Selected quad for the lemma: land_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
land_n	john_n	king_n	time_n	3,074	5	3.4915	3	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A16482	The trauellers breuiat, or, An historicall description of the most famous kingdomes in the world relating their situations, manners, customes, ciuill gouernment, and other memorable matters. / Translated into English.; Relazioni universali. English	Botero, Giovanni, 1540-1617.; Johnson, Robert, fl. 1586-1626.	1601 (1601)	STC 3398; ESTC S115576	135,154	186

the tenths of Ecclesiasticall liuings in mines tributes customes The profits of the Church liuings amount to a good summe of money for in this kingdome there were seuen cathedrall Churches threescore Monasteries of men and women endowed with most rich reuenues First Gustan and after his sonne Eric seised the greatest part thereof into their possessions Some of the foresaid mines are wrought at the kings charges some at the charge of priuate persons allowing onely the tenth part Of three copper-workes I haue knowne the tenth part which is the kings to amount to the value of three thousand dolars yeerely hereby estimation may be made of the siluer and lead But his taxes do far surpasse all other things for he leuieth the tenth of rie wheat barley fish oxen skins and such like Of the tenth of oxen at some times he hath gathered 18. thousand and with them maintayneth his court his officers his nauie and his armies for in the time of warre either with the Dane or Moscouite he alloweth his soldiers victuals and by this meanes prouideth it at verie easie rates as well offending as defending The marriage of the kings daughters is at the disposition of the people they allow them besides siluer plate and other gifts one hundred thousand dolars for a dowrie Of the vplandish people and others which pay not the imposition of victuals the king is accustomed to exact of euerie poll according to his ability fiue dolars or more yeerely The customes are paide in the hauen townes the chiefe where of are Calma●e Lod●●is and Stockholme where a● some times three hundred ships of burthen are to be seene Abo Auge Reualia Parnouia Narue It is thought that the king doth lay vp in his treasuries sixe or seuen hundred thousand dolars besides the expences vpon the fortresses of Reualia and Viburgh There are maintained in Sweueland and Gothland about thirtie two troupes euerie one consisting of fiue hundred or six hundred soldiers al harquebusiers alwaies ready to march whither occasion calleth Bicause of the thicknes of the woods the horsemen serue with petronels and seldome vse pikes or lances The footemen are most excellent for euerie soldier is able to make and furnish himselfe with any furniture whatsoeuer euen to the making of his owne flaske and tuchboxe as likewise the common people in Per●●ia and the neighbouring prouinces being contented with a little haue alwaies accustomed to make all implements for their houses and bodies to build to weaue to play the taylors to sow to reape and to forge tooles fit for their busines And as for those trades which are neither common nor necessarie as to paint to worke in siluer and such like there are notwithstanding found among them verie good workemen wanting rather matter then art to worke vpon The Sweuian horsemen are diuided into thirteene companies Sweueland and Gothland maintaine eleuen and Finland two and vpon necessitie they can raise a greater force for the Dukedome of Vermeland as report goeth is able to furnish better then ten thousand men with horse In Marchland there is such plentifull breede of horse that there they are sold at a verie low rate both these prouinces are in Gothland Their horse is not so bigge bodied as the Frieslander but exceeding strong hardy actiue able to endure trauell and fed with a little I will not omit to speake of two noble vsages of the king of Sweueland towards his soldiers one is that if a soldier be taken prisoner he is ransomed at the kings charges the other that if his horse be slaine the king bestoweth an other vpon him He giueth yeerely to his captaines and those which serue on horsebacke in part of payment of their wages a garment which the Romanes termed Idolis and may be taken for a cassocke As touching their sea affaires by reason of their huge sea coast and infinite hauens the kingdome swarmeth with marriners and shipping which the king may arrest in his dominions as other princes are accustomed to doe he maintaineth commonly fiftie ships of warre whereof euerie one carrieth fortie pieces of ordinance more or lesse King Gustan brought in the vse of galleies In the warre which king Iohn waged with the Danes before the peace treated on at Stetin was agreed he put to sea seuentie great ships besides others of smaller burthen in which were 22000. fighting men In the sommer time they warre at sea in the winter at land for then the riuers are frozen as likewise the sea neere the shore for a great space Seeing I haue spoken of guns I will adde this much that the king is thought to haue about eight thousand great pieces the most part of brasse and that he could cast many more if he had more store of tinne In the castle of Stockholme onely are numbred fower hundred Vpon the west side of Sweueland is Denmarke on the east Moscouie with both which he hath had long warre The Sweuians haue suffered much losse by the Denmarkes for king Christian the second besieged Stockholme and forced it committing all kinde of crueltie against the inhabitants filling the citie with blood and dead carcasses The title which the Dane pretendeth to the crowne of Sweueland is the cause of their enimities The hauens the situation of the countrey and especially Gotland which is a member of Gothia and therefore the Sweuian claimeth it as his right affoordeth the Dane this facilitie of inuading it at his pleasure After Gustan recouered the kingdome he and his sonne Henrie and Iohn raigned successiuely and although blood enough hath beene shed in the wars betweene Gustan and the Danes yet the kingdome hath retained her honor and the citie of Lubecke the mightiest state in that sea sometimes by confederating with the one sometime with the other doth in so euen a ballance pease the differences of these two nations as it suffereth not the one to practise against the other vpon the perill that may ensue to the offender In warring with the Moscouite the Sweuian hath the most aduantage because Finland which bordereth vpon Russia by reason of the great lakes marishes wherof it is full yeeldeth hard perillous passage to the enimie oftentimes swallowing vp whole armies in those congealed waters there he keepes the castles of Viburge Narue Reualia other piles and peeces vpon the borders of the great Duke of Moscouia excellent well fortified as bridles to stoppe his violent courses In which he doth very wisely for those pieces which lie in the territories of our enimies are to be regarded most carefully because they bring foorth two notable effects first they defend what is ours and offend what is the enimies The further they are distant from our borders the better they stand vs in steed for while the enimy is occupied in besieging thereof our owne state standeth in quiet and time affoordeth meanes for rescue or deliuerie thereof at leysure and that without spoile to our owne people or losse of our proper

leagues in length and 100. in bredth euen from the south Ocean to Andi in the east The mercilesse furie of the waters in some places standing and moorish in other running haue gainesaid and put a period to their further progresses when without any colorable or iust cause they inuade their confining neighbours They most ridiculously pretend that in the vniuersall deluge mankind was preserued in their countrey and so by tradition haue been nuzzeled in the true ancient religion which as they say they are bound in conscience to sowe and disperse in the mindes of all men either by faire meanes or foule Their chiefe gods are Viracoca that is to say the Creator of all things and the Sunne Inga Pacacuti who instructed them in their superstitions when he had beautified the temples with offrings and sacrifice assigned none to the temple of Viracoca alleaging that forasmuch as he is the maker of all things he needeth not any thing Amongst other memorable ordinances by him instituted in the winning of countries one was that the conquered land should be diuided into three parts the first dedicated to the gods and maintenance of the charge of their ceremonies the second and greatest portion was giuen to Inga therewith to maintaine his estate the expences of his court parents barons and garrisons the third was distributed amongst the soldiers no man could claime propertie in any thing to say this is mine but by the fauour and sufferance of Inga neither might that descend by inheritance The landes belonging to the people and comminaltie were yeerely limited and so much allotted to euery man as might be thought sufficient for the sustentation of his family some yeeres more some lesse without exaction of any rent in liew whereof they conditioned to manure the lands of Inga and the gods the increase they stored in most ample garners thereunto appointed from whence in time of scarcitie it was shared amongst the people the like they did with their cattel diuiding them by head which point of gouernment in mine opinion farre exceedeth either the partitions of Lyeurgus or the Agragrian lawes of the Romaines Besides merchandize incredible treasures of gold and siluer are transported out of Noua Hispania and Peru of those treasures commonly Peru yeeldeth two parts and Noua Hispania the third which is more rich in commodities then Mexico Amongst the rest it giueth Cochinella a merchandize of inestimable value and infinite store of Hides The Ilands affoord plentie of hides cotten wooll sugar cannafistula hard waxe and pearles Amongst these riches and treasures of Peru two things are woonderfull one that in the siluer mines which were discouered in Potosie in the yeere 1545. there is and hath beene found so huge a masse of Bullion that the fift part which is the kings in the space of fortie yeeres amounted to one hundred and eleuen millions of Pezoes neither yet did two third parts pay their due to his maiestie The other is the quick-siluer mines in Guancaualcan found in the yeere 1567. out of which the king hath receiued 40000. Pezoes all charges defraied It is a strange thing to note that whereas mother Nature hath interlaced so riotously her golden and siluer veines in the bosome and wombe of Peru it hath bestowed no such blessing vpon her neerest daughter Brasile but in stead thereof hath inriched her with a most temperate and holsome aire with many pleasant springs and large riuers not without sufficiencie of wood she hath diuided the land into fruitefull plaines and delightsome hils clothed it with the beautie of continuall greenenesse abounding about beliefe with sugar-canes which the Portugals there planted and now transport in infinite numbers into forreine regions The Philippinae may well be termed the appendances to this new world and although in respect of their site by reason of their proximitie they may be thought a part of Asia yet the discouerers thereof trauelled through new Spaine before they could discouer them of which Ilands more then 40. are subiect to this soueraigntie and by them haue been reduced to a ciuill kinde of life and policie Now bauing generally run ouer the spacions I will not say boundlesse members of this empire let vs diuide the discourse thereof as much as concernes the strength and policie into fower particulars the first whereof shall intreate of his pieces in Europe the second of his dominions in the newe world the third of his territories of the west and south coast of Africke the fourth of his principalities in India and Asia The prouinces which he hath in Europe are of the most puissant powerfull sort that are comprehēded in this limitation Spaine it selfe hath bin alway acknowledged for so wealthy so puissant and so spacious a kingdome that not without good cause it may challenge the primacie of all the prouinces and of the continent if not in any consideration else yet in regarde that the Romaines Carthaginians continued so long and so cruell wars for the possession and royalty thereof The Gothes and Vandals when they had with the streames of their ouerflowing multitudes swarmed ouer the greatest part of the Romaine empire here sat them downe and made it the place of their inhabitation Trebellius Pollio termeth it and France the iointes and sinewes of the Romaine empire Constantine when he diuided the empire preferred it before Italie And in the diuision when England France Spaine and Italie fel to his lot he little esteeming the last and voluntarily leauing it to his competitor contented himselfe with the three formost Who knoweth not that the kingdome of Naples is the flower of the Italian prouinces Who seeth not that nature hath confined and heaped into this territorie as if it were into her closet all those delightfull happinesses which with her owne hands she hath here and there scattered and dispersed through the other of the European prouinces What can we say otherwise of the Duchie of Millaine And for Sicil it may be compared to any yea it surpasseth all the Ilands of the Mediterranean for fertilnes for the concourse of merchants for artizans singular for populous townes and for stately edifices The gouernment of Spaine is absolute and kingly in their regiment we may see that they haue attained to such perfection of aduisednes that all things are purposely discussed and questioned in seuerall counsels before they are put in execution Where the graue and considerate counsels of Fabius are receiued when the rash and headie precepts of Marcellus are reiected Innouations and change of ancient customes are auoided in regard whereof Innocent the eight was woont to say that the Spaniard was so compleat in gouernment that in this respect he neuer erred or miscarried and by this policie he gouerneth nations different in natures and dissonant in lawes and fashions Castilians Arragons Biskaines Portuguezes Italians Dutchmen Indians Christians and Gentils with such peaceable vnion as if they were his owne naturall subiects And whereas some obiect that this

Pacquin wherein the king keepeth his court is situated in 48. degrees The Empire is diuided into fifteene prouinces sixe maritime Cantan Foquem Chiqueuan Pantora Nanquij the rest inland Quichiu Iuana Quancij Suiuam Fuquam Cansij Xianxij Nonam Sancij The prouinces of Quinci Cantan and Foquem are diuided from the vplandish with mountaines like the Alpes but not aboue two daies iourney asunder Thomas Perez the king of Portugals ambassador made fower moneths iourney from Cantan to Nanquij alwaies bearing northerly It is not so spacious but it is as fertil for it yeeldeth not only what is fitting for humane life but whatsoeuer the delicate and effeminate appetite of man may lust after Many plants yeeld fruit twice or thrice a yeere and that not onely by the temperature of the aire but by the number of riuers and plentie of waters which doe both cause traffike through euery corner of the region and so water it on all sides that it resembleth a most pleasant and delectable garden plot Of this plentie there are two causes one the prodigall expences of the king in digging of trenches through the whole land sometime cutting through rockie mountaines sometime damming vp deepe vallies to make them leuell with high mountaines to draine the waters of lakes and marishes the other for that the whole region is situated vnder the temperatre Zone and in no place either by nature or mans industrie wanteth moisture so that all creatures taking nourishment of heate and moisture must needes here wonderously prosper In no place plants may take larger scope to spread their branches nor cattell larger walkes to wander in then in this countrie The last reason is for that the idle are neither seuerely punished nor altogether tolerated euery one is forced to doe somewhat no foote of land is left vnhusbanded nor dram of stuffe cast away vnwrought Amongst all admirables one thing is woorthie consideration that in Cantan they keepe fower thousand whales to grinde corne and rice In China euery one is set about somewhat according to his yeeres and strength one laboureth with his hand one with his foote one with his eie another must be dooing with his toong those onelie who are impotēt in their limes haue no friends liuing to succour them are prouided for in hospitals That none may excuse themselues in saying he can do nothing euery one is bound to learne his fathers occupation which is the reason that the children borne as it were tradesmen learne their fathers occupations before they perceiue it becomming in time most artificiall mechaniques He that can not liue at lande seeketh his maintenance at sea for that is no lesse inhabited then the land yea infinite housholds liue vpon the riuers in boats without comming to land for a long season Some of these liue by ferrying ouer people some by transporting passengers and their merchandise others keepe shops other vessels of lodgings for merchants and trauellers Whatsoeuer is needfull for clothing for foode or nourishment delight or case of a ciuill life is to be found in the midst of great riuers Many nourish all sorts of poultrie especially ducks in their vessels To hatch the egges and nourish the yoong ones they vse not the dams as we do but an artificiall heate in a manner as they do in Egypt especially at Cair All night he keepeth them in his boat at morning sendeth them to feede in the fields sowed with rice whence all day long hauing fed vpon the weeds to the great good of the husbandman they returne towards euening to their cages at the sound of a little bell or cimball Many liue by carrying fish both salt and fresh into the high countries for in the spring when the riuers rise through thawes and land-flouds so incomparable quantities of sea fish do abound in the hauens or creekes that the fishermen depart rather wearied then wanting This fish the skippers buy for a small matter of the fishermen and keeking them aliue in certaine vessels made for the purpose they transport them into prouinces farre remote from the sea There they are sold and preserued in pooles and stewes neere cities and great townes to serue the markets and tables of the Chinois all the yeere long Because it is forbidden any inhabitant to passe out of the land without leaue and therewith neither but for a time limited it must needs be that by the daily increase of people the countrey be euen pestered with inhabitation It hath beene obserued amongst themselues that for euery fiue that haue died seauen haue beene borne The climate is so temperate and the aire so wholesome that in mans memorie any vniuersall pestilence hath not beene knowen to infest the countrey Notwithstanding least any man should thinke this people to enioy all sweetes without some mixture of sower you must note that their earthquakes are more dreadfull to them then any pestilence to vs for whole cities haue beene swallowed and prouinces made desart by this punishment They choke vp the course of ancient chanels and make new where were neuer any before they lay mountaines leuell with the ground making hauocke of the people In the yeere 1555. a deluge breaking out of the bowels of the earth deuoured 180. miles of firme land with the townes and villages standing thereupon those which scaped the floud lightning and fire from heauen destroied There are saide to be in China 150. cities 235. great townes 1154. castles and 420. boroughes without wals wherein soldiers are quartered of villages and hamlets some of them conteining a thousand housholds the number is infinite for the countrey is so couered with habitation that all China seemeth but as one towne They haue two metrapolitan cities Nanquin and Panquin In Nanquin towards the north the king keepeth his court Vnder the iurisdiction of the one are seuen prouinces vnder the other eight Both of them are so spacious that it is a daies iourney for a horseman to ride from one end to the other Of the number of inhabitants no certainty can be produced but according to manuscript relations and report of trauellers it is said that the kingdome containeth 70. millions of liuing soules This is an admirable report and not to be beleeued if it be compared with the prouinces of Christendome but surely something aboue conceite is to be credited to these spacious populous and barbarous nations Let vs set the largenes of their prouinces the circuite of their cities their plentie and aboundance of all things and in all places either prospering by nature or mans industrie with their numbers and inhabitation and we shall finde a countrey like inough to affoord such a reckoning cities and dwellings able to containe them and nourishment sufficient to maintaine them Italy exceedeth not nine millions Germany excluding the Swissers and Netherlands not ten and with the foresaid prouinces not aboue fifteene which number peraduenture France may reach vnto Spaine is farre inferior to Italy Sicilie hath but