGARIA en ROMANIA By Robt. Morden SERVA or Zervia as some call it contains part of Moesia Superior and part of Dalmatia of old it had once Kings of its own now extinct It was once under the Hungarian Kings now wholly possessed by the Turks It is now divided into Maritine and Midland Servia teste Joan. Lucio Servia Maritima olim Chulmia now Herzegovina extendeth towards Dalmatia and Albania Servia Mediterranea is divided into two parts viz. Rascia and Bosna It is a Fruitful and pleasant Country consisting of Plains Woods and Hills not
a famous City of that name within its Confines and Aegialea from Aegialus a famous King of the Syconians Apollodorus and Pliny calls it Apia from Apis the third King of the Argives Son of Aegialus and also Pelasgia Afterwards it had the Name of Peloponnesus from Pelops the Son of Tantalus King of Phrygia and Taygeta now Morea As to its Bigness Authors disagree Isodore allows it 363 miles in Circuit Bourdon 563. Porchacchi 573. Bleau Sagredo and Vianoli makes it 600. Baudrand 550. Strabo makes the length 1400 Stadia Sagredo makes it 170 miles from the Isthmus to Modon Baudrand makes it 150 from Corinth to Tenarium Prom. and from C. Schilli to C. Tornese 175. It was by Ptolomy and others divided into eight parts Achaia Propria Arcadia Argia Corinthia Elis Laconia Messenia and Sicyonia Pomponius Mela divided it in but six of those parts he left out Corinthia and Siconia Morri and Baudranel make four Divisions viz. Ducatus Clarentiae the Dutchy of Clarence or Chiarenza which comprehends Achaia Propria Sicymia and Corinthia 2. Belvedera which contains Elis and Messenia 3. Sacâ—ania or the lesser Romania containing the ancient Argia or Argos 4. Traconia comprehending Laconia and Arcadia Places most Famous are 1. Patras an Arch-Bishoprick known to the Romans by the Name of Augusta Aroe Patrensis called also Neupatria by the Turks now Badra and Balabutra teste Leunc Memorable for the Death of St. Andrew the Apostle and now a Town of good Trade in Raw Silks Leather Honey Wax Wool Cheese and Currants Situate near the Strait which openeth into the Bay of Corinth now Lepanto a Strait Fortified on both sides with two Castles by Bajazet to secure the Entrance of the Bay taken by Andrew Doria 1571. Recovered by Solyman the Magnificent July 1687. abandoned by the Turks and possessed by the Venetians Chiarenza the Cyllene of Plin. Ptol. Thucy teste Soph. Antravida Nig. But Brietas will have Dyme olim Stratos Cauconia to be Clarenza once the Capital City of that Dutchy now some slight Traces of it are all that is visible Six miles from the Cape Tornese Chelonates Prom. Strab. and is the Castle or Fortress of Torneze now by the Turks Clemouzzi teste Wheel Clemontii Coronelli Pylas of Strab. Thucyd. c. Abarinus Ptol. Nelea Homero teste Paus Coryphasium teste Steph. Navarino Soph. Zonichia Leunct now Zunchio or Navarin 10 miles distant from Coron is famous for its Port where 2000 Vessels may ride at Anchor about five miles long and three broad having an Island lying before it on the right hand it is guarded with a strong Castle called New Naverin on the other hand stands old Navarin formerly called Pylus Modon 10 miles from Coron by the Turks Matum by Plin. Methone its Situation by Nature and Art makes it strong having a safe and commodious Haven taken first by the Venetians in the year 1124. In the year 1498. it was taken by Bajazet with a great Slaughter And in the year 1685. retaken by the Venetians Coron once Pedusus Nisi Laurenb Epea Paus hath a strong and advantageous Situation on the right side of Cape Gallo the Acritus Prom. of the Ancients taken by Bajazet 1498. Taken again by General Doria 1533. but soon again returned to the Turkish yoke But in the year 1685. after the defeat of the Turkish Camp and a vigorous resistance it was taken by assault with a dreadful slaughter of all the Inhabitants by the Venetians who found 128 Pieces of Cannon of which 66 were Brass Calamata the Abaea Ptol. Thuria Aepea Strab. teste Soph. but Abaea is Chioris Mol. And the Thurium of Ptol. Thyrea Plin. is now Cumestra teste Mol. The Thalame of Strab. Paus Theramne Plin. Therapnae Solino Mela teste Gemistro But Niger will have Thalame to be Basilopotamo or Vasilipotamo and Mol. will have it Borboliza It is seated at the bottom of the Bay of Coron about a mile from the Sea on the Bank of the River Pamisus of Strabo Stromio Niger defended with a strong Castle with Regular Fortifications taken by the Venetians 1685. Nigh to which is the Lake Lerna where Hercules slew the Monster Hydra as also Mount Tenarus where was the Cave called the descent of Hell out of which he drew the Dog Cerberus and Naemea was the place where he slew the dreadful Lion. As was also Zarnata a Fortress much favoured by Nature but much more by Art which was delivered up to General Morosini in sight of the Captain Bassa with a numerous and powerful Army who dared not to attempt its succour Chielefa is a Fortress of great importance for its advantages of Nature and Art seated upon a steep Rock a mile and half from the Sea of a Quadrangular Figure Flanked with five great Towers not far from the place where once Vitulo stood It surrendred to the Venetians 1686. Passova is a Fortification seated in the Province of Maina opposite to Chielefa and Port Vitulo yielded to the Venetians 1685. without a stroke and demolished As also the Fortress of Maina built where once stood the ancient Cersapolis by the Ottomans called Turcotogli Olimienas by the Greeks Castro di Maina by the Turks Monige demolished in the year 1570. Mysitra Seated in a large Plain full of small Villages Olive and Mulberry-Trees about 25 miles from the Sea the Mountain Taygetus commands it on the West once Sparta then Lacedaemon once one of the most famous of the Grecian Cities now shrunk to a little Town scarcely shewing any Remains of its former Glory Historians do not agree who was its first Founder some say it was Spartus the Son of King Amiclas others the Princess King Lacedaemons Wife who was called Sparta some affirm it was Cecrops and others attribute it to Spartus the Son of Phoroneus King of Argos Contemporary with the Patriarch Jacob and make it older than Rome 983 years The Castle is so advantageously seated that Histories assures us it was never taken In the year 1687. surrendred to the Venetians Malvasia the Epidaurus Limera Monembasia of the Ancients has a very advantageous Situation in a little Isle on a Rock washed by the waves of the Archipelagus yet enjoying several Sources of sweet clear Springs inaccessible on all sides but one place which is defended with a thick triple Wall and joyned to the main Land by a Wooden Bridg having a very spacious Port and well defended yet though its Scituation renders it almost invincible yet by its ill fortune it hath undergone several Changes Taken from the Greek Emperors by the French and Venetians Anno 1204. In the year 1537. it was taken by Solyman and during the Wars of Candia it was attacked by the Venetians and taken who demolished the Fort and left it There is another Epidauras in Argia called Esculapia Soph. famous for the Temple of Aesculapius Pigiada Nigro Cherronisi Soph. Napoli di Romania amongst the Celebrated Cities once the
made his Refuge but was strangled before he could accomplish his design Dadacardia Tav The Ruines whereof denote it to have been a large Town but now the Inhabitants have no other Habitation but the Hollows of Rocks Cousasar Tav Kodgiasar Thev is a Village where you pay the Customs of Diarbequir Tav rather of Merdin teste Thev Merdin Marde Herod Ptol. Merdino Onuph Mirdin Barb. Mirdanum Procopio two Leagues from Kodgiasar is a little City seated on a Mountain with good Walls and a Castle where is resident a Basha who hath under him 200 Spahi's and 400 Janizaries Karasara Tav Caradene Thev shews the Ruines of seven or eight Churches and was once a great Town one days Journy from Nesbin Nesbin is but the shadow of the ancient Nisibis of Strab. Ptol. Plut. Plin. and formerly a great Town now hardly an ordinary Village Mosul upon the West side of the River Tygris is encompassed with Walls of rough Stone plaistered over with little pointed Battlements on the Top. It hath a Castle built of Free Stone and the Walls are about three Fathom high on the Land side separated from the Town by a Ditch five or six Fathoms broad and very deep In the Castle there are six large Guns whereof one is broken and one is mounted several Field-pieces whereof two mounted The Tygris here in Summer is not broader than the River Sein in France but deep and rapid and in Winter 't is as broad again And here I cannot omit what Thevenot affirms of Sanson's Map of this Country viz. That besides the mistakes of Rivers he hath made so many Faults in the position of Places in their Distances as also in their Names that nothing of the Country is true in the Map. Diarbeck taken in general comprehends Arzerum the Assyria of old and Yerac the ancient Chaldea or Babylonia the chief Cities whereof are Babylon and Nineveh which were heretofore very famous now altogether ruined Nineveh just over against Mosul was the Residence of the King of Assyria 24 Leagues in Circuit The voluntary death of Sardanapalus and the Repentance of the Inhabitants have renowned it in Story Towards the Frontiers of Assyria inhabited a Warlike People called The Curds where many great Battels have been fought viz. That at Arbela and Gaugamela Plin. or Gangamela Strab. now near to if not the same with Schiahrazur the Seat of a Turkish Beglerbeg Renowned for the Victory of Alexander the Great against Darius killing above 400000 Persians with the loss of 300 Macedonians There the Califfs wan the Battel of Maraga which made them Masters of all Persia And near to Chuy Selim defeated Ishmael Sephi who had always been a Victor before Babylon lay a small days Journy from Bagdat which stands upon the Tygris and is only a heap of Ruins in a place called Felougia near to which they shew the place where stood the Tower of Babel famous for the Confusion of Languages This Babylon was built by Nimrod whom some affirm to be Belus Semiramis and Nebuchadnezzar much augmented it The first of the two having encompassed it with such Walls as were accounted one of the Seven Wonders of the World and the high and fair Gardens upon the Terras were no less admir'd It was taken by Cyrus by Darius by Alexander the Great who died there and by Seleucus The power and wealth of Babylon was so great that it contributed more to the Grand Cyrus than the third part of all his Dominions Next to Babylon Seleucia called Coche and Alexandria then Seleucia from Antiochus the Son of Seleucius teste Martiano now Bagdad or Bagadat teste Sansone was the most considerable City in all Asia and then Ctesiphon Baghdat or Bagadad generally called Babylon is not only the Rendezvous of several Merchants but also of the Mahumetans of all parts of Asia who go to visit the Sepulchres of Omar and Haly and other Mahometan Saints It was a long time the Residence of the Caliphs Ulit who was one of them was Master of one of the greatest Monarchies in the World for it extended from the most Western parts of Barbary to the East-Indies Another Caliph of this City at his death left Eight Sons Eight Daughters Eight Millions of Gold Eight thousand Slaves and the addition of Eight Kingdoms to his Dominion In the Year 1638. when Amurath the Fourth re-took it from the Persians he caused three Men out of every Tent through his Army to be cast into the Moat and over them a vast number of Bavins and Wooll-Sacks that he might the more easily assault the Town Kufa or Mecha Ali is a City for which the Mahometans have a particular Veneration as being the Burying place of Haly. Bassora or Balsora is the Teredon of Strab. Plin. Ptol. a Town near the mouth of Tygris which they of the Country call Shat. It is large and pleasant by reason of its Palm-Trees The conveniency of its Port furnishes India and Persia with Dates which are Bread and Wine to those that know how to order them Some few Years since Balsora fell under the Jurisdiction of Ali-Bassa who styl'd himself King thereof who left it to his Successors who enjoy it from Father to Son paying a small Tribute to the Grand Signior who is afraid to oppress him lest he should revolt but these two last Places properly belong to Arabia Of CANAAN CANAAN by Rob. Morden THis Country was first Inhabited by Canaan the Son of Cham and called by his Name He dying left it to his 11 Sons that bore the Name of the Children of Canaan at what time it contained 52 Kingdoms and 5 Satrapes Divided afterwards into 12 Tribes that bore the Names of the Sons of Jacob and Israel being conquered by Joshua and possessed by the Israelites who for 386 years were governed by Captains and Judges after that for 418 years by Kings From Rehoboam 10 Tribes revolted who chose the fugitive Jeroboam for their King His Successors were styled Kings of Israel so that it then contained 2 Kingdoms viz. 1st of Judah whose regal Seat was Jerusalem 2d of Israel whose Seat was at Samaria After 259 Years the Israelites were led into Captivity by the King of Assyria some say beyond the Caspian Mountains from whence they never returned And the Assyrians possessed their Land and were called Samaritans The People of Judah were also afterwards carried Captive into Babylon by Nebuchadnezzar after set at liberty by Cyrus and returned back under the Conduct of Zerubbabel After this they were called Jews and the Country Jewry and for about 364 years they were governed by Aristocracy until the Maccabees who after many Conflicts with their powerful Neighbours uphold the Government 131 years during which interval the Romans under Pompey conquer'd Judea and after the Death of Antigonus the last of the Race of the Maccabees Herod is made King by Augustus and Anthony a man of admirable Virtues and execrable Vices fortunate abroad unfortunate in his Family his
But generally their Armies now adays consist not of above 50 or 60000 Horse besides 30000 which are always kept upon the Frontiers The Militia is divided into three sorts which are the Corschis generally called Kesel-Bashi or Red-heads in Number about 22000 all good Soldiers and Horsemen The second sort the Goulams or Slaves Renegado Georgians who are about 18000 being also Horsemen The third sort are the Tafenkgis who are composed of Men taken from the Plough as most fit for Labor they are Footmen arm'd with a Scimiter and a Musquet The Persians especially the Rich are much less subject to Sickness than the Europeans nor are they much troubled with the Pox for the dry Air of the Country is an Enemy to it besides they go often to the Bath to sweat out the Venom of that Distemper for as for any method of Physick they have none Diet is the chief Remedy which the Physicians prescribe in all Diseases and account most sovereign They divide the Natural Day into four parts from Sun-rising to Noon from Noon to Sun-set from Sun-set to Midnight and from Midnight till Sun-rise and in the Vulgar Computation of Time make use of Lunar Months which they always begin from the first Appearance of the New Moon But in their Astronomical Accounts they make use of Solar Months The first Month begins upon the 11th of our March the day of the Vernal Equinox being the first day of their year upon which day if a Persian hath not mony to buy him a new Habit he will mortgage his own Body to have one The Persians betroth their Children very young at nine or ten years and among the Armenians some are married and lie together at five or six their Law allows them but four Wives but they may have as many hired Women as they please and may also enjoy their Slaves whom they purchase the Children both of the one and of the other are accounted Lawful and inherit all alike The Nobility of the Persians is founded upon their being descended from Mahomet and these have the Title of Mir or Prince and the Daughters that of Mirza or Princess The Persians wear Red Turbants the Tartars of Giagatay Green ones The Turkish Turbants are White and the Greeks Blue And as they are thus distinguish'd in the Colours of their Turbants so if we regard the natural Enmities of Nations we shall find as great an Antipathy between the Turks and Persians as there is between the Chineses and Japanners the Armenians and Nestorians the Arabians and Abassines the French and Spaniards the Italians and Greeks the Germans and Polanders the Danes and Suedes or the Moscovites and Tartars The Capital City of all Persia is Ispahan built by Arsaces who enlarged the Parthian Dominions and called Dara afterwards Aspadara also Nymzamena by Ben. Jonas Hagistan Clu. Asbahawn by the Arabian Geographer Saphaon Mandevel Spahawn Herb. Spahan Aspachan Izpaan and Hispahan in some Maps and Authors 537 Miles from the Persian Sea 360 from the Caspian 450 from Babylon and 870 from Candahor By which last distance agreeing very near with what Tavenier makes it viz. 390 Agats every Agat being a Province League I find Persia is at least 3 or 400 Miles too much in length in most Maps and in some much more As it is the Residence of the Persian King and in the Centre of his Empire Noble as seated on a vast Plain which extends three ways 15 or 20 Leagues Fair and pleasant for Air healthy considering her Palaces Stately her Gardens Delicious and Fragrant her Piazza's and the Wealth of her Bazars or publick Market places Rich and populous only the Streets are narrow and dark annoyed with Loads of Ordure and Filth in the Summer dusty and in the Winter miry Zulpha or Jelphey Herb. is a little City separated from Ispahan by the River Sonderou and is a Colony of Armenians who enjoy Lands and great Priviledges They have 15 or 16 Churches and Chapels and no Mahometans may live amongst them Schiras Sherazz à Persis Schirasium Baud. Sheraz Herb. Syaphas Ben Jonas Xirias Don Garcias Zyras P. Venet. Cirecatha Steph. Cyropolis Muslaedini-Saddi A City no less ancient than great according to that Proverb Quando Schiras erat Schiras tunc Cairus erat ejus pagus and is now the second City for Magnificence in the Persian Monarchy pleasantly seated at the end of a spacious Plain circumvolved with lofty Hills enriched by Trade made lovely by Art. The Palaces rise so amiably the Mosques and Hummums with their caerulean Tiles and gilded Vanes amongst the Cypresses so glitter by reflecting the Sun-Beams in a curious splendor The Vineyards Gardens Cypresses Sudatories and Temples ravishing the Eye and Smell so that in every part she appears fair and delightful Here Cyrus the most excellent of Heathen Princes was born and here his Body all but his Head which was sent to Pisagard lies entombed Here the great Macedonian glutted his Avarice and Bacchism Here the first Sybil sung our Saviour's Incarnation And here a Series of 200 Kings have swayed their Scepters The Government of Schiras is one of the highest Commands for a Subject and is particularly famous for the most excellent Wines in all Persia Tavernier tells us That now it looks rather like a Town half ruined than a City And that there is a wonderful Well which is 15 years rising to the Top and 15 years falling or sinking to the Bottom Persepolis by the Greek and Latin Authors Elamis by the Persians and Oriental Nations when in its Perfection was the Metropolis of the World Totius Orbis Splendor when in its flourishing condition saith D. Siculus and Q. Curtius the Richest the Noblest and the Loveliest City under the Sun so beautiful and so stately in its Structure being most of Cedar and Cypress Wood the Order of Building so curious and regular as it was in that Age justly styled The Glory of the World. The Success Antiochus Epiphanes had at Jerusalem when he sacrilegiously ravished ten Tuns of Gold made him march to Persepolis with an Army in hopes of getting the greatest Exchequer in the World for though Babylon and Shushan were very Rich the one furnishing the Macedonian Victor with 50000 Talents the other with 9 Millions of Gold and 50000 Talents in Bullion yet in Persepolis there was found 120000 Talents or according to Strabo 32 Millions 750000 Pounds Time would fail me to mention the lofty Palace of the Persian Emperors which for Situation Prospect Richness in Materials and Curiosity of Art rendred it incomparable of that Majesty and Splendor as put the World's Conqueror into amazement at his entrance thereinto But alas this rich and famous City yea the Palace also was at a drunken Feast in a debauched Humor by the Instigation of Thais and at the Command of Alexander set all on Fire an Act which the great Prince would have quenched with his Tears but preceding Mischiefs are not amended by succeeding Lamentations But of
in the year 1486 was by them rejected who therefore sent his Brother to King Henry the Seventh of England which Messenger whether being taken Prisoner by Pyrates and detained along while or deferred at Court after his Address we find not certainly related but true it is that in the mean time Christopher Columbus conceiving the offer of his service neglected apply'd himself to the Court of Spain where after six years attendance he was at last furnished with three Ships only for discovery with which he sailed upon the Ocean more than sixty days and could see no Land so that the Spaniards began to mutiny and Columbus was forced to promise to return again if they could not see Land in three days time when toward the end of the third day one of 〈◊〉 pany descried Fire The place discovered was an Island on the Coast of Florida by the Natives called Gunahani now Salvador where landing his Men he took possession of this New World for Ferdinando King of Arragon and Isabella his Wife Queen of Castile October 11 1402. After whom John Cabâ—â— a Venetian in behalf of King Henry the Seventh of England in the year 1497 discovered all the North East Coast thereof from Cape Florida to the South beyond Newfoundland in the North causing the Royalers to turn Homagers to that King and to the Crown of England Next after him succeeded Americus Vespusius a Florâ—ntine employed by Emanuel the King of Portugal Anno 1501. upon a design of finding out a nearer way to the Moluccos than by the Cape of good Hope who though he passed no further than the Cape of Augustine on the Coast of Brasil yet from him this Country is called America As for this vast Tract of Ground in general it has the advantage of being temperate and fruitful by reason of its great and fair Rivers and the fresh Breezes that blow in the Torrid Zâ—â—e whereby we find that the cause of violent or remiss heats does not always proceed from the nearness or distance of the Sun but many times from the Situation of the place the disposal of the Mountains or Lakes the Quality of the Soil and the Nature of the Winds that blow The wealth of America is so vast that Spain has drawn and still draws from thence prodigious quantities of Gold and Silver and the Mines of Potasi have furnished him with many Millions There are no Treasures comparable to those related to be found in possession of Attabalippa and Guimacapa Kings of Peru and to the precious Houshold-stuff of the City of Cusco It was no extraordinary thing in the Reigns oâ— those Kings to behold Temples all plated with Silver and to see Houses covered with slates of Gold. The Spaniards affirm that their Kings Revenue amounts to above twelve Millions yearly by means of the Impositions which he lays upon goods transported thence as Gold Silver Pearls Emraulds Skins Sugar Tobacco Cochenille Sarsa-parilla Ginger and other things The first expence upon the discovery of America came but to fifteen thousand Ducats which were advanced to Columbus by the Spanish Secretary of State and not taken out of the Treasuries of the King. As for the Original of this People it is most probable that they did descend from the Tartars if so be that the West side of America be continent with Asia or disjoyned but by a very small strait as 't is described in some Maps But from whatsoever Root they did first come certain it is that they had setled here many Ages since and overspread all the parts and quarters of this large Continent But their numbers are much wasted since the Spaniards discovery for some Authors affirm that they put to death above fifteen Millions of Natives in less than fifty years and that the blood of those that perished in the Mines where they were forced to labour weighed more than all the Gold and Silver drawn from thence At the first Arrival of the Spaniards they found the People naked reasonably fair and clear little inclining unto that blackness which is natural to most of the Africans and to some of the Asiaticks that inhabit under the same Clime Ignorant they were of all things they had not seen wondering exceedingly at the Spaniards Ships and Horses and strangely admired to see them know the Health and Affairs of one another by reading a Letter yet 't is reported the Mexicans had some knowledge of the Deluge that they believed the Soul could not die and the Body should revive that those that lived honestly and justly or offered up their Lives for defence of their Country should find a place of everlasting peace and happiness So natural is the knowledge of the Souls Immortality and of some Vbi for the future reception of it They have as many Languages as Towns which may be the reason we have so little knowledge of their Original They are naturally active swift Runners and good Swimmers The Mexicans and Pernans were the only Americans that lived in Cities which Cities though founded by People which we call Savages were no way inferior to ours in Europe either for bigness or Magnificence The Spaniards possess the largest the richest and the most fertile Provinces among the rest Mexico and Peru formerly two famous Kingdoms the first Elective the other Hereditary and claim it all as their right by virtue of the donation of Pope Alexander the Sixth in the year 1493. But the other Nations would not give their consent The Portugueses have the Coast of Brasil The French have their Colonies in Canada in several Islands and upon the firm Land. The English are fairly seated all along the Coast of North America and in the Islands And of late the Dutch have gotten many places on the Continent and on the Islands For so rich a Prize could not be kept by the Spaniards who hoped indeed to have had a Monopoly of so wealthy a Country and to have enjoyed without a Rival the possession of so fair a Mistress The Seas that compass this Continent are on the East that commonly called the North Sea or Mar del Nort on the West the South Sea or Mar del Zur and on that part which hides its self under the Pole of the Erymanthean Bear to the South of the Straits of Magellan the North and South Seas meet and embrace together dividing it as is supposed from either Pole. Divided it is into two great parts or Peninsula's by the Isthmus of Panama viz. Mexicana on the North and Peruana on the South Of Peruviana or South America THIS Part of the two great Peninsula's into which the vast Continent of the New World doth now stand divided extends it self from about the twelfth Degree of the Equator North unto the four and fiftieth Southerly and is now by Geograghers divided into these Kingdoms or Parts viz. Castella del Or by some called Terra Firma Guiana The Amazons Peru Chili Brasil Peraguay or La Plata and Terra Magellanica It s
form approaches near a Triangle whose sides are almost equal It s situation is for the most part under the Torrid Zone the rest under the Antartick temperate Zone The Coasts of this part of the World are in part known to us but the Inlands very little And here I must beg pardon for my digression from the usual Order and Method of Geographers for being necessarily oblidg'd to wait upon some of our North American Proprietors for a more exact Description than what is generally extant And the haste of the Press pressing me for more Work I was forced to take this Course to begin at the most Southern part of America and to proceed to the more Northerly and so finish this Circle of Geography Come we therefore to TERRA MAGELLANICA By Rob Morden MAgellanica lies upon the South of America near the Streight of Magellan whose name it still retains though sometimes call'd the Country of the Patagâ—ns It is a very poor Country and subject to cold by reason of the high Mountains where the Snow lies almost all the year As for the Natives they live in Caves and adore the Devil that he may do them no harm The Spaniards English and Dutch have given various Names to the Places where they have been In the first part of the Reign of King Philip the Second the Spaniards built Câ—â—dâ—d deâ— Rey Philippe and several other Forts upon the Eastern Entrance in the Straits of Magellan to hinder their Enemies from passing that way but all signified little or nothing because of the wideness of the Streight and the whole Colony perished for want of Provisions For which reason that City was afterwards called the Port of Hunger Port Saint Julian where Magellan winter'd and punished his Mutineers Port Desire upon the Eastern Coast This Port otherwise called Bay de los Trabayos has an entrance about half a League broad with two little Islands and two Rocks which are not to be seen at high Water The Soil is a white Sand without Trees However there is fresh Water of which the Ships provide themselves that are bound toward the Streight Magellan Drake Cavendish Oliver of the North Maire Schouten and others have all passed the same Streight The relations of the Spaniards affirm that there are Men there ten foot high Those relations add Demi-Giants that will carry each of them a Tun of Wine c. They call them Patagons The English who lately passed the Magellan Streight report things quite contrary and say that the Natives of that Country are no bigger than our Europeans In the year 1669 his Majesty of Great Britan his Royal Highness the Duke of York and several others of the Nobility designed a better discovery of the Southern part of Chili In order whereunto were two Ships sent out the one called the Sweepstakes under the conduct of the adventurous and worthy Commander Sir John Narborough and the other the Batchelor who proceeding on their Voyage near the Streights of Magellan about Rio S. Julian losing one the other the Batchelor returned home with an apprehension that his Consort was lost But contrarily the Sweepstakes very honourably proceeded on her Voyage passed through the Streights into Mar-del Zur and failed all along the Coast of Chili unto Baldivia which is under the Command of the Spaniards who by a pretended friendship betrayed and detained four of the English all endeavors of Sir John for their relief being ineffectual he was forced to leave them behind and so he returned back through the Streights and in June 1671 came to London giving great hopes and expectation of a very advantageous Trade in those Parts by reason of the abundance of Gold and Silver in that Country Out of whose Journals I have taken these following Memorials That the difference of Longitude from St. Jago to Penguin Island was 46d 38 m and Meridian distant was 2321 Miles 7 / 10. Soals Bay in Latitude â—8 d 15 m at the North end of this Bay was a Rocky Island full of Seals therefore called Seals Bay. In Spiring Bay lie three Rocky Islands On the North side of Spiring Bay Penguin Island about a Mile and a half from the Main so full of Penguins that they knocked them down with sticks and are about the bigness of a Goose they cannot fly nor go very fast having no Wings but small Stumps that they swim with that they get their Food out of the Sea. Port Desire lies in the Latitude 47d 30 m and from St. Jago 46d 38 m Longitude where is six Fathom Water at low Water Northward Off Port Desire there lies a League of Rocks and are about a League from the Shore And on the South side is Penguin Island and just at the entrance of it on the South side is a spired Rock much like a Steeple or Watch Tower which is a good Mark and stands about ½ a Mile from the Sea side and the River runs up about thirty Miles A barren Land little Wood or fresh Water and no People were seen by the English There were great store of Weyetnacks or Spanish Sheep plenty of Hares and Estriches abundance of Ducks Mallards also Ducks Curlews Black-shanks White-breasts and great blew Ducks as big as Geese and store of Seals upon an Island up the River the English found a piece of Lead nailed to a Post and a Tin-Box with a Paper left by Captain Jagus Lamir dated December 8. 1615. It is high Water at twelve of the Clock upon the Full Moon or Change and at Spring Tides it Ebbs and Flows about three Fathoms right up and down the Harbors mouth is but narrow being about a Musket shot from side to side Port Julian lies in the Latitude of 49d 00 m A Mile within the Narrow there is nine Fathom Water at high Water and but four Fathom at low Water the Chanel going in lies S. W. and N. E. and when in the Harbor it lies S. S. W. and N. N. E. 'T is high Water at half an hour past eleven at full Moon or at Change the Water riseth and falls about four Fathom and a half In the Harbor there are several Islands and also two Ponds within a Bow-shot of the Water side the one is Salt Water the other Fresh The Harbor affords great store of Wild Fowl as at Port Desire And the Land Weyetnacks Estriches Hares c. Here were seen five or six Indians and about nine Miles W. from the Harbors Mouth was found a great large Salt Pond full of good Salt about three Miles long and one Mile in breadth Beach Head in Latitude 50l 00 m from which about ten Miles lies the Hill of St. Ives Cape Virgin in Latitude 52d 15 m South Latitude from the pitch of this Cape S. W. there lies a Beachy Point about a League into the Sea that has little Bushes growing upon the top thereof The first Narrow of the Magellan Streights which is about three Leagues in length and in the
narrowest part about one League over The Water deep no ground with forty fathom of Line At the Mouth of the entrance it was high Water at eight of Clock on the Full Moon and on the Change. The distance between the first and second Narrow is about ten Leagues and in breadth about six Leagues The second Narrow is about three Leagues in length and four or five Miles broad in which were Queen Elizabeths Island upon which were seen thirty Indians St. Georges Island St. Bartholomews Island c. About Port Famine the Hills are very high and covered with Snow but the Land towards the Water side was lower and full of good Timber Trees In Fortiscus Bay or Port Gallant Water floweth ten Foot and 't is high Water about ten of the Clock on the Full Moon About Cape Munday was observed sixteen or seventeen Degrees Variation and is about thirteen Leagues from Cape Desire The English went up Segars River by Boat about nine Miles and two by Land but could see no Inhabitants From Cape Blanko to the Lizard the difference of Longitude was found to be 60d 45 m 5 / 10 and Meridian distance eight hundred and forty Leagues The West Entrance of the Streights of Magellan is 5â— d of South Lat. and the East Entrance lies in 52d 20 m The length is an hundred and ten Leagues The breadth in some places two Leagues in others not two Miles over and is famous for the passage of Magellan Drake Cavendish Oliver Van North Scouton c. There is another passage between the South Sea and the Atlantick Ocean call'd Fretum le Maire found out in the year 16â—5 much more convenient than the former being about ten or twelve Leagues of length and breadth and then a large Sea formerly supposed to be Terra Australis or Terra Incognita That of Brewers discovered in the year 1643 hath the same advantages as that of La Maire CHILI and PARAGAY by Robt. Morden CHili bears the name of one of her Valleys though some say it is so called by reason of the cold weather in the Mountains which inviron it toward the North and East The difficulty of passing through these Mountains obliges the Spaniards to go by Sea when they have business at Chili They have possessed it ever since the year 1554 at which time they conquered it under one of the Almagres In some parts of this Country the Soil is so fertile and pleasant that no part of all America more resembles Europe It yields Ostriches Copper the finest Gold in the World and there are so many Mines that Chili is reckon'd but one plate of Gold which makes the King of Spain take more than ordinary care for its preservation So that it costs him more to defend that place than all the rest of America The cold is however so excessive that Almagre lost more Men and Horses by the Cold than by the Sword at the end of four Months after he invaded it the Inhabitants found some of his Horsemen that were dead and sate in a living posture as fresh as if they had but newly taken Horse Their Rivers run only in the day being frozen all the night long notwithstanding there are several Mountains that cast forth Fire The Spaniards have a Governor there who is under the Vice-Roy of Peru. The Savages being governed by their Captains The Arauques above all the rest made such a resistance that the Spaniards were forced to make a Peace with them in the year 1641. In all America there are no people more Valiant or more Warlike than those Arauques They know how to make Swords Muskets and Cuirasses as also how to range themselves in Battel to fight retreating to encamp to advantage to fortifie and to use Stratagems all which they learn by having seen but once They have often surpriz'd and ruin'd Cities massacred Garisons and demolished the Fortresses Araucho Puren and Tu-Capel In short an Arauque will not be afraid at any time to encounter a Spaniard St. Jago La Conceptio and Imperiale are the principal Cities of Chili La Conceptio is the Residence of the Governor by reason of the neighbourhood of the Arauques Valparaiso is an excellent Port for the City of Saint Jago Mocha five Leagues from the Continent is a little Island upon the Coast where the Ships oft-times take in fresh Water and whither many of the Inhabitants retired from the cruelty of the Spaniards La Sarena taken and fired by the Buccaniers It had seven Churches and one Chappel the Houses neatly furnished In the Gardens were Strawberries as big as Walnuts At Isle de Juan Fernandez in Latitude 3â— d 40 m neither Fowl nor Fish At El Guasco the Buâ—caniers got store of Sheep and Goats Lat. 28d 40m. Near Point St. Helena is a Rock which runneth into the Water for half a Mile distant about eight Leagues called Chanday where many Ships are lost Of Paraguay Rio de la Plata THE Name of Pâ—ata is common to the Country and to a great River that waters it 't was given there â—nto in consideration of the Mines and the Silver which they first got from thence The Country is very pleasant and delightful for it abounds in Corn Vineyards Fruit-trees and Cattel in abundance Assumption is the chief Place in the Country where the Spaniard keeps a Garison near to which is a great Lake in the midst whereof is a great Rock said to be two Fathom above the Water The true Paraguay lies towards the head of the River that bears the same name which in our Language signifies the River of Feathers Parana lies along by the River side wherein there are Cataracts or falls of Water above a hundred Cubits high Buenos Aires is one of the best Colonies by reason of its Commerce with Brasil from whence it receives the Merchandizes of Europe Which is the reason that invites the Spaniards thither from Potosi to exchange their Ingots for such necessaries as they want notwithstanding the rigorous Prohibitions of their King whose duties are lost by that means Chaco is a fruitful Country interlaced with many Rivers The Tobares were about fifty thousand and a valiant People The Chiraguanes will not suffer the Spaniards to live amongst them In this Country grow great Trees of which the Natives make Boats all of a piece They mark out their High-ways by the sellings of their Trees and in regard these Trees are some black some green some red some yellow the Forests afford a pleasant prospect The Orochons are remarkable for the bigness of their Ears According to the relations of the year 1627. there are in Plata a more civiliz'd People and more capable to learn our Arts and our Religion than in all the other parts of America For they say that according to a Tradition delivered to their Fathers by Saint Thomas whom they call St. Sume certain Priests shall come into their Country and instruct them in the way of their Salvation Tuâ—uman
Masters of the Country dividing it into several Parts or Provinces viz. New Galicia Guadalaira New Biscay Mexico Mechoacan Panuco Jucatan Guatimala Honduras Nicaregua Costaricca Veragua and others they have established Parliaments at Mexico Guadalaria and Guatimala New Mexico properly so called lying round about the City of Mexico is the best and best peopled part of all America that City suffered a dreaful loss in the year 1629 all the Dams and most part of the Houses being carried away by the violence of the Streams for it is situated upon a salt Lake about twenty five or thirty Leagues in compass into which falls another Lake of fresh Water and both together are forty five or fifty Leagues circuit in which are said to be fifty thousand Ferries continually rowing about to carry Passengers having about fifty Towns on their Banks some say eighty Towns many of them count five thousand Houses some ten thousand The salt Lake Ebbeth and Floweth according to the Wind yielding no kind of Fish In Mexico are said to be four thousand Spaniards and thirty thousand Indians it is the Residence of the Vice-Roy and Arch-Bishop Before the Spaniards took possession of the Country there were several considerable places near to Mexico The Siege of Mexico lasted about three Months wherein Cortez had near 200000 Indians nine hundred Spaniards eighty Horses seventeen or eighteen Pieces of Ordnance sixteen or eighteen Vergantines and at least six thousand Canou's where were slain fifty Spaniards six Horses and about eight thousand Indians on Cortez side Of Mexicans were slain 120000 besides those that dyed with Famine and Pestilence The Vergentines wherewith Cortez besieged Mexico by Water were brought by land in pieces from Tlaxcallen to Tezcuco and 400000 Men fifty days employed in the finishing of them and making a Sluce or Trench and lanching of them into the Lake At that Siege Montezuma the Emperor was taken by Cortez out of his own Palace and made Prisoner which caused the Mexicans to rebel against Cortez and the Spaniards and fought a fierce and bloody Battel two or three days together crying out for their Emperor whereupon Cortez desired him to go to the Window to shew himself and command his Subjects to cease their fury who so doing was hit on the Head with a Stone with which blow he fell down dead to the Ground and this was the end of that great Emperor who was of the greatest Blood and the greatest King in Estate that ever was in Mexico slain by his own Subjects against their wills in the City of his greatest Glory and in the custody of a foreign and strange Nation After the death of Montezuma they made Quabutamoc their Emperor and persisting in their furious Battery against Cortez his Palace caused him and all his Spaniards to flie out of Mexico But the Spaniards having made sixteen or eighteen Vergentines at Tlaxcallen and got new Supplies they again so besieged Mexico by Water and Land that it was reduced to great necessity with Hunger and Sickness and tho' in this extream misery yet they would not yield no not when they saw the Kings Houses burned and the greatest part of their City consumed so long as they could keep one Street Tower or Temple and though the Spaniards had won the Market-place and most of the City And tho' their Houses were full with dead Bodies and all the Trees and Roots gnawn by those hungry wretches that survived yet would they not accept of peace but desired death so that when the Spaniards thought there had not been five thousand in all the City yet were there that day slain and taken Prisoners 400000 Persons and Quahutamoc their King taken Prisoner who told Cortez he had done his best endeavor to save and defend himself and Vassals but considering you may now do what you please with me I beseech you to kill me which is my only request But Cortez comforted him with fair words and required him to command his Subjects to yield which he did And at that time after so many were slain and starved so many Prisoners taken yet there were about 700000 who threw down their Arms and submitted Thus did Cortez win the famous City of Mexico on the thirteenth day of August An. Dom. 1521. Chulula enclosed about twenty thousand Houses with as many Temples as there are days in the year And the Inhabitants sacrificed every year above six thousand of their Children to their accursed Idols Tezcuco was said to be as big as Mexico which was said to contain sixty or eighty thousand Houses and is famous among the Spaniards for that it was the first that received a Christian King Hâ—rnando son to Nezavalpincintli Cortez being his God Father Quaretaro had a Fountain out of which the Water floweth for four years together and the next four years seemed to be empty Los Angelos upon the Road from La Vera Cruz first built and inhabited in the year 1530 by Don Antonio de Mendoza Vice-Roy of Mexico famous for the Cloth that is there made as good as any in Segovia which is the best in Spain And a Glass House which is the rarity in all those parts It is a City containing six thousand Inhabitants to which there belongs a Bishoprick endowed with sixty thousand Crown a year Guacocinga is the chief Town between the City of Mexico and Los Angelos consisting of above five thousand Indians and one thousand Spaniards and is priviledged by the Kings of Spain for that it joyned with the Tlazcellans against the Mexicans Acapulco upon the South Sea is a well sheltered Bay distant from Mexico one hundred Leagues from hence the Spaniard drives a rich Trade to the Philippine Isles and to China from whence they are distant three thousand Leagues Jucatan is a Peninsula between two Gulphs where stands the antient Merida In Panueo the Castillians have only three Colonies of which Saint Steven del puerto is the Metropolis twelve Leagues from the Sea and a Town of great Traffick next is Saint Jago de los Vallos thirdly Lewes de Tempico They have Mines of Gold in the Country which are not wrought Salt-pits out of which they draw the greatest profit Mechoaian the Metropolis of the Province so called now the seat of the Arch-Bishop since removed from Valadolid seated upon a Lake as large as that of Mexico This Country is said to be so healthful and of so sweat an Air that Sick People come thither to recover their health Near Colima is found the Plant Cozometcath or Olcacazan which takes blood-shot from the Eyes preserves the strength of the Body cures the Tooth and Head-ach resists all poisons and is most excellent against all Diseases This Province is of a fertile Soil yielding great encrease of all sorts of Grain Fruits c. It produceth Cotton Amber-Greece Gold Silver Copper Black Stones so shining that they serve instead of Looking-Glasses store of Plants medicinal Herbs Silk Hony Wax c. It is well stored
Bodkins of their Horns Trumpets of their Bladders Vessels to keep Water in and their Dung when dried serves for Fire In Cibola Granada Acoma and some other places the Natives live in Fortresses upon the Mountains with Palisadoes and Moats calling their Villages by the names of their Cacicks which last no longer than their lives therefore to us uncertain The River of Nort which in all other Maps is made to fall into Mar del Vermejo or Mar del California falls with three Mouths into the Mexican Gulf. A Map of FLORIDA and the Great Lakes of CANADA By Robt. Morden FLorida was first discovered by the English under the Conduct of Sebastian Cabot 1479. Afterwards farther searched into by John Depony a Spaniard who took possession of it in the name of that King 1527 by him called Florida Its Coast is on the Gulph of Mexico which flows on its South it extends it self now from the River Palmas which bounds it on the Province of Panuco in New Spain unto Bay Saint Matheo on Mar del Nort between this Gulph and the Sea. Florida stretches out a Peninsula towards the South where the Cape of Florida is not distant from the Island Cuba above thirty five or forty Leagues Others only give the name of Florida to the Peninsula of Tegeste which advances to the South and contributes to form the Great Gulph of Mexico and the Chanel of Bahama The Air of Florida and Carolina is so temperate that Men live to the Age of two hundred and fifty years while the Children of five Generations are all alive at the same time The Soil is very fertile full of Fruit-Trees and the Towns the best peopled in all America The principal River is that of the Holy Ghost which falls into the Gulph of Mexico The Coast is very inconvenient for great Vessels by reason of the shallowness of the Water The Inland Country is possessed by the Savages under the Jurisdiction of Paroustis who are their Lords They are of an Olive Colour great Stature well proportionable their Hair black and long their Women of good shape and handsome they adore the Sun and the Moon and though they make War one with another nevertheless the Europeans cannot master them They have publick places where they meet for the distribution of Corn which they give to every Family that stands in need of it The Spaniards are possessed upon the Coast of Saint Austins and Saint Mathews two inconsiderable Colonies though there is a Castle belonging to each of them Saint Austin is of most consequence by reason of the Bahama through which the Spanish Fleets usually pass when they return from Havana into Europe The Situation of this County may be seen in the Map containing all those Lakes and Rivers of Canada as they have of late years been discovered by the French and English I had long waited for a new Description of the Country and of those vast Inland Seas and Rivers so advantagiously situated for Trade and Commerce that it must needs be one of the finest Plantations in the World. But at present the Proprietors and those that are concerned are not willing to publish any thing of it and therefore I must be silent A New Map of CAROLINA By Robert Morden CArolina about the year 1660 was by his Majesty the King of Great Britain c. united to his Imperial Crown and he by his Royal Grant established it a Province or Proprietorship dignified it a Principality and granted it by Patent to the Lord Chancellor Clarendon to the Lord Duke of Albemarle to the Earl of Craven to the Lord Ashley Cooper Earl of Shaftsbury to John Lord Barkley to Sir William Barkley and to Sir John Colleton Knight and Baronet to their Heirs and Successors c. It contains that part of the Continent of America which by the French was called Florida from her florid and fragrant Fields verdant Meadows delightful Savana's garded with stately Woods It extends it self from the River St. Matheo to Caratue inlet near Virginia In this large Tract of Land are many Navigable Rivers the chief whereof are Albemarle River Naratoke River Pentego River Neuse or Nus River Clarendon River Watere River Craven or Santee River Ashley River Cooper River Stono River Edisto River Colleton River Cambabe and Westro River May and Matheo River many safe commodious and spacious Harbors and for lesser Rivers and Brooks it hath innumerable It contains two principal settlements the one called Albemarle otherwise Roanoke situated in about thirty five Degrees of Northern Latitude from whence as good Beef and Pork have been stored and sent to other Plantations as Art and Industry can improve 't is a large and spacious settlement consisting at present of some two or three hundred upon a fertile Soil But the late and flourishing Plantation or Settlement lies more Southerly upon the Navigable Rivers of Ashley and Cooper known to the Natives by the Names of Wando and Kiawah Carolina is of a fertile and fruitful Soil where the Natives are a strong lively and well-shapen People well-humor'd and generally kind to the English They live a long and pleasant life taking little care for the future Their old Women plant their Mays And for the rest the Rivers afford them good Fish enough And in the Woods they have plenty of Provisions It s chief place is Charles Town Neither is the heat so sultry nor offensive as in places of the same Latitude of the old World nor is the Winter so pinching Yet enough to correct the humors of Mens Bodies to strengthen and preserve them in health and enough also to put such a stop to the Rise and Sap and the budding of Plants as to make them Bud and Blossom in their distinct Seasons and keep even pace till they be gathered Which makes it also proper for Wine and Oyl of both which they may in time have good quantities Liberty of Conscience is there allowed also but Atheism Irreligion and vitious Lives are condemned The English Proprietors have a Register of all Grants and Conveyances of Land to prevent Suits and Controversies And in sum their frame of Government is generally so well put together that judicious Men that have seen it say it 's the best for the People that live under it of any they have read To conclude here the Savana's are crowded with Deer large and stately Herds and Cattle parol the Meadows Here the pleasant Pastures abound with Sheep and Oxen the Fields are replenished with English and Indian Corn. The Gardens as in Asia and Europe are imbellished with the choicest Fruits and Flowers Here the Heavens shine with a Sovereign ray of Health a serene Air and a lofty Skie defends it from the noxious Infections and common Distempers that are incident to other parts of the World. In a word 't is a salubrious Air to the Sick a generous retirement and shelter to the injured and oppressed 'T is a Fund and Treasury to them that would
be Rich. A New Map of VIRGINIA By Rob t Morden NO sooner had Colonus alias Columbus made his prime discovery of the Western World when seconded by John Cabot a Venetian the Father of Sebastian Cabot in behalf by the incouragement and at the charges of Henry the Seventh King of England who in the year 1497 discovered all this Coast from the Cape of Florida in the South beyond New-found-land in the North as far as to the Latitude of 67 and half Causing the Sachims or Petit-Kings to turn Homagers to the King and Crown of England This discovery by the two Cabots Father and Son did first intitle he Crown of England to the right of that vast Tract of Land. This design was after seconded by Mr. Hare bringing thence certain of the said Petit-Kings who did homage to King Henry the Eight Rediscovered by the Direction and at the charge of Sir Walter Rawleigh Anno 1584 who sending Mr. Philip Amadas and Mr. Arthur Barlow did take possession thereof in Queen Elizabeths name in honor of whom he caused all the said Tract of Land to be called Virginia Some say it was so called by the Queen her self by the Natives called Apalchen but Virginia is now circumscribed by that space of Land that lies between Mary-land which bounds it on the North and Carolina on the South New-England New-York New-Jersey Mary-land Carolina and Pensilvania have since been separated from it by particular Patents and made distinct Provinces of themselves The entrance by Sea into this Country is by the Mouth of the Bay of Chesapeac between Cape Henry and Cape Charles The chief Rivers of Virginia are 1. Powhatan now called James River on the West side of the mouth of the Bay of Chesapeac this River is at its entrance about three Miles wide and Navigable about one hundred and fifty Miles 2. Pamaunkee termed York River fourteen Miles Northward from James River Navigable now sixty or seventy Miles but with small Vessels about thirty or forty Miles farther 3. Rappahanoc antiently known by the name of Toppahanoc Navigable about one hundred and thirty Miles Besides these Navigable and more principal Rivers there are other smaller Rivers and of less note which fall into some or other of the forementioned Into Powhattan falls Apumatuc Southward Eastward Quyonycahanuc Nunsamund and Chesopeac Northward Chickâ—mabania Into Pamuunkee fall Poyankatank That part of the Country now planted by the English is divided into Nineteen Counties viz. On the Eastern Shore the Country of Northampton in Acomack on the Western Shore the Counties of Caratuck Lower-Norfolk Nansemund Isle of Wight Surry Warwick Henrico James Charles York New-Kent Glocester Middlesex Lancaster Northumberland Westmoreland Rappahanock and Hartford Of the few Towns hitherto erected in this Colony the chief is James Town the principal seat of the English and so denominated from and in honor of King James of Great Britain This Town is situated in a Peninsula on the North-side of James-River and hath in it many fair Houses whereof some are of Brick and at a little distant from the City is a fair Brick House called Green-Spring whe e the present Governor himself usually resides The other English Towns of most considerable note are only three viz. Henricopolis or Henry's Town situated about eighty Miles from James's City farther within Land Dales Gift so named from Sir Thomas Dale Deputy-Governor in the year 1610 at whose charges it was built and planted and Elizabeth's City containing several good Houses of Brick and Stone and lying on the same side of the River with James's City only nearer the mouth of the River Though English and other Foreign Coyns are not wholly wanting here upon several occasions yet the usual way of Traffick is by exchange of one Commodity for another but the general Standard by which all other Commodities receive their value is Tobacco which of all other Commodities this Country is capable of producing hath been hitherto the Subject of the Planters Industry of which there are two sorts one called Sweet-Scented the other called Oranoac which signifies as much as bright and large the first is of the greatest price the other more in quantity The Plantations that are judg'd to produce the best sort of Sweet-Scented are upon York River Of this Commodity of Tobacco there is so great a quantity planted in Virginia and imported from thence into England that the Custom and Excise paid for it in England yields the King about 50000 or 60000 Pound Sterling yearly for there are bound hither every year above one hundred and fifty Sail of Ships from England and other English Plantations merely for the taking off of this Commodity which they barter for Clothing Houshold-Stuff and all manner of Utensils and the only thing which lessens the value of it is the great quantity that is planted of it which if it were in less abundance it would be of much more esteem and yield far greater profit The Government of Virginia is by a Governor and Council deputed and authorized from time to time by the King of Great Britain the Legislative Power being in the Governor and a General Assembly which he calls to advise with and which consists of two Houses the upper House which is the Council it self and the lower which consists of chosen Bugâ—sses The chief Court of Judicature where all Civil and Criminal Causes are heard and determined and where the Governor and Council are Judges is called the Quarter-Court as being held every quarter of a year There are also Inferior Courts which are kept every Month in each of the forementioned Counties where matters not of the highest moment that is to say not relating to Life or Member or exceeding a certain limited value are tried and from whence in such Cases Appeals are made to the Quarter Courts There are likewise appointed by the Governor for the better administration of Justice in every respective Country Sheriffs Justices of Peace and other Officers of whom being deputed by the Governor to sit there these Country-Courts chiefly consist The Climate of Virginia is generally healthful and since the rectification of Diet and Lodging not disagreeable to English Bodies however at the first Plantation they were subject to a Distemper called a Seasoning though of late not frequent and much less mortal A Description of Mary-Land MAry-Land is a large and fertile Province lying between thirty eight Degrees and forty Degrees of North Latitude upon both sides of Cheasa-peak-Bay which is Navigable near two hundred Miles The Southerly Banks of the River Patow-meck divide it from Virginia on the South The Atlantick Ocean and Delaware Bay bounds it on the East Pensilvania on the North and the Meridian of the first Fountain of the River Patow-meck on the West This Province of Mary-Land his Majesty King Charles the First Anno 1632 granted by Patent to the Right Honourable Caecilius Calvert Lord Baltemore and to his Heirs and Assigns and by that Patent created him and
and the said Edward Byllynge that a partition should be made thereof The which was accordingly done by Deed interchangeable enroll'd which Partition begins on the West side of a certain place upon the South Sea call'd by the Name of Little Eag Harbor and which runs from thence by a streight Line to the most Northerly Extent of the whole Premises Upon which Partition it was agreed that Carterets part should be call'd the Province of the East New Jarsey and Byllynges part should be call'd the Province of West New Jarsey East Jarsey is bounded from the Line of Partition Eastward part with the Main Ocean and part with Hudsons River which separates it from New York And West Jarsey from the said Partition Line expands it self Southward and Westward unto that famous Bay and River of Delaware which also separates that Province from Pensilvania in which Bay and River it s well known Ships of the greatest Burden may Ride at Anchor and pass with safety a hundred Miles up into the Country And in which River from the Mouth of the Bay are not less than twenty Creeks and Harbors some whereof issuing five ten fifteen if not twenty Miles into the Province The Partition being thus made of the two Provinces The Government of West Jarsey was thereupon given and granted by the present King when Duke of York unto the abovenamed Edward Byllynge and his Heirs with the same Jurisdictions Powers Authorities and Government as fully and amply to all intents and purposes as the same was granted to him his Heirs and Assigns by the late King his Brother who was also pleas'd to approve thereof by Publication under the Royal Signet and Sign Manual Thereby and therein commanding the present and future Inhabitants within the Limits of the said Province to yield all due Regard and Obedience unto him the said Edward Byllynge as their Governor and to his Heirs Deputies Agents c. This Province from the Mouth of Delaware Bay along by the Sea side to the Line of the Partition appears in the Map to be about sixty Miles in breadth And from the Mouth of the said Bay to the Head or most Northerly Branch of the River of Delaware likewise appears to be about two hundred and fifty Miles in length This Province is divided into one hundred Shares or Proprieties as may be seen by the Registred Deeds of every person or persons who have already purchased a whole or part of a Propriety joyntly with others which Register is kept by Herbert Springet in George yard in Lumbard-street London unto whom any persons who are minded to buy one or more Proprieties may repair The said Edward Byllynge having above twenty of those hundred yet to sell As to the Government out of each Propriety a Free-holder is to be Annually chosen by the Inhabitants thereof and to Meet and Sit as a General Assembly upon a day certain every year which with the Governor or his lawful Deputies are the Legislative Power of the Province to make and alter Laws in all times coming But not contrary or in any wise repugnant to Liberty of Conscience in Matters of Faith towards God or the Religious Exercise thereof Liberty and Property both as Men and Christians being establish'd in West New Jarsey by an irrevocable Fundamental Law never to be extinguish'd or invaded by any subsequent Law hereafter to be made whatsoever As also not any the least Tax Talledge Subsidie Rates or Services to be imposed upon the People but by the consent of these their Representatives in the General Assemblies The Towns and Plantations already settled in this Province for the most part are upon that Noble and Navigable River of Delaware or upon some Creek or Harbor contiguous thereunto or upon the South Sea. And upon both are the like conveniencies for thousands of more Families It s chief Towns and Rivers are noted in the Map And it certainly enjoys all the advantages that the other parts do The Description of East New Jarsey THE Province of East New Jarsey lies next to New York Southwestward having on the South the Main Ocean on the East that well-known Bay for Shipping within Sandy Hooke to the North part of the Province of New York and New Albany and is bounded by that vast Navigable Stream called Hudsons River to the forty one Degree of Northern Latitude and from thence crossing over in a streight Line extending to the most Northern Branch or Part of Delaware River then to the West West Jarsey from which divided by a partition Line it takes its beginning from a place upon the South-Coast called Little Egg-Harbor and so runs in a streight Line to the aforesaid Northernmost Branch of Delaware River This Province is very pleasant and healthful a great part of the back Land lying high As to the Trees Fruits and most other products it s not inferiour to any of the neighbouring Colonies And for the fertility of Soil fresh Water-Rivers Brooks and pleasant Springs it is highly esteemed The Country along Rariton-River is a place so delightful and fruitful that Ogilby in his Volumn of America folio 181 182 many years ago has given the World an extraordinary account thereof The Situation of this Province has a very great and apparent advantage for it lies even in the Center of all the English Plantations on that Continent near to an equal distance from the South-parts of Carolina and the North of Pemaquid the aforesaid Bay of Sandy-Hooke being very notable both for the conveniency and security of any number of Ships And the Sea-Coasts of this Province are very commodious both for Trade and Fishing especially the Whale Fishing Within the said Bay upon the North side of the Mouth of Rariton River there is an excellent Tract of Ground called Amboy Point where a Town or City is building called Perth In which Town several good Houses are already built and inhabited and more daily are building by the Proprietors and others that are come to settle there Nothing can be better and more advantagiously situated than this place for a Town of Trade which lies about sixteen Miles within the aforesaid Bay into which there may go in Ships of the greatest Burden and come out again at all Seasons as well in Winter time as in Summer and lie safe in Harbor without any inconvenience of Winds or Tydes and close to the Wharf before the Houses in this Town of Perth can lie Ships of three or four hundred Tun with their fasts on Shore at low Water There is besides the forementioned New Town seven Towns more built in this Province viz. Elizabeth Town Newark Woodbridge Piscataway Bergen Middletoune and Shrewsbury in which and in the out Plantations many thousand People are setled who possess their Lands c. some by purchase most upon very easie Rents payable to the present Proprietors there being all sorts of excellent â—ands undisposed of enough to plant many more thousands of Families who shall desire
May 28 they arrived at Greenland and met with eleven Sail of Dutch fishing in Hornfound whom they forced away and took from them all they caught and also the English that were in their Ships and made 1900 Tuns of Oyl and discovered Wyâ—hes Island in seventy nine Degrees There are some Discoveries of Land which cannot be said to belong to any of the four grand Divisions being separate 〈◊〉 Seas of vast extent viz. New Guinea towards the Equator so called because thought to be opposite to the African Guiny New Zelanâ— the Antipodes almost to â—ngland discovered first by Fernando de Quier but both of the East India Companies in Holland now pretend to it tho' they were but ill used when they attempted to settle themselves there About three hundred Leagues from it lies another Tract of Land called Antony Van Diemens Land discovered by the Dutch. The Land of Parrats if any such was part of Terra Australis incognita In the year 150â— one Gonneuille a Frenchman sailed thither and was well entertained by a petty King called Arosea Who also brought away with him some of the Natives amongst the rest the Kings Son Essomeric of whose Race there are some yet in Normandy saith Du Val. New Holland is so highly esteemed by the Dutch that they have caused the Map thereof to be cut in the Stones of their Magnificent State-house though I could not afford one Map for it here It is a Tract of Land containing about 1600 Leagues Not far from Greenland lieth Cherry Island thirty Degrees to the North Eastwards whereof saith our Sea Waggoner is the Island of Nova Zembla and twenty Leagues to a Degree is the Scale made in the Chart so that thirty multiplied by twenty makes six hundred Leagues which is three hundred more than the true distance This also is certain that in all the Land Maps that I have seen it is laid down above one hundred and twenty and 50 Leagues Eastwards farther than it ought to be And I have the rather instanced in this particular for that I have reason to think that this was the chief cause of the misfortune of that venturous and worthy design of Captain Wood in his Attempt for a N. E. passage to China I cannot also but mention the Opinion of some who tell us that Nova Zembla is the Isle Carambice of the Antients from whence Men may go upon the Ice as far as Greenland and further so that its thought that the people that first inhabited America went over this way The Land of Jesso lies between Asia and America where they are separated by great and wide Arms of the Sea tho' others think they excur and meet almost together and by this way was America first peopled but utrum horum mavis accipe The Inhabitants of Jesso exchange their Fish their Tongues their Whales Oyl in the Cities of Japan which are next to them The Planks of their Barks are not nailed but sowed together with Ropes made of the Rinds of Cocos The Relations of the Dutch in the year 1643 tells us that part of the Country acknowledges the King of Japan and that the Governor who resides at Mâ—zimay carries him every year Silver Feathers of sundry Colours and fine Furs Thus briefly have I described all the most known parts of the Earth but must leave that of the unknown to the discovery of future Ages only give me leave to say a word or two to our English Planters c. And I have done To advance an happy Plantation the Undertakers Planters and Place it self must contribute their Endeavors Let the Undertakers be Men of no shallow Heads nor narrow Fortunes such as will be contented with their present loss to be Benefactors to Posterity Let the Planters be Honest Skilful and Painful People for what hope is there that they who were Drones at home will be Bees abroad Let the Place be naturally strong or at leastwise capable of Fortification for though at first Planters are sufficiently fenced with their own Poverty yet when once they have got Wealth they must get Strength to defend it Islands are easily shut whereas Continents have their Doors ever open not to be bolted without great charges Let not the Towns where there is choice of Ground be built in places of a servil nature as being over-awed or commanded by some Hills about them Let it have some Staple Commodity to ballance Traffick with other Countries few Countries can stand alone the Luxury of our Age hath made superfluities necessary Let the Planters endeavor to be loved and feared of the Natives using Justice and Honesty being as naked in their dealings with the Natives as they are naked in their attire imbracing all occasions to convert them each Convert is a Conquest and it is more honour to overcome Paganism in one than to destroy a thousand Pagans for an extirpation of the Natives is rather a supplanting than planting a New Colony I am confident said Dr. Fuller long since that America is now grown Marriagable and hopes to get Christ for a Husband by the preaching of the Gospel I shall only add that no Nation hath spread her Sails for Traffick further than the English And that our Foreign Plantations upon the Asian African and American Continents are so many and so conveniently seated that no Christian Nation hath opportunity of piercing deeper into those vast Heathenish Islands than the English And yet can we say we have improved the Advantages God hath put into our hands to his glory and the propagation of his Gospel have we made so much as one solemn Mission of Pious and Learned Men to preach the glad Tidings of Salvation in Jesus Christ so much as to those ignorant Heathens and Idolaters that confine upon the English Pale yea or the poor Negros that are detained in cruel slavery in our own Plantations I cannot say what Glory and Advantage this would be to the English Nation Pardon me therefore Great Sirs the Proposal of his to your pious considerations whom it doth most concern For your faithful management of the opportunities intrusted to you for the Service of God and the enlargement of his Kingdom at home and abroad you may be assured will not only make an Accession of Renown and Honor to your selves and generous Families but bring in also eternal prosperity and Happiness from God the Father and from the Lord Jesus Christ As I pray God it may Amen FINIS