saythe That Socrates speakyng to the Athenienses sayd it is holden for trouth that your cittie in time past did resist an innumerable number of enemies which came froÌ„ y e Sea called Mare Athlanticum who had taken and enioyed the most parte of all Europe and Asia For at that time that strayght was Nauigable hauyng not far from y e mouthe an Ilande which began neare vnto the Pillers of Hercules whiche was reported to bee greater then Asia Africa and ioyntly from the same was contractacion in bying sellyng with other Ilandes which Ilands had conference with the fyrme and continent lande which stoode in frent of them who were neyghbours vnto the true sea For that Sea with reason might be called the certayne and true Sea and the lande continent and fyrmeâ—â—his mutche writeth Plato He also affyrmeth that .9000 yeares before the writyng hereof the Sea encreased with so mightie a power of water in those parties that in one day and one night this great Ilande suncke and all the people perished and that afterward the same sea remayned full of sandes and shallowes so that â—hereby neuer after any mought passe vnto the other Ilandes nor fyrme lande All those which write vpon Plato affirme and hold opinion that this Hystorie was true so that the most of them especially Marsilius Ficinus and Plantinus wil not admit the meanyng to be Alegoricall although many others iudge the contrarie as the same Marsilius referreth vpon the anotations vpon Thimeum But where he speaketh of the .9000 yeres it seemeth not a fabulus argument for accordynge to Eudoxus those yeres were to be vnderstood accordynge to the Egiptians accompt where euery monthe was accompted one whole yere and not accordynge to y e course of the Sunne so that .9000 monthes maketh .750 yeres Likewise it is almost a demonstration to geue credit to the oppinion touchyng this Iland consydering that all the Historiagraphersâ— and Cosmographers that wrote of olde time do cal the Sea where y â— Iland suncke Mathanticum reseruinge the name which it had when it was land Than presupposyng that the Hystorie is true who can deny that this Ilande Athlantica began from the streight of Gibraltar or not far from Cadiz and extended into the greate gulfe where as well North and South as East and West is a greater space then the scituation of all Asia and Africa The Ilands wherof the text maketh mencion seemeth to be Espaniola Cuba Iamaica and the residew which stande in that Comarke The firme landes whiche is sayd to stande in frent of the said Ilands doth appere by reason to be the same firme land which now is called after the same name and al the other prouinces wher vnto it is continent which beginnynge from the straight of Magalanez doth contayne runnyng Northward the lande of Peru the Prouince of Popayan Castillia del oro Beragua Nicaragua Guatimalla Nueua Hispania the seuen citties Florida Bacallaos and the said lande runneth along from thence Norward vntill it come to ioygne almost with Norway In the which without doubt is more grounde then as yet throughout all the world is inhabited or at least was knowen before the discouery of this countrey This matter doth not cause any great dificultie that the Romaines and other nations which in time past inioyed the Land of Spayne had not discouered this countrey It is to be thought y t the roughnes of those Seas in those dayes did disturbe and hinder the Nauigation So that this Lande may well bee called the firme and continent Land wherof Plato writeth which doth agree with all the tokens and signes which hee giueth of the other cheefely wherin hee affirmeth that it lyeth infrent of the South Sea Then forasmuch as hath beene sayled in our daies in the sayd South Sea doth appere that in respect of the bredth and greatnes of the sayde South Sea all the Mediterraneum Sea and as much as is knowen of the Occean vulgarly called the Northen Sea are Riuers in comparison of the other Then all this approued true the signes tokens and wordes of Plato do therwith accord so that there is no doubt or difficultie in the first passage into Peru of innumerable people as well from the great Iland Atlantica as also from other Ilandes from which Ilandes they vsed to sayle and also out of the firme Land they might passe into Peru And if in this pointe should seeme any difficultie yet it is to bee credited that by the South Sea they had vse and knowledge of Nauigation by contraction and traficke which they had with this great Iland where the text declareth that they had great aboundance of Shippes yea and Roades and harbors made by force of hande for their conseruacion where nature wanted This is as much as may be gathered touching this matter which is not small for a thing of such antiquitie without light cheefely that in all the Prouinces and Countrey of Peru were founde no kinde of Letters or Writinge to conserue the remembrance of things past nor yet the pictures or paynting which serued in the new Spayne for Letters sauing only certayne stringes of diuerse colours full of knots so that by those knots and distance betweene them was an account kepte amonge that people but maruailous strange to be vnderstood as hereafter in this History shalbe declared Therfore I may saye with Horatius Si quid nouicti restius istis candidus imperti si non vis vtere mecum And as concerning the Discouery of this newe countrey the wordes of Seneca doth fit which he set out in his Medea Tragedy Venient annis saecula seris Quibus Oceanus vincula rerum Laxet nouosque typhis detegat orbes Atque ingens pateat tellus Nec sit terris vltima thyle Besides the oppinion of Plato at this day are to be seene the Ilands of Asorez Canarie Madera and Ilandes of Cabo Verde with wonderfull shallowes and Sande lyinge farre out into the mayne Sea which are thought to haue bin part of the sayd Iland Athlantica This History doth also set forth the dutie and royall seruice of the Subiect to his Prince and how Mutynies are iustly punished And likewise last of all how blood is punished with blood and the highe waye to Honour is great paine and daunger of lyfe And I for my parte Gentle Reader desire no more for my paynes but that thou wilte as willingly accept my trauaile as I with good will do offer the same Farewell THE HISTORY OF THE Discouery and Conquest of the Prouince of Peru and of the warres and other notable thinges which there happened ¶ Of the notice of Peru and how the discouery was begon Chap. 1. IN the yeare of our Lord and Sauiour Iesus Christ 1525. in the Cittie of Panama which standeth scituated on the border of the South Sea in the Prouince of firme Land called Castillia del oro dwelt thrée Gentilmen among whom was sundrye times conference concerninge the vnderstandinge which they had
Uillages within the maine lande vse to come thither for their prouision and furniture From the mines of this Prouince is brought greatâ— aboundance of golde and siluer The scituation is in the middest of the land as yet discouered by reason whereof the Emperour his Maiestie placed there a chauncery royall and Iudges to decide his subiectes causes which also causeth the greater resorte of people It is thought that in processe of time this Citie will increase to be of marueilous fame and greatnes At this day there are aboue fiue hundred housholds of Spaniards and eâ—ery house hath a greater compasse of ground then the houses built in Spayne so y t these 500. houfes séeme bigger theâ— 1500. in Castillia by reason that the streetes are broad and hath also a place of great compasse in the middest of the citie ech house hath in the fronte 800. foote twise as much large Their buylding is but of one storie high for want of timber to builde a height and yet that timber within thrée yeres beginneth to rotte and consume yet notwithstanding the low building the houses are sumptuous and of great Maiestie The walles are of fiue foote broade the plot whereon the houses stand are raysed of like height with earth by reason whereof the houses seeme of reasonable height The Roofes of those houses are made of rafters layde crossewise and vpon the Timber is layde for séeling gallante paynted mattes like vnto those which are made in Almeria in the kingdome of Granada and vpon that seeling are layd boughes so that the lodgings are high fresh not troubled with the sunne and as for the water they neede not to care for as before is declared it neuer rayneth in those plaines Thirty Leagues from this Cittie along the Coast is another Cittie intituled the faire Towne of Aroquipa which hath in it 300. houses of Spanyardes this also is a healthfull soyle and aboundant of all kinde of victuall but it standeth 12. Leagues from the Sea coast by mean wherof it is thought that the Towne wil encrease with inhabitantes for the Riuer by which it standeth is so good and faire that Shippes laden with Marchandize may come vp the riuer euen to the Cittie and froÌ„ this place the Cittie of Cusco is serued of all things needefull and likewise the Prouince of Charcas from which places commeth the most people of that Countrey by reason of the contractacion of the Mynes of Potosi Also great quantitie of Plate is brought thither to be laden in the Shippes backe againe in returne to the Cittie of the Kinges or Panama which is a great helpe for to auoyde the carriage by land béeinge very daungerous and troublesome in the highe wayes since the time that the new Orders or Lawes set forth by the Emperour were executed From this Cittie men may trauaile forward alonge the Sea coaste for the space of 400. Leagues vnto the Prouince that the Gouernour Pedro de Valdiuia did discouer and inhabite called Chili which is as much as to say in the Indian tongue Colde by reason of the extreame colde which the trauellers passe in the waye thither as in this History shalbe declared hereafter when the iorney made by the chéefe Discouerer Don Diego de Almagro shalbe spoken of so that now is vnderstood the scituacion and habitacion of the parte of Peru and the Playnes therof wherwithall is likewise to bee considered that the Sea coaste is cleane and without daunger of Rocks as far as hither vnto hath béene discouered nor yet any furious or tempesteous weather doth vexe that coaste of the South Sea and therfore it may well bée called the quiet and Golden Sea yea and moreouer anye shippe along that coast may with one Ankor ride in safety with out daunger of any winde Of the qualities and nature of the Mountaynes of Peru and of the habitacions and dwellinges of Christians and Indyans Chap. 8. THe Indians which dwel in the Mountains doo differ much from those which dwell in y e Plaines or low countrey both in streÌ„gth knowledge and liuinge for in the Mountaynes their dwelling is in houses couered with earth their shirtes and garmentes are wrought of shéepes wooll which there doo bréed they weare nothing on their head but haue their haire laced with a stringe The Wemen weare garments without sléeues gyrded with woollen gyrdels which maketh them long wasted they also weare certayn Mantels ouer their heds which are pinned about their neckes with pinnes of Golde or Plate accordinge to the habilitie of euery one those pinnes are called in their language Topos because the heads are great plaine and flat and the sides and points excéedinge sharpe These Wiues doo helpe their Husbandes in the labour tillage of the ground nay I may say that their paines is greatest in all sâ—ruice These Wemen of complexion are white and well fauoured excéeding much the wemen of the Plaines and so likewise the countrey doth much differ the one from the other because the Mountaynes doth bring forth great aboundance of Grasse hath much fresh water of which and from which the Riuers procéedes which runneth downe into the Playnes there are also many kinde of Flowers and pleasant greene plottes with sundry kinde of Earbes and sundry sortes of Trees of maruailous fruites so pleasaunt in taste that in all Spayne there is no better there are also wilde Walnut trées and Willowes these Indians haue many wilde Shéepe and others very tame and domestical they haue also Deare and sundry other kinde of Beastes and great number of Foxes The Indians are great Hunters and call the game Chico but when they are disposed to make a generall feast of huntinge they ioyne togeather foure or fiue hundred Indians and place them selues one by one in the compasse of the ground which they meane to hunte which oftentimes is two or thrée Leagues in circuite and then they come inclosing foote by foote by the sound of certaine songes which they vse to singe for that purpose so that at the end they ioine altogeather in a round and take each other hand in hand some arme in arme so that they bring in among them a great number of siluester Beastes euen as though they were penned in a Pownd and than they kil and make their choice at their pleasure but the excéedinge showtes and hallowinge which they make doth not only feare the wilde Beasts but also oftentimes with the same noyse they amaze the Partriges and other Foule that easely they may be taken by hand There are also in the Mountaynes Lyons and great blacke Beares wilde Cattes and Apes of diuerse sorts and many other kinde of wilde Beastes vnknowen to our Nation The Foule which most frequent y t plaines and Mountaines are Eagles Doues Turtle Doues Quailes Parats Hawkes white russet Nightingals and diuerse other sortes of faire gallant Foule aloâ—ge the Sea coast are Buytres that hauinge their whinges spred
Barrio made answere to Guascar that they could not leaue of from y e iorney which they had in hand but with al spéede possible they meant to returne and then they would solicite his suite and request and so departed and procéeded on their iorney which was y e only cause of Guascars death and also the losse of al the said wonderful treasure for the captaines which carryed him prisoner gaue intelligence by poast to Atabaliba of all the talke had betwéene the Spanyards and Guascar But Atabaliba considered with him selfe that if this matter should come in question before the Gouernour aswell for that Guascaer had iustice on his side as also for the great aboundance of gold by his brother offred knowing also y e great loue affection that the Spaniards bare to the goldeÌ„ mettall he feared by these meanes that y e kingdome should be geuen to his brother yea and so it might fall out that for y e causes aforsaid he might be slain to put all matter out of question therfore he determined to kil his said brother yet he feared y e enterprise because he had heard say that y e christians had a law among theÌ„ that whosoeuer did kill any of their nation should therefore also be killed And thereupon he deuised to proue the Gouernours minde in that case the which he put in vre with great industry and on a day he fayned great sorrow with teares and sobbinge and would neither eate nor drinke nor speake with anye man although the Gouernour did earnestly enportune him to declare the causeâ— At the length hee began to say that hée had vnderstood and receiued newes how a Captaine of his séeinge him Prisoner had slayne his Brother Guascar the which was no small greefe for him for hée loued him not onely because he was his elder Brother but rather hée held him in stead of a father and although hee was the occassion to take him prisoner it was not to the intente to hurte his person nor yet to vsurpe his kingdome but only that hée should permit him to inioye his Prouince of Quito which his Father had giuen vnto him after that hée had conquered it which Prouince was also out of the dominion of Cusco The Gouernour hearinge his sorrowfull complaint comforted him and bid him bée of good cheare sayinge moreouer that death was a thing natural and when the Countrey should bee quieted of all dissencions then hee would make informacion to know who they were which consented and procured his Brothers death and punish them accordingly When Atabaliba perceiued that the Gouernour tooke the matter so slightly hée then fully determined to execute the thing which hée had deuised and sente priuily to the Captaines who had the kéepinge of Guascar expresse commission to kill him which was forthwith committed with such speede that it was neuer certainly knowen whither hée was slayne in the time that Atabaliba made his fained mourninge or afterwarde of which euill successe the principall fault was laide to Captaine Soto and Pedro de Barrio who were so presise in their determined iorney to Cusco The Indians doth reporte than when Guascar saw that hée should die hee said I haue béene a small while Lord of this Land and lesse shalbe the traytour my Brother by whose commaundement I now must die beeing his naturall Prince the which his words were well remembred for when they saw Atabaliba slaine as in this nexte Chapter shalbe declared they called to remembrance his wordes and said verely that Guascar was a Prophet childe of the Sunne consideringe how his wordes came to passe hee also sayd that when his Father departed froÌ„ him hee warned him that wheÌ„ a white people bearded should come into that Countrey that hee should submit him selfe vnto them because said hee they shalbe Lords ouer this Countrey although this thy Fathers Prophesie seemed strange yet through the industry of the Diuel it might be knowen for so much it happenâ—d before Guaynacaua died The Lord Marques went conquering along the coast of Peru and also when he abode in Caxamalca hee sente his Brother Hernando Pisarro with certayne Horsemen to discouer the Countrey who proceeded till hee came to Pachacama which standeth in the Prouince of Guamacucho where hee met with a Brother of Atabaliba called Illescaes who brought more theÌ„ 300000 poyzes of Golde towarde the raunsome of his Brother beside a great quantitie of Plate who after hee had passed many daungerous wayes and perrilous Bridges was come to Pachacama hee there had intelligence how a Captaine of Atabaliba called Cilicuchima abode in the Prouince of Xauxa with a great Armie which might be about fortie leagues from that place vnto whoÌ„ he sent requiring him to come vnto him but the Indian Captayne denied his request wherupon Hernando Pisarro determined to goe talke with him although his men coÌ„mended not his enterprise to bee so bolde to put him selfe in his enemies power who was a man of great might but in fine when Pisarro had spoken with him and through his perswasioÌ„ the Indian Captaine discharged his men and went personally with him to Caxamalca to sée his Lord Atabaliba but when hée should enter into the place where hée was hee put of his Shooes and tooke vpon his shoulders the present which they were wont to present him withall and with sorrowfull countenance the teares droppinge from his eyes hée sayd O mighty Prince if I had been with you at the time of your apprehencion the Christians had now possessed your person Atabaliba answered that it was Gods iudgement that hee should be Prisoner and also to be taken with so smal a company of straungers But said hee the principall occasion was the flight of my Captaine Ruminagui with 5000. men in whom I put my onely trust How Atabaliba was slayne and the occasion was layde to his charge how he went about to murder the Christians and how Don Diego de Almagro came into Peru the second time Chap. 7. THe Lord Marques Piâ—arro Gouernour béeinge in the Prouince of Poâ—chos before hee came to Caxamalca as before is declared he receiued a priuye Letter without firme which afterward was knowen to come froÌ„ the Secretary of Don Diego de Almagro froÌ„ Panama wherin was giuen to vnderstand how Don Diego had builte a great Ship with the intent that with the same others he ment with al his power to passe personally into Peru to intercept the Gouernoure procéedinges and to place possesse the best soyle in all the Land to his vse which ground did lye beyonde the Limittes discouered by the Marques the which according to a prouision receiued from the Emperour did contayne from the Equinoctiall Lyne forward 250 Leagues directly North and South This Letter the Gouernour kept in secreat and would make none of his fréendes priuye therunto but yet hee beléeued and it was true that Don Diego de Almagro had taken shippinge accordinge to the tenour
called Pole Antartike and hath also not farre from him the crosse starres with other three more that followeth him in their order and moouinge so that there are seuen starres y t attendeth on that North star which differ not much from ours which the sayd Astronomers call Triton sauing that the fourth which are toward the South standeth crosse wise and are ioyned nearer togeather than ours our North star also is cleane out of sight within 200. leagues of Panama comming directly vnder y e Equinoctiall Line where at one instant is easely seen both those Tritons or north starres Artike Antartike although a great space from the Pole Antartike séemeth most playne the foure crosse starres by the moouinge wherof the Sea faringe men do kéepe their reckoninge whan they come to 30. degrees then all the other three starres serue for their purpose In this countrey of Chili the daye differeth from the night and the night from the day according to the course of the yeare as it doth in Spayne although not by the same times In the Lande of Peru and in the Prouince of Tierra firme and also in al other places there adioyninge to the Equinoctiall the day and night is equall throughout all the yeare and if at any time in the cittie of the Kinges the daye or night increase or diminishe it is so small a thing that it can not easely be decerned The Indians of Chili goe apparelled like vnto the Indians of Peru both men and wemen are of a good iesture and féede ordinarily of such meates as those of Peru. Beyond Chili 38. degrées from the Line are two greate men of power which maintaine alwayes war the one against the other and eche of them is of power to bringe into the Féelde 200000 men of war the one was named Leuchengorma which is Lord of an Iland which standeth two leagues from the firme land dedicated to his Idols in which Iland standeth a great Temple wherunto appertained 2000 Preestes The Indians of this Leuchengorma informed the Spanyardes that 50. leagues beyond that place between two Riuers was a great Prouince all inhabited with wemen which consente not to haue any sorte of men among them except a certaine time conuenient for generacion and then if any happen to bee with a childe and bring forth men children they are after certaine yeares sent to their fathers and the daughters which they likewise beare remaineth with them these wemen also are in subiection to Leuchengorma The Quéene of these wemen is called Guayboymilla which in their language is as much to say as Heauen of Golde because the reporte was that great quantitie of gold groweth there therof they make exceeding ritch cloth of all their coÌ„modities they paye tribute to Leuchengorma And although oftentimes y e Spanyards hath had notice of this countrey yet they neuer tooke y e discouery in hande because Don Diego would not abide to inhabit in y e coast also sithence that time Pedro de Valdiuia was sent to inhabit y e couÌ„trey who could not bring his desire of furniture to passe coÌ„uenient for y e voiage although he hath inhabited 33. degrées beyoÌ„d the Equinoctial Southward also perfect knowledge of habitacion was knowen to bee vnto 40. degrées alonge that coast especiallye one shippe which Don Gabriell de Carauajall Bishop of Plazensia sent in discouery which had passed through the Strayght of Magalanes who from the said straite came sayling along that coast Norward vntil he arriued at the port of the city of y e kings and before the coÌ„minge of this ship there was no memory of Rats found in all Peru so that it seemeth that y e first broode of Rats came out of that ship sithens that time al the citties in Peru are replenished with aboundance it is thought that among chests and fardels of marchandize they were carried from place to place wherupon the Indians do name them Ococha which is to say a verminâ— comen out of the sea Of the returne of Hernando Pisarro into Peru and of the dispatch which he brought with him and of the rebellion of the Indians Cap. 3. AFter that Don Diego de Almagro was departed from Cusco Hernando Pisarro came froÌ„ Spayne hauing receiued at y e Emperors hand greate fauoure who also made him knight of the order of S. Iames He also brought for his brother Don Francisco prorogation for certain leagues of ground in his gouernment And also the prouisioÌ„ which hath béene spoken of for the gouermeÌ„t of Don Diego de Almagro At this instant Mango Inga Lord of Peru was prisoner in Cusco for the conspiracie which he had wrought against the Christians with his brother Paulo Inga and Villaoma Almagro wrote vnto Iohn Pisarro requesâ—ing him to set theÌ„ at libertie because he was loth that Hernando Pisarro should finde them prisoners at his comming to Cusco at which time Iohn Pisarro was in the conquest of Collao and at the sight of his letter they were discharged out of pryson When Hernando Pisarro was come to Cusco he became a singular good freend to Inga and vsed hym verie curteously notwithstandyng he had alwaies regarde to attende vnto hym It was thought that this freendship was to the intent to craue some golde of hym for his Maiestie or els for hym self So that after twoo monethes that he was come to Cusco Inga besought hym to graunt vnto hym leaue to goe vnto Yncaya to celebrate a certaine feast and in consideration of his courtesie he promised to bryng vnto hym an Image of golde whiche was made in remembraunce of his Father Guaynacaua bothe in proportion and likenesse the coueteous desire of gold caused Hernando Pisarro to grauÌ„t his request And when he was comen to Yncaya he put in vre the conspiracie whiche he had pretended since the tyme that D. Diego de Almagro departed from Chili so findyng hym self at the place where he required to bee He began to murder certaine Miners that wrought in the gold Mines and other housdand men whiche were in the fieldes he also sent one of his Captaines with a greate nomber of his people to take the Fortresse of Cusco the whiche his commaundement was doen accordyngly so that in sixe daies the Spanyards could scarcely winne the Fortresse againe and at the winnyng thereof Ihon Pisarro was slaine in the night season with a stone whiche strake hym on the heade so that by the meane of an other wound whiche he had on his head he could not suffer his head peece his death was bewailed throughout the lande And certainly the losse of his persone was greate because he was a valliant manne and well experimented in the warres of that countrey and singularly beloued of all men When Inga had intelligence of the death of Ihon Pisarro he came with all his power vpon the citie besieged it for the space of eight Monethes and more and at euery full Moone he assaulted the Citie
would so haue fallen out if it had bin accepted for truthe it was that the Marques company were those first daies like men that were so siâ—ke and farre out of order with wearinesse of the passage through the snoe in the Mountaines in consideration whereof the Marques descended doune into the plaines Don Diego passed to Cusco alwaies breakyng doune the bridges and spoylyng the high waies as he went thinkyng that the Marques had followed hym and wheÌ„ he was entred the Citie of Cusco he abode there two monethes ioynyng al his whole power and force of men together trimmyng and settyng in good order his armor municion and all his furniture necessarie for the warres he wrought weapoÌ„s of siluer and copper and of the same mettall he cast Ordenance and sortes of Artillerie ¶ How Hernando Pisarro came to Cusco with his armie and fought the battaile at Salinas and tooke Don Diego de Almagro Prisoner Chap. 11. THE Marques with all his armie beeyng in the plaines hauing descended from the MouÌ„taines he found among his Captaines sundrie opinions concerning their procedinges But in fine it was concluded that Hernando Pisarro should goe with the Hoste which was there in readinesse for the Marques Lieutenant vnto the Citie of Cusco and his brother Gonsalo Pisarro to bee his Captaine generall with title and voyce to execute iustice to certaine Citizens of Cusco which were in his companie who had made complaint of wrong that had bin doen vnto them by Don Diego de Almagro who had takeÌ„ their houses landes and Indian slaues from them against equitie and right In this sorte the armie marched on and the Marques returned to the Citie of the Kinges his brother Hernando Pisarro by ordenarie iourneyes came to the citie on an euenyng all his Captaines desired that thei might rest that night belowe in the plaines But Hernando Pisarro would not graunt their request rather he commaunded to pitche his Campe in the Mountaine The next mornyng followyng Rodrigo Orgonios was attendyng his commyng with all his power in battaill araie hauing for Captaines of his horsemen Francisco de Chaues Iuan Tellio and Vincent de Gueuara and on the Mountaine side he had certaine Spaniardes with a greate nomber of Indians to aide them and al the frendes seruitors of the Marques which were in the Citie were apprehended and kept prisoners in two seuerall partes of the Citie who were so many and imprisoned in so narrow a roome that many of them were stifled The next daie following Gonsalo Pisarro and his men hauing made their praiers vnto God descendyng from the Mountaine doune into the plaines where he ordained his Quadrons and marched towarde the Citie with intention to plante hym self vpon a high plot of grounde that standeth nere to the forte of the Citie thinkyng that Don Diego should discrie his mightie power that he would refuse the battaile the whiche was desired for many considerations and specially the greate bloodshed that was like to followe When Gonsalo Pisarro and Alonso de Aluarado sawe the traues that Orgonios set forthe thei brake in vpon the enemies and at the first encounter threwe to the ground aboue fiftie meÌ„ and when Rodrigo Orgonios came to the rescue he was wouÌ„ded with the bullet of a Hargabuze in his forehed which bullet passed through his hedpeece And after that he was wouÌ„ded he slue twoo men and thrust with his lance a seruant of Hernando Pisarro in at his mouthe thinkyng that it had been Pisarro hym self because he was well armed and gallantly attired And wheÌ„ bothe the armies were ioyned the battaile was on bothe sides valliantly fought vntill at length the Marques his side had the better hand and Don Diego his men began to turne their backes and flie in whiche flight a nomber were slaine But when Don Diego who stood on a high place to se the battaile because he was somewhat euill at ease sawe his men flie he saied By our lorde God I had thought that we had come hither to fight Then happened twoo horsmen to haue taken prisoner Rodrigo Orgonios vnto whom came another who had in tyme paste receiued a certaine iniurie at his handeâ— and in reuenge of the same strake of his hedde and in suche sort were vsed other some that had yelded them selues yet Hernando Pisarro could not defende theÌ„ although bothe he and his captaines did what thei might and the cause was that where the souldiars of Alonso de Aluarado had receiued by them the afrent at the bridge of AuaÌ„cay thei now procured to reuenge by al the meanes that might be deuised Yet the reuenge was suche that where captain Ruidiaz caried one behinde hym who had yeelded hym self there came another and slue hym with a Lance. WheÌ„ DoÌ„ Diego saw his armie ouerthrowen he went and lodged himself in the fortres of the Citie where GoÌ„salo Pisarro and Allonso de Aluarado tooke him prisoner The Indians seyng the battaill ended thei left fighting also so that the one and the other of theÌ„ went to strip the ded hodies of the Spaniardes Yea some of them were not fully ded but yet were also stripped naked for by reason of their woundes thei could not defend them selues from those that stripped them naked and there was none to disturbe them for the victors minded no other thing but to follow the victorie Yet bothe conquerers and conquered es +caped suche encounters that it had been a very easie thyng for the Indians to haue consumed them all if thei had been of courage seing the weakenesse that thei were in This battaill was fought the 26. daie of Aprill 1538. What passed after the battaill of Salinas otherwise called Salt pit and how Harnando Pisarro came to Spain Chapt. 12. WHen the battaill was finished Hernando Pisarro tooke greate paines to obtaine the loue and good will of the Capitaines whiche had serued Don Diego and remained aliue And when he sawe that he could not bryng his desire to passe he banished many out of the Citie and seeyng that he had not possibilite to gratifie those that had serued hym For eche of theim did thynke that if all the gouernement had been giuen hym yet the paiment was not sufficient wherevppon he determined to deuide his hoste and to sende his warriers to discouer the Lande whiche he had knowledge of wherein he brought to passe twoo thynges The one to remunerate his freendes and the other to banishe his enemies So that he sent Captaine Pedro de Candia with three hundred of his owne menne whereof parte were of those of Don Diego to take in hande a certaine conquest whiche had fame of greate riches And whereas Pedro de Candia hauyng taken the iourney could not bryng his desire to passe by meane that the waie was so asperous and troâ—blesome he retourned againe toward Collao with a Mutinie kindled emong his menne because one whose name was Mesa who had been Capitaine of the Artâ—llerie of tâ—e Marques had
Iorney Whilest he was executing of Iustice in the Féeld there came aboue 7000. Indians vpon the cittie who put the few Spanyards which had the gard of the cittie in great extremitie amonge whom were Captaines Francisco de Villagran â— and Alonso de Monroy with onely thirtie horsemen who came out of the Cittie into the Féelde where they fought like valyaunt men of War with the Indian Archers from the morninge till the night compelled them to rest of which skirmish they were al both wounded and wearied The Indians also were as glad of the retire through the slaughter and damage which that day they had receaued So that from that day forwarde all the countrey was on an vproare and prepared for the Warres and so continued for the space of eyght yeares all the which time Valdiuia and his men resisted their fury and neuer left the countrey but rather caused his souldiers to plough and sowe the ground and gather the corne to maintayne them without any ayde of the Indian helpe and so continued vntill hee returned to Peru which was at y e time when the lycenciat De la Gasca was preparinge an Armye against Gonsalo Pisarro in all the which warres hee serued as hereafter shalbe declared THE FOVRTH BOOKE treateth of the voyage and discouerye made by Gonsalo Pisarro of the Prouince of Zinamon and of the death of the Lord Marques Pisarro How Gonsalo Pisarro prepared him selfe for the Iorney of Zinamon Chap. 1. AFter that knowledge was had in Peru how within the precincte of the dominion of Quito Eastward was discouered a ritch countrey where abouÌ„dance of Zinamon did grow By reason wherof vulgarly that Countrey or Prouince was called the land of Zinamon Whereupon the Marques determined and also tooke in hand to conquere and inhabite that Countrey so that for the same purpose he chose his brother Gonsalo Pisarro with intent that alwayes from Quito that vyage should be furnished with all necessaries And in accomplishment of his pretended purpose he made assignation of the gouernment of Quito to his sayd brother Gonsalo in hope that the Emperour his Maiestie would confirme the same This don Gonsalo Pisarro tooke his way toward this discouery with a reasonable number of men In the way as he went he was forced often times to fight with the Indians of the Prouince of Guanuco whâ— draue him to such extremitie that he was compelled to write to the Marques for succoure who sent vnto him Francisco de Chaues and after al those broyles were past he came to Quito In this meane while the Marques sente Gomes de Aluarado to conquere and inhabite the Prouince of Guanuco because he was informed how certaine Cascikes had conspired and with a great number of Indians were gone to the siege of the citie of Trugillio who also slew as many Spanyards as they met withall Robbing spoyling likewise the peâ—re Indians which were ComareaÌ„s to the citie and all the spoyle carkases of the dead they offered to an idole which they carryed with them called Caraquilla And in this order proceeded on their iorney vntil Mighel de Lacerna issued out of the Citie with as many Citizens as he could gather together Who ioyning with Francisco de Caues fought with the enemie and obtayned victorie How Gonsalo Pisarro departed from Quito and came to the Countrey of Zinamon what hapned to him on his way Chap. 2. GOnsalo Pisarro hauing prepared all necessaries for his determined vyage hee departed from Quito hauing in his company 200. Spaniards wel trimmed in all poynts of the which number was one hundred horsemen and aboue 4000. Indian frends with 3000. sheepe and hogs After he was passed a towne called Inga he came into the countrey of the people called Quixos which is the farthest Countrey that Inga Guaynacaua conquered toward the North where as those Indians made a countenance of warre But in one night they vanished all away so that one of them coulde not be taken After a while that hee had abode with his Armie in the townes and dwellinges of those Indians refreshing theÌ„ selues there happened a maruailous great Earthquake with rayne and tempest of Lightning and Thunder and the ground oppened in many places and swallowed vp more then 500. houses yea a riuer which was not farre from them did so much increase that it was not possible for them to passe ouer to seeke victuals by mean wherof they were driuen to great penury and hunger After he departed from these Indian dwellings they came to a row of high hilles which of force they should passe The extreme colde on the top of those hilles was exceeding great in such sort that many of their Indian frendes were there frozen to death and because that wil dernesse of mountaines was without any succour of victuals they were compelled to proceede forward till they came to a Prouince called Sumaco which standeth at the foote of a high Volcan and finding there sufficient prouision of victuals the army abode there whilest Gonsalo Pisarro with some of those countreymen entred againe into the mountaines to séeke a conuenyent way for his army to passe and finding none he came to a towne called Coca and from thence he sent for his company which abode at Sumaco and for the space of two moneths that he abode there it neuer ceased rayning neither day nor night yea in all that space there was not so much drye wether that they might drie the wet clothes which they ware on their backes So that in this Prouince of Sumaco and 50. leagues in circuite groweth the Zinamon wherof they had notice which are great trees with leues like vnto Bay trées and the fruite of these trées is like vnto clusters of small fruite which groweth round like an egge and although the fruit leues barke and rootes of those trées haue the sauour odor and substance of Zinamon yet the most profite is where the fruit groweth like vnto a great acorne and although in all this countrey are many of these wilde trées which fructifie and growe without any labor of mans hand The Indians haue of the same kinde many trées in their tillage ground which they trimme and keepe with labor and payne and those trees produce finer Zinamon a great deale which they estéeme in much because they batter with it in other Cornarcan Prouinces for victualles cloth and all other necessaries which are néedefull for their sustenance Of the Countrey and Townes that Gonsalo Pisarro passed vntil hee came to a Land where hee built a Vergantine Chap. 3. WHilest Gonsalo Pisarro abode in Sumaco the greatest number of his men y t were whole and sound of body wente before to discouer the way according as the Indians gaue theÌ„ instructions yea and oftentimes they ledde them out of the way euen as the inhabitants of Sumaco had doone onely for to expell them out of their countrey and their deceite was they taught them a way sayinge
THE DISCOVERIE AND CONQVEST of the Prouinces of PERV and the Nauigation in the South Sea along that Coast. And also of the ritche Mines of POTOSI THE RICHE MINES OF POTOSI ¶ Imprinted at London by Richard Ihones Febru 6. 1581. The strange and delectable History of the discouerie and Conquest of the Prouinces of Peru in the South Sea And of the notable things which there are found and also of the bloudie ciuill vvarres vvhich there happened for gouernment Written in foure bookes by Augustine Sarate Auditor for the Emperour his Maiestie in the same prouinces and firme land And also of the ritche Mines of Potosi Translated out of the Spanish tongue by T. Nicholas Imprinted at London by Richard Ihones dwelling ouer against the Fawlcon by Holburne bridge 1581. TO THE RIGHT HOnourable Maister Thomas Wilson Doctor of the Ciuill Lawe and one of the principall Secretaries to the Queenes most excellent Maiestie TVllius and Caius Plinius wrote that neither Posie nor Rethoricke seemed sweete or delectable without the ornament of eloquence Yet an Historie of whatsoeuer sorte it be written dooth please and delight because men may thereby knowe the successe of things happened to the knowledge whereof the nature of man is bent yea the tale of a Plowman is sometime delightfull to the hearer especiallie when any new thing is discouered And where the stile of this historie in our English tongue is not nor at the least I cā not polish as learned mē might require Yet the troth and pith of the matter vttered in plaine sort shall suffice giuing licence as much as in me lieth to whosoeuer that will take the paines to write it ouer againe to beautifie the same as to him or them shall seeme conuenient as often times hath happened among the Greeke and Latine Historiographers and Translators The Author of this woorke right honorable was a Gentleman of woorshipful stocke or linage he was highlie esteemed of the Emperour Charles the fift vnto whose Maiestie he was sometime Secretarie in his roiall counsel of iustice and afterward ordained Auditor of accompts of the reuenues appertaining to his Maiestie in the Prouinces of Peru and firme lande This well minded Gentleman after the writing of this Historie feared the publishing hereof for two principall causes The one least the discendent of such as had committed things not woorthie of praise would conceaue some euill oppinion of him or els the issue of the vertuous and noble sort would iudge the praise and commendations of their progenitors sufficiently set foorth according to their deserts In consideration whereof he called to remembraunce the oppinion of Horatius which was that no Historie should come to light vntill nine yeares were fullie past after the action thereof This oppinion liked him not but rather thought it more cōuenient that Histories◠woorthie of writing should abide in scilēce for the space of lxxxx yeeres thinking that in so manie yeares space the linage and ofspring of the one sort might consume and the race of the noble and vertuous to be contented vvith the commendation of their Auncestors The Kinge of Spaine that now is hauing perused the originall Copie of this Historie requested mine Author to publish the same in Printe and in accomplishment of his Maiesties commaundemēt he hath so doone And the Englishing of foure bookes of his worke I most humbly here present vnto your Honor. I may at this day God be praised boldlie write that where the Spanish and Portingall Naciōs dare glorie of their discoueries Nauigacions with great commendations of their Captaines Colon Vasco dela Gama Magalanez Hernando Cortez Don Francisco Pisarro Don Diego de Almagro Now may our most gracious Queen most iustly cōpare withall the Princes of the world both for discouery nauigacion The Discouery of the Portingall East India was atchiued in 26. moneths the West India in shorter space Magalanez returned not to manifest his dooinges But our valyant and noble minded Captaine Maister Francis Drake in his Nauigation was occupied more or nighe three yeares In which time he sayled and attained to the knowledge of the East and West course which none at any time had euer atchiued His paineful trauaile and maruailous Nauigation was not obtayned with white handes perfumed gloues daintie fare or softe lodging no no Honour is not gotten with pleasures quiet mindes For the sweet Roses groweth among Thornes yet the ignorant will iudge that perpetuall Fame and heauenly Felicitie is a thinge to be gotten with facilitie and ease But if the poore Sayler should sit as Iudge I am sure that hee would say how extreame hunger thyrst hard lodging vpon Hatches foule garmentes blustryng stormes of winde with Hayle Snowe bitter colde Thunder Lightning and continuall perill of life leadeth the hie pathway to the Court of eternall Fame The honour of our good Captayne and company lieth not in my Pen to set out accordingly therfore I remit the same to sutche as hereafter shall iustly sette foorth his paynes and trauell My humble sute is to beseech your Honour to accept this woorke into your patronage and the Almightie graunt your harts desire Your honours at commaundment Thomas Nicholas TO THE READER THe doubt which hath ben held gentle Readers vpon the verefiyng by what way it was possible to passe into the Prouinces of Peru I meane for the people whiche of antiquitie there first inhabited But to satisfie that doubt seemeth sufficient the aucthoritie and opinion of the diuine Plato who in brief maketh rehersal thereof in his booke intituled Thimeum otherwise called the nature thinges and afterwarde in another booke or Dialogue more at large proceeding on forward after his Thimeum called Atlanticum where hee treateth of an Historye which the Egiptians set forth in praise and commendation of the Athenienses saying that in times paste they were of such power that they ouercame and atchiued victory against certayne Kinges and an infinite number of men of warre which came by Sea from a great Iland called Insula Atlantica which had Origen at Hercules Pillers and was accounted greater then al Asia and Africa wherin was contayned tenne Kingdomes the which Neptunus deuided amonge his ten Sonnes but to the eldest called Atlas hee gaue the greatest Kingdome He also writeth of many other memorable thīgs as also of the customes and ritches of this great Iland but especially of a famous temple which was built in the principall Citie the walles and roofes wherof were wainscotted with plate of golde siluer and latton and other many particularities which are longe to rehearce as originally may be seen where they are written at large Many of whiche customes and ceremonies at this day wee haue seen in Peru. From this Iland they sayle to other great Ilands which stand on the farder side therof nere adioynyng to the firm or continent lande beyond the which is the sea called the brode or true Sea The formall words of Plato in the beginninge of Thimeum
obtained of Peru wherupon they agréede to procéed on the discouery of the same and therupon laid all their goods into stocke of company The first and principallest of them was called Don Francisco Pisarro who was borne in a Cittie of Spayne called Trugillio The seconde was named Don Diego de Almagro natural of the Towne of Mallagon whose stocke or lynage could not vnto this day be perfecâ—ly knowen yet some doth holde opinion that hée was found at the Church doore in his swadling clothes after that hee was newly borne The thirde was a Préest called Fernando de Luque And where these thrée were the richest and principallest men in that Countrey they determined to encrease their ritches also to serue herein his Maiesty the Emperour Charles the fifth wherupon they concluded to take in hande to discouer by the South Sea the Easterly coast of the firme Lande towarde those places which afterward were named Peru So that after they had obtained licence of y e Gouernour who at that instant then gouerned for his Maiesty called Pedro Arias de Auila Don Francisco Pisarro arriued and rigged forth a Shippe wherin hee himself tooke shipping as Captaine General with 114. men in his company and so procéeded on the Uoyage and in short space hee discouered a smal and poore Prouince fiftie Leagues distant from the Cittie of Panama the which hee named Peru and afterward called the whole Countrey of the same name which was discouered for the space of 1200. Leagues And procéeding forward hee found another Land which the Spanyards named the burnt Towne where the Indians of that place held them cruell warre and slew many of his men so that he was forced to retire sore wouÌ„ded to the Countrey of Chinchama In this meane season Don Diego de Almagro who aboad at home had prepared another ship and therin tooke shipping with 70. Spanyardes and with them proceeded to seeke Don Francisco Pisarro sayling along the Coast til hée came to the Riuer which hee named the Riuer of S. Ihon which standeth 100. Leagues distant from Panama And findinge him not hee returned to the burnt Towne and there had vnderstanding of his beeing there where hee also came a score but the Indians encouraged with the victory and expulsion of Don Francisco did like wise valyantly resist his entry yea and also put him and his company to the woorse in so much that they entred a Forte where the Spanyards defended them selues through the ouersight of those which had the charge of that part of the Fortresse by meane wherof they put the Spanyardes to flight and also with a stripe put out one of the eyes of Don Diego by reason wherof they were forced to flee and to retire to the Sea side to take Shippinge agayne and from thence sayled along the Coast of firme Land vntill hee arriued at Chinchama where he found Don Francisco wiâ—h whom after long communicacion and refreshing of themselues they gathered togeather about 200. Spâ—nyardes aâ—d so proceeded againe vpon the discouery with two Shippes and 3. Canoas which were small Uessels built like vnto Troughes In which Nauigacion they passed many and great troubles by reason the Coaste is lowe and full of Marrish ground and replenished with great Lizarts which the Indians call Caymanes and are Beastes which breede in the mouthes of those Riuers which are so great that commonly they are of 20. yea 25 foote long Their property is aswel to refresh themselues on the Land as in the Water but if any of them can laye holde vpon Man or Beast in the Water their strength is such that they carry theÌ„ vnder water where as they deuoure and consume them But cheefely they smell a Dogge a farre off and they laye their Egges on the Land a great number togeather where they breede but among the Sandes they are slow of their creepinge after they haue hatched they leade their Younge to the Water in the which their natural properties they may bee compared to the Crocodilles of Nilo they also suffer much honger for their feedinge when they want meate is the fruite of a Trée called Maugle wherof are many in those Riuers which are of harde Timber highe and straight in groweth and grow in salte water which is not onely salte but also bitter But the opinion is that those Beastes vse to eate of that Fruite when other feeding fayleth they eate also Fish In all this Coast the Grayne called Maiz groweth not In this sorte they went rowinge with their Canoas against the currant of the Sea which alwayes runneth Northward and their way was Southward and in this Nauigacion all along the Coaste the Indians assaulted them accordinge to the custome of their Warres thundering out cryes and noyse callinge them banished men with haire on their faces yea such as were bred of y e scuÌ„ of the Sea without any other Origen or Linage because the Sea had brought them thither demaunding also why they wente like Uacabondes wandringe the World it should appeare saide they that you are ydle persons and haue not wherin to imploy your selues because you abide in no place to labour and till the ground And wheras many of their men and Captaines were slaine by thesâ— Indians aswel by hunger as other wise Don Diego determined to returne to Panama for mo men the which his determinacion he performed and had from thence 80 men so that with them and the residew that remained aliue they arriued at the Land called Carame which was without the dominion of the Mauglares and a Countrey aboundant of meate but meanely inhabited The Indians of y e Countrey which were men of War had their Chéekes full of holes wherin were placed Pearles of Golde and findinge this place so fruitfulâ— they abode there vntill Don Diego de Almagro returned agayne to Panama for more men But in this meane while Don Francisco Pisarro returned abiding the coÌ„ming of his companion in a litle Iland which stoode neare vnto the Mayne called Insula de Gallo wheras hée stood in néede of all thinges necessary How Don Francisco Pisarro abode in the Iland of Gorgona and how with the small company of men which hee had remayninge hee sayled till hee passed the Equinoctiall Chap. 2. WHen Don Diego de Almagro returned to Panama for succour he found that his Maiestie had prouided for gouernment of the same Cittie a Gentilman of Cordoua called Pedro de los Rios who staid his procéeding personally because those which remained in the Iland of Gallo had sente secretly to this new Gouernour to intreate that hée should not permit any moe men to dy in that daungerous Iorney without any profit wheras tosore others of their Nacion had ended their dayes and that it might please him to coÌ„maund them also to returne In consideracion wherof Pedro de los Rios sente his Deputie with especiall commaundement that all such as were willing might safely retuâ—ne to Panama without daunger and
of the thing which was ment to be signified so that in euerye Prouince were Offycers who had the charge to keepe the thinges in memorie with those coardes which were called Quippo Camayos so that many publique houses were found full of those coardes and the saide officers could by them easily declare any matter concerning their effecte although it had beene of many yeres paâ—t Of the people and things that are beyonde the Equinoctiall line towarde the Meridian along the sea Coast. Cap. 6. BEyonde the Equinoctiall line towarde the Meridian standeth an Iland 12. leagues distant from the towne of Boio neere adioyâ—ing to the firme land The which Ilande is called Puma and hath in it aboundance of sundrie sortes of beastes and store of deere and much fresh fish in swete waters In time past this Iland was replenished with people and maintained warres with all the townes about their frontiers but principallye they were enemies to the inhabitants of Tumbez which standeth 12. leagues distant from them They were lords of many Raffes for their nauigation these Raffes were made of long light poules bound one vpon another so that alwayes those which were placed vppermost were odde as ordinarily fiue seuen or nine and the middle powle was longer then the rest as a Ruther to guyde the Raffe and thereon sate the rower so that the raffe is made like an open hand euen as one finger is longer then another And on the toppe are plankes layde to kepe soldiers or passengers from wetting There are Raffes that 50. men and 3. horses may wel be carryed on them They vse for them as wel sayles as oares the Indians are very good Marryners for such kinde of vessels although it hath happened that when Spaniards haue sailed on those Raffes the Indians suttlely haue vndone the ropes wherewith the timber was bound together and so ech peece sodenly to separate froÌ„ other By meanes whereof many Christians haue peryshed and the Indians saued them selues vpon the powles withoâ—t any other thing to succour them by reason that they can swim exceeding well Their chiefe weapons for the warres were slinges clubbes and hatchets made of siluer and copper They had many speares or Iauelings with the sharpe poynts of them made of base golde Both the men and women vsed to were many iewels and ringes of golde Their ordinarie vessell was wrought and made of siluer and golde The Lorde of that Ilande was greatly feared among his people hee was also exceeding ielious of his wiues in so much that all those seruitours which attend vppon them had their noses cut of and likewise their genitall members In another litle Iland adioyning to the same they found a house and a gardeine plot or orchard within the same hauing litle trees and plantes therâ—in made of siluer and gold Ouer against this Iland in the firme land were certaine Townes the which by displeasure taken by the Lord of Peru he commaunded that aswell men as wemen should haue all their vpper teeth drawen out of which toothlesse people vntil this day are some liuing Proceeding forward beyond Tumbez toward the Meridian for the space of 500 leagues along the coast and ten leagues into the mayne there neuex rayneth thundreth or falleth any lightning or thunderbolt But passing the sayd ten leagues within the mayne land distant from the sea it both rayneth and thundreth haue both winter and summer in their due seasons in the same maner as is in Spaine But when it is winter in the mountaynes then is it summer on the sea coast and thâ— like contrariwise So that the leâ—gth of that coast which is already discouered of the land of Peru which taketh his beginning and is accompted from the citie of Pasto vnto the Prouince of Chili is one thousand eight hundred leagues as large as the leagues of Castillia and throughout the sayd Countrey lieth a long mountayne or ridge of hilles very troublesome to passe which in some places doth stand distant from the sea 15. yea and 20. leagues and in some places the branches of that mouÌ„taine approacheth nere the sea brim So that all which as yet is discouered of Peru is to be vnderstand by two names that is to say all the ground betweene the mountaines and the sea is called plaines and all the rest is called mountaines The plaines are drie and the most part sands for as before is declared there it neuer rayneth nor yet hath there bene founde any spring or fountaine sauing nere the sea side are 4. or 5. aqueys or cesterns the water wherof is saltish But the people doe prouide themselues of water of the Riuers which descend out of the mountaines The cause of those riuers is the thawing of the snow and rayne which commeth from the sayd hilles where very fewe naturall springes are found These riuers are distant one from another some 10. and some 15. and 20 leagues but the most ordinarie are of seuen and eight leagues so that commonly the trauelers doo appointe their iorneys accordingly to come vnto their fresh water Some of these riuers are a league broade and some lesse according to the disposition of the ground Along those Riuer sides are faire prospectes of trees and fruites ground conuenient for the Indians to sowe their â—orne called Maiz. After the Spaniards began to inhabite this contrey they sowed wheate all the saide plaine grounde they vsed to water with sâ—ewces conueyed out of the Ryuers in which arte they haue great experience and industry the beauty of those Riuers with Trees and fruites aforesaid grow along the said Riuers euen from the Seaâ— vnto the Mountaines those Riuers comming from the â—illes discendinge with such vehemency that the Spanyardes could not passe them on Horsebacke especially the Riuer called Sancta and many others so that those which iorney in those Playnes they keepe all along the Sea coaste but in the Winter season it is daungerous trauailinge that coaste by reason of the excéedinge great currantes of those Riuers that the waye is not vadeable on Horsebacke but only on Raffes or els with a bundell of Gourdes which they vse to binde before their breasts and vnder their armes and an Indian Pilot goeth before swimmyng to leade the way The grounde alonge these Riuers is excéeding fruitefull as wée haue declared where Wheat Maiz groweth in abouÌ„dance without respecting any time of sowing These Indians dwell not in houses but their abidyng is vnder Trées and shadowes made for the purpose Their women were garments made of Cotton woll like vnto gownes which come downe to their féete The men were shirtes downe to the knées and certein Mantels vpon the same although their attire is after one sorte they differ in the attire of their heads accordynge to the vse of euery countrey some vse their haire bounde vp with laces of woll some with one lace and other with many laces of sundry colours so there is
none but hath some deuice in his hed and in euery Prouince of a seuerall kinde All the Indians of the Playnes are deuided into three sortes the one are called Yngas another sorte are called Tallanes the thirde Mochicas in euery Prouince they differ in spéeche notwithstandinge the Noble men called Casâ—ikes besides their natural spéeche doo all generally vnderstande the language of the Cittie of Cusco because the Kinge of Peru called Guaynacaua Father of King Atabaliba thought it a base thinge y t his Subiectes especially noble men should talke with him by interpreters whervpon hee commaunded that all the Cascikes of his Countrey and dominions and their Brethren and kinsemen should sende their Children to serue and attende on the Kinge in his Court vnder the colour to learne the courtly spéeche but cheefely the Kinges intente was to assure his countrey with the principall men of his Kingdome in hauinge their children in pledge But bee it as it will by this meanes it came to passeâ— that all the Nobilitie of his Lande vnderstoode and could speake the language vsed in Court as in Flaunders the Gentilmen others speake the Frenche tongue so that in conclusion any Spanyarde that attained to the Cusco spéech mought wel passe throughout the dominions of Peru aswell in the Playnes as in the Mountaynes to vnderstand and to be vnderstood among the chéefest Of the ordinary Windes which blow in the Plaines and the cause of drynesse Chap. 7. WIth great reason those which reade this History may stande in doubt of the cause why it rayneth not in the Playnes of Peru as before is specified for by euident tokens should bee thought that those thinges could not bee true by reason of the growen Riuers which fal into the Sea and commonly engender moysture vapors comming out of the Mountaynes hauing their beginning of the continuall Snow which there abideth wherof relation is made before yea and the sayd Hilles neuer want clowdy weather intermixed with rayne The natural reasoÌ„ therof found out by such as diligently haue sought the secret therof which is that in all those Playnes and Sea coast all the whole yeare bloweth one only Winde which the Mariners call Siluestre which runneth alonge that coast with such force that the Cloudes and Uapors haue no rest in those playnes nor Sea coast to come vnto the region of the ayer and from the high Mountaines The cloudes and vapors do shew like another Heauenâ— so those which are beneathe in the Playnes and abouâ— them agayne it is as cleare as Christall and this onely winde also causeth the Seagate or Currant to runne alwaies Northward although some men are of another opinion which is that where the South sea commeth to fall into the mouth of the straight of Magalanus beeinge there so narrowe and excéedeth not the bredth of two Leagues so that the greate power of the water can not there haue yssue and also their encounteringe with the Northen Sea which likewise disturbeth his passage so that of force it maketh reflection and recoyle backeward and so forceth the Currant toward the North. And here riseth another inconuenience which is y t the NauigatioÌ„ from Panama to Peru is with such difficultie because the winde is alwayes contrary and also the most part of the yeare y e Currant likewise so that y e Saylers do sayle continually by the bowlinge against the fury of y e winde or else it were not possible to sayle that Coast. All along the coast of Peru are great number of fishe and many Zeale fishes From the Riuer of Tumbez forward are found none of those great Lizartes of which we haue spoken But some holde opinion the cause is that the countrey forward is more temperate and those beastes are louers of heate but the most certaine reason is because the Riuers thereabout are of a more swifter currant and suffereth them not to bréede for their ordinarie breeding is in the calme places of Riuers Now at this day in all the length of the playnes are Uillages and Townes of Christians and fiue Cities the first is called Puerto Viejo which staÌ„deth very nere vnto the Equinoctiall This Citie hath but fewe inhabitants because the countrey is poore and apt for diseases yet there are some mines of Emraldes as is before declared Fifteene leagues with in the mayne is another citie called saint Mighel which in the Indian spech they call Pura This is a pleasant soyle and fruitefull but no mines of golde nor plate This place is apte for sore eyes and few or none that passeth that way escapeth that disease Threescore leagues forward along the coast standeth another citie in a valley called Trugillio and is distant from the sea two leagues The porte or harbor belonging to this citie is perillous This citie is placed in a plaine plot nere vnto a Riuer side and is aboundantly prouided of wheate Maiz and cattell It is also exceeding wel built there are in this citie aboue thrée hundred housholds of Spaniards Foure score Leagues forward standeth another Cittie two Leagues distant from a Porte of the Sea which is an excellent good Roade for Shippes it is scituated in a Ualley called Lyma and named the Cittie of the Kings because the day of Epiphany it was begun to inhabite it is placed in a plaine ground neare vnto a mighty Riuer The Countrey there about is plentifull of Corne many sortes of fruites and cattell the building of this Cittie is such that all the streates doo méete in a faire large place from the which a man may see through euery streat into the Féeldes the dwelling is maruailous healthfull because it standeth in a temperate Climat and not vexed throughout the yeare with neither heate nor colde extreamely The hoatest season of the yeare is more temperate then in Spayne for in the time of their heate in Lyma which is in SoÌ„mer there falleth euery morninge a swéete Dew which is nothing hurtful to mans health but rather profitable for such as haue the head ache vse to wash their heads with the Dewe water and therwith finde great ease All Spanish fruit groweth and prospereth wel in this Soyle especially Orenges Sidrons Lemons Figges Powngarnardes and Uines wherof had béene there aboundance if the alteracions in the Land had not disturbed their plantinge for experience hath shewed that the very Kernell of the Grape hath perduced faire Uynes There groweth also greate store of Pot earbes such as ordinarily grow in Spayne euery house hath belonging vnto it a litle runninge water or Brooke brought in by conueyance of slewce which water is sufficient to driue a mill although along the Riuer side they haue their common milles where the Spaniards grinde their corne This citie is iudged the most pleasant dwelling in all the land because the porte and roade for shippes maketh the Citie to be of great contractation for MarchaÌ„ts So that the people of all Cities Townes and
Mines It is wel fortified by reason that it standeth high and is compassed with a marueylous deepe valley wherein is a Riuer that runneth almost in circuite of the hill where the Towne standeth The Marshall Alonso de Aluarado was the first that did inhahite this Prouince vnto whom it was commended Beyond this prouince about 60. leagues standeth another Towne of Christians called Guanuco which was buylt by the commaundement of the Licensiat Vaca de Castro who named it Leon because hee him selfe was borne in the citie of Leon in Spayne This towne is well prouided of victuals and is thought to be aboundaÌ„t of Mines especially towarde that parte which Prince Inga holdeth y e people wherof were occupied in warres in the Prouince called Andes as hereafter shal be declared So that beyond this place there is not in the Mountaine any village of Christians vntil you come to Guamâ—nga which was named Saint Ihon de Victoria standeth distant from Guanuco sixtie leagues This village is but meanly inhabited of ChristiaÌ„s but it is thought that it wil be better if the Prince Inga cease from his warres who hath vsurped a great part of the best ground thereunto belonging and specially where the best Mines are and greatest quantitie of the rich herbe called Coca From this Towne of Guamanga vnto the citie of Cusco is distance 80. leagues In the which are many plots of Rocky and troublesome way to passe which causeth great perill vnto y e wayfaring men The citie of Cusco before the Christians comming thyther was the chiefest seat court of the Indian kings of all the whole Prouince so that from that princely citie was gouerned and ruled all those countreis and Prouinces here before declared and hereafter shalbe declared To this citie al the Cascikes or noble men resorted from all places of the Empire to bring their tributes appertaining to the Prince as also to deale about particular affayres and to demaund iustice in their suites one with another In all the whole dominions of that countrey there was not any place of habitacion that had the Maiestie or manner of a cittie but onely Cusco where was a fayre Fortresse wrought of square stones which were so huge and great that it was a wonder how they were brought thither by Indian strength of men without helpe of Oxen Muyles or other Beastes and yet there are some one stone that tenne yoake of Oxen could not with their strength mooue them from the place from whence they were brought and the houses wherin the christians dwell in at this day are the very same that the Indians made for their owne dwellinge so that some of those houses are repaired and other increased of the same fashion The cittie was deuided into foure partes in such order that all such as came thither to dwel or to lodge in Kinge Inga commaunded that they should lodge or inhabite in the streat which lay toward the place froÌ„ whence they came Those which came from the South parte were called collasmo by the name of a Towne called collao and hee which came from the North was called chinchasuyo by reason of a Prouince which lay that way called Chincha which is now appertaininge to the Emperour and is vnhabited and nothing worth and in this manner they name accordingly the other two partes which lyeth East and West Andesuyo and Condesuyo â— so y t no Indian might dwell or lodge in any other streat but only in that streat which lay towarde the place from whence hee came vpon a great penalty All the countrey neare adioyning to the cittie is excéeding plentifull of all kinde of victuals and exceedinge healthfull for it is approued that any sound man of body that commeth into this countrey doth long continue in health It is inuironed with many ritch Mines of golde out of the which hath bene gathered the infinite summe which vntill this day hath beene brought into Spayne although now since the discouery of the Mines of Potosi they leaue the gold mines and worke in those siluer Mines because therein they finde a greater gaine then in the golde workes and also is gotten with lesse danger both of Indians and christians which deale in those affaires From the citie of cusco to the Towne called Villa de Plata which staÌ„deth in the Prouince of charcas are 150. leagues and more and in the midway standeth a great prouince in the plaine called collao which is about fiftie leagues long The principalsâ— part thereof is called Chiquito which now appertaineth to his Maiestie And being so great a peece of ground vnhabited of christians the Licensiat Dela Gasca in Anno .45 commaunded to buylt a village in the prouince of Collao This town called Villa de Plata is a place of extreme colde none like vnto it in al the mountaines by meane of which colde there are few dwellers but those which abide there are marueilous ritch and those few inhabitants of this towne abide the most parte of the yere in the mines which are in the circuite of Porco and Potosi as hereafter shalbe declared From Villa de Plata entringe inwarde to the maine on the left hand Eastward was discouered by commaundement of the Licensiat Vaca de Castro who sent for that purpose captaine Diâ—go de Roâ—as and Philip Gutierez to the Prouince which now is called by the name of Diego de Rojas and is reported to be a good and holesome countrey aboundant of al necessary victuall howbeit the tresure of Mines expected was not there found for which consideration captaine Domingo de Italia and his companions came into Peru in anno 49. so that in conclusion they trauailed all the Lande that is between the South Sea and the Northe Sea at the time when they wente vp the Ryuer of Plate in discouery of the Northen coast This is the scituation of all the Lande discouered inhabited throughout the Prouince of Peru toward the South Sea presupposing the Discouery along y e South coast without entry into the Mayne because in the discouery of the Mayne the certaintie is not yet knowen by reason of the troublesome and perrilous wayes that leadeth y e course both with colde double cragged Hilles destitute of victuals and al comfort for man yet neuerthelesse the Spanyardes would not haue feared these great perrils if they had not doubted the gayne of treasure which they thought was not to bee had in that proceedinge Of the opinion which the Indians had concerning their creation and other thinges Chap. 10. WHere as the Indians had no kinde of writing as before is declared they knew not the Origen of their creation nor yet the ende which the Worlde had at the time of Noes Fludde But accordinge to the iudgemente and heresay of their Auncestors from time to time These people helde opinion that out of the partes of Sepâ—enâ—â—ion came a man that had neither bone nor ioynt and when hee went any whither
contrariwise if any chaunced to be with child theÌ„ she was put to her purgation by oth if she sware that she was gotten with child by the Sun then was she pardoned of death At the time of haruest when the Indians gathered in their corne called Maiz they vsed yerely to make a solemne feast and in y t fairest place of the towne they pitch into the ground two masts like soÌ„merpoles vpon the top of each they placed y e image of a man and the middle of the poales are trimmed with flowers Then come they in foure seueral companies w t their drummes and by the sound of their drummes they come also making a great noyse ech company throwing their wands at the images and after they haue so done then coÌ„meth the priest bringing an idol which they place at the foote of the poales before whoÌ„ they sacrifice either a man or a sheepe and with the bloud of either of them they annoynt the Idole This done they take the hart lights to search for their accustomed signes tokens And then they signifie therby vnto the people what shal happen vpon which newes the feaste is either pleasant or sad and all that day they spend in daunsing and drinking and in other pastimes which they vse with instruments of musick according to their maner w t their weapons in their hands which are hatchets clubs and such like The opinion which these Indians holde concerninge the resurrection Chap. 12. THe Cascikes of Peru al the principall persons in the Land they do vse to bury in vaultes sitting in chaires and haue vpon them and about them all their ritch clothing they were wont to burie also with them one or two of their wiues which were best beloued It hath happened about this poinct sometime the wiues to go to law to approoue which was best beloued and to auoide that discord the husband doth leaue determined before his death who was his best beloued they also buried aliue with him two or thrée boyes or Pages of seruice they layd also into the graue al his vessell of Golde and Siluer The effecte and meaninge hereof was that they beleeued to rise againe in another worlds and therfore they would not then be to séeke for such furniture or seruice So than when the Spanyards came to breake vp those Sepulchres for the gold plate that was in them the Indians besought them that they would not scatter y e bones because said they their bones béeinge togeather they shall more easely and with lessâ— paine rise againe The obsequies which their kinsfolke make for them is in this sort from the top of the Graue there goeth a pipe made of Cane that reacheth down into the mouth of the dead wherunto the kinsefolke do ofteÌ„ put into the drinke or beuaredge called Chicha they also make vpon their Graues the Image of the ded made of wood and other coÌ„mon folke hath the signe of their occupacion made vpoÌ„ their graues but the Souldier or man of War hath a remeÌ„brance according to his valiantnes Of the Origen of the Kings of Peru called Ingas Chap. 13. IN all the Prouinces of Peru were principall persons called in the Indian tongue Curacas which is as much to saye as Cascikes in the Iland spéeche because the Spanyardes which came to conquer in Peru had learned these names in the Iland of Santo Domingo Cuba Sainct Ihon and in Tierrafirme where they had dwelt so that at their first coÌ„ming thyther they vnderstood not the proper names of things in the Peru speach by meane wherof the Indians themselues at this day vse to name those things according to the Spanyards termes of speech and therfore they leaue from callinge their noble men Curaca and call them Cascikes and the corne or graine which they were wont to call Sara they called Maiz and the drinke which they called Asua they now call Cieha These noble men did maintaine their vassals in peace and quietnes in time of war they were their captains In this sorte they liued without any generall Prince throughout the land vntil such time as from the partes of Collao came from the great lake called Tiâ—icaca which is in circuite nere 80. Leagues certaine warlike persoÌ„s which were called Ingas they vsed to haue the here of their heads rounded heales in their eares wherat did hang round peeces of gold The eare in their language was called Ringrym The chéefest of this newcome people was called Sapalla Inga which is as much to saye as onely Lorde although some saye hee was called Inga Vira Cocha which is to saye the scumme or fatnes of the Sea for because they knew not the Origine from whence they came They beléeued that they were bred of the sayde great lake out of the which runneth a Riuer toward the East which in some places is halfe a league broad and this Riuer falleth into another litle lake 40. leagues distant froÌ„ the great lake and there consumeth without any other vent with great admiration of such as would consider how so great a Riuer should consume in so small a lake But the said lake is of such depth that they can finde no bottome Wherefore it is thought that by the inwarde bowels of the earth the water entreth into the Sea as â—oth the Riuer Alpheo in Greece This Ingas begaÌ„ first to inhabit the citty of Cusco from thence they conquâ—red brought into subiectioÌ„ al y e land their children successiuely inherited the Empire that is to say not the eldest son but rather the second brother is alwaies successiuely heire to his eldest brother wheÌ„ brethren waÌ„teth to inherit thaÌ„ the eldest son inheriteth The token or Crowne which those Princes vsed was a Tassel made of red wooll which was worne vpon their heds came down to their eies so y t when any gouernor was appointed to rule in any part of the realme thaÌ„ was deliuered vnto him one of the threds of the Kings tassal so y t with one of those simple threds hée was obayed and esteemed euen as though the persoÌ„ royal had bin present the like was neuer séene in any place of the world Nay moreouer I am bold to say y t the obedieÌ„ce of those people vnto their Prince was such that it hath happened one of those gouernors hauing but y e only thred froÌ„ his Prince béeing sent therwith hath slayne both men wemen of a whole Prouince without any greater power writing or coÌ„mission But when those poore subiectes saw y e thred they submitted them selues euen vnto death By succession of those Kinges Ingas the State came vnto one called Guaynacaua which is to say a ritch young man and hée it was that had gotten most couÌ„treyes to the augmenting of the estate hée was also a louer of Iustice and executed the same throughout his land and brought the countrey to pollicy tillage which was thought in those daies a
Mitimaes Out of euery Prouince throughout his whole DominioÌ„ they brought yerely vnto their prince certein tribute of such things as the countrey yealded in so much that in some barrain soiles where no good commoditie grew yet from thence they sent yerely also to the king in token of duetie obedience certain loades called burthens of litle Lizarts as far as 300. leagues from cusco This Prince Guaynacaua did réedifie the Temple of the sun which was of old time fouÌ„ded in the citie of Cusco séeled the Roofes and walles thereof with boordes of siluer and golde And because a certaine noble maÌ„ which â—welled in the playnes had rebelled against him called chimocappa who was a man of great possession and had more then one hundred leagues of ground he went personally against him slew him in the field coÌ„maunded that from thenceforth no IndiaÌ„ of the plaines should at any time were weapon which oâ—der is kept vntill this day yet notwithstanding his successor enioyed through the Princes fauour y e prouince of chimo where at this present standeth the citie of Trugillio Guaynacaua and his father toke an order for the breeding of cattaile by meane whereof the couÌ„trey was wel prouided out of the which they payd tithing which they sacrificed to the sun The chiefe cause of the estimation of gold amoÌ„g the Indians was because the king made al the vessell for the seruice of his court of that mettal and also Iewels for his person offerings for the Temple The king had alwaies a chaire of gold caried with him to sit in of 16. carrets in fines which was estéemed at 25000 dukets this chaire was one of the things y e Don Francisco Pisarro chose for his iewel at the time of y e conquest For according to the articles of agréement betwéene his Maiestie him was agreed that of y e best Iewels which should be found or taken at any victorye hee should haue one out of y e first choise of the whole treasure At y e birth of the first manchild which Guaynacaua had he coÌ„maÌ„ded a cable of gold wier to be made in remeÌ„brance of y e birth of his sonne that was of such greatnes as many IndiaÌ„s do affirme which are as yet liuing that 200. strong men could scarcely lift or beare and also in remembrance of this memorable iewel he named his soÌ„ne Guasca which in y e IndiaÌ„ spéech is called a cable or great rope added therunto for his sirname Inga which is as much to say as Emperour This example I thought good to declare in this place for to conuince an opinion which is held in Spayne among such as know not the fashions of India and was how that people esteemed no golde nor yet knew the valew therof although it is true that they had many straÌ„ge vessels wrought of siluer and golde and also images of men wemen sheepe and many other kinde of beasts and sundry kindes of herbes wrought in the same metall of exceeding cunning workmanship Of the estate of the warres when the Spaniards came into Peru. Chap. 15. ALthough the principal intent of this Historie was to set out the things hapned to the Spaniards which at that time conquered the land and of their discouery since But sithens this could not wel be done without touching somewhat of the estate of the Indians which then ruled And also that it may be vnderstood it was the diuine permission that the Spaniards should come thither at such time as the land was deuided into two parcialities for otherwise it wold haue séemed not only difficult but also almost impossible Therefore I will recite in briefe the estate which the Spaniards found the countrey in at their arriual After that Guaynacaua had brought into subiection to great a number of Prouinces to his Empire for y e space of 500. Leagues accounting from Cusco westward hée then determined to goe in person to conquere the Prouince of Quito in the vttermost part whereof finished his dominion So that he prouided on his iorney thitherward with a great armye and being come thither and hauing finished and quyeted that Prouince he delighted much in that countrey because it was a pleasant Soyle and holesome for his complection whereupon hee abode there a great space leuing in the citie of Cusâ—o certain of his Sonnes and Daughters amonge whom was his eldest sonne called Guascar Inga Mango Inga and Paulo Inga and diuerse others And in Quito hee married another Wife Daughter vnto the Lorde of that Countrey and of her hee begot a Sonne called Atabaliba who hee loued excéedinglye so that now hée determined to returne to Cusco leauinge his Sonne with a Tutor in Quito but in this returne hee found the Calsey in the Mountayne broken and spoyled as herebefore hath béene declared After hee had abode in Cusco certaine yeares hee determined to returne againe to Quito not onely because that Countrey contented him much but also with desire to sée his Wife and young Sonne whom he loued more than any other of his Children and this Iorney hee tooke in hande by the highe waye that was made in the Playnes and from this time forward hee retourned no more to Cusco but abode all his life time in Quito gaue that Land or Prouince which hee had with force conquered to his Sonne Atabaliba because the same had béen of his Grandfathers Whan Guaynacaua died his Sonne Atabaliba tooke pocession of his Armye and of all his Fathers ritches which were in that Prouince although his greatest treasure was lefte in his Treasury in the Cittie of Cusco in the custody of his eldest Sonne vnto whom Atabaliba sente Embassadors giuinge him to vnderstand the decease of his Father and also submittinge himselfe to his obedience beséechinge his Maiesty that hée would ratifie the gift of his Prouince of Quito which the Father of them both had left vnto him considering that that Prouince of Quito was conquered by their Father after the maryage with his Mother and moreouer the Lande came by his Mother and Auncestors and was not pertayning to the Crowne of cusco or his inheritance Guascar made answere that hée should come to Cusco and render vp vnto him the Army and in so dooinge hee would giue vnto such Landes as should maintaine him like a man but the state of Quito hée shoulde not haue because it was the vttermost part of his Kingdome and from thence hée ment to conquer forward and alwaies there to maintayne a Garrison as a Frontier And if vpon this warninge hee refused to come vnto him that then hée would bend his power against him as an open enemy Atabaliba tooke counsell vpon this matter with two of his Fathers Captaynes who were both wise and valyant in the Warres The one was called Quizquiz and the other cilicuchima who counsailed that hee should not abide his Brothers comminge but that it might please him to begin to take that
of the Letter which he had receiued and was on his way toward Peru arriued at Puerto Viejo where in effecte Don Diego after his arriual vnderstood the good successe and proceedings of the Gouernour and how hee had in his power maruailous treasure of Golde and Plate wherof accordinge to the articles of agréement made betweene them at the first beginning of the Discouery the one halfe was and did appertaine vnto him Hée nowe knowinge that the Gouernour had aduise of his comminge and the same to be done by his owne Secretary hée forthwith coÌ„maunded his Secretary to be hanged and with all his power procéeded on his Iorney till hee came where the Gouernour was in Caxamalca where hee found a great part of the raunsome of Atabaliba gathered togeather which was a strange sight both to him his company for they thought that in the whole world was not so much Golde and Siluer And the same day that the Saymaisâ—er had made his ensay of the Gold and Plate which belonged to the company The Golde onely did amount to one Million and eyght hundred thousand Poyzes yet the ensay was made verye slight for the Golde was of greater value the want of strong water was the defect so that the ensay was made two or thrée Carets baser than the finenes wherby the valuacioÌ„ was found 300000 Poyzes to litle And concerning the Plate the quantity was great so that the Emperours fifte parte amounted in fine Siluer 600000 Poyzes and yet in the same plate was Gold of thrée foure Carettes wherof the Emperour his parte was 300000 Poyzes euery Horseman had for his share 12000 Poyzes in fine Golde besides his part in Siluer and euery Footeman haâ— a quarter part lesse then the Horsemen Yet notwithstandinge this great treasure the one fifte parte of Atabalibas raunsome was not deliuered and because that Don Diego brought with him a great company of men there was alleaged y t vnto them did not appertaine any portion of the raunsome of Atabaliba for why they were not at the takinge of him prisoner yet the Gouernour commaunded to giue vnto euery of them a thousand poyzes toward their cost And determined to send his brother Hernando Pisarro to certifie the Emperour of his proceedings and good successe and because the true account was not yet perfectly knowen he sent vnto his maiestie 100000. poyzes in gold 20000. markes of plate contayning sixe ducates to euery marke out of the whole stock Which present was wrought in sundry sort of vessell according to the Indian vse whereof some were great vessels for water or wine called Tinages chafingdishes drummes shéepe figures of men and wemen all wrought in the forsayd mettall With the said portion Hernando Pisarro tooke shipping with great griefe of his departing froÌ„ Atabaliba who loued him excéedingly and also discouered vnto him much of his secretes and sayde vnto him at his leaue takinge O good captaine goe you now away Truely your departure is gréeuous vnto me for when you are gone I shal be slaine by this one eyed man and this he spake by Don Diego de Almagro who had but one eye as before hath beene declared Likewise he liked not the iesture of Alonso Requelme who was Treasorer for his maiestie And truely poore Atabaliba iudged right for as soone as Hernando Pisarro was departed his death was conspired by meane of his Interpreter who was named Philip and was so called because he had beene in Spayne with the Gouernour who most falsely accused his Prince saying y t hee was minded to murther secretly the Spaniards and for that purpose he had appoynted in secrete places a great number of Indians and where the information was made by y e mouth of Philip who interpreted the witnes sayinges according to his owne pleasure But the cause of his wicked dealing was not certainly knowen but it was iudged to â—e one of two causes which were the one was thought that he was in loue w t one of Atabalibas wiues thinkinge by his death to enioy his desire without peril of which his pretence Atabaliba had vnderstanding and therof had made complaint to the gouernor saying y t that shameles ascent greued him more theÌ„ his imprisonment or yet any other mishap y t might come vnto him although it were preseÌ„t death to sée so base a man his subiect enterprise such villany knowing y e great punishmeÌ„t in his couÌ„trey prepared for such an offence which was to burne aliue any that should attempt such things The man being an offender was not alone thus punished but also the woman her father mother brethren and kindred yea euen the cattel of the aduouterer and the town where he or she were borne was destroyed made vnhabitable the ground sowed with salt the trées cut down and the houses beaten flat with the ground other gréeuous punishments were deuised in remembrance of the offence Others held opinion that the chiefe cause of Atabaliba his deathâ— was the excéeding couetuosnes of Don Diego de Almagro and also of his men because it was told theÌ„ that they had no right to haue any share of al y e raunsome of Atabaliba which they thought vnpossible to be perfourmed although all the gold in the world were gathered together Upon which occasions the soldyars of Don Diego desired the death of Atabaliba saying that as long as hee should liue the Gouernors men would say that al y e gold which should come to their hands was his raunsome and they should not be partakers thereof But be it as may be they condeÌ„ned him to death wher at the poore Prince was not a litle amazed saying that he neuer thought nor imagined the things which were layd to his charge and for the verifying of the matter that it might please him to lay more Irons on him with greater garde or to cary him aboord one of their shippes til the trueth were thorowly knowen Hee sayd moreouer to the Gouernour and the chiefest of hys companye I know not for what cause yee doo iudge mee for a man of so small iudgement or to thinke that I would goe about to work treason considering how I am your prisoner and bound in Iron chaines and also if any of my people should but shew them selues for any such purpose yee might then with the least suspition strike my head from my shoulders And if ye thinke that any of my subiectes shoulde come to rescue me against my wil ye are also deceaued and know not what obedience my people beareth vnto me for against my will the fowles of the ayre shall not flee nor the leaues of the trees stirre All these allegations preuayled not nor yet to geue great gages for the life of y e basest Spanyard that should pearish in the land But sith it was thought among the Spaniards that it was not a lawfull cause to condemne him to death vpon suspicion they charged him with the death of his brother Guascar
whereupoÌ„ they gaue iudgement of death and executed the sentence But before his death he stil called for his frend Hernando Pisarro who was gone toward Spayne saying if he had beene here I should not so wrongfully be put to death And at the hower that he should die he was baptized by the Bishop How Ruminagui made insurrection in the Prouince of Quito and how the Gouernour went to Cusco Chap. 8. THe Captaine in whom Atabaliba had put in his life time a great trust as in the former Chapter is declared and how he fled from the battaile in Caxamalca with 5000. Indians He I say being in the Prouince of Quito gathered together al the Indians of Atabaliba and possessed himselfe of the estate of that Countrey compelling them to obay him as their right and only Lord. Atabaliba a litle before his death sent his brother Illescas to Quito to bring vnto him his children which Ruminagui most vnnaturally caused to be slayne When Atabaliba saw that of force hée should die hee earnestly desired certaine of his Captaines to see his body caried to the Prouince of Quito to be buried with his Father Guaynacaua the which requeste they faithfully performed and wheÌ„ the dead body was brought to Quito Ruminagui receiued it with great honour and buried him with his Father with great pompe and solemnitie accordinge to the custome of the Countrey and when the Funerals were ended he caused a great drunken Feast to be made in the which when the Captaines that had brought the dead body were throughly drunke hee commaunded them al to be slaine among whom was Illescas Brother to Atabaliba who had his skinne plucked of beinge aliue and with the same skin hee couered the endes of a Drum and his head hanging at the same Drumme In this meane while the Lord Marques Gouernour deuided all the Golde and Plate in Caxamalca and when he had so done he had aduice how one of Atabalibaes Captaines called Quixquix went vp anâ— downe in the countrey stirring the Indian People to insurrection whervpon he determined no longer to abide nor yet to tarry his coÌ„ming in the Valley of Xauxa hee also sent before him Captaine Sâ—to with certaine of his Horsemen and hee him selfe went in the Reregard In the Prouince of Viecasinga the Indians came sodainly vpon Captaine Soto in such sort that hée stoode in perrill of the ouerthrow foure of his men were slaine but the day beeing spent the night forced them to cease and to retire to the Mountaines The Gouernour hearing of this great daunger of Captaine Soto sent Don Diego de Almagro to suckcour him with certain Horsemen so that the next morning the Indians comming agayne to skirmish the Christians made as though they would fly to allure the enemies downe into the Playne out of the daunger of the high places from whence they did much hurt with their Slinges But the Indians suspectinge the pollicye of the Christians retired backe againe and kept their skirmishing neare the Wooddes not knowing of the succour which was come because of the great myst which did fall that morninge they could not discry their coÌ„ming by meane wherof the ChristiaÌ„s had the victory and slew many of the enemies Then came the Gouernour with the Reregard at whose comming came a brother of Guascar and Atabaliba who was chosen Inga or King of the Land by meane of their deathes hee had receiued the great Tassell which was as much as to saye as the Crowne of the Princely estate and was called Paulo Inga who certified the Gouernour how in the cittie of Cusco attended his coÌ„ming a great number of men of War with this newes hée letted not but procéeded forwarde by his ordinary Iorneyes vntill hee came in sight of the Cittie out of the which he saw assend a maruailous smoake by meane wherof hee iudged the Cittie to be on fier to the intent to preserue the same he sent with all spéede a company of Horsemen but they were no sooner comen neare the cittie when a great number of Indians came out to encounter with theÌ„ with slinges and sundry other sortes of weapons in such sort that the Spanyardes were glad with all haste possible to retire aboue the space of a longe League where they met with the Gouernour who vnderstandinge what had hapned sente from thence his two Bretherne Ihon and Gonsalo Pisarro with the most of the Horsemen who set vpon the enemies on the Mountaine side with such courage that they caused them to retire and in their flight slue many of them vntill the night compelled them to cease The Gouernour séeinge the good successe gathered his army togeather and the next day thinkinge to haue had resistance in his entrye into the Cittie hee found not one man to withstande him so that hee and his companye entered peaceably where hee aboade at pleasure Twentie daies after his abode in Cusco came newes how Quixquix had a great Army wherwith he did great hurt robbing spoyling in the Prouince of Conde suyo wherupon the Gouernour sent Captaine Soto with 50. Horsemen to disturbe his procéedinges whose comming béeing knowen to Quixquix hee durst not abide but with all spéede fledde toward Xauxa thinkinge there to finde some small company of the Christians whom hée might easely subdue who were such as had remained behinde to kéepe the Fardage and the Kings portion of treasure which was at the charge of Alonso Requelme Treasorer But the Spanyards hauing aduise of his pretence although they were but fewe who in effecte attended in Xauxa for the purpose aforesaid did so valyantly defende his enterprise that his desire tooke no place but rather was forced to passe forwarde the highe waye towardes Quito When the Gouernour had intelligence of y e dealings of Quixquix hée sent after him againe Captaine Soto with his company of Horsemen and after him hée sente his Bretherne who generally followed him aboue a hundred Leagues and coulde not ouertake him wherupon they returned agayne to Cusco where they had as great a praye of Golde and Plate as before they had in Caxamalca the which the Gouernour deuided amonge his Souldiers and began to inhabite the Cittie which was the head and Princely seate of all the whole countrey of Peru and so continued a long space among the Christians hée also deuided the Indian People among the new Inhabitantes which there determined to abide for there were many of his men that were not willing to remaine there but rather to returne into Spayne to enioy the Treasure which they had gotten both in Cusco and Caxamalca How Captayne Benalcasar went to the Conquest of Quito Chap. 9. HEre before in this History hath béene declared howe at the time when the Gouernour came into Peru hee inhabited the Cittie of Sainct Mighel in the Prouince of Tangarara neare vnto y e port of Tumbez for the only intent that such as should come froÌ„ Spaine might haue a sure and safe Roade or harbor
for their ships hée now considering that the number of his Horse were but few which hee left there after the taking Prisoner of Atabaliba hee sent for his Deputie from Caxamalca to Sainct Mighell Captaine Benalcasar with ten Horses at which time came many Indian Canares to make their coÌ„plaint against Ruminagui â— and his people saying that daily they were by them molested with cruell War At the same seasoÌ„ were many men comen from Panama Nicaragua so that when Captaine Benalcasar had heard of the iniuries of the Indians of Quito hee chose 200. of those fresh-men whereof was 80. Horsemen with them he toke his Iorney toward Quito aswel to defend the Canares as also for the great same of Golde that was thought to bee in those partes in the Treasury of Atabaliba when Ruminagui had vnderstanding of the comming of Captaine Benalcasar hee came and encountered with him in manye dauÌ„gerous passages with y e number of 12000 Indians also had many priuie snares made to intray y e ChristiaÌ„s in the high wayes which pollicies Benalcasar did preuent with great diligence for in the night season he sent 60. or 70. horsemen to assure his way either aboue or beneath y e accustomed high wayes which was ordinarily done before the morning so y t with this industry y e enemy was forced to retire into the plaines where they durst not abide the battaile for the great spoile which the horsemen made among them â—ut if by hap they staied in any place it was where their vsuall snares were betwéene them and the christians which were great holes made in the grouÌ„d sticked ful of stakes couered ouer with a false couering of grasse straw sand or els with turues which was so wel handled that w t great difficultie those snares could be discouered and might wel be compared to those which Caesar wryteth in his seuenth commentary which the people of Aexia deuysed for the defence of their citie But notwithstanding all their inuentioÌ„s they could not deceiue Benalcasar his chiefe pollicie was that alwayes he would be sure not to giue any onset where the Indians shewed countenance to expecte his comming for there was alwayes the snares ordeyned But rather he would goe and compasse them about 2. or 3. leagues to assaulte them on their backs or sidewise with great aduise not to passe vpon any gréene thing that might séeme counterfaite But now the Indians séeing their practises woulde take no place they deuised another practise which was they hauing vnderstanding or at the least suspecting which way the Christians would passe made certayne heales in the ground of the breatâ—h of a horse foote somwhat déepe not much distant one from another pretending by this pollicie to breake their horse legs But yet their deuises could not preuail to deceue Benalcasar who stil proceeded on conquering as he went euen to the principal cittie of Quito where hee had aduertisement how Ruminagui had sayd vnto his wiues which were many now shall you haue your desire and pleasure for y e Christians whom ye loue are at hand with whom yee may take your repast But those poore weÌ„ches thinking that he had speaken those words in meriment or iest laughed at his sayings which laughter cost them déere for with méere ielicusie incontinent he commaunded their heads to be stricken from their bodies and when he had executed this cruell acte he determined to flee and forthwith â—e set on fyer a warâ—drope which was ful of rich princely ornaments which sometime did belong for the ordinary appartel of Guainacaua When these his venemoâ—s factes were ended he fled and in his flight hee gaue a sodaine assault vpon the Spaniards but no hurt done so that now entred Benalcâ—sar and tooke quyet posseâ—sion of the Citie In this meane season y e Lord Marques Gouernor sent Don Diego de Almagro to the new citie of S. Mighel there to take information of certaine newes which was certified vnto him which was how Don Pedro de Aluarado Gouernour of Guatimalla had taken shipping to come into Peru with a great power both of horsemen and footmen to discouer Peru as more at large shall be declared in the next chapter Don Diego de Almagro came to the citie of S. Mighel â— without hearing any â—urther newes of that matter but he had vnderstanding how Benalcasar was in the siege of Quito and of the resistance of Ruminagui whereupon he determined to goe succour him and accordingly tooke that iorney in hand which was 120. leagues from saint Mighel And when he was come to Quito he tooke all Benalcasars men and ioyned them with his army with whom he conquered certaine townes which vntill his comming would not yeeld but when he saw that y e great treasure of gold which he expected could not be found he returned toward Cusco leauing Captaine Benalcasar for Gouernour of Quito as he was before his comming How Don Pedro de Aluarado came into Peru and what followed Chap 10. AFter that Don Hernando Cortez Lord Marques of the valley of Huaxacac had conquered and pacyfied the new Spayne hee had vnderstanding of a countrey adioyning therunto called Guatimala for the discouery thereof he sent one of hys captaynes called Don Pedro de Aluarado who with y e company which he had with him did conquere and winne the same with great peril and danger And in recompence of his paynes taken the Emperour his maiesty gaue vnto him the gouernment of the same countrey FroÌ„ wheÌ„ce he had intelligence of the Prouince of Peru whereupon he besought his Maiestie to graunt vnto him some parte of that discouery which according to his request was giuen vnto him with the conditions accustomed for discouerers By vertue of which graunt vnder letters patents he sent a Gentleman of the towne of Casarez called Gartia Holguin with two shippes to discouer the coast of Peru at whose returne bringing newes of the greate quantitie of golde which Don Francisco Pisarro had obtayned in his discouery he determined personallye to take that iorney in hand and whilest that Don Francisco was occupyed in his affayres in Caxamalca he imagined that he might easily procéede beyonde his iurisdiction vpon his pretended discouery and take possession of the Cittie of Cusco which in his iudgemente did stand without the limittes of the 250. Leagues of ground discouered and graunted in gouernment to Don Francisco Pisarro and to bring the better his purpose to effect he feared least succour might come from Nicaragua to the Gouernour wherupon on a night he sayled to Nicaragua where hee tooke by force two great shippes which were there rigging to effect that when they were trimmed they should passe a company of men and horses to the gouernour Pisarro in Peru. In which shippes and in his owne which he brought from Guatimalla he embarked 500. horsemen and footmen and with them sayled til he came to y e coast of Puerto Viejo and from thence hee
tooke the way to Quito by land in y t paralell of y e Equinoctiall along some part of the plaines among thickets called Arcabucos in which iorney they passed extreme necessity of victualles as wel of meate as drinke which would haue bene much greater if by good hap they had not met and fallen into a ground of great Canes whose propertie was that cutting any of them at the knot they found the hollow full of sweete water excéeding good holesome Those canes are ordenarily as big as the calfe of a mans leg so that betwéene two knots of ech cane was found a pottle of fresh water They hold opinion the particuler propertie of those canes is to gather water by atraction of y e dewes which dayly fall in the night season by meane whereof although the sayd plaines are drye without any kinde of Springs yet with this succour of water the campe of Don Pedro was wel comforted aswel men as horses yet notwithstanding their hunger was such that they were â—orced to eate many of their horses although eche horse was worth by iust valuation in that countrey 5000. castelins in gold And as they went on their iorney the most part of that low way there rayned hote ashes vpon theÌ„ which afterward was knowen to come out of a Volcan which is not far from Quito out of the which procéedeth such a marueylous fyer that lanched out ashes and imbers aboue 80. leagues compas and sometimes the noyce thundering that came from thence was heard a hundred leagues of In all the townes and villages which Don Pedro passed through vnder the Equinoctial Line he found great plentie of Emraldes and after he had passed so troublesome wayes whereof in many places hee and his men were forced to make way by force of hand he then came vnto a loine of hilles couered w t snow where it snowed continually with an exceeding colde through the which he was driuen to passe where with the extremitie of cold dyed aboue sixtie of his men although as many as were of his coÌ„pany put on their bodies all the apparrel which they had to passe that extremitie of colde yea they made such hast that none of them would tary one for another neither to comfort nor helpe them so that it hapned that a Spanyard who carried his wife two daughters with him and séeing them tired with wearines and that hee could neither succour nor yet carry theÌ„ away with him hée hauinge his harte kindled with paternall loue abode with them where as they al foure were frosen to death and although he mought wel haue escaped yet the loue of his wife and children was so great that he rather desired to die than to depart from them So that to conclude with this great daunger the Captaine with his Armie passed these snowy Mountaines holding them selues for most happy wheÌ„ they saw them selues on the other side and gaue God praise with excéedinge ioyful hartes and although the Prouince of Quito is inuironed with high Mountaines couered with Snow yet notwithstandinge in the middest are temperate valleyes both fresh pleasant where people inhabit and haue plenty of corne At that instant was so great a thaw of the snow of one of those mountaines that the water which proceeded out of that snow came downe with so great a furye that it drowned a towne called Contiega the force of this water was so maruailous that it draue stones bigger than any Milstone downe with the streame with such facilitie as if it had béene of Corke How Don Diego de Almagro met with Don Pedro de Aluarado and what passed betweene them Chap. 11. BEfore hath been declared how Don Diego de Almagro hauing left for Gouernor in Quito Captaine Benalcasar and not hauing perfect newes of the comming of Don Pedro de Aluarado into Peru hee returned vnto Cusco in which iorney he wan certain Fortes fortresses where the Indians had lodged them selues for their safetie in which affaires he was so long time occupied y t Don Pedro had time to aland his men and came into the Prouince of Quito before Don Diego had therof intelligeÌ„ce by mean of the great distance of way which is betweue these places and also where no towne of contractation is neither of christians nor yet of IndiaÌ„s As he went on a day conquering the prouince of Liribamba he passed ouer a mightie riuer with great peril for y â— Indians had brokeÌ„ down the bridges so that he was forced to wade ouer in the shalowest place that he could finde and when he was comen ouer he found ready to receiue him a great nuÌ„ber of Indians men of war against whom the victory hâ—e had obtayned with great difficultie for their wemen did great hurt wâ— slings yet not withstanding the Indians had the ouerthrow their Cascike was taken prisoner who certified Don Diego that DoÌ„ Pedro de Aluarado was 15. leagues from thence besieging a fort wherin was an IndiaÌ„ captaine called Sopasopagui WheÌ„ Don Diego had vnderstanding of these newes forthwith he sent seuen horsemeÌ„ to discry his camp but their fortune was to be taken prisoners by Don Pedro his men notwithstanding hee released them againe came with al his power and pitched his campe within fiue leagues of the Real of Don Diego with determinate intent to breake with him to take froÌ„ him both his men and countrey When Don Diego saw the great aduantage that his enemie had he determined to returne to Cusco with only 25. horsemeÌ„ and to leaue the residue with captaine Benalcasar for to defend y e countrey At this instant the Indian Interpreter called Philip of whom mention hath béene made who was the only cause of Atabalibas death fearing punishmeÌ„t for the same he fled from his master and went vnto Don Pedro he also caryed with him one principal Cascike and priuely conserted with Don Diegos army that when hee sent for them they should pas vnto Don Pedro his side WheÌ„ Philip was come to Don Pedro his presence he offered to put into hys hands al that countrey in quyet possession He aduertised him also that Don Diego was retired vnto Cusco moreouer he said that if it would please him to appreheÌ„d him he might now doe it with great facilitie for quoth he he hath but 250. men of the which are 80. horsemen Don Pedro geuing credit to the false Interpreter furthwith began to direct his way toward Don Diego whoÌ„ he found in Liribamba with determination to die in the defence of the countrey Don Pedro in like maner set his company in good order with spred ensigne was in readines to geue y t onset But Don Diego hauing but few horsemen meant to resist his encounter on foote wereupon he deuided his men into two quadernes w t the one was captaine Benalcasar and he himselfe had the other And in this order being in sight one of the other there
death coÌ„maunded that they should prepare them selues to retire but his men not hauinge furniture of victuals for their returne his Captaines ioyned togeather and toke for their chieftaine Guaypalan who in the name voyce of all the rest saide vnto him that it were much better for theÌ„ to die in fight with christians than to perrish with hunger in the retire into places vnhabited Unto which sute request Quixquix gaue a lowring answere wherupon Guaypalan strake him to y e hart with his Launce incoÌ„tinent came other of his captaynes who with clubs hatchets made him into peeces than the souldiers scattered theÌ„ selues some one way some another eueÌ„ at their own pleasure How the Gouernor paid Don Pedro de Aluarado the 100000 poyzes for the agrement and how Don Diego would haue perforce bin receiued Gouernor in the Cittie of Cusco Chap. 13. WHen Don Diego Don Pedro were come to Pachacama the gouernor who was come thither froÌ„ Xauxa receiued entertained theÌ„ ioyfully also according to agreement paid vnto Don Pedro the 100000 poyzes in ready gold for his Nauy brought from Guatimala although there were many y t perswaded him to stay the payment alleaging that the fleete was not worth so much money no nor yet the one halfe of the said sum that the former bargaine was made by Don Diego with feare coÌ„sidering that Don Pedro had great aduauntage of him and there now he mought do wel to apprehend him and sende him prisoner to the Emperors Maiestie And although the Gouernor might haue taken that councell and also haue brought it to passe accordingly without perrill yet hee chose rather to ratifie performe the worde promise of his freend Don Diego de Almagro notwithstandinge the councel of his captaines he made present paiment of the 100000 poyzes in good gold than permitted him quietly and fréendly to depart to passe vnto his gouernment of Guatimala he himself abode and tooke order for the habitacion citizens of the citie of the Kings brought froÌ„ Xauxa y e dwellers there to inhabit the said citie because it séemed vnto him a singuler place of contractacion and excéeding holsome for mans health From this citie departed Don Diego de Almagro with a great company toward y e citie of Cusco the Gouernor went to reforme the buildings other things in the citie of Trugillio to make reperticion of the ground among the citizens In this meane season came newes how Don Diego de Almagro ment to possesse y e citie of Cusco to his only gouermeÌ„t because he had receiued aduertisemeÌ„t by Hernando Pisarro how y e Emperor had grauÌ„ted vnto him the gouernment of one 100. leagues of grouÌ„d beyond the limits of the gouernmeÌ„t of Don Francisco Pisarro which according to here say did not extend so far as Cusco but against this opinioÌ„ possession both Ihon Pisarro Gonsalo Pisarro the Gouernors bretherne did not only speake against but also resist w t many of their fréends which daily came vnto theÌ„ and also when the matter came in question in the councel house of the Citie among the principallest of the Cittizens the greatest number helde with the Gouernour Pisarro and his Bretherne When the Lord Marques had perfecte relation of the proceeding in Cusco he forthwith toke his iorney thither by post so that with his presence al controuersies were ended pardoned Don Diego of his offence who was not a litle amazed because he had intermedled in so waighty a matter with iust title or prouision from his Maiestie but only with the newes of heresay he presumed to take the Office vpon him so that now againe they confirmed their former freendship company with this condicion that Don Diego de Almagro should go to discouer the countrey toward the South sea if hee should finde the lande fruitful and to his content that then he would make sute to the Emperour to graunt vnto him the gouernment therof And if it happened that hee could not finde any soyle to his content that theÌ„ the land vnder the gouernment of Don Francisco Pisarro should bee equally deuided betweene them both And vpon this conclusion eache of them made a solemne othe at the communion of the holy sacrament to performe the couenantes made betweene them furthermore at the same communion time Don Diego pronounced these wordes saying Lord I beseech thee than when I breake this oth before thâ—e made that than thou confound mee body and soule When these thinges were done Don Diego began to prepare thinges necessary for his iorney with 500. men which he had vnder his charge and the Lord Marques returned to the citie of the Kings sent Alonso de Aluarado to conquer the countrey of the Chachapoyas which standeth distant 70. leagues from Trugillio among the MouÌ„taynes in which conquest both hee and those which went in his company passed great misery and troubles vntil they had pacified inhabited the countrey for whose paynes the Gouernment of that Conquest was giuen vnto him ¶ THE THIRD BOOKE containeth the Iorney that Don Diego de Almagro made into Chili and of thinges that hapned in the meane season in Peru and how the Indians rebelled How Don Diego de Almagro tooke his iorney toward Chili Chap. 1. DOn Diego de Almagro departed on the discouery of his conquest with whoÌ„ went 570. horsemen and footmen well prouided of al furniture necessary yea there were some citizens that left their houses repartitioÌ„s to goe with him He sent before him Iuan de Sayauedra bâ—en in the cittie of Ciuil in Andoluzia with 100. men who in the Prouince which afterward was called Châ—rc 1â— met with certain Indians which came from Chili noâ— knowinge what had passed in Peru to geue their obedience to Inga to present him with certaine wedges of fine gold which wayed 150000. poizes which pray he tooke and also was determined to haue taken Gabriel de Rojas who had the charge of iustice by the appointment of the Gouernour Pisarro hauing vnderstanding of his pretence fled to the cittie of Cusco and Don Diego with all his power procéeded on his way at the time when Mango Inga who sometime had the state and crown of Peru departed from Cusco as before hath bin declared he I sayd agréed w t his brother called Paulo with another called Villaoma â— who was high priest among the Indians which two persons of authority with a great nâ—mâ—er of the Indian people went in company with Don Diego that when hee thought him selfe in most securitie they should set vpon him to murther both him and al his retinue and concerning the gouernor who abode in Peru he would also take the like order to dispatch him and his army at y e time of this conclusion Inga commaunded to sow the ground that victuales might not want when time should require of which prouision the Spanyardes
on euery side how be it Hernando Pisarro and his brethren defended his assaulte like valliant gentlemen with many other Capitaines and approued good Souldiars whiche were within the Citie especialâ—y Gabrâ—ell de Rojas Hernando Ponso de Leon Don Alanso Henriquez and the Treasorer Requelme and many others who vnarmed them selues neither daie nor night and did assuredly beleeue that the Gouernor and all the other Spanyardes were slaine by the Indians because thei had knowledge that all the lande had rebelled and were occupied in the warres So that these valliant minded men fought so manfully as men that expected no humaine succour but onely put their trust in the helpe from GOD alone although thei daiely deminished by the handes of the Indians In the meane while that the warre and siege endured Gonsalo Pisarro with other twentie horsemen came out of the Citie to vewe the siege and proceded forwarde till thei came to the Lake called Chinichera whiche stoode fiue leagues distant from the Citie where the enemies came so thicke and thronged vppon hym who although he aâ—d his companie fought valliauntly yet thei had yelded if Hernando Pisarro and Alonso de Turo had not rescued them with an other companie of horsemen because GoÌ„salo had entered too farre emong the enemies whiche he did with greater courage then wisedome How Don Diego de Almagro came with his power vpon Cusco and tooke prisoner Hernando Pisarro Chapt. 4. HEre before hath been declared how Iuan de Herrada caried into the prouince of Chili to Don Diego de Almagro the prouision which the Emperor had graunted to hym concernyng his newe gouernation whiche did extend beyond the limites of DoÌ„ Francisco Pisarro his graunt wherevpon he determined to returne from his pretended discouerie of Chili and to take the Citie of Cusco into his power to whiche purpose the gentlemen whiche were in his coÌ„panie encouraged hym to make all the hast possible especially Gomes de Aluarado brother to Don Pedro de Aluarado and his Uncle Diego de Aluarado and Rodrigo Orgonios emong whom some desired the reparation of the Citie and Countrey and other coueâ—ed to bee alone in the gouernation of Chili so that to bryng this matter to passe thei deuised to cause their interpretars to proclaime that Don Francisco Pisarro and all his companie of Spanyardes were slaine by the Indians whiche had rebelled who had likewise vnderstandyng of the rebellion of Inga So that now Don Diego tooke this enterprise in hande and when he was come within sixe leagues of Cusco without giuing knowledge to HernaÌ„do Pisarro of his commyng he wrote to Inga promisyng to pardon all that was paste if he would become his freend and assist hym in his pretended purpose alledgyng moreouer that all the lande appertainyng to Cusco was within the precinct of his gouernement wherefore his meanyng was to possesse the same But Inga deceiptfully sent hym woorde that he should come personally and talke with hym and so he did with suspition of some deceipte wherefore he lefte some of his menne with Iuan de Sayauedra and tooke the reste with hym But when Inga espied tyme conuenient he sette vppon hym with suche a vehement courage that Don Diego was glad to retire In the meane season HernaÌ„do Pisarro hauyng knowledge of his commyng went to visite Iuan de Sayauedra at his Campe and mought haue taken hym prisoner if he had would as the Citezens of Cusco had counsailed hym to doe but he would not rather when he had spoken with hym he retourned backe vnto the Citie without the giuyng vnto him of any vngentle language How be it Iuan de Sayauedra reported afterward that he had offered vnto hym 5000. poyzes in gold to deliuer into his power all the men whiche were in his companie and that he refused the money When Don Diego was retourned from Inga he came with all his armie in the sight of the Citie with his Ensignes spread where he tooke fower horsemen whiche Hernando Pisarro had sent to talke with hym he also sent to require the state and Cheef Magistrates of the Citie to receiue hym for their gouernour accordyng to the Emperours letters Patentes graunted to hym whiche were ready to bee seen The saied Magistrates made answere saiyng that he should cause the limittes of his graunt to be measured with Don Francisco Pisarro and wheÌ„ it should be verified that the Citie of Cusco should fall out of the league of grounde specified in the graunt of Don Francisco then would thei yeelde to his request and also obeye hym as reason and duetie should require But their wise and gentle aunswere was neuer performed By meane whereof after did followe suche greate damage slaughter and discorde betwene these twoo valliaunt Captaines and although sundrie tymes thei mette to measure by line the lande that should appertaine to eche of them yet thei neuer agreed vpon the cause For sometymes thei would saie that the leagues of lande appertainyng to the gouernation of Don Francisco should bee measured a long the Sea coste acceptyng into the reconyng all Creekes Bayes and croked heade landes or Capes Others helde opinion that the measure should bee by lande acceptyng likewise into the accompte all croked waies whiche of force were to bee gonne almoste circular and not directly straight So that by eche of these twoo reconynges the gouernement of Don Francisco did finishe a greate waie before thei could come to Cusco yea some saied before thei could come to the Citie of Kynges But Don Francisco pretended that their opinions were not iuste nor lawfull in that forme of measuring but rather saied he that thei should measure according to the rules of the altitude of the Sunne allowing the due nomber of leagues to euery degree beginnyng at the Equinoctiall line accordyng to Astronomers reconyng in the Northe and Southe course by the superior line and in so doyng the Citie should fall into the iursdiccion of Pisarro But bee it as maie bee for as yet vntill this daie the matter was neuer agreed vpon that is to saie whether the Citie of Cusco doeth fall into the newe Castile or in the newe Toledo although sundrie tymes bothe Pilotes and learned GeometriciaÌ„s hath met to decide the cause especially the Licenciall Vaca de Castro who had a perticular CoÌ„mission touchyng that matter and as yet sentence was neuer pronounced But now letting this discord ceasse returnyng again to the Historie Hernando Pisarro sent woorde vnto Don Diego that he would prepare a certaine parte of the Citie for hym and his retine we to lodge in and in the meane while he would aduertise his brother Don Francisco of his demaunde who at that instaunt was abiding in the Citie of the Kyngs to the intent that some order might be taken betweene them consideryng that thei were bothe freendes and companions And to treate of this matter some doe affirme that truce was taken vpon that condition so that vnder that conclusion eche one held him self to
Citie of the Kyngs it happened that many Indians who were seruauntes to the Spanyardes called Yanaconas serued the Indians of the warres in the daie season for wages and at night came to their supper and lodgyng with their maisters ¶ How the Marques sent into diuers parties to requier succour and how Captaine Alonso de Aluarado came to aide hym Chap. 6. THe Lorde Marques seyng suche a greate noÌ„ber of Indian enemies in redinesse for the besiging of the citie of the Kinges he then thought assuredly that Hernando Pisâ—rro and all his companie in Cusco were slain and that the insurrection and rebellioÌ„ was generall through the lande thinkyng also that Don Diego had the like successe in Chili And because the Indians should not thinke that with feare he kept his Nauie of shipps to flie in them when neede should require And also that the Spanyardes should not haue hope of succour to repaire to the saied shippes to escape out of the lande and by that meane to fight with lesse courage then manhoode should require he commaunded the shippes to bee sent from thence to Panama He sent also messengers to the Uiceroye of the newe Spaine and to all the Christian gouernours of all the Indies crauyng their fauor and helpe aduertisyng theÌ„ of the great danger that he was in Signifiyng the same with woordes not of suche courage as he was wont to shewe in other â—hynges But it should seeme that his so doyng was through the peâ—swation of some faint harted persone whiche councelled hym so to doe He sent likewise to his lieutenant of Trugillio coÌ„maunding hym to leaue the Citie without people and to embarke their wiues children and goodes in a ship which he sent for that purpose that thei might be conuayed to the firm laâ—â—e and he with all the rest of the citezens to come with their horses and armor to aide him Because he thought assuredly that the Indian enemies would come and spoâ—le their Citie and he not able to defende them So that he iudged the surest waie to bee to ioyne them selues together in one bodie yet he required that their coÌ„ming should be in secret WheÌ„ thinhabitaÌ„tes of Trugillio were ready to depart towardes the Marques came thither Captain Alonso de Aluarado with all his companie who was come froÌ„ the discouerie of Chachapoyas beyng also sent for by the Marques and hauyng lefte a certaine companie of men of warre in the Citie of Trugilio for the sauegarde of the same thei came al together to the Citie of the Kynges to aide the Marques who louyngly entertained them And incontinent made Alonso de Aluarade captaine generall in lue of Pedro de Lerma who vntill that tyme had enioyed that office yet the vnplacyng of hym was so greeuous vnto hym that afterward it caused Mutynie as in place and tyme shalbe declared When the Marques sawe him self so well prouided of men and other â—urniture necessarie he determined to succour where moste neede should require Whervpon he sent captaine Alonso de Aluarado with 300. Spanyardes footemen and horsemen to discrie the couÌ„trey who proceding on his iourney about 4 leagues from the citie in Pachacama he had a sharpe battaile with the Indians of whom he had the victorie and slue many of theÌ„ this doen he tooke the waie toward Cusco in whiche iourney passyng through the countrey vnhabited he suffered great penurie and onely for waÌ„t of water died aboue 500 of his Indians with thirst who were labourers and caried his bagage and if the light horsemen had not been who roade by poste with certain vessells for water whiche was the meane to saue the liues of a greate nomber mo of the footemen whiche were all in danger of the same ende As he in this maner proceded forward he ouertooke in the Prouince of Xauxa Gomes de Tordâ—ya naturall de Villa Nueua de Barca Rota who had in his companie 200 footemen and horsemen so that thei were now in nomber 500 men with whom Alonso de Aluerado tooke his waie to the bridge called Lumjchaca where the IndiaÌ„s had enuironed them on euery side hauyng their battaile together the Christians had the victorie yet thei ceassed not skirmishyng vntill thei came to the bridge called Aban cay where Alonso de Aluarado had vnderstanding of the imprisonment of Hernando Gonsalo Pisarro and of all the affaires which passed in Cusco so that he determined to procede no further vntil he should haue further Commission from the Marques When DoÌ„ Diego de Almagro had notice of the coÌ„myng of Alonso de Aluarado he sent vnto hym Diego de Aluarado with other seuen horsemen to notifie vnto hym the prouision graunted by the Emperor Who at their commyng Alonso de Aluarado tooke them prisoners saiyng that the Lorde Marques ought to be cited with their prouisions not he who was no partie for suche matters But when Don Diego sawe that his messengers returned not againe fearyng least Alonso de Aluarado ment to enter into Cusco by some other waie About xv daies after he came with his whole power determinyng to set vpon Aluarado because he vnderstandyng how Pedro de Lerma had practised a Mutinie for to passe vnto him with 80 men and when Don Diego drewe nigh to Aluarado his scoute toke prisoner Pedro Aluarez Holguin who was a light horsman to Aluarado who hauing intelligence of his imprisonment was minded likewise to appreheÌ„de Pedro de Lerma vpon suspition who fled from him the same night carriyng with hym the fines of all those whiche had promised their faithe and freendship to Don Diego On a night Don Diego came to the bridge hauyng knowledge how Gomes de Tordoya and a sonne of the Coronel Vilalua were tariyng his commyng who had sent ouer at a shallow place many of the men whiche were of the coÌ„spiracie with Pedro de Lerma who were encoraged to passe the water without feare It was manifestly knoweÌ„ that some of the conspirators who watched that night had stolne aboue fiftie Lances whiche thei brought awaie with them So that when Alonso de Aluarado was minded to haue attempted the battaile he founde the conspirators missyng and many moe of his men whiche went to seeke their Lances that were stollen from them in the night watch were also wanting by meane wherof Don Diego obtained the victorie without bloudsheding sauing that Rodrigo Orgonios had his téeth broken with the stripe of a stone Now wheÌ„ the spoile was deuided Aluarado taken prisoner Don Diego retuâ—ned to Cusco where he shewed some bitternes of crueltie to his prisoners yea and so exalted him self in pride that he letted not to saie that in short space he would not leaue one of the name of Pisarro to stuÌ„ble at in all the dominion of Peru. He said also that the Marques might goe rule emong the Manglarez whiche dwell vnder the Equinoctiall line if he liâ—t to gouerne How the lorde Marques tooke his iourney to Cusco to succour his brethren
to the woordes of Don Diego wherevpoÌ„ he with the whole armie came after them and secretly lodged his men neare vnto the saied Towne commaunding Captaine Castro to laie him self in ambushe in a certain Cane fielde with 40. Hargubusiers whiche was in the high waie that Don Diego should passe to the entent that if DoÌ„ Diego should bring with him a greater nomber of men then was agreed vpon that then thei should discharge their peeces against them by whiche token he would also be readie with his companie ¶ How the two Gouernors mette and how Hernando Pisarro was set at libertie Chap 9. WHen Don Diego departed from Chinicha to go to the Towne of Mala with his 12. Horsemen he left order with Rodrigo Orgonios who was his generall that he should be in a readinesse that if the Marques did happen to bring moe men then was agreed vpon that then he to repaire with his armie and that he should vse Hernando Pisarro according as he should see how the dealing fell out at their meeting When these two Gentlemen met thei embrased the one the other very louingly and after many wordes and muche talke had betwixt them without any speech of the principall matter a gentleman appartaining to the Marques came to DoÌ„ Diego and tolde hym in his eare saiyng My Lord get you hence with all speede possible for it importeth you so to doe and I as your frende and seruitor doe so aduise you This warnyng he gaue vnto hym because he vnderstoode of the commyng of Gonsalo Pisarro Don Diego geuyng credite to his frendes worde called in haste for his horse when certaine of the Marques Gentilmen perceiued that he would departe thei perswaded their Lorde to apprehende hym consideryng he might easely doe it with the Hargubuzers which Nunjo de Castro had in ambush But the Marques would in no wise consent thereunto because he had giuen his worde to the contrarie nor yet would not beleeue that Don Diego would returne with out some order takyng betweene them And when Don Diego in the waie as he returned espied the ambushe then he gaue credite to the aduise whiche was giuen hym and when he was come to his Campe he complained of the Marques saiyng that his meaning was to haue taken him Prisoner and by no meanes the Marques could not otherwise perswade hym Yet notwithstandyng by intercession of Diego de Aluarado Don Diego de Almagro released Hernando Pisarro vpon certaine promises made betwene them among the whiche one was that the Marques should graunt vnto him a Ship and safe harber to sende for dispatches which were come from Spaine for hym and also vntill the Emperâ—ur had taken order in their discention the one should not deale with the other 〈◊〉 Rodrigo Orgonios did withstande and speake against the libertie of Hernando Pisarro because he knewe of vncurteous dealyng whiche was vsed against hym in the tyme of his imprisonment in Cusco Iudgyng that when he should inioye his libertie he would reuenge those iniuries receiued so that alwaies his counsell was that his head should bee taken from his shoulders But yet the opinion of Diego de Aluarado was of greater efficacie hopyng in the agreement that was taken WheÌ„ Hernando Pisarro was clearely released Don Diego sent hym to the Marques his brother accompanied with his sonne and other Gentlemen he was no soner gone when Don Diego repented hym of that whiche he had doen yea and it is thought that he would haue apprehended hym againe if he had not made greate haste on his waie euen vntill he met with many of the principall Gentlemen whiche serued the Marques who were come to receiue hym ¶ How the Marques proceeded against Don Diego and how he returned towarde Cusco Chap. 10. WHen the agreement was made betwéene Hernando Pisarro and Don Diego the Marques had receiued newâ— prouisions from the Emperor whiche Pedro Aâ—sureâ— had brought wherein was conteined that eache of the â—ouernors shouâ—d possâ—sse and inioâ—e the lande which â—ache of 〈◊〉 had discoueâ—â—d inhabited and conquered at the tyme of the notifiyng of his Maiesties prouicion although it were with in the limittes of the others gouernation vntill his Maiestie should prouide in y e principall cause what iustice should require So that when the Marques had receiued this order aftâ—r that his brother Hernâ—ndo Pisarro was set at libertie he sent to require Don Diego that he should depart out of that Countrey and Townes whiche he had bothe discouered and inhabited accordyng to the Emperors commaundement Don Diego aunswered that he was readie to obaie the prouision the contentâ— thereof whiche was that eache of them should abide in the possession which thei were in at the tyme when his Maiesties prouision should bee notified vnto them or either of them So that in like forme DoÌ„ Diego required the Marques to obaie and obserue the same anâ— to suffer hym quietly to inioye his possessioâ— without warre or contention with protestation to obaie any other determination or order that his Maiestie hereafter should take in their discorde dependyng The Marques replied that he first discouered conquered and inhabited all the Tounâ—s Cities and Countrey of Cusco and that by his wrong meanes and force he was now dispossessed of proper right Therefore once againe he required hym to leaue his former possession vnto hym accordyng to the plaine meanyng of his Maiesties commaundement for otherwise he would compell him to auoide willyng him also to consider that the tyme of truce taken betweene them was now expired When the Marques sawe that Don Diego would not conforme hym self with the Emperors coÌ„maundement but rather scan the plaine wordes of the prouision to his own will he proceeded to giue hym battaile with all his power and Don Diego retired as fast towarde Cusco makyng hym strong in a high Mountaine called Guaycara whiche laie in the waie as he weÌ„t workyng all the poâ—licie aâ—d mischiefe whiche he could deuise to spoyle the high waie for to hinder and disturbe the Marquâ—s passnge But Hernando Pisarro with a companie of men followed hym at the heâ—les and on a night by a secrete waie he assended inâ—o the Mountaine and with his Hargubuzeiâ—s he â—â—tercepted his waie so that Don Diego was forced to â—lâ—e and findyng him self some what euill at ease he made the more hast leauyng in his Reregard Rodrigo Orgonios who in good order coâ—tinued the retire and also hauyng vnderstandyng by two of the Marques companie whom he had taken prisoners how the Marques followed with al hast possible he also made the greater haste on his waie although some of his Souldiars gaue him counsell to abide to encounter with hym saiyng that all those which ascended the Mountaine were the first daies as men that wer sea sicke But this opinioÌ„ Rodrigo Orgonios liked not because the gouernor Don Diego had giuen him a contrary commission Yet the Souldiers iudgement was helde among men of experience for the best waie and
follow ye this pathe which will bring you to a countrey ful of townes and villages replenished with abouÌ„dance of victuals but this aduice was found to be false for they found the same countrey which they so highly commended to be barren vnhabited and absolutely without any succour vntill they came to the villages of Coca which standeth neare vnto a great riuer where Gonsalo Pâ—sarro had béen before his comming to Sumaco and there rested for the space of sixe wéekes abiding the comminge of his coÌ„panion the Lorde of that place submitted him selfe to his fréendship from thence they trauailed all togeather along y e riuer side downward vntil they found a narrow gloâ—e where they made a Bridge to passe ouer although the water was of 200. fadom déepe had a mighty great fall downewarde which fall made a maruailous strange noyse which sounded was heard more theÌ„ sixe leagues from the place certaine daies iorney from this passage they found that the riuer ran circuite so y t they came to a narrow place y t was litle more then 20. foote brode where also was another like fall ech side garnished with hard Rocke so that for the space of 50. leagues they found no conuenient passage but at this place were a number of Indians attended their coÌ„ming to resist them But yet the Hargabusiers made the passage cleare forced the Indians to giue place in the meane while they made a bridge of timber and passed ouer all the army in safetie In this forme they iorneyed through a great wildernes of MouÌ„taine vntil they came to y e countrey called Guema which was somewhat plaine but replenished with many bogs brookes in which place they were driuen to great extremity of victuals and through want were forced to liue with siluester fruits vntil they came to another couÌ„trey where they found some succor of food the soyle indifferently inhabited these people were cloathed in garments made of cotten wool but in al the other couÌ„treyes which they had trauailed y e people weÌ„t naked which was either through y e great heat which they haue coÌ„tinually or els through pouerty as they haue not wherwith to buy apparrel they also vsed the forepart of their priuy members to be tied with a string of â—otten wool betwixt their legs made fast at their girdling the wemeÌ„ had certain rags to couer their secrets but no other kinde of clothing In this place Gonsalo Pisarro commaunded a certayne vessel called a Uergantine to be made for to carry their fardage other necessaries downe the riuer likewise their sicke men and also for his owne persoÌ„ because that in some places the countrey was so full of bogs that they could not iorney The buildinge of this Uergantine was very troublesome for they were forced to make a Forge for their Iron worke in the which they also profited with the horseshooes of the dead horses for want of other iron they made also coles to serue the turne In these workes Gonsalo Pisarro permitted none of his coÌ„pany to bee vnoccupied from the eldest to the yongest he himselfe y e first at al assaults aswel with the axe as with the hammer in stéed of pitch they vsed the gum which distilled fâ—om certaine trées in steed of Aucom they toke old Mantels of the Indians some of the Spanyards shirts which were rotteÌ„ through the great wet which they had passed so that euery one was contributar with such things as he might spare In this order the vessell was finished and launched into the riuer al their fardage laden they made also certain Canoas to go in coÌ„pany with the Uergantine How Francisco de Alerano fled with the Vergantine and into what misery they were driuen by want thereof Chap. 4. WHen Gonsalo Pisarro had finished the Uergantine he thought that all his trouble was at an end and with this new vessel to discouer all y e land whereupon he continued his iorney all the force of his armie trauayled by land through y e bogs keeping along the ryuer side in which way they passed through many deserts of mountaines and Cane fieldes making their way by force of hand with their swordes hatchets and axes and when they might not pas on the one side of the Riuer the Uergantine caryed them ouer to the other side so that alwayes at night the Landmen and watermen lodged together When Gonsalo Pisarro considered how they had trauailed aboue 200. leagues downe along the riuer found no prouision of victual but only siluester fruites some rootes he commaunded one of his Captaines called Fraâ—cisco de Orellana y t with 50. men he should goe before to discouer the Riuer and to séeke victuals with commission that if he should happen to finde any that then he should therewith loade the Uergantine leauinge the fardage which was aboorde at the méeting of two great Riuers of which he had vnderstandinge to bee of 80. leagues distant also that he should leaue two Canoas at certaine Riuers which crossed ouer to the intent that with them he might passe his men ouer When Orellana had taken his leaue he departed shortly after found the currant of such force that in short time hee came to the méetinge of the two great Riuers without finding any kinde of sustenance and also considering what way he had made in thrée daies he found that in a whole yere if was not possible to returne that way agayne by reason of the vehemency of the great currant wherupon he determined to procéed downe y e riuer euen whither fortune should lead him although he iudged it a thing more coÌ„uenient to abide there yet notwithstanding he procéeded on and toke likewise the Canoas w t him although some of his company required him to abide their generals order coÌ„ming especially Father Gaespar de Carauajall who was their preacher because he insisted more then the residue the captaine vsed him very vncurteously as wel in word as déede and with wil or nil he procéeded on his enterprise makinge some entries into y e land where he fought with such Indians as would haue resisted him many times they came to encounter with him in the Riuer with their Canoas with whom they coulde not fight at will because the Uergantine was so full of men that one disturbed another In a certaine countrey where he found place conuenient he abode and buylt another Uergantine For the Indians of this soile came and submitted theÌ„selues vnto him and also prouided him both of victuals and al other things necessary in another prouince forward he â—ought with y e Indians obtained victory against them of whoÌ„ he had intelligence that certaine iorneys from thence within y e mayne was a countrey in y â— which dwelt none but wemen who were valiant and defended themselues against their Comarcans With this aduertisement he procâ—eded on his way without finding
he demaunded why his Lordshippe would consent to kyll him and his fellowes The Marquesse aunswered with a great oathe that he neuer had any such intencion But rather quoth he it is tolde mée that you and your fréends goe about to murder mée and for that purpose ye prouide dayly Armour and Municion Unto whome Iuan de Herrada made aunswer saying Syr sith your Honour dooth prouide Launces it is no meruayle though we buie Corselettes to defende vs he was so bolde to speake so presumptuously because he had néere at hande in Ambushe aboue fortie armed men Furthermore he sayde that because his Honour should put away his suspicion that it might please him to graunt lycence to him and Don Diego de Almagro and his men to depart out of the Countrey The Lorde Marquesse hauing conceyued no suspicion by his wordes dyd rather pittie them and assured them with amorous wordes saying that he had not bought Launces to contend with them He had no sooner spoken these wordes when he went to aâ— Orenge tree and gathered certaine Orenges which there were highly esteemed because they were the first that grewe in that Countrey and gaue them to Iuan de Herrada saying in his eare that if he stoode in néede of any thing that he should tell him and he would prouide him according to his desire for the which his gentle offer Iuan de Herrada kyssed his honours handes And leauing the Marquesse with this securitie he tooke his leaue and went home to his house where he with the principallest of his parciallitie agréed that the next Sunday following they should make an ende of the Marquesse dayes sithens they had letten the matter slippe which should haue bene done on Saint Iohn Baptist day past It happened that on the Saturday one of the conspirators opened the matter in confession to the Curate of the Church who the same night aduised Antonio Picado Secretarie to the Marquesse beséeching him to bring him to his Lordes presence Whereuppon the Secretarie went with him to the house of Francisco Martin brother to the Marquesse where he was at supper with his Children and incontinent arose from the Table and came to the Curate who enformed him of the trueth of the conspiracie at whose wordes the Marquesse was not a lyttle amased and within a lyttle whyle he sayde to his Secretarie that he beléeued not the Curates aduise because sayde he it is not long agone sith Iuan de Herrada came vnto me with great humilitie and that the partie which had opened his minde to the Curate in confession should séeme by that practise to craue somewhat of him and to haue him more bound to gratifie him he had deuised that pollicie But notwithstanding he sent for Doctor Iuan Velasques his Lieutenaunt who being euyll at case could not come So that the Marquesse went vnto him the same night home to his house hauing in his company onely his Secretarie with other two or thrée personnes and a Lynck caried before him finding his Lieutenant in his bed he tolde him the cause of his comming Who hauing heard all the matter made lyght of it wylling hiâ— Lordshippe not to feare for as long quoth he as I haue this white wande of Iustice in my hande there is none in all this Lande that dareth to styrre or make an vprore In which his saying it fell so out that he kept promise for afterwarde as he was running away as héereafter shall be declared at the tyme when they were kylling the Marquâ—sse he fled out at a window and descending downe the side of a wall he caried the rod of Iustice in his mouth Of the death of the Lorde Marquesse Don Francisco Pisarro Chap. 8. WIth all those fayre words and assurances the Marquesse was so troubled in minde that the next day being SuÌ„day he would not goe to the Cathedrall Church as he was accustomed but rather had diuine Seruice sayd in his house and meant not to goe abroade till he had prouided for his security When Seruice was ended in the Parrishe Church the Doctor Iuan Velasques and Captaine Francisco de Chaues who at that instaunt was the chéefest person in the Lande next vnto the Marquesse came together accoÌ„panied with many others to the Lord Marquesse his house after theyr visitation was made the most of the Cittizens returned home to theyr houses And the Doctor and Francisco de Chaues abode dinner with the Marquesse And after they had dyned which might be beâ—wéen the howres of twelue and one of the day thinking that all the people of the Cittie were according to the custome of the CouÌ„trey taking theyr rest and the Marquesse seruaunts also at dinner Iuan de Herrada with other twelue companions came from his house which standeth thrée hundreth paces distaÌ„t from the Marquesse house through the open stréetes with theyr swords ready drawne in theyr hands crying with a loude voice saying Let the Tyrant traytor die who hath commaunded the Iudge to be slaine which the King our Maister sent into this land The cause which they helde not to goe in secrete wise but rather with all the noyse possible that the Cittizens should imagine theyr nuÌ„ber to be great considering y t they durst attempt such a waighty matter so publiquely and also at such an howre that although they should come with all speede to the sacker yet they should come too late or else them selues to be slaine In this forme they came to the Marquesse house leauing one at his gate with a drawne sworde in his hande which was bloodied with the blood of a Ram who cryed with a loude voice dead is the Tyrant dead is y e Tyrant The which his proclamation was the cause that many of the Cittizens which were coÌ„ming to the rescue returned home to theyr houses againe beléeuing that y e thing was true which that one man had spoken Wherupon Iuan de Herrada procéeded vp a payre of stayres with his men in the meane whyle the Marquesse was aduised by certaine Indians which stood at his chaÌ„ber doore there vpon he coÌ„mauÌ„ded Francisco de Chaues that whilst he weÌ„t in to arme him selfe to kéep the Hall doore who was so sore troubled in minde y t he forgot the shutting of doores went down the stayres to know what y e matter was suddenly one of the conspirators thrust him through w t his sword who séeing him self mortally wouÌ„ded drew his sword saying what haue ye no regard to your fréendes But the stripes came so thick vpoÌ„ him y t he was soone dispatched and leauing him there dead they ran like desperate men into the Marquesse Hall where were in nuÌ„ber xij Spaniards of the Marquesse fréends who fled leaping out at y e windowes amoÌ„g whom was doctor Velasques his LiutenaÌ„t with his white rod of Iustice in his mouth accordiÌ„g to his promse for because both his hands were néedful to help him down the wall The Lord Marquesse being in his bed
for him as lykewise hath bene declared They were bothe noble minded and alwayes they pretended and conceyued haughty thinges they were gentle and amyable to theyr Soldiours they were equall in lyberallitie although in shewe Don Diego had the aduantage because he loued that his gift should be published and blowne abroade vnto which condition the Marquesse was contrarie for he would not permit that his lyberall giftes should be spoken of but rather procured to haue them kept in secrete hauing more respect to prouide for the necessitie of such as wanted then to obtaine a vaineglorious report It once happened that a poore Soldiour had his chéefe ritches in a Horse which dyed of an vnknown disease of which mishap the Marquesse hauing vnderstanding and coÌ„ming downe into his Tennis Court thinking to finde the poore soldiour there he brought in his bosome a wedge of Golde of ten pound weight to giue vnto him with his owne hands and not finding him there at that instant he chaunced to make a match at play without putting off his coate he played his match because he would not that any should sée the wedge of Gold which was in his bosom The play coÌ„tinued the space of thrée howres then came the Soldior for whome the golde was brought the which he delyuered vnto him secretly saying that he had rather haue giueÌ„ him thrée times as much theÌ„ to suffer y e paines which he had taken in his long tarying with many other lyke examples which might at length be spoken of So that alwayes the Marquesse almes and giftes were distributed by his owne handes and with asmuch secresie as might be yea and alwayes procured the receyuers to keepe silence And for this coÌ„sideration Don Diego was belde to be more liberall for although he gaue largely yet he had a forme how it should séem much more then it was notwithstanding touching this vertue of Magnificence they may iustly be called equall The Marquesse also was wont to say that considering the company of aduenture and fellowship made betwéene them that neither of them could giue any thing wherein the other had not his part therfore as lyberall was he which permitted the other to giue and for comprobation this shall serue That where they were bothe the ritchest men bothe in Rent Treasure and as lyberally might dispend the same as any Prince in the world not hauing a kingly Crowne yet they came bothe to death with great pouertie that at this day there is not any remembraunce of any thing proper which was theyrs sauing that of all theyr goods lands they had not wherewithall to burie them as the lyke is written of Cato Silla and of many other Romane Captaines which were buried of almes These two valiant Captaines were affâ—ctioned to doo for theyr seruaunts and souldiors bothe to enritch them and to deliuer them from peryls But the Marquesse dyd rather in that respect excéed For once it happened passing the Riuer called Barranca that the great Currant caried away one of his Indians of seruice which by mishap was fallen therein and when the Marquesse sawe the peryll of his seruaunt he foorthwith stripped him selfe leapt into the Riuer hauing good skill of swimming and pluckt him out by the haire of his head putting him selfe in great daunger through the extreame force of the Currant in such sort that the valiantest man in all his host durst not take the lyke enterprise in hande wherupon some of his Captaines dyd reprehend his ouer much boldnesse vnto whome he aunswered saying Ye know not what thing it is to looue a seruaunt well Although the Marquesse gouerned long time and more quietly yet Don Diego was more ambicious and desirous of rule and dignitie Bothe of them conserued antiquitie in theyr ordinarie apparell euen from their youth vpwardes especially the Marquesse who euer vsed to weare ordinarily a Coate of black cloath with long quarters and short wasted his shooes of a white Déere skin and a white felt Hat and his Sworde Dagger of auncient facion And when through the importunate request of his seruants vpon any solempne holy day he happened to weare a Gowne furred with Martins which the Lord Marquesse Cortez had sent to him from the new Spaine as soone as he came from Church he would throwe it froÌ„ him and vsed to haue a towell about his necke In the tyme of Peace he vsed much to play at Tennis or at Bowles and therefore chéeflie he vsed the Towell about his necke to wype the sweat from his face Bothe these Captaynes were most patient in paynes taking and also in any extremitie of hunger But perticularly the Marquesse shewed the same in the exercise of the sayde pastimes for there were very fewe young men that could endure with him He was also more enclyned to any kinde of pastime then Don Diego so that many tymes he would play at the Bowles all the whole day and passed not with whome he played although it were eyther with Marriner or Myller nor yet would permitte any to take vp his Bowle for him nor to vse towarde him any vsuall ceremonies of duety accustomed to his Estate and dignitie It was some waighty matter that should cause him to leaue from play especially when he was a looser But if at any he had aduertisement of rebellion or insurrection of Indians then foorthwith his Armor was at hand and Launce in readinesse he vsed in such extremities to ryde Poste alone through the Cittie towarde the place where the alteration was without tarying for more company These Captaynes were so ready and of such haughty courage in the Indian warre that eyther of them would not let to giue the Encounter although the enimies were in number .100000 They were of good vnderstanding and iudgement in any thing that was to be prouided for the warres or for gouernment especially being bothe men vnlearned for they could neyther write reade or yet firme which was a thing of great deffect in such noble Personages dealing in such waightie affayres Yet neuerthelesse in all other thinges of vertuous inclynations they shewed them selues to be Noble men onely the former want excepted wherein the auncient wyse men dyd holde such want for an argument of basâ—nesse of lynnage The Marquesse was a man that had great confidence in his seruaunts and fréendes All the dispatches which he made aswell in gouernment and reprehencion of Indians he vsed to make two markes betwéene the which Antonio Picado his Secretary fyrmed the name of Francisco Pisarro But these men may excuse them selues as Ouidius excused Romulus saying that he was an euyll Astronomer but rather had more knowledge in Armes then in Letters Bothe these Captaynes were so affable and playne among theyr people that they vsed oftentimes to goe from house to house in the Cittie to visite theyr neyghbours alone tooke such fare as they founde and were alwayes ready to come to any honest neyghbour that would
invite eyther of them They were equally abstynent and moderate in theyr féeding and dyet as also in refraining of sensuallitie and especially from abusing of any Spanish Women for they déemed that they could not deale therein without preiudice of theyr neighbours whose Wiues or Daughters those Women were they neyther ouermuch enclyned to the Indian Women The Marquesse had the company of an Indian Gentlewoman who was sister to Atabalâ—ba by whome he had a Sonne named Don Gonsalo who deceassed at fowretéene yeeres of age and a Daughter named Donca Francisca By an other Indian Woman of Cusco he had an other Sonne called Don Francisco Don Diego de Almagro had that sonne of whome we haue spoken who slewe the Marquesse which Sonne he had by an Indian Woman of Panama They bothe receyued honour at the Emperours hands for as hath bene declared to Don Francisco Pisarro he gaue the tyttle or addition of Marquesse and made him Gouernour of newe Castile and also ordayned him Knight of the order of Saint Iames. To Don Diego de Almagro he gaue the gouernment of newe Toledo and the tytle of chéefe Discouerer Particulerly the Marquesse was greatly affectioned and helde in great feare and reuerence the name of his Maiestie in so much that he abstayned from dooing of many thinges that he had power to doo declaring that he would not that his Maiestie should say how he ascended in the Land and oftentymes when he was present at the melting of the Syluer and Golde he would ryse from his Chayre to take vp the graynes of Syluer and Golde which fell from the clypping saying that with his mouth when handes fayled he woulde gather together the kinges porcion These two Gentlemen were equall euen in theyr kindes of death for the Marquesse brother put Don Diego to deathâ— and Don Diego his Sonne slewe the Marquesse The Marquesse was desirous to benefit the Countrey by tyllage and other commodities He buylt a fayre house in the Cittie of the kinges he also buylt for the benefite of the Cittie two rowes of Mylles along the Riuer side in which buylding he occupied him selfe at all tymes of leysure giuing his councell and opinion to the Maister workemen He tooke great paynes in setting forwarde the workes of the Cathedrall Church of the Cittie of the kinges and other lyke Monumentes Howe Don Diego de Almagro the younger ioyned an Armie of men of Warre and howe he slewe certaine Gentlemen and howe Alonso de Aluarado spread his Ensigne for his Maiestie Chap. 10. AFter that Don Diego had gotten the Citie into his power and taken the wandes of Iustice from the Officers and placed other by his owne election he then apprehended Doctour Velasques Lieutenannt to the Marquesse and Antonio Picado his Secretarie and chose for the chéefe Captaynes of his warres Iuan Tellio Cittizen of Ciuile and Francisco Chaues and also Sotelo WheÌ„ the noyse was spread abroade of the election of these new Captaynes all the Uagabounds and ydle persons which were in that countrey came to this cittie pretending lybertie to robbe spoyle and lyue at pleasure And to furnishe those Roges with money he tooke the Fiftes appertayning to the King and also the goodes of such as were deceassed which was kept in a common Chest to performe theyr Testamentes and Legacies But afterwarde discencion began to growe among them selues for some of the principall personnes mooued with enuie were mynded to kyll Iuan de Herrada séeing that although Don Diego had the name of gouernour and Captayne generall yet the sayde Herrada ruled and gouerned all And the mutiny being knowen many were executed especially Francisco de Chaues and also Anthonio de Oribuela Citizen of Salamanca was beheaded Because when he came from Spaine he sayde that they were Tyrants Afterwarde Don Diego sent his Messengers vnto all the Citties of his gouernment wylling them to admytte and receyue him for theyr gouernour And although he was accepted in the most Citties for the feare onely which they had of him yet in Chachapoyas where Alonso de Aluarado was Lieutenant as soone as the Pursuiuantes were come with the commaundement from Don Diego he commaunded them to be arrested and also fortified him selfe to withstand him in obedience and had an especiall confidence in the people of the Countrey and also in a hundred men of warre which he had attending on his person Whereupon he spread his Ensigne on the behalfe of his Maiestie esteeming in nothing the threatninges bragges and fayre promises of Don Diego which were written vnto him by his Letters But rather made a playne aunswer that in no wyse he would receyue him for Gouernour vntyll such tyme as his Maiestie should commaund the same by expresse order and Commission And in the meane whyle he hoped through the helpe of God and those Gentlemen which were in his company to reuenge the death of the Lorde Marquesse and to punishe theyr disobedience and offences doone against his Maiestie When Don Diego vnderstoode the pretence of Aluarado incontinent he dispatched Captayne Garcia de Aluarado with a great company of foote men and Horse men commaunding him to encounter and giue him the Onset with all his industrie and power and that in the way as he should passe to enter into the Citie of Saint Mighell and there to take bothe Armor and Horses from the Cittizens and at his returne to doo the lyke in the Cittie of Trâ—gillio In this order Garcia de Aluarado tooke his iorney by Sea vntyll he arriued at Puetia Sancta which standeth fifteene Leagues distaunt from Trugillio where he mette Captaine Alonso Cabrera who came flying away with all the people of the Towne of Guanuco to ioygne with the Cittizens of Trugillio against Don Diego which cause being perfectly knowen he tooke bothe him and certayne of the chéefest of his company Who as soone as he was come to the Cittie of Saint Mighell he caused to strike of the heads bothe of him and one Villegas which came in his company Howe the Cittie of Cusco arose for his Maiestie and chose for their Captayne generall Pedro Aluares Holgui and what followed Chap. 11. WHen the Messengers and Prouisions of Don Diego came to the Cittie of Cusco where at that tyme Diego de Silua sonne of Felisiano de Silua borne in the Cittie of Rodrigo and Francisco de Caruatall Sheriffes of the Cittie But Caruatall was afterwarde Campe maister to Gonsalo Pisarro So that the Estate of the Cittie agréede in Councell not to allowe nor yet receyue him although openly they durst not denie his commaundement and request vntyll they might pefectly vnderstande and know what number of men prouision he had in readinesse to procéede with his enterprise whervpon they made a bréefe aunswere saying that they desyred it might please Don Diego to send a more ample authoritie and power touching the premisses then as yet he had done then in continent they would allowe the same After that the Messengers were
to abide there his further order whylst he went downe to the Cittie of the kinges to gather together all such men Armour MunicioÌ„ which there he might finde leauing the Cittie furnished He comaunded also y e Captaine Diego de Roias should alwayes goe twentie leagues before the Armie with thirty lyght Horsemen to discouer the way he sent lykewise Diego de Mora for Lieutenant of the Cittie of Trugillio and with great dexteritie diligence he prouided all other thinges necessarie for his pretended enterprise now in hand euen as though all his life time he had bene brought vp in the Warres Howe Don Diego slewe Garcia de Aluarado in Cusco and howe he came out of the Cittie with his Armie against Vaca de Castro Chap. 14. IT hath bene declared howe that after that Don Diego sawe that he could not ouertake Pedro Aluares he went to Cusco but before his comming Christouall de Sotelo who he had sent before him had taken possession of the Cittie and placed the Officers of Iustice according to his owne pleasure and vnplaced such as were appointed by Vaca de Castro As soone as Don Diego was come to the Cittie he began to gather all the Artillerie and Gunpouder that he might come by In Peru there is good prouision to make Ordenaunce by reason of the aboundaunce of Mettall which there is founde and also at that tyme there were certayne Leuantiscos who were cunning Maisters in casting of Artyllerie and also expert in the making of Gunpouder whereof they had store by the meane of the great quantitie of Salt péeter which there is found He also made Weapon for such as wanted of paste of Siluer Copper mixed together of the same stuffe they wrought exceeding good Corselets besides this prouision all the Armor of the Countrey was brought to his CaÌ„pe so y t he furnished two hundred Hargabusiers He also ordained certaine men of Armes although vntyll this time they vsed in Peru to fight on Horsebacke after the Genet facion seldome vsed to skyrmiâ—h with lyght Horsemen Being in this readinesse happened a certaine discorâ—e betweene Captaine Garcia de Aluarado and Christouall de Sotelo in the which Sotelo was slaine whereupon great mischeefe was lyke to ensue among the Soldiours because each of them had many fréends so that all the whole Campe was deuided so that if Don Diego with amorous wordes had no pacified the matter thei had one slain an other Notwithstanding Garcia de Aluarado vnderstoode that Don Diego was greatly affectioned to Sotelo and would not let to reuenge his quarell Wherfore from that tyme forward he had the greater regard to loke to his owne safetie not onely for the defence of his persone but likewise mynded to kill Don Dieogo the whiche his pretence he determined to put in execution So that on a daie he inuited hym to Dinner purposyng to kille hym in his diete But Don Diego suspectyng the matter faigned that he was not well at ease after that he had excepted the banket When Garcia de Aluarado sawe that his deuise could take no place hauyng all thing in a readinesse for his pretended enterprise he determined with diuers of his frendes to goe and to inportune hym co come to the banket and in the waie as he went he chanced to disclose his minde to one Martine Carillio who perswaded hym not to proceede vpon that iourney for ê™ he I feare you will bee slaine an other souldiar likewise gaue hym the same counsell but all their aduise could not preuaile Don Diego fained hym self sicke and laie hym doune vpon his bed hauyng secretly in an other chamber certaine armed men So that when Garcia de Aluarado entered the chamber with his coÌ„panie he saied vnto Don Diego sir if it maie please your lordship to arise for your sicknesse is nothing you shall also find ease if you will recreate your self awhile for although you eate nothing yet you shall garnishe our table Unto whoÌ„ DoÌ„ Diego aunswered that he was content and sorthwith arose and called for his cloake For he laye vpon his bedde hauyng on his priuie coate his Rapier and Dagger Garcia de Aluarado and the residue were goyng out at the Chamber doore but when the moste of them were cleane without the doore and as Aluerado was passyng out before Don Diego Iuan de Herrada whiche stood next the dore staied his goyng out and made the dore fast whiche lockt without any keye and therevpon tooke Garcia de Aluarado in his armes saiyng yeeld thy self for prisoner and then Don Diego drewe his Rapier and strake hym saiyng he shall not bee prisoner but rather slaine And then came forthe Iuan Balsa Alonso de Sayauedra and Diego Mendez brother to Rodrigo Orgonios and others of theÌ„ which were in ambush who gaue hym so many woundes that he was soone dead When this newes was knowne in the Citie there began a broile emong them But when Don Diego came out into the Market place of the Citie he quieted the people yet notwithstanding many of Garcia de Aluarado his freendes fled awaie After this successe Don Diego proceedeâ— out of the Citie with his armie to encounter with Vaca de Castro whom he vnderstood had ioyned with Pedro Aluaaez â— and Alonso de Aluarado and was coÌ„myng the waie of Xauxa to meete with hym In all â—his iourney Pauloz brother to Inga serued DoÌ„ Diego who Don Diego de Almagro the elder now deceassed had instituted Inga whose aide was of greate importance Because alwaies he went before the Campe. And although he had but fewe Indians in coÌ„panie yet all the Prouinces in the land had respect vnto hym and for his sake thei prouided bothe victualls and Indians to carie the fardage and other necessarie thinges How Vaca de Castro departed from the citie of the Kinges to Xauxa and what his doynges were whilest he he abode there Chapt. 15. AFter that Vaca de Castro came to the citie of the kinges he caused many Hargabuzes to be made hauyng at that instant many connyng maisters fit for the purpose He furnished hym also of all other necessaries for the prouision whereof he borowed of marchantes the somme of 60000. poizes of gold because Don Diego had spent all the kyngs treasure before his commyng When all thinges were in a readinesse Vaca de Castro left in the citie of the Kynges for his Lieutenant Francisco de Barrio Nueuo and Ihon Perez de Gueuarra for captaine of the Nanie and then he tooke his iourney wiâ—h all his power toward Xauxa leauing order in the citie that if Don Diego should happen to come vpon the citie by any other waie not expected as some did imagine that he would â—hat then all the Citezens with their wiues children families and goodes should goe about the shippes vâ—till suche tyme as he with his armie should followe hym to giue hym battaile At his comyng to Xauxa he found Pedro Aluarez abidyng his comyng with all his
Citie of Cusco where he made new processe against Don Diego and after certaine daies commaunded hym to bee behedded He likewise released out of prison Diego Mendez with other twoo prisoners whiche had serued against hym who as soone as thei were at libertie went vnto Inga into the Mountaines called Andez whiche through the asperous entrie are inexpugnable Inga receiued them very ioyfully and shewed greate sorroâ—e for the death of his frende Don Diego whom he loued excedingly as appeared for when he passed that waie he gaue vnto hym many shortes of Maile and Corselettes and other sortes of armor which he had taken from the Christians which he had ouercome and slaine when thei went to aide Gonsalo Pisarro and Iuan Pisarro in Cusco sent by the Lorde Marques aâ— hereâ—ofore hath béen declared He had also Indians disguised at the battaile to bryng hym newes of the successe thereof How Vaca de Castro sent to discouer the Countrey by diuerse wayes Chap. 22. THe battayle agaynst Don Diego béeing wonne and the countrey pacified Vaca de Castro deuised to deuide his men of Warre and not hauing wherwith to gratifie them all except hee should send them to conquer abrod in the countrey wherupon hee commaunded Captayne Vergara that with the company which hee had brought to serue his Maiestie hee should returne to his conquest of the Bracamoros hee sente also Captayne Diego de Rojas and Phillip Gutierez with 300. menâ— Eastward to discouer that countrey which afterward they did inhabite which countrey ioyneth with the Riuer of Plate With Captayne Monroy hee sent succour to the Prouince of Chili to Captaine Pedro de Valdiuia hee sente also Captaine Iuan Perez de Gueuarra to conquer the Lande of Mullobamba which hée tofore had discouered and is a countrey more hilly then playne out of the side of which hilles springeth two greate riuers which falleth into the Northen Sea The one is called Maranion of the which heretofore wée haue spoken and the other is called the riuer of Plate the naturall people of that countrey are Cariues which eateth mans flesh The countrey is so hoat that the people goe naked sauinge light Mantels which they wrap about their bodies In this countrey Iuan Perez had vnderstandinge of another great Lande which standeth beyonde those Hilles toward the North where are ritch Mynes of Gold and there br â—acute edeth Cammels and sundry sortes of Powltery like vnto those of the new Spayne and also sheepe somewhat lesser then the Sheepe of Peru and all their corne ground is watered with slewces because there it seldome rayneth yet there is a maruailous great Lake froÌ„ the which issueth many riuers on the borders wherof are many villages replenished with people In all those Riuers are certaine Fishes like vnto great Mastiffes which often times doo bite the Indians which enter into those Riuers or passe â—longe the riuer sides for they vse to come many times out of the Riuers This countrey hath the Riuer of Maranion on the North-side and the countrey of Brasill on the East part which the Portingals now possesse and the riuer of Plate lyeth from thence Sowthward The report was that the Wemen called Amazons dwel in that countrey Now Vaca de Castro hauing dispatched his Captaynes and Souldiers on these discoueries he abode in Cusco one yere and a halfe making reperticion of the Indians which were vacant and putting things in order in the countrey Hee likewise made Statutes to the great vtillitie of the coÌ„mon Weale and conseruacion of the Indians In this season was discouered in the Comarkes or borders of Cusco the richest mynes of Golde that vnto this day the like at any time had not beene seene especially in a riuer called Carabaya in which Mynes one Indian hath gathered 50. poyzes in one daye and al the countrey was throughly quieted and the Indian people cherished and defended from the greate wronges which in former time they receiued At this time came Gonsalo Pisarro to Cusco for till now hée could not obtayne lycence so to doo And after that hee had abode there certaine dayes he went to Charcas to deale in matters of his profite and there remayned till the Viceroy Blasco Nunez Vela came into the countrey FINIS The discouery of the ritche Mynes of Potosi how captaine Carauajall toke it into his power THE RICHE MINES OF POTOSSI FOrtune hauing shewed her selfe so amiable to Captaine Carauajall it appeareth y t now shée hath brought him to the top of the Hill of Prosperitie It happened that after certaine dayes that the Indians and Anaconas of Iuan de Villa Roell Cittizen of the Towne of Plata went trauailing in the countrey about 18. leagues distant from the sayde Towne they chaunced to come to a highe Hill scituated in a Playne in the which they found manifest tokens of siluer wherupon they began to melte out of a vayne which séemed riche The riches was so great which heare they founde that almost in euery vayne where they made their ensay they founde the greatest parte of Ewre to â—e fine siluer and the basest Mines were by valuacion .480 duckets in euery hundred weight of Ewre which is the greatest riches that euer hath ben seen or written of When the Iustice of the towne of Plate had vnderstandynge of this fortunate successe the Ruler of the sayd Towne came deuided the said Mynes amonge the townes men and eche of them made his choyse according to his lot The Indians and Anaconas which came thither to worke were many in number in sutch sort that in short time they built at the foote of the saide hill a Towne to dwell in which multiplied in suche wise that there inhabited of Indian workemen aboue .7000 persons which did so well vnderstand that businesse that they came to agréement with their maisters to allow vnto them a wéekely pention but their gayne was twise so mutche as they payde vnto their maysters The vaines of these Mines is of sutche qualitie that the Ewre wil not melt with y e winde of Bellowes as in other Mines are accustomed but their meltyng is in certain litle Furnaces called Guayras wherein they vse to melt with coles and sheepes dung with the only force of the ayre with out any other instrument These Mines are called Potosi by reason that al the borders there about are so called These Indian workemen are riche for he that hath but â—oure or fiue thousand poyzes is counted but poore notwithstandyng the great pension or tribute which they pay vnto their maisters and all such workemen which come thither to worke will not willingly depart from thence by reason that their paines peril is not comparable to other Mines by blowynge of the bellowes with the greate smoke of the â—oles and likewise the Sulfer of the vaynes of Ewre When the reperticion of these Mines were made they began to prouide all sortes of necessary Uictualles for the woorkemen which was a thing very difficil