that_o not_o only_o the_o country_n possess_v by_o the_o old_a german_a nation_n be_v all_o reduce_v under_o his_o obedience_n but_o all_o those_o that_o lay_v upon_o the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o that_o part_n of_o poland_n which_o lie_v on_o the_o west_n of_o the_o vistula_n which_o be_v then_o inhabit_v by_o the_o sclave_n for_o history_n say_v they_o also_o be_v either_o tributary_n to_o that_o prince_n or_o majestatem_fw-la comiter_fw-la coluisse_fw-la be_v homager_n to_o his_o crown_n 6._o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o german_a be_v of_o what_o nation_n charles_n the_o great_a be_v writer_n have_v very_o fond_o endeavour_v to_o have_v it_o believe_v he_o be_v their_o countryman_n as_o be_v bear_v at_o ingelheim_n a_o town_n in_o the_o bishopric_n of_o mentz_n but_o now_o under_o the_o elector_n palatine_n and_o in_o a_o ancient_a charter_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o fuld_n the_o land_n upon_o the_o river_n unstrut_v in_o thure_v be_v call_v the_o land_n of_o his_o conception_n and_o that_o he_o use_v the_o german_a tongue_n be_v apparent_a by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o month_n use_v in_o his_o time_n which_o be_v still_o retain_v in_o germany_n and_o be_v think_v to_o have_v be_v introduce_v by_o he_o but_o if_o the_o german_n will_v suffer_v i_o a_o foreigner_n to_o pass_v my_o judgement_n in_o this_o affair_n though_o i_o be_o not_o at_o all_o dispose_v to_o favour_v the_o french_a in_o their_o other_o pretence_n to_o the_o damage_n of_o the_o german_n yet_o i_o will_v persuade_v they_o here_o free_o and_o willing_o to_o renounce_v their_o pretence_n to_o charles_n the_o great_a and_o the_o rather_o because_o it_o can_v bring_v no_o injury_n to_o their_o present_a empire_n for_o it_o be_v certain_a the_o frank_n place_v the_o seat_n of_o their_o empire_n in_o germany_n and_o it_o be_v no_o less_o frank_n a_o frank_n certain_a that_o the_o father_n of_o charles_n the_o great_a father_n by_o his_o father_n be_v king_n of_o france_n and_o all_o his_o progenitor_n have_v for_o many_o age_n live_v in_o great_a honour_n and_o manage_v great_a employment_n in_o that_o kingdom_n beside_o those_o part_n of_o germany_n france_n and_o bear_v in_o france_n which_o lie_v on_o the_o west_n of_o the_o rhine_n and_o be_v then_o subject_a to_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n be_v possess_v by_o they_o as_o accession_n acquire_v to_o that_o kingdom_n by_o conquest_n and_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o conquer_a province_n and_o every_o man_n be_v esteem_v to_o be_v of_o the_o same_o nation_n his_o father_n be_v and_o in_o which_o he_o have_v place_v the_o seat_n of_o his_o fortune_n and_o hope_n after_o his_o father_n and_o ancestor_n the_o sole_a consideration_n that_o a_o man_n be_v bear_v in_o this_o or_o that_o country_n will_v hardly_o be_v allow_v to_o make_v a_o man_n of_o a_o different_a nation_n from_o his_o father_n unless_o we_o can_v believe_v that_o if_o the_o present_a king_n of_o sweden_n have_v be_v bear_v in_o prussia_n he_o have_v be_v to_o have_v be_v esteem_v a_o prussian_a and_o not_o a_o swede_n nor_o be_v that_o part_n of_o germany_n which_o lie_v on_o the_o west_n of_o the_o rhine_n esteem_v a_o part_n of_o france_n till_o under_o charles_n the_o great_a it_o be_v unite_v to_o that_o kingdom_n and_o in_o the_o first_o timeâ—_n that_o follow_v when_o his_o posterity_n have_v divide_v their_o ancestor_n dominion_n among_o they_o the_o historian_n frequent_o distinguish_v between_o the_o latin_a or_o western_a france_n and_o the_o german_a or_o eastern_a france_n which_o be_v the_o same_o with_o germany_n and_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o after_o the_o time_n of_o the_o otho_n that_o name_n of_o germany_n by_o degree_n grow_v out_o of_o use_n the_o objection_n make_v on_o the_o account_n of_o the_o use_n of_o the_o german_a language_n by_o charles_n the_o great_a may_v be_v thus_o easy_o tongue_n though_o he_o use_v the_o german_a tongue_n answer_v the_o gaul_n have_v be_v long_o subject_a to_o the_o roman_n by_o degree_n lose_v their_o own_o tongue_n and_o embrace_v that_o of_o their_o conqueror_n so_o that_o at_o last_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o footstep_n of_o the_o old_a celtic_a leave_v among_o they_o but_o then_o the_o frank_n bring_v their_o german_a tongue_n along_o with_o they_o and_o without_o doubt_n do_v not_o present_o forget_v it_o but_o then_o as_o the_o frank_n neither_o destroy_v nor_o expel_v the_o gaul_n but_o only_o assume_v the_o government_n and_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o country_n from_o whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o those_o who_o be_v descend_v of_o the_o frank_n be_v employ_v in_o the_o great_a affair_n and_o the_o gaul_n as_o a_o conquer_a people_n be_v keep_v under_o but_o then_o as_o two_o river_n of_o different_a colour_n unite_n in_o one_o stream_n may_v for_o some_o time_n preserve_v each_o his_o proper_a colour_n but_o at_o length_n the_o great_a stream_n will_v certain_o change_v the_o lester_n into_o its_o own_o colour_n so_o in_o the_o begin_n the_o gaul_n have_v their_o tongue_n and_o the_o frank_n they_o till_o in_o length_n of_o time_n a_o three_o be_v make_v out_o of_o both_o mix_v and_o twist_v together_o in_o which_o yet_o the_o latin_a be_v the_o predominant_a the_o plain_a cause_n of_o which_o be_v that_o the_o gaul_n be_v more_o numerous_a than_o the_o frank_n and_o it_o be_v much_o hard_a for_o they_o to_o learn_v the_o german_n than_o it_o be_v for_o the_o frank_n to_o learn_v the_o gallic_a latin_n for_o with_o what_o difficulty_n foreigner_n learn_v the_o german_a tongue_n i_o myself_o know_v by_o experience_n from_o hence_o it_o proceed_v that_o the_o most_o ancient_a writer_n of_o this_o nation_n call_v the_o vulgar_a latin_a the_o rustic_a or_o countryman_n tongue_n because_o the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n still_o use_v the_o german_a whilst_o the_o countryman_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o gaul_n have_v no_o knowledge_n of_o any_o other_o than_o the_o latin_n and_o thus_o we_o see_v it_o be_v in_o our_o own_o time_n in_o livonia_n and_o curland_n where_o the_o old_a inhabitant_n be_v by_o the_o german_n reduce_v into_o the_o condition_n of_o mere_a rustic_n for_o all_o the_o nobility_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o city_n speak_v the_o sclavonian_a tongue_n and_o the_o german_a but_o the_o countryman_n do_v scarce_o understand_v one_o german_a word_n of_o ten_o thus_o charles_n the_o great_a may_v easy_o understand_v the_o german_a tongue_n because_o the_o frank_n who_o be_v a_o german_a nation_n have_v not_o quite_o lay_v aside_o the_o use_n of_o it_o and_o also_o because_o the_o frank_n before_o his_o time_n have_v conquer_v a_o great_a part_n of_o germany_n and_o he_o go_v on_o with_o the_o work_n and_o reduce_v all_o the_o rest_n under_o his_o dominion_n nor_o be_v it_o possible_a in_o that_o unlearned_a age_n to_o converse_v with_o the_o german_n in_o any_o other_o than_o their_o own_o language_n but_o then_o he_o that_o observe_v that_o there_o be_v two_o very_a different_a question_n confound_v into_o one_o will_v very_o accurate_o determine_v this_o controversy_n for_o if_o the_o question_n be_v whether_o charles_n the_o great_a be_v of_o a_o gallic_a or_o a_o german_a original_a without_o doubt_v it_o will_v be_v answer_v that_o he_o be_v not_o a_o gaul_n but_o a_o german_a or_o which_o be_v all_o one_o a_o frank._n but_o if_o the_o question_n be_v what_o countryman_n he_o be_v france_n and_o not_o germany_n be_v to_o be_v assign_v he_o and_o therefore_o in_o this_o respect_n he_o be_v no_o german_n but_o a_o gaul_n or_o gallo-frank_n i_o fear_v i_o shall_v make_v the_o reader_n think_v i_o take_v he_o for_o a_o stupid_a person_n if_o i_o shall_v dwell_v any_o long_o on_o so_o plain_a a_o thing_n and_o yet_o i_o will_v presume_v to_o give_v the_o german_n a_o know_a example_n if_o you_o fall_v upon_o a_o nobleman_n of_o livonia_n and_o ask_v he_o what_o countryman_n he_o be_v he_o will_v reply_v a_o livonian_a and_o not_o a_o german_a but_o then_o if_o you_o still_o insist_v and_o ask_v he_o of_o what_o lineage_n he_o will_v say_v he_o be_v descend_v of_o the_o german_n and_o not_o of_o the_o livonian_o 7._o this_o prince_n charles_n the_o great_a have_v dominion_n the_o title_n of_o charles_n the_o great_a to_o his_o several_a dominion_n under_o he_o divers_a nation_n which_o he_o have_v acquire_v by_o very_o different_a title_n he_o enjoy_v france_n as_o his_o inheritance_n devolve_v to_o he_o from_o his_o father_n by_o succession_n for_o though_o we_o read_v in_o their_o history_n that_o the_o ancient_a frank_n have_v lodge_v in_o the_o nobility_n and_o people_n of_o that_o nation_n some_o authority_n in_o the_o constitute_v their_o king_n yet_o i_o conceive_v it_o be_v rather_o a_o solemn_a inaguration_n and_o a_o acknowledgement_n of_o their_o loyalty_n
reach_v only_o to_o the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o even_o here_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n have_v deprive_v it_o of_o a_o considerable_a part_n of_o the_o promontory_n of_o jutland_n which_o he_o claim_v as_o a_o part_n of_o his_o kingdom_n though_o it_o lie_v on_o this_o side_n of_o the_o sound_n or_o mouth_n of_o the_o baltic_a sea_n but_o then_o by_o way_n of_o reprisal_n she_o have_v enlarge_v her_o border_n to_o the_o bound_n the_o present_a bound_n southeast_n beyond_o the_o danube_n to_o the_o border_n of_o italy_n and_o illyrica_n and_o beyond_o the_o rhine_n to_o the_o west_n and_o north_n she_o have_v gain_v both_o the_o alsatia_n lorraine_n and_o the_o 17_o unite_a province_n which_o last_o be_v former_o call_v gallia_n belgica_n 2._o this_o vast_a tract_n of_o land_n be_v in_o it_o the_o ancient_a state_n of_o it_o those_o early_a time_n possess_v by_o various_a peoples_n and_o nation_n who_o be_v much_o celebrate_v on_o the_o account_n of_o their_o number_n and_o valour_n yet_o each_o of_o they_o be_v under_o a_o distinct_a regiment_n very_o different_a from_o that_o use_v by_o their_o neighbour_n but_o then_o they_o have_v one_o common_a original_a and_o the_o same_o language_n and_o there_o be_v a_o great_a similitude_n in_o their_o manner_n the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o be_v under_o popular_a government_n some_o have_v king_n but_o that_o be_v rather_o to_o persuade_v their_o subject_n by_o their_o authority_n than_o to_o command_v they_o by_o the_o sovereign_a power_n for_o that_o nation_n be_v never_o able_a to_o brook_v a_o absolute_a servitude_n this_o ancient_a germany_n be_v never_o reduce_v into_o one_o empire_n or_o kingdom_n wherein_o it_o be_v like_o the_o rest_n of_o her_o neighbour_n italy_n france_n spain_n greece_n and_o britain_n before_o they_o be_v conquer_v by_o the_o roman_n but_o then_o as_o germany_n never_o be_v reduce_v by_o a_o conquest_n so_o it_o retain_v more_o lively_a trace_n and_o mark_n of_o the_o primitive_a state_n of_o mankind_n which_o from_o separate_a and_o distinct_a family_n by_o degree_n unite_v into_o large_a body_n or_o kingdom_n but_o then_o though_o weak_a the_o old_a german_a state_n dangerous_a &_o weak_a this_o independent_a knot_n of_o state_n and_o small_a kingdom_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o freedom_n be_v very_o grateful_a to_o the_o german_n of_o those_o time_n yet_o it_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a they_o shall_v frequent_o be_v engage_v in_o mutual_a and_o destructive_a war_n when_o they_o be_v so_o many_o and_o so_o small_a this_o again_o expose_v they_o to_o the_o invasion_n of_o their_o neighbour_n nation_n though_o they_o be_v a_o warlike_a people_n because_o their_o scatter_a force_n be_v not_o unite_v in_o one_o empire_n for_o their_o defence_n neither_o have_v the_o great_a part_n of_o these_o small_a state_n so_o much_o politic_n as_o in_o due_a time_n to_o unite_v in_o league_n against_o the_o danger_n of_o their_o potent_a enemy_n but_o they_o perceive_v the_o benefit_n of_o such_o a_o concord_n when_o it_o be_v too_o late_o and_o they_o by_o fighting_z separately_z for_o their_o liberty_n be_v one_o after_o another_o all_o conquer_a 3._o the_o first_o that_o reduce_v germany_n extraction_n the_o frank_n the_o first_o conqueror_n of_o germany_n of_o a_o unknown_a extraction_n from_o that_o ancient_a state_n be_v the_o frank_n which_o nation_n be_v of_o so_o controvert_v a_o origine_fw-la that_o it_o be_v not_o easy_a to_o determine_v whether_o it_o be_v of_o gallic_a or_o of_o german_a extraction_n for_o though_o we_o shall_v grant_v that_o all_o those_o nation_n which_o the_o greek_n comprehend_v under_o the_o title_n of_o celtae_n that_o be_v the_o illyrian_n german_n gaul_n old_a spaniard_n and_o britain_n do_v as_o it_o be_v flow_v from_o the_o same_o fountain_n yet_o it_o be_v very_o notorious_a they_o afterward_o much_o differ_v each_o from_o the_o other_o in_o language_n and_o manner_n so_o that_o no_o man_n that_o be_v any_o thing_n verse_v in_o antiquity_n can_v in_o the_o least_o doubt_n of_o it_o the_o foolish_a pride_n of_o some_o of_o the_o gaul_n occasion_v this_o difference_n who_o be_v ignorant_a that_o many_o of_o the_o gallic_a people_n in_o the_o first_o age_n have_v ambitious_o boast_v they_o be_v of_o gâ—rman_a extraction_n do_v in_o the_o late_a time_n envy_v germany_n the_o honour_n of_o have_v be_v the_o mother_n of_o the_o frank_n these_o man_n pretend_v that_o great_a multitude_n of_o man_n out_o of_o gaul_n invade_v germany_n in_o ancient_a but_o unknown_a time_n and_o pass_v beyond_o the_o rhine_n possess_v themselves_o of_o all_o the_o country_n upon_o the_o river_n main_a to_o the_o hercynian_a forest_n and_o that_o after_o this_o they_o return_v and_o conquer_a the_o part_n on_o the_o west_n of_o the_o rhine_n recover_v the_o possession_n of_o their_o ancient_a country_n but_o so_o that_o a_o part_n of_o their_o nation_n still_o inhabit_v on_o the_o main_a and_o leave_v their_o name_n to_o that_o country_n for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o this_o opinion_n they_o cite_v livy_n lib._n 5._o c._n 134._o câ—sar_n de_fw-fr bello_fw-la gallico_n lib._n 6._o tacitus_n de_fw-fr moribus_fw-la â—ermanorum_fw-la c._n 28._o 4_o but_o to_o all_o this_o the_o german_n may_v people_n the_o frank_n be_v a_o germ._n people_n true_o reply_v that_o the_o testimony_n of_o these_o latin_a writer_n be_v not_o without_o just_a exception_n because_o they_o testify_v very_o faint_o of_o a_o thing_n which_o happen_v long_o before_o their_o time_n and_o concern_v a_o people_n too_o who_o antiquity_n be_v not_o preserve_v in_o any_o write_a record_n nor_o be_v it_o at_o all_o probable_a when_o the_o schelstat_fw-la the_o trebocci_fw-la alsatia_n the_o chief_a town_n of_o which_o be_v breuco-magus_a bruomat_n and_o elcebus_n schelstat_fw-la trebocci_fw-la speyr_n trebocci_fw-la nemetes_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o bishopric_n of_o speyr_n nemetes_n strasburg_n nemetes_n vangiones_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o worm_n and_o strasburg_n vangiones_n &_o trier_n &_o treveri_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o archbishopric_n of_o trier_n treveri_n and_o some_o other_o people_n who_o in_o those_o time_n live_v on_o the_o west_n side_n of_o the_o rhine_n and_o yet_o own_v themselves_o to_o be_v of_o german_a extraction_n that_o the_o frank_n shall_v on_o the_o contrary_n pass_v the_o rhine_n and_o out_o of_o gaul_n make_v a_o conquest_n in_o germany_n and_o yet_o after_o all_o though_o we_o shall_v grant_v that_o the_o frank_n be_v at_o first_o a_o gallic_a colony_n yet_o see_v they_o live_v about_o 800_o year_n in_o germany_n and_o both_o in_o their_o language_n and_o custom_n differ_v from_o the_o gaul_n and_o in_o both_o these_o agree_v exact_o with_o the_o german_n they_o be_v for_o that_o cause_n to_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o german_a nation_n this_o be_v certain_a in_o the_o mean_a time_n that_o till_o about_o ccc_o year_n after_o christ_n there_o be_v scarce_o any_o mention_n of_o the_o frank_n make_v in_o any_o ancient_a history_n from_o hence_o there_o arise_v two_o very_o different_a opinion_n whilst_o some_o believe_v those_o people_n who_o be_v by_o tacitus_n call_v the_o ptolemy_n the_o the_o chauci_n be_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o east-friesland_n groeningen_n breme_n lunenburg_n and_o hamburg_n as_o they_o be_v place_v by_o ptolemy_n chauci_n change_v that_o name_n in_o after_o time_n and_o call_v themselves_o the_o frank_n and_o other_o think_v that_o a_o number_n of_o german_a people_n or_o some_o part_n of_o they_o unite_v in_o this_o name_n and_o out_o of_o a_o vain_a affectation_n of_o liberty_n take_v up_o the_o name_n of_o frank_n for_o in_o the_o german_a tongue_n frank_n signify_v free_a and_o to_o this_o purpose_n they_o produce_v the_o testimony_n of_o francis_n i_o and_o henry_n two_o king_n of_o france_n who_o in_o their_o letter_n to_o the_o diet_n of_o germany_n say_v they_o be_v of_o german_a extraction_n though_o it_o be_v very_o well_o know_v at_o the_o same_o time_n to_o all_o wise_a man_n to_o what_o purpose_v such_o ancient_a and_o overworn_a relation_n of_o kindred_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n pretend_v 5._o but_o however_o this_o be_v the_o frank_n germany_n the_o frank_n conquer_v gaul_n now_o france_n and_o after_o it_o germany_n for_o certain_a first_o pass_v the_o rhine_n upon_o the_o vbii_n or_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o archbishopric_n of_o cologne_n and_o after_o they_o have_v conquer_v the_o far_o great_a part_n of_o gaul_n now_o call_v france_n turn_v as_o it_o be_v the_o course_n of_o their_o victorious_a arm_n back_o again_o they_o conquer_v the_o great_a part_n of_o germany_n and_o subdue_v all_o the_o country_n between_o the_o main_a and_o the_o danube_n and_o go_v northward_o as_o far_o as_o thuringia_n after_o this_o charles_n the_o great_a extend_v his_o conquest_n much_o further_o by_o subdue_a the_o saxon_n and_o tassilon_n king_n of_o the_o bavarian_n so_o
the_o charge_n of_o the_o empire_n for_o he_o well_o consider_v that_o all_o be_v to_o be_v spend_v on_o the_o turkish_a war_n and_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o austrian_a dominion_n and_o when_o the_o account_n of_o the_o money_n expend_v in_o the_o turkish_a war_n be_v to_o be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o this_o austrian_a family_n the_o low_a country_n be_v not_o likely_a to_o be_v overcharge_v nor_o to_o be_v very_o ill_o treat_v if_o they_o prove_v slow_a in_o the_o payment_n so_o that_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o observe_v that_o charles_n v._o by_o this_o promise_n only_o encourage_v the_o german_n to_o spend_v their_o treasure_n the_o more_o free_o in_o the_o defence_n of_o his_o territory_n when_o they_o see_v he_o so_o free_o consent_v to_o bring_v his_o own_o patrimony_n under_o the_o same_o burden_n though_o perhaps_o there_o may_v be_v another_o reason_n too_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o viz._n that_o whereas_o his_o son_n philip_n then_o aspire_v to_o the_o empire_n it_o may_v not_o be_v object_v against_o he_o that_o he_o have_v no_o dominion_n in_o the_o empire_n those_o belong_v before_o to_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n be_v then_o assign_v to_o his_o brother_n ferdinand_n or_o perhaps_o that_o the_o german_n may_v think_v themselves_o the_o more_o oblige_v to_o defend_v these_o province_n if_o they_o be_v at_o any_o time_n invade_v by_o the_o french_a king_n at_o this_o time_n that_o line_n be_v reduce_v house_n the_o male_n of_o this_o house_n to_o two_o male_n leopald_n emperor_n of_o germany_n who_o have_v since_o our_o author_n write_v have_v a_o son_n name_v joseph_n and_o charles_n king_n of_o spain_n who_o have_v no_o issue_n i_o have_v hear_v many_o of_o the_o german_n wish_v this_o prince_n a_o numerous_a male_a posterity_n out_o of_o mere_a fear_n that_o the_o fail_v of_o the_o line_n in_o this_o family_n may_v cause_v dreadful_a convulsion_n in_o europe_n 5_o the_o family_n of_o the_o count_n palatine_a of_o the_o bavaria_n the_o count_v palatine_a of_o the_o rhine_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o bavaria_n rhine_n and_o of_o the_o duke_n of_o bavaria_n be_v as_o to_z antiquity_n equal_a to_o the_o best_a and_o it_o enjoy_v a_o vast_a tract_n of_o land_n which_o extend_v from_o the_o alps_o to_o the_o river_n moselle_n and_o two_o dukedom_n in_o the_o border_n of_o the_o low_a country_n it_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o line_n the_o rudolfian_n and_o william_n one_o of_o these_o be_v possess_v of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o bavaria_n bavaria_n bavaria_n and_o have_v ever_o be_v think_v very_o rich_a and_o in_o the_o last_o tedious_a civil_a war_n it_o get_v also_o the_o electoral_a dignity_n from_o the_o palatinate_n family_n and_o for_o almost_o a_o hundred_o year_n it_o have_v possess_v the_o electorate_v of_o cologne_n prince_n clement_n who_o be_v late_o choose_v be_v likely_a still_o to_o continue_v it_o in_o this_o family_n though_o powerful_o oppose_v by_o the_o king_n of_o france_n his_o predecessor_n also_o possess_v the_o bishopric_n of_o liege_n and_o hildisheim_n the_o rudolfian_n family_n the_o palatine_a family_n line_n be_v divide_v into_o many_o branch_n the_o principal_a of_o which_o be_v the_o elector_n palatine_n and_o it_o enjoy_v the_o low_a palatinate_n on_o the_o rhine_n a_o country_n which_o for_o its_o strength_n pleasantness_n and_o fertility_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o best_a part_n of_o germany_n before_o the_o french_a with_o fire_n and_o sword_n barbarous_o lay_v it_o desolate_a not_o only_a demolish_n but_o burn_v down_o to_o the_o ground_n the_o great_a part_n of_o its_o town_n city_n palace_n and_o church_n the_o count_n palatine_n of_o newburg_n newburg_n the_o house_n of_o newburg_n possess_v heretofore_o the_o dukedom_n of_o juliers_n and_o montz_n and_o some_o dominion_n on_o the_o danube_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 1685._o charles_n lewis_n the_o last_o elector_n die_v without_o issue_n philip_n william_n of_o the_o house_n of_o newburg_n succeed_v in_o the_o electorate_v too_o which_o in_o the_o year_n 1688._o he_o resign_v to_o his_o son_n john_n william_n be_v grow_v very_o old_a and_o sore_o oppress_v by_o the_o french_a beside_o these_o house_n the_o other_o branch_n of_o this_o house_n there_o be_v the_o palatine_n of_o sultzback_n simmeren_n deuxpont_n or_o zuibrucken_v as_o the_o german_n call_v it_o birkenfield_n and_o lawtreck_n the_o family_n of_o deuxpont_n produce_v charles_n gustavus_n king_n of_o sweden_n who_o germany_n the_o king_n of_o sweden_n of_o this_o family_n his_o dominion_n in_o germany_n now_o reign_v in_o that_o kingdom_n who_o by_o the_o peace_n of_o osnaburg_n have_v obtain_v in_o germany_n the_o dukedom_n of_o breme_n ferden_n and_o the_o upper_a pomerania_n together_o with_o stetin_n the_o principality_n of_o rugen_n and_o the_o barony_n of_o wismar_n this_o family_n enjoy_v now_o also_o prince_n of_o great_a worth_n and_o virtue_n for_o as_o the_o bavarian_a line_n be_v celebrate_v for_o their_o great_a piety_n so_o the_o electoral_a family_n have_v be_v much_o esteem_v for_o their_o prudence_n which_o character_n will_v belong_v equal_o to_o the_o house_n of_o newburg_n the_o last_o of_o this_o family_n be_v on_o that_o account_n think_v worthy_a of_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n though_o he_o be_v no_o way_n relate_v to_o the_o family_n that_o have_v wear_v it_o and_o prince_n rupert_n a_o branch_n of_o the_o elder_a house_n of_o the_o palatinate_n who_o die_v in_o england_n be_v a_o person_n of_o great_a valour_n and_o worth_n and_o famous_a over_o all_o christendom_n for_o the_o war_n he_o have_v manage_v by_o sea_n and_o land_n 6._o the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n possess_v almost_o the_o saxony_n the_o house_n of_o saxony_n middle_a part_n of_o germany_n to_o who_o belong_v misnia_n thure_v and_o a_o small_a country_n on_o the_o elbe_n call_v the_o upper_a saxony_n lusatia_n and_o in_o franconia_n the_o dukedom_n of_o coburg_n and_o the_o earldom_n of_o henneburg_n a_o country_n celebrate_v in_o some_o part_n for_o its_o fertility_n and_o in_o other_o for_o its_o mine_n this_o family_n be_v divide_v in_o to_o two_o branch_n viz._n albert_n and_o ernest_n the_o last_o of_o these_o be_v in_o possession_n of_o the_o electorate_v and_o the_o second_o son_n be_v to_o be_v bishop_n of_o magdeburg_n of_o the_o first_o be_v the_o duke_n of_o altenburg_n gotham_n and_o 4_o brother_n of_o the_o family_n of_o wimar_n and_o a_o numerous_a posterity_n beside_o 7._o next_o these_o be_v the_o marquess_n of_o brandenburg_n brandenburg_n the_o house_n of_o brandenburg_n the_o head_n of_o which_o family_n be_v one_o of_o the_o elector_n who_o have_v large_a dominion_n in_o germany_n beside_o prussia_n which_o be_v place_v now_o out_o of_o the_o empire_n which_o also_o he_o late_o obtain_v from_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n he_o have_v mark_n the_o further_a pomerania_n gain_v from_o the_o swede_n though_o it_o belong_v to_o he_o by_o inheritance_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o the_o last_o duke_n without_o issue_n halberstad_n minden_n and_o camin_n three_o bishopric_n give_v he_o as_o a_o equivalent_a for_o the_o hither_o pomerania_n and_o he_o be_v also_o to_o have_v that_o of_o magdeburg_n after_o the_o death_n of_o augustus_n the_o present_a possessor_n of_o the_o house_n of_o saxony_n these_o dominion_n be_v large_a and_o fruitful_a yet_o some_o believe_v he_o will_v have_v choose_v the_o two_o pomerania_n entire_a before_o all_o the_o rest_n i_o remember_v when_o i_o be_v in_o my_o return_n from_o germany_n be_v at_o a_o entertainment_n at_o padova_n in_o which_o be_v present_v some_o italian_a and_o french_a marquess_n i_o have_v a_o occasion_n to_o say_v the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n can_v travel_v 200_o german_a mile_n in_o his_o own_o dominion_n without_o lie_v one_o night_n in_o any_o other_o prince_n country_n though_o in_o some_o place_n it_o be_v indeed_o interrupt_v whereupon_o many_o that_o be_v present_a begin_v to_o suspect_v i_o be_v guilty_a of_o the_o common_a fault_n of_o traveller_n and_o my_o faith_n be_v much_o question_v but_o that_o a_o old_a soldier_n who_o be_v present_a and_o have_v serve_v long_o in_o germany_n and_o have_v be_v one_o of_o my_o acquaintance_n in_o that_o prince_n court_n deliver_v i_o from_o their_o suspicion_n they_o can_v not_o but_o blush_v thereupon_o when_o they_o consider_v that_o some_o pride_v themselves_o in_o this_o title_n in_o italy_n and_o france_n who_o be_v scarce_o master_n of_o two_o hundred_o acre_n of_o land_n so_o little_o do_v they_o understand_v that_o our_o german_a marggrave_n be_v more_o considerable_a than_o their_o marquess_n there_o be_v another_o branch_n of_o this_o family_n in_o franconia_n who_o if_o i_o be_o not_o mistake_v possess_v the_o old_a inheritance_n of_o the_o burggrave_v of_o norimburg_n and_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o line_n that_o of_o culemback_n and_o that_o of_o
the_o land_n on_o the_o rhine_n near_a one_o another_o and_o on_o the_o rhine_n which_o be_v the_o most_o fruitful_a part_n of_o germany_n they_o be_v possess_v of_o the_o whole_a country_n except_z what_o belong_v to_o the_o elector_n palatine_n which_o as_o it_o interrupt_v that_o beautiful_a chain_n of_o church-land_n have_v i_o persuade_v myself_o be_v look_v on_o by_o they_o with_o a_o evil_a eye_n this_o their_o neighbourhood_n have_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n contribute_v very_o much_o to_o the_o preserve_v they_o from_o the_o reformation_n one_o of_o they_o assist_v another_o to_o expel_v that_o dangerous_a guest_n till_o the_o french_a at_o last_o by_o a_o just_a judgement_n of_o god_n though_o a_o catholic_n nation_n as_o they_o call_v it_o come_v in_o to_o revenge_v their_o contempt_n of_o the_o true_a religion_n and_o have_v lay_v the_o far_o great_a part_n of_o these_o populous_a well_o build_v fruitful_a country_n in_o ash_n twice_o or_o thrice_o within_o the_o memory_n of_o man_n and_o now_o especial_o in_o the_o year_n now_o current_a 1689._o but_o to_o return_v to_o our_o author_n 11._o ecclesiastic_a state_n which_o be_v not_o elector_n the_o ecclesiastic_a elector_n come_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o protestant_a prince_n be_v these_o the_o three_o archbishopric_n of_o mentz_n trier_n and_o cologne_n which_o cologne_n mentz_n trier_n and_o cologne_n be_v three_o of_o the_o elector_n and_o the_o archbishopric_n of_o saltsburg_n and_o besanzon_n in_o burgundy_n for_o as_o for_o magdeburg_n it_o be_v a_o mere_a lay-fee_n the_o inferior_a bishopric_n be_v bamberg_n wurtzburg_n worm_n spires_n aichstad_n strasburg_n constance_n ausburg_n hildisheim_n paderborn_n bishop_n the_o bishop_n freisingen_n ratisbone_n passaw_n trent_n brixen_n in_o tirol_n basil_n liege_n osnaburg_n munster_n curen_n in_o curland_n the_o master_n of_o the_o teutonick_n order_n have_v the_o first_o seat_n among_o the_o bishop_n and_o we_o must_v observe_v too_o that_o in_o our_o time_n there_o be_v sometime_o two_o or_o more_o bishopric_n unite_v in_o the_o same_o person_n either_o because_o the_o revenue_n of_o one_o single_a diocese_n be_v not_o think_v sufficient_a to_o maintain_v the_o dignity_n and_o splendour_n of_o a_o prince_n court_n or_o that_o they_o may_v by_o that_o mean_n be_v render_v more_o formidable_a to_o those_o that_o hate_v they_o the_o bishopric_n of_o lubeck_n be_v very_o little_o better_o than_o a_o part_n of_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o holstein_n and_o all_o the_o country_n have_v also_o embrace_v the_o protestant_a religion_n among_o the_o abbey_n which_o be_v call_v prelate_n be_v these_o fuld_n abbot_n miter_v abbot_n kempten_a elwang_n murback_n luder_n the_o master_n of_o st._n john_n berchtelsgaden_n weissenburg_n pruym_n stablo_fw-mi and_o corwey_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o prelate_n who_o be_v not_o prince_n be_v divide_v diet._n the_o prelate_n that_o be_v not_o prince_n but_o vote_n in_o the_o diet._n into_o two_o bench_n that_o of_o the_o rhine_n and_o that_o of_o schwaben_n or_o suabia_n one_o of_o each_o of_o which_o have_v a_o vote_n in_o the_o diet_n and_o they_o be_v esteem_v equal_a to_o the_o count_n or_o earl_n of_o the_o empire_n 12._o the_o estate_n of_o the_o count_n or_o earl_n empire_n the_o earl_n and_o baron_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o baron_n of_o the_o empire_n be_v also_o much_o more_o splendid_a and_o rich_a than_o that_o of_o man_n enjoy_v the_o same_o dignity_n in_o other_o kingdom_n for_o they_o have_v almost_o the_o same_o privilege_n with_o the_o prince_n and_o the_o ancient_a earldom_n have_v also_o large_a territory_n belong_v to_o they_o whereas_o in_o other_o kingdom_n a_o small_a farm_n or_o manor_n shall_v dignify_v its_o owner_n with_o that_o title_n yet_o the_o division_n of_o the_o estate_n among_o the_o brother_n have_v damnify_v many_o of_o the_o german_a family_n and_o be_v only_o to_o be_v admit_v in_o plebeian_n family_n for_o its_o equity_n and_o piety_n sake_n some_o other_o have_v be_v equal_o ruin_v by_o the_o carelessness_n and_o luxury_n of_o their_o ancestor_n and_o their_o prodigal_a expense_n at_o this_o day_n the_o earl_n have_v four_o vote_n in_o the_o diet_n one_o for_o wetteraw_n vote_n have_v 4_o vote_n another_o for_o schwaben_n a_o three_o for_o franconia_n and_o the_o four_o for_o westphalia_n the_o earl_n which_o be_v know_v to_o i_o be_v these_o nassaw_n oldenburg_n furstemberg_n hohenlohe_n name_n their_o name_n hanaw_n say_fw-ge witgenstein_n leiningen_n solms_n waldek_n isenburg_n stolberg_n wied_n mansfeld_n reussen_n ottingen_n montfort_n konigseck_n fugger_n sultz_n cronberg_n sintzendorf_n wallenstein_n papenheim_n castell_n lewenstein_n erbach_n limburg_n schwartzenburg_n bentheim_n ostfrisland_n who_o be_v now_o make_v a_o prince_n khine_v and_o walts_n rantzow_n and_o perhaps_o many_o other_o who_o nobility_n be_v not_o to_o be_v prejudice_v by_o my_o silence_n and_o as_o to_o those_o i_o have_v name_v i_o pretend_v no_o skill_n in_o the_o marshal_n of_o they_o according_a to_o their_o proper_a place_n there_o be_v also_o many_o earl_n and_o baron_n in_o the_o hereditary_a country_n belong_v to_o the_o emperor_n who_o be_v of_o late_a creation_n or_o subject_n to_o other_o state_n have_v no_o place_n or_o vote_n in_o the_o diet_n of_o germany_n and_o therefore_o be_v not_o to_o be_v mention_v here_o 13._o there_o be_v also_o in_o germany_n no_o small_a diet._n the_o free_a city_n make_v a_o college_n in_o the_o diet._n number_n of_o free_a city_n who_o be_v subject_a to_o no_o prince_n or_o state_n but_o be_v immediate_o under_o the_o emperor_n and_o the_o empire_n and_o be_v therefore_o call_v imperial_a city_n in_o the_o diet_n they_o constitute_v a_o particular_a college_n which_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o bench_n that_o of_o the_o rhine_n and_o that_o of_o schwaben_n the_o principal_a of_o these_o be_v norimberg_n ausburg_n cologne_n lubeck_n vlm_n strasburg_n frankford_n ratisbone_n aix_n la_fw-fr chapelle_n or_o aken_n metz_n worm_n spire_n colmar_n memmingen_n esling_n hall_n in_o schwaben_n heilbron_n lindaw_n goslar_n mulhausin_n north_n hausin_n the_o rest_n have_v reason_n rather_o to_o pride_n themselves_o in_o their_o liberty_n than_o in_o their_o wealth_n in_o the_o former_a age_n the_o conjunction_n of_o two_o or_o three_o of_o these_o city_n together_o make_v a_o great_a power_n and_o they_o be_v terrible_a to_o the_o prince_n but_o now_o their_o wealth_n be_v much_o reduce_v and_o we_o may_v probable_o enough_o conjecture_v they_o will_v one_o after_o another_o be_v all_o reduce_v under_o the_o yoke_n of_o the_o prince_n at_o least_o the_o bishop_n threaten_v those_o very_o much_o in_o which_o their_o cathedral_n be_v there_o be_v also_o some_o potent_a city_n which_o preserve_v their_o freedom_n though_o perhaps_o not_o very_a well_o ground_v for_o the_o duke_n of_o holstein_n pretend_v a_o right_n over_o hamburg_n which_o this_o hamburg_n hamburg_n most_o wealthy_a city_n of_o all_o germany_n will_v not_o submit_v to_o and_o it_o be_v think_v the_o strength_n of_o it_o and_o the_o jealousy_n of_o the_o neighbour_a prince_n who_o envy_v the_o king_n of_o denmark_n the_o possession_n of_o this_o fat_a morsel_n will_v preserve_v it_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n have_v such_o breme_n breme_n another_o dispute_n with_o the_o city_n of_o breme_n without_o which_o he_o can_v never_o secure_v that_o dukedom_n and_o perhaps_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n have_v too_o much_o reason_n to_o suspect_v that_o city_n be_v admit_v into_o the_o diet_n in_o the_o year_n 1641_o when_o they_o begin_v to_o suspect_v those_o prince_n will_v become_v master_n of_o this_o dukedom_n on_o purpose_n to_o keep_v it_o out_o of_o their_o hand_n and_o deprive_v they_o of_o this_o convenience_n and_o security_n the_o city_n of_o brunswick_n do_v strange_o weaken_v and_o disfigure_v brunswick_n brunswick_n the_o dukedom_n of_o brunswick_n and_o lunenburg_n and_o by_o its_o site_n interrupt_v their_o otherwise_o well_o compact_v territory_n and_o yet_o they_o will_v never_o suffer_v the_o bishop_n of_o hildisheim_n to_o take_v possession_n of_o that_o city_n hildisheim_n hildisheim_n the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n be_v not_o very_o favourable_a to_o the_o city_n in_o his_o dominion_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o improbable_a the_o city_n of_o magdeburg_n may_v suffer_v the_o loss_n of_o magdeburg_n magdeburg_n her_o liberty_n after_o the_o death_n of_o augustus_n of_o the_o house_n of_o saxony_n they_o of_o erford_n weary_a erford_n erford_n of_o a_o doubtful_a contest_v for_o their_o liberty_n submit_v and_o for_o their_o folly_n and_o cowardice_n be_v think_v worthy_a to_o lose_v their_o liberty_n wise_a man_n wonder_v also_o that_o the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n have_v not_o seize_v the_o citadel_n of_o thure_v and_o i_o suppose_v by_o this_o time_n the_o hollander_n be_v make_v sufficient_o sensible_a they_o ought_v to_o have_v defend_v the_o inhabitans_fw-la of_o munster_n against_o
frank_n have_v subdue_v germany_n and_o be_v become_v master_n of_o all_o its_o province_n they_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o roman_n send_v duke_n to_o govern_v the_o province_n in_o it_o that_o be_v precedent_n to_o govern_v they_o in_o peace_n and_o command_v their_o force_n in_o time_n of_o war_n and_o to_o these_o they_o sometime_o add_v comites_fw-la for_o administer_a justice_n and_o some_o province_n be_v put_v under_o comites_fw-la only_a and_o have_v no_o duke_n proprietor_n the_o duke_n and_o earl_n make_v officer_n for_o their_o life_n and_o at_o last_o become_v hereditary_a proprietor_n but_o then_o all_o these_o that_o be_v thus_o employ_v by_o they_o be_v mere_a magistrate_n but_o in_o length_n of_o time_n it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o some_o person_n be_v make_v duke_n for_o their_o life_n and_o the_o son_n for_o the_o most_o part_n succeed_v the_o father_n so_o that_o have_v so_o fair_a a_o opportunity_n in_o their_o hand_n of_o establish_v themselves_o they_o begin_v to_o look_v on_o their_o province_n as_o their_o patrimony_n and_o inheritance_n nor_o can_v a_o monarch_n commit_v a_o great_a error_n than_o the_o suffer_v these_o kind_n of_o administration_n to_o become_v hereditary_a especial_o where_o the_o military_a command_n be_v unite_v to_o the_o civil_a and_o therefore_o i_o can_v scarce_o forbear_v laugh_v when_o i_o read_v this_o custom_n in_o some_o german_a writer_n defend_v as_o commendable_a and_o prudent_a for_o it_o be_v the_o honour_n of_o a_o prince_n to_o reward_v those_o who_o have_v deserve_v well_o of_o he_o but_o then_o if_o a_o master_n shall_v manumise_v all_o his_o servant_n at_o once_o i_o suppose_v he_o may_v for_o the_o future_a make_v clean_a his_o shoe_n himself_o a_o father_n may_v be_v the_o fond_a of_o a_o thing_n because_o he_o know_v he_o can_v leave_v it_o to_o his_o son_n after_o he_o but_o then_o the_o more_o passionate_o he_o love_v his_o son_n the_o great_a care_n he_o ought_v to_o take_v that_o a_o stranger_n may_v claim_v as_o little_a right_n as_o be_v possible_a to_o it_o thus_o we_o usual_o take_v more_o care_n of_o what_o be_v our_o own_o than_o of_o what_o belong_v to_o another_o but_o then_o a_o good_a father_n will_v not_o give_v his_o estate_n to_o his_o tenant_n that_o he_o may_v use_v it_o so_o much_o the_o better_o there_o be_v a_o cheap_a way_n of_o prevent_v the_o rebellion_n of_o precedent_n than_o that_o of_o grant_v province_n to_o they_o to_o be_v administer_v as_o a_o inheritance_n and_o it_o be_v a_o very_a silly_a thing_n to_o measure_v the_o majesty_n of_o a_o prince_n by_o the_o number_n of_o those_o in_o his_o dominion_n who_o can_v with_o safety_n despise_v he_o and_o his_o sovereignty_n to_o say_v more_o be_v to_o no_o purpose_n for_o to_o expose_v the_o stupidity_n of_o these_o man_n it_o will_v be_v sufficient_a for_o we_o to_o consider_v that_o they_o be_v not_o ashamed_a to_o compare_v the_o german_a lawyer_n with_o the_o italian_a french_a and_o spanish_a writer_n and_o yet_o the_o write_n of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o show_v they_o never_o understand_v the_o first_o principle_n of_o civil_a prudence_n 3._o charles_n the_o great_a observe_v the_o error_n error_n charles_n the_o great_a endeavour_v to_o redress_v this_o error_n commit_v by_o his_o ancestor_n take_v away_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o dukedom_n which_o be_v of_o too_o great_a extent_n and_o divide_v the_o large_a province_n into_o small_a part_n commit_v they_o to_o the_o care_n of_o count_n comites_fw-la or_o earl_n some_o of_o which_o retain_v the_o simple_a name_n of_o count_n and_o other_o be_v call_v pfaltzgraves_n or_o pfaltzgraven_v comites_fw-la palatini_n count_v palatine_n or_o prefect_n of_o the_o court-royal_a and_o in_o that_o capacity_n administer_v justice_n within_o the_o verge_n of_o the_o court._n other_o be_v call_v landegraves_n that_o be_v precedent_n set_v over_o a_o whole_a province_n other_o be_v call_v marggraves_n precedent_n of_o the_o march_n or_o border_n for_o repel_v the_o incursion_n of_o enemy_n and_o administer_a justice_n to_o the_o inhabitant_n other_o be_v call_v burggraves_n that_o be_v prefect_n or_o governor_n of_o some_o of_o the_o royal_a castle_n or_o fort_n and_o these_o office_n and_o dignity_n be_v not_o grant_v by_o charles_n the_o great_a in_o perpetuity_n or_o inheritance_n but_o with_o a_o power_n reserve_v to_o himself_o to_o renew_v his_o grant_n to_o the_o same_o person_n or_o bestow_v they_o on_o another_o as_o he_o think_v fit_a but_o after_o the_o death_n of_o charles_n the_o great_a his_o posterity_n management_n but_o his_o posterity_n return_v to_o the_o former_a ill_a management_n return_v to_o the_o error_n of_o the_o former_a reign_n and_o not_o only_o the_o son_n be_v suffer_v to_o succeed_v their_o father_n in_o these_o magistracy_n or_o government_n but_o by_o a_o conjunction_n or_o union_n of_o many_o county_n or_o earldom_n or_o by_o the_o will_n of_o some_o of_o his_o successor_n some_o dukedom_n be_v again_o form_v which_o contain_v great_a extent_n of_o land_n the_o precedent_n employ_v by_o they_o in_o the_o government_n of_o these_o province_n think_v it_o a_o piece_n of_o cowardice_n and_o sloth_n in_o themselves_o not_o to_o take_v hold_n of_o these_o occasion_n and_o opportunity_n of_o establish_v themselves_o and_o their_o posterity_n as_o the_o nature_n of_o mankind_n be_v prone_a to_o ambition_n especial_o when_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o french_a emperor_n decline_v and_o become_v every_o day_n more_o contemptible_a by_o reason_n of_o their_o intestine_a dissension_n and_o destructive_a war_n with_o one_o another_o and_o in_o the_o first_o place_n title_n otho_n duke_n of_o saxony_n a_o king_n in_o fact_n though_o not_o in_o title_n otho_fw-la duke_n of_o saxony_n the_o father_n of_o henry_n the_o falconer_n have_v under_o he_o a_o large_a and_o a_o warlike_a nation_n so_o establish_v himself_o that_o he_o want_v nothing_o but_o the_o title_n to_o make_v he_o a_o king_n and_o when_o conrade_n i._o emperor_n of_o germany_n undertake_v to_o subdue_v and_o bring_v under_o henry_n his_o son_n he_o miscarry_v in_o the_o attempt_n and_o at_o his_o death_n he_o advise_v the_o nobility_n to_o bestow_v the_o imperial_a dignity_n on_o this_o his_o prosperous_a rival_n think_v it_o the_o wise_a course_n to_o give_v he_o what_o he_o can_v have_v take_v by_o force_n for_o sear_v he_o shall_v canton_n himself_o and_o disjoin_v his_o dominion_n from_o the_o rest_n of_o germany_n there_o be_v yet_o some_o prince_n who_o owe_v their_o emperor_n other_o prince_n raise_v to_o this_o dignity_n by_o the_o emperor_n dominion_n to_o the_o liberality_n of_o some_o of_o the_o emperor_n example_n of_o which_o occur_v frequent_o in_o the_o history_n of_o the_o otho_n and_o whether_o this_o be_v consistent_a with_o the_o law_n of_o monarchy_n i_o be_o not_o now_o at_o leisure_n to_o inquire_v after_o these_o beginning_n or_o foundation_n prince_n increase_v their_o power_n afterward_o by_o purchase_n by_o hereditary_a descent_n not_o only_o in_o the_o right_n of_o blood_n but_o usurpation_n other_o by_o purchase_n inheritance_n or_o usurpation_n also_o by_o mutual_a pact_n of_o succession_n which_o the_o german_n call_v confraternal_a inheritance_n or_o succession_n which_o be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o that_o league_n between_o the_o potent_a house_n of_o saxony_n brandenburg_n and_o hassia_n which_o be_v now_o in_o force_n and_o by_o virtue_n of_o such_o a_o league_n the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n obtain_v the_o earldom_n of_o henneberg_n and_o the_o house_n of_o brandenburg_n the_o right_a of_o pomerania_n though_o that_o league_n be_v not_o reciprocal_a and_o yet_o it_o be_v apparent_a these_o league_n be_v injurious_a to_o the_o emperor_n who_o have_v the_o right_a of_o a_o lord_n over_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o prince_n and_o aught_o upon_o a_o vacancy_n to_o dispose_v of_o the_o fee_n last_o some_o estate_n have_v be_v seize_v by_o force_n by_o some_o of_o they_o when_o germany_n be_v involve_v in_o war_n and_o disturbance_n 4._o but_o then_o in_o after_o time_n when_o it_o appear_v emperor_n in_o after_o time_n these_o power_n be_v confirm_v by_o the_o emperor_n that_o the_o power_n which_o these_o prince_n have_v once_o get_v can_v not_o be_v dissolve_v without_o distract_n all_o germany_n and_o perhaps_o not_o so_o neither_o without_o hazard_v the_o ruin_n of_o he_o that_o shall_v attempt_v it_o it_o seem_v better_a to_o the_o succeed_a king_n especial_o after_o they_o see_v they_o can_v not_o obtain_v the_o empire_n without_o it_o to_o confirm_v their_o possession_n so_o that_o from_o thenceforth_o they_o enjoy_v their_o territory_n as_o fee_n acknowledge_v to_o depend_v on_o the_o emperor_n and_o swear_v allegiance_n to_o he_o and_o the_o empire_n from_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o by_o what_o mean_v soever_o the_o
i_o suppose_v the_o reason_n be_v because_o the_o chapter_n will_v scarce_o have_v submit_v patient_o to_o a_o bishop_n so_o obtrude_v on_o they_o though_o it_o be_v practise_v frequent_o in_o other_o country_n 7._o the_o bishop_n of_o germany_n be_v indebt_v emperor_n the_o bishopric_n of_o germany_n endow_v by_o the_o emperor_n to_o the_o liberality_n of_o the_o first_o emperor_n for_o all_o those_o province_n and_o great_a revenue_n they_o now_o enjoy_v a_o fervent_a piety_n and_o zeal_n in_o those_o time_n rule_v in_o the_o mind_n of_o prince_n because_o they_o think_v the_o more_o they_o give_v to_o the_o church_n the_o more_o they_o unite_a themselves_o to_o god_n which_o opinion_n be_v much_o abate_v in_o our_o time_n because_o many_o now_o how_o true_o i_o know_v not_o have_v take_v up_o another_o contrary_a to_o it_o viz_o that_o over_o great_a wealth_n bestow_v on_o church_n man_n tend_v rather_o to_o the_o extinguish_n than_o nourish_v of_o piety_n and_o religion_n the_o churchman_n also_o of_o those_o early_a time_n seem_v to_o have_v have_v the_o grace_n of_o ask_v without_o fear_n whatever_o may_v seem_v convenient_a for_o the_o allay_a the_o hardship_n of_o their_o profession_n thus_o the_o bishop_n and_o church_n obtain_v of_o these_o good_a prince_n not_o only_a farm_n tithe_n and_o rent_n but_o also_o whole_a lordship_n county_n dukedom_n with_o all_o the_o regalia_n or_o royalty_n annex_v to_o they_o so_o that_o they_o become_v equal_a in_o all_o thing_n to_o the_o temporal_a prince_n but_o then_o in_o truth_n they_o obtain_v the_o degree_n of_o prince_n but_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o otho_n and_o those_o that_o follow_v and_o they_o get_v not_o the_o regalia_z all_o at_o once_o but_o by_o little_a and_o little_a some_o at_o one_o time_n and_o some_o at_o another_o and_o from_o thence_o it_o come_v that_o some_o of_o the_o bishop_n have_v not_o yet_o get_v they_o all_o and_o other_o have_v they_o under_o the_o restraint_n of_o certain_a limitation_n there_o be_v two_o other_o thing_n contribute_v very_o much_o to_o the_o accure_v all_o these_o great_a riches_n and_o honour_n for_o the_o church_n 1._o that_o many_o of_o the_o nobility_n in_o those_o time_n take_v order_n and_o become_v churchman_n and_o 2._o that_o all_o the_o little_a learning_n those_o barbarous_a age_n have_v be_v in_o the_o clergy_n this_o occasion_v the_o call_n the_o bishop_n to_o court_n to_o give_v their_o advice_n and_o the_o employ_v they_o as_o judge_n and_o governor_n in_o the_o province_n because_o these_o thing_n can_v be_v well_o perform_v without_o some_o learning_n and_o this_o be_v the_o true_a reason_n why_o the_o office_n of_o chancellor_n be_v at_o first_o annex_v to_o the_o principal_a bishop_n see_v i_o do_v also_o believe_v that_o the_o riches_n of_o the_o church_n be_v very_o much_o improve_v by_o many_o prince_n and_o nobleman_n who_o resign_v their_o estate_n or_o a_o part_n of_o they_o to_o the_o bishop_n and_o take_v they_o again_o as_o fee_n from_o they_o that_o they_o may_v so_o oblige_v they_o to_o take_v the_o more_o care_n in_o recommend_v they_o and_o their_o salvation_n to_o god_n in_o their_o prayer_n and_o as_o their_o family_n afterward_o be_v extinguish_v their_o estate_n be_v unite_v to_o the_o bishopric_n who_o know_v not_o also_o what_o vast_a addition_n have_v be_v since_o make_v by_o the_o will_n of_o die_a man_n when_o a_o nation_n that_o be_v natural_o afraid_a of_o heat_n and_o thirst_v see_v they_o must_v buy_v off_o the_o roast_n in_o purgatory_n by_o that_o mean_n which_o they_o fear_v above_o all_o man_n 8._o the_o churchman_n may_v have_v be_v benefactor_n when_o they_o become_v very_o rich_a they_o will_v not_o be_v subject_a to_o their_o benefactor_n well_o content_v with_o their_o condition_n in_o germany_n though_o they_o have_v neither_o abjure_a ambition_n nor_o avarice_n but_o then_o as_o they_o of_o all_o man_n be_v desirous_a to_o have_v other_o under_o they_o so_o they_o can_v least_o endure_v to_o see_v other_o above_o they_o and_o therefore_o think_v this_o be_v still_o want_v to_o perfect_v their_o happiness_n in_o this_o world_n because_o they_o be_v still_o force_v to_o receive_v all_o they_o have_v from_o the_o emperor_n and_o consequent_o be_v force_v to_o live_v in_o a_o dependence_n on_o he_o if_o the_o reverence_n i_o owe_v that_o most_o sacred_a order_n of_o man_n do_v not_o restrain_v i_o i_o shall_v say_v they_o be_v the_o worst_a of_o man_n who_o as_o the_o event_n show_v abuse_v the_o imprudent_a liberality_n of_o the_o emperor_n to_o the_o ruin_n of_o that_o majesty_n and_o power_n that_o have_v raise_v and_o enrich_v dignify_v and_o ennoble_v they_o certain_o he_o be_v not_o worthy_a of_o liberty_n who_o be_v not_o will_v to_o own_o his_o manumissor_n for_o his_o patron_n and_o master_n that_o therefore_o this_o tribe_n of_o levite_n may_v whole_o free_v themselves_o from_o the_o subjection_n of_o the_o laic_n the_o german_a bishop_n strenuous_o solicit_v the_o pope_n to_o send_v abroad_o his_o vatican_n thunder_n and_o raise_v plenty_n of_o commotion_n in_o the_o empire_n to_o second_v they_o by_o both_o which_o they_o at_o last_o gain_v their_o point_n for_o the_o archbishop_n of_o mentz_n lead_v the_o way_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o flock_n follow_v he_o faithful_o and_o will_v never_o suffer_v their_o prince_n to_o have_v any_o rest_n till_o he_o will_v permit_v they_o to_o depend_v on_o no_o body_n but_o the_o pope_n this_o as_o many_o think_v bring_v a_o signal_n mischief_n on_o the_o german_a state_n viz._n the_o have_v so_o many_o of_o its_o member_n acknowledge_v a_o foreign_a head_n unless_o we_o can_v think_v the_o pope_n be_v so_o fond_o in_o love_n with_o germany_n that_o he_o desire_v nothing_o more_o than_o its_o preservation_n and_o that_o they_o at_o rome_n know_v better_v what_o be_v for_o the_o good_a of_o germany_n than_o the_o very_a german_n themselves_o do_v 9_o it_o remain_v now_o that_o we_o say_v something_o of_o the_o free_a city_n germany_n till_o the_o city_n of_o the_o free_a city_n v._o century_n after_o christ_n have_v nothing_o but_o village_n without_o wall_n or_o disperse_v house_n in_o all_o that_o part_n of_o it_o which_o lie_v to_o the_o east_n and_o north_n of_o the_o rhine_n even_o in_o the_o ix_o century_n there_o be_v only_o mention_v make_v of_o a_o city_n or_o two_o in_o that_o part_n which_o border_n on_o the_o state_n of_o venice_n but_o then_o there_o be_v many_o city_n build_v by_o the_o roman_n much_o more_o earlily_n in_o that_o part_n which_o lie_v on_o the_o french_a side_n of_o the_o rhine_n of_o which_o the_o roman_n be_v possess_v as_o also_o between_o the_o danube_n and_o the_o alps_o which_o belong_v then_o to_o they_o but_o be_v afterward_o a_o part_n of_o germany_n the_o reason_n why_o in_o those_o ancient_a city_n why_o the_o german_n of_o old_a have_v no_o city_n time_n they_o have_v no_o city_n be_v first_o because_o the_o old_a 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hereditary_a but_o a_o mixture_n of_o both_o for_o we_o read_v frequent_o that_o the_o elective_a the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n morchereditary_a than_o elective_a king_n of_o france_n be_v constitute_v by_o the_o consent_n and_o approbation_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o whole_a people_n of_o france_n but_o in_o such_o a_o manner_n yet_o that_o they_o never_o choose_v out_o of_o the_o line_n of_o the_o dead_a king_n but_o for_o very_o great_a reason_n which_o kind_n of_o election_n be_v as_o we_o know_v still_o observe_v in_o poland_n yet_o he_o that_o shall_v curious_o observe_v it_o shall_v find_v france_n have_v more_o of_o a_o successive_a than_o of_o a_o elective_a kingdom_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v collate_v on_o the_o first_o of_o the_o race_n with_o a_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v transmit_v it_o to_o his_o posterity_n unless_o they_o appear_v to_o the_o people_n very_o unworthy_a of_o it_o so_o that_o the_o child_n of_o the_o decease_a king_n do_v not_o so_o much_o gain_v a_o new_a right_n to_o the_o kingdom_n by_o this_o approbation_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o people_n as_o a_o declaration_n that_o they_o be_v not_o uncapable_a of_o succeed_a by_o the_o right_n that_o be_v at_o first_o collate_v on_o they_o afterward_o the_o line_n of_o charles_n the_o great_a be_v depose_v or_o reject_v and_o deny_v the_o throne_n of_o france_n the_o kingdom_n of_o germany_n or_o as_o they_o then_o call_v it_o the_o east_n kingdom_n of_o france_n be_v by_o the_o most_o free_a consent_n of_o conrade_n germany_n give_v free_o to_o otho_n and_o after_o to_o conrade_n the_o nobility_n give_v to_o otho_n the_o saxon_a who_o excuse_v himself_o on_o the_o account_n of_o his_o age_n by_o his_o advice_n conrade_n duke_n of_o franconia_n be_v by_o they_o choose_v king_n of_o germany_n who_o be_v as_o some_o think_v of_o the_o line_n of_o charles_n the_o great_a by_o his_o counsel_n also_o afterward_o henry_n the_o falconer_n son_n of_o otho_n duke_n of_o 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more_o fond_a of_o get_v money_n than_o preserve_v the_o soul_n of_o those_o under_o his_o care_n or_o last_o to_o prevent_v be_v suspect_v to_o be_v better_o please_v with_o the_o price_n of_o man_n sin_n pay_v to_o he_o than_o with_o the_o most_o innocent_a and_o holy_a life_n the_o more_o indevout_a sort_n of_o man_n be_v not_o to_o be_v tempt_v neither_o by_o this_o affair_n to_o suspect_v that_o the_o priest_n be_v very_o like_a physician_n and_o surgeon_n who_o reap_v too_o much_o benefit_n from_o the_o disease_n and_o wound_n of_o man_n to_o be_v hearty_o sorry_a for_o they_o so_o that_o if_o it_o be_v foolish_a and_o sacrilegious_a to_o give_v sentence_n against_o the_o indulgence_n to_o the_o damage_n of_o the_o church_n it_o have_v be_v prudent_a to_o sweeten_v a_o man_n of_o too_o warm_a a_o temper_n with_o present_n preferment_n and_o promise_n that_o he_o may_v not_o light_v the_o laity_n into_o the_o way_n of_o shake_v off_o the_o church_n yoke_n and_o when_o so_o many_o have_v by_o ambition_n and_o gift_n aspire_v to_o the_o high_a dignity_n in_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n i_o think_v for_o my_o share_n it_o will_v have_v be_v worth_a the_o while_n to_o have_v wrap_v this_o monk_n in_o purple_a to_o prevent_v his_o do_v she_o so_o great_a a_o mischief_n for_o when_o martin_n luther_n see_v he_o can_v have_v no_o justice_n do_v he_o at_o the_o pope_n tribunal_n he_o begin_v to_o court_v the_o grace_n and_o good_a opinion_n of_o the_o laity_n and_o soon_o after_o he_o positive_o refuse_v to_o submit_v to_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o pope_n because_o he_o have_v make_v the_o quarrel_n his_o own_o by_o enter_v into_o it_o and_o that_o he_o may_v not_o want_v a_o patron_n he_o begin_v to_o teach_v that_o the_o care_n of_o the_o church_n belong_v to_o secular_a prince_n and_o those_o who_o have_v the_o like_a authority_n and_o they_o again_o reflect_v that_o the_o great_a revenue_n their_o ancestor_n have_v give_v to_o pious_a use_n be_v spend_v in_o 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to_o reason_n 10._o the_o effect_n of_o this_o controversy_n be_v rome_n many_o of_o the_o german_a prince_n desert_v the_o see_v of_o rome_n that_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o ancient_a rite_n and_o all_o those_o doctrine_n which_o seem_v superfluous_a to_o these_o new_a teacher_n be_v lay_v aside_o by_o a_o considerable_a part_n of_o the_o german_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n many_o of_o the_o clergy_n be_v deprive_v of_o their_o church-land_n thereupon_o many_o suit_n be_v commence_v in_o the_o chamber_n of_o spire_n by_o the_o clergy_n against_o those_o that_o have_v deprive_v they_o of_o their_o possession_n and_o that_o court_n be_v also_o very_o willing_a to_o have_v restore_v all_o to_o the_o out_v clergy_n but_o then_o the_o protestant_n as_o they_o be_v call_v refuse_v in_o this_o matter_n to_o acknowledge_v the_o jurisdiction_n of_o that_o court_n for_o though_o say_v they_o the_o law_n in_o all_o case_n command_v that_o they_o which_o have_v be_v dispossess_v shall_v be_v restore_v to_o what_o they_o once_o have_v yet_o in_o this_o case_n that_o be_v now_o depend_v it_o be_v sit_v and_o reasonable_a that_o a_o lawful_a general_a council_n or_o some_o other_o public_a convention_n that_o be_v a_o national_a council_n of_o germany_n shall_v first_o consider_v and_o determine_v whether_o the_o out_v clergy_n do_v profess_v and_o teach_v the_o true_a religion_n for_o if_o this_o be_v not_o first_o well_v prove_v as_o they_o believe_v it_o can_v not_o it_o be_v in_o vain_a and_o to_o no_o good_a purpose_n for_o they_o to_o expect_v the_o enjoyment_n of_o those_o revenue_n which_o have_v be_v give_v by_o their_o ancestor_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o true_a worship_n of_o god_n now_o because_o they_o be_v quick_o sensible_a that_o reason_n and_o protestation_n alone_o will_v not_o secure_v they_o the_o great_a part_n of_o these_o protestant_a state_n and_o prince_n join_v in_o a_o league_n at_o smalcald_a to_o repel_v any_o force_n or_o violence_n which_o may_v be_v offer_v to_o any_o of_o they_o because_o they_o have_v embrace_v the_o reform_a religion_n at_o length_n it_o come_v to_o a_o war_n which_o prove_v very_o unfortunate_a to_o the_o protestant_n and_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n and_o the_o landtgrave_n of_o hess_n the_o two_o principal_a person_n of_o their_o party_n be_v both_o take_v prisoner_n and_o their_o religion_n seem_v to_o be_v in_o a_o desperate_a and_o hopeless_a condition_n but_o then_o maurice_n the_o next_o duke_n of_o saxony_n restore_v it_o to_o its_o former_a power_n by_o his_o arm_n and_o the_o r._n catholic_n be_v force_v to_o come_v to_o a_o treaty_n at_o passaw_n for_o the_o secure_v all_o party_n the_o term_n of_o which_o may_v easy_o be_v find_v in_o any_o of_o the_o german_a historian_n of_o that_o time_n after_o this_o in_o the_o diet_n of_o ausburg_n religion_n the_o decree_n of_o ausburg_n for_o the_o liberty_n of_o religion_n in_o the_o year_n 1555_o the_o protestant_n obtain_v the_o secure_v their_o religion_n by_o a_o law_n pass_v there_o in_o favour_n of_o it_o by_o which_o law_n they_o have_v sufficient_a security_n give_v they_o that_o they_o shall_v live_v in_o peace_n and_o that_o neither_o of_o the_o party_n shall_v hurt_v or_o invade_v the_o other_o on_o the_o account_n of_o their_o different_a religion_n nor_o compel_v any_o man_n by_o force_n to_o abjure_v that_o religion_n which_o he_o profess_v if_o any_o church-land_n have_v be_v seize_v by_o any_o of_o the_o secular_a prince_n which_o do_v not_o belong_v to_o any_o other_o immediate_a state_n or_o prince_n of_o germany_n it_o shall_v be_v leave_v to_o the_o present_a possessor_n against_o who_o no_o suit_n shall_v be_v commence_v in_o the_o chamber_n of_o spire_n if_o the_o clergy_n be_v not_o in_o possession_n of_o the_o same_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o treaty_n of_o passaw_n or_o after_o it_o that_o the_o ecclesiastical_a jurisdiction_n shall_v not_o be_v exercise_v against_o those_o who_o profess_v the_o protestant_a religion_n and_o that_o they_o shall_v manage_v their_o religious_a affair_n as_o they_o think_v fit_a that_o no_o prince_n shall_v allure_v the_o subject_n of_o another_o prince_n to_o his_o religion_n nor_o undertake_v the_o defence_n of_o they_o on_o the_o pretence_n of_o religion_n against_o their_o own_o prince_n but_o then_o those_o subject_n of_o either_o side_n that_o be_v not_o please_v with_o the_o religion_n or_o ceremony_n of_o his_o own_o prince_n may_v sell_v their_o estate_n and_o go_v where_o they_o please_v and_o last_o if_o this_o difference_n of_o religion_n can_v be_v compose_v by_o fair_a and_o lawful_a mean_n this_o peace_n shall_v nevertheless_o be_v perpetual_a 11._o in_o the_o mean_a time_n there_o be_v a_o sharp_a dispute_v the_o liberty_n of_o the_o clergy_n more_o fierce_o
though_o a_o holy_a person_n be_v then_o consider_v as_o one_o out_o of_o the_o bound_n of_o germany_n and_o so_o not_o to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o 15._o in_o all_o these_o thing_n in_o process_n and_o length_n of_o time_n almost_o every_o thing_n be_v time_n the_o old_a form_n change_v in_o after_o time_n change_v after_o the_o golden_a bull_n the_o elector_n take_v cognizance_n of_o all_o the_o royal_a case_n and_o the_o pope_n assume_v to_o himself_o so_o great_a power_n on_o that_o account_n that_o he_o make_v no_o scruple_n to_o excommunicate_v the_o emperor_n and_o declare_v that_o their_o subject_n be_v free_a from_o the_o obligation_n of_o their_o allegiance_n to_o they_o and_o he_o bold_o say_v the_o emperor_n be_v his_o vassal_n and_o the_o empire_n a_o fee_n which_o belong_v to_o his_o see_n as_o to_o the_o prince_n suit_n or_o case_n this_o be_v ever_o observe_v from_o the_o very_a beginning_n of_o the_o french_a monarchy_n that_o they_o be_v never_o determine_v by_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o king_n alone_o but_o be_v always_o decide_v in_o a_o convention_n of_o the_o nobility_n upon_o a_o simple_a and_o short_a process_n according_a to_o equity_n and_o good_a conscience_n and_o even_o in_o the_o first_o age_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n if_o any_o of_o the_o emperor_n assume_v a_o power_n single_o to_o judge_v of_o the_o fee_n belong_v to_o any_o of_o the_o prince_n the_o more_o courageous_a of_o they_o always_o protest_v against_o it_o yea_o if_o all_o the_o testimony_n we_o have_v be_v lose_v the_o very_a form_n of_o the_o whole_a empire_n or_o its_o constitution_n do_v sufficient_o prove_v that_o thing_n of_o that_o consequence_n which_o these_o suit_n be_v of_o ought_v not_o by_o it_o to_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o single_a judgement_n of_o the_o emperor_n and_o therefore_o they_o be_v notorious_o guilty_a of_o palpable_a flattery_n who_o pretend_v that_o this_o judgement_n of_o the_o case_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n which_o the_o german_n call_v das_n furstenrecht_n be_v a_o mere_a pretence_n but_o then_o it_o be_v long_o after_o these_o time_n that_o these_o inferior_a prince_n take_v upon_o they_o to_o judge_v arbitrary_o of_o the_o case_n of_o their_o own_o vassal_n which_o be_v do_v only_o by_o some_o family_n and_o imitate_v by_o the_o free_a imperial_a city_n as_o to_o their_o subject_n the_o german_n call_v these_o count_n in_o their_o language_n austrega_n and_o it_o be_v probable_a they_o begin_v about_o the_o time_n of_o frederick_n and_o the_o great_a interregnum_fw-la those_o that_o trust_v more_o to_o their_o power_n or_o force_n than_o to_o the_o justice_n of_o their_o cause_n will_v commit_v the_o trial_n of_o it_o to_o the_o sword_n it_o be_v also_o a_o late_a practice_n which_o have_v be_v take_v up_o by_o some_o of_o our_o late_a emperor_n and_o prince_n to_o refer_v the_o case_n depend_v to_o their_o minister_n and_o profess_a lawyer_n rather_o than_o to_o give_v themselves_o the_o trouble_n of_o hear_v they_o but_o then_o this_o become_v necessary_a when_o instead_o of_o a_o few_o plain_a country_n custom_n we_o have_v introduce_v the_o intricate_a papal_a and_o civil_a law_n which_o it_o will_v have_v be_v the_o utmost_a punishment_n to_o have_v put_v the_o prince_n to_o the_o trouble_n of_o learning_n 16._o as_o to_o the_o churchman_n they_o innovate_v churchman_n the_o innovation_n bring_v in_o by_o the_o churchman_n in_o these_o particular_n by_o degree_n they_o draw_v all_o the_o personal_a case_n of_o the_o bishop_n to_o the_o pope_n tribunal_n utter_o destroy_v thereby_o all_o the_o authority_n of_o metropolitan_n and_o synod_n and_o they_o take_v from_o the_o laity_n all_o right_n of_o judge_v in_o any_o case_n a_o clergyman_n this_o be_v by_o the_o protestant_n return_v to_o the_o ancient_a method_n but_o by_o the_o roman_a catholic_n still_o retain_v though_o charles_n v_n and_o some_o other_o prince_n since_o have_v to_o the_o great_a vexation_n of_o the_o pope_n order_v some_o thing_n pertain_v to_o religion_n and_o punish_v some_o clergyman_n for_o great_a offence_n too_o in_o the_o time_n also_o of_o frederick_n two_o and_o those_o that_o follow_v the_o bishop_n and_o clergy_n assume_v to_o themselves_o the_o free_a administration_n or_o management_n of_o their_o own_o church-estate_n and_o shake_v off_o their_o advocate_n of_o vicedam_n yet_o still_o the_o ecclesiastical_a state_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o empire_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o fee_n and_o other_o regalia_n of_o which_o they_o may_v be_v deprive_v if_o they_o act_v any_o thing_n insolent_o against_o the_o public_a peace_n and_o the_o law_n of_o the_o empire_n the_o monk_n as_o to_o their_o person_n be_v in_o the_o time_n of_o charles_n the_o great_a subject_a to_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o bishop_n from_o who_o some_o ancient_a monastery_n be_v exempt_v and_o be_v put_v immediate_o under_o the_o pope_n the_o new_a order_n which_o have_v arisen_a since_o the_o xiii_o century_n be_v only_o subject_a to_o their_o provincial_n and_o general_n and_o only_o acknowledge_v the_o pope_n jurisdiction_n as_o their_o supreme_a ordinary_n the_o administration_n of_o the_o land_n of_o the_o abbey_n be_v at_o first_o commit_v to_o advocate_n from_o which_o dependence_n in_o length_n of_o time_n some_o house_n be_v exempt_v but_o the_o great_a part_n have_v still_o remain_v in_o the_o same_o state_n they_o be_v at_o first_o and_o some_o few_o of_o they_o be_v free_a from_o all_o public_a tax_n and_o charge_n 17._o the_o secular_a case_n of_o the_o mean_a people_n manage_v secular_a case_n how_o manage_v be_v hear_v in_o the_o time_n of_o charles_n the_o great_a either_o in_o the_o secular_a court_n or_o by_o the_o bishop_n in_o his_o consistory_n which_o late_a way_n have_v since_o be_v much_o extend_v beyond_o what_o it_o be_v at_o first_o these_o be_v first_o as_o to_o the_o secular_a court_n to_o make_v their_o complaint_n to_o the_o scabin_n which_o in_o ancient_a time_n be_v appoint_v in_o all_o the_o pagi_n hundred_o and_o village_n from_o he_o they_o may_v appeal_v to_o the_o grave_n or_o comites_fw-la earl_n or_o sheriff_n who_o jurisdiction_n be_v after_o usurp_v by_o many_o duke_n and_o bishop_n from_o the_o count_n or_o grave_n they_o have_v a_o appeal_n to_o the_o itinerary_a messenger_n or_o judge_n send_v into_o the_o province_n by_o the_o king_n and_o from_o they_o to_o the_o king_n himself_o who_o in_o his_o court_n make_v a_o final_a determination_n of_o all_o case_n but_o in_o the_o xv._o century_n when_o appeal_n become_v very_o frequent_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o bring_n in_o the_o tedious_a form_n and_o the_o iniquity_n of_o the_o rabble_n for_o the_o more_o commodious_a determine_v these_o it_o be_v resolve_v to_o erect_v a_o certain_a fix_a tribunal_n or_o court_n which_o appeal_n the_o chamber_n of_o spire_n erect_v for_o appeal_n be_v at_o last_o settle_v at_o spire_n the_o reason_n of_o this_o be_v not_o because_o the_o imperial_a court_n be_v too_o ambulatory_a or_o unsettled_a but_o because_o the_o vast_a quantity_n of_o these_o case_n may_v most_o convenient_o be_v determine_v in_o a_o place_n set_v apart_o for_o that_o end_n the_o french_a in_o wetzlar_n since_o remove_v to_o wetzlar_n the_o year_n 1688_o have_v seize_v spire_n the_o diet_n in_o the_o year_n 1689_o agree_v this_o court_n shall_v be_v settle_v for_o the_o future_a at_o westlar_n wetzlar_n a_o city_n of_o hassia_n seven_o german_a mile_n from_o frankford_n to_o the_o north_n and_o about_o fifteen_o from_o cologne_n to_o the_o s._n e._n which_o be_v approve_v by_o the_o emperor_n commissioner_n be_v appoint_v to_o adjust_a all_o thing_n for_o the_o open_v this_o court_n there_o and_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a it_o will_v never_o be_v return_v back_o to_o spire_n that_o city_n be_v too_o much_o expose_v to_o the_o insult_v of_o the_o french_a who_o when_o they_o please_v can_v seize_v the_o record_n of_o this_o court_n to_o the_o inestimable_a damage_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o beside_o the_o french_a have_v before_o burn_v and_o destroy_v the_o whole_a town_n of_o spire_n not_o leave_v any_o thing_n stand_v in_o it_o that_o fire_n and_o gunpowder_n can_v fetch_v down_o 18._o the_o modern_a way_n of_o trial_n now_o receive_v process_n the_o present_a form_n of_o process_n in_o germany_n be_v thus_o when_o any_o private_a person_n commence_v a_o suit_n against_o another_o of_o the_o same_o quality_n he_o in_o the_o first_o instance_n go_v to_o the_o praetor_n schahin_n of_o the_o city_n or_o village_n in_o which_o he_o live_v except_o the_o defendant_n be_v some_o way_n privilege_v above_o the_o schahin_n there_o be_v in_o all_o the_o principality_n which_o i_o have_v be_v acquaint_v with_o some_o superior_a court_n which_o be_v common_a to_o the_o whole_a province_n which_o they_o call_v the_o
celebration_n of_o the_o holy_a office_n of_o religion_n who_o ought_v to_o have_v no_o other_o employment_n and_o yet_o shall_v be_v competent_o maintain_v that_o it_o be_v also_o fit_a that_o church_n shall_v be_v build_v on_o the_o public_a charge_n who_o external_a beauty_n and_o magnificence_n may_v create_v in_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n a_o awful_a regard_n to_o religion_n for_o the_o kindle_v the_o devotion_n of_o the_o common_a people_n but_o then_o i_o think_v no_o wise_a man_n will_v deny_v that_o those_o man_n who_o be_v no_o way_n necessary_a to_o the_o service_n of_o god_n nor_o employ_v in_o his_o worship_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v call_v or_o think_v churchman_n or_o of_o the_o clergy_n and_o that_o what_o be_v employ_v in_o the_o maintain_v such_o man_n have_v nothing_o of_o sanctity_n in_o it_o but_o in_o germany_n the_o clergy_n be_v so_o vast_o enrich_v by_o the_o liberality_n of_o the_o old_a emperor_n the_o prince_n and_o the_o common_a people_n that_o one_o half_a if_o not_o more_o of_o the_o land_n of_o that_o nation_n be_v in_o their_o hand_n which_o be_v never_o hear_v of_o in_o any_o other_o and_o a_o innumerable_a shoal_n of_o lazy_a useless_a man_n make_v it_o their_o business_n to_o live_v upon_o and_o devour_v this_o vast_a wealth_n which_o be_v neither_o agreeable_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o christian_a religion_n nor_o of_o sound_a policy_n the_o holy_a scripture_n do_v indeed_o command_v as_o to_o provide_v decent_o and_o liberal_o for_o the_o clergy_n and_o that_o we_o shall_v not_o muzzle_v the_o mouth_n of_o the_o ox_n that_o tread_v out_o the_o corn_n but_o then_o they_o never_o give_v that_o name_n to_o those_o who_o have_v no_o share_n in_o the_o ministry_n of_o the_o church_n nor_o do_v they_o any_o where_n exempt_a the_o person_n of_o the_o clergy_n or_o their_o revenue_n from_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o civil_a magistrate_n or_o disable_v they_o to_o attemperate_a the_o same_o in_o such_o manner_n as_o may_v be_v consistent_a with_o the_o public_a good_n and_o your_o venetian_a your_o the_o author_n pretend_v to_o be_v a_o venetian_a venetian_a republic_n understand_v none_o better_a that_o the_o revenue_n and_o riches_n of_o the_o church_n be_v not_o to_o be_v excessive_o increase_v to_o the_o damage_n of_o the_o state_n and_o she_o have_v according_o wise_o put_v a_o stop_n to_o that_o leak_n the_o pope_n and_o court_n of_o rome_n oppose_v she_o in_o this_o design_n in_o vain_a and_o without_o any_o success_n in_o truth_n she_o see_v herself_o waste_v by_o this_o mean_n and_o as_o it_o be_v bring_v into_o a_o consumption_n whilst_o her_o riches_n and_o land_n be_v engross_v by_o a_o sort_n of_o man_n who_o acknowledge_v no_o authority_n but_o that_o of_o a_o head_n without_o their_o state_n and_o pretend_v at_o the_o same_o time_n they_o be_v exempt_v by_o the_o divine_a law_n from_o contribute_v to_o the_o public_a burden_n as_o to_o the_o number_n of_o bishop_n germany_n have_v no_o reason_n to_o complain_v except_o that_o consider_v the_o extent_n of_o the_o nation_n they_o be_v too_o few_o to_o discharge_v their_o office_n as_o they_o ought_v if_o they_o be_v otherwise_o well_o dispose_v to_o do_v it_o but_o to_o what_o purpose_n serve_v the_o vast_a revenue_n belong_v to_o these_o few_o see_v you_o will_v perhaps_o say_v they_o be_v prince_n of_o the_o empire_n as_o well_o as_o bishop_n and_o take_v their_o share_n in_o the_o care_n of_o the_o state_n with_o the_o other_o prince_n why_o then_o let_v they_o abstain_v from_o the_o sacred_a title_n of_o bishop_n because_o that_o holy_a office_n be_v inconsistent_a with_o the_o vast_a burden_n of_o secular_a business_n which_o be_v necessary_o attend_v on_o the_o office_n of_o a_o secular_a prince_n let_v they_o lay_v by_o the_o first_o and_o stick_v whole_o to_o the_o last_o title_n for_o i_o think_v the_o christian_a religion_n will_v suffer_v no_o detriment_n if_o they_o do_v not_o celebrate_v one_o or_o two_o mass_n in_o a_o year_n attend_v with_o a_o vast_a number_n of_o their_o guard_n and_o retinue_n in_o rich_a garb_n and_o with_o great_a pomp_n as_o if_o they_o design_v nothing_o by_o it_o but_o to_o reproach_v the_o poverty_n and_o mean_a circumstance_n of_o the_o first_o settler_n of_o the_o christian_a religion_n so_o let_v the_o bishop_n of_o mentz_n if_o he_o will_v possess_v his_o great_a revenue_n to_o enable_v he_o to_o sustain_v the_o dignity_n and_o charge_n of_o his_o office_n of_o chancellor_n of_o germany_n but_o then_o there_o be_v no_o apparent_a cause_n can_v be_v give_v why_o he_o shall_v have_v a_o bishop_n see_v assign_v to_o he_o when_o the_o other_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n who_o have_v as_o great_a zeal_n for_o the_o welfare_n of_o their_o country_n as_o he_o have_v be_v content_v to_o take_v none_o but_o temporal_a title_n now_o what_o shall_v i_o say_v of_o the_o canon_n of_o the_o cathedral_n church_n which_o be_v the_o block_n they_o hew_v into_o bishop_n 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