he had saide thus he pulled vp his gowne lyke a man beside hymselfe and gyrded it that he might the better stirre his handes he stoode ouer the Litter as from a Tabernacle looking into it and epening it and firste sang his Himne as to a God in heauen And to confirme he was a God he held vp his hands and with a swift voice he rehearsed the warres the fights the victories the nations that he had subdued to his Countrey and the great â—ooties that he had sent making euery one to be a maruell Then with a continuall crie This is the only vnconquered of all that euer came to hanâ—s with hym Thou quoth he alone diddest reuenge thy countrey being iniured 300. years those fierce nations that onely inuaded Rome only burned it thou broughtest them on their knées And when he had made these and many other inuocations he tourned hys voice from triumphe to mourning matter and began to lament and mone him as a friend that had bin vniustly vsed did desire that be might giue hys soule for Caesars Then falling into moste vehement affections vncouered Caesars body holding vp his vesture with a speare cut with the woundes and redde with the bloude of the chiefe Ruler by the which the people lyke a Quire did sing lameÌ„tation vnto him and by this passion were againe repleate with ire And after these spéeches other lamentations wyth voice after the Country custome were sung of the Quires and they rehearsed again his acts his hap Then made he Caesar hymselfe to speake as it were in a lameÌ„table sort to howe many of his enimies he hadde done good by name of the killers themselues to say as in an admiratioÌ„ Did I saue them that haue killed me This the people could not abide calling to remembraunce that all the kyllers only Decimus except were of Pompeys faction and subdued by hym to whom in stead of punishment he had giuen promotion of offices gouernments of prouinces armies thought Decimus worthy to be made his heyre son by adoption and yet coÌ„spired hys death While the matter was thus handled and like to haue come to a fray one shewed out of the Litter the Image of Caesar made of ware for hys vody it selfe lying flat in the Litter could not be séene Hys picture was by a deuise turned about .xxiij. wouÌ„ds wer shewed ouer al his body his face horrible to behold The people séeing this pittifull picture coulde beare the dolour no longer but thronged togyther and beset the Senate house wherein Caesar was kylled and set it a fyre and the kyllers that fledde for their liues they ranne and sought in euery place and that so outragiouslye both in anger and dolour as they kylled Cynna the Tribune being in name lyke to Cynna the Pretor that spake euill of Caesar and wold not tarry to heare the declaration of his name but cruelly tore him a peeces and lefte not one parte to be put in graue They caried fire against other mens houses who manlye defending themselues and the neighbours entreating them they refrayned from fyre but threatned to be in armes the next day Wherefore the strikers hid themselues and fled out of the Citie The people returned to the Litter caried it as an holye thing to be buried in an holy place among the Gods but bicause the Priests did deny it they brought hym againe into the common place where the Pallaice of the old Kings were and there with al the bourds tymber which they could find in the place which was muche beside that euery man broughte of himselfe with garlandes and other gifts of priuate persons makyng a solemne shew they buryed the body and abode al night about the fyre In the whiche place at the first was made an Altare but nowe there is a temple of Caesar where he is thought worthy diuine honors For his son by electioÌ„ Octauius taking the name of Caesar disposing the state after his example which then takyng the beginning he excéedingly aduancing to the degrée it is now did thinke his father to deserue honors equall with the Gods the which at this time hauing their originall y Romaines now vse to giue the same to hym that ruleth the estate vnlesse he be a Tyranne or diffamed at his death that in olde tyme could not suffer the name of a Kyng alyue Thus Caesar was killed on the day which they cal the Ides of Marche whiche daye of the Moneth the Soothsayer sarde hée shoulde not passe at the whiche he in the morning mocked him saying the Ides be come to whome he aunswered boldlye againe but they be not yet gone Thus hée despising as well the foresayings of this constaÌ„t Soothsayer as all other tokens spoken of before went abroad was killed y lvj yere of his age A man most happy fortunate in al his noble actions and most like vnto Alexander the great for they both were very ambitions and valiant and swifte to execute their enterpryses in perils moste bolde of their bodies most carelesse and did not more trust in Soldiours seruice than in courage and fortune of the which the one in the heate of sommer through places voide of water went to Ammon and ranne ouer the gulfe of Pamphilia of the crosse surgyng Sea fortune staying the ragyng waues whiles he passed and sendyyg hym rayne when he wente by lande he assayde the Indian Sea that was not Nauigable He was the firste that scaled a town and alone mounted the enimies wall alone receyued .xiij. wouÌ„des on his body euer inuincible and alwayes getting victory at the first or the second Battayle He subdued manye barbarous nations in Europe and ouercame the Grecians a valiant people and louing libertie and before him obeying none but Philip that a litle whyle for an honour to appeare in his feates of warre Asia as a man may say he ranged all ouer and briefely for to tell his fortune and Empire as much land as he saw he gotte And conceyuing and determining a Conquest of the rest in his mind he was destroyed To Caesar the Ionian sea gane place in the middest of winter and shewed it selfe cauline to his nauigation He also sayled the Bryttaine Ocean not attempted before and fallyng vpon the rockes of Englande he had the shipmayster runne a shore and â—itte their shippes In an other sea striuing with the streame alone in the night in a little boate he badde the Mayster let the sayles go to the winde and trust more in Caesars fortune than in the Sea. Against his enimses alone he hath lepte many tymes and all the reste haue bin afraide He alone did fighte with the Frenche thirtie times til he had subdued fourtie nations of theÌ„ whiche were so terrible to the Romaines as olde and holy men by lawe were priuiledged from warre except when the French enimie
Citie of that execration Hée made Emilius Lepidus Gouernoure of the Citie and Marcus Antonius the Tribune of Italy and the confederate army in it Abroade hée sent into Sicilie Curio to succéede Cato Quintus to Sardinia Cneus Antonius to Illiria and to France within the Alpes he appoynted Licinius Crassus He commaunded two legions of yong souldyers to be ready with spéede and to lye at the coastes both of the Tuscane and Venetian seas to whome for Captaines by the sea hée sent Hortensius and Dolabella Caesar hauing thus made Italy too strong for Pompey to enter he went into Spayne and at his firste encountring with Afranius and Petreius Lieutenantes to Pompey he séemed too weake Then they ioyned togyther more at hande aboute the Citie â—â—erda Caesar lay in barraine rockey places and was fayne to fetch hys victuals by the passage of the riuer Sypris a sodayne floud came and bare away the bridge whereby a great number lest in the straytes were slayne of Petreyus and Caesar himselfe with hys other army was much molested with the harde place with hunger sharpe season and with his enimies so as he was little better than besieged there til the sommer came Afranius Petreyus went into the furder parte of Spaine to gather another armye Caesar preuented them stopping their passage and compelled theÌ„ to retyre from whence they came In doing of thys he compassed a parte of their army that came to take vp grounde for their campe They helde their shieldes to their heades which is a token of yelding Caesar neyther toke them nor hurt them but suffered them vntouched to goe to Afranius and by such meane he wanne his enimyes harts in all places Hereof was manye conuenticles among the souldiers and talke of reconciliation by the whole multitude Wherevppon it séemed good to Afranius and some other to leaue Spaine to Caesar and to depart safe to Pompey but Petreius was agaynste it and ranne among the souldiours and killed them that made those metings for Caesar and were come from him and killed one of hys owne Captaines also that would haue stayed his furye Wherfore they were the more in their mindes inclined to Caesar so gentle and offended with Petreius that was so passionate After that Caesar kept water from them and Petreius being in necessitie came with Afranius to a parlée with Caesar both armies beholdyng them They agréede to leaue Spayne to Caesar and that he shoulde conuey them safe to the floud Varus and from thence to suffer them to goe to Pompey When Caesar was come to that floude he called all the Romaine and Italian souldiours thus spake vnto them Enemyes for vsing that name to you I shall the better declare my minde neyther dyd I dyspatche you when you were sente to gette ground for your Campe and yelded your selues to me neyther dyd I hurt an other parte of your army whoÌ„ I helde from water although Petreius did distray myne whom he toke at the floud Sicâ—rie If I haue any thankes of you for the same shewe it then to al them that serue in Pompeys campe When he had thus sayd he sent them fréely away and appointed Quintus Cassius to the gouernement of Iberia Thus Caesar began In Lybia Actius Varus was Lieuetenant for Pompey and Iuba king of Mauritania did assist him Curio sayled against them out of Sicelie with two whole Legions twelue Galleyes and many shippes of burden landing at Vtica He skyrmished wyth certayne Numidian horsemen and put them to flight He would néedes be called generall Captaine his army beyng yet but entring into armes This honor is giuen to Captaines and the name commeth from the Souldiours as witnesies to them to be worthy to be such generals and thys honour the Captaines in olde tyme obtained after all and many great aftayres Now as I heare the limitation to thys title is to ouerthrowe tenne thousande men Whiles Curio was comming by shippe from Sicelie they that were in Lybia thinking that he for the glorye of the name would encampe at a place called Scipios tentes as one that had emulatioÌ„ of his renoune they poysoned the water and were not deceyued of their hope for Curio lodged there and by and by the army was sicke They that drunk had their fight daseled as in a cloude and heuynesse of sléepe in the head many vomites of theyr meate and a shrincking ouer all their body Wherefore Curio remoued to Vtica it selfe leading his army féeble for sickenesse by a great and strong marish grounde but when they heard of Caesars victory in Spaine they toke courage agayne and placed themselues nigh the sea in a steyght waye they foughte fiercely there Curio loosing but one man and Varâ— sixe huÌ„dred and many moe wounded King Iuba coÌ„ming forth a false rumour was raysed that at the floude Bagrada not farre off he returned backe bycause hys Kyngdome was inuaded of hys neyghbours leauing hys Licuetenaunt Saburra wyth a fewe at the floude Curio gyuing credite to thys talâ— in the seruente heate at the thirde houre of the day led the vest parte of his armye against Saburras through sandy and deserte drye places For if there were any winter brooke it was dryed vp by the heate of the sunne and the floud was kept of Saburra and the king himselfe yet still present there Curio ranne vp to the hill toppes choked with thirst heate When the enimies sawe him so euill bestadde they passed the riuer boldely with a readinesse to fyght Curio very vnwisely and vnskilfully wyth his weake army being compassed with the Numidian horsemeÌ„ came downe and for a time gyuing place broughte his menne within a little compasse but beyng ouercharged hée fledde agayne to the hyll toppes Asinius Pollio at the beginnyng of thys businesse with a fewe fledde to the campe at Vtica least Varrus shoulde attempte any thyng by the noyse of this euill fortune Curio made a desperate fighte and was killed with all that were with him so as there was not one left to goe to Pollio to Vtica This was the ende of the fighte at the floudde Bagrada Curios head was cutte off and brought to Iuba When this mischaunce was knowne to the army at Vtica Flamma the Admirall fledde with hys nauie before hée receyued any man from the lande Asinius tooke a boate and wente to the Merchauntes that were at the porte and prayed them to receyue hys armie and conuey them away Some of them in the nighte came for warde for thys purpose and the Souldiours wente on with suche number as some botes were drowned and they that were vppon the Sea and had money the Merchauntes threwe them into the same for couetousnesse thereof This was their happe vppon the Sea whiche was littell better by lande to them that were lefte all that nyght who in the mornyng yéelded to Varâ— But Iuba came and sette them
Pompey and hearing of Caesars sacrifices and the differing of the Senate were in greate doubte and one that was there tooke Casca by the hande and sayde vnto hym woulde you kéepe it from me that am your friende Brutus tolde me Casca was in a sodayne passion that he knewe it then he saite more to hym simlyng where wyl you haue money for your office of Edilis and Casca tolde him Brutus and Cassius beyng togither and in talke one of the Senators Publius Laenas sayde hée wished well to that they had in their mindes and exhorted them to dispatch it They being much amazed helde their peace for anguishe As Caesar came forth one of hys familiars vnderstanding of the conspiracie and vsing to tel what hée hearte wente to Calphurnia and saide onelye thys bycause the matter touched Caesar much he would tarry til he came from the Senate for he knew not al that was wrought against him And one Artemidorus that was his hoste in Guido ranne vnto the Counsell house and found hym newe slaine Of another a booke of the Conspiracie was deliuered as he made haste into the Senate whiche was founde againe in hys hande when hée was dead And came out of his Litter Laenâ— that had wished wel before to Cassius came vnto hym and talked verye earnestlye wyth him the sight wherof did trouble theÌ„ and the length of the talke made them winke one at another to dispatche themselues before they should be taken But perceyuing by the manner that Laena was liker to speake for himselfe and make supplication than to bewray them they stayed and in the ende when they saw hym giue humble thankes they were encouraged againe It was the custome that Rulers of the Citie shoulde sacrifice when they went to the Senate And agayne in Caesars firste sacrifice there was no harte or as some say no heade of the entrailes and wheÌ„ the Diuinor said it was a signe of death hée smiled and sayde so it was in Spaine when I ouerthrewe Pompey and the Diuinor aunswering that then he was in perill indéede and nowe the token was more manifest Caesar bad hym sacrifice againe nothing appearing better than it was being ashamed y he made y Senate tarry for hym being hastned of his enmies as though they had bin friâ—ds in dispight of his enimies he went in For it must needes come that was determined They left Trebonius to entertaine Antony without the dores and when Caesar was sâ—â—â— hys seate they stoode aboute him as hys friends with weapons hid and first Attilius Cymber stood before him made sute for hys brothers returne that was banished Caesar being against it vtterly denying it hée tooke hym by the purple robe as he would haue made more sute he rufded the garment and pulled it ouer his necke crying Why staye you O frieÌ„ds Casca came ouer his head first thrust his dagger at his throat which missing hit him on y breast Caesar twitching his gown froÌ„ Cimbro catching Casca by y hand flung froÌ„ his seate with great violeÌ„ce layd hold vpon Casca Whiles he was doing this wrestling with him another stroke him on the side that laye open and Cassius hurte him in the face and Brutus on the thyghe and Bucolinus betwéene the shoulders yet Caesar with rage and reare like a wilde beaste stepped to euery of theÌ„ but after Brutus had hurt him as thoughe then hée had dispaired he wrapte himself in his gowne and fell comely before the picture of Pompey and they when he was downe vsed such despite as they gaue him three and twentie woundes and many were so hastie that they hurte one another When this act was done by these murderers in a sacred place vpon a sacred and inuiolate man by and by there was fléeing from the Senate house and about all the Citie and in the tumulte some Senatours were hurt and other men were killed and there was muche slaughter done both of Citizens and straugers not of purpose but as happeneth in such a Ciuill stir when one commeth vpoÌ„ another ignorauntly The sworde players that had bene in armour from the morning for the shewe of certaine playes ranne from the game place to the barres of the Senate house the people that came to the playes driuen into a feare fledde away shoppes were spoyled al dores were shutte and preparation made for defence from the house toppes Antony went to his owne house entending to take aduice for this case of Caesars Lepidus the Captaine of horsemen being in the coÌ„mon place and hearing what was done ranne to the I le within the Cytie where he had a legion and brought them abroade to be ready at Antonies commaundement For he did cleaue to Antony as Caesars friende and chiefly as Consull Being mette togyther they had greate desire to reuenge Caesars death that thus was handled They feared the Senate woulde take the killers parte therfore they would stay to consider of it There were no souldiours about Caesar for he delighted not in a garde but only vsed the Sergeants of his aucthoritye and when he wente from his house to the Senate he was wayted on with manye of the magistrates and great number of people as wel Citizens as straungers and of seruauntes and frée men in great multitude all the which fléeing away by heapes only thrée seruauntes taried which layd his body in the litter Thus thrée men not suteable did carie him home that a little before was Lorde of sea and lande The murderers woulde haue sayde somewhat in the Senate house but no maÌ„ wold tarry to heare They wrapt their gowns about their left armes as Targets and hauyng their daggers bloudy cryed they had kylled a king and a Tyranne and one bare an hatte vpon a speare in token of Libertie Then they exhorted them to the common wealth of their countrey and remembred olde Brutus and the oth made againste the old Kings Some went among them shewing their daggers who though they were not at the fact yet woulde they haue parte of the prayse as Lentulus Spintor Fauorinus Aquinus Dolobella Murcus and Peticus who wer not then partakers of the glorie but afterwarde tasted of the punishment with the offenders The common people came not to them which made them the more doubtful and in feare As for the Senate although for ignoraunce and tumult they were fled yet they had good truste in theÌ„ as in their kinsefolkes and friends and such as could as euil beare Tirannie as they but the people they suspected and as many as had serued Caesar in warre whereof there were not a fewe then present in the Citie some discharged of the warfare were appointed to habitations and some that had bin at their dwelling places were now come again to go the iourney wyth Caesar They were afrayde also of Lepidus and his army in the
and entred Syria and Macedonia And thus they wroughte When Dolobella hadde kylled Trebonius in Asia and Antonie hadde ouercome Decimus in Celtica the Senate being offended did decrée Antonie and Dolobella to be enimies and restored Brutus and Cassius to their former prouinces and added to Brutus Illyria commaunding al other that were rulers of the Romaine dominion as well of prouinces as armies to obey Brutus and Cassius After this Cassius preuented Dolobella entring into Syria vsed the tokens of that office and gathered twelue legions that for the moste parte hadde serued and bin trained vnder Casus Caesar one of the whiche Caesar hadde lefte in Syria to goe to the war against the Parthians The charge of this had Secilius Bassus but the dignitie Sextus Iulius hadde a yong man and Caesars kinsman who being lasciuious and suffering the legion to fall to riot Bassus reproued him wherefore he fell out with Bassus and called hym rascall and after waxing more disobedient Bassus commaunded hym to be broughte of the Sergeants whereof a tumulte growing and Bassus beyng in daunger to be killed the armye not abiding that disorder killed Iulius of the whiche repenting them by and by and fearing Caesars displeasure they agréed togither that vnlesse they had forgiuenesse they woulde fyght til death and to this they compelled Bassus getting an other legion they trained them with the which they valiaÌ„tly ouercame Sextius Murcus sente againste them with thrée legions from Caesar To Murcus came in aide Minutius Crispus from Bythinia with thrée other legions and besieged Bassus with sixe legions Cassius comming in reliefe of Bassus receiued hys armye fréely by and by and after Minutius and Murcus deliuering to hym their legions for goodwill they obeyed him in all thinges as y Senate coÌ„mauÌ„ded Albinus being sent of Dolobella brought oute of Aegipt foure legions of the remnaunt of Pompeius and Crassus discomfiture which of Caesar were left with Cleopatra Cassius set vpon him in Palestina knowing nothing of these chaunces so sodainely that he compelled him to deliuer his armye being afraide with foure legions to fyght againste eight Thus Cassius beyond al expectation was Lord of twelue legions and manye of the Parthian archers on horsebacke came to serue Cassius hée being known among them when he was an officer in Crassus campe Dolobella remained about Ionia dispatching Trebonius and putting tributes vpon the Cities and by Lucius Figulus hyring nauies of the Rhodes the Lycians Pamphagonians and Celicians which wheÌ„ they were ready he determined to go into Syria himselfe by land with two legions Figulus by sea And hearing of Cassius army he tourned hys iorney to Laodicea a Cittie friendly to hym ioyning to Cherronesus and fitte for al surniture as well for passage by Sea as defence by lande In the which place he mighte prouide all thinges plentifullye â—â—oâ— the Seâ— and when he would without feare saile from the lande Which Cassius séeing and fearing that Dolobella should escape him hauing gotten a place called Isthmus almoste an Iland not two furlongs ouer he took all the stones and tymber of the cotages boroughs and sepulchres to make a peere for ships He sent to Phoenitia Lycia and the Rhodes and being reiected of all but the Sâ—donians yet he went againste Dolobella and bothe of them haning loste numbers of shyps Dolobella tooke fiue with al the men Cassius sent againe to them that had despised hym and to Cleopatra Quéene of Aegipt and to Serapion Generall in Cypres for hir The Tyrians the Aradians and Serapion without any in telligence from Cleopatra sent him as many ships as they hadde The Quéene made excuse to Cassius by hunger pestileÌ„ce wherwith Aegipt was oppressed and for the familiarity with the former Caesar shée fauoured Dolobella and with this determination she sente hym four legions by Albinus and an other sufficient company by sea bicause of the winde stayed The Rhodians and the Lycians said they woulde helpe neither Brutus nor Cassius in ciuill warres and that they had giuen ships of passage to Dolobella but not entred with him into any societie of warre Cassius being prepared againe with such as he had presently encountred with Dolobella twice and at the firste they fought it oute with like force but after Dolobella was too weake by Sea. Then Cassius with a rampire so beat the walles of the Cittie that they were lyke to fade and when he coulde not corrupte Marsus that was chiefe of the watch by night he wanne the Captaines of the bands that warded by the day And Marsus resting by daye the gates were opened and he entred in diuers parts with his army The Citie being taken Dolobella bad one of his Guard cutte off his heade and carrie it to Cassius to saue his owne whiche he did and after killed himselfe Marsus also did ridde his own life Cassius hauyng gotten the Citie sware the armie of Dolobella to himselfe All the Laodiceans sacred and publyke things he spoyled the chief of the Citie he punished the other he oppressed with grieuous payments and brought the Citie to extréeme miserie From Laodicea hée wente towarde Aegypt vnderstandyng that Cleopatra dyd sayle with a greate nauie to Caesar and Antonie thynkyng hée myghte stoppe hir voyage and be reuenged of hyr vnderstandyng that Aegipt was in greate distresse for famine hauyng no greate army of straungers the Souldiours beyng gone with Albinius Beyng in this hope and determination Brutus in haste aduertised hym that Caesar Antonie dyd passe the Ionian Sea. Cassius vnwillyngly lefte the enterpryse of Aegipt and sente away the Parthian Archers on horsebacke wyth their rewardes and messengers to theyr King for further ayde whiche commyng when all was done ranged Syria and all the nighe nations to Ionia and departed Cassius lefte hys Nephewe in Syria with one legion the horsemenne hée sente afore to Cappadocia They suddenly sette vppon Ariobarzanes the kyng as one that before meante to deceyue Cassius and brought all his money and riches to Cassius The TharsiaÌ„s beyng at debate the one parte honoured Cassius comyng firste the other Dolobella after him and both of them did it by the shew of the Cities authoritie and embracing both as the turne serued either side in such a chaÌ„geable citie vsed othâ—â— extréemely When Cassius had ouercome Dolobella he commaunded them to paye a thousand and fiue hundred Talentes they not knowing what to doe and beyng with despight requyred of the Souldiours therevnto were compelled to sell all their pryuate Iewels and holy things in common and other whiche they had for their triumphes and sacrifices whiche not suffising the Magistrates solde their frée people The firste was the Virgines and their men children after their women and olde men pityfully and then theyr youngmen whereof many killed themselues Being in this case Cassius came from Syria and stayed it for pitties sake released them of the rest of
not erre in youre enterprises nor be voide of thankes For nowe we muste laboure where perill is Lette luere alone till a fitte time maye serue vs to be merye Thus doe I commaund and the law and they that will be obedient shal be pertakers of muche good and they that be disobedient shall repent Thus Scipio said by and by put away al y multitude of vnprofitable meÌ„ with them al things that wer superfluous vaine and delicate His army being purged with reuerence readie to do his commaundement he attempted a place called Megara in two places in one night Megara is a very great place in the Cittie ioyning to the wall into the whiche sending other about he went wyth pike axes ladders bars vnséen with silence WheÌ„ they aboue heard them come néere they made a crie from the wall he made the countre crie firste after him the army in diuerse parts it was made very great This was the first feare the Carthaginians had so many enimies in the sides of them so sodainelye being come vpon them He coulde do no good against the wall thoughe he proued al wayes but he gote a Tower of a priuate Citizen voide without the wall as high as the wall by the courage of his yong men which droue away â—â—e watch from the wall with their darts laying bridges planâ—es the space betwéene gote into Megara and breaking down the gate let in Scipio He entred with â—â—â—â—en the Carthaginians sted into Byrsae as the reste of the Citie had â—â—â— taken There was a strange crie and 〈…〉 some were taken 〈…〉 their camy without â—aâ— with other into Byâ—â—â— â–ª 〈…〉 was fulâ— of â—â— harded groues of fruite diuided with hedges and sets and briers and with riuers running diuersely fearing least the army folowing him shoulde finde a troublesome passage without waye and ignorantly going in the night might haply fal into some traynes blew the retreate When day was come Asdrubal being angry with the taking of Megara as many prisoners as he had of the Romaynes he brought them to the wall where the Romaynes mighte sée what shoulde be done he pulled out their eyes their tongs the sinowes and priuie members with hookes of yron of some he pulled of the skinne of their bodye some he cutte the soles of their féete of some he cut of the fingers and threw them downe being yet aliue shewing there was no hope of concorde betwéene the Romaines and the Carthagies Thus did he stirre them to haue their hope only in fight But it came otherwise to passe than he thoughte for the Carthagies by conscience of these horrible actes were made fearefull in steade of bloud and they hated Asdruball that hadde taken awaye hope of pardon and specially the Senate who exclaymed agaynst him as one that committed too cruell and proude déebes in the countries calamitie But he toke certaine of the Senate and killed them and being waxen fearefull toward all was rather a Tiranne than a Captaine as he that had his safety only in this to be terrible vnto them and therefore wared intollerable Scipio burned the campe of his enimies which they left when they fled into Byrsa and hauing gotten the grounde betwéene the water he trenched it from sea to sea separate from the enimie as far as they might caste a darte They resisted it and the worke was from the head fiue and twenty furlongs and was fayne to worke and fight at once When he had finished this he made another ditch equall to it not farre from the former drawing it towarde the land and after that two more that his whole trenche was a quadrate He made it strong with pale sharpe at the end and at the pale he made other ditches That part that was towarde Carthage he fensed with a wall fiue and twenty furlongs in higth twelue foote beside towers holds which were set with a distaunce on the wal The breadth was halfe so much as the higth The tower in the middest was highest of all and in it a kepe of woodde foure square from the whiche he might sée all that was done in the Cittie This he dyd in twentie dayes and nightes all the armye labouring and working and fighting by turne and not greatly passing for their victuals He brought the army within the treÌ„ch which ser ued both as a long wall against the enimie when he woulde to take the reliefe that was brought to Carthage by land also for except this part that was called the necke the water dyd beate on Carthage euery where And this was the chiefe cause of their hunger and destruction For what the multitude of the Citie had from the fielde neyther coulde it be brought for thys flege nor strangers comming to them for the warre only they had their victuall of Libya a little and by sea when wynde woulde serue the reste came by lande the whiche waye after it was stopped they were sore vexed with famine Bythias that was the Captaine of horsemen and was sent for victual a long tyme neyther durst come neare nor passe Scipios trenche but seldome and slowly sent them foode by ship albeit the Romanes nauy laye at the towne not continuallye nor many at once bicause the sea was dangerous and tempestuuos and they could not approche the Cittie the Carthagies being on the walkes and the waues being great there bycause of the rocke Therefore the Hoyes of Bithyas or if any merchant came for gaine caring nothing for perill they obserued when the winde was greate and made full sayle the gallies not being able to folowe them when they were blowen in with such vehemence from the sea And whatsoeuer these ships brought Asdrubal distributed it vpoÌ„ thirtie thousaÌ„d which he had for the war little regardyng the other people wherefore they were soare troubled wyth famine When Scipio perceyued this he purposed to shutte the mouthe of the porte towarde the Weaste and not farre from the lande hée made a long Trenche beginnyng from the streighte betwéene the Fenne and the Sea called the Longue He wrought in the sea and stopped the passage making it sure with great thicke stones that it should not be broken of the billow And the breadth of she trenche was foure and twenty feete and square in the botteâ—â—e The Carthaginians at the beginning conâ—emned the worke as a thing asking long time and paraduenture impossible to be done But the army applying it earnestly ceassing neither daye nor night they were afrayde and digged out another mouth on the other side of the porte into the midde sea where no trench coulde come for the depth and vehement windes Women and chyldren digged within and were not perceyued and they made shippes of olde stuffe both great and little gallies leauing for no want of courage and boldnesse They kepte all so secrete that neuer a prisoner could
tell Scipio what they did certainely but that there was a noyse within their portes day and nighte not ceassing but to what vse they coulde not tell till al being readye the Carthagies brake open the mouthe by dauning of the daye and then issewed with fiftie gallies Foystes and Brigandines and many other small vessels wel set foorth for terrour The Romaines were so amazed at the sodayn opening of the mouth and at such a company of shippes that if the Carthagies had then set vpon the Romayne nauy the men being occupied at the wall and neyther Mariner nor other present to defend it they mighte haue gotten al the fame But it was nowe come that Carthage must perish They made a shew only with a bolde countenaunce and returned The thirde daye after they came forth to fight when the Romaines had their shippes and other thinges prepared to resiste The crie and call being made on both sides and courage shewed both of Mariners and maisters the Carthagies for their liues and the Romaines for the full victory there were many hurt and slaine on both sides til it was midde day In this fight the little boates of the Carthagies ran vnder the great shippes sides of the Romanes and now brake at the stemines and nowe the sternes and the oares and did much other hurt easily flying and easily returning The fighte being doubtfull and toward nighte the Carthagies thoughte it good to retire not as ouercome but to prepare themselues against the next day The small vessels fledde first and shutte the mouth being altogither so as the great shippes were put from the mouth and fledde to the trenche whiche was made for the Merchaunts before the wall large to receyue the packes of the occupiers and a little bray was made in this warre that the enimies should not plant in so playne a place To this trenche the Carthagies shippes fledde for lacke of a porte and stoâ—e with their stemmes against their enimies whom some resisted from the shippes some from the trenche and some from the bray The Romaynes easilye gaue onset vppon them bycause they fought with shippes that stoode but their departing for the turning of their long shippes was slow and hurtful so as they had little aduauntage for when they turned they were beaten of the Carthagies Fiue shippes of the Sidents that accompanied Scipio for good will renued the fight in this wise They let fal their ancres aloofe off in the sea and waying their longest Cables being fast moored charged their enimie and when they had encountred them shortning vp their Cables retyred backe and so haled forward and backewarde alwayes fighting with their faces vpon the enimie The rest of the nauy séeing the deuise of the Sidents folowed it did their enimies much hurt night making an end The rest of the Carthage shippes fled into the Citie Scipio by day toke the trench for it was a place fitte to annoy the port Therfore beaâ—ing the bray with his rammes and bringing manye engines he toke part of it The Carthagies althoughe they were afflycted with famine and diuerse euils they ranne vpon the Romanes engines in the night not by lande for there was no way nor by shippe for the sea was shallowe but naked with linckes not light that they should not be séene a far off They came by sea where no man would haue thought some to the breastes waded in the shalows some swamme til they came to the engines they threw the fire and were perceyued receyuing much hurt bycause they were naked and did much by their boldnesse for being stroke on the breasts and faces with dartes and speares they woulde not giue place as wilde beasts offering themselues to the strikers til they had set the artillery on fyre and driueÌ„ the Romanes away that kepte them with confusion as there was suche feare and trouble in the Camp and whole army as hadde not béene before and all by the furie of naked enimies Wherefore Scipio being afraide came forth with his horsmen and commaunded to beate them down that would not leaue their flight And some he beare downe and killed till they retourned to the Camp for necessitie to saue themselues and watched that night in armes fearing the desperation of the enimies who when they had burned the artillerie swamme home againe When it was daye the Carthaginians being sure from the engines builded vppe the fore parte of the wall againe and made many Towers vpon it by a certaine distaunce The Romanes made other engines and erected a trenche against the Towers making fire worke of pitche and sulphure and threw them vpon y enimie And when they had burned many of the Towers they chased the Carthaginians that fledde But where the ground was slippery with bloud and myre they left the chase of themselues Scipio hauing got all the trench compassed it with a ditch wyth a wall of stone not verye neare nor farre off the ennimies And when the wall was vppe he put in foure thousand whiche did not much passe of the enimie throwing dartes and weapons vpon them with contempt and bicause they were of like heigth they were sure to hit them And thus the Sommer was spente Winter being come Scipio determined to take from the Carthaginians al the power and friends that they had by lande and sente some one way and some another he himselfe went to Nepheris by water where Diogenes that fauoured Asdrubal lay in camp and sent C. Lalius thither by land WheÌ„ they were come they encamped two furlongs from Diogenes There he left Gelossa to molest Diogenes continually and returned to Carthage so vsed to go betwéen Carthage and Nepheris to sée the doings Two of Diogenes Towers fel wherfore Scipio went and laid a. M. choice seuldiors behind in an ambush and brought 3000. tried men againste the front willed them to giue the assault at the broken towers not al at once but by ranckes stil following one another that the former being putte backe should not hinder them that followed The Crie being greate and the fraye hotte al the Libyans turned to the defence theÌ„ the thousand as was appointed theÌ„ came forth and were not séene and when the first were entred they were soone perceyued wherfore the Libyans fled not séeing how many they wer but thinking they had bin many moâ— thaÌ„ they were Celossa set vpon theÌ„ with his Numidians ElephaÌ„ts and made great slaughter so as there were killed lxx M. wyth them of the countrey 10000 taken and 4000. fied TheÌ„ was the Citie of Nepheris taken in xxij dayes with great difficultie for the winter and the moyst place this feate did chiefly cause the destruction of Carthage For this army sent them victuals by this campe the Libyans were the bolder to come abrode but when it was taken the other places of Libya yéelded to Scipios Captaines without any businesse and victuall was
sent to gouerne Fraunce after a long time being coÌ„mauÌ„ded by the Senate to giue ouer he aunswered that it was Pompey his enimie leading an army in Italy repining at his authoritie in Fraunce that sought to remoue him not the Senate Yet notwithstaÌ„ding he propounded coÌ„ditions That eyther both of them shoulde reteyne their armyes to anoyde suspition of perill Or that Pompey also should leaue his power and liue a priuate life according to the lawes Obteyning neyther of these he marched out of Fraunce against Pompey and his countrey the which he inuated and hym being fledde he pursued into Thessalie and ouercame him verye victoriously in a valiant battayle whom fléeing from thence hée followed into Egipt where he was slaine of that countrey men And when he hadde tarried and set a stay among the princes of Egipt and ouerthrown his greatest enemy who for his worthynesse in the warres was surnamed Great no man nowe being bolde to do anything against him he returned to Rome and was chosen the second Dictator perpetuall after Sylla Then al sedition ceassed out of hande tyll Brutus and Cassius eyther for enuye of his greatnesse or for zeale of their countrey kylled him in the Senate house being most accepted to the people and most expert in gouernement The people of all other most lamented him required his strykers to be punished they burned his body in the common place where they erected a temple and sacrifised vnto him as to a god Then discord reuued and increased so farre as slaughter bannishmente attendures both of Senate men and Gentlemen followed confusedlye the seditious of both sides séeking to sequester his enemye he cared not howe not sparing friendes nor brethren So muche did deadly desire of debate ouerwhelme al natural friendship and alliaunce Yea they wente so farre as thrée men that is to say Lepidus Antony and he that first was called Octauius who being of Caesars bloud and his son by adoption toke of him the name of Caesar did deuide the Romaine Empire as a priuate possession after the whiche deuision falling soone out as was none other lyke Octauius Caesar excéeding them both in wysedome and experience fyrste berefte Lepidus of Liâ—bia which fell vnto him by lotte and then ouerthrew Antonie at Actio and toke froÌ„ him al the rule he had from syna to the Duke of Iomaâ— after these most mightie actes wherewith all men were amased with hys nauy he wanne Egipt the gretest kingdome and of longest continuance after Alexanders reigne and only lefte to make the Romaine state as it is by the which being yet aliue he was of the people of Rome called Augustus and the firste that so had that title He shewed himselfe to be another Caesar yea more mightie than Caesar was as wel touching the subication of his owne countrey as of all other nations not néeding any election or forme of creation to be a pretence to his doings In continuance of time being setled in his state and in all things happy and beloued he left behind him a succession and a lynage to raigne likewise after him Thus the Common welth of the Romaines after diuerse debates came to vnitie and the rule of one How these things were done I haue written gathering the most notable matter that they that lyste may sée the vnsatiable ambition of men in gréedy desire of kingdome ioyned with intollerable paynes and innumerable kindes of calamities The which I haue the rather takeÌ„ in hand bicause dealing with the Historie of Egipt and al these things going before and ending there I was compelled to make rehersal of theÌ„ For by this occasion was Egipte also conquered when Cleopatra toke parte with Antony Now bycause of the multitude of matters I haue deuided them thus The first shall shewe the thyngs done from Sempronius Gracchus to Cornelius Sylla The seconde shall conteine al the actes from that time vnto the death of Caesar The rest shall declare all the dissention that was betwéene the thrée men one against an other and the Citizens of Rome and them vntill the last and greatest feate of Ciuill force in the whyche Augustus ouercame Antonie and Cleopatra at Actio from the which time the Chronicle of Egipt shal take his beginning ¶ The Historie of Appianus Alexandrinus of the Ciuil dissentions of the Romaines The first booke WHen the Romaines first conquered Italy whych they did by little little they toke part of the land and buylded new Cities or sent of their owne people to inhabite the old that by this meane they might be sure of the countrey The grounde that was tilled eyther they distributed or sold it or let it to ferme to the inhabitants The wast which by reason of the warre was very much not hauing euer leysure to make diuision of it they proclaymed in this sort to them that would manure it For the yearely increase of séede grounde they required the tenth part For the places planted with trées and woode they would haue a fifth part For Cattel eyther great or small they appointed a tribute accordingly Thys they did for the maintenaunce of the Italian nation whom they accounted to be men of best seruice that they might always in the wars haue the vse of that were their owne but it came soone otherwise to passe for the rich meÌ„ hauing got the greater part of the vndeuided lande prosumed vpon long prescription of time that no man would molest them and the poore mens small portions lying nygh them either they boughte for a little by persuasion or they encroched to them by very violence and oppression so as now in steade of Manour places they had as it were whole countries bycause they would not haue their husbandemen called anye time awaye to the warres they bought theyr Hynes and Herdes to laboure the grounds and would not sette their countrymen to any worke at all by reason whereof theyr gaine was incredible as well for the yearely profit of their possessions as for the multitude of encrease of those slaues whyche were neuer called to y warre Thus the great meÌ„ grew excéeding riche and euery place was ful of â—crutle generation but the Italians fel into decaye and wante of men and were also oppressed with pouerty by occasion of their continuall pressing to the war and dayly exactions put vpon them And if at any time they were eased of these they felt a further incoÌ„uenieÌ„ce for where they had no land of their owne the rich meÌ„ being Lords of al and they vsing the labour of bondmen in steade of frée men the Italians were vtterly corrupted with rest ydlenes The people of Rome was much offended herewith bicause they could not haue such seruice of the Italians as they had before and whensoeuer they made any expedition abroade they were not without daunger for the great multitude of bondemen at home they could not tel
how to remedy this matter for it was not easy nor altogither equal to thrust them out of possession that had had so long continuance in their landes and houses which they had so wel planted and prouided At length wyth much adoe the Tribunes toke the matter in hand and ordeyned That no man should kéepe aboue fiue hundred Acres of lande That no man shoulde féede aboue one hundered greate cattel That no man should féede aboue fiue hundred little cattel And for the better obseruation hereof they appointed a number of fréemen to marke what was done and to make declaration of the same from time to time The law was allowed the penaltie assigned and the commissioners were sworne supposing that by this meane some lande would be lefte that for a small price might be awarded to the poore But regarde was there none neyther of Lawe nor of the othe and if some did séeme for manners sake to obey the lawe and make a counterfeyte deuision to them neyghboures the moste parte dyd vtterly contemne the lawe tyll Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus a goodlye noble man honourable and eloquente whereby he was more notable than al the other Tribunes made a solemne oration in the prayse of the Italian people lamentyng that so warlike a nation and of the Romaines alliaunce shoulde shortly be dispeopled and brought to penurie without all hope of remedy He inuâ—yed againste the raâ—e of Slaues as vnfitte for the warre and vntrustye to their Lordes he called to remembraunce a fresh affliction in Cicelie by slauish seruauntes against their maisters the which had their increase also by being vsed in countrie businesse whom the Romaines could not subdue without long and sharpe warre full of variable and daungerous successe and hauing spoken to this effecte hee renewed the law That no manne shoulde haue more than fiue hundered Acres That their children should haue halfe so muche which he added to the old lawe That thrée men chosen and changeable euerye yeare shoulde make diuision to the poore The riche men toke this matter verye grieuouslye For nowe they coulde not illude the Lawe as they dyd before bycause of them that were appointed for the deuision nor purchase theyr Landes that hadde theyr partes assigned for Gracchus hadde prouided for that forbydding all manner of sale They assembled togyther in seuerall companies fyndyng faulte wyth the Lawe They were in a marueylous disdaine and griefe that the poore shoulde possesse theyr auntient inheritaunce their plantings buildings and that they shold forgot the purchase of the lands that they had payd for to some of their neyghbours Others repyned at the losse of their forefathers Sepultures conteyned within their groundes and the pâ—rtitions of theyr portions lefte of theyr parentes Some obiected theyr wyues marriage money and consumed vppon the same or the lande of inheritaunce to theyr children and some declared what debt they were fallen into by reason of interest so as there was great disorder quarelling and indignation among them The poore men on the contrary side complaine that they were brought from good wealth to extreme want and thereby to decay of continuaunce not being able to bring vp their children They shewed how many tymes they had bin a warfare to winne thys land and myght not beare to be beâ—est their publike portioÌ„ They rayled on the riche that in the steade of frée men Citizens and souldiers they had chosen bonde seruauntes a generation euer vnfaithfull and stubborne therfore not fitte for the warre Thus the one reuiling and vpbrayding the other the multitude that either were of the Romaine foundation or of their owne gouernement and al other that any wayes were partakers of the lande fearing the losse therof resorted togither and were deuided wyth the one or the other and so being enbolded by number they waxed fierce stirring rebellion and abiding til the law should be discussed the one by no mean to suffer it to preuaile the other that it might take place to the vttermost Both sides were ambitiouslye bent for the sequele of it and against the appointed day prepared themselues Gracchus minde stoode vppon a resolution not to further aboundance of riches but the encrease of men in procuryng of the which commoditie he muche magnifyed himselfe as in a trauell that to Italie could not be of more honor nor importance the difficultye wherof he did not conceiue When the day of making Lawes was come he made a long plausible Preface and asked of them If it wer right that publike things shold be deuided in common and if a citizen were to be preferred before a seruant and if a souldier were more profitable than he that was vnapt for the war and a partaker of publike profit more wel willing Not tarying loÌ„g in this comparison as néedlesse he streight turned his tale to vtter the hopes and feares of his countrey that where they had by the warre wonne so muche lande of their enemies and had good hope to get the rest of the earth they woulde nowe put aim hazarde whether to conquer al that remayned by increase of fytte meÌ„ or to lose this through want of their owne and enuie of their enimies He set forth the glory and wealth of the one and the daunger and doubt of the other He exhorted the rich to regard if it were not more for their profite to gratifie the people with land to bring vp their childreÌ„ in hope of the wealth to come than to striue for trifling matters and to neglect the greater things they hauing sufficient recompence of their charges bestowed by possession of fiue hundred acres of choyce frée and certen land and to euery of their children if they had anye halfe so much After this sort Gracchus speaking much kindling the pore and other to that stoode vpon reason rather than desire of possession he commaunded the Clearke to pronounce the law But Marcus Octauius the other Tribune whome the possessioners had made to resist and with the Romaines being euer more able to forbidde commaunded the Clearke to silence Then Gracchus greatly blaming him deferred the Court till the next day when hauing prepared a sufficient force to compell Octauius commaunded the Clearke with threates to propound the lawe to the people but Octauius forbadde him againe and put him to sileÌ„ce Then the Tribunes fell to chafing one with an other so as the lawe could take no place for the tumult wherefore the great men required to committe their difference to the Senate Gracchus toke holde of that offer thinking euery reasonable man to be wylling with the lawe ranne into y Senate house where being reproued of the rich as among the few chiefe men in a straight hée ranne agayne into the commoÌ„ place and sayd he woulde deferre the tryall till this next dayes assemblie both for the law and for the authoritie of Octauius and whether by order a Tribune resisting the law mighte
reteyne his office and so he did at whyche time Octauius nothing abashed made resistance againe Wherefore Gracchus put the matter firste to the vayces and when one company had giuen against Octauius Gracchus turned to him and prayed him to leaue his purpose but he cared not for it and so they procéeded There was fiue and thirtie companies whereof seauentéene had giuen against him with greate furie and where y eyghtenth should haue determined the matter Gracchus againe in the sighte of the people lamentably desired him that being in that daunger he woulde not hynder so profitable and honorable an acte to all Italy nor to withstande so greate desire of the people whyche he ought to further béeyng a Tribune nor to suffer the disgrace of losing hys office Thus hée spake and called God to witnesse that agaynste hys wyll hys fellowe was deposed But when no persuasion woulde serue hée made the decrée Octauius béeyng depriued he secretely conueyed hymselfe away Quintus Mummius was chosen Tribune in his place The lawe of landes was pronounced and the firste officers appoynted to sée it executed was Gracchus hymselfe the lawmaker and a brother of hys name and Appius Claudius hys father in lawe So muche dyd the people feare that all the laboure of the lawe shoulde bée lost vnlesse Gracchus and all hys familie hadde the execution of it Gracchus was maruellously magnifyed for thys lawe and accompanyed of the people to his house as a preseruer not of one Citie or Countrey but of all the nations of Italy Thys béeyng done they that had the day returned to the landes in the Countrey from whence they came for that purpose but they that lost the day remayned discontented and talked that Gracchus shoulde not escape blame when he shoulde bée out of office that durst violate a Magistrate of so greate authoritie and gyue occasion of so manifest sedition in Italy Nowe was it Sommer and the tyme of choosing Tribunes at hande It séemed that the ryche woulde so laboure as the office should bée gyuen to some of Gracchus greatest enimies The tryall béeyng at hande and hée afrayde that hée shoulde not bée elected Tribune for the yeare to come called people out of the Countrey to gyue voyce in the election but they béeyng occupyed in Sommer businesse and the daye drawyng nygh hée was compelled to make the people of the Citie hys refuge and wente aboute to euery one aparte to desire them to make hym Tribune agayne béeyng in daunger for theyr sakes When the daye was come the two firste companyes chose Gracchus but the ryche men cryed that it was not lawfull for one to bée Tribune twyce togyther Rubrio a Tribune to whose turne it came to bée chiefe of the election doubted of the matter Mummius successor to Octauius prayed hys fellowe to committe the order of the election to hym whyche hée dyd but the other Tribunes affyrmed that thys must be tryed by lotte for where Rubrio hadde hys turne the appoyntmente dyd apperteyne to them all The contention béeyng greate and Gracchus hauyng the worse he deferred the discussing tyll the nexte daye and béeyng vtterlye discouraged although yet in office he remayned the rest of the whole daye in the common place beséechyng euerye man to bée hys helpe as though he shoulde streyghte haue bin destroyed of hys enimies The poore men were moued wyth compassion and consideryng that they were not vsed indifferently as Citizens but rather as slaues to the lust of the ryche and fearyng for Gracchus state who suffered for theyr sake with lamentation they all broughte hym to hys house at nyghte and bade hym bée of good chéere agaynste the nexte daye Gracchus béeyng thus encouraged assembled hys parte in the nyghte and gaue them a watchworde to fyghte it out if néede required Then hée went to the Temple of the Capitoll where the election shoulde bée and when the assemblie was come togyther and hée in the myddest of them some of the Tribunes and the ryche men woulde not suffer the election to procéede for hym wherefore hée gaue hys watche worde they that were priuie to it made a greate shoute and beganne the fray some stoode aboute Gracchus to guarde hys person some tore the seates some wrang the roddes and maces out of the Sergeantes handes some rente asunder euerye thyng and bet the ryche menne out of the place wyth suche a tumulte and terroure as all the Tribunes ranne awaye and the Priestes shutte the Temple dores The flying and running was confused and the spéeche not well vnderstanded Some thoughte that Gracchus hadde deposed an other Tribune for spying none of them there it was lyke to bée so Some thoughte hée hadde made hym selfe Tribune agayne wythoute anye Election In the meane time the Senate assembled in the Temple of Faith. Surely I maruell that where the office of one ruler had many times before preserued the state in like troubles that now they dyd not choose a Dictator In former times it was founde most necessarie but nowe neyther in memorie nor after cared for When the Senate as wel as they could had resolued what was to be done they went vp to the Capitoll and Cornelius Scipio Nasica by the name of chiefe Bishop led the way and spake with a loude voice that they should follow him that would haue their Countrey safe Then he pulled the skirte of his gowne ouer hys head eyther to giue a token by his garmēt that the more might followe hint or for a signe to them that sawe it that he woulde fight or for that he would as it were hide from the Gods what he meant to do Being come to the Temple and thrusting in among Gracchus route they gaue place vnto him as to a most worthy man whome they sawe all the Senate follow then dyd his company wring the weapons out of the others handes and gathered the péeces of the broken seates with any other things that they could get in the place and bet Gracchus part so violently as they droue them to the brinke of the hill in the whyche tumulte Gracchus was slayne and many with him at the Temple dores before the Images of the Kings Thus Gracchus béeyng some of that Gracchus that had bin twice Consull whose mother was Cornelia daughter to Scipio that conquered Affrica meaning well to his Countrey but going aboute it vndiscretely was slayne in the Capitoll being yet Tribune As this was the firste mischiefe that was done in the place of election so did it not ceasse till many more were done from tyme to time The Citie was deuided into wo and ioy for Gracchus death some lamented for themselues as well as for him that the present state was no more a common wealth but rather a Cōquest and crueltie Other reioyced at that was done whereby they had obteyned their purpose This was done whē Aristonicus contended with the Romaines for the Lordship of
as should haue habitations threatning mischiefe vnlesse some did performe the laÌ„ds places that was giuen and promised The sincere sort of the Citie tooke good hearte perceiuing the smal number of these doers They enclyned to the memorie of Caesar and were of diuers opinions Caesars money and the bookes of his doings were carryed to Antonie eyther bycause Calphurnie for the danger of hir house did send them to Antony as more surer or that Antony did so commaund it This done a decrée was made by Antony that nighte to call the Senate before daye at the Temple of the Goddesse of the earth not farre from his owne house for neyther durst he goe to the Senate house in the Capitoll bycause of the sworde players gathered there nor bring the armye into the Towne for troubling of it notwithstanding Lepidus brought them in Day drawing nigh other Senatoures came to y Temple of y Goddesse of the earth and Cinna the Pretor hauing on agayne his garmeÌ„t which the day before he had throwen off as giuen him of a Tyrant made hast thither whome when parte of the vncorrupted people and parte of Caesars Souldioures sawe béeyng in a rage bycause the daye before he was the firste that openly spake euill of Caesar béeyng hys kinsman they threwe stones at hym and droue hym into an house and gote woodde to haue burned it had not Lepidus come with the army and forbydden them This was the firste token whereby Caesars friendes hadde confidence that the conspiratoures and the hyred fellowes were afrayde In the Senate house there were fewe that were pure from violence and contention The most parte with diuers deuice fauoured the manquellers and thoughte them most worthye of trust to be there for common consultation and of offenders to make them Judges the whiche Antony dyd not lette bycause he knewe they woulde not come as they dyd not indéede Then in tryall of the Senate some very earnestly and playnely praysed the facte namyng them Tyrant-kyllers and wylled they shoulde be rewarded Other denyed the reward themselues not desiring it nor hauyng done it for that intente but thoughte it iust they should only be commeÌ„ded as welldoers Some would not allow that commendation but onely thoughte it ynough if they were forgyuen Thus did they deuise and forecast at the firste to what the Senate woulde encline that after by little and little they myghte the easier obteyne the rest The vncorrupted company did abhorre the acte as wicked yet for the reuerence of their great houses were not againste but that they shoulde be saued yet that they should be honored as well doers they coulde not abide Other spake againste this that it was not conuenient so to haue them as the rest that beloÌ„ged to their safety shuld bée enuyed And when one sayde that theyr honour shoulde bée Caesars dishonoure they aunswered that it was not fytte a dead man shoulde bée preferred to the quicke Another vehemently saying that of two things one must be chosen eyther to declarâ— Caesar a Tyrante or to forgiue these by mercy they tooke hold of this only and required that voyces mighte be tryed of Caesar by oth and that the decrées made of necessitie shoulde not preiudice them for whyles he ruled they dyd nothyng fréely but all for feare of themselues Pompey béeyng slayne and wyth hym manye a thousande more Antony markyng all thyngs deceytefully perceyuing that ample and euidente matter of spéeches was offered determined to turne theyr cogitation wyth a priuate care and feare of themselues and vnderstandyng that a greate parte of these Senatoures were appoynted to offices and Priestehoodes in the Citie and to gouernements of armyes and prouinces by Caesar for the tyme to come for hée shoulde bée long foorthe wyth hys armye the space of fyue yeares commaundyng silence as Consull thus sayde They that woulde haue boyces tryed vpon Caesar must know afore that if he ruled as an officer lawfully chosen then all hys actes and decrées must stande in force but if by violence wée thinke he playd the Tyrant then must his body be cast out of y Citie vnburyed and all his actes be reuoked wherfore as I sée we must medle with all y world both by sea land many be such as though we would will not obey vs as I shall declare héereafter Now what apperteyneth to vs alone for this matter toucheth only vs I will put all things before you that as in an easâ—e platte you may see a shew of harder things All we in manner haue borne office vnder Caesar and yet doe beare chosen and made by him and some are to haue offices in time to come as the lotte fals out for you know he appoynted for fiue yeares the yearely offices of the Citie to you and the regimentes of Countreys and armies If you will willingly forgoe them for that is in your power to do this would I haue you first determine and then procéede to other Thus Antony did kindle a fire not for Caesar but for themselues and helde his peace Then they by and by in throngs with shoutes starte vp and denyed that any other triall shoulde be made by the voyces of the people but that the things appoynted should be assuredly holden There were some vnder age and other that mighte finde resistance in election whome he chiefly stirred of whome Dolabella the Consull was one to whome it was not lawful to be consul by election bycause he was not fiue and twenty yeares of age wherefore he shewed a suddayne mutation of that he pretended the daye before rebuking as many of them as thought the conspiratours worthy of honor that they that were in office should be dishonored by making their securitie to haue the better shew Other put Dolabella and the â—est in hope that they shoulde receâ—ue thankes of the people and straight resume their dignities without any alteration of the officers but to shewe a lawfuller way by common election and that it shoulde be an ornament to them to be aduanced as well by the authoritie of the people as by the appoyntmente of one ruler and this was no sooner spoken but some of the officers to deceyue the other put off their robes as to receâ—â—e the same agayne more lawfully Some perceyued the craft and did not thinke to get by election that they already had The matter standing thus Antony and Lepidus wente out of the Senate house for certaine that came running from the multitude did call them and as they were séene from aboue and sileÌ„ce hardly put to them that made much noyse one cryed vnto them whether of his owne minde or that he was suborned and bade them take héed least they suffered the like Then Antony losing his gowne shewed his curet incensing the lookers on as though now no man coulde be safe vnlesse he ware armoure no not the Consull There was some cryed that the fact might be punished and
rouffes and chunmes or sat close with deepe silence vnder heapes of tyles some were as muche afrayde of their wiues or children that bare them no good will as they were of the killers some of their frée made me some of their bondmeÌ„ some creditours of their debtours some of their neyghbours coueting their groundes what souer had bin kept in before theÌ„ it burst forth a cruell and confused mutation of Senators of Consuls of Pretours of Tribunes of newe elect to those ostices or of them that had borne office It was to sée them fal at a slaues féete with teares namyng him sauiour and good maister and more pitifull it was that when they hadde done all this they could get no grace there was all shapes of miserie not as in sedition or sacking of a Cittie where men myghte feare their foes and enimies and trust their families but here they were more afrayde of them than of the killers The whiche beyng voyde of feare otherwise than in tumulte and warre they sodainelye of friendes were made enimies eyther for hydden hate or for the proclaymed rewards or for the gold and siluer in their houses for by thys occasion euerye man waxed extremely vnfaythful to his maister and their reward did ouerwhelme naturall dewty toward the same and he that was faythfull and wel willing was afrayde to help to hyde or conceale for the crueltie of the punishment The former feare of the seuentéene men did amaze them againe for then non being named but many sodaynly taken all were afrayde of the like and therefore sought togither for defence For vpon these proscriptions some were by and by giuen in pray to euery man and some being sure of themselues and desirous of the gaine hunted out the other to haue reward of the killers The reste of the common sorte some spoyled the houses of them that were killed which profit drew their minds from common féeling of present mischief some more temperate and mylde were astonished and amazed It séemed wonderful to them to consider that other â—â—ttâ—es being â—â—done by sâ—dâ—â—iâ—â— haue bin preserued againe by agreement Thiâ— Câ—â—tieâ—â— theâ—â—uision of the rulers hadde consumed and their agréement broughte it to desolation some dyed resisting the killers some withoute reuenge as not knowing by whome they were maimed There were some that killed themselues with voluntarie hunger some vsed halters some drowned their bodies some threwe themselues downe from the house toâ—â—â— some leapt into the fyre some offered themselues to the strykers some tarryed when they were called some hid and disgrated themselues vnséemelye some resisted the euill and thoughte to haue boughte it out some besyde the sentence of the thrée men of ignorance or deceit were dispatched as it did appeare by one that was slaine and not condemned when the head was shewen The condemned persons heads were brought before the seats in the common place that they that had brought them might receiue their goods On the other syde there was as much care and vertue bothe of women children brethren and seruauntes sauing and shifting for many and dying with them if they could not bring to passe what they ment and some killed that came to kill them Oh them that fledde some were drowned in the Sea Fortime being in all againste them some beyonde all hope retourned to offices in the Cittie to be Capitaines in warre and triumphes â–ª Suche demonstration made that season of things to be wondred at And these were done not in a priuate Citie nor in a weake and little kingdome but in the moste mightye and the Ladye of so manye nations bothe by lande and sea God himselfe did stirre it to bring it to that good order that nowe it is in There were suche thinges done of Sylla and before him of Marius the chiefe of the which I haue shewed in their liues and then men laye vnburyed But these doings for the worthynesse of these thrée men especiallye for the vertue and fortune of one of them whiche brought the Empire to a sure scate and left a stockâ— and name to them that now remaine after him a man may worthily think to be far of more importance which as they were more or lesse notable and be more fresh in memorie and lately done I wil declare yet not al for they be not worthy the telling â–ª that touche the simple death fléeing of them that were pardoned of the thrée men whiche after they retourned liued a life vnknowne but the moste maruellous that may make a manâ—frayd and cause credite to that is spoken before They bée manye and manye of the Romaines haue in many bookes written these of themselues of the which I wil shew briefely a fewe of the greateste in euerye sorte for the reliefe of the same and for the happynesse of the tyme that now is The euil began at the firste brunte â–ª of them that were yet in office And 〈◊〉 the Tribune was the firste that was kylled whose power was sacred and sure by lawe excéeding the reste so as the Tribunes haue committed some Consuls to prison This was the Tribune that fyrste forbadde that Antony shoulde be declared an ennimye after the whiche tyme hée stucke altogither to Cicero Understanding the intelligence of the thrée men and theyr approche to the Cittie hée made a feaste to his friendes as one that shoulde not ofte so doe againe The Souldioures running into the house they arose with feare and trouble The Capitaine of the bande commaunded them to be quiet and still but Saluius as he sate he tooke by the heare till he mighte dispatch hym and vppon the table cutte off hys heade and commaunded them within to make no businesse leaste if anye trouble were raysed they shoulde suffer the lyke and they béeyng astonished remained after the Captaine was gone til midnight with the Tribunes Coryse The seconde that was kylled was Minutius a Pretor setting in iudgement in the common place Understandyng that the Souldioures were commyng hée leapte downe and thinking where be mighte hide hymselfe hée chaunged hys garment and ranne into a shoppe sending awaye hys seruauntes and hys shewes of office They for reuerence and pitie tarying stil agaynst their wil made the killers the â—â—â—â—er to finde their mayster â–ª Annalis an other Pretor goyng about with his Sonne that labored to be a treasurer to few to them that gaue voyces hys friendes that were with hym and they that bare the maces of his office vnderstandyng he was condemned forsoke hym â–ª Hée fledde vnto a tenaunt of hys whiche had a straight and a homely house in the Suburbs for all purposes very fifte and was hid safe till hys Sonne that thought he was fled thyther brought the strykers to the house and was rewarded of the thrée menne with his Fathers goods and chosen a Chamberlayne of the Citie who beyng after very dronke and troubling the Souldiors the same killed him that dispatched his Father Choranius not
had serued vnder Caius Casar And that none shoulde make any stirre at the sight or name of newe Caesar it was thought méete to speake to the army There was a greate seate in the which sate none but Senatours and Pretors The rest as wel Romanes as straungers â—â—oode about below glad they were to sée one another as they that were stronger than they supposed Boldnesse and great hope grew at the sight of the army whiche thing increaseth the good wil of Souldiours to their Captaine hope that is coÌ„mon getteth beneuolence The noyse that hereof was made did cease by the trumpets and criers and Cassius bicause he was elder thaÌ„ Brutus came a little foorth and thus sayde to the army This contention O Souldiour felowes as it is rommon to vs all and therfore causeth vs to trust one an other so is it conuenient that we do performe to you all that we haue promised the whiche is the greatest trust that wée will fulfill whatsoeuer we promise you hereafter The hope consisteth in the vertue of you that be Souldiours and in vs whom you sée aboute this seate so many and so great men of the Senate and also in the plentyfull furniture of all thyngs whiche you sée of victuall of armure of money and of Shippes of confederates of Nations and Kyngs that of necessitie they by reason muste bée ready to be willyng and agrée whome the prouision and common cause hath ioyned togyther Whereof the twoo men our enimies do calumniate vs you know throughly and for that do you serue with vs willyngly Therefore nowe it is fitte to declare the cause whiche shall chiefly shew that wée haue the beste and moste iuste pretence of this warre We that haue made Caesar great by folowyng hym and leading you in the warres did continue hys friendes to the ende so as it shall not appeare that he was entrapte of vs for any enimity In maters of peace he is to be blamed not of vs his friendes in the which we haue bene honored but by lawes and order of the common wealth whereof now no law no rule of the best nor peoples power remayneth all the which our fathers framed when they expelled the kings and by othe confirmed neuer after to receyue other to the which othe their posteritie of the same minde consenting and puttyng from them the execrations thereof they could not longer endure to sée one man though he were a friende and beneficiall that did conuert to himselse the publique treasure the armies the elections of officers froÌ„ the people the gouernments of nations from the Senate Yet he was a law in stéede of lawes and a Lord in stéede of the people and a Prince in all respectes in steade of the Senate The whiche peraduenture you doe not perfitely know but only consider his valiantnesse in the warre But now you may easily learne it by the things only that touched your selues You the people in the warre do obey your Generalles as your Lords The same condition you receyue of vs agayne in peace the Senate prouidyng that you be not deceyued your selues being Judges and lawmakers accordyng to your companies and societies creatyng Consulles Tribunes and Pretors and by your voyces iudging the greatest things punishing or preferring them as they thought you worthie punishment or preferment This retribution O Citizens hath brought your authoritie to highe felicitie for you haue preferred the worthy and they being preferred haue rendred like thanke to you For this worthinesse you made Scipio Consull when you testified for him in the matters of Libya and made whome you woulde Tribunes of euery age of your selues as was fitte for your causes What néede I to rehearse many things that you already knowe but that fince Caesar bare rule you coulde create neyther Consull Pretor Tribune or Officer nor coulde testifie for any mans vertue nor receyue mutuall testification for your selues And to speake of the chief no man gaue you thankes for any office for authoritie for iustice or correction And that that was moste to be lamented of all other you could not helpe your Tribunes when villanie was done them that you shoulde not retayne your power continual and make it sure and inuiolable but your selfe see them that ought to haue bene vntouched and their authoritie inuiolate and their ornaments sacred to be coÌ„demned without any iudgement by the commaundement of one onely bycause they seemed to be grieued with them that woulde haue declared him a kyng the whiche the Senate tooke moste grieuously for your sake For the Tribuneship is yours not the Senates Yet yée could not plainly accuse that man or bring him to iudgement bycause of hys mightie armies whiche belonging to the publique state he chalenged for hys priuate pleasure the whiche entendyng to be reuenged of the reste of his Tyrannie coniured agaynst his body The sentence did necessarily procéede from the beste the seate was done of a fewe So soone as it was done the Senate decreed it a common agréement and that openly that the rewardes for killyng Tirannes might be put in vre Antony staying that vnder a pretence of tumulte and we not thinkyng our selues worthy rewarde to the Citie rather than by it to helpe our countrey this was stayed bycause they would not any contumely should be shewed to Caesar but only a releasement of his Tyrannie euery man decreeyng a for getfulnesse as a thing of moste suretie that no matter shoulde bee made of the murder Antony by litle and litle withdrawing the people from vs the Senate gaue vs great offices of prouinces and armies commaunding all the lande betwéene Ionia Syria to obey vs whether punishing as offendours or honoring ve with solemne purple with mases and Sergeants by the whiche reason they called Pompey from banishment beyng a yong man and not acquaynted with the thing but onely bicause he was Sonne to Pompey the great who trauayled for the peoples rule and bycause he was secretely in Spaine to auoyde tyrannie they restored him to the value of his fathers goodes by the common treasure and made him ruler of the sea that he mighte haue some authoritie beyng of the peoples faction What other acte or token of the Senate do yée require than that all this was done by their sentence onlesse it be not inough to confesse it by worde but to do it say it and togither with their sayings to rewarde you with great gifts bicause wheÌ„ they say it they can performe it Now you know how men be haÌ„dled they be proscribed without iudgement their goodes be publicate they be killed without sentence in their houses in theyr porches in the Temples of Souldiours of seruants of their enimies drawen from their priuie houses and pursued in euery place Where the law permitteth a man that will to flée into the common place where neuer no enimies head was brought but only armour shippe stems now the heds of Consuls of Pretors of
very déede it was to enrich his horsemen And when the Palmirians had vnderstanding of it they conueyed away their goods and garded them with Archers wherin they excelled The horsemen finding the Citie voyde went away emptie and vnhurtfull Of thys occasion the warres of Parthia séemed to ryse many of the tyrannes of the countreye of Syria resorting to them For this countrey till Antiochus the good and his sonne was vnder Kings successoures of Seleucus but being brought into the forme of a prouince they had Scaurus their President â–ª to whome the Senate sent other successours and among them Gabiâ—â—â—s which made warre vpon the Alexandrians Crassus succéeded Gabinius which was after slayne of the Parthians But after the death of Caesar and sedition rysing euery City was holden by an vsurper the Partheans helping them And nowe hadde they entred Syria Crassus being deade one alluring another from whence Antonie droue them away and made them flée to the Parthians Which being done he put tributes vpon the people and did not pacifie the prouince after the commotion of the Palmirians but diuided his armye into wintering places He went to Cleopatra into Egipt of whome being princely receyued he taried the Winter with hir lyke a priuate man in an other mans kingdome eyther to shewe that the rule perteyned not to him or to be the more fitte to frequent the feastful dayes of the Winter And leauing all cares of a Captaine he put on a Greekes robe and such a garment as the Athenteâ—ses and Egiptians Priestes do vse And he resorted onely to temples scooâ—es and assemblies of Philosophers keping company with the Grecians that obeyed Cleopatra for whose cause hée had as hée sayde made that voyage Caesar Octauian in the meane time fell sicke in his iourney to Rome and verie dangerously at Brundusiâ— where it was sayd he was deade Being recouered he entred the Citie and deliuered Antonies letters to his Captaines who strayght commaunded Calenus to deliuer two legions to Octauian and wrote into Africa to Sextius to deliuer that prouince both the which were done Then dyscharging Lepidus of his suspition he committed Africa to his gouernement and solde such goods of the condemned men as were not yet bought Going about to place his Souldiors in their dwellings and to diuide their landes he founde greate troubles For the Soldiors required euery best Citie in Italie as they were chosen before the warre Contrary those Cities required that all Italy might be contributarie to this diuision or the places of dwelling might be apointed by lot The soldiors also required the valewe of the lands bycause there was no coÌ„mon pay Both olde and yong women and children assembled togither in the Temples and publique places lamenting and complayning that they being natiue of Italy should be putte from theyr houses and landes as prisoners in the warre The people wepte for these miseries and moste of all when they remembred that it was not done for the common wealth but for the priuate lust of a fewe the whiche had ouerthrowne the common weale and now gaue their Soldiours rewardes that they by that gifte should be ready to serue their turnes and stil kâ—epe downe the common state Caesar appeased the Cities and shewed the cause of necessitie and that all was not sufficient And hée sayth truth for the neyghbours were oppressed of the soldiours goyng beyond their boundes catching more than was giuen them taking euer the best Neyther were they frayed by Caesars rebukes nor coÌ„tented with new gifts for they did now litle force of the princes who had néede of their helpe to hold vp their ambition For now the ende of the fiue yeares approched euery one had néede of seuerall helpe to maintayne his Lordship The Soldiours had néede of them to kéepe stil that which was giuen them they had néede of the Souldiours fauour to confirme their rule Caesar also comforted the néedy Soldiours with other gifts borowyng money of Temples wherby he wonne their hartes they beyng thankefull to him as of whome they had receyued their landes and goodes and they that were spoyled crying out vpon him whiche he suffred for the Soldiours sakes Lucius brother to Antonie beyng Consull and his wife Fuluia and Manius that had the ouersight of his things in his absence that this benefite might not séene to be onely of Octauian nor he haue only the thanke and the other generall be defrauded of the fauour of the Soldiours vsed subtill meanes that the placyng of the inhabitauntes might be deferred till Antonies commyng Whiche when it séemed vnpossible for the haste of the Souldiours they desired of Octauian that they mighte place Antonies Souldiours although by agréement it was graunted to Caesar Octauian by Antonie â–ª whiche they denied to be true Therefore bryngyng Fâ—â—luia with Antonies litle children to the campe they besought them instantly not to suffer Antonie to be defrauded of his thankes and renowne that he had gotten Antonies name was then very glorious among the Soldiours and others for the victory at Philippi was attributed to Antonie onely bycause of Caesars sicknesse Though Octauian sawe that couenaunt was broken yette for Antonies sake hée was content to gyue place So Antonies legions were placed wyth very much licence that they shoulde not seeme to bée inferiour to the benefite of Caesar There were other Cities neare to these whose lands were deuided to the Souldiours whiche suffered many iniuries of the Souldiours the Citizens crying to Octauian that diuision of landes was nowe more cruell than proscriptions of lyfe For then enimies were punished now innocentes are plagued Caesar did well perceyue the iniurie but coulde not remedie it For neyther had hée money wherewith to pay the possessours of the lande neyther could the rewardes of victory be deferred for the warres that myght ensue Pompey beyng Lorde of the Sea who caused famine in the Cittie all victuall beyng kepte away Aenobarbus and Murcus hauyng an other army and gatheryng an other nauie and the Souldiours the more vnwillyng excepte they haue promyse kepte and the space of fiue yeares was almoste come so as they muste haue néede of Souldiours and therefore bare with their insolencie In so muche as in the Theatre a common Souldiour wantyng a proper seate wente and satte in the place of a Gentleman The people noted it and Caesar raysed hym The Souldiours were angry at it and when Caesar came from the passe tyme they compassed him and requyred their felow Souldiour whome they thought to be destroyed But when hée came they sayde he came out of pryson whiche bycause hée denied they sayde hée was hyred so to say and was a Traytour to hys company This rudenesse was vsed in the Theatre Beyng called to the diuision into the campe of Mars and comming to it by night they were angry that Caesar tarried so long Nonius a Capitayne rebuked them and tolde them
the pump of Menecrates Then grapeling their Shippes togither they stoode firme The marriners and souldyoures fought with no lesse courage and footing than as if they had hin on the land They shotte they darted and threw stones and dyd cast bridges to passe from one to another And bycause Menedorus shippe was higher than the other they dyd the more harme with lesse payne Many were killed and hurte Menedorus was stricken through the arme with a dart the whych was streight pulled out But Menecrates was hurt in the thygh with a forked Spanish arrowe whych could not be pulled out And not beeyng able any longer to fyght he exhorted hys company and lept into the Sea and then Menedorus tooke hys Shyppe and drew it to land for he could fight no longer This was the fight on the lefte side of the Nauie On the right Caluisius chaced certaine shippes of Menecrates Demochares a fréemade maÌ„ of Pompeys also viceadmirall to Menecrates entred vpon the other shippes of Caluisius whereof he droue some to shore and some he made to flée some he set on fire When Caeluisius came from the chace and sawe hys Nauie-scattered and fired he stayde the one and quenched the other and bycause it was night both they withdrew to their former harborough This was the end of the first fight by sea wherein Pompey had the better Demochares gréeuously taking the deathe of Menecrates as a very greate losse for Pompey euer vsed Menecrates and Menedorus seruice by sea leauing al other thyngs as though not Menecrates body and one shippe hadde bin lost but the whole Nauie went streight from the broyle to Sicelie Caluisius lay still as long as he thought Demochares would come against him but when he saw him gone he refreshed his ships and kepte alongst y shore On the other side Caesar with a great Nauie froÌ„ Tarento and his army from Reggio mette with Pompey at Messina with fortie shippes only His friendes exhorted him to take the occasion of the few Shippes that Pompey had and to sette vppon him before the rest of his Nauie came but Caesar would not tyll he was ioyned with Caluisius affyrming it to be a folly to hazard without helpe When Demochares was come to Messina Pompey made him and Apollophanes his fréemade man also chiefe of the Nauie in stead of Menecrates and Menedorus When Caesar heard â—f the losse that Caluisius had he crossed the sea to méete with Caluisius and as he passed betwéene Stylida and Sylla Pompey set vpon y taile of his Nauie and prouoked y fight by all meanes but Caesar refused it either bycause he would not fight in the streights or bycause he would first find Caluisio He coÌ„manded all to draw nigh the shore to lie at anchor to staÌ„d to defence if any did set vpoÌ„ theÌ„ But Demochares coÌ„ming in setting two of his ships vpoÌ„ one of the other so droue theÌ„ togither vpon y rockes as many were crushed perished cowardly And y like lucke was héere as was at the fighte of Cuma Caesar lept out of his ship into the shore and holp to saue theÌ„ that swamme for their liues but Cornificius other Captaines without coÌ„mandemeÌ„t hoysed anchor tooke the sea thinking it better to be ouercome fighting thaÌ„ to perish foolishly And Cornificius with great boldnes toke the Ammirall that Demochares was in who lept into another The fighte ceÌ„tmuâ—ng wyth great losse Menodorus Caluisius were séene coÌ„ming not of Caesars coÌ„pany who trauelled for their liues but of Pompeys people only who therfore retired It was néere night they would not maâ—câ— with the Frechmen they being wéery the which chanced wel for the other that were in danger In the nighte many forsooke theyr ships and went to the mountaines and made many tokâ—s of fâ—â—â— to theÌ„ that were in the sea were all that night without meate without rest wanting all things Caesar being in like case went about praid theÌ„ to hold out til the morning It was not yet knoweÌ„ that Caluisius was come neither was there any help froÌ„ the ships al being in daÌ„ger of drowning but by another good lucke the â—iâ— â–ª legion drew nigh by the mountaines whiche hearing of the losse resorted to the fires by the rocky places found their Generall theÌ„ that were with him wéery wanting all things then one did help another And they brought Caesar into an old house withoute any of his chamber being dispersed in that nightes tumult WheÌ„ he had sente aboute to shew that he was safe he vnderstoode that Caluisius was come so being recomforted by two ioyful newes he tooke rest At breake of day he loked out saw his ships some burned some halfe burned and some floting and some broken Caluisius being come he caused as much help and repaire to be made as could be and the rather bycause the enimie was gone but behold a vehement Southwind blewe and made a rough sea so as Caesars ships were againe crushed on the cliffes rockes and one against another Pompey was in the port of Messana Menedorus fearing the violeÌ„ce of the storme weÌ„t further into the sea and many followed his exaÌ„ple The other thinking the storme woulde soone haue ceassed as is wont in Spring time kept stil about the shore sauing theÌ„selues with labour but the winde waxing greater all went to wracke Cabels burst ships brake The escrie was so great that no good aduice could be heard no difference betwéene maister mariner no skil nor rule preuailed all was alike and so they perished The ships were slitte the meÌ„ were drenched they that coulde swimme were broken at the rockes and when the floud of that sea came whiche is wont to be great the ships were with new rage tossed hither and thither beating one another and the wind continuing toward night made theÌ„ feare the losse to bée in the darkenesse and not in the light Greate lamentation was made and calling one to another for help but all in vayne They that were cast into the sea cryed for help of theÌ„ in the ships They that loked for help of theÌ„ on the land were crushed at the cliffes So present death was in euery place and so great darkenesse as neyther heauen nor earth coulde be séene and so euery one looked for death whiche was more gréeuous than death it selfe Suddainely the winde ceassed and the Sunne appeared the storme hauing bin so great as the meÌ„ of that countrey affirmed they had neuer séene the like the which destroyed the most part of Caesars ships and Souldyoures who being afflicted with these newe calamities went to Vibo by land with vnpatient minde He sente for the Captaines from euery place that no mutinies mighte bée made nor trayne layde for him He appoynted his army by land to kéepe y coast of Italie that Pompey being incouraged
a confederate of such might and estimation When Antonie hearde this he sayde If Pompey meaneth good faith I haue giuen commission to Titius to bryng him to me In the meake 〈…〉 Pompeâ—â— messengers that were sente to the Parthians were taken of Antonies officers and brought to Alexandria of whome when Antonie had learned all thyngs he sente for Pompeis Embassadours and shewed them to them Then they exellâ—â—d hym beyng a yong man and in extréeme necessrie fearyng to be reâ—â—â—â—ed of him and dryâ—â—en so proue the moste mortall enimies of the people of Rome â–ª but if he were sure of Antonies mynde hée should néede no furder suyte He beâ—éeued it as a playne man and nothyng suspitious Furnius beyng president of Asia receyued Pompey very gently not beyng hable to reâ—ect hym nor sure of Antonies minde But when hée sawe hym trayne his Soldiours hée gathered an aâ—my of the countrey and sente for 〈…〉 capitayne of the armie and for Amyntas a fréende who assemblyng â–ª quickly togither Pompey complayned that hée was vsed as an enimy When he had sent Embassadours to Antonie and loked for answere from him In the meane while he practised to take 〈…〉 by the helpe of Cuâ—â—â—ne hys fréende but the practise being discouered Curio was put to death and Pompey kylled hys laâ—e bondman Theodorus who was â—nely priute to that counsell And because he doubted of Furnius he tooke the citie of Lampsaco by composition where many Italians dyd inhabite appoynted by Iulius Caesâ—r whome hée allured to his pay with great promyses Now had hée two hundreth horse and thrée regions and besieged Cyzicus both by sea and lande from the whiche he was repulsed For there was a litle bande of Antonies and certen sworde players that were brought vp there And where Furnius absteyning from battayle old cuermore encampe nigh him and kept him froÌ„ soraging which he went aboute in the territorie of the Acheans Pompey set vpon the fore parte of hys campe and sente other aboute to do the like behinde Whereby Furnius resisting him hys campe was taken of the other and dryuen to flée by the fieldes of Scamandria where Pompey killed many of them for the fielde was moyst with the shoures They that escaped durst not turne againe to the fielde The people of Mysia Propontide other plaâ—es that were pore consumed with payment came to 〈…〉 seruice beyng renounâ—ed for hys late victorie But wantyng horsemen and beyng shrewdly handâ—ed in foragyng he heard of a bande of Italian horsemen goyng to Antonie whiche Octauia had sente from Athens and sente to corrupt them with golde The president of the countrey tooke them that brought the money and distcibuted it to the horse men Pompey at Nâ—cea and Nicâ—media gathered muche money with greate successe Furnius agayne comming into the fielde and encamping nigh him there came .lxx. shippes out of Sicelie in the spryng which were leste of them that Antonie had lent Caesar And Titius came out of Syria with a hundred and twentie shippes and a greate army all the which arriued at Proconnesco of the which Pompey being afrayde burned his shippes and armed his Mariners hauing more trust in the lande But Cassius of Parma Nasidius Saturninus Therinus Antistius other honorable friendes of Pompey Furnius moste déere vnto him Libâ— himself his father in lawe when they saw that Pompey was alwayes to weake they yéelded themselues to Antonie He being thus forsaken went into y midland of Bythinia entending to go into Armâ—nia Furnius Tituis folowed him he being secrete departed out of his tents and with great iourney they ouertooke him at night and seuerally encamped aboute an hill without ditche or trenche beyng late and they weary That night Pompey set vpon them with thrée thousande men as they were sléeping put them to flée naked shamefully but if hée had assayled them with his whole power or folowed them as brokeÌ„ he had gotten perfect victory But fortune would not suffer and he got nothing thereby but that he went on his iourney They recouering horses folowed him and kepte him from victuall so as beyng dryuen to speache hée desired to speake with Furnius that was some tyme â—â— fréende of hys Fathers and a man of greate dignitie And stâ—ndyng on the banke of the riuer hée sayde hée had sente Embassadours to Antonie and in the meane season wantyng victualles dyd that hée had done If you make warre vpon mée by 〈…〉 ies commaundeme he seeth not wel for himself not receyuing a greater warre to hang ouer hym But if you do it vpon your owne authoritie I pray you and beséeche you that you would ceasie till my Embassadours returne or carie me safely to him And to you O Furni I will committe my selfe so you will promise me to deliuer me safe to Antonie Thus much hée sayde hopyng in Antonie as a gentle man and séekyng to passe his iourney quietly To whom Furnius thus answeared If thou wouldest haue coÌ„mitted thy selfe to Antonie thou shouldest haue done it at the first or beyng quiet haue looked for answeare at Mâ—â—yiene but makyng warre thou haste brought thy selfe to this case if thou repentest thée blame not vs Antonie hath appoynted Titius to receyue thée to hym therefore committe thy selfe of whom thou mayst require that thou requirest of mée For he commaunded that if thou playest the parte of an enimie to kill thée if not to bryng thée honorably vnto him Pompey was offended with Tiâ—iâ— as vnthankfull bycause hée had made this warre agaynst hym whome he once tooke and saued hym Therefore Pompey was the more grieued to come into his handes that was but a méane man whose fidelitie he suspected eyther of his behauiour or of the former iniurie hée had done him before he did him pleasure Wherefore once agayne he yéelded to Furnius desired to be taken but it was not graunted Then he desired Amyntas â—ight take him which wheÌ„ Furnius sayde he should not do bycause it were a wrong to him that had commission from Antonie and so they brake Furnius Soldiours thought hée woulde haue yéelded the nexte day to Titius But he in the night makyng fires after the 〈…〉 and founding the trompe at euery reliefe of the watche with a few went out of the campe not tellyng them what he woulde doe for hée meante to haue gone to the sea and haue set Titius campe a fire whiche 〈…〉 he had 〈…〉 had not 〈…〉 gone from him and 〈…〉 his departure and whiche may he went Then Amyntas folowed him with 〈◊〉 hundred horsemen to whom whom he drewe nigh his people forsâ—â—ke hym some openly and some secretely When he sawe himself forsaken of all sides hée yéelded to Amyntas without condition refusing Tiâ—â—â—â— conditions Thus the yonger 〈◊〉 of great Pompey was taken â–ª losing his father when he was very yong and his
tayle of the armye and tooke some of the cariage Notwithstanding they came after and brought a hundred horsemen and saide their hurte in the carriage was done by the errour of some that knewe not the couenauntes Marcellus made the hundred horsmen prisoners and solde their horses then he ranged their lande and gaue the pray to the souldioures and encamped at their Cittie where when they sawe their engines broughte and their trenches made they sente oute an Heraulte wearing a Woolfs skinne to aske pardon whiche he denyed to giue except the Aruacceans Bellans and Titthians woulde sewe for them the whiche those nations did willinglye praying that a reasonable payne beyng putte vppon them they mighte be broughte to the league of Gracchus Some of them denied that bicause they hadde bin at strife Marcellus sent the Ambassadoures of both parts to Rome there to dispute their controuersies and secretly wrote to the Senate to compounde the matter for he desired the war might be ended in his time thinking it would be for his glory The Ambassadoures of the friendes were receyued into the Cittie they of the enimies were lodged without the Cittie as the manner is The Senate would haue no peace being grieued they were not brought into the Romanes power as Nobilior would haue done that was Generall in Spaine before Therefore the Senate aunswered the Ambassadors that Marcellus should declare their plesure there forthwith sent an other army into Spaine And then was the first time that souldiors wer takeÌ„ by lot not by choice as had béene before For manye did reproue the Consulls as not vsyng themselues truely and sincerely in the choise of soldiors that they might seÌ„d to lighter enterprises as cause reqâ—â—â—â—d Therfore it séemed good then to take their soldiors by lotte of whome L. Lucullus was made Generall to whom Cornelius Scipio was lieutnant that shortely after gotte Carthage and Numantia Whiles Lucullus was comming Marcellus proclaimed warre againste the Celtiberians to whome he rendred their pledges they requiring them yet he deteyned hym long with him that wente Embassadoure for them to Rome for what cause it is vncertaine There was a suspition then which was beléeued much more by a thing that happened that is that he persuaded these people to committe their matters to him for he didde what he could to make an end of the warre before Lucullus came For after those controuersies there were fyue thousande Aruacceans that tooke Nergobrigem and Marcellus wente to Numantia and encamped within fyue myle of the Citie and droue the enimies into it Wherfore Linteuon Captain of the Numantines cried and said he woulde deale with Marcellus And being come in to talke hée saide he would leaue the Bellans Titthians and Aruacceans whom when Marcellus had accepted willingly he commaunded money and pledges to be deliuered which when he had receyued he let those people go frée This end had the warre of the Bellans Titthians and Aruaceans before the comming of Lucullus But Lucullus partly for desire of glorie and partly for néede for he was poore ledde his armie agaynst the Vacceans whiche be a people in Celtiberia next to the Aruacceans notwithstaÌ„ding the Senate determined nothing of them nor they had euer bin enimies of the people of Rome Therefore when he had passed the floude Tagus he came to the citie of Caucâ—a and there encamped They of the towne asked why he came for what purpose he molested them that were in quiet rest Who when he had answered that hee came to helpe the Carpetanes whom they had iniured they returned into the city And when the Romanes wente for forrage they kylled many which being vnderstoode the army was brought forth and they mette and fought The Caucaeans a while had the better til their shotte fayled them then they fledde not being good at a firme battell and so thrusting together at the gate there were thrée thousand slayne The next day the olde men came forth and besought Lucullus to tell them what they might doe to kéepe the Romanes fauour He required pledges an C. talentes of silner and y their horsemen shoulde serue with him which when it was graunted he saide he woulde put a garrison in the Citie and they did not denye that He put two thousand choyce souldyoures into the citie whome he commaunded to take the walles whiche béeyng done he brought in all his army and killed all without respect of age and thus by extreame crueltie they were all slaine calling vpon the Gods and the faith of the oth by the whiche the Romanes had sworne and charging the Romanes with infidelitie by the which they had murthered twenty thousande a fewe except that were in the strong and rocky places Lucullus spoyled the Citie and gaue the prey to the Souldioures purchasing an immortall infamie to the name of Rome All they of the Countrey assembled and came out of the playnes into the hils and into the strong townes carrying so muche with them as they could burning the rest that Lucullus shoulde haue no profite of them When Lucullus had made a long iourney by the hard and deserte way he came to a Citie that is called Enderacia into the whiche more than twenty thousand footemen were fledde and two thousand horsemen Lucullus suche was his foolishnesse inuited them to composition to whome they obiected the calamitie of the Vacceans asking if he woulde exhorte them to suche amitie Lucullus being angry for their obiection as the manner is of them that do naught whereas they should rather be angry with themselues wasted their land â–ª and beséeged their Citie made many trenches â–ª and continually prouoked them to fight One of them very faire in armour came many times forth on horsehacke and prouoked any Romane to fighte hand to hand and when no man answered him he laughed and scorned the Romanes and wente leaping and reioyeing home Doyng this very oft it gréeued Scipio that was a yong man who came forthe and toke the matter in hande and by the benefite of fortune ouercame the greate straunger he being but of small stature which gaue courage to the Romane But in the night they were diuersly affrighted for all the horsemen of the Barbarians whiche were gone a foraging before the Romanes came and coulde not get into the Citie ranne vpon the Camp with great alarms and they of the Citie did the like with greate vehemence sore troubling the Romanes who being afflicted wyth watche for all that night they were compelled to watche in armoure and not accustomed to the meates of that countrey and hauing neyther wyne salte nor oyle nor vinegre and did eate sodden wheate and barlie and muche fleashe of Dere and Hare without salte they fell into flixes of the whiche many dyed Thus they continued tyll they hadde brought their trenches to due height whiche being done they beat downe one part of
come vpon Pausimachus on the backe by lande At mydnyghte he set forwarde and at the mornyng watche beyng asléepe hée assayled hym He being taken thus sodainelye and vnprepared commaunded hys souldioures to leaue their shippes and resiste the enimy by lande But when Nicander came vpon him on the backe thinking the land beset also not onely of them whom hée sawe but of many mo beyng yet night he returned agayne to hys shyppes wyth muche adoe and was the firste that fought and the firste that fell vsing himselfe very valiauntlye The other were eyther taken or suncke sauing the seauen that carryed fyre wyth whome none durste meddle for the flame which fledde The rest Polyxenides ledde awaye as pryses to Ephesus After thys victorye Phocea once againe Samos and Cyme reuolted to Aâ—iâ—â—ochus Liuius beyng nowe afraide of hys Shyppes that hée lefte in Aeolide sayled thither in haste and Eumenes with hym The Rodians sent the Romanes twentye Shyppes more making no delaye all wyth good courage sayled to Ephesus preparing themselues to the fight But when none of the other came against them they lefte the halfe of their shippes a good time in the sea and with the other halfe they spoyled the coaste of the enimie tyl Nicander came vppon them from the lande and taking their praye from them droue them to their Shippes They came again to Samos â–ª and nowe was the time of Liuius office expired At this tyme Seleucus Antiochus his sonne inuaded Eumenes lande and besieged Pergamo shutting the men within the Cittie Wherefore Eumenes sayled wyth spéede to Elaea whyche is the porte Towne of his Kyngdome and L. Aemilius Regulus wyth him that succéeded Liuius in the matters of the sea There came to Eumenes from hys confederats one thousand footemen and a hundred choise horsemen Whose Generall Diophanes when hée perceyued the Souldiours of Seleucus to play and drinke he passed little of them and required the Pergameneans to sally out with him vpon the enimy But when they durste not do it he armed hys own thousand footemen and hundred horsemen and leading them to the wall stoode there quietly the enimies lookyng stil vpon them being so few yet durst not set vpon them But when they were at dinner he gaue the onset vpoÌ„ the warders the other arming theÌ„selues or taking their horses or fléeing from them that folowed or béeing in confusion durste not abide it He hadde a noble victorie the Pergamenians then crying oute of the wall but yet durste not come foorth He hauing slaine as manye as he coulde in that shorte onset and carying away some horses and men prisoners he tooke hys place the next day brought the Acheans to y wal when as the Pergamenians durste not yet come out Seleucus with many horsemen drewe neare and prouoked hym but hee stoode still at the wall and kept his charge When Seleucus hadde tarryed tyll middaye hée tourned and wente awaye Diophanes set vppon the hindermost and scattered and hurte many of them whyche béeyng done hée retired to the wall And vsyng thys manner continuallye and alwaies laying in wayte for them when they went for forrage and wood he so troubled them as he made Seleucus to leaue Pergamâ— and droue hym from the other place of Eumenes Betwéene the Romanes and Polyxenides not long after was a fyght by sea at Myonesâ—m in the whiche Polixenides hadde ten hundred armed shippes Lucius the Romanes Admirall hadde .83 of the whiche fyue and twenty were of the Rhodians whereof Eudorus beyng capitaine had the left wing When he did sée the other of Polixenides to be much aboue the Romanes he feared to bée inclosed therefore he sayled aboute with his lighte shippes and well practised in the Sea. And with his shippes that carryed fyre he set vppon Polixenides flaming on euery side with fire They durste not deale wyth them bicause of the fire but in a circle sayled about them and auoyding them kéeping the sea stroke the sides of them till one Rhodian shippe fell vppon one of the Sydonian Shippes wyth suche a vehemence as an anker fell from the Sidonian Shyppe in to the Rhodian and helde them faste togither So as there was a fight of shyppes not mouing as it had bin vpon the lande Then commyng of either side very many to helpe their fellowe there was a noble fyghte By this me ane thâ—midde battell of the Shyppes of Antiochus beyng lefte naked the Romaynes sayled forwarde and enclosed theyr vnexperte ennimyes whyche when they perceyued they turned and fledde in the whyche the King loste nine and twentye whereof thyrtéene were taken menne and all The Romanes loste but twoo Polixenides hauyng taken one Rhodian went to Ephesus This was the fyghte by Sea at Myonesium When Antiochus heard of this he fortified Cherronesus and Lysimachia verye stronglye thinking it a greate matter as it was indéede to héepe the Romanes from passyng wyth theyr armye to the reste of Thracia where they shoulde haue an harde and painefull way except Philip did conuey them But Antiochus beyng aâ—â—â—ies lighte and soone chaunging when he hearde of the losse at Myonesus hée was vlterlye dysmayed and thoughte God was againste hym For where the Romanes hadde the better on the sea beyonde all reason in the whiche he thought himselfe very mighty and Anniâ—al shutte vppe in Pamphilia and Philip conducting the Romaynes by the vnknowne wayes whome he thoughte woulde rather haue remembred the hurte he hadde by them by all these thinges béeing meruellously troubled and God taking his wiâ—â— from hym as commonly hapneth in all calamities he left Cherronesus very fondly before his enimies were in sighte not regarding howe greate preparation there was of victuall armoure money and munition whyche hée dydde not burne but lefte it whole to his ennimyes and he forsooke the Lysimachians as thoughe the Cittie hadde bene taken whyche fledde vnto hym with theyr wiues and children wéeping onelye hys care was to kéepe the Romaynes from Abydus putting the reste of his hope of thys warre altogyther in it Neyther dydde hée kéepe this passage God taking his sense from hym but went to the midde lande in haâ—â—e to preuente hys ennimye leauing no guarde there When the Scipions hearde of thys departure they went to Lysimachia in all haste and tooke all the armoure and money in Cherroneso and quicklye passed Hellespont voyde of defence and came to Sardies where the Kyng was before he perceyued it Then hée was confounded and vtterlye deiected and laying hys owne faultes vppon Fortune hée sente Heraclides of Byzance to the Scipions to make an ende of the warre offering Smyrna and Alexandrîa at Granico and Lampsaco for the whiche the warre béeganne and halfe the expences of the warre And hée willed him 〈◊〉 néede were to graunte the Citties of the Ionians and the Eoleans that tooke the Romaynes parte in thys warre and whatsoeuer thyng the Scipions woulde require
expulsed his realme by Tigranes who sent his son y he had by Selene to be brought vp in Asia and therfore was called Asiaticus whom Pompey put from y Kingdom of Syria as we haue said being y xvij K. of Syria of the house of Seleucus For I leaue out Alexander Alexanders son as bastards their seruaÌ„t Diodotus raigning but one yere whiles PoÌ„pey was about other busines The rule of Seleucus race coÌ„tinued 270. yeres And if a maâ— looke from Alexander to the Romaynes time he muste adde to these 270. yeares 14. of Tigranes This I thought good to write of the Macedonians ruling in Syria as in a treatise by the way The ende of the Râ—â—â—â—â—s vvarâ—e vvith Antiochus the Great King of 〈◊〉 ¶ The Romaines warres with the Carthaginenses by Appian of Alexandrîa THe Phoenitians did builde Carthage in Libya fiftie yeres after the taking of Troy the builders of it Xorus and Carchedon But as the Romanes and y CarthagineaÌ„s themselues think Dido a woman of Tyria whose husbaÌ„d Pygmaleon a Tiran of Tirus had killed and kept the act secret She knowing it by a vision â—â—edde with a greate deale of money and as manye as hated the Tirannie of Pigmaleon and sayled to Libya where nowe is Carthage and beeyng driuen away by the Libyans they desired so muche place to inhabite as they coulde compasse with the hyde of a Bull. A laughter was made of this tâ—â—fling spéeche of the Phoenitians who were ashamed to denye so little a matter but chiefly they maruelled howe a Cittie could be made in so little a space and being desirous to sée the subtilty by oth they promised to giue it They cut the hide into one thinne thong and compassed that part where now the castle of Carthage is and of this it was called Birsa In time roâ—â—ng from thence and fighting with their neyghbours for whom they were to good and by the vse of their shippes keping the sea after the Phoenitian manner they buylded the Citie that is without Birsa and waxed so mightie as they were Lordes of Libya and a great parte of the sea â–ª Then they made warres in farre Countries in Sicelie and Sardinia and other Iles that â—ée in the sea and in Spaine They sent out many inhabitations and had a dominion in power comparable to the Grecians and in riches to the Parthians 700. yeares after the beginning the Romanes toke from them Sicelie Sardinia and in the seconde war Spaine also Thus they inuading one another with grâ—â— armies they by the conâ—â—â—â— of Annibal xvj yeares togither wasted Italâ—e the other Cornelius Scipio the elder being Captaine afflicted Libya tâ—â— they tooke from Carthage rule nauie and ElephaÌ„ts and apointed them to paye â—â—ny by daies Then the second peace â—â—ing made betwen the Romanes them continued 50. yeres til being broken they made the third last war betwéen theÌ„ In y whiche the Romanes ouerthrewe Carthage Scipio the yonger being Generall determined it shoulde neuer be inhabited Yet they sent an habitation thither of their owne people verye nighe the former place to be a fitte defence againste Libya The matters of Sicelie be tolde in that Treatise The doings of Spaine in the Spanishe Historie And what Annibal did when he inuaded Italâ—e in the war of Annibal This booke doth compreheÌ„d all that was done in Libya from the beginning The Romanes entred this war after that of Sicelie with .v. C. xxx ships sayled into Libya and tooke many cities left Attilius Regulus with a power â–ª General there who tooke .ij. C. â—ities more whiche being wearye of Carthage yéelded to him he went on wasted their land The Carthagineans sent to the Lacedemonians for a Captaine thinking that they were ouercome for lacke of a good leader they sente Zantippus vnto them Attilius encamped at a Fen â–ª in the hote tyme went about the Fen against his enimies laden with heauy harnesse and vexed with thirst heate and hardnesse of way beaten with the shot from the â—igh places When it was almoste night he drewe â—igh a floude did diuide them â–ª therefore he passed the floud that so he might afray Zantippus But he hauing set his army in order brought it forth of his caÌ„p thynking to ouermatch them that were hote weary that the night should help his victorie and he was not deceyued of this hope for of .xxx. M. men which Attilius â—ed a few hardly escaped to the citie of Aspis the rest were al slaine or taken with them Attilius the General Consull was captiue The Carthaginians being weary sent hym not long after with their Ambassadors to Rome to worke theyr peace or to returne he in secret with the best of the Romanes persuaded them to continue the war ernestly returned willingly to the sea The Carthaginians put him in a Caue beset with yron pricks killed him This felicitie of Zantippus brought his own calamitie For the Carthaginians pretending to send him home honorably with manâ—e giftes to Lacedemonia in certaine galleys commaunded the Captaines to drowne him and them that sayled with hym This rewarde hadde he for his well doyng And these were the good and euil happes that the Romanes had in the first war in Libya til the CarthaginiaÌ„s gaue place to theÌ„ in Sicelie and how they gaue place it is declared in the waâ—re of Sicelie after the whiche there was peace betwéene Rome and Carthage The Libyans that were vnder Carthage and serued them in Sicelie and the French that were hyred had a quarell againste the Carthaginians for with-holding their wayes and made them sharpe warre They of Carthage sente for helpe to Rome as to their friendes The Romaines onely graunted them to gather men of Italy for this warre For this also was doubtfull in the capitulations and they sent some to pacifye the matter whom the Libyans would not heare but woulde make their Cities subiect to the Romaines if they would but they did not accept theÌ„ The Carthaginians with a great nauy molested their Cities and kept victuals from them by sea and being in want also by lande as is wont in warre the Libyans were ouercome and the merchauntes that passed were spoyled of the néeâ—y sorte and such of the Romanes as they killed they threâ—â— ouer boorde â—hat it shold not be seene and it was not knowen a great while and when it was knowen deuying to make recompence waâ—re was decréed against them by the Romanes in the whiche they gaue Sardinia for a payne and it was written in the former conditions Not long after the Carthaginians iâ—â—aded Spam and gote it by little and little till the Saguntines fléeing the Romaines the limites of Carthage in Spaine was not paste the floude Hiâ—eris These agréements the Carthaginenses brake and went beyonde Anniball being theyr Capitayne leauyng Iberia to be kept by other Captaines he
the admiral froÌ„ wheÌ„ce the Trumpeter must giue warning and the crier tel the time and the Admirall sée abroad The Iland was right against them that sayled drawn a great length that the Admirall might sée all in the sea and they that sayled by should not sée the places of the portes perfectly Neyther could the Merchaunts in their port sée the store for the shippes For a double wall was set about them gates did receiue the Merchaunts to go into the Citie not passing by the storehouses of the shippes At that time thus stoode the Citie of Carthage The Consuls diuided their businesse and came against their enimies Manlius from the lande againste the necke to fil the ditch to beate down the little wal and so to approch to the high walles Censorinus brought ladders both from the lande and the shippes against the part of the bowing wall They both made little accompte as of vnarmed men tyll they sounde them to haue new armour and great courage at the wounder of the whiche they gaue backe and at the beginning fayled of theyr purpose thinking to get the Citie without any fighte The seconde time attempting and againe reiected the courage of the Carthagies encreased The Consuls being afrayde of Asdruball which had his campe at their backe not far off at the poole defensed both their campes Censorinus at the Poole vnder the walles of the Citie Manlius in the necke the way to the lande And thus their camps being made strong Censorinus with his passed the Poole for stuffe to make engines where hée lost fiue hundered workemen and much armoure Imilco the generall of the horse of Carthage comming sodaynely vppon hym who was surnamed Phameas Yet getting matter he made engines and ladders and agayne they both gaue assault and were repulsed Manlius beginning a little and hardly breaking any part of the wall dispayred and left it off Censorinus filling a trenche next the narrow earth at the Poole to make it the more passable brought two greate engines that caried rammes the one was heaued with sixe thousand footemen the Colonels guiding it the other of the Mariners by the conduct of the Admiralles And contention being which should doe best both of the Capitaines and souldiours a piece of the wall was throwen down and they might sée into the Cittie The Carthaginians to repulse them repayred the breach in the night and bycause they could not finishe all by night and were afrayde that that was already done shoulde be throwen down in the daye by the Romaynes engines being newe made and gréen they ranne vpon the engines of the enimies some armed some naked hauing only burning lampes They burned not all bycause they could not preuent the Romanes but that â—â—â—y came out yet they made them all vnprofytable and returned Day being come the Romanes had bolonesse to assault y place that was fallen not fully made vp for within apeared a plain fit for to fight in the fronte of the which the armed Carthagies stoode behynde the vnarmed with stones staues other placed in the next houses to entertaine the approching enimie the which séeing such contempt of naked men leapt in boldly Scipio that not long after destroyed Carthage was called Affricane being a Marshall at that time stayed diuiding his bands into many partes and standing a distaunce from the wal would not let anye of his to enter the Citie but receyued them that were driuen out by the Carthaginians and saued them And this was the beginning of his glorie appearing more wise than the CoÌ„sul The army of Censorinus was sicke lying at the Fenne ful of standing and corrupt water not receiuing winde from y sea bicause of the high wals Therfore Censorinus remoued into the sea The Carthaginians wheÌ„ y winde blew toward the Romanes filled their boates with flaxe and brushe within the wals that the enimyes should not sée it from the shippes and when they came forth and should be séene they layd on sulphure and pitch and then set vp sayle and threw fire into the vessels the which being carried with the winde y blewe lustily into the Romane nauye sette the shippes on fire and almost burned them all Not long after Censorinus went to Rome for the election The Carthagies were the bolder vppon Manlius and in the night some armed and some vnarmed carying bridges assaulted the next trenche of Manlius and beganne to pull downe the rampire The souldiours within beyng troubled in the nighte time Scipio came with his horsemen by a contrarye parte where no enimies were and feared the Carthagies when he was comming vpon them and they retired into the Citie In this fight the souldiours disordered by night Scipio was thought to haue saued them once againe very nobly and Manlius kepte his campe more sure making a wall where the rampire was and erecting a tower towarde the sea for the shippes that brought him victual Then turning to the lande with ten thousande footemenne and two thousande horse he wasted the countrey gathering woode corne and victuall and one Tribune after another did serue the turne Phameas the Captaine of the horsemen being yong and desirous to fight and vsing little and light horses that were fedde with grasse when they had none other and to suffer hunger and thirste when néede was kéeping secret in vallies and woods wheÌ„ he saw theÌ„ negligeÌ„t came foorth of the sodayn like an Eagle and when he had spoyled he retired but wheÌ„ Scipio coÌ„maunded the army he wold not apeare For Scipio led his people euer in order the horsemen kéeping on horsebacke and in his raunging woulde not dissolue hys order before he had beset the field which he would spoyle with horsemen and armed footemen And he roade about with other bandes and kepte in the foragers that lefte their companie or went out of the compasse Therfore Phameas wold not come vpon him And this being often done Scipio had great glorye The other Captayne 's enuying gaue out that there was friendship betwéen the auncestours of Phamea and the grandfather of this Scipio The Libyans that fledde into towers and fortes that were many in the country the other Tribunes would couenaunt with them to depart assaile theÌ„ as they went but Scipio would send them home Therfore there was such a fame of his valiaÌ„tnesse and faith as they would not trust except Scipio gaue his word so as he was honoured both of his own of his enimies Comming from foraging the Libyans assaulted the castle of the nauy in the night the coÌ„fusion being great by the escries that the Carthagies made to cause the more terror MaÌ„lius kept his meÌ„ within not knowing the matter Scipio takyng two bandes of horsemen came forth with burning lightes commaunding his men not to fight bycause of the darke but onely to run about wyth the fire to séeme the more afray the
to séeke at Carthage neyther hauing it out of Libya being an other mans power nor by sea bicause of the war and winter season In the beginning of the spring Scipio set vpon Byrsa the port called Agatho Asdrubal in the night burned that parte of Agatho that was quadrate and thinking that Scipio would haue come vpon him there he being ready to resist with the Carthagies Laelius on the other side set on that part which was round And shoute being made as in a victorie they were afrayde and the Romanes without dreade clymed vp and set their beames engines and bridges vpon the brokeÌ„ places the warders being weake in bodyes for hunger and out of hart The wall that was about Catâ—onâ— being taken y market place that was nigh Scipio also toke bycause he could not passe further being night hee remayned in armes till it was day which being come he called other 3000. fresh men they went into Apollos teÌ„ple stale his picture the roufe couered with leaues of gold waying a M. â—alents cutting it with their swords their captains for bidding them til they had diuided it then went to their businesse Scipio was earnestly bent to take Byrsa which was the stroÌ„gest place of the Citie the most part was got into it And wher there was thrée ways froÌ„ y market place to it many houses very hyghe were on euery side where y Romanes being shot at they toke y first of theÌ„ there defeÌ„ded theÌ„selues froÌ„ the next wheÌ„ they had gotten them they layde planâ—kes and boardes betwéene the streygthes of them and went as vpon bridges And the battell was now as vpon chambers and vpon the streightes as they mette there All was filled with sighes cries and lamentes for diuerse passions some being killed at hande and some throwen downe from the loftes to the grounde and some receiued vpon the speares being held vp or swordes or pykes Nothing was burned for them that were on the Solares till Scipto came to Byrsa Then were thrée narrow places burned at once and as they were burned they were hidden to go to the next that the army might haue an easie way An other sight ful of griefe ther was of the flaming fire consuming all of men and houses not falling by little and little but by heapes violentlye ouerthrowen a great noyse followed for men some deade some aliue specially olde men women and children that fell with the stones that were hid in the secrete places some full of woundes some halfe burned making most pitifull crie Other driuen froÌ„ the solares fell with the fire and tymber being broken and torne horiblye diuerse ways to behold Yet was not this y end of y euils For the masons with their aâ—es and raÌ„mers some with the pointes of their forkes did rake the deade and the liuing also into holowe places of the earth turning and tossing them like stones and tymber The holes were filled with men turned vpside downe Some were set on their heades with their legges shaking aboue the ground Some with their féete downewarde stoode with their heads aboue the ground The horses treading vpon them brake their faces and theyr braynes not for that they were put on by other but of purpose and the makers of y way did all things of purpose the vehemence of the fight and the glorie of the victorie that was at hande and the forwardenesse of the army the Trumpets and the criers making noyse euery where the Tribunes and the Capitaines going wyth their men and encouraging them made all men furious and not to passe of that they did sée for great desire This continued in this broyle sixe dayes and nightes euer freshe men beyng sette in that they shoulde not be ouerladen with watche and labour and slaughter and grieuous fighte But Scipio continued without ceassing encouragyng them without sléepe and taking meate as he wente aboute his businesse tyll beyng tyred he stayed and stoode aboue to sée what was done Manye being yet slaine and the euill like to continue longer some the seauenth day fledde with garlandes suche as were vsed for Aesculapius who had a temple in the Castle moste rich goodly They desiring pardon prayed Scipio that they that wold go out of the Castle mighte haue their liues onely He graunted it the fugitiues only except and there came forth by by fifty thousande men and women being thrust togither in a maruellous streightnesse whom he commaunded to be kepte The runnawayes of Rome which were about nine hundred being without al hope fled into Aesculapius temple with Asdrubal his wife two male children froÌ„ whence they fought fiercely althoughe they were but fewe from the high and rockye places of the temple to the whiche in time of peace men went vp thrée score payre of stayres But when hunger watche feare and payne of the euil at hand beset them they left the low parte of the temple and fledde to the toppe of it in the which time Asdrubal fled secretly to Scipio with braunches of Oliue Scipio put him at his féete and shewed him to the runnawayes whiche when they saw they desired a silence to be giuen them which being done they reuiled Asdrubal many and diuerse wayes and then burned the temple and themselues And they say that the wife of Asdruball when the fire tooke being ouer againste Scipio in as good behauiour as the time would suffer and shewing hir children sayde in the hearing of Scipio To the O Romayne there is no reuenge of god for thou doest accordyng to y order of war. But Asdrubal my husbande the betrayer of his country of the temples of me his children the gods of Carthage shal punishe thou with the gods And turning to Asdrubal saide Thou wicked vnfaithfull and moste cowarde of al men me and these children this fire shall burye but thou shalt honor the triumphe that arte the great Captaine of Carthage what paine shalt thou not suffer by him before whome thou now knéelest WheÌ„ she had thus vpbraided him she killed hir children and threw them in the fire and hir selfe after Thus they say Asdrubals wife spake and died which had rather haue bin fit for Asdrubal himselfe to haue done Scipio séeing the Citie that hadde continued seauen hundreth yeares ruling ouer so many nations aboute them of such power on the lande and also of shippes by sea and Ilands in the same full of armor nauie Elephants and mony equall with the greatest kingdoms and in boldnesse and courage surpassing the whiche when they were spoyled of their ships and al their armor yet abode the warre thrée whole yeares wyth so greate famine Then séeing it vtterly destroyed by extreame siege they saye hée wept and openly pitied â–ª them that were ouercome calling to his remembrance and perceyuing that al cities nations and kingdoms were subiect to mutation as
aboue xij Mâ—talentes vpon it nor for no great holynesse but for his pleasure for his Galieries and his banquetting houses passed thys Dictator vvas he that ruled alone yet at the battell he might not be on horsebacke Caesar conquered Fraunce passed the floud â—eâ—â— and sayled into England Caesar offreth conditions The place vvâ— called â—harsalia from the vvhich Pompey fled into Egypt vvhere he vvas killed of the yong Kings Counsellers Pompey for hys valiantnesse had the name of Megnus that is Great giuen vnto him Brutus Casâ—ius These attendures the Romaines called proscriptions vvhen a decree vvas vvritten to coÌ„denme a man vvithout aunsvvere and kiâ— him vvithout lavv â—epidâ—s Antonius Octauâ—tes * Actâ—o a place in â—pirâ— The Gulfe of Ionia is from Brunâ—usia to Mont Gargone the rest is called the Gulfe of Venice Egypt Augustus is a name by the vvhich the Romaines did cal their holy things 25. Augusta temple Auguriâ—m and vvhatsoeuer Iupiter encreaseth by hys mightie povver The Senate did consult to cal him Roâ—â—dus but this name semed more holy and reuerent that vvhiles hee vvas aliue hee might be conseâ—rated as a god The order of the story vvhiche is left out in the Italian translation VVhen Caesar Octauian had ouercome Antony and Cleopatra made Egipt a prouince to the Empire of Rome he made one Cornelius Gallus lieftenant there and in token of the Conquering of that countrey firste by him hee coyned a money in the vvhiche vvas the picture of a Crocodile vvhich is there only to be seene in the floud Nilus chayned to a palme tree trees of Palmes laide ouer him vvith an inscription Col. Nem. that is Câ—lligauit Nemo signifiyng that hee triumphed of Egipt sprinkling it vvith deavv instead of rayne of vvhich there is none It vvas 500. yeares before the Romaines could conquere Italy This manner of inhabitants they called Colonies vvhich vvere taken by lot as the Greeke vvorde expresseth vvhich is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Romaines order for inhabiting the grouÌ„d The Romaines make account of the Italian nation Increase of slaues Decay of Italians This vvas called Lex Liciniâ— An Acre vvas so much ground as a payre of Oâ—en could arie in a day the measure vvhereof 240. foote in length a 120. in breadth The measure of a foote vvas 4. handes and one hand vvas foure fingers and the measure of a singer according to Geometry three barely cornes This is added 〈◊〉 the Italian translation Thys Gracchus vvas sent Pretor to Numantia vvhere the CoÌ„sul Mancinus vvas ouerthrovvne and seking for peace the Numantines vvould graunt none excepte Gracchus vvere sent to theÌ„ vvhiche being done a peace vvas made the vvhiche the Senate did not approue though xx M. Citizens vvere saued thereby beside the slaues and rascals in so much as the consul vvas sent thither againe naked bounde but Gracchus the people praysed that had saued so many CitizeÌ„s vpon vvhich occasion he became an enemye to the Senate and a friend to the people * * * A Syrian slaue in Sicelie after a mad sorte raging vvith a desire to make rebellion pretended a religion of doing honor to the goddesse of Syria and called bondemen to libertie and armes and that he might seeme to do that by the vvil of God he held a nutte in his mouth stuffed vvyth Sulphure and fire the vvhich vvhen he spake did cast forth flames * * * The olde Romaines did bury in their possessioÌ„s and it vvas long after Christ ere meÌ„ vvere buried in sacred places The poore offended The Latin translation of P. Candidus and the Italian differeth from the Greeke Gracchus talke M. Octauius reâ—isteth the lavve Gracchus to the Senate * * * The vvord signifyeth the great men or â— streight Fiue and thirtie companies â—â— Rome Gracchus excuseth himselfe of the depriuation of his fellovv Octauius depriâ—ed Q. Mummius chosen Lavv of landes Officers for the lavv Appius Claudius â–ª Gracchus labours the people Doubt in theÌ„ election Tumult bâ— Gracchus Temple of Fayth Dictator Chiefe Bishop P. Scipio Nafica Superstition The fray Gracchus slayne vvho vvas a gentle curteous man sober and eloquent vvith modestie First Sedition 〈…〉 vvas a base sonne to Lumenes by a vvench of Ephesus that vvas a Minstreâ—s daughter Aâ—â—â—â—â—s sonne to Luâ—enes made his Testament after this soâ—e Populus Romanus honorum mâ—orum haeres esto The Romaines stayed the prouince of Pergamo Aristonicus as heyre to his father inuaded it and killed Licinius Gracchus that vvas sent against him Then M. Perpenna ouerthrevv him at Strâ—â—onicâ— and vvas killed in prison by the Senates commaundement â— Flaccus P. Carbo Proclamation The Italians sueth to Scipio Scipio Tuditanus The Illirians novv Slaâ—onianâ— â–ª The people of Rome against Scipio Sempronia and Cornelia suspected of Scipios death This vvas Scipio Iunior Africanus nephevv to Scipio Affricanus that ouerthrevv Anniball Seruauntes confession Ingratitude Freedome of the Citie Fuluius Flaccus Caius Gracchus the seconde Tribune Distribution A lavv for the Tribunes benefite Gentlemen Equites The next degree to the Senators after the order of the Athâ—nians vvhen they vvere able to find an horse â–ª Iudgements of corruption Cornelius Cotta Salinator made the toll of salt Manius Acilius ouercame Antiochus Corruption Translation of Iudgements Crueltie of the Gentlemen Gracchus maketh â—â—vv vvayes Gracchus giueth voyce in elections Liuius Drusus The Senates deuice to ouerthrovv the lavves Gracchus sayleth into Afrike Colonie An inhabitance vvhere Carthage vvas Inhabitance reuoked Attilius Attilius killed Gracchus acte detested L. Opimius Auentine vvas one of the seauen hâ—ls of Rome Second seditioÌ„ The vvoodden bridge vvas at that part of Tiber that goeth to the hill Ianiculo Gracchus and Fuluius slayne This Gracchus vvas very eloquent but so vehement as he vvould moue vp and dovvne and cast his Govvne off hys shoulders Purgation of the Citie Temple of Concorde Lavv to sell lande Diuision by money Sp. Borius A Theatre vvas a place of Playes to bee seene of the people and it vvas round sauing in one place An Ampâ—â—theatre vvas round euerye vvhere Sometime the Theatres serued for the people to learne OratioÌ„s Q. Metellus Censor This Nonius of other is called Memmius and Mumius Nonius killed In this matter this Author sees meth to varie from other Metellus C. Marius vvas an enimie to the nobilitie and a laborers sonne voyde of learning and rude in manners yet so good a Souldiour as vvhen Scipio vnder vvhome he serued in Spayne vvas asked vvhome hee thought meete to be generall after him hee clapped Marius on the shoulder and sayd peraduenture this â—â—â— â–ª Obiection against the lavv Thunder stoppeth any proceeding in elections and assemblies The Citizens against the Countreymen The lavve vvonne by force Marius dissembleth A deuice of Marius to illude the lavve The vvords be â–ª 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 commentum subtilâ—â—â—â— Metellus refuseth the oth The moderatioÌ„ of Metellus Metellus banished Gracchus the runnagate vvho
the yong man gladly and required Prusias to giue the yong man some Cities to dwell in and landes to finde him He aunswered he would shortly giue him all Attalus Kingdome for whose sake he had inuaded Asia before When he had said thus he sente to Rome to accuse Attalus and Nicomedes and to call them into iudgement but Attalus wente with his armie into Bithinia to whome the Bithinians by little and little reuolted Prusias distrusting all men and hoping that the Romanes woulde deliuer hym from this danger obteyned fiue hundred Thracians of Diegelies hys father in lawe and to these onely he committed his body fleeyng into the Castell at Nicaea the Pretor of Rome not bringing Prusias messengers to the Senate spéedily bycause he fauoured Attalus but at last being brought and the Senate commaunding him to choose Embassadors that might ende the warre he chose thrée men of the whiche one had his head stricken with a stone and had an euill fauoured scarre left another had his féete festered with a sore the thyrde was compted an ydiot In so muche as Cato iesting at this Embassage saide it had neyther minde féete nor head The Embassadors went into Bithinia and commanded them to ceasse warre Nicomedes and Attalus dissembling to obey the Senate the Bithinians being set on sayde they coulde not any longer beare the crueltie of Prusias now especially that they were knowen to be against him The Embassadors bycause the Romanes hadde not yet heard of this matter departed doing nothing Prusias despayring of the Romanes in whome he had most trust no help comming by them he went to Nicomedia to get the Citie and to defend himselfe against his enimies but they forsooke him and shutte the gates against him and Nicomedes came with his army and certayne of Nicomedes host being sent of him killed Prusias fléeing to the Temple of Iupiter Thus Nicomedes raigned in Bithinia for Prusias and he in time ending his life hys sonne Nicomedes that was called Philopater â–ª succéeded the Romanes â–ª giuing him his fathers kingdome by decrée of Senate Thus wente the state of Bithinia and if we will learne all the nephewe of this another Nicomedes leste the Romanes hys heire by testament Who ruled Cappadocia before the Macedonians I can not well tell whether they were vnder a King of their owne or vnder Darius It should séeme that Alexander left these nations tributarie to the rulers when he went against Darius and so it semeth that Amisus a Citie of the Athenian kind did bring in the peoples rule according to the Countreys manner And it is sayde of Hieronimus that he did not subdue all these Cities but by the coast of Pamphilia and Cilitia turne another way againste Darius Perdiccas that succéeded Alexander in Macedonia did put to death Ariarathe ruler of Cappadocia eyther for that he reuolted or woulde haue made it for the Macedonians and appoynted for these nations Eumenes of Cardia When Eumenes was destroyed being iudged an enimie to the Macedonians Antipater that after Perdiccas ruled the Countries that Alexander had gotten sente Nicanor to rule Cappadocia And the Macedonians not long after béeyng at ciuill debate Antigonus gote Syria and expuised Laomedonta Mithridates béeyng hys familiar and of the bloud royall of Persia Antigonus dreamed that he did sowe the grounde wyth golde and that Mithridates dyd carrie the golde to Pontus when it was reaped wherefore hée tooke hym and woulde haue kylled hym but he fledde wyth syre Horse and fenced a place in Cappadocia many reuolting to hym In thys tumulte of Macedonie by little and little he gotte Cappadocia and the Nations confynes to Pontus and greately enlarging hys Realme hée lefte it to hys Chyldren They raigned one after another tyll the sirth after the fyrste Mithridates whiche made warre with the Romanes Of this stocke the Kynges of Cappadocia and Pontus conuning I thynke it to bée knowen who diuided the Kingdome some reigning in Cappadocia and some in Pontus Thys Mithridates was first a friend to the Romanes and sente Shyppes and some little helpe agaynste the Carthaginiens that was called Euergetes whyche ouerranne Cappadocia as a straunger And Mithridates hys some succéeded who was named Dionisius and Eupater The Romanes commaunded hym to gyue place in the Kingdome of Cappadocia and to Ariobarzanes that sought to them and thought himselfe to be nygher to that Kingdome than Mithridates or else bycause they suspected the Kyngdome of Mithridates growyng so greate and vnder the hande woulde diuide it into more partes and hée suffered it but agaynste Nicomedes that was of Nicomedes Prusia hys sonne and by the Romanes appoynted to reigne as in his fathers kingdome he sent Socrates brother to Nicomedes that was called Chrestus with an armie Socrates toke the kingdome of Bythinia to himself At this time Mithrias and Bagoas expuising Ariobarzanes whom the Romanes had set in the kingdome of Cappadocia put Ariarathes into it The Romanes did restore bothe Nicomedes and Ariobarzanes into their proper kyngdomes sendyng certaine Embassadours for that purpose whereof Manius Acilius was chiefe and commaunded Lucius Cassius that had a litle armie in Pergamo in Asia to helpe to it and also Mithridates Eupator But hée beyng offended with the Romanes for Cappadocia and by them beyng put from Phrygia as wée haue shewed in the Gréeke matters did not helpe Cassius and Manius with that armie they had and gatheryng a greater of the Galatians and Phrygians sent Nicomedes into Bithynia and Ariobarzanes into Cappadocia and persuaded them bothe beyng neyghboures to Mithridates to molest hys countrey and prouoke hym to warre and the Romanes woulde be their mayntayners in it But bothe they alyke affected durst not prouoke Mithridates fearyng hys mighty power But the Ambassadours â—rgyng them Nicomedes that had promised to gyue the Embassadours muche money for hys restitution and to the Souldiours which yet hée ought and beyng in debte further to the Romanes for money lente hym for hys other matters vnwillyngly hée inuaded Mithridates lande spoyled as farre as the Citie Amastris none resistyng hym or méetyng with hym For albeit Mithridates had hys armie ready yet hée refrayned to haue the more and iuster cause of warre When Nicomedes was returned home with a great pray Mithridates sente Pelopida to the Romane Capitaynes and Embassadours not ignorant that they were his enimies and causes of this inuasion yet he dissembled sought more manifest causes of the warre to come Pelopida told them that Phrygia was taken froÌ„ them and Cappadocia that had alwaies bene his auncestours and left him of his father Phrygia was giuen him of your general as a rewarde for the victorie gotten of Aristonico neuerthelesse redéemed of the same generall with a great summe of money Nowe you sée sayde he that Nicomedes shutteth the mouth of Pontus and spoyleth his land as farre as Amastris and carried away so great a bootie as your
selâ—e well know My Kyng hauing power will sufficient to reuenge â–ª doth suffer that you may be witnesses of sight of his iniuries The which bycause you know and sée Mithridates desireth you friends and confederates as a friende and confederate for so do the couenants tearme vs that you woulde helpe vs against Nicomedes that dothe vs wrong or forbid him to do vs any more Thus sayd Pelopida Nicomedes Embassadors making aunswere to the contrarye sayde that Mithridates had long layd traynes for Nicomedes and sent Socrates with an army for that kingdome which would haue bin quiet and iustly suffered his elder brother to raigne Thus did Mithridates againste Nicomedes whome you O Romanes appoynted Kyng of Bithinia Whereby it is manifest that these things be done not more againste vs then against you By the like authoritie it being commaunded to the Kings of Asia that they should not meddle with Europe he hath taken much of Cherronesus and these be his aâ—es against you of despighte disdeyne and disobedience His great preparatioÌ„ and so great furniture as to a great and notable warre as well of his owne armye as of consederates of â—â—racia and Scythia and other nigh nations He hath married with the King of Armenia He hath sente into Egypt and Syria to allure those Kings He hathe thrée hundreth armed Shippes and is making more He hath sent for maysters and gouernoures of Shippes into Phenâ—â—ia and Egypt All this is not against Nicomedes but against you O Râ—manes done by Mithridates disderning euer since you haue commaunded hym to leaue Phrygia as no right possession which by decepte he bought for money of one of youre Generals Being gréeued also that Cappadocia is giueÌ„ by you to Ariâ—barzanes fearing your increase and taking occasion against you by vs and if 〈…〉 to deceyue you It is wisedome not to tarrie till he conf 〈…〉 make warre against you but rather to looke to his actes than to his wordes nor to be deceyued with his counterfet naâ—â— of frendship and to forsake youre true and firme friendes in déede neyther to sée your iudgemente of our Kingdome to be despised of him that is an enimie both to vs and you Thys sayde Nicomedes Embassadoures Pelopidas came agayne to the Romanes audience once more accusing Nicomedes of the things that were done of old and prayd the Romanes to be Judge These things that now be done sayde he he hath done in your sight Mithridates Kingdome he hathe diminished the Sea he hath shutte spoyles he hathe carryed away This néedeth no debating or consultation but we once agayne pray you eyther to correct that is done or to help Mithridates do that that hath suffered the wrong or lastly O Romanes not to forbidde hym to reuenge himselfe but let them two trye it out This aunswered Pelopidas It was certayne that the Romanes fauoured Nicomedes and for a fashion heard their controuersies but somewhat they were moued at the wordes of Pelopidas And bycause Mithridates was yet in league with the Romanes and stoode in doubt what to aunswere presently and hauing with wisedome considered the matter they aunswered thus Neyther will we haue Mithridates suffer any thing wrongfully of Nicomedes neyther suffer warre to be made vpon Nicomedes for we thinke it not good for the Romanes that Nicomedes should be hurt When they had thus sayde and Pelopidas woulde haue made aunswere to their sentence so doubtfull they wente from the seate When Mithridates sawe that he was manifestly iniured of the Romanes he sent his sonne Ariarathes with a great army to reigne in Cappadocia and he expelled Ariobarzanes and had the kingdome Pelopidas commyng agayne to the Romane officers said thus What Mithridates hath borne at your haÌ„ds O Romanes being spoiled of Phrygia and Cappadocia you haue heard What hurt Nicomedes hath done him you sée let it passe we appealing to your amitie and leage And as though we were the accusers and not accused you aunswere that you thinke it not profitable for the Romane state that Nicomedes shoulde be hurte as though he were iniured You O Romanes are the cause that things be done in Cappadocia againste the state of Rome For thorough youre contempt of vs and your subtill aunsweres Mithridates hathe done thys and now he sendeth Embassadoures againste you to youre Senate to whome he sendeth you worde to aunswere and that you attempt nor begin any thing to kindle this warre withoute the common consent of the Romanes And that Mithridates hathe in his fathers kingdome conteyning in length twenty thousande furlongs gotten many nations about hym Colchos a warlike nation and the Gréekes that dwel at Pontus and the Barbarians that be next them He hath friends ready to do his commaundement Scythians Taurians Basternians and Sarmatians and all that be about Tanais and Hister and the fenne of Maeotis â–ª Tâ—rbanes of Armenia is his sonne in lawe and Arsaces the Parthian hys friende He hath a nauie of Shippes whereof some bée readye and some to be made â–ª and a furniture conueniente in all poyntes The Bithinians dyd not nowe saye vntruely to you of the Kynges of Egypt and Syria who be lyke not onely to take oure parte if warre bée made but also Asia that you haue lately gotte Grecia and Libya and many nations of Italy that can not beare youre ambition do make an endlesse warre wyth you whych bycause you cannot ceasse you sette Nicomedes and Ariobarzanes vppon Mithridates by turne You say you are friends and confederates and you aunswere so but you vse hym as an enimie Nowe then go to if of things past you repente yée eyther forbiddâ— Nicomedes to molest your friends and if you doe this I promise you that Mithridates shall ayd you against the Italians or breake that fayned friendship â–ª or let vs goe to be iudged at Rome This sayde Pelopida And bycause it séemed too presumptuous â–ª they commaunded that Mithridates shoulde not deale with Nicomedes nor Cappadocia and that they woulde sette Ariobarzanes in his kingdome agayne and that Pelopidas shoulde depart froÌ„ their Camp and no more returne as Embassadoure except the King woulde stand to this order Thus they aunswered â–ª and sente hym awaye wyth kepers â–ª that he shoulde corrupte none as he wente When this was sayde not tarrying the Senates wyll for the warre or the peoples consente they gathered an army of Bithinia and Cappadocia and Paphlagonia and Galatia in Asia Theyr owne armye which Lucius Cassius had in Asia was ready and all their confederates gathered togither whyche they diuided into diuers Campes Cassius in the middest of Bithinia and Galatia Manius that way that by Bithinia was against Mithridates Appius with another army at the hylles of Cappadocia hauâ—â—g horse and footemen to the number of fortie thousand They had a nauie of Shippes whyche Minutius Rufus and Caius Popilius gouerned kéeping the mouth of Pontus Nicomedes came to them wyth fiftie thousand footemen and sixe