They who went in that Fleet had not performed what they were sent for but discovered more Land and gained the good will of the Natives The Trade was afterwards continued and a good correspondence between our King and those Princes Peter de Evora and Goncalo Anez went to those of Turucol and Tombotu Roderick Rebelo Peter Reynel and Iohn Colaco and others carried Presents to Mandimansa and Temala of the Fouli the most warlike of all those People The King had also correspondence with him of the Moses very famous in that Age and with Mahomet Ben Manzugul Grandson of Muza and King of Songo a populous City of Mandinga who receiving a full account of our King said That none of 444 from whom he was descended had any knowledge of more powerful Kings than four which were those of Alimaen Baldac Grand Cayre and Tucurol At this same time the King laboured to settle a Factory in the City Huadem 70 Leagues to the Eastward of Arguim as well for the Trade of Gold as to have some intelligence of Prester Iohn which he solicited by all means Many were sent to these Discoveries by Land But Death put a stop to King Iohn's farther progress in these affairs but cannot obscure the Glory due to him for propagating the Christian Faith in so remote parts building the Forts of Arguim and St. George de la Mina which fixed the Sovereignty of Portugal in Guinea that abounds in Gold Ivory and all other Riches and Plenty and the Gate that opened a way to the most Heroick Actions afterwards performed by the Portugues Arms. CHAP. IV. Discoveries under King Emanuel from the Year 1497 when he sent out Vasco de Gama till the Year 1500. 1. KING Emanuel inherited not only his Predecessors Kingdom but his earnest desire of finding a shorter passage by Sea to the East Indies This attempt was generally condemned by the greater number but carried by the more prevalent Judgments The King being in the Town of Estremoz when he appointed Vasco de Gama to Command the Fleet he designed to send This was a Gentleman of sufficient Quality Ability and Spirit for such a difficult Enterprise The King honour'd him expressing the great confidence he had in him and delivered the Colours he was to carry on which was the Cross of the Military Order of Christ and on which this worthy Hero took the Oath of Fidelity 2. Having received Letters for the Princes of the East among others Prester Iohn and Zamori or the King of Calicut he sailed from Lisbon upon Saturday the 8th of Iuly with only three small Ships and 160 men The Names of the Ships St. Gabriel St. Raphael and Berrio the Captains Paul de Gama Brother to Vasco and Nicolas Nunnez there went also a Barque laden with Provisions Commanded by Goncalo Nunnez Having passed the Seas already known to Portugues Sailers they discovered others and after five Months sail landed on the Sands of a Bay now called Angra de Santa Elena because first seen on that Saints day Here they took one of two Blacks who were busie gathering Hony in the Mountain little thinking how far human Boldness carries men This man pleased with some Glasses and small Bells brought some others from a Village in hopes of getting some of those things and these being furnished brought many more 3. Fernando Veloso a daring Young Man asked leave to go see the habitation of the Blacks but he returned with more speed than he went being pursued to the shore and a Shower of Arrows following as he got into the Boat Vasco de Gama endeavouring to appease them was wounded in the Leg and because they would not hearken to him he revenged himself with Cross-bows from aboard The third day being the twentieth of November he weighed and passed the Great Cape of Good Hope On St. Catharines day they touched at Angra de San Blas which is near the Island where are found the Birds called Soliticairos made like a Goose but with Wings like Batts this is 60 Leagues beyond the Cape Here they exchanged some Merchandise and observed the People garding their Cattle some Women riding on Oxen and some dancing to Pipes that made no contemptible Musick But because as they coasted in order to find some Port they found the Blacks appeared in greater numbers and warlike manner he terrified them with firing some Guns He took all the Provisions out of the Barque and burnt it On St. Lucies day hapned a Storm the more terrible because it was the first On Christmas-day they saw the Land which for that reason they called Terra de Natal or christmas-Christmas-land as also the River they named de los Reyes or of the Kings for being first seen on the day of Epiphany Here Gama left two Men to inform themselves of the Country and give him an account at his return To this purpose he carried some Malefactors their punishment being changed for these dangers After dealing for some Ivory and Provisions so much to the satisfaction of the Blacks that their King came aboard he went on as far as Cabo de Corrientes and without seeing the Town of Zofala passed 50 Leagues farther and went up a River where were several Boats with Sails made of Palm It was an encouragement to our Men to see these People for that they understood something of sailing a thing they had not seen in all those Coasts and because they were not so black as the others and understood the Arabick Letter They concluded them more civilized by their Habit of several Colours and divers sorts of Stuffs both Cotten and Silk They said that to the Eastward lived White People who sailed in Vessels like 〈◊〉 This River Gama called de Bons Sinays or of good Signs for the information he got of what he looked for though he lost some Men and many sickned their Gums swelling out of their Mouths and there was no cure but cutting which proceeded from the badness of the Provisions Sailing hence they again cast Anchor among the Islands of St. George opposite to Mozambique whence came several Zambucos or Boats in jovial manner the Musick of several Instruments sounding in them As they came near were seen some Black others almost White all had Persian Veils and were cloathed with Cotton of sundry Colours They asked our Men boldly who they were and what they wanted Gama answered to the first part and said he would answer to the rest when he knew whose that Town was They said the Lord of it was Zacoeja to whom all Vessels sent notice of their Arrival Then Gama replied that his Voyage was to India and wanted a Pilot to conduct him to Calicut that this was what he desired of the Xeque or Lord. He sent him some Presents though not of great value valuable for their rarity 4. A Moor who carried the advice returned with many thanks for the Presents with some fresh Meats making excuses that the great distance was what
the Prince gave him the Island and afterwards the Spiritualities thereof to the Military Order of Christ. 4. The Prince had spent twelve years endeavouring the discovery of Guinea and was now much encouraged by the discovery of these two Islands though many condemned his undertakings objecting That the Land he looked for was only Deserts like those of Libia that if any reached those Parts they would turn black that King Iohn his Father had invited Strangers to plant in Portugal so far from sending out people of which the Country was in want that God had appointed those Countries for the habitation of Wild Beasts which might appear by that they were expelled that new Island by the Rabbets All this time the Prince's undertakings were not only censured but almost fruitless till he sent Galianez in a Barque who passed that till then Invincible Cape Boxador which action was then in the common Opinion looked upon not inferior to the labours of Hercules 5. Gilianes returned in his Barque with Alonso Gonzales Balday in a bigger Vessel than the former and passed 30 Leagues beyond the Cape where landing they saw a great track of Men and Camels Without any further knowledge they returned home giving the name of Angra de Ruyvos to that Bay in English Bay of Gurnets because they found there great quantity of that Fish The next year the Design was continued and they passed twelve Leagues farther Here putting ashore two Men on Horseback who going on till the Afternoon saw nineteen Men with Javelins who fled and were pursued and some wounded and one of the Portugueses the first Blood spilt in those Parts Baldaya having notice thereof went ashore but in vain for the Moors fled in the Cave where the Moors had been were found some things of inconsiderable value but esteemed as an Omen of greater advantages They run on twelve Leagues farther where at the Mouth of a River they saw so many Sea-Wolves they judged them to be 5000 they killed many and brought the Skins which being a novelty were then had in esteem Going farther into the Land they found Fishing Nets drying but no People and their Provisions being spent they were obliged to return to their Prince without any further progress 6. Antony Gonzales was sent back to the place of the Sea-Wolves with orders to load his Vessel with their Skins One night he went up the Country eight Leagues with ten Men and spying a naked Man with two Darts in his hand driving a Camel he came up and took him the Man with the fright neither defending himself nor endeavouring to escape In his return he met a company of forty Moors and one Woman whom they also took in their sight without resistance these were the first taken on that Coast. Returning aboard they found another Ship was arrived there from Portugal under Command of Nunno Tristan with this addition of strength they went ashore again and met people at night and being so close that they lost the use of their Weapons clasped each other in Arms and knew not whom they held but by being naked and cloathed and the strangeness of the Language they killed three and returned to their Ships with ten Prisoners This Place they called Puerto del Cavallero or the Knights Port Antony Gonzales being there knighted by Nunno Tristan An Arab that was on board understood these Moors him and the Woman they put ashore to perswade the Inhabitants to redeem the Prisoners Next day appeared about 150 some on Camels some on Horseback provoking our Men to Land but finding they did not discharged a Volley of Stones at them and went off Antony Gonzales returned to Portugal with some Slaves Tristan having first careen'd coasted on as far as Cabo Blanco or White Cape where though he saw the track of People meeting none he returned home 7. Antony Gonzales returns carrying with him the chief of the Moors he had brought he promising to give seven Guinea Slaves for his ransom but once ashore forgot his promise yet giving notice in the Country others came to redeem the two Young Men that were Prisoners giving for them ten Blacks of several Countries and a considerable quantity of Gold Dust which was the first brought from those parts Therefore a Rivulet that runs up about six Leagues was called Rio del Oro or River of Gold This and a Shield of Buck-skin and some Ostriches Eggs they brought home all men admiring the colour of the Slaves The Gold stirred up covetous desires and encouraged Nunno Tristan to undertake again the Voyage and passing farther discovered the Island Adeget one of those of Arguim and saw twenty Almadies or Boats passing over from the Continent four men in each sitting in such manner that they rowed with their Legs Tristan launching his Boat with seven men chased them and brought fourteen aboard and going back for the rest they had reached the Island Hence they went over to another Island which they called De las Garcas or Island of Hauks because of the vast numbers they saw there and took some 8. The Profit encreasing the desire of it also encreased Some came from several parts to Portugal to admire those Rarities the Natives brought Lancelot the Prince's Servant Galianes who first passed Cape Bojador Stephen Alonso Roderick Alvarez and Iohn Diaz erected a Company in the Town of Lagos paying an acknowledgment to the Prince they asked leave to pursue these discoveries and set out with six Caravels whereof the first was Commander in chief arriving at the Island de las Garzas Martin Vincent and Giles Vasquez with each fourteen Souldiers in their Boats went over to the Island Nar where falling upon a Town they killed many and brought away 155 Prisoners all Moors The Captain Lancelot desiring to do the like attacked Tider and other Islands where he took above forty Prisoners which he presented to the Prince and was well rewarded 9. Gonzalo de Cintra set out with one Ship and coming to the Island Arguim run up a Creek at night intending to go ashore but the Tide ebbing he stuck and in the morning 200 Moors coming upon him he was killed with seven of his company These were the first Portugueses killed in these Attempts and from the Captain that place took name being called Angra de Gonçalo de Cintra fourteen Leagues beyond Rio del Oro. Antony Gonzales Iames Alonso and Gomez Perez set out in three Caravels bound for that River with orders to treat of the conversion of these Barbarians of Peace and Trade The Proposals were not received and they returned bringing back one of the People of the Continent who came voluntarily to see our Country and one of ours called Iohn Fernandez remained there with the same design Next Nunno Tristan made another Voyage and brought twenty Slaves from a neighbouring Village Dinis Fernandez in another Vessel passing the Mouth of the River Sanaga which divides the Azanagi from
him Ferdinando Gomez with a Present of double the value of that he had received He was to give an account of what had been done at Ormuz He was well received and brought a favourable Answer 6. It requires a larger History to give an account of the Affairs and Kings of Persia. Let it suffice to say that the Valiant Prince Reigning at this time was embroiled in War with the Turk which was one cause of sending this Embassie hoping to make an advantage of our Arms against his Enemy 7. Whilst the Fort was building or rather finishing Albuquerque persuaded the King it was for the safety of the City to put all their Cannon into the Fort pretending thereby to secure them against their Enemies but in reality to disable them from offending him Security is a Powerful Argument where there is Fear The King and his Governours though with some reluctancy consented to all was demanded The Command of the Fort was given to Peter de Albuquerque So was that Rich and Powerful Kingdom brought under the Portugues subjection rather to the advantage than detriment of its Natural Kings more oppressed before by the tyranny of their Ministers than by the Tribute they afterwards paid Besides the security it enjoyed being protected by our Arms but that Liberty is sweeter than all other Conveniencies 8. These Affairs settled Albuquerque applied himself to dispatch the Trading Ships homeward-bound He sent to this purpose his Nephew Don Garcia de Noronha with most of the Fleet to Cochin staying behind himself to conclude such affairs as required his Presence Soon after he fell sick and the Disease increasing was persuaded for the recovery of his health to go to India which he consented to to the great grief of the King who looked upon him as a Father By the way he met the News that there were arrived in India 12 Ships from Portugal who brought Orders for him to return home Lope Soarez who Commanded them being appointed his Successor hearing this he cried out Lope Soarez Governour of India this is he it could be no other Dâ—… Iames Mendez and Iames Pereyra whom I sent Prisoners for hainous Crimes return the one Governour of Cochin the other Secretary It is time for me to take Sanctuary in the Church for I have incurred the Kings displeasure for his Subjects sakes and the Subjects anger for the King's sake Old Man fly to the Church it concerns your Honour you should die and you never omitted any thing that concerned your Honour Then lifting his Eyes and Hands to Heaven gave God thanks a Governour came so opportunely not doubting he should die He was seized with a profound Melancholy and arrived at Dabul almost in the Arms of Death and there writ these last Lines to the King This is Sir the last Letter which I write to your Highness now under the Pangs of Death of many that I writ full of Life because mine was then free from the Confusion of the last Hour and employed in your Service I left in that Kingdom a Son called Blas de Albuquerque I beg your Highness will make him as great as my Service deserves As to the Affairs of India it will answer for it self and me Upon the Bar of Goa which he called his Land of Promise he gave up the Ghost on the 16th of December in the 63d year of his Age in his Perfect Senses and like a Good Christian. He was buried in a Chappel built by himself at the City Gate and called Sennora de la Sierra or Our Lady of the Mountain He was Second Son to Gonçalo de Albuquerque Lord of Villaverde and of Donna Leonor de Meneses Daughter of Alvaro Gonzales de Atayde first Count of Atouguia He had been Master of the Horse to King Iohn the Second Of a moderate Stature his Countenance pleasing and venerable by the Beard which reached below his Girdle to which he wore it knotted that and his Complexion very White his Picture shews his Breeches Doubleâ—… Cloak Cap and Coif all Black with Gold Trimming the Wastcoat striped with Green Velvet with small Spots like Studs It was doubted whether he was a better Man or Officer When Angry his Looks somewhat Terrible when Merry Pleasant and Witty He was twice before Ormuz twice before Goa and twice before Malaca three Famous Islands and Kingdoms in Asia whereof he gloriously Triumphed 9. After a long resistance made by the People of Goa his Bones were brought to Lisbon and buried in the Church of Our Lady of Grace He was the first had the Title of Governour of India as Don Francisco de Almeyda the first of Viceroy End of the Second Part of the First Tome THE PORTUGUES ASIA TOM II. PART III. CHAP. I. The Government of the Viceroy D. Anton. de Noronna from the Year 1564 till 1568 in the Reign of King Sebastian 1. WE concluded the Second Part with the Arrival at Goa of the Viceroy D'Anton de Noronna His good Service in India preferred him to the command of Ormur and his wise Conduct there to the Government of India 2. With him went four Ships and he was received with a general Satisfaction He immediately sent Relief to Cananor which was Besieged giving the Command of the Land to D. Antony de Noronna and that of the Sâ—…a to Gonçalo Pereyra Marramaque with a good Fleet. D. Francis Mascarenas who was there with a Squadron before deliver'd it to him and went away to his Command of Moçambique This was occasion'd by that Morish Woman spoke of in the end of Iohn de Mendoça his Government 3. Peter de Silva and Meneses had the command of seven Ships given him to secure the Boats that brought Provisions to Goa whereof their was a scarcity About the River Cannaroto he lost sight of three of his Ships by stress of Weather and after found them encreased to six for the three had met and taken as many of the Malabars and were sailing after their Admiral Returning to the Place where they were dispersed between the Islands and the Continent they met the More Murimuja with seventeen Paraos well provided to meet all dangers He instantly made to our Ships and after the discharge of Cannon on both sides they boarded and having received some damage the Portugueses sunk two and took five one of them being Murimujas who was kill'd the others flying were pursued to the River Pudepatan where three Paraos and above fifty Almadies or great Boats came to their Relief Ouâ—… Cannon repulsed them and they run up the River Of the Enemy five hundred were killed and three Portuguses 4. The Viceroy being in care for Cananor sent thither D. Paul de Lima Pereyra with four Ships Being at Anchor in the Bay of Bateâ—…ala the Malabar Pyrat Canatali came upon him with seven Paraos loaded with Booty taken on the Northern Coast. Paul seeing him come sets out to meet him After the usual Salutes with their Cannon Canatale with three
consent of both sides they were taken to pieces and the Turks fled into the Woods and Mountains The late Vice-Roy D. Alfonso de Noronha now failed home with the Trading Ships whereof that Commanded by Belchior de Sousa was lost with all the Men. 2. The Great Turk as it were foreseeing the Fate of Alechelubij immediately sent after him Zafar a Janizary to take upon him the Command of the Galleys But too late for he only came time enough to hear the News of their Destruction He took four Merchant Ships of ours bound for Ormuz and returned rich to Suez About the same time Gemes de Silva took several Prizes in the Sea of Calicut 3. The Vice-Roy sent F. Gonçalo Rodrigues and Bro. Fulgentius Freyre of the Society of Iesus to persuade the Emperour of Ethiopia to redress the Abuses introduced among his People in Matters of Religion and with them went Iames Diaz well versed in the Affairs of that Empire The Emperour could not be moved to admit our manner of Baptism and abolish Circumcision the Priest continued at his Court but to no effect In February set out Emanuel de Vasconcelos with three Galleons and five small Vessels to discover what Zafar was doing at Suez He spent some time under Mount Felix and returned without doing any thing With him went the Famous Luis de Camoens who finding no employment for his Sword exercised his Pen. 4. Some great Subjects of Hidalcan at this time Treated with the Vice-Roy about making Mealecan who had lived long at Goa King of Visapor and assisting to support him in that Title In Return they offered to make over to the Crown of Portugal the Lands of Concan worth a Million of yearly Revenue A great Bait for our Avarice The Profit was considered but not the Difficulties and Peter de Faria his Advice to Martin Alfonso on the same occasion was now forgot We shall see in its place how much more proper it had been to consider the Difficulties than the Profit The Offer was admitted and Meale immediately Proclaimed King of Visapor and his Wife and Children left at Goa as Hostages for the performance of our Hopes Three thousand Portugues Foot and Two hundred Horse marched with a Body of the Natives of the Island After a small Resistance they took the Fort of Ponda and sent Advice to the Vice-Roy who set out with the New King and at Ponda delivered him to his People that there waited for him He left D. Antony de Norona to Command the Fort with 600 Men. 5. The Vice-Roy returned so sick to Goa that he died in a few days and it was believed if he had continued in that Government some years he had re-established Truth Justice and Honesty in India It is a mark of his Justice That he gave no Employment to any of his Servants because he would not deprive them of it to whom it was due by Merit A Friend of a Court-Favourite complaining he did not dispatch him after serving Three years He Answered I am now busie about those that have served twenty fifteen ten or five years as soon as I come to those that have served three I promise I 'le remember you 6. D. Peter Mascarenas had such an awful Presence and majestick Deportment that no Body before him durst do or say any thing undecent He is famous on six several accounts any one whereof might give another a Name after death He was a Valiant Souldier a Wise Commander a Magnificent Embassadour a Singular Tutor a Just Vice-Roy and what is best of all a very Good Christian. He was Tall and though lean Graceful his Complexion brown His Gravity no ways made him intractable Of Vice-Roys he was the 6th of Governours the 18th held it ten Months and was the second of the Name and Sirname He is Buried in the Church of Alcazar do Sal where he had built a Tomb worthy of him CHAP. XII The Government of Francis Barreto from the Year 1555 till 1558 in the Reign of King JOHN the Third 1. FRancis Barreto succeeded D. Peter Mascarenas with the Title of Governour He was a Gentleman of Merit and qualified for this Post and had gained much Esteem being Commander of Bazaim His Government began with a Fire kindled by a Squiâ—… which burnt Ten the finest Vessels in India notwithstanding he used the utmost diligence and promised great Rewards to save them Yet this Care saved the rest of the Fleet. He soon repaired this Damage building others no less beautiful 2. He went to Ponda to carry on what his Predecessor had began by Installing Mealeacan King and appointed Officers to receive the Revenues about Ponda leaving D. Ferdinand de Monroy in that Fort and sending D. Antony de Noronha who had it before to receive the Revenues at Concam Xacolim Aga who was gathering the same for Hidalcan with Seven thousand Men prevented him The Governour sent a supply of Ammunition to Noronha which he no sooner received but he marched to Curalâ—… of which he took possession the Commander of it being fled and with Kindness attracted the Natives to come and inhabit the Town and Country leaving Portugues Officers to look to the Revenue Then hearing that Xacolim continued gathering the Rents he went to find him By the way he met two Ships in which was Xacolim's Wife Children and Goods of Value which he fearful of some danger sent to Cambaya Noronha easily made himself Master of all 3. Not far from Achara he halted and designed to pass the Night Xacolim sent a Thousand Men to surpize ours but they were upon their Guard and D. Iohn the Morisco falling upon them killed Seventy and put the rest to flight after the Pursuit he returned to D. Antony They marched together to meet Xacolim who was drawn up in good Order on the other side of a River After a vigorous opposition our Men forded it and there ensued a bloody Battle in which D. Antony and Xacolim met and having tryed each other parted In this Action were lost 24 Portugueses above 1000 of the Enemy were slain the rest fled Our Men proceeding gathered the Revenue 4. Mean while Meale was solemnly Proclaimed King at Visapor He enjoyed it not â—…ong for there were some of those who â—…et him up that designed to betray him to Hidalcan who offered great Rewards for him He succeeded not this way but did purchasing Fifteen thousand Men of the King of Bisnagar that were so successful they killed the Chief of those had made Meale King and took him Prisoner Hidalcan immediately sent Forces to recover the Lands where D. Antony was employed The Governour hearing of it sent him Orders to withdraw as also to Ferdinand de Monroy who was at Ponda They unwillingly obeyed remembring how prudently Peter de Faria had before dissuaded this Undertaking 5. This year sailed from Lisbon five Ships one of them was Cast-away at the Island Tercera and another at the Islands beyond Madagascar The Captain of
of Coulete The Case was that D. Enrique at that Engagement perceiving him stand only as a Looker on watching the opportunity of sharing the Plunder caused a Cannon to be levelled at him so dexterously that it broke his Leg. Now he sought Revenge and drew on himself farther punishment for Albuquerque not able to avoid the twenty five Barques to lose no time of playing his Cannon levelled among them all they answered with Showers of Ball and Arrows But our Artillery was so well managed that Arel was forced to retire with considerable loss having done no other damage to Albuquerque than the killing one of his Slaves 8. The Governor D. Enrique still continued his Preparations against Diu giving out they were for Aden In all things he acted the part of a wise Captain 9. He set out with seventeen Sail of several sorts all large with a resolution to clear that Coast of Pyrats that always abound there At Chale two Leagues from Calicut he set ashore D. George de Meneses with five hundred Men who reduced the Town to Ashes At Bacanor he found D. George Telo and Peter de Faria entering that Riverâ—… in which they shut up above one hundred Paraos bound for Cambaya laden with Spice He sent to their assistance D. George de Meneses with four hundred Men in two Ships The Moors by Land and Sea were four thousand strong Peter de Faria was left to keep the Mouth of the River the other went up to the Paraos and saw the Shore covered with Men and Cannon At length they engaged the Fight was bravely maintained but the multitude the disadvantage of the place and ill Fortune obliged our Captains to retire after losing forty Men. Victory cannot be always tied to one side and it is wonderful that in so many Encounters our Party should scarce ever be worsted never quite defeated 10. This was not the greatest Loss then happened to the Portugueses for at this time D. Enrique fell sick of an Inflammation in two Issues he had upon one Leg and finding Death came on he gave the necessary Orders and expired with that Calmness he had practised living This happened at Cananor where he is buried about the end of Ianuary in the thirtieth year of his Age. He was Son to D. Ferdinand de Meneses called the Red of a pleasing Countenance a large Stature an awful Presence of a free Mind his Actions just free from Covetousness continent a true Patron of Merit and Professor of Honor. It may appear how free from Avarice in that after his Death all his Treasure was but thirteen Royals and a half not a Crown in all not but that he had an Estate before but spent it during his Government on such as deserved well He accepted not one Jewel of all that those Eastern Princes presented him Let us give one Example of his ready Wit which will shew the Beauty of his Person A Gentleman whose person was contemptible but had served well and was dissatisfied with the Governor one day talking with others lashed out and said I am as good a Gentleman as any in India and better than some as much a Soldier as the best I have served the King as well as any man and in fine I fear no man nor yield to no man The Governor finding all this passion aimed at him to shew he understood it and was not disturbed answered very calmly Sir I confess you are a better Gentleman than I and more a Soldier than I that you have served better and better deserve to be Governor but since I yield so many Points you cannot but grant me one and that is that you are not so genteel a man as I. So the Anger was turned into Laughter and he doubly shamed The most renowned Governors hitherto were D. Francisco de Almeyda Alfonso de Albuquerque and D. Enrique His Complexion was white his Beard Chesnut Colour his Cap upper Garment and Breeches black slashed with Crimson Lining the Doublet Crimson over it a Coat of Mail and upon that the Breast plate He held the Government a year and a month and was the seventh Governor The End of the Third Part of the First Tome THE Portugues Asia TOM I. PART IV. CHAP. I. The Government of Lope Vaz de Sampayo from the Year 1526 to the Year 1527 and Reign of King John the Third 1. THE Governor D. Enrique de Meneses when he died left a Paper sealed wherein was named who should succeed him in case the person appointed by the King was absent requiring all there present to give Obedience to him this Paper was lost but the person therein named known to be Francis de Sa then commanding at Goa The second Patent of Succession being opened because the first was fulfilled in D. Enrique it named Peter de Mascarenas then commanding at Malaca The distance was great and the Season not fit to sail after some Debates they chose the worst Expedient which was to open the third Patent in which was named Lope Vaz de Sampayo The Government was put into his Hands having swore to deliver it to Peter de Mascarenhas as soon as he came from Malaca He immediately dispatched Captains to several places and went out himself to scour the Coast with seven Sail. Advice was brought him from D. George Telo and Peter de Faria that they lay upon the Bar of Cananor to keep in a Fleet belonging to Zamori He sent immediate Orders to D. Antonio de Silveyra and Christopher de Sousa who were at Goa to go join the other two and secure the prize till he came They performed it 2. Cutiale Admiral of that Fleet perceiving the danger that threatened him disposed all things to meet it by Sea and Land He had ten thousand Men at Command Lope Vaz went in person through Showers of Bullets to view the Fortifications which done he returned and prepared for the Assaults contrary to the Votes of most of the Captains who rather envied him the Glory of that Action than feared the Danger as if each were not to share with him in it Nevertheless all obeyed and three Vessels were provided with one one hundred Men each to land first Lope Vaz followed with a thousand Men in Vessels that rowed Peter de Faria was to fire the Enemies Paraos They all at once couragiously undertook the Charge assigned them and at the same time mounted the Trenches with great Slaughter on the one side whilst above seventy Paraos were fired on the other At length our Men remained victorious above eighty Brass Cannons were taken Lope spared the Town because it belonged to the King of Narsinga with whom we were then at peace 3. Lope Vaz sailed victorious to Goa where Francis de Sa refused to reâ—…ve him as Governor on account of the Title he had to it himself by D. Enrique's appointment in the absence of Peter Mascarenhas But the Council of the City siding with Lope Vaz he was admitted as
great a Force was not requisite and dismissed half the Fleet. But there had been use for all when he met Pati Marcar a Commander of Calicut sailing for Mangalor with sixty Paraos The Weather prevented fighting then so he waited their Return and gave Battel at Mount Delii where six Paraos were sunk then went to Cochin 8. Antony de Silveyra to whom the Coast of Cambaya was allotted had now under his Command fifty one Sail whereof three were Gallies and two Galliots and in them nine hundred Portugueses He went up the River Taptii on whose Banks are two Cities the chiefest of that Coast. On the one side Surat containing ten thousand Families most Handycrafts and all of no Courage called Bancanes On the other side Reyner of six thousand Houses but warlike Men and well fortified The River being sounded it was found there was not Water enough for the greater Vessels which were left at the Barr under Francis de Vasconcellos With the rest Antony de Silveyra returning to the Mouth of the River and having sailed four Leagues discovered Surat Three hundred Horse and almost ten thousand Foot opposed the Landing armed with Bows and Musquets they spent their-Shot and fled without expecting an Answer The City was entred without any farther resistance and nothing left in it that had life or was of Value Then the City and some Ships that lay in the Arsenal were burnt A little higher on the other side was the City Reyner inhabited by the Nayteas Moors of more Courage and Policy who nevertheless scarce essayed our Fire when they fled leaving all in the Hands of the Portugueses who had all been rich could they have carried away all the Plunder They carried what they could the rest was all burnt with twenty Ships and many lesser Vessels that were in that Port. Emanuel de Sousa was in both Actions the foremost at landing not without great danger especially in the latter the Enemy playing much great Cannon at him 9. Antony de Silveyra returning to the Mouth of the River found that whilst he burnt those Cities Francis de Vasconcellos had not been idle but taken six Vessels laden with Provisions bound for Diu. Now they sailed together to Damam a Town great and strong yet terrified by the Disaster of the others quitted by the Inhabitants and burnt by our Men. On the contrary the Town of Agaçaim fourteen Leagues from Chaul dared the Portugues Fury with four hundred Horse and five thousand Foot At first shock they killed five Portugueses and the rest began to flie but being rallied by the Captains the Town was taken and in it much Cannon and Riches Many were killed above two hundred taken The Fire of the Town took hold of the Vessels which were three hundred 10 Whilst Antony de Silveyra was thus employed Francis Pereyra de Berredo Commander at Chaul overcome by the Intreaties of the Inhabitants oppressed by Badur King of Cambaya who was Master of the Field marched with fifty Horse and one hundred and fifty Foot till he met Popaterao with five thousand of the former and twelve thousand of the latter The multitude weariness and heat so disordered the Portugueses that most of them were slain Francis Pereyra seeing the Fort in danger called Antony de Silveyra who instantly with care relieved it in person which preserved it from falling into the Hands of King Badur which it must have done if assaulted at that time Francis Pereyra was punished for that loss and rashness by being deprived of his Command and imprisoned by the Governor who gave that Post to Antony Silveyra whose Diligence had saved it 11. Hector de Silveyra who sailed from Goa on the twenty first of Ianuary with ten Sail and six hundred Men for the Red Sea spread his Ships cross the Mouth of it from Cape Guardafu on the Coast of Asia to Xael in Arabia that no Enemy might escape him Most of them had some Success chiefly Hector and Martin de Castro who took two great and rich Ships killing the Defendants who made a brave resistance A Brigantine of twelve Men that accompanied the Ship taken by Hector to Mascate made up to a great Barque supposing her a Portuguese and discovered not the mistake till it was not possible to avoid fighting thirty valiant Turks that were in her They fought till both parties tired were forced to rest and having recovered Breath all the Turks were slain Of the Portugueses three died the nine carrying off the Barque as a Trophy of this brave Exploit The Fleet being joined appeared before Aden where Hector managed that King with such Dexterity that he consented to pay a Tribute of twelve thousand Xeraphins yearly to the Crown of Portugal offering him immediately a Crown of Gold The Agreement was solemnly signed on both sides and Antony Botello left in that Port with a Brigantine and thirty Men. In the same manner the King of Xael submitted who not long before had accompanied Mustapha a Turkish Captain with twenty thousand Men to make war upon Aden In the Month of September arrived at Goa six Ships from Portugal 12. Let us look upon the Indian Sea now covered with a Wood of Ships the product of the Governor 's great care now full of his Design upon Diu. This Fleet consisted of above four hundred Sail many large more indifferent and the greatest number small several of them were only Sutlers fitted out by the Natives for private Gain In the Island Bombaim was made a general Review of the Fleet and found to contain three thousand six hundred Soldiers and one thousand four hundred and fifty Seamen all Portugueses above two thousand Malabars and Canaras eight thousand Slaves fit for Service and almost five thousand Seamen The Governor landed at Damam a Fort of Cambaya which was immediately quitted by the Moors Mass was said there and the general absolution given Then three Rewards were proposed to the three first that should mount the Walls of Diu at the scaling of it Hither came the News that the Arabs Turks and others to the number of two thousand fortified themselves in the Island Beth seven Leagues from Diu. It was by Nature and Art so begirt with Rocks and Walls and stored with Cannon that Nuno de Cuna gave no Credit to the Relation till he saw it 13. On the seventh of February he came to the Island and having in person viewed all Difficulties besieged it He summoned the Barbarians to surrender but they were so resolute that many of them shaved their Heads a Token that they fear not death but are devoted which they call making themselves Amoucos Their Commander gave them a brutal Example of Resolution making a great Fire and throwing into it his Wife Son Goods and Family that if the Portugueses overcame they might find nothing but a heap of Ashes Others followed the Example Nuno ordered the Island to be attacked at once in six several places At Break of Day each
Officer couragiously fell on the place appointed him The Enemy received them with desperate fury Many were killed and among them the brave Hector de Silveyra who in so many Occasions had notably signalized himself This to us was a great loss Our dead in all were twelve A Portuguese ran through an Islander with his Lance and he pressing forward upon it with his Cymiter cut off the Portuguese his Leg and they both fell down dead One stood upon a Rock with four Women and seeing our Men comeon killed two of the Women by their free consent but a Bullet preventing him from killing the other two they both leap'd into the Sea to prevent being made Slaves but to no effect for they were taken in the Sea Eighteen hundred of the Enemy were killed and sixty Cannons taken 14. Nuno de Cuna parting from Beth appeared no less formidable to Diu than that City did to him The City considered the Sea covered with that Fleet. The Fleet a City built upon Rocks and encompassed by them and Water the Mouth of the River crossed with massy Chains sustained upon Vessels and eighty filled with Archers and Musqueteers to defend them within ten thousand armed Men and an infinite number of great Artillery The tops of Houses Walls and Rocks covered with multitudes of People of both Sexes and all Ages rending the Air with Shouts Our Governor viewed the danger consulted the Captains and ordered the Assault 15. On the sixteenth of February the signal being given the Sea and Land were covered with Clouds of Smoak and Dust of the Destruction our Guns made in the City Nuno standing in a Boat cloathed in red to be the better seen flew to all parts where there was occasion and being known was all the Mark the Enemies Shot was directed to Which Sebastian de Sa who by favour was taken out of another Boat into his perceiving with some concern said to him Alas Sir was it for this you brought me hither And he pleasantly as if no danger had been near replyed to him and others Humilitate capita vestra D. Vasco de Lima had not lowered his Head for a Ball took it off his shoulders Our Cannon began to burst with the continual Fire Cuna perceiving this loss and that twelve Men were killed without doing any considerable Execution upon the Enemy the day being spent consulted with the principal Men and it was agreed the Enterprize was not practical He desisted leaving Antony de Saldana with sixty Vessels in the Bay of Cambaya to do what damage he could to the Enemy It was agreed on all Hands that had not the Governor stayed to take Beth he had carried Diu for the Moor Mustapha was the only cause of its holding out who entered but three days before with considerable Relief We lost never a Vessel and that part of the Fleet which went with Nuno de Cuna arrived at Goa the fifteenth of March where it stayed till two Ships came in of six that sailed this year from Lisbon Of the other four one returned to Portugal another perished in a storm at Cape Comori the Captain Manuel de Macedo and all the Men being saved ashore where they defended themselves against a great number of Moors till relieved from Cochin A third was never heard of And the fourth came afterwards but returning home with another it was never known of what became of both 16. Mustapha as soon as the Portugues Fleet was gone went to offer himself to King Badur carrying great Presents and was received with Honor and rewarded He gave him the Command of Baroche in the Bay of Cambaya and other considerable Revenues with the Title of Rume because he was a Grecian for the Indian Moors being ignorant of the Division of the Provinces of Europe called all Thracia Greece Sclavonia and the adjacent Countries Rum and the Natives thereof Rumii this Name being proper only to those of Thracia called Romania Therefore the Turks and Rumes are different Nations those being originally of Turchestan and these of Greece and Thrace and the Rumes esteem themselves more honorable than the Turks He also gave him the Title of Cham a Dignity among the Tartars like a Duke with us and among the Eastern People is given to Persons of great Merit So Mustapha from hence forward was called Rume Cham. 17. Antony de Saldana who was left in the Sea of Diu with sixty Sail and fifteen hundred Men went to the City Madrefabat five Leagues distant towards the Island Beth and burnt it with small opposition Then he went to Goga twenty four Leagues distant from the last a place of great Trade formerly populous and strong In the Port were fifteen of the best Paraos of Calicut laden with Spice who fled up a Creek and were followed by Saldana with eight hundred Men in the smaller Vessels It was found necessary to land and three hundred Horse and eight hundred Foot coming down to the Relief of the Malabars there was a sharp Engagement till above two hundred of the Enemy being killed they quitted the Field and Vessels which were all burnt as was the Town and eight Ships in the Port. We lost some Men. The chiefest Booty was much good Cannon The same happened to the Towns Belsa Tarapor Maii Quelme and Agacim and lastly Surat then rising after the last Fire and some Vessels in that River Saldana having thus terrified all that Coast retired to Goa About this time came into Nuno de Cuna's power a Brother of the King of Cambaya who was the rightful Heir of that Crown and through him our Governor hoped to compass some considerable advantage D. Antony de Silveyra who parted from Chaul with six Ships arrived at Aden and found that King who not long before submitted to the Portugueses had killed such as had stayed there for Covetousness of a Ship laden with Spice that came to his Port. Silveyra being too weak to revenge this sailed to Ormuz where he died George de Lima succeeded in his Command and took two rich Ships in the Bay of Cambaya 18. Our Cruisers had about this time taken twenty seven Ships of the King of Calicut richly laden He being preplexed with these Losses and fearing greater proposed an Accommodation Iames Pereyra was sent to treat and obtained what he desired which was leave to build a Fort at Chale Chale is an Island in a River that falls into the Sea three Leagues from Calicut navigable in Boats up to the Mountain Gate Urinama a Heathen was a King of it and next to him he of Tanor both Subjects of Calicut Both coveted the Friendship of the Portugueses as well to cast of that Yoke as in hopes to grow rich with our Trade As soon as Nuno had obtained consent to raise the Fort he set out from Goa with one hundred and fifty Sail three thousand Portugueses and one thousand Lascarines of the Country Such diligence was used in the Work the Gentlemen not
of the Island Pemba expelled by his Subjects and they soon after provoked by the Villanies of the Portugueses forced him and them to fly to Mombaça after having killed many and deprived the rest of the hope of ever returning to that Island 14. Let us return to India Melique had a City opposite to Chaul and of the same Name full of Moors and of great Trade as being a good Port and famous for weaving of Silks The Commander of it was an Eunuch once a Slave to the Portugueses now to Melique This Man posted himself on that noted Height called Morro with 4000 Horse and 7000 Foot Morro is a Promontory over the Sea and this runs down to the Shore of Chaul which lies to the Northward of it the River running between them 15. They terrified the Portugueses of Chaul and destroyed them with 65 large Cannon they played from that Elevation This motion was made by Nizamaluco contrary to the Peace establiâ—…d when Francis Barreto governed and he justified it with Complaints against Matthias de Albuquerque 16. This Siege was commenced in April when Winter begins at a time the Moors infested the Lands of Bacaim and some Horse those of Chaul Small Vessels did great harm along the Coast but much more was sustained in the City from the Cannon Then came 14 Mogols to be present at the taking of the Portugueses which they held as a thing certain but being assaulted by some of our Men 9 were killed 2 taken and the other 3 fled The Eunuch Taladar escaped being taken and died of his Wounds as did a Turk that succeeded him in the Command After him that Post fell to Faratecan 17. He with continual Batteries gave our Men no respite About 1000 withstood his Power till D. Alvaro de Abranches brought 300 from Baçaim and another 200 from Salsete They now made up 1500 Portugueses and a like number of such faithful Slaves that they received the Wounds themselves to protect their Masters Having appointed a day to attack the Enemy they all confessed themselves and then went up the River in several Vessels 18 The Portugueses beyond all expectation made their way to the Plain on the top of the Promontory and there the Fight was renewed Ten Elephants being turned loose a Soldier of ours gave one such a cut as made him run back trampling his own Men till he fell into the Ditch making us a Bridge to pass over Another Elephant made way to a Wicket the Portugueses entred and found so many dead as were a stop to them from killing others 19. Some Accounts say 10000 were slain others make them no less than 60000. Faratecan his Wife and Daughter were taken he became a Christian before he died as did his Daughter and came to Portugal his Wife was Ransomed Only 21 Portugueses were lost There were taken a great quantity of Ammunition many Horses 5 Elephants and 75 extraordinary Pieces of Cannon CHAP. IX Continues and concludes the Government of Matthias de Albuquerque 1. THE Portugueses in hopes the Death of Raju might contribute towards recovering what they had lost in Ceylon gave Advice thereof to the Viceroy who sent thither Peter Lopez de Sousa with a good number of Men and Ammunition This Commander made a halt at Palnagure and ordered Francis de Silva to bring the Queen of Candea whom he would put into Possession of that Kingdom But Iohn Chingala who had usurped it taking the advantage of Peter his ill Conduct took him and almost 500 Men Prisoners and cut off their Noses The Queen was put in Prison and above 150 Portugueses suffered several sorts of Death 2. D. Hierome de Azevedo succeeded Peter Lopez in this Command and with 400 Portugueses fought 12000 Chingala's but came off with great loss These Mutiniers were commanded by Dominick Correa a Chingala who was afterwards taken carried to Columbo and there quartered 3. Five Ships arrived now from Portugal and then was first carried into India the Bull of the Croisade whereof F. Francis de Faria a Dominican was Commissary 4. The Ship St. Albertus sailing for Portugal was cast away on the Coast Del Natal some of the Men lost the rest marched in a Body under the command of Nunno Vello Pereyra suffering great Hardships to the River of Lorenço Marquez where finding Emanuel Malleyro with a Ship Nunno and most of the Men imbarked and came to Moçambique Those who were left behind travelled by Land and forgetting their miserable condition so provoked the Cafres with their Insolence that they killed most of them 5. Nunno Vello Pereyra imbarked again on the Ship Chagas commanded by Francis de Melo and had no better fortune the second Voyage than the first Near the Islands Azores three English Ships met and after a bloody Fight burnt them Only 12 escaped burning or drowning on Planks among which were Nunno Vello and Blas Correa they were taken up by the English carried into England and ransomed 6. The Annual Ship coming in April from China vastly rich and being on the Malabar Coast almost in sight of Goa was set upon by 14 Galliots of the Enemy There were but 14 Portugueses in the Ship who fought 3 days and 3 nights till they were all killed then an Islander of Iava going into the round Top from thence with a Barrel of Powder set her a fire so that the Enemy got little by her A poor Comfort 7. The Viceroy fitted out a Squadron of 18 Sail with 700 Men and gave the Command of it to Andrew Furtado On the first of August he met 3 Ships belonging to Zamori full of Riches and People of both Sexes and all Ages above 2000 of them were killed in Fight the Ships taken and the Booty was such that a Servant happen'd upon 5 Bags of Pagods a Gold Coin of the bigness of half a Royal Plate but thicker and worth a Crown Furtado went on and found the Malabar Fleet he went in search of in the River of Cardiga which shunned not the Ingagement but was totally defeated and a great Booty taken 8. Then he sailed for Ceylon arrived at Columbo and secured that place in great danger of utter Ruin by means of the Portugueses who were at Variance among themselves and mutinied against their Captain This done he returned with fresh Honour to Goa 9. Now arrived 3 Ships from Portugal and found another beautiful one built called The Mother of God to return with them which was lost on the Coast called Desierto de la Ethiopia Oriental between Magadaxo and the Island Zocotora Many of the Men were drowned and more perished with Hunger and Thirst ashore Only 16 escaped enduring such Miseries they often envied the Happiness of the Dead 10. I find not any account of the Occurrences of this Year only that about the end end of it came 5 Ships from Lisbon and in one of them F. Alexius de Meneses of the Order of St. Augustin who went to
gave them the Port of Siriam at the mouth of the River of the same Name that runs within a League of Bagou the Court of the Kings of Pegu. This Grant was obtained of the King for the Portugueses by Philip de Brito Nicote who most ingratefully proved false to that Prince that had raised him from a vile Collier to his Favour and Esteem The manner was thus 9. Xilimixa confiding in Nicote was by him perswaded to erect a Custom-house at the mouth of that River for the encrease of his Revenue and his design was to seize upon it and build a Fort there to give footing to the Portugueses for the Conquest of that Kingdom The King who suspected not the Design having finished the Work put it into the Hands of one Bannadala who fortified himself and suffered no Portugues to enter there except F. Belchior de la Luz a Dominican Nicote seeing that Design fail resolved to carry it on by other means before the Works were too far advanced 10. He had with him three Portugues Officers viz. Iohn de Oliva Paul del Rego and Salvador Ribeyro with 50 Men these he order'd to surprise the Fort and turn out Bannadala not doubting but his great Credit with Xilimixa would bear him out in it 11. The three Captains so well performed Nicote's Orders that they gained the Name of Founders of the Portugues Dominion in that Kingdom and Ribeyro was like to carry the whole Fame of this Action some affirming he was the real Author of it 12. Bannadala who foresaw the Designs of the Portugueses contrived to expel them thence at the same time that Riberio thought to surprise him Banadala provided many flaming Carts guarded by 600 Men which advancing by night took such effect that the Portugueses were obliged to quit their Factory but flying thence attacked Bannadala's â—…ort with such fury that having left many Men he was glad to retire to an Island not far distant where he fortified himself gathering 1000 Men and securing the Treasure of the Pagod of Digan to maintain them The King being informed hereof was much offended and resolved to relieve Banadala but was dissuaded by the false Nicote who put him in mind he favoured a Sacrilegious Robber and offered to compose Matters with the Portugueses He went thither and ordered Things to his own mind so that the Work still advanced under the Portugueses 13. Nicote seeing the Fort in a good posture went to Coa in order to deliver it up to the Viceroy and thence facilitate the Conquest of his Master's Kingdom perswading him at the same time his Journey was to bring Succours wherewith he might become Emperour of all Bengala He perswaded every one of the Neighbouring Princes If he would joyn with the Viceroy he might easily be King of Pegu. Some of them sent Embassadors to this effect along with him Scarce was Nicote gone when the King being sensible of his oversight sent down the River a Fleet with 6000 Men under the command of Banadala 14. Coming down towards the Fort they were met by 3 Vessels with only 30 Portugueses commanded by Salvador Ribeyro who in a little time without losing one Man killed many took 40 Ships and put the rest to flight The King joyning him of Pram beset the place with 1200 Sail by Water and 40000 Men by Land Ribeyro understanding they observed no Order boldly fell upon them with his handful of Men and killing the General put that whole Army to the rout 15. Bannadala gathering 8000 Foot of this scattered Army sate down the third time before the Fort lodging his Men in good order and furiously battering the Place till in the dead of night he ventured to give a fierce Assault Our Men bravely opposing killed above 1000 which were seen the next morning to fill up the Ditch 16. The Enemy continued the Siege eight months Some of our Men deserted yet Ribeyro was no way dismayed but encouraged those that had stayed with him and to take from them all hope of Escape burnt the Vessels that were in the Port. The Viceroy Ayres de Saldanna hearing of these Proceedings sent considerable Succours and many covetous of Honour or Profit voluntarily resorted thither so that the Commander finding himself 800 strong resolved to attack the Enemy in his Works He put this Design in execution with much Conduct and Bravery and was received with no less till at length Banadala was forced to fly 3 Leagues without looking back and then stood to see all the Works he had raised in a Year burnt The Portugueses thinking this Success had secured their Affairs in Pegu dispersed every Man to make his own advantage so that there remained with the Captains only 200 that had been sent by the Viceroy 17. The Enemy returns the fourth time with many moving Castles and several sorts of Fireworks The Fort was reduced to a dangerous condition when a fiery Meteor so frighted the Besiegers that they fled leaving their Castles behind which were soon fired by our Men. Lastly the Victory we obtained over King Massinga in the Province of Camelan killing him and doing great harm both by Sea and Land produced the Security we so much sought after For those People finding us not only Victorious but Courteous followed us so that in few days we had above 20000 of them These Men considering the Success of Philip de Brito Nicote and his natural good Temper which occasioned their calling him Changa that is Good Man proclaimed him King of Pegu. Salvador Ribeyro accepted of the Crown in his Name he being then absent and this perhaps might be the cause it was thought in Spain it was he that was proclaimed 18. Nicote afterwards received the Kingdom in the Name of his Prince as a Loyal Subject and was the first of our Men that rose to that pitch of Fortune in Asia Roderick Alvarez de Sequeyra succeeded him in the Command of the Fort who bravely defended it till it accidentally took fire and only the bare Walls of it were left standing 19. Mean while Nicote sollicited for Succours to carry thither which were not hard to be obtained for the Viceroy seeing his great Riches and the prospect he had of more married him to a Niece he had born in Goa of a Iava-Woman and for her sake could deny him nothing He gave him the Title of Commander of Siriam and General of the Conquest of Pegu and Succours in 6 Ships Being come to Siriam he repaired the Fort built a Church and sent a rich Present to the King of Arracam who had sent to compliment him upon his arrival 20. He ordered the Affairs of the Custom-house according to the Viceroy's Instructions obliging all Vessels that traded on the Coast of Pegu to make their Entries there Some of the Coast of Coromandel refused to obey against them he sent D. Francis de Moura with 6 Sail who discharged himself well and took on the Coast of Tanazarim 2 Ships of
the second and third Tomes which will soon follow this that is my first in this Nature after several years spent in far different Imployments THE PREFACE THE narrow Bounds of the Kingdom of Portugal could now no longer contain the greatness of its Natives Hearts Therefore carried on by a Glorious Boldness they so far extended those limits that they infinitely exceeded the measure of the first Matter Great undertakings are subject to the dangers of great disappointments But Fortune whose only care it then seemed to be not to expose them to the Eyes of the World with any disgrace having measured their strength and capacity found it necessary to encrease their Dominions by adding to them at one time great part of Mauritania then a greater of Ethiopia at another time that vast extent of Asia and lastly that not inconsiderable Region of America called Brazil or New Lusitania Having conquered the West they passed to the South and having subdued this they went on to the East All they attempted with their Arms they perfected with their Fortune who seemed to be listed in their Service Such was their Conduct in the most difficult Enterprizes whereby they enlarged themselves so as to have room to breath the greatness of their Spirits that what in other Nations by reason of its immoderate greatness would have threatned ruin in this seems a most admirable Ornament of most various matter wherewith the Temple of the Christian Fame is illustrated and adorned At length these Great Spirits spread themselves over all the Land and Seas and to make the whole circumference of them their bounds overrunning that vast distance that is from the Coasts of Spain to those of China and filling both the Hemispheres with the Glory of their Name They followed the Sun from his Setting to his Rising and equalled his Course The Exploits performed in this wonderful Course in the space of 233 Years are the subject of this Second Work which I now take in Hand pursuant to what I promised in the first of our Europe the general applause that has met with calls on me for the performance of this Here will be seen Actions by how much the more admirable the less Credible and indeed more truly real than in appearance probable For though true it does not seem likely that sometimes 100 Men indifferently Armed should encounter great Armies much better provided These are the Actions which may justly entitle the Performers to be stiled Heroes a Name since given gratis to whom it was not due For a great number to overcome a lesser though equal in Arms and Courage is rather the effect of Number than Valour and seems to carry more of Cowardise than Virtue Hence it is that those who are so overcome though they lose the Field do not lose the Glory but if duly weighed merit the greater Esteem for that they dared encounter at so great a disadvantage We may therefore with reason affirm that the Portugueses on these occasions merited admiration either as Conquerors or Conquered as Conquerors for having overcome as Conquered for having dared much This had been before their Fate in Europe against the Roman and African Multitudes that overrun all Spain Let us see whether the same Fortune attends them in Asia Without doubt it does Soon shall we see innumerable Multitudes flying from their small Numbers and looking back with amazement to see who pursues and destroys them We shall see them drove by the terror of the Looks not the Number of those who press them We shall see Battels fought with such resolution that neither the Victor shall rejoice nor the Overcome lament In Sieges such barbarous obstinacy that despairing of Victory they will burn themselves with all they hold precious that their Enemies may reap no other Fruit of their Conquest but the dismal spectacles of the Flames We shall see not only Valour but Rage and Despair overcome The toil of coming at the Enemies will be greater sometimes than that of defeating them We may be sometimes overpowered by Number not overcome by Valour for though upon some occasions Fortune forsook all yet few were forsaken of their Courage These Generous Spirits looked upon the hardships of the Campagne no otherwise than if they had been the conveniences of their Houses and upon doubtful Battels as sure Victories With the first they began to raise I will not say Forts but Draughts of those they afterwards erected To these and chiefly to the Capitol of Goa shall be brought by force or come through fear many Princes in Chains and many by their Embassadors Nothing will appear in that Noble City but Triumphs Nothing less in the Triumphs than the People and Riches of all Asia these in the Hands of the Conquerors and those in the Chains of their Captivity But there is nothing in them we look upon with more delight than the Elephants loaded with Castles and the Carriages with Guns which not long before were our Terror these for their Greatness and Number those for their Number and Rarity Religion which we value above all and which was the chief ground of all these Undertakings will be more exalted trampling upon Idolatry for at each stroke of the Evangelical Sword fell a thousand Idols of the Pagods and a thousand Pagods in the Theaters of Battle It will appear that many Families held themselves in greater account for being overcome by us and in consequence thereof the Conquerors and Conquered joined and united in the Sacred Bonds of frequent Marriages and many overcoming those by whom they had before been defeated under our Ensigns and that the Monuments of our Victories are not now Broken-arms and Warlike Engines hanging on Trees upon Mountains but Cities Islands and Kingdoms first groaning under our Feet and then worshipping our Government Some warned with the Example of others Ruins shall prevent their own by accepting of our Proposals For in the beginning we invited all to embrace our Amity esteeming it a greater happiness to gain voluntary Friends than to make forced Slaves By express Order from our Kings we endeavoured to heap great Riches extend our Dominions and acquire Glory rather with Politick Reason than Odious Violence We modestly courted those we could invade forcibly In fine we shall see the Portugues Arms not content with the West piercing through and spreading over the East sailing unknown Seas trampling Provinces and incredible Difficulties discovering sundry Nations planting among them firm Fortresses and other Buildings And lastly giving Honour to their Country and Light to the World with their Discoveries and Conquests in so remote Regions Thus taming various and obstinate Spirits and Humours with Persuasions when they prevailed and with Valour when they refused to hearken to us we shall of sundry Elements compose a Body worthy those Noble Spirits that sailed thither worthy the Zeal of those Kings who sent and the Magnificence of the Captains that Commanded them All the Actions shall be such as deserve not
IX The Government of the Viceroy D. Vasco de Gama and of the Governour D. Enrique de Meneses till the Year 1524 that of 25 in the Reign of King John the Third 279 CHAP. X. Concludes the Government of D. Enrique de Meneses in the Year 1526 King John the Third Reigning 289 TOM I. PART IV. CHAP. I. THE Government of Lope Vaz de Sampayo from the Year 1526 to the Year 1527 and Reign of King John the Third 296 CHAP. II. Continues the Government of Lope Vaz de Sampayo from the Year 1527 till the Year 1529 King John the Third Reigning 310 CHAP. III. The Government of Nuno de Cuna from the Year 1529 to the Year 1538 in the Reign of King John the Third 326 CHAP. IV. Continues the Government of Nuno de Cuna from the Year 1529 in the Reign of King John the Third 336 CHAP. V. Continues the Government of Nuno de Cuna and Reign of King John the Third 361 CHAP. VI. Continues the Government of Nuno de Cuna from the Year 1534 in the Reign of King John the Third 371 CHAP. VII Continues the Government of Nuno de Cuna the same Year 1536 in the Reign of King John the Third 388 CHAP. VIII Still Continues the Government of Nuno de Cuna from the Year 1537 till the Year 1538 in the Reign of King John the Third 402 CHAP. IX Continues still the Government of Nuno de Cuna the same Year 1538 in the Reign of King John the Third 415 CHAP. X. Which ends the Government of Nuno de Cuna this same Year 1538 in the Reign of King John the Third and concludes the First Tome 433 THE Portugues ASIA TOM I. PART I. CHAP. I. Discoveries under Prince Henry from the Year 1412. till the Year 1448. 1. LIKE an Impetuous Torrent did the Mahometans spread themselves over the Lesser Asia after the Catholick Arms had expelled them our Provinces The Christian Princes busied in destroying each other looked on their Progress without attempting to put any stop to the Current when the Kings of Portugal as the first who had shaken off themselves the Burthen of those Barbarians and the first who passed over to crush them in Africk obeying the Decrees of Heaven which required it undertook to be the first who should stop their proceedings in Asia 2. Prince Henry fifth Son of King Iohn the First accompanied his Father in the glorious taking of Ceuta which was Anno 1415. and had a considerable share in the honour of this Victory as well in regard of his Courage as Conduct it being doubtful which was most predominant in him and therefore the more to be admired for that at this time he was but in the 21th year of his Age. At his return from thence he brought so great an inclination being already most skilful in the Mathematicks to discover New Lands and Seas that he spent above 40 years in this study and vast Sums of Mony in bringing Masters from all parts and Discoverers and sending Vessels to his Discoveries Being very well read in Geography and having examined many who had travelled much of the World chiefly the Moors of Fez and Morocco he got some information of the Arabs who border on the Desarts of Africk and of the Azanagi and Kingdom of Ialof near the border of Guinea That he might more wholly apply himself to these affairs he chose for his abode the Town of Ternacabal in the Kingdom of Algarve on Cape Sagres whence the prospect of the Ocean stirred up his Hopes and Endeavours Going to Bed one night with his thoughts fixt on these Designs in the morning as if he had received some heavenly assurance of success he with all haste gave Orders for fitting out two Ships which and some other passed not beyond Cape Bojador 60 Leagues beyond Cape Nam then the Bounds of the Spanish Navigation This Cape was so called by Gilianes who first passed it because it stretches it self out so far viz. almost 40 Leagues to the Westward which in Spanish is called Bojar and thence the Cape Bojador It s running so far Westward was also the cause that none passed it before as also that off of it for about 6 Leagues runs a strong Current which breaking upon the Sands rises high and makes a great Sea This terrified all not considering that keeping off at Sea they might turn the Point The Prince encountring the greatest difficulty sent Iohn Gonzales Zarco and Tristan Vaz in a small Ship with Orders to coast along the Barbary shore till they had passed that formidable Cape discovering all the Land which according to the Opinions of Learned Men and Information of Arabs was concluded to run on till under the Equinoctial Before they reached the Coast of Africk they met with such violent Storms they doubted not being swallowed by the Waves The Weather obliged them not to follow their Orders and without knowing where they were fell in with the Island which they called Puerto Santo or Holy Haven for such it appeared to them after the Storm This is a little Island not far to the Northward of the Madera The Inhabitants they found neither well Civiliz'd nor quite Barbarous but the Soil very fertile The Prince joyful with this News and the hopes the Discoverers gave him sent them again and with them Bartholomew Perestrello with three Ships with Seeds to sow and Cattle to stock the Place They put in two Rabbets which increased in such manner in two years space that the Corn and Plants being destroyed by them it was found more convenient to unpeople than inhabit the Island 3. Perestrello returned home Iohn Gonzales and Tristan Vaz making another Voyage discovered afar off something like a Cloud and directing their Course to it found an Island covered with all manner of Trees whence they gave it the name Madera which in Spanish is Wood. This Island for Extent pleasant Air and Plenty is the chief in that Western Ocean Each Discoverer entred a different part of the Island and each had a Grant of that Part from the Prince with the Title of Captain Tristan gave his name to that Point where he landed and Iohn Gonzales took to himself the Title of Camara de Lobos or Den of Wolves because of a Cave he found at landing which seemed to be the habitation of those Beasts The Prince gave the Island of Puerto Santo to Perestrello to people which proved in vain by reason of the vast multitude of Rabbets The Discoverers of Madera began to settle their Plantation by firing part of that Wood that filled the Island and the Flame took such possession that it burnt seven years continually and was seen far off in Smoak and Sparks like Mount Aetna so that afterwards the Island being plentiful of Grain the greatest want the Inhabitants suffered was of Wood there having been nothing else in it before There were Churches built and now there is a Cathedral King Duarte Brother to
and three Zambucos small Vessels and in them twelve Magistrates of the City Brava who as such submitted that City to Portugal with the yearly Tribute of 500 Meticales The two Kings came to a Battle and parted upon equal Terms Now came Antony de Saldanna whereupon he of Monbaça came to an agreement Beyond Cape Guardafu and in the Islands Canacani they worsted some Moors who would hinder their watering On the upper Coast of Arabia they burnt a Ship laden with Frankincense and forced ashoar another that carried Pilgrims to Meca But whilst they sail to India let us see what is doing at Cochin 5. Zamori of Calicut called â—…gether the Kings and Lords of Malabar and there resorted to him those of Tanor Bespur Cotugan and Corin and ten Lords of equal Power besides the Lesser They drew together 50000 men as well for Land as Sea for the Sea were 4000 men in 280 Paraos Caturs and Tonees Vessels of several sorts with 382 Cannons to batter the new Fort all the rest was for the Land to attack the Ford of a River that passed to the Island these were commanded by Naubea Dâ—…ring Nephew and Heir to him of Calicut and by Elancol Lord of Repelim The King of Cochin was in fear seeing many of his Subjects desert but Duarto Pacheco who commanded the Portugueses encouraged him Pacheco put himself into a posture of Defence Into the Ship he put 25 men into the Fort 39 into the Caravel 26 into a Boat 23 he was in another with 22 besides these 300 Malabars attended him the King with his Forces was to guard the City Thus he went to meet Zamori and finding him quartered in a Village attacked it and did much harm There hapned three fierce ingagementâ—… about gaining the Pass in the first the Enemy lost 20 Paraos sunk by the Cannon and 180 Persons of Note above 1000 private men In the second 19 Paraos and 360 men In the third 622 Paraos and 60 fled and 15000 men by Land and among them Zamori Pacheco pursuing burnt four Towns 6. The Moors that were with the King of Cochin â—…ve intelligence to the Enemy The King gave Pacheco leave to punish them He took five secured them and gave out they were hanged which the King and all his People reseâ—…ed Zamori returns and attempts another Ford. Iames Perez and Peter Raphael with two Caravels and some Boats were posted where the Lord of Repelim was to attack with 3000 men sustained by the Prince Naubeadarim with his men At this time 300 Moors deserted Pacheco he wanted Powder and the Prince of Cochin to whom he sent for it did not relieve him for the Messenger treacherously forbore delivering the message But Pacheco overcoming all difficulties killed 650 of Zamori's men who retired to a Grove of Palm-trees where nine of his men were killed so near him by a Cannon Ball that he was sprinkled with their Blood After this he lost 6000 men by the Plague 7. Great were the preparations the King of Calicut made and the mean time fatigued Pacheco with several stratagems and treacheries The Bramen Conjurers proposed the making a Powder which being thrown in our mens Eyes would blind them and so they would be easily overcome besides they had a new invention of Castles that were to destroy them and the Moors of Cochin were underhand bribed to poyson the water of the Island The Powder was looked upon as ridiculous but great care was taken by Pacheco to prevent the Poyson The Castles began to appear and were eight in number fifteen foot high and placed upon two Boats each and carried many men Pacheco had a 160 men divided into four parts the Foord the Fort the Caravels and the Ship and herein consisted the principal strength of the Kingdom of Cochin for of the 30000 men the King had at first there were now but 8000 left many of the Principal Men having deserted Zamori had brought 80000 men and lost 20000. Whilst the Towers were preparing Pacheco was attacked by a number of Paraos in one attack he killed some men and took five Boats in another eight with thirteen Cannons Six bold Nayres offered to kill him and in order thereto came over as Deserters but he having intelligence apprehended and sent them to the King Zamori gave out that the Portugueses at Cochin were all killed to the intent those who resided at Cananor and Coulam should be destroyed they were in great danger one or two killed and many wounded The King of Cochin though he saw the great danger that threatned him was resolved to endure the utmost miseries rather than abandon the Portugueses but feared those few must at last be overpowred by the multitude of the Enemy and the danger of those brave men grieved him more than his own he therefore most earnestly entreated Pacheco to quit that enterprize and save himself and men for some opportunity wherein he might do his Prince greater service But Pacheco bid the King be of good courage and not dishearten his Subjects with any signs of fear but exhort them to stand firm and thereby they should overcome all difficulties And fearing lest some Portugueses by his example might faulter in his resolution of dying or conquering he went aboad the Ship and made to them a most learned copious and resolute Speech which gave new vigour to them all but much more his speedy Orders and Couragious Activity shewn at that very time for scarce was the Speech ended when the Enemy came to assail him the Enemies design was to burn our Ships and therefore those Castles were drove towards them all the Front flaming But Pacheco who perceived their intent threw over long Beams one end whereof resting against the Ship the other hindred the approach of those burning Castles 8. The Enemy appeared with 290 small Vessels well stored with Men and Artillery and eight Castles one carrying 40 men two 35 each and every one of the other five 30 men before all came the Fireworks The Shoar was covered by 30000 men with good Artillery at the Head of them the Lord of Repelim with a vast number of Pioneers The Fight began the odds being almost 300 Vessels to three At first the Artillery wrought no effect but being continued tore those Towers and the Smoak being somewhat allayed the Sea appeared covered with broken Boats Arms dead Bodies and others strugling with Death the Fight was renewed with great loss to the Enemy and not one Portugues killed Next day Zamori returned and was beaten off with greater damage having lost 18000 men in the space of five Months that this service lasted The King by the advice of his Bramens retired to do Pennance and by consent of his Councel desired a Peace which the King of Cochin granted At this time Pacheco received a Message from the Factor at Coulam desiring he would come to assist him against five Ships of Moors who obstructed his Market of Pepper Pacheco went with
all speed and they submitting he took the Pepper at their own rate without doing them any harm He hindred others from coming into that Harbour and returned to Cochin with the Glory of having struck a general terror through all that Coast. 9. King Emanuel being informed by D. Vasco de Gama how necessary it was to appear with a greater Force in India fitted out a Fleet of 13 Ships the biggest had yet been built in Portugal and gave the Command of them to Lope Soarez and in them 1200 men The first Land of India he touched at was Anchediva where Antony de Saldanna and Ruy Lorenco were refitting in order to cruise on the Coast of Cambaya upon the Moors of Meca But Lope Soarez took them along with him to Cananor where he staid to give the necessary Orders and then appearing before Calicut had some Prisoners who were taken in the late War delivered to him but because they did not give up all he battered the City two days wherein he ruined great part of it and killed 300 Inhabitants and then sailed to Cochin at the time that Pacheco was upon his return from Coulam The King informed him of the damage he received from Cranganor a Town but 4 Leagues distant and fortified by Zamori 10. Lope Soarez with great secrecy provided 20 Vessels and sailed with them up the River where he found 5 Ships and 80 Paraos well manned which two Ships of ours who had the Vanguard burnt after a sharp engagement Then he sailed on the Prince of Cochin was to join him but came late A multitude of Indians and Moors covered the Shoar who with Showers of Arrows endeavoured to hinder our landing but our Musquetiers made way and having reached the Town it was burnt down to the ground and the Prince of Calicut who was to have guarded it fled This Victory and another obtained by the King of Tanor against that Prince wherein Lope Soarez was to assist him though the Succour came late produced a friendly Peace with that King 11. Lope Soarez left Manuel Tellez Barreto with four Sail to secure the Fort of Cochin and set sail in order to return home with design first to fall upon Banane a Town subject to Calicut He was met by twenty Paraos who freely bestowed their Shot drawing him into a Bay where were seventeen great Ships well-stored with Cannon and with 4000 men The Ships were all burnt with their lading which was very rich and 700 Turks drowned besides what perished by Fire and Sword this Victory cost twenty three men It was the beginning of Ianuary when Lope Soarez sailed hence and he arrived at Lisbon on the 22d of Iuly with thirteen Victorious Ships laden with Riches three were of the foregoing years Fleet of his own he lost Peter Mendoza who being stâ—…nded 14 Leagues from Aguada de S. Bras was never more heard of One of the other three was that of Diego Fernandez Peteyra who after taking several Prizes on the Coast of Melinde discovered the Island Zocotora The King placed Duarte Pacheco who had so bravely defended Cochin by his side under a Canopy and went with him in that manner to Church to honour his great Valour But soon after imprisoned and suffered him to die miserably A terrible example of the uncertainty of Royal Favours and the little regard that is had to True Merit CHAP. VIII Conquests under King Emanuel from the Year 1505 and beginning of the Government of Don Francisco de Almeyda first Governour and Viceroy of India till the Year 1509. 1. BEfore these Discoveries the Spice was brought to Europe with vast trouble and charge The Clove of Malucco the Nutmeg and Mace of Banda the Sandal of Timor the Camfir of Borneo the Gold and Silver of Luconia and all the other Riches Spices Gums Perfumes and Curiosities of China Iava Siam and other Kingdoms were carried to the Market of the City Malaca seated in the Golden Chersonesus whence the Inhabitants of all the Western Countries as far as the Red Sea brought them dealing by way of barter for no Mony was used Silver and Gold being of less value there than with them that traded thither This Trade it was enriched the Cities of Calicut Cambaya Ormuz and Aden adding to what they brought from Malaca the Rubies of Pegu the Stuffs of Bengala the Pearls of Calicare the Diamonds of Narsinga the Cinnamon and richer Rubies of Ceylon the Pepper Ginger and other Spice of the Coast of Malabar and other places Nature had enriched therewith From Ormuz they were brought to Europe up the Persian Gulph to Bacora at the Mouth of Euphrates and thence distributed in Caravans through Armenia Trebisond Tartary Aleppo and Damascus and then at the Port of Barut upon the Mediterranean the Venetians Genoese and Catalonians laded with them to their respective Countries Such as came up the Red Sea were landed at Toro or Sues Towns at the bottom of that Streight thence went in Caravans to Grand Cayre so down the Nile to Alexandria and thence shipped off Many Princes and particularly the Soldan of Cayre being great losers by this new way found by the Portugueses they endeavoured to drive them out of India 2. The Soldan endeavoured to work his ends by a Wile and therefore gave out that he was going to destroy the Temple and Holy Places of Ierusalem Father Maurus of Mount Sinai fearing the execution offered to go to Rome to the Pope to procure an accommodation The Soldan who desired nothing more gave him a Letter to the Pope signifying that his Reasons for destroying those Places were in revenge of the damage done to his Trade The Pope sent the same Father Maurus to Portugal But the Purport of his Message being already known before his arrival the King made such Preparations that he returned with admiration carrying more from Portugal to relate at Cayre than he brought thence to recount here However the King gave considerable Alms for the Convent and answered the Pope shewing that his Intentions in those Eastern Discoveries tended to the Propagation of the Faith and extending the Jurisdiction of the See of Rome 3. On the 25th of March sailed from Lisbon a Fleet of twenty two Ships eleven of them were to return with Merchandise and eleven to remain in India they carried 1500 fighting men and were commanded by Don Franciso de Almeyda who went to govern in India with the Title of Viceroy and gave great demonstrations of his Prudence and Courage The second of Iuly hapned a terrible Storm which tearing to pieces the Sails of Diego Correas Ship carried three men overboard two were lost the third cried from the Water they should have an Eye after him for he would keep above water till the next morning and the next morning the Storm ceasing they took him up his name was Fernando Lorenço Don Francisco de Almeyda arrived at Quiloa with only eight Vessels the others were separated by stress of
Guenga and falls into the Sea near the Mouth of Ganges between the Cities Angali and Pisolta in about 22 degrees of Latitude The River Bate has his Springs in the Mount Gate and falls into the Sea by Bombaim parting the Kingdoms of Guzarata and Decan From the City Cambaya to the Mouth of this River are 70 Leagues From Chaul South of it to the River Aliga the southern extent of Decan 75 Leagues with these Towns Bandor Dabul Debetele Cintapori Coropatan Banda Chapora and Goa our Metropolis and Archiepiscopal See in India The third district begins where Canara parts from Decan and ends in Cape Comori and contains above 140 Leagues From this River to Mount Delli is about 46 Leagues with these Towns Onor Baticale Barcalor Baranor and others of the Province Canara subject to the King of Bisnaga Below this to Cape Comori are 93 Leagues and is called Malabar divided into three Kingdoms which own no Superior The Kingdom of Cananor has 20 Leagues of the Coast in which are these Towns Cota Coulam Nilichilam Marabia â—…olepatam Cananor the Metropolis in the Latitude of 12 degrees Tremapatan Cheba Maim and Purepatan Here begins the Kingdom of Calicut and runs 27 Leagues and has these Towns Calicut the Metropolis in about 11 degrees 70 minutes of Latitude Coulete Chale Parangale and Tanor the head of a Kingdom subject to the Zamori or Emperour of Calicut and Chatua the last Bound of this Empire Next is the little Kingdom of Cranganor which borders on that of Cochin then that of Coulan and lastly Travancor subject to Narsinga Near Travancor is the Famous Cape Comori the southermost Inland of this Province of Indostan or India within Ganges and 7 degrees and half of North Latitude where ends the Coast of Malabar and the fourth of the nine districts I now divide the Coast of Asia into From Cape Comori in the West to Cape Cincapura in the East which is the Southermost Land of the Aurea Chersonesus or Malaca are 400 Leagues and within this interval is contained the great Bay of Bengala called by some Sinus Gangeticus because the River Ganges after watering the Country of Bengala falls into this Bay about the Latitude of 23 Degrees This River is wonderful for the abundance of water it carries and esteemed Holy by the Neighbouring People who imagining it conduces to their Salvation when given over are carried and die with their Feet in its water which brings the King a great Revenue for none must wash there without paying a certain Duty Though this River has many Mouths the two most remarkable are called Satigan to the West and Chatigan to the East near 100 Leagues distant from each other and here will end the fifth of the nine Districts This may be subdivided into three parts The first the Kingdom of Bisnaga contains 200 Leagues and these Towns Tarancurii Manapar Vaipar Trechendur Caligrande Charcacale Tucucurii Benbar Calicare Beadala Manancort and Cannameira whence takes name that Cape that stretches out there in 10 degrees of North Latitude then Negapatan Hahor Triminapatan Tragambar Trimenava Colororam Puducheira Calapate Connumeira Sadrapatan and Meliapor now called St. Thomas because that Apostles Body was found there From St. Thomas to Palicata are 9 Leagues then go on Chiricole Aremogan Caleturo Caleciro Pentipolii where ends the Kingdom of Bisnagur and begins that of Orixa the second part of this District and contains about 120 Leagues to Cape Palmeiras with these Towns Penacote Calingan Vizipatan Bimilepatan Narsingapatan Puacatan Caregare and others Here begins the third part which is the Kingdom of Bengala and extends above 100 Leagues The sixth District of the nine begins at the East Mouth of Ganges or Chatigan and ends at Cape Cincapura in little more than one degree of North Latitude This Coast contains about 380 Leagues to Cape Negraes in the Latitude of 16 degrees 100 Leagues and these Towns Sore Satatolu Arracam Metropolis of the Kingdom so called and Dunadiva upon the Point Hence to Tavay in the Latitude of 13 Degrees 16 Leagues This is the bounds of the Kingdom of Pegu. From Tavay to Cincapura 220 the chief Towns along this Coast are Martaban Lugor Tanacerin Lungar Pedam Queda Solongor and Malaca Head of the Kingdom At Cincapura begins the seventh District and ends at the great River of Siam which falls into the Sea in the Latitude of 14 Degrees and has its rise in the Lake Chiammay called by the Natives Menam that is source of waters upon this Coast are the Towns Pam Ponciam Calantaon Patane Ligor Cuii Perperii and Bamplacot on the Mouth of the River The eighth District contains these Kingdoms that of Cambodia through which runs the River Mecon whose Springs are in China that of Champa or Tsiompa whence comes the true Aloes on this borders the Kingdom of Cochinchina then that of China divided into fifteen Provinces or Governments each of which is a great Kingdom those on the Sea are Quantung Fokien Chekiang where ends the eighth District The ninth begins with the Province Nanking and continues that of Xantung and Pecheli running to the farthest discovered Land of the Coast of Tartary I shall speak of the Islands that lie along this tract as they are discovered but the Names of the chief are these the Maldivy Islands Ceylon Sumatra Iava Borneo Banda Timori Celebes the Moluccoes Mindanao Luconia and Iapan Thus much of the Coast of Asia let us now see by whom inhabited and what it produces 2. Though there be many and very different manners of Worship in Asia as well as sundry Nations the chief Religions there may be reduced to these four Heads the Christian Jewish Mahometan and Gentile The first two for the most part under the slavery of the latter With the two latter the Portugues waged War their Power is thus divided All that tract from the River Cintacora opposite to Anchediva towards the North and West is subject to Mahometans thence Eastward to Pagans except the Kingdom of Malaca part of Sumatra and some parts of Iava and the Molucco Islands held by the Moors In that tract which is governed by these are the following Sovereign Princes The Kings of Aden Xael and Fartaque who have many Ports of great Trade and their Subjects the Arabs are couragious and warlike Next the King of Ormuz greater than the other three together and then he of Cambaya equal to Xerxes Darius or Porus in grandeur and warlike power From Chaul to Cinâ—…atora belonged to Nizamaluco and Hidalcan two powerful Princes not inferiour to great Kings who maintained great Armies composed of sundry warlike Nations well armed The Moors of Sumatra Malaca and the Moluccoes were well disciplin'd and much better stor'd with Artillery than we that attacked them The Heathens were the Kings of Bisnagar Orixa Bengala Pegu Siam and China all but chiefly the last so Powerful it is not to be expressed and if related scarce credible Siam extends above
infected the Plague at that time raging in the City died by the way When they came under the Line the Sickness left them They had a sight of Cape St. Augustin in Brasil and in crossing the vast Ocean between that place and the Cape of Good Hope Tristan de Cuma run so far to the Southward that some of his men perished with Cold and discovered the Islands still called by his Name where being assaulted by a Storm all the Ships were parted each running a different course till they met again at Mozambique except Alvaro Tellez who at Cape Guardufu took 6 Ships so laden with all sorts of Goods that from them to his own Vessel he made a Bridge of Bails thrown into the Sea over which the men passed as on dry land Ruy Pereyra who fell into Matatanna a Port in the Island Madagascar being informed it abounded in Spice especially Ginger invited thither Tristan de Cunna He came and anchored in a Bay which Nunno de Cunna his Son called de Dona Maria de Cunna a Lady he courted others named it of the Conception so it retained the name of Mary either Religious or Profanely Some Blacks appeared upon the Coast he sent a Moor to speak to them but they hearing he spoke of Christians had killed him had not our Cannon from the Ships forced them to retire Sailing three Leagues farther they fell upon a Village on the Bank of a River where among others they took the Lord of it whom they call Xeque This man the next night carried our Commander to another Town in a close Bay which receives the great River Lulangan This was inhabited by Moors somewhat civilized who fearful of our Fleet fled over to the firm Land in Boats so overladen that many perished by the way But our men encompassing the Island took 500 Prisoners whereof only 20 Men the rest Women and Children among them their Xeque or Lord a man of Age and a respectful Aspect The Morning discovered the Sea thronged with Boats with about 600 armed men who came to release the Women and Children The Portugues Commander notified his designs to them and they with very discreet words persuaded him to restore their People He was satisfied to understand the Island Madagascar was peopled by Cafres most of them Black and produced little Ginger to the contrary of the account he had received Afterwards he would have entred the Town they call Zada but it being an unseasonable hour the People in a fury set fire to it which raged so that from the Sea it appeared as if the whole Mountain had burnt 2. Hence he sent Alfonso de Albuquerque with 4 Sail to Moçambique because he designed against some places on the Coast of Melinde whilst he with 3 Ships went round to Matatana where was Clove Ginger and Silver One of Tristan's Ships was lost the Pilot and only seven men saved this forced him to Steer for Moçambique but the Wind carryed him to the Island Angoxa At night he discovered the Light of the Ship St. Iames which he had left at Moçambique whither they both returned and soon after arrived Iohn de Nova who had wintered in Angoxa laden with Pepper Hence he sailed after meeting Alfonso de Albuquerque and sending him before to Melinde He met two other Ships at Quiloa and went on to Melinde The King obliged him to fall upon Oja a City that with the assistance of the King of Monbaça infested him The Arabs inhabited this Country where are seen some antient and wonderful Structures Each City and almost Village has a King whom they call â—…eque the Chief are Quiloa Zanzibar and Monbaça but he of Melinde pretends to be the antientest deducing his Pedegree from those of Quitaâ—… a City 18 Leagues from him though ruined shews the footsteps of its former Grandeur having been superiour to all its Neighbours which are Luziva Parimunda Lamon Iaca Oja and others The Country is watered by the River Gulimanja George Alfonso going up this River in the term of five days saw on the Banks impenetrable Woods and in the water an infinite number of Sea-Horses Tristan de Cunna with seven Ships less than he brought from Portugal whereof one lost some were separated by Storm and others sent away appeared before the City Oja 17 Leagues from Melinde on an open Shoar secured with a Wall which hides it from the Cafres towards the Land He sent word to the Xeque he had important affairs to communicate with him Who answered That he was a Subject of the Soldan of Cayre head Calif of the House of Mahomet and therefore could not treat with People that were so much his Enemies Tristan considering the danger of delays as soon as day appeared divided his men into two parts in Boats one part commanded by Alfonso de Albuquerque the other by himself And though the Sea seemed to favour the Moors who stood on the Shoar to hinder our landing they were forced to flie to the shelter of the Walls and not trusting to them entred at one Gate and run out at the other Nunno de Cunna and Alfonso de Noronha finding the King fled with many of his men to a Wood of Palm-trees pursued and killed him in the midst of them George Silveyra perceiving a Grave Moor who led a Beautiful Young Woman through a Path in the Wood made at him and the Moor making signs to the Woman to flie whilst they fought she followed him signifying she had rather die or be taken with him than escape alone and Sylveyra seeing them strive who should give the greatest demonstrations of Love let them both go away saying God forbid my Sword should part so much love The Town taken was plundered and then burnt with such precipitation that some of our men perished in the flames The City Lamo 15 Leagues distant knowing what had hapned to its Neighbour submitted to the Portugueses and to make it the more acceptable the Xeque came to make the submission and offer a Tribute of 600 Meticales of Gold yearly and paid the first year in hand Meticales are a Coin of about a Ducate value each The Fleet went on to the City Brava a populous place before conquered but in rebellion and vain-glorious now with 6000 armed men it exposed on the Shoar But Cunna and Albuquerque next day landed in two Bodies and in spight of Showers of Arrows Darts and Stones scaled the Walls and routed the Moors after washing the Streets with their Blood and killing so many their number was not known of ours 42 were lost not half by the Sword but through Covetousness for overloading a Boat with the Spoil they were drowned with it These were they who blind with Avarice barbarously cut off the Hands and Ears of Women to take off their Bracelets and Earings to save time in taking them off 3. The City Burnt and Plundered Tristan de Cunna set sail and met off of Cape Guardafu Alvaro Tellez who had been in a
Fort of Chaul is seated in about 18 deg of N. Lat. on the Bank of a River not twelve Miles from the Mouth of it There were in it but fifty Horse and a small number of Foot The first bold Action done here was by Sebastian Gonzales de Alvelos who passing over a small Creek alone challenged any of that number of Enemies and none durst answer him Then Alexander de Sousa went over with fifteen Horse to discover the Enemy and stayed so long till 5000 came upon them among which they killed a considerable Officer At this time Faretecan was marching down the Mountain Gate with 8000 Horse a great number of Foot and twenty Elephants he sat down before Chaul and began to plant Cannon 4. Faretecan desiring to do somewhat before his Prince came set the Castles upon the Elephants and tied Syths to their Trunks to give an Assault All turned to his Loss for he was repulsed by Sea and Land and forced to retire as far as the Church de la Madre de Dios or Mother of God where his men rallied 5. Here it is said some Miracles were seen as that a Bullet hitting a Souldier on the hand rebounded from it as a Ball struck with a Racket The fight lasted three hours with great slaughter of Mores and loss of three Portugueses 6. The Enemy having lodged themselves about the Town it was thought convenient to demolish all the Buildings that were any thing distant Nothing remarkable happened till after December Some Mores being then gathering Fruit in an Orchard Nunno Vello went out with five Soldiers and killing one of them others came on still till they made up Six thousand and ours encreased to two hundred who behaved themselves with such bravery they drove that multitude killing One hundred and eighty with the loss of two 7. Nizamaluco came before Chaul in the beginning of Ianuary with the rest of his Army which now together consisted of 34000 Horse 100000 Foot 16000 Pioniers 4000 Smiths Masons and other Trades of sundry Nations as Turks Coraçons Persians and Ethiopians 360 Elephants an infinite number of Bufalos and Oxen and forty pieces of Cannon most of a prodigious bigness some carrying Balls of 100 some 200 and even 300 weight and had Names answerable as Cruel Butcher Devourer Orlando Furioso and the like Thus 150000 Men so well provided planted themselves before a Town that had only a single Wall a Fort like a House and a handful of Men. Faretecan lodged himself in the Vicar's House near the Chapel of the Mother of God with 7000 Horse and twenty Elephants Agalascan in the House of Iames Lopez with 6000 Horse Ximirican between that and upper Chaul with 2000 so the City was beset from Sea to Sea At the same time 4000 Horse ravaged the Lands of Baçaim The King took his Quarters at the farther end of the Town thus the space of two Leagues was covered with Tents 8. The Portuguesâ—…s at first being but few and the Works inconsiderable had no particular Posts but were wherever the danger threatned Soon after the News of the danger of Chaul being spread abroad many Gentlemen flocked thither with supplies of Men so that in a little time there were 2000 Men in the Town It was resolved to maintain the Monastery of St. Francis and it was committed to Alexander de Sousa Some Houses were also judged fit to be defended Nuno Alvarez Pereyra with forty Men had those on the Shore those between the Misericordia and St. Dominick D. Gonçalo de Meneses others near Nunno Vello Pereyra and so in other Places 9. Mean while it was generally voted at Goa that Chaul ought to be abandoned but the Viceroy resolutely opposed and was seconded by Ferdinand de Sousa de Castellobranco He immediately sent thither D. Duarte de Lima and Ferdinand Tellez de Meneses with their two Gallies and some Men in four other Vessels Let us see what was done at Chaul whilst they are under Sail. 10. Nimirican had promised Nizamaluco he would be the first man should enter the Town in order thereto he vigorously attacks the Posts of Henry de Betancor and Ferdinand Pereyra de Miranda They bravely made good their Ground and being reliev'd repulsed him killing Three hundred of his Men seven of ours were lost The Enemy turn their Cannon upon the Monastery of St. Francis where we had some Pieces and both sides striving to burst or dismount the opposite Guns the Gunners were so dextrous that Bullets were seen to meet by the way On the Eve of St. Sebastian a Party of ours sallied upon some Houses where the Mores had fortified themselves and killed a great number without losing one Man 11. Nizamaluco enraged at the last repulse desired Revenge and that same night attacks the Fort of St. Francis with Five thousand Men. The Mores thought to surprize ours but were soon undeceived by the Execution done among them The attack lasted very furious the space of five hours The Portugueses suspected the Enemy worked under the Wall and could not see by reason of the darkness but Christopher Curvo three several times put half his Body out of a Window with a lighted Torch in one hand and a Buckler in the other to discover what was doing The noise was very great and those in the City fearing for those that were assaulted sent them Relief though with great hazard The Morning discovered the Fort stuck with Arrows and under it above Three hundred Mores slain without the loss of one Portugues 12. Next day the Enemy repeated the Assault and continued it five days with great resolution with as great bravery were they received by the Portugueses who often fallying covered the Field with dead Bodies and took several Colours However it was at last judged expedient to quit that Fort and withdraw the Men into the City lest the losing of it should prove more prejudicial than the defending it could avail Seventeen Men were killed in it One of these being on a high place to give notice when the Enemy fired their Cannon said to those that were below If they should now fire Raspadillo that was a Cannon eighteen Foot long so called without doubt they would send me all in pieces to sup with Iesus Christ to whom l commend my self for the Gun points at me Scarce had he spoke the words when he was torn in pieces by a Ball from that Cannon 13. The Mores being possessed of the Fort and Monastery of St. Francis fired a whole Street but attempting to gain some Houses lost Four hundred Men. Three of them challenged a like number of ours who thinking it a disparagement to answer them upon equal terms only two went out which were Gomez Freyre and Luis del Valle who carried a great Hanger The Mores refused the odds and one of them withdrew Valle with the advantage of the Hanger overcame his Adversary and then assisted Freyre to kill the other So both sides might
follows is more His Men seeing the Portugueses come loaded with Riches advised him to make use of that Opportunity and not show too much Weakness or Pity And he fearing lest Covetousness should make them Disobedient laboured with soft Expressions and sweet Words to disswade them from their wicked Design 12. They all submitted themselves to their Officer's Reasons and with kind Usage much comforted the Disconsolate Portugueses who continued there till Alibec being gone they returned to Mascate always relating and admiring how honourably that Moor treated them without suffering the least wrong to be offered to their Persons or Goods 13. The News of the Ruine of Mascate being brought to Ormuz The Commander D. Gonçalo de Meneses caused the Gallies to be closely watched and Ships to be fitted out immediately to follow them He made Luis de Almeyda Commander in chief giving him a Galleon a Galley and six other vessels with Four hundred good Men. But he not observing the Orders of Meneses that were to follow the Galleys fell into the Coast of the Naytaques where they intended to Surprize the beautiful and rich City Pesani But Francis Machado having given the Alarm by falling upon some People that were passing in two Boats the Inhabitants all fled 14. They plundered the City without Honour or Danger and after burnt it and near Fifty Sail that were in the Bay The very same Fate attended the City Guadel not inferior to Pesani and that of Teis of the Abindos a barbarous and fierce Nation the last of Gedrosia on the Banks of the River Calamen the People of it join with the Naytaques in their Piracies 15. All these Things were begun though not absolutely transacted when D. Francis de Mascarennas arrived in India with the Title of Viceroy being the first sent by our first King Philip who was second of Spain Ferdinand Tellez left the Government in a peaceable Condition and the Sea of Goa well furnished with good Ships He was the last Governor appointed by the Portugues Authority in Number the Thirtieth held it Six Months the First of the Name and Fourth of the Sirname The End of the Third Part. THE PORTUGUES ASIA TOM II. PART IV. CHAP. I. Of the Gods Surpestitions and Opinions of the Asiaticks particularly the Indians and among them the Malabars 1. I Have purposely omitted giving so particular an Account and Description of the People and Countries mentioned in this History as will be expected from me to avoid interrupting the series of Affairs and connexion of Matter reserving it still for a more proper place The grand Revolution of the Kingdom of Portugal now brought under a foreign Prince puts a Period to the Proceedings of our own that we may begin again with what was transacted under our new Sovereigns Here then it will not be amiss to give the Curious the Satisfaction of some further Information touching the Indians Ethiopians Chineses and Iapans but still with my usual brevity dividing among them this Fourth Part of this Second Volume As Asia is divided into several Empires so it is inhabited by many very different sorts of People and each People distinguished by very opposite Customs Yet those that are of one Belief agree in the essential Part though they differ in Form It is so in India as well as any other considerable Portion of the World and therefore the Malabars one of the Nations thereof may inform us of the Religion and Government of all the rest 2. As to the Frame of the World they believe it had a beginning and will have an end but then begin again and in that manner will be everlasting that all things after having encreased diminish that in the beginning as One thousand and Animals were produced One thousand died but now for One thousand produced One thousand and one die that the reason why more die is because the heat of the Sun increases that in the end a violent Wind shall dissolve all things that nothing shall then remain but the Deity Ixoreta as in the first Chaos that he shall be reduced to the bigness of an Egg and this to the quantity of a Dew drop scarce discernable that after it has sounded like a Cricket it shall increase by the same measure it diminished and shall produce within it self the five Elements for they reckon the Heaven the fifth that their increasing shall burst the Egg in the middle that there shall appear in it seven shels put together like an Onion that the Egg being divided into two unequal parts the biggest will be the Heavens and the lesser the Earth that the Gods were and shall be so formed again The Egg being open the Deity will be placed in the upper part on the Earth will appear a Mountain of Silver on the top whereof will be seen the instruments of Generation which they call the true Ixoreta or Deity the true God and Causa Causarum because all things in the World proceed from the Union of the instruments of Generation therefore they particularly adore the noblest that it is the Male and place its Image in their Pagods and on their ways This they reign to have three Rines from which proceed the three Gods Bramá Vistâ—… and Givem or Ixora 4. Of the superior and inferior productions this is their Opinion Ixora with this instrument of Generation which was of a prodigious bigness plowed up the Earth for the space of Seven hundred thousand loxenas each of these when greatest is four Leagues and when least a League and a halfe from the Furrows sprung seven Seas and seven Lands the ridges were the Mountains the furrows the Vales and Waters Then from Ixoras back came the Woman called Cbati this has some resemblance with Eve's being made of Adams Rib and was separated from it by virtue of some words and they resolved to have copulation The length of the Generating Instrument called Linga wherewith Ixora had plowed the Ground hindred he cut it into eighteen pieces whereof were made the Weapons they use as the Spear Sword Bow and Buckler Then Ixora with his Finger opened the way of Generation in Chati which shed much Blood he received it in his Hands and throwing it up into the Air suddenly of it were produced the Sun Moon Stars Roses Flowers Sweet-herbs and Snakes which they use in their Ceremonies both being then fit for Copulation by them the World was Peopled the Beasts and Devils produced and Heaven filled with Spirits which they say are Thirty three Millions 5. The Heaven is fixt upon the Earth not the Earth the Center of it The Sun and Moon move like the Fish in the Water by Day from East to West by Night they run about the Northward not under the Earth but along the edge of the Horrizon they doubt whether the Earth be supported upon a Bulls-horns or upon the Snake called Ananta their Paradize is in some Mountain The Snake Bassagui fighting with the Wind would not let it
covering Plates there laid up there are nine Boats of Gold set with rich Stones each big enough to contain three Men the same number of Kettles of the same Matter each deep enough to hide the Bramene with the Idol upon his Head many Pots Peacocks and Cocks of Gold and Silver and an infinite quantity of Coâ—… These are useless Vessels those that are of use and the same Metal are kept more at hand At the entrance of the Pagod hangs a Gold Candlestick so big no Man can lift it from the ground and with the continual smoak looks like Ebony Several Idols and Candlesticks that stand before the principal Idol are of the same Metal In fine the Treasure is unmeasurable if we may believe a Bramene who turned Christian and had many good Qualities that show he merited Credit 4. The Revenues of this Pagod are incredible and very many live on them The enclosure is of Marble six Yards high and above one in thickness it is about half a League from the Shore a beautiful Way leading to it At each of the wonderful Gates can enter at once four Elephants with all their Furniture It is guarded by 1000 armed Men The Coast is dangerous which secures many great Men who keep their Treasures there 5. The Pagod called Comori from which that famous Point of Land takes name is also remarkable Comori Pagod signifies The Church of the Virgin It is like the other in Structure but not in Riches because they trust them not there since our Fleets Sail upon those Coasts The Pagod is dedicated to a Virgin Daughter to a Shepherdess that was changed for a Son of Davagni Sister to the Giant Maveli who killed all her Children because he was told one of them would be his Death He thought to kill this Virgin and she giving him a kick flew through the Air into the Desert to the place where the Pagod now stands on the Shore having been formerly 60 Leagues from the Sea She after flew a great Giant by the help of the God Vistnu and set his Head on a Rock that now appears in the Sea and is above 400 Fathom round In the very place where the Virgin sate after this Victory was erected the Pagod 6. The Pagod of Trivate is more ancient than that of Rettora but poor having been plundred by the Nayque of Madure It is not much frequented This Temple was instituted in memory of the Giant Naragecoguerpoli who by destroying the World provoked the God Vistnu and still came to Life again though overcome and killed by him Vistnu to end the dispute laid him on the ground and sate down upon him This is what is represented in the Pagod 7. That of upper Cranganor has an Idol on whose Head one of the Bramenes gives several strokes of a hammer every day For they think if this were not done he would by this time touch the Stars with his head In the Frontispiece are several Images in the Portugues Habit whence is concluded either that Work was finished after their arrival or such a Habit was formerly used there 8. That of Canari in the Island Salsete is bigger than all the others and exceeds them in sumptuousness of building It seems to have taken the name from some Builder of that Country or from Canara King of Bisnagar the grandure of the Work requiring so great a Founder It is dug out of a Mountain that looks like one solid Stone and is black Marble The Body is very high the Isles low but altogether of a vast bigness somewhat dark as dug out of the middle of a Mountain Among at least 3000 Habitations that are cut out about it with each a Cistern by the Door there are some large Rooms and one of an extraordinary bigness in which 't is said are read Lectures of all Sciences We have already spoke in the Second Chapter of the Second Part of this Tome of the Way cut under this Mountain said to run as far as Cambaya of the Franciscan that attempted to discover that Secret and the Princes that are believed to have made it 9. The Pagod of Maliassa is in the same Island At the foot of a Mountain is a Portal of a moderate bigness The two Pillars that support it are in the Shape of Giants well carved There are other Figures like those of Angels among Christians This leads into a large Porch and on the left hand is the Gate of the Pagod through which the Water runs Then follows a great Apartment after that other little ones and then a strait way all dug out of the solid Mountain 10. The Pagod called of the Elephant because the Figure of one stands upon a Rock at the entrance of it is in one of the many Islands of the River Bombaim between Bacaim and Chaul It is like the others in that it is cut out of a Mountain but exceeds them much in curious work The first entrance is into a spacious Room supported by vast Pillars in the form of Giants curiously carved It has three Isles The Pillars are all composed of Figures of the same height as the Temple On one of them is the Giant Briareus with his hundred Hands on another the God they call Mahamurte who has three Faces to one Body on his Head a Pontifical Mâ—…tre though of Marble wrought to admiration In a Chapel is the Angel turning our first Parents out of Paradice Paâ—…ipbae and the Bull are there also On one of the Walls is a sort of Altar and over it are carved many wild Beasts the most remarkable one with seven Heads Some Soldiers attempted to enter an Apartment that is very dark and being fearful took Lights but were drove out by a multitude of Bats that were frighted at the Light There are Galleries with rich carved Work of Men and Women most of them in very immodest Actions and Postures This they say was the Choire of their Ceremonies Their are other Buildings to be admired for their Greatness and Structure and two remarkable Sepulchres 11. To conclude the Pagod dedicated to the Monkey is so great that only the Cloister in which they shut up the Cattle designed for Sacrifices has 700 Columes of Marble nothing inferior to those of the Roman Pantheon CHAP. V. Of the Officers Rites Ceremonies Burials and other things 1. EVery Pagod has a Cook who dresses the Rice that is offer'd for himself for the Idol and for those who offer The last divide their share with their Neighbors who esteem it as a Holy thing A great Poet of theirs laughs at them for offering more Food to the statue seeing it has not Eaten the last and they answer though he does not Eat he smels it 2. The Kings and Nobles every Day use a ceremony called Tevaram that is Divine Ceremony which is with many Prayers to offer Rice Coco and Butter all burnt in honour of their golden Idols of which they have a number answerable to their
concluded little to our advantage which the Common Vogue I know not whether Infallible attributed to Covetousness 2. Ruy Lorenço de Tavora Commander of Bazaim was close shut up in his Fort by the Forces of the King of Cambaia who were Masters of the Field after having done all that could be expected from him The Vice-Roy sent to his Relief Tristan de Ataide late Commander of Malaca with a Galeon and 3 Barques well Manned The two being joyned repulsed the Enemy with very considerable loss of Men Baggage and Reputation Mean while the Vice-Roy prosecuted the Works at Diu and sent Martin Alfonso de Melo to Command at Ormuz Peter de Faria to Malaca the second time and Michael Ferreyra a Gentleman of Worth 70 years of Age with 12 small Vessels and 400 Men to assist the King of Cota in Ceylon against his Brother Madune Pandar King of Ceitavaca who distressed him Ferreira did great damage in several Towns abandoned by the Inhabitants In the Port of Putulam he surprized Pate Marcar's Fleet consisting of 16 Paraos and easily gained them and with the same Success carried the Works and Cannon ashoar though defended by 2000 Men. He Anchored in the Bay of Columbo with the Ships Cannon and other Booty Then he marched to Cota thence towards Ceitavaca at the head of the Army of the King he Relieved destroying all before him and seeking Madune who had 6000 Men saw them fly to the shelter of the Woods Thence he sent to beg Peace which was granted upon Condition he should send the Heads of some Morish Officers especially Patè and Cunale Marcar He opposed this Condition as much as he could but there being no other Medium to appease his Adversary consented and killing them two and others sent 9 Heads upon as many Spears a Present so acceptable to Ferreyra that he presently made Peace between him and Cota and went off himself with Honour 3. The same time the Vice-Roy sent Ferdinand de Morales with a great Galeon laden on the Kings account to Trade at Pegu. As soon as arrived at that Port the King won him with Promises and Favours to aid him against the King of Brama who invaded that Country with such a Power that the two Armies consistssed of two Millions of Men and 10000 Elephants Morales went into a Galliot and Commanding the Fleet of Pegu made great havock among the Enemies Ships Brama came on by Land like a Torrent carrying all before him and his Fleet covering the River though as great as Ganges With this Power he easily gained the City and Kingdom of Pegu. Ferdinand Morales met the Fleet with his in respect of the other scarce visible at the Point Ginamarreca where was a furious bloody and desperate Fight But the Pegu's overpowred by the Brama's deserted Morales who alone in his Galeot maintained himself against the Enemies performing Wonders with vast slaughter of them till oppressed by the Multitude he was killed But the memory of his Bravery still lives among those People 4. The cause of this Revolt of Brama who was Tributary to Pegu was this Above 30000 Brama's laboured in the King of Pegu's Works this being one Condition of their Vassalage The King used to Visit them with his Women because they delighted to see Foreigners and the notable Works and never carried any other Company The Labourers what Wickedness would not they in Idleness invent who thought so much in their Labour resolved to rob the Queens or Concubins and suddenly murdered the King stripped them and fled to their Country Dacha Rupi Heirto the deceased was not only deprived of Means of Revenging this Villany but even of maintaining himself for many of his Subjects rebelled Parà Mandarà King of the Brama's desiring to enlarge his Empire and seeing that his Pickaxes and Shovels had opened a Way to his Cimiters and Standards rushes out with that Violence and over-runs the Kingdoms of the Lanjoes Laos Iangoma's and others that like his were Tributaries to Pegu. Thus this Tyrant possessed himself of his ancient Kingdom of Ava that extends two Months Travel at ordinary Journeys and contains 62 Cities On the N. E. a Months Journey is that of the Turks containing as many Cities which the King of Pegu had taken from him of Cathay The Kingdom of Bimir lies West of Ava of the same extent and has 27 populous Cities North of this that of Lanjam of equal greatness has 38 Cities and great store of Gold and Silver On the East is that of Mamprom as great but has only 8 Cities on the East it borders on Cochinchina on the South with Siam afterwards conquered by Brama and East of this is the great Kingdom of Cambodia All the Inhabitants of these Kingdoms are Pagans and the most Superstitious of all the East They believe in one only God but in time of need have recourse to many Idols Of these they have some dedicated to the secret acts and necessities of Nature in the same form they are performed They hold the Immortality of the Soul are zealous in giving Alms and bear great Reverence to their Religious Men. These are very numerous follow a Rule and keep a Choir much like ours they live upon what is given them that day without keeping any thing for the next they eat neither Fish nor Flesh because they kill nothing that has Life their Cloaths are yellow Cassocks and Cloaks with Hats of oiled Paper they observe Lent and Easter after the Christian manner Whence may be inferred That these are some Remains of the Doctrine of St. Thomas the Apostle though mixed with many Errors The People are all white the Women very beautiful Their Bodies are all wrought Blue with hot Irons down to the Knees In general they are not only not Civilized but very Brutal 5. The Vice-Roy being at Goa D. Iohn de Albuquerque a Spaniard presented him King Iohn's Patent by which all the Conquests from the Cape of Good Hope to India were made subject to his Diocess with liberty to erect the Church of St. Catherine of that City into a Cathedral The Patent was obeyed and thus a Spaniard was the first Prelate of the Conquests as if Spain had now taken the Power in Spirituals it was afterwards to possess in Temporals At this time the Guzaratas streightned Ruy Lorenco de Tavora in Baçaim He sallies with 350 Men and put them to the rout Coje Zofar comes on with his Men and puts him into a dangerous condition George de Lima Commander of Chaul having Notice hereof sent 100 Men with speed with which assistance the Enemy was repulsed and time given to repair the damage received 6. Four Ships arrived in India from Portugal to return with Merchandize In one of them the Great Antony de Sylveyra imbarqued The Flag-Ship perished in her Return and was never heard of but Silveyra arrived safe at Lisbon and had scarce Anchored when the Great Men of the Court came aboard to Conduct him
Horse and about 400 Blacks Hearing the Enemy was lodged in the Village Baylam two Leagues up the Country he resolved to surprize him at Noon when they use to Bathe Half a League from the place he halted to Rest the Men and the Enemy having Intelligence thereof came on with such diligence and secrecy that they had put them to the Sword had not Ferdinand de Silva who led the Van with much Bravery given a check to their Fury Antony de Sotomayor relieved him already wounded in the Leg was himself wounded and lost some Men but did great Execution This gave Tavora time to make ready whose furious coming up made great havock Our Men turning Back to Back and facing the Enemy round did Wonders Ruy Lorenço with his Horse ranging about did them great harm till falling on their Flank many were slain the rest fled without hopes 4. Next he resolved to take a Great Ship of Bramaluco's that was newly finished in the Dock of Agaçaim He marched thither by Land and D. Luis de Ataide went by Water The latter by force of Arms made his way to the City at such time as the other was reducing it to Ruins breaking through a Multitude of Enemies who endeavoured to stop his Fury each of them lost six Men. D. Luis Landed and both together cleared the Field unpeopled the City and then set Fire to it The Ship was carried to the Port of Baçaim and for many years Traded to Lisbon Bramaluco sued for Peace and he being a suspected Subject of Cambaya our Governour treated with that King and by this means secured the former Peace and obtained a Grant of half the Customs whereof only the Third part was offered before 5. Let us now return to the Fleet in which the Governour was to sail His great Liberality brought him more Men than he desired whereof he chose the best The Fleet consisted of 80 Sail of sundry sorts and sizes and carried two Thousand Men. 6. While this Fleet was fitting the King of Achem falling upon the King of the Bataas unexpectedly made a great slaughter of his People killing among the rest three Sons he rather adored than loved The King desirous of Revenge sent his Brother-in-Law Embassadour to Peter de Faria then Commanding at Malaca The Embassy was to confirm the Peace before concluded and desire assistance of Arms and Ammunition and the better to obtain it sent him a rich Present and offered a free Trade in his Dominions which abound in Gold Pepper Benjamin and Camphir Faria who was intent upon Profit as well as his King's Service plentifully supplied him with Arms and Ammunition offering his utmost assistance and entertaining the Embassadour with splendour The King of Bataa attacked his Enemy with Resolution but was beaten after having almost gained the Victory and retired with great Grief to his City Panaaju Here he dispatched Pinto sent thither by Faria to Trade who narrowly escaped being lost in the River Parles of the Kingdom of Queda by reason of the Revolution had then hapned in the City of that Name the Court of that Prince who had murdered his Father and married his own Mother The first he denyed and pretended he had done the latter in Honour to her having refused many considerable Matches Pinto brought News of the Island del Oro or of Gold the great motive of his Voyage 7. But now our Governour enters the Red Sea with his Fleet. He found most of the Islands and Cities abandoned the People having had notice of his coming The chief Island was Maçua The principal City Suanquem in about 19 Degrees of North Latitude well built and rich The King who was fled a League up the Country entertained the Governour with shews of Peace that he might not destroy the Island But the greatest damage was that hereby he prevented the burning the Ships at Suez gaining so much time as carried thither the News of this Design The Governour in Revenge marched with his Brother D. Christopher and 1000 Men made a great slaughter was Master of the Field and took a great Booty Then turning to the City it was plundered and private Men got four or five thousand Ducats each then it was burnt to the ground The Waters being shoal the Governour resolved to go over to Alcoçer and other places with only sixteen Catures or Barges the rest of the Fleet he sent to Maçua under the Command of Lionel de Lima. There was a great dispute about who should go with D. Stephen and he had much difficulty to compose it They set out of the Bay for this Reason called De los Agraviados or Of the Offended Many Gentlemen went in the Barges as private Souldiers accepting any place so they were admitted such was their desire to be in this Action The number of Men was Two hundred and fifty At Alconçer which is in the Latitude of 25 Degrees they did the same as had been done before at Suanquem Crossing over to Tor or Toro they took some Vessels of the Enemy The Turks at first opposed the Landing but some being slain fled and abandoned the City in which nothing of Value was found The Governour would not burn it in reverence of St. Catharine and a Monastery found there with Religious Men under her Invocation which at their Instance he visited To his great glory he was the first European Commander that took that City where he Knighted several who held this Honour done them there in great esteem and it was afterwards envied by the Great Emperour Charles the Fifth as shall appear in its place Our People and those Religious testified great Regret at parting They are of the Greek Church and of the Order of St. Basil. The City is in the Latitude of 28 Degrees and is thought by Learned Geographers to be the ancient Elana 8. The Governour went over to Suez and after many brave Attempts made by several to sound and view the Harbour which all failed he resolved in Person and in open Day to discover the Gallies He saw them and desiring to do something considerable Landed the Enemies Shot flew from the Town and 2000 Turkish Horse broke out of an Ambush some few whereof were killed by our Canon but our Men obliged to Retire much grieved that this Voyage was disappointed The Governour returned to his Fleet at Maçua where he found the Severity of Emanuel de Gama had caused a Mutiny which gave occasion to 80 Men to run away with a Ship designing to go over to Ethiopia They were met by a Captain of the King of Zeila and after a vigorous Resistance most of them killed On a Gallows hung five whom Gama had Executed for concealing the design of the other 80 they at Execution summoned him to answer before the great Tribunal and he within a Month run Mad and died CHAP. IV. Goes on with the Government of D. Stephen de Gama 1. AT this time Grada Hamed King of the Country called
struck him out of his Books never to â—…e received into Service This also was put in execution Almeyda's Crime was That he had seemed to undervalue the Kings Favour refusing some Grace offered him The Vice-Roy was concerned that the differences between the Kings of Pimienta and Cochiâ—… grew daily greater Towards the End of November the Vice-Roy sailed with a good Fleet to assist the latter who was our Friend He was met at Sea by D. Iames de Noronha and his Fleet with whom came Gonçalo Pereyra Marramaque who was received with much Joy for his great Bravery in the late Action with the Turks It was agreed after some Consultation to land in the Islands called Alagada's belonging to the King of Pimienta The Natives in crowds opposed our Men landing with showers of Arrows but the Cannon made way After a vigorous Resistance all was destroyed with Fire and Sword only one Man was lost on our side 12. Gomes de Silva was left to prosecute the War which he did so successfully that the King sued for Peace which was concluded to our advantage and he was satisfied with the restitution of the Islands his Wife and the People taken in them The Vice-Roy dispatched the Ships for Portugal That of Ferdinand Alvarez Cabral was Cast-away at Aguada de S. Blas some of the Men got ashoar in Boats After a tedious Journey by Land Cabral and D. Alvaro de Noronha with his Family were drowned in a River The Vice-Roy sent his Son D. Ferdinand with a good Fleet to the Red-Sea He attempted to gain the Fort of Dofar but was repulsed with loss of seven or eight Men so he returned without any effect 14. At Diu arose New Troubles on account of the death of the King Sultan Manaud He was bred with Poison like Mithridates that none might hurt him When his Women were near their time he opened them to take out the Children He was one day hunting a Deer with some of them and falling off from his Horse hung by the Stirrup the Horse dragged him and one of the Women running cut the Girts with a Cimiter in requital he killed her saying A Woman of such courage had enough to kill him A Page in whom he had great confidence murdered him for Tyrants always dye by the hands of those they trust A Child accounted his Son succeeded him The Nobility offended at the Insolence of Madre Maluco who with the Title of Governour managed the Affairs of the Crown rebelled in several parts One of these was Abixcan at Diu who suffering his Men to Affront ours obliged D. Iames de Almeyda to enter the City with Five hundred Men killing a great number and plundering their Houses Abixcan though late saw his Error and came to Composition and was afterwards more submissive than had been at first desired of him 14. D. Iames de Noronha succeeded Almeyda in that Post in pursuance of the Kings Order before-mentioned The Moors forgetting their Fault and the Punishment they had incurred relapsed again Noronha with Six hundred Men so refreshed their Memories that they abandoned the City Cide Elal who Commanded in the Castle that was in the City offered to defend himself but seeing our Men begin to scale it submitted to march away without Arms. The Castle was demolished Scarce was it done when Abixcan appeared with Four hundred Men. Ferdinand de Castanoso advanced to meet him with One hundred and twenty but Three hundred of the Enemies Horse obliged him to retire in such disorder that on a sudden he found he had but seventeen Men left He posted himself where the Horse could not come and the Three hundred Enemies dismounting beset the 18 who back to back defended themselves till they were all killed their Hearts cut out and carried to the General 15. D. Iames de Norona marched on with the rest of the Men ignorant of what had happened but so impatient to engage with Abixcan that he could no way be dissuaded from pressing forward Meeting the Three hundred Horse he fell on furiously and put them to flight but Abixcan coming on with his Cannon D. Iames was forced to retire rather losing than gaining Reputation in this Action Common Conveniency brought them to an Accommodation Noronha this day lost by his Rashness what he often deserved for his Valour for the Factor endeavouring to stop his fury and saying to him He ought to consider the King's Fort would be lost He Answered in a Passion No matter when I am gone all is gone This saying was remembred when he was in election to be Vice-Roy of India and deprived him of that Post because it was thought so great a Trust could not with safety be reposed upon so rash a Man 16. The Great Turk hearing Miradobec was come off worse than the Unfortunate Pirbec and Alechelubij making great boast of what he would do gave him the Command of fifteen Galleys D. Ferdinand who was come out of the Red-Sea went after them On the 25th of August he had sight of them near Mascate Alechelubij not daring to give Battle endeavoured to get off with all his Galleys but six of them could not escape being taken by our Caravels 17. D. Ferdinand put into Mascate refitted the Galleys bought the Slaves and appointed them Captains Alechelubij pursued by some of our Vessels was drove into Suratt with seven of his nine Galleys and there shut up by D. Hierome de Castellobranco Nuno de Castro and D. Emanuel Mascarenhas The other two were pursued by D. Ferdinand de Monroy and Antony Valadares till they were beaten to pieces on the Coast of Damam and Daru 18. But because one is coming to succeed our Vice-Roy let us say somewhat of him He was modest easie and not active which was the Cause his Government answered not expectation As to his Person he was of a middle Stature a graceful Countenance and agreeable Behaviour his Complexion swarthy his Hair black In the number of Vice-Roys he was the 5th in that of Governours the 17th and held it four years the second of the Name and Sirname CHAP. XI The Government of the Vice-Roy D. Peter de Mascarenhas from the Year 1554 till 1555 King JOHN the Third still Reigning 1. DOn Peter de Mascarenhas was of one of the best Families of Portugal and had born the most considerable Offices in the Kingdom and was 70 years of Age when named Vice-Roy of India He set out of Lisbon with six Ships one of them was drove back and that in which he went as soon as he Landed at Goa sunk downright In these Ships were Two thousand Land-men The first thing the Vice-Roy did he appointed his Nephew Ferdinand Martinez Admiral to the great dissatisfaction of all Men. Martinez had 32 Sail given him and Orders to bring to Goa the 7 Turkish Galleys that were blocked up at Suratt Cáraçen Commander of that place would not permit it and gave good sufficient Reasons for his refusing so by
this last left about Four hundred of his Men on that Shoar and in his Long-Boat got to Goa These Four hundred who were left built a small Vessel and arrived at Cochim In the other Ships went the Bishop D. Belchior Carnero a Jesuit and some other Religious Men sent by the Pope to the Emperour of Ethiopia D. Alvaro de Silveyra was now made Admiral of a Fleet of 21 Sail provided for the Sea of Calicut and against the Queen of Olala who refused to pay her Tribute He over-run all those Coasts with Fire and Sword destroying many Towns and Ships and all things that stood in the way particularly the City Mangalor and a sumptuous Pagod Zamori sensible of his Losses desired Peace which was concluded Silveyra returned Victorious 6. Let us return to Ceylon Tribuli Pandar having made his Escape as was related out of Prison fled to Balande Madune subtilly exasperates him against the Portugueses and sent him Six hundred Chingala's with whom and his other Men he was so succesful that he reduced the Towns of Paneture Caleture Maça Berberi Gale and Beligam to the last Extremities destroying our Churches and killing many Christians Converted by the Religious of St. Francis who first Preached there Now comes Alfonso Pereyra de Laçerda to take upon him this Command Madune who before had assisted Pandar now offers to aid Laçerda against him He accepts the Offer The King sent his Son Raju by the way of Caleture with an Army Laçerda sent Ruy Pereyra with Two hundred Men and Antony de Spinola with One hundred two other ways to assault the City Palandu where Tribuli was They beset the Town at one time and after a vigorous Resistance the Portugueses entred it the King fled his Wife was taken and many of his Men killed The Portugueses returned Victorious and Madune obtained one of the Ends he had proposed to himself which were either That the Portugueses should destroy Pandar or he them 7. The beginning of this Year sailed Iohn Peixoto with two Galleys for the Red-Sea to discover what was doing at Suez He found all quiet and being loath to return without doing something he Landed before Day in the Island Suanquem with the King whereof we were at Variance It being a dead time of Night he found all asleep and might say as a Prince who killed a Man that was sleeping that he left those Islanders as he found them for many were killed before they awaked others after The same fate befell the King in his Palace Peixoto returned to his Galliots carrying Slaves and Booty without receiving the least damage Next day keeping along the Coast he destroyed several Towns and returned to Goa having purchased as much Honour with two small Vessels as others with many He brought away F. Gonçalo Rodriguez whom he found at Arquico much dissatisfied that he had not prevailed with the Emperour of Ethiopia to admit of the Rites of the Church 8. The King of Baçora oppressed by the Turks made now the same Offers to the Governour he had done before to the Vice-Roy D. Alfonso de Noronha in case he would assist him to throw off the Turkish Yoak The Conditions were admitted and neither this time did it succeed for D. Alvaro de Silveyra going upon this Design with twenty Sail met not with the success he had the year before against the Malabars A terrible Storm so disabled him in that Port that he was not in a condition to attempt any thing a second time Michael Rodriguez Coutino prospered better going to the Lands of Salsete and Bardes against some Parties of Hidalcan who sought Revenge for our favouring Meale All the Sea-Ports were destroyed with Fire and Sword and many Ships perished He killed and took many Prisoners and returned with Honour and Riches to Goa The chief of the Booty was a great Ship of Meca taken at Dabul after a sharp engagement for there were Two hundred Moors in her who killed eight of our Men. 9. This Misfortune the more enraged Hidalcan and to mend it he sends a numerous Army into those same Lands The Governour set out with a strong Body to oppose him The War lasted all the Winter without any Action worthy relating In September arrived four Ships from Portugal in them went Ferdinand de Sousa and Castellobranco Embassadour to the Emperour of Ethiopia and F. Iohn Nunes Barreto Patriarch of that stubborn People His Companion was the Bishop Andrew de Oviedo who did nothing because the Emperour could not be reduced to change his Old Rites With these came to India F. Gonçalo de Sileyra to be Provincial he afterwards received the Crown of Martyrdom in Monomotapa All this shall be related in its proper place 10. The Governour set out to Visit our Forts in the North with a Fleet consisting of One hundred and fifty Sail of all sorts He gained the Mountain and Fort Azarim for a small purchase by the means of Coje Mahomet a Trusty Moor living at Bazaim This Mountain is not far from the City and rises very upright for the space of a League a little below the Top it is girt with a sort of Border standing out which renders it almost inaccessible the rest being very difficult of ascent It is kept by Threescore Men who need no other Arms to defend them but the Stones that lye there which rolled down the Passes must carry before them all that is in the way The Garrison lives upon the Top which is plain and almost round They light themselves with sticks of Wood that grow there and burns like a Torch with that odds that they cannot be quenched by Wind or Water 11. Antony Moniz Barreto was sent to take possession of this place he left there a Captain and 60 Portugueses and went on to take the Fort of Manora not far distant which the Inhabitants abandoned he left there George Manhans with 120 Men and returned to Bazaim where he found the Governour receiving an Embassy from the King of Cinde who desired Succour against a Tyrant that infested him We were desirous of this Prince's Friendship and thought fit to purchase it by Relieving him Seven hundred Men were sent to him in Twenty eight Vessels all Commanded by Peter Barreto Rolim 12. The Fleet arrived safe at Tatá the Court of the King of Cinde The Prince who was there visited Barreto and sent word of his Arrival to his Father who was absent in the Field He Answered desiring our Commander to wait till he Advised what was fit to be done Barreto stayed and soon after hearing the King was agreed with his Enemy without giving him notice he asked of the Prince leave to depart and that he would pay the Charge of the Fleet as was promised by the Embassadour The Answer was so little to satisfaction that Barreto landed his Men entred the City and in the Fury killed above Eight thousand Persons and destroyed by Fire the value of above two Millions of
sent the year before by King Emanuel entered not upon the Government till the twenty second of Ianuary of this year King Iohn III. being on the Throne whose Father died the thirteenth of December foregoing He brought with him twelve Ships Having taken the Government and sent the Commanders to their Posts he began to feel the effects of his Predecessors putting Portugues Officers into the Custom-House of Ormuz He received advice the Moors had taken Arms killed some Men and besieged the Fort. D. Luis his Brother was immediately sent with relief and Simon de Andre made Commander of Chaul who began his Charge with taking two Turkish Gallies and a Victory in Dabul which reduced that City to pay Tribute Melique Az. terrified with this Success and the arrival of D. Luis of whose Actions in Africk he was informed withdrew his Vessels from before Chaul 2. The Cause of D. Luis his going to Ormuz was the Insurrection which was occasioned by the avarice of the Portugues Officers there Iames Lopez had placed them there against his Will in Obedience to the King's Commands and at the persuasion of Men who loved Novelties and said the reason the Tribute of Ormuz was not well paid was that the Officers cheated the King to prevent which it was convenient to place Portugueses in their stead To the avarice used by the Portugueses was added the Violence they offered to the persons and honor of those people forcing their Daughters and Wives from them D. Garcia Coutino then commanded that Fort with whom that King conferred about sending a Present and Embassy to our King to obviate the Inconveniences that Innovation produced This Means was prevented and so it broke out to the great loss of the Portugueses For sudddenly by night they were attacked by Sea and Land with Fire and Sword at Ormuz Baharem Mascate Curiate and Soar by private Order from the King and above one hundred and twenty of them killed Ruy Boto was put to great Torments by the Moors in defence of the Faith At morning some of our Men died endeavouring to relieve others All things being disposed the best the time would permit and the Ships secured under the shelter of the Fort D. Garcia sent advice to the Governor Mean while he was besieged had two Vessels burnt and feared Hunger and Thirst. Tristan Vaz de Vega and Manuel de Sousa received advice hereof at Mascate and prepared to carry Relief Tristan Vaz arrived first and made his way to the Fort through one hundred and sixty Sail that lay before it Two days after appeared Manuel de Sousa's Ship at an anchor two Leagues off It was dangerous for the Fort to relieve him and dangerous for all if he was not relieved Tristan Vaz with his Ship ventured to his Aid through the hundred and sixty Sail of Enemies eighty of them pursued him making way with full Sails and Manuel de Sousa thinking him an Enemy did some harm till undeceived he was taken into the Ship The King of Ormuz in a rage lays a heap of Gold on one side and a heap of Womens Attire on the other the one for such as should take Tristan and Emanuel Prisoners the other â—…or such as behaved themselves not couragiously Some being covetous of the Reward and others fearful of the Disgrace they manned one hundred and thirty Vessels and set upon that one which through Showers of Bullets and Arrows made its way to the Fort and brought new Life to the besieged with the Relief it had on Board 3. The King of Ormuz began to despair of shaking off the Portugues Yoke and fearing the punishment of his Revolt executed one more grievous upon himself than he could have received from those he had offended He resolved to quit the City and go over to the Island Queixome which lies fifteen Leagues in length close to the Perâ—… Shoar and three Leagues from Ormuz is fruitful but not healthy Privately he commanded all the Inhabitants to follow him and then barbarously set fire to that beautiful City which was four Days and Nights burning And yet some Gentlemen from our Fort held intelligence with the King advising how he should behave himself with the next Governour to be restored and this they did in hopes to be inriched by him Our Men tho astonished at this brutal Action were delivered from the danger of the Siege and going out to see if any thing were left in the City only found Water in Cisterns and Fire in all the Houses Soon after came in a Ship from India with Provisions and another with Ammunition 4. D. Luis de Meneses sent by the Goververnor his Brother to Ormuz did nothing of Note by the way but arrived at the Town of Soar with ten Sail. This Town they destroyed with Fire and Sword and then gave it to Xecâ—… Hozem to hold of the King of Portugal Mean while his own Favourites murdered the King of Ormuz at Queixome and crowned Mamud Xa a Youth of thirteen years of Age Son to the late King 5. D. Luis arrived at Queixome and after several Designs that took no effect came to aâ—… Treaty with the new King It was agreed that the King should return to Ormuz that he should pay the former Tribute of twenty thousand Xeraphins and the Arrears due that the Portugues Commanders should not meddle with the Government of his City and to conclude all that King sent D. Luis a Present of Pearls Gold Jewels and Silks for our King and another for himself which he accepted not but to be sent with the other as was publickly done Then D. Luis dispatched three Ships for Goa which were to take lading there for Portugal One of them perished in a violent storm on the Coast of Mascate D. Luis followed soon after and came to Goa 6. He found the Governor his Brother and all the City in Tears for the Death of King Emanuel the News whereof was brought by one of three Ships that came from Portugal this year whereof two had wintered at Mozambique The Goverâ—…or went over to Cochin to dispatch the trading Ships for Portugal and other parts At this time D. Pedro de Castro was not idle at Mozambique for being informed by Iohn de Mata who commanded that Fort that the Island Querimba and the adjacent denied the Tribute to those of Zanzibar and Pemba whereby they were disabled from paying theirs to us he went to Querimba with an hundred Men and after a shaâ—…p Fight burnt the City and obliged the Lord of it to pay the Tribute the others terrified by this Example submitted At his return he wasi n great danger by Storms and Hunger and his Cousin D. Christopher killed by the Blacks who defended the Fruit of certain Trees which our Men were carried to taste by Hunger not Curiosity D. Diego de Melo went now with him to Goa D. Pedro's Ship being at an Anchor in that Port suddenly sunk down right being very old whereby it
Governor and began to act as such The first thing he did was to send Advice to Peter Mascarenas of his Election either that he was not yet so fond of the Government or rather to dissemble how fond he was of it Next he gave the Command of Goa to Antony de Silveyra de Meneses and sent Francis de Sa to the Island of Sunda whether he had been designed from Portugal giving him four hundred Men in six Ships Antony de Miranda Azevedo had fourteen to guard the Coast of India Manuel de Gama had nine for the Coast of Coromandel which he cleansed from Pyrats and retook a Ship of ours taken by them Martin Alphonso Iusarte was sent to Maldiva with six Vessels and took a rich Vessel of Meca in which were three hundred Moors Having given other necessary Orders he sailed for Ormuz with five Ships and three hundred Men. 4. They suffered much by the way chiefly through Thirst. In his Passage he reduced the Towns of Calayate and Mascate which had revolted being exasperated by the avarice of Iames de Melo for it is certain the King and publick suffer for the Interest of private Men a thing D. Enrique was so sensible of that this Melo being then Commander at Ormuz he writ to him to be more moderate and not provoke thirty years to go from Goa to teach sixty at Ormuz for those were the Ages of them both Lope Vaz did nothing at Ormuz but compose the Difference between Iames de Melo and Raez Xarafo which had occasioned the Revolt of those two Towns receive the Tribute of that King and Prester Iohn's Embassador who came with D. George de Lima both brought by Hector de Silveyra 5. Who was sent to lie off of Diu in wait of the Ships of the Red Sea that trade for Cambaya whereof he took three They went to Diu where he continued many days at the request of Melique Saca who made use of him to secure himself against the King of Cambaya feigning he intended to deliver the City to Silveyra being weary of the Tyranny of that King Lope Vaz was then at Chaul giving Oders for fortifying several places fearing the Rumes or Turks were coming with a great Power whereof he sent advice to King Iohn and sailed for Goa 6. At the same time arrived in India two Ships of five that set out this year from Lisbon the other three came afterwards These two brought fresh Orders from the King relating to the Succession in the Government wherein Lope Vaz was before Mascarenas the former having been the contrary The Surveyor of the Revenue Alfonso de Mexia to whom they were directed desirous to kindle Broils caused them to be opened to the great danger of the publick Peace 7. The News hereof met Lope Vaz on the way and arriving at Goa he was a second time received as Governor and went thence to Cochin He dispatched the trading Ships home and sent in them Prester Iohn's Embassador who went to Rome where he gave entire submission to the Church of Christ through the means of the Portugueses and having received several Favours from Pope Clement the Seventh returned to his Prince These Ships being gone Lope Vaz designed to go to the Red Sea against the Turks who it was said fortified the Island Camaran Some loose Tongues said it was a policy to strengthen himself at Cochin in order to resist Mascarenhas who came to take upon him the Government Others said he really intended to go to deprive Mascarenas of all Power and gain the Affections of the Soldiers by giving them plunder The certainty is he studied to secure himself for to resign a Command voluntarily is a thing not practised since those times 8. Raez Solyman the Turk who killed Mir Hozem at Gidda recovered his Princes Favour by delivering up to him this City he had gained in the Service of the Soldan and by means of a considerable Present for Gifts are of force even with Princes who have no need of them Selin who was then at Grand Cayre converted his Hatred to Love because Solyman promised him great Advantages in India if he would furnish him with a competent power to act there He gave him twenty Gallies and five Galions that were then at Suez Solyman succeeding his Father Selin sent Haydarin to deliver this Fleet to Raez who was then fortifying the Island Camaran where the said Haydarin upon some disgust killed him Mustapha Nephew to Râ—…ez succeeded him and slew Hydarin then sailed to Aden and thence to Diu seeking the protection of the King of Cambâ—…ya as fearful of the Great Turk whom he had offended with that Murder and other Actions and having but few Vessels with him for most of them refused to obey him and returned to Suez Antony Tenreyro carried an account of the Success of this Fleet to King Iohn by Land with general admiration being the first that performed that Journey till then thought impossible 9. Let us now return to Peter Mascarenas at Malaca where the News being come of his Succession to the Government he was immediately proclaimed and obeyed as such As such he gave Orders and bestowed some Commands The Season was not yet proper to sail from Malaca to Cochin But the Desire of Command waâ—…s no season so he set out without it A storm forced him back to Malaca and he making a Virtue of Necessity complied with Fortune concluding it was Providence brought him to that City which he had left in great distress and taking it as an Omen of the Honor he thought to gain over Bintam whose King entertained no small hopes of recovering Malaca which was wholly unprovided Mascarenhas disposed the Minds of the few Gentlemen that were there and prepared to fall upon that King giving out all was for the Island of Sunda whither it was known Francis de Sa was designed He set out with twenty one Ships in them four hundred Portugueses and six hundred Malayes commanded by Tuam Mahomet and Sinai Raja 10. Great Labour was employed in clearing the Mouth of the River when thirty Barques appeared sent by the King of Pam to the Relief of our Enemy Duarte Coello and Ayres de Cuna went to meet them battered some dispersed others and took twelve loaden with Cannon and Provisions They return to the hard Labour of clearing the Mouth of the River in which Work Ferdinando Serram consumed twelve Days wherein his Men were spent with toil and his Ship pierced with a thousand Cannon Shot Yet he obtained his end tho not without danger of perishing for Laxemena fell upon him with such fury that Ferdinando was left for dead and both sides fought with great obstinacy Peter Mascarenas perceiving this Action pressed forwards in small Vessels that rowed and coming upon the Moors made them retirâ—… with a great slaughter Being returned to his Post he considered the City which was formidable for its Walls and opposite Fort flanked with Bulwarks stored with Men and
Cham whose first merit was his Disloyalty to the Turk his natural Prince that if he denied this he challenged to fight either single or as he should think fit Rume Cham was present and gave no answer till the King looking angrily upon him for his silence he said it proceeded from Contempt Macedo repeated the Challenge and the Turk no longer able to shun it accepted the Challenge to be fought at Sea Macedo according to appointment waited for him but he came not The Interview took not effect for the differences about the manner of it Nuno taking another Course joined in League with Omaum Patxath King of the Moguls Then Nuno returned to Goa and before and after dispatched several Captains Antony de Silveyra went to Bengala with nine Vessels Vasco Peres de Sampaya to the Red Sea with sixteen thither also Iames de Silveyra with five Gallions D. Stephen de Gama to Malaca the two that were for the Red Sea made some Prizes 25. Cunale Marcar a bold Pyrat about this time scoured the Sea of Calicut with eight Vessels well equipped At Cape Comori he found at night a Brigantine with eighteen Portugueses and three Gunners all so fast asleep that they were all bound before they waked Having awaked them he caused their Heads to be bruised to pieces saying It was to punish them for daring to sleep knowing he was abroad A pleasant Cruelty Thence he went to Negapatan where were forty Portugueses who defended themselves but to no effect for the Degar or Governor who they thought their Friend agreed with Cunale to rob them Coje Marcar tho of kin to Cunale desirous to deliver them from this danger did it by art speaking to each of the two apart and so making them suspicious to each other Yet Cunale took some Portugues Vessels in that River and shot to death eight of the Men. The first died for sleeping these I suppose because they were awake Antony de Silva set out of Cochin with two hundred Musqueteers in fifteen small Vessels Cunale hearing of it run up the Canamera a Bay on this Coast and fortified himself but Antony obliged him to make his escape in the Habit of a Beggar to Calicut leaving his Vessels and Cannon with which Silva returned victorious to Cochin 26. The King of Razet was revolted from him of Ormuz Antony de Silveyra who commanded the Fort at the request of the latter sent Francis Govea with two hundred Men and eight Sail to reduce him Razet received them with Fraud designing to kill them But it succeeded not for Govea was upon his Guard knowing his ill Designs and that he had with his own Cymiter killed the Officer he sent to treat with him Our Captain sailing over to a small Island to water met a Fleet of this Kings and took a Vessel wherein was the King's Nephew for whose Ransom Razet restored the Prisoners he had and submitted to him of Ormuz ratified the Peace made by him he had killed and excused what was past 27. King Iohn his Care was upon the Affairs of India He had understood the event of Nuno de Cuna's attempt upon Diu and that the common Enemy prepared to disturb our Progress so he continually sent relief This year arrived there twelve Ships with fifteen hundred fighting Men commanded by D. Pedro de Castillobranco who set out from Lisbon the last November The latter end of this year came also five Ships more which set out the beginning of this same year they were commanded by Martin Alfonso de Sousa who had a Commission to be Admiral of the Indian Sea The Governor immediately put him in possession of the Post sending him against Damam At Chaul Iames Silveyra delivered him his Squadron and Vasco Perez his Now Martin Alfonso had five hundred Men in forty Vessels He found Damam destroyed by its own Commander who was retired to the Fort with five hundred Turks and Resbutos Martin Alfonso attempted to scale it and received some damage one of his Ladders breaking when the Enemy on the other side opening a Gate to fly our Men stopped them and entring found a large Court full of Men and fifty Horse most of them were put to the Sword and the Fort razed The King of Cambaya fearing greater loss desired Peace which Nuno de Cuna granted and 't was sworn upon the following Conditions That he should give to the King of Portugal for ever Bacaim with its Dependences by Sea and Land That all Ships bound for the Red Sea from that Kingdom should set out from Bacaim and return thither to pay the Duties That none should go to other places without leave from the Portugueses That no Ships of War should be built in any of his Ports That he should no more give assistance to the Rumes There were other Articles in favour of the King to sweeten the harshness of these which were afterwards moderated when he gave leave to raise the Fort at Diu. Now we have some footing in this Province something may be said of its situation people and other affairs with our usual Brevity CHAP. V. Continues the Government of Nuno de Cuna and Reign of King John the Third 1. THE Kingdom of Guazarata commonly called Cambaya from its Metropolis of that Name extends from Cape Iaquete in the West to the River Nagotana near Chaul It makes a great Bay of the some Name The Sea ebbs and flows with such violence in this Bay that in swiftness it exceeds the fleetest Horse and if in this fury it meets any Ship it certainly perishes To avoid this danger there is always a Man on an eminence who when he sees that Torrent coming gives notice with a Horn. The distance between Cape Iaquete and the River Nagotana is above two hundred Leagues On the West it borders upon the Resbuti a mountain people on the North with the Kingdom of Chitor and the East with that of Pale all the Coast is covered with many Towns and Cities It is watered by two famous Rivers Taptii and Tapetii besides many Creeks that form several Islands It breeds abundance of Cattle and is plentiful of other Provisions The Country is all plain so that they generally travel in Waggons after the manner of Flanders but lighter and easier drawn by Oxen somewhat less than those of Spain The Natives are of four sorts one called Baneanes Bagançariis that feed after our manner another called only Baneanes who eat nothing that hath life Their Priests are called Vertias who cloath themselves in white and never take those Cloaths off till they fall to pieces They live upon Charity and like the Children of Israel in the Desart can keep nothing for the next day They place their greatest hope of Salvation in killing no Creature they use no light at night lest any Butterfly should die by it they always carry a Broom wherewith they sweep the Ground they are to tread on lest they tread any Worm or
Ataide was as deformed of Body as his Actions were scandalous Let us return to the Affairs of India CHAP. VII Continues the Government of Nuno de Cuna the same Year 1536 in the Reign of King John the Third 1. WE have already related how the Empire of Decan by the death of Mahomet Xiath was divided into seven parts by as many Governors who set themselves up as Kings and warring among themselves were reduced to five The first and chief of these was Hidalcam whose Territories lie from North to South along the Sea Coast from the River Domel eight Leagues off Dabul to Cintacola eleven below Goa and has sixty Leagues in length and fifty in breadth where largest On the North it borders upon Nizamaluco on the South upon Canara and part of Narsinga and on the East upon Madremaluco Melique Verido and Cotamaluco which make the five into which that Crown was divided Cotamaluco and Verido were at war because the former reflected upon the latter as disloyal to the dead King as if either of them were innocent Cota came off with loss 2. Hidalcam upon such like occasion took Arms against Cotamaluco who was then at Golconda a City almost impregnable being seated upon an inaccessible mountain well fortified and garrisoned Hidalcan set down before it with one hundred thousand Horse and four hundred thousand Foot Cota not without reason was apprehensive of this danger but reposed great confidence in twelve Portugueses he had with him The Enemy the first Attacks lost twenty thousand Men and afterwards an hundred thousand as well by Famine as Sword for Catamaluco cut off all his Provisions and such parties as went out for them and of what he took he sent ten thousand to Hidalcan without Ears or Noses bidding him put upon them those of his Men he had served so the last War The Sorrow for these Misfortunes caused his Death whence sprang Wars between his Sons These were Mulacam who was received as Heir and Abraham who could not brook his being owned as such and being encouraged by Cotamaluco and others disturbed the common Peace and was at last himself taken prisoner 3. Cotamaluco set upon Mulacham as he was carrying his Father to bury him but was forced to fly to the Woods Mean while Abraman escaped out of prison and by the assistance of Nizamaluco possessed himself of the Kingdom and took his Brother Mulacâ—…am whom his Army infamously delivered up at Bisapoâ—… Açadacam set out with a good Army to rescue Malucam But Melique Cuf in whose custody he was cruelly put out his Eyes and delivered him and his Treasure to Abraham He desiring to appease Açadacam made him great Offers which were all rejected Açadacam encamped within five Leagues of him and sent a Messenger to him whose Name was Caçem this Man Abraham prevailed with to undertake to murder his Master which Açadacam discovering caused him to be stabbed before he approached him 5. Açadacam endeavoured to alienate the Hearts of the great ones from Abraham but was not altogether so successful as he wished In fine Cogerte Cham who at his instigation acted in the same manner was obliged to fly for relief to Nizamaluco in whom he sound his Ruin being robbed by him and brought to such misery he resolved to retire to Mecha but passing through Dabul he accepted the Offer of Protection made him by Simon Guedez then commanding there till Nuno de Cuna received him at Diu and obtained of King Badur to entertain him according to his Quality where after he became one of the chief Generals of Cambaya 6. The new Hidalcan I mean Abraham for those Princes when they come to the Crown all take this Title was perplexed with the Proceedings of Açadacam and endeavoured to reconcile him Açadacam's Forces at this time ravaged all the Continent about Goa and Hidalcan made fresh Instances to bring him to his Court but to no effect Mean while the desolation of that Country was such that the Natives freely offered it up to Nuno de Cuna he after conferring about it with Açadacam accepted the Offer to deliver that Country from utter Ruin 7. Açadacam was a Mahometan as well in his Dealing as Belief The more to perplex Hidalcam he goes into the Service of the King of Bisuagar who received him with great honor Nuno de Cuna was not exempted from his Frauds therefore to carry on his Designs he persuaded him to send Christopher de Figueredo promising to prevail with the King of Bisnagar to resign to the King of Portugal the Continent about Goa to which he had an ancient Title Hidalcan being informed of these Proceedings encamped near him of Bisnagar with four hundred thousand Men and 700 Elephants the other had a 1000 Elephants more and some thousands of Men. He sent to let him know that according to former Agreements he ought to deliver up to him his Slave Açadacam The King of Bisnagar referred it to Açadacam himself to give the Answer and he gave it such as deceived and at the same time was approved of 8. But the King was soon undeceived for Açadacam who had done all this only to better his Fortunes now went over to Hidalcam when least he expected it Cotamaluco who had joined Hidalcan to oppose Açadacam seeing him received with great honor goes over to the King of Bisnagar who was marching to besiege the City Rachol which he had before taken and had again submitted to Hidalcam At last these Princes came to a Composition parting the Territory of that City which fell to the Lot of Hidalcam Açadacam by order of his Master marched after Cotamaluco to the City Naiteguir taken by him and recovered it and obliging him to put himself into Hidalcam's Power with a Grand daughter he had offered him to Wife The Wedding reconciled all this Discord 9. King Badur pretended by an ancient Custom of Indostan to have the power of giving the Title of King He sent the Royal Ensigns to Hidalcam desiring he should acknowledge him as his Predecessors had done but Hidalcam accepted his Friendship and rejected the Title Badur's intention was to secure Hidalcam against the Portugueses to whom he owed the Recovering of his Crown Açadacam being suspicious of Hidalcam endeavoured to be far from him and to this end prevailed with Cotamaluco to return home and declare war Hidalcam discovered the Author of this Discord and would have killed him but the Design being disclosed Azadacam threw himself at his Feet with two hundred thousand Pardaos of Gold begging pardon tho he said he had done nothing to ask pardon for Thus he bought his Life and Hidalcam sold his safety Such is the power of Gifts even over those who can give greater 10. Hidalcam now bent his thoughts upon recovering the Lands about Goa Açadacam who had been the cause that Nuno de Cuna took them now was the promoter of his Master's demanding them Nuno referred the Answer to Diu whither he was going being sent for by
abandon the Fort and he set fire to it Whilst the Fort flamed the Kings fled to the Mountains with their Treasure and Antony marches to the City The Inhabitants abandon and he burns it down to the Ground levelling the Works so that scarce any memory of the City was left but the signs of the Ashes Many Moors were killed and many taken This unparallel'd Victory cost but one Slave 18. Those Kings thought to do us some harm with Ambushes at embarquing and afterwards at Sea but came off with loss He of Tidore afterwards came to a peace the Conditions honourable on our side Antony the more to oblige that King offered to rebuild the City which was immediately put in hand with these and other Courtesies he so much obliged him and his Subjects that they confided in him as an ancient tried Friend 19. Galvam found it was easier to overcome the greatest Army of Barbarians than the least Portugues Avarice He proposed to put in execution the King's Instructions relating to the Trade of Clove and the Portugueses opposed because they put a stop to their Frauds and Robberies Next he would have examined into the Crimes of Tristan de Ataide and he conscious of his own Guilt begged Mercy Tho undeserving Galvam took pity on and reconciled him with many that they might not be his Accusers Ataide requited his kindness by provoking most of the Portugueses to mutiny about the Trade of Clove Antony endeavouring to appease found them them all in Arms. At length Tristan sailed for India having hindered the loading Clove for the King's use and carrying away most of the Mutineers So the Fort was exposed to eminent danger If the Commanders were bad the Moors could not live with them if good they could not live with the Portugueses 20. The Kings of Gilolo and Bachan prepared a fresh to fall upon Galvam He being weak offered peace for the same Reason they refused it Galvam finding himself in no condition to withstand challenges them both to fight Man to Man They accept of the Challenge but the King of Tidore interposing came to an agreement The two Kings so religiously observed this Pacification that they refused to admit into their Ports two Spanish Ships forced thither by stress of Weather They were cast away upon the Coast and those few that escaped taken by the Natives and ransomed by Galvam who treated them courteously Their Captain was Ferdinand de Grijalva sent out the year 1537 by Ferdinand Cortes Now the Ternatenses were at variance refusing to obey Cachil Aeiro as King set up by Tristan de Ataide and clamouring for Tabarija by him imprisoned and sent to India They offered to make Galvam King till they had a lawful one He refused and endeavoured to make them agree This Action of his and the persuasions of the King of Tidore prevailed with them to admit Aeiro After this all things continued in a wonderful Calm 21. Galvam heared a great Fleet was coming upon Ternate he borrowed some small Ships of the King of Tidore into which he put forty Portugueses and gave the Command to the Priest Ferdinand Vinagre who behaved himself so well he beat that Fleet and killed their Admiral Then he quieted the Country sometimes handling the Sword sometimes putting on the Surplice he baptized many Galvam perceiving how great Fruit this Priest produced assisted him to prosecute the Conversion and he so treated the Converts that the Natives said It must needs be a true God that such a man adored and his Religion ought to be embraced by all men At this time Galvam was informed a great Fleet was coming from Iava Banda Macaçar and Amboina to load Clove at Maluco by force of Arms. To meet them he sent Iames Lopez de Azevedo with forty Portugueses and 400 Ternatenses and Tidores The Battel was fought at Amboina that Fleet defeated Vessels Cannon Arms and Men taken He scoured the Coast and baptized three whole Towns Ativa Matelo and Nocivel Two Brothers Gentlemen of the Island Macaçar came to Ternate to take Galvam for their Godfather in Baptism and took the Names of Antony and Michael with his Sirname They afterwards came to visit him with Ships richly laden and several young Gentlemen who were also baptized They gave an account much might be wrought in their Islands and those of Celebes both in Spirituals and Temporals Galvam sent sent Francis de Castro with two Priests who were drove by bad Weather to discover other Islands a hundred Leagues North of the Malucos The first they came to was Satigana the King and People Pagans Castro made Peace with him which was confirmed by drinking each the others Blood to which effect they had a Vein opened Then the King Queen a Son three Brothers and many Nobles were baptized Next they discovered the Island Mindanao where the same happened with the King Queen their two Daughters and many People After them were baptized the Kings of Butuano Pimilarano and Camisino the two first took the Name of Iohn the latter was called Francis Francis de Castro brought to Ternate many Sons of the new Converts for whom Galvam at his own expence erected a Seminary where they might be instructed which was the first in our Conquest The obstinate Mahometans were astonished at so many Conversions and endeavoured to persuade the Kings to put a stop to their progress but were quite amazed when they saw an Arab whom they reverenced almost as much as Mahomet from whom he was descended leave him to follow Christ. The term of Galvam's Command expiring those Kings begged of ours to continue him for life But wordly Felicities especially in Government are never lasting 22. Antony Galvam seeing all things settled and that it was unjust the Kings of that Island should always be Prisoners set at liberty Cachil Aeiro persuading him to choose a Queen This confirmed the great opinion the Ternatenses had of him and they made publick Songs in his Praise which are the only History or Records they use He composed all Differences between the Portugueses and Islanders and being now at leisure built the Fort and all the Houses after the manner of Spain After his Example the King beautified Ternate with Buildings and granted Lands to the Portugueses who began to make curious Orchards and Gardens and Country Houses the Moors did the same Now Antony Galvam seeing there wanted Water brought it from three Leagues distance Being told he consumed his own without making any advantage of the Trade of Clove he said He could not meddle with Cloves because it bore five Nobs which represents the Wounds of Christ and are the Arms of Portugal His Command at Ternate expiring he returned to Portugal full of Debts thinking but he thought ill if he knew his own Country that he should find some Reward of so much Valour such Service so great Parts and Merits He found Contempt and Misery which brought him to die in an Hospital This
Slaves being asked by Cunnale Whether any of them would fight one of his Men Answered He would challenge any two Cunnale replied If he would turn Mahometan he should have great Favours bestowed upon him and several times endeavoured to prevail by kindnesses and then again by Threats but all to no effect for Oliveyra declared He would rather Die than forsake the Faith and accordingly had his Head cut off upon the Shore and gained a Crown of Martyrdom 23. The King of Melinde always most faithful to us since our first Discoveries in Afia advertised the Viceroy how prejudicial to our Affairs what Mir Alibet had done with the Gallâ—… of Mâ—…ca would prove And 〈◊〉 this was a great â—…ep towards the 〈◊〉 â—…sign of possessing himself of the Mines 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and Cuoâ—… the King of 〈◊〉 having given 〈◊〉 leave to raise a Fort â—…re The Viceroy hereupon consâ—…ted the Men of most Experience in those Aâ—…ts the Resolution was That a confiderable Fleet must be sent to stop their further Progress Eighteen Saiâ—… were fitted out and the Command of them given to Martin Alfonso de Melo Pombeyro 24. They came to an Anchor in the Port of 〈◊〉 becaâ—…e that being the first place that offended it was thought â—…it to punish it first as also because that King relying on his Fortifications and 4000 Armed Men had executed Iohn Rabelo for not renouncing the Christian Faith Our Men assaulted the Town in two Bodies the first met great opposition and slew the King then making their way both Parties entred the Town sparing neither Women nor Children The Town and Vessels in the Port were burnt whilst the Woods were cut down Ten days were spent in destroying all with the loss of only four Men on our part 25. The King of Pate seeing this Ruin submitted he of Lusiva fled to the Mountains and our Admiral gave this Kingdom to a Matron who had been deposed by him that fled and came now to plead her Right The King of Mombaca at first made shew as if he would oppose us having got together 7000 Men but afterwards fled out of the Island and from the top of a Mountain beheld the Flames that consumed his City Our Admiral set sail for Ormâ—…z according to his Orders and sent to advertise the King of what he had done and by the way saved a Ship of the former Fleet that was just sinking The Admiral died at Ormuz and another went to raise the Fort at Maâ—…eate who finished it 26. The Commander of Moçambique D. George de Meneses was not idle but still imployed against the Mores who endeavoured to settle themselves in the Trade of those parts of the Island Madagascar that lay opposite to him Many of ours were slain and among them F. Iohn of St. Thomas a Dominican who preached the Faith to those Infidels CHAP. V. Continues the Government of D. Duarte de Meneses 1. THE King of Ujantana took many of our Ships and hindred the carrying of Provisions to Malaca insomuch that Famine raged there to such a degree that 100 died in one day and Mothers cast away their Children for want of Food The Manaâ—…cabo's a Neighbouring People contributed much to this Misery destroying what grew about the Town and hindred the Country People from bringing in any Supplies 2. Iames de Azambujâ—… lately come from the Molucos marched against them with 100 Portuguâ—… and 600 Malâ—…yes whereof 400 were Musqueteers With great labour they came to the Town of Nam where they met 2000 of the Enemy D. Emanuel de Almada charged them with half our Men and driving them out of the Field pursued them into their Works which he cleared with grâ—…t slaughter Thence our Men proceeded to Bombo where the King of Ior had a Fort which the Commander forsook and the Inhabitants submitted pleading they had no hand in what was done to our prejudice 3. The King of Acâ—… seeing Malaâ—… distressed had provided a Fleet of 300 Sail to fall upon it and was ready to set out when his General Moratiza who had long since designed to usurp that Crown murdered him the Queen and Chief of the Nobility and stayed at home to secure his usurped Kingdom which was the saving of Malaca But Rajale setting Sail from his Port of Ior entred the River of Malaca with 120 Vessels in which were 6000 Men. Iohn de Silva who commanded in the Town and D. Antony de Noronna at Sea both applied themselves with all diligence to the Preservation of that place 4. The Enemy attempting to Land in two Places were drove back to their Ships with great loss and many of them drowned our Ships with their Cannon sunk two of theirs and did good Execution In the Church of the Capâ—… is said to have been seen a Friar driving out the Enemies who not appearing afterwards was suppos'd to be St. Francis The Commander stood at the Gate buying the Heads of the Enemies at 20 Crowns each 5. D. Hierome de Azevedo cruising about Romania took and sunk some Ships which proved some ease to Malaca The City of Cochim sent thither plentiful and speedy relief Iohn de Silva the Commander whether through any other Accident or Grief of the Miseries he saw there is not known ran mad The Bishop took upon him the Government Baçaim Chaul and Goa sent the Vice-Roy Money to relieve this City the latter desiring that D. Paul de Lima might command the Squadron to be sent thither and Malaca having desired the same the Vice-Roy consented to it 6. D. Paul de Lima set Sail with 500 Men in two Galleys three Galleons four Galliots and seven other Vessels In their way to Malaca they suffered much for want of Water and got some though with danger on the Shores of Achem where they took some Ships killed many Men and made several Prisoners but particularly Rajale's Ambassador who was there to incite that our professed Enemy to join with him against us 7. Before D. Paul could come up some of his Ships joined those commanded by D. Antony de Noronna before Iâ—…r The Enemies Fleet attacked them and at the first Charge of our Cannon fled again two of them were takâ—… D. Antony seeking to-gather his Squadron found his Men battering the Fort of Curiâ—… â—…ed above the Water with Thirty Pieces of Câ—… and Two hundred many of the Defendants were slain the rest fled Antony de Andria landing brought off the Cannon leaving the Fort in a Flame Then they firâ—… some Shipping and the Suburbs and râ—…tired to their Ships with much Booty and many Prisoners 8. This Success made D. Antony de Noronna believe it was easie to take the City if he assaulted it in the Morning Ambitious of gaining this Honour and contrary to the Opinion of the Captains he Assaults the City with only 200 Men knowing there were 12000 within and the Walls at every step planted with Cannon Nevertheless he entred it but had lost his Life had not D. Paul
of Succession but being come for Portugal when they were opened was again here appointed with the Title of Vice-Roy The Season was so far advanced it was generally believed he could not go through but he caused himself to be Painted on his Colours standing upon Fortune and setting them up in his Ship said He would perform the Voyage in spight of her and did it About the time he entred upon the Government there sailed from Lisbon Iames Pereyra Tibao in a small Ship and in December Ruy Gomez de Gram in a Galleon and Gaspar Fagundez in a Caravel who were to be in India about the middle of this Year we now enter upon and about the end of it arrived there four Ships that set out about the beginning 2. The Vice-Roy understanding that the King of Iafanapatan assisted him of Candea against and delighted in Persecuting such as imbraced the Christian Religion calling himself King of Kings sent against him Andrew Furtado that great Commander with 20 Sail. 3. Off of Calicut he met three Ships of Meca after a hot Engagement he sunk two and took one Then he sailed in search of the Pirat Cotimuza Nephew and Admiral to Cunnale who with 14 some say 22 Galleys was become absolute on the Coast of Coromandel had taken several of our Ships and designed to take from us the Forts of Columbo and Manar At the Mouth of the River Cardiva Furtado met and fought him and he having behaved himself well escaped by swimming leaving us possessed of his whole Fleet. It is pity we want the Particulars of this fine Action 4. Our Admiral after this Victory entring the Port of Manar found there a great Fleet and made himself Master of it many of the Men swimming a-shore to join the King's Army Furtado Lands and marches toward the Town which was well fortified manned and provided He assaults the Works and drives the Defendants into the Town whence the King with severe Language made his Commander return to Charge the Portugueses without hearkning to the Advice he gave him to shift for himself because they would soon be in his Palace The General returned and was killed with all his Men. The Portugueses advancing slew the King and his eldest Son his younger Brother casting himself at Furtado's Feet begged his Life which was granted him and the Government of that Kingdom till the Vice-Roy should order it otherwise He was afterwards made King upon reasonable Terms 5. At this time Cunnale Marcar a Subject of the King of Calicut successfully scoured that Coast with a good Squadron Against him the Vice-Roy sent D. Alvaro de Abranchez with a considerable Fleet. F. Francis da Coâ—…a was then Prisoner at the Court of Zamori who inclined that Prince to treat of Peace with the Portugueses and to that effect sent the same Father to D. Alvaro who was then in that Sea D. Alvaro sent him to the Vice-Roy the Peace was concluded to the content of both Parties and Zamori not only released all the Slaves in his Kingdom but encouraged the Jesuits to build a Church himself laying the first Stone 6. The beginning of this Year sailed from Lisbon four Ships two whereof we shall see miserably perish at the latter end of the Year following 7. Let us go to Moçambique where there happened a great loss Our Commander of Tete had some Skirmishes with the Cafres our Enemies Tete is a Fort of that Authority that all the Neighbours for three Leagues about divided under eleven Captains obey the Commander of it as each does their own and upon the least signal given resort thither to the number of 2000 armed Men. With these Cafres and some Portugueses he marched against Quisura Captain of the Munbo Cafres who was at Chicarongo Six hundred of these gave him Battle and were cut off every Man of them whereby many Prisoners were released who were to have been slaughtered like Cattle for the Shambles theirs being of human Flesh. The Tyrant Quisura was also killed who used to pave the way to his Habitation with the Sculls of those he had overcome 8. Andrew de Santiago Commander of the Fort of Sena designing as much against the Muzimba's found them so well fortified he was obliged to send to Peter Fernandes de Chaves Commander of Tete for aid Chaves marched with some Portugues Musqueteers and the Cafres under his Command but the Muzimba's being informed of it and fearing the Conjunction of those Forces fell upon him so unexpectedly that they slew him and all his Portugueses being advanced before their Cafres who thereby had time to retire The Victors quarter'd the dead for Food and returned with them to their Works F. Nicholas of the Rosary a Dominican was reserved from this general slaughter and after shot to death with Arrows 9. Next day the Muzimba's marched out of their Works after their Leader who had put on the Casula or Vestment taken from the martyr'd Priest and holding a Dart in his Right hand and the Chalice in the Left The Men carried the Commander of Tete's Head on a Spear and the Quarters of the Portugueses on their Backs Andrew de Santiago astonished at that Sight thought to retire by Night but the Enemy falling upon him he was killed with most of his Men so that in both Actions above 130 of them were cut in pieces to be buried in those Barbarians Bellies 10. D. Peter de Sousa Commander of Moçambique under whose Jurisdiction Tete is set out with 200 Portugueses and 1500 Cafres to take Revenge on these Munzimba's He batter'd their Works but with no success and endeavouring to Scale them was repulsed Being likely to succeed by raising Gabions as high as their Trenches he was prevented by some cowardly Portugueses who to hide their fear pretended the Fort of Sena was in danger Our Commander drawing off to relieve it was attacked by the Muzimba's lost many of his Men the Cannon and other Booty Yet the Enemy offered a Peace which was concluded 11. Soon after one of these Muzimba's marching Eastward gather'd 15000 Men and killing all in his way that had Life set down before Quiloa which he entred by the Treachery of one of the Inhabitants and put them all to the Sword 12. This done he caused the Traytor and all his Family in his presence to be cast into the River saying It was not fit such base People who betrayed their Country should be spared nor yet eaten because they were venomous therefore he cast them to be Food for the Fish So odious is Treason even among Barbarians He designed to have done the same at Melinde but that King assisted by 30 Portugueses withstood him till 3000 of the Mosseguejo Cafres coming to the Relief of Melinde the Muzimba's were so slaughtered that of all that Army only 100 escaped with the general after they had ravaged 300 Leagues Behold the Chalice of this Muzimba 13. Maâ—…hew Mendez de Vasconcelos by force of Arms re-established the King
succeed F. Matthew in the Archbishoprick of Goa 11. About this time the Religious of St. Dominick to secure the Preaching of the Gospel in their District raised a Fort at Solor which grew so considerable it was afterwards found convenient to send a Commander thither The first or among the first were Antony de Vellegas and Antony de Andria who put to the Sword many of the Natives that had killed some Religious Men. This Punishment in stead of Amendment made them worse for two years after conspiring together they agreed to kill the Commander and Friers They fell furiously upon the Town and Fort in the Town they did much harm the Commander withdrew himself out of the Fort and could not be found They imagining he had forsaken it entred and Andria with a few Portugueses coming upon them through a private Door they knew not of killed most of them 12. A Galley and five other Vessels of ours cruizing off Cape Comori to secure our Traders from Coromandel were so surprised by the Malabars that they entred and burnt the Galley The 5 Sail that were at some distance coming up time enough to have taken the Enemies Vessels suffered them to go away without molestation 13. On the 5th of February happened the Death of the 7 Franciscan Martyrs of Iapan They suffered at Nangataqui under the cruel Cambaco in revenge for the Numbers they had converted Their Names were F. Peter Baptista the Commissary F. Martin of the Assumption F. Francis Blanco and the Brothers Philip of Iesus and Francis de Barrilla and Gonzalo Garzia with 20 Iaponneses among which were 3 Brothers Jesuits and 3 Children Thomas Antony and Lewis They were Crucified and then shot with Arrows 14. On the Coast of Malabar between the Cities of Goa and Cochim 77 Leagues from the one and 33 from the other is the little Port of Pudepatam within which the Creeks form a Peninsula joyning to the Land on the South side On the North of it are the Ariores or Lords of Baragare and Motonge They are all divided by a Rivulet and towards the East a River falls there from the Mountain Gate and another called Capocape on the South The Moor Pate Marca perceiving how convenient a place this was to shelter Pirats that might scour all that Coast obtained Leave of Zamori whose Subject he was and the Peninsula his to build a Fort there 15. He went over thither with his Kindred and Followers and began to raise a square Fort on the East Point of it From hence he began to make War upon us taking many of our Ships richly laden He assaulted the Village of Tana in the Island Salsete near Baçaim and carried away a rich Booty taking the opportunity of doing it when those who should defend it were at the Devotions of the Holy Week 16. Mahomet Cunnale Marca succeeded him in the Sovereignty of that Fort finished and increased it and foreseeing the Portugueses would seek Revenge he fortified the Town called also Cunnale by Sea and Land On the Land side he made a deep Ditch with double Trenches 2 Yards and a half thick from Sea to Sea At distances he raised Towers that flanked the Work and on the Towers by them called Zarames planted small Cannon Between the two Creeks he built a strong Wall which secured the Town with two Towers one at each end and along the Sea-shore stuck Palisadoes where were also two Bastions one greater than the other planted with gross Cannon to secure the entrance of the Harbour which besides was made very difficult even to small Vessels by Masts strongly chained together 17. Being thus secure he took upon him the Style and Title of King and carried on his Uncle's Design against the Portugueses with greater success He took one of our Galleys a Ship coming from China and many lesser Vessels assisted the Queen of Olaba when she revolted and Melique at the last Siege of Chaul and now robbed not only the Portugueses but the Malabars also filling his Peninsula with Riches 18. Our Viceroy concerned at the increase of his Power resolved towards the end of his Government to weaken it and by D. Alvaro de Abranches Admiral of that Sea advertised Zamori how that Pirat was equally prejudicial to him as to the Portugueses and therefore it would be convenient they should both joyn to extirpate him That Prince being made sensible of this Truth a new Peace was concluded and they agreed That he by Land and the Portugueses by Sea should joyntly undertake the expulsion of Cunnale and razing the Fort. Both Parties provided for this Expedition when a new Viceroy coming the prosecution of it was carried on as shall be seen in his Government 19. Matthias de Albuquerque was one of the most deserving Men that arrived to this Command as well for his Fortune and Valour as his Prudence and Justice In the Treasury he left 80000 Ducars in Money and Jewels of Ceylâ—…n of great value He thought no body could cheat him and a Soldier to undeceive him received his Pay three times in three several Shapes and by as many Names Matthias afterwards hearing of it sent for him and was kind to the Man advising him to use that Art no more 20. He was of a middle Stature lame of one Foot but not lame in Manners being as much a Christian as a Gentleman of Viceroys the 16th of Governours the 34th first of the Name and second of the Sirname CHAP. X. Of the Propagation of the Gospel in the Empire of China during these later Years 1. THE manner of the introducing and propagating the Gospel in China from the Year 1580 till 1600 was so remarkable and worthy of memory that thô I descend not to the Particulars I cannot but give â—…ome general Account of it 2. Some Religious Orders had with Courage and Profit laboured therein before the Holy Society of Iesus appeared in India The first that set foot there was the Order of the most Holy Trinity in the Person of D. Vasco de Gama his Confessor who as is before said was of that Congregation The second was that of St. Francis and the third of St. Dominick's who trampling all Difficulties sowed the Doctrine of Life there watering iâ—… with their Blood Afterwards some Secular Priests and even Lay-men made themselves famous by this Spiritual Work 3. This was the Estate of Christianity in Asia till its new Apostle St. Francis Xaverius came thither who from the Year 1541 till 1552 never ceased Preaching to those People and died in the Island Sancham with an ardent desire of entring China By his Death the design of instructing the Chineses was laid aside till the Year 1580 when F. Alexandrinus de Valiniano an Italian and Visitor of the Society in Asia undertook it notwithstanding all the Difficulties that obstructed 4. None of the smallest was the hardness of the Chinese Language more uncouth to us than all the others of Asia Yet at
the Court of Peking he was throughly satisfied that China and Cathay where the same thing 30. Then ended the Year 1606. The 4th of these Travels now grown pleasing to B. Benedict for that he had compassed his end found his Order where it was least to be expected and could relieve them with what he had got by his Merchandize which amounted to 2500 Crowns and at that time was a considerable Treasure He gave advice of his arrival to F. Matthew at Peking and he sent B. Iohn Fernandez a Novice of the Converts to conduct him forward He arrived at Sucheâ—… the latter end of March 1607 and 11 Days after our Discoverer died not without suspicion of Poison given by the Moors to rob him as they did abusing Isaac and B. Fernandez who having buried the deceased went to Peking CHAP. VI. The Government of the Viceroy D. Martin Alfonso de Castro from the Year 1604 till 1607. 1. DON Martin Alfonso de Castro entring upon the Government gave some signs of being ambitious of Glory but Fortune was not favourable to him or as some say his own Humour was an impediment Therefore let us proceed with the Affairs of the Conquest of Pegu. 2. Ximilica King of Arracam considering his Son was Prisoner thought good to treat with Nicote and he to come to an agreement the better to make his advantage of the Profits of the Custom-House sent Advice of all to Goa and received Orders thence to return the Prince without any Ransom But Interest being his greatest aim neither Obedience to the Viceroy nor the Respect he owed that King whose Creature he was could prevail to hinder him from selling that Prince for 50000 Crowns pretending it was for the Charge of the Fleet the King had obliged him to fit out 3. The King of Arracam justly offended hereat set out a small Fleet against Siriam which was easily defeated but gave him occasion to enslave 100000 Christians and treat them with great rigour which nevertheless moved not many of them though but new Converts Afterwards he combines with the King of Tangu who Besieges the Town with a great Army by Land while he shuts it up by Sea with 800 Sail in which he had 10000 Men. Paul del Rego met him with 80 Ships and failing of the success he had formerly setting Fire to the Powder blew up himself and all that were with him rather than fall into the Hands of the Enemy The Siege continued so long till the besieged were ready to surrender when on a sudden upon some suspicion the King of Tangu quits the Field by night and he of Arracam found it to no purpose to lie longer upon the Sea 4. Some of the neighbouring Princes startled at this success of Nicote sought his Friendship and an Alliance with the King of Portugal The first that effected it was the King of Tangu Nicote marries his Son Simon to a Daughter of the King of Martavam thereby to strengthen himself and have the opportunity of gathering more Riches And being now desirous to rob the King of Tangu tho actually then in Peace with him to colour his wicked Design he pretends that King was overcome by him of Ova as indeed he was and made Tributary since the Treaty as if that could absolve him for breach of Faith In fine with the King of Martavam's assistance he fell upon took and robbed him of Tangu and returned with him and above a Million of Gold without hearkning to the Protestations he made of his continuing a faithful Vassal to the Crown of Portugal 5. Let us keep in mind these his unjust Proceedings and in its place we shall see them rewarded as they deserve for all these Particulars happened not at this time but it is anticipated to prevent too much dismembring the Relation of them Indeed it is to be admired a Christian Government should support such Unchristian Proceedings 6. It will be fit to return to the Affairs of the Moluco Islands The Hollanders were now strong in those Seas and well backed by the Islanders who tired out with our insatiable Avarice joined with those Rebels to expel us 7. The Hollanders about this time having forced us thence had possessed themselves of Amboina Gaspar de Melo commanded there whom absolute Necessity obliged to quit it yet being unjustly accused and in danger of suffering with Disgrace his Wife poisoned him A strange Government where notorious Criminals were not punished and an innocent Person was so Persecuted that she who loved him took away his Life least they should take away his Honour who had none of their own The Portugueses who were at Tidore since the loosing of Ternate seeing the King did not deliver them up to the Hollanders who demanded them and had nine Ships in the Harbour but that he was resolved to stand by them took such Courage that they withstood the continual Batteries of 120 Cannons which played on them without intermission 8. The King of Ternate sends a Fleet to assist the Hollanders and Landing batters the Fort on the other side All we had to oppose this Power was 10 or 12 pieces of Cannon and but a small number of Men able to bear Arms. After four days Battery the Enemy gives the Assault our Men encouraged by their Captain Peter Alvarez de Abreu with Sword in Hand bravely repulse them In the midst of their hopes that this defeat would oblige the Enemy to desist the Powder by some accident taking fire blew up the greatest part of the Fort and most of the Men so that the Enemy entred it when they least expected and our Men were forced to accept of some Vessels to go where they thought fit 9. About Four hundred Persons of all sorts were shipped and got to the Philippine Islands where D Peter de Cunna Commanded Neither was their Voyage without danger the enraged Sea being ready to swallow them but the Mercy of God brought them safe ashore by virtue of certain Reliques thrown into the Water by a Jesuit which laid the Storm and after their landing were brought and laid upon the Sand by a Fish 10. In February Cunna sailed from the Philippine Islands towards Ternate with One thousand Spaniards and Four hundred of the Natives He Besieged the Fort in which was the King himself and had above One hundred Cannons The Hollanders and Ternatenses thinking to surprize the Besiegers made a Sally and were so received by Iohn Rodriguez Camelo who commanded a Company of Portugueses that he not only beat them back but entred the Fort along with them So that when the Spanish Commander came up fearing some mischance might be occasioned by that heat Camelo met him at the Gate with the Keys of the Fort and Cunna to honour him for that Action put about his Neck a Gold Chain he had upon his own 11. The Ternatenses in the fright abandoned the City as they had done the Fort. The Spanish Commander losing no time drove the
the Name 20th Viceroy and 39th Governour for the Patent not the Possession make a Man so 3. But since this Viceroy has not afforded Matter for a Chapter let us make it up with one of the greatest Prodigies of the Portugues Fortune that Asia produced Three Years she was big with this Monster from 1605 till 1608. We shall see another Iames Suarez de Melo and another Philip de Brito Nicate famous for their incredible Rise and Insolence This was Sebastian Gonzalez Tibao a Man of obscure Extraction as born in the Village of St. Antony del Tojal near Lisbon a Place never yet produced any worth Note either for Parentage or worthy Actions In the Year 1605 he imbarqued for India went over to Bengala listed himself a Soldier and then fell to dealing in Salt which is a great Merchandise there By this Trade he soon gained as much as purchased a Ialia that is a sort of small Vessel In this Vessel he went with Salt to Dianga a great Port of the King of Arracam at such time as that King slew 600 Portugueses who resided there and suspected nothing less living quietly as good Subjects under his Protection The Motive of this Cruelty was That Philip de Brito Nicote being possessed of Siriam thought it would be for his Advantage to gain Dianga He fitted out some Vessels and sent in them his Son as Embassador to beg that Port of the King Some Portugueses perswaded the King Nicote's design in getting that Port was to deprive him of his Kingdom He orders the Son with his Officers to come to Court and there murders them the same was done in their Vessels and afterwards that Fury fell upon all the Inhabitants of Dianga This was in the beginning of the Year 1607. Some few escaped into the Woods and 9 or 10 Vessels got to Sea whereof one was that of Sebastian Gonzales 4. Emanuel de Mattos Commander of Bandel of Dianga who died not long before had been Lord of Sundiva an Island 70 Leagues in compass Fatecan a resolute Moor whom he had intrusted with the Island in his absence hearing of his Death makes himself Master of it and the more to secure himself murders all the Portugueses that were in it with their Wives and Children and such of the Natives as were Christians Then he gathered Moors and Patans to his assistance fitted out a Fleet of 40 Sail and plentifully maintained this Charge with the Revenue of the Island which is great Sebastian Gonzalez and his Companions with those 9 or 10 Vessels that escaped at Dianga having no Head to govern them lived by robbing in the Country of Arracam carrying their Booty to the King of Bacala's Ports who was our Friend Fatecan understanding they plyed thereabouts went out to seek them with such assurance of Success that he had this Inscription upon his Colours Fatecan by the Grace of GOD Lord of Sundiva shedder of Christian Blood and destroyer of the Portugues Nation 6. One evening he thought to surprize them and had effected it but that they quarrelling about dividing some Spoil they had taken this falling out proved their Preservation For Sebastian Pinto upon that account leaving them in a River of the Island Xavaspur met Fatecan's Fleet and gave them notice They ingaged and fought desperately all night the morning discovered 80 Portugueses victorious over 600 Moors and Patanes and 10 Vessels over 40. Not one Sail got off nor a Man escaped being killed or taken among the Dead was Fatecan Had they been under a Commander that knew how to make use of the Victory the Island must then have been their own This obliged them to choose a Head and they pitched upon Stephen Palmeyro a Man of Years Experience and Discretion He gave Proof hereof by refusing notwithstanding their repeated Instances to Command such wicked People However they desired him to appoint one and they would punctually obey him He named Sebastian Gonzales Tibao 6. As soon as the Commander was named they resolved to gain Sundiva More Portugueses were gathered from Bengala and other Neighbouring Ports Tibao articled with the King of Bacala That he would give him half the Revenue of the Island if he assisted him to conquer it The King sent some Ships and 200 Horse In March 1609 he had above 40 Sail and 400 Portugueses The Island having had time to provide for its Defence was full of Resolute Men. A great number of Moors commanded by Fâ—…tecan's Brother received them at Landing but were forced to retire into a Fort. The Portugueses besiege it and lying long before it were in danger of perishing not being able to come at the Provisions and Ammunition that were aboard their Vessels Gaspar de Pina a Spaniard delivered them from this Danger for he coming with his Ship to that Port and resolving to assist them landed 50 Men he was Captain of and marching by night with many Lights and great Noise made the Enemy believe he brought great Succour As soon as he came up the Fort was assaulted entred and all within that had life put to the Sword The Natives of the Island who before had been subject to the Portugueses presently submitted themselves to Sebastian Gonzales He received them upon condition they should deliver up to him all the Strangers that were in the Island They brought him above 1000 Moors and as they came he cut off their Heads about as many more were killed in the Fort. Thus Sebastian Gonzales became absolute Master of the Island and was obeyed by the Natives and Portugueses as an absolute Lord independent of any Prince and his Orders had the force of Laws 7. To recompence the chief Portugueses who had served him he gave them Lands in the Island and then repenting took them away In stead of giving the King of Bacala half the Revenue of the Island as had been agreed he made War upon him As he grew Great so he grew Insolent and Ungrateful and had now at Command 1000 Portugueses 2000 Natives well Armed 200 Horse and above 80 Sail with good Cannon Many Merchants traded thither and he erected a Custom-house The Neighbouring Kings surprized at his prodigious Success sought his Friendship From the King of Batecala to whom he owed so great Favours he took the Islands of Xavapur and Patelabauga and other Lands from others so that on a sudden he was possessed of vast Riches equal with many Princes and sovereign of many brave Men. But these Monsters are like Comets that last little and threaten lasting Ruin They are like Lightning that no sooner gives the flash but it is gone Let us proceed and we shall see this verified 8. Such was the fortune of Sebastian Gonzales in Sundiva when there happened a Difference between the Prince of Arracam and his Brother Anaporam the Occasion was that the latter refused to give the other an Elephant to which all other Elephants of that Country were said to allow a sort of Superiority and
convoyed those two Vessels to Malaca There he was received under a Canopy with great State and demonstrations of Love and Gratitude there also he soon fell sick in such manner that the seventh Day were buried with him the great hopes conceived of destroying the Hollanders by his Zeal Valour and Conduct The Galleys carrying the Body returned to his Nephew and the Vice-Admiral and he with them to Manila CHAP. VI. Continues the Government of the Viceroy D. Hierome de Azevedo in the Year 1615. 1. ABout this same time a Peace was concluded at Damam between the Portugueses and King Choutia Gonzalo Pinto de Fonseca was appointed to go to exchange the Ratifications The King would not come into our Dominions to swear it nor would we go into his those of the King of Sarceta tho' our Enemy and his Father-in-Law were agreed upon Pinto came to a Village appointed for this Ceremony with 400 Foot and 50 Horse and found the King there with 40 of the latter and 900 of the former Our Commissioner offer'd his Tent and the King his urging his Character It was accepted to avoid displeasing him The Quarrel had been about certain Lands the King pretended to and now quitting his Claim the Peace was solemnly sworn with satisfaction of both Parties He offered to serve our King with 1000 Foot and 200 Horse and that his Son should live at Damam to Command a Fleet at Sea He added pleasantly that he envied those who could be in Damam at the publick Feasts and caused Pinto with some of the chief Portugueses to go to his House saying the Queen was desirous of seeing him She saw him but not he her being behind a close Lettice The King made fresh offers and gave good Proofs of real Friendship 2. The same Gonçalo Pinto concluded a Peace with the Mogol The Articles were That Iahanguier King of the Mogols and the Viceroy should hold no Correspondence with English or Hollanders That they should harbour neither of those Nations in their Ports that they should be obliged to expel them the Sea of Guzarate in 3 Months after any of them came thither That if the English entred the Lock of Suratte the Portugueses should have leave to plant Guns ashore to drive them out That all Animosities laid aside the Mogols and Portugueses should Trade freely in each others Ports That Prisoners be restored on both sides That the King should restore all the Portugues Effects in his Kingdom after repaying himself 70000 Xerafines he had received Damage in a Ship that came from Meca That the Hulk of a Ship should be given to the Queen-Mother for one of hers burnt at Goa That the Viceroy should give leave for two Ships of his once and one every Year to Trade from Suratte to Meca without paying any Duties That the Malabars should be excluded the Ports of both Parties as pernicious Pirats That by this Peace the King of Portugal's Right to the Duties paid at Diu by the Ships that Trade in the Bay of Cambaya should be no way infriâ—…ged 3. About the middle of February Gonzalo Rodriguez de Sonsa came to the Moluco Islands with 6 Galliots of War and two of Merchants He was sent by the Viceroy with Succours D. Iohn de Silva Governor of Manila with his Spaniards were then besieged at Ternate by 11 Dutch Ships Sousa in sight of them relieved the Place and the Besiegers stood away to the Southward D. Iohn ordered two Galleys and a Pink with the Galliots to follow the Enemy who steered for Macassa These put the Towns of Arsula Best and the greater and lesser Manciolas to Fire and Sword They burnt Ships belonging to the Kings of Ternate Maquien Bacham and Cacoa who favoured the Holland Rebels Landing in the Kingdom of Corane they easily took the chief Fort the King who was in it flying for shelter to the Woods Returning aboard they discovered three great Ships in which came the King's Son-in-Law and Grandson to his aid the latter was taken the other killed On the 2d of April they arrived at Macassa aâ—… such time as the Admiral of the 11 Hollanders seen at Ternate was coming into that Port. After half a Day 's fight being upon the point of taking her a sudden Storm parted them Our Men returned to Ternate with Booty Provisions and more Ships than they carried out 4. In Ceylon our Gen. Em Mascarennas Homem marched against Candea with 14 Companies of Portugueses of 30 Men each and the Dissava's or Chiefs of the Natives Near the River of Candea fell so great a Rain there was no dry place to lie down and in the Morning they were all running Blood being bit by Leeches It appeared difficult to pass the River being then swelled but there being 11000 Men there they cut Trees and laying a Bridge over passed The Chingalas began to Skirmish chiefly at Night taking the advantage of the Woods We lost some Men. The like happened at the Entrance into the Kingdom of Uva 5. They marched to the City Babule Metropolis of that Kingdom burning all that lay in their way Three thousand of the Enemy who lay in Ambush near the City fell upon Simon Correa who led our Van but 600 Musqueteers charging them they fled to the Woods about 40 being killed on both sides The same happened in the Rear There being no Plunder in the City it was burnt and all Fruit-Trees cut down Our General spent 3 Months in this Expedition in March returned to Sofragan and thence to Malvane having done the Enemy great harm 6. In August he sent Peter Peixoto de Silva with 8 Companies to Tumpane another Inlet into the Kingdom of Candea towards the North a League from Balane He spared neither Sex nor Age for that the Tumpanenses had endeavoured to betray us to the Enemy The Lands of Archiapato of Candea were burnt but in a Village they cut off 20 of our Blacks in an Ambush 25 of them were slain in the same manner on their way to Matale Near Matale 70 more fell of 1500 that came to oppose us which caused them to quit the Field and Peixoto returned to Manicravare with 500 Prisoners and 2000 Head of Cattle some of them Elephants 7. After this the Dissava Philip de Oliveyra had much the same success making a Road into Candea with 10 Companies The success continued as long as Emanuel Mascarennas Homem commanded in that Island which was little above a Year every one wishing it had been much longer as much in respect of his Valour as Fortune and Affability CHAP. VII Continues the Government of the Viceroy D. Hierome de Azevedo in the Year 1615. 1. IN the Year 1608 we gave an account of the prodigious rise of Sebastian Gonzales Tibao who of a poor seller of Salt in a small Barque the Year 1605 in that of 1608 was become an absolute Sovereign without dependance on any Prince whatsoever It is now time to show the end of
marching towards Ancone that was in Rebellion Gaspar Pereyra Cabral being left behind wounded was carried by Cafres who run away from him Simoens understanding it went back with one Slave and helped to carry him on his own back An Act worthy of memory from a Captain to a Souldier The Rebel being subdued Simoens returned to Tete with the Emporor's two Sons They were baptized by the Names of Philip and Iames. The latter remained there the other went back to his Father 11. The Emperor thinking he could now overcome his Enemies without the assistance of Portugueses marched to the Kingdom of Baroe and was there defeated at Mongas he had a Son killed and Matuzianne usurped the whole Empire Iames Simoens restored him and possessed himself of Chicova Matuzianne raising new Forces was defeated and killed by the Portugueses D. Stephen de Ataide raised a Fort at Massapa and gave that Command to Iames Carvallo whom he sent to Monomotapa with a present to obtain the Delivery of the Mines 12. Carvallo went and told the Emperor he had a great Present but gave him none and he seeing the Portugueses entred his Lands for Gold without his consent caused all they had to be taken from them and many to be killed Carvallo had with him some Forces belonging to the Emperor with whose assistance he curbed the Robbers of Quizinga and supported himself He resolved to revenge the spoiling of the Portugueses by a horrid Treachery against those that served him for joining with the Quizinga's he one Night fell upon the Cafres and killing many put the rest to flight who justly cursed the falseness of the Portugueses 13. Carvallo fearful of his own Wickedness abandoned the Fort of Massapa and went to Tete leaving all the Country in Arms against the Portugueses All he acted was by order of D. Stephen de Ataide who in stead of appeasing the Emperor threatned him with War He sent out from Sena and by his order Carvallo raised another Fort on the Banks of Zambeze two days Journey from Tete Iames Simoens Madera was left to Command at Tete because Ataide returned to Moçambique hearing the Hollanders were coming thither D. Stephen perceiving no Dutch appeared in 6 months returned to Tete The Emperor sent to offer him Chicova if he would send the ordinary Present which was a Debt and no Gift D. Stephen would not so much as hear the Embassadors refusing to give a Present of 5000 Crowns which might have saved much greater Charges for above 30000 were already lost at Massapa to no purpose 14. D. Stephen set forward with 150 Men but being better advised expected News from Portugal and India In Iuly he received the King's Orders to go to Goa and give the Command of Tete to Iames Simoens and that of Moçambique to D. Iohn de Ataide the Viceroy's Brother D. Stephen obeyed against his Will leaving Simoens 140 Soldiers without any thing to maintain them in that dangerous Conquest However Simoens made the best on 't and resolved to proceed beginning with Chombe a powerful Cafre demanding of him what he owed as our Tributary and the Restitution of the Portugueses he had Some infamous Portugueses advised Chombe to take no notice of Simoens because he could do him no harm This caused that King first to slight and then to molest him in the Vessels wherein he sailed for Tete Simoens landing drove the Cafres so that they troubled him no more CHAP. X. Continues the Government of the Viceroy D. Hierome de Azevedo in the Year 1616. 1. JAmes Simoens Madera raising 6000 Cafres marched with them and his Portugueses against Chombe at the beginning of September One night they heard a Voice that said Chombe rejoyces at your coming and desires you will make haste for he is hungry and expects to feast upon your Bodies Simoens marched on and fortified himself close under the Enemies Works which were half a League in length and in breadth proportionable furnished with 8000 Men. Simoens attacks them twice but to no effect Next night a Cafre fled to the Enemy and from them a Christian Black Woman to us with Advice That Chombe would fall upon our Men before day Simoens expected them with silence and killing 1000 put the rest to flight 2. The Enemy proposes a Peace but nothing is concluded Simoens attempts their Works but without success he sends to the Commander of Senna for Succour who sends him 40 Portugueses and 3000 Cafres The Works were again assaulted in vain soon after some Deserters informed the Intrenchment was weakest on the side of a Lake Here the Assault was renewed the Works entred Chombe put to flight and the Place given to Quitamho a Cafre who faithfully served us on condition to pay what Chombe had denied 3. Iames Simoens was now bent upon the Conquest of the Silver Mines in Chicova The Emperor sent to acquaint him He again resigned those Mines to him upon condition he should not go thither with an Armed Power Simoens desired he would send one to put him in Possession thereof and to receive Cloth to the value of 4000 Ducats he had to present him The Emperor was satisfied and Simoens with Applause of all the Cafres took possession of Chicova on the 8th of May 1614. being put into it by Onanxangue a great Man Nephew to the Emperor The first thing he did was to raise a Fort there the next to joyn Friendship with a powerful Cafre called Sapoe and his Country Borore 4. The Lord of Chicova now subject to the Portugueses by virtue of the Emperor's Resignation withdrew himself from them so that Complaint was made thereof to the Emperor who gave leave to Depose him and put another in his Place sending a Cafre called Cherema to shew the Mines This Man twice deceived Simoens causing him to dig in Places where he had hid some Ore for which reason he was confined and then shewed another place of which some hope was conceived he excusing himself what was done had been by the Emperor's Order Nevertheless Simoens sent him a Present he detained the Messengers and sent word He would have Needles Pins Knives Looking-Glasses Candles Soap Zafran Pepper and some rich Silks He repented the giving of Chicova and sought occasion of Disagreement thinking that Simoens could not send what he damanded But he sending all things the Emperor seemed satisfied 5. That D. Philip the Emperor's Son whom Iames Simoens caused to be Baptized attempted several times to make his escape to the Portugueses and was taken at length he got to the Fort of Chicova and was joyfully received Hearing there that Chirema was fled to avoid discovering the Mines he sent for him pretending to be sent Embassador by his Father and having rebuked and secured him went himself to Tete The Emperor hearing hereof proffered great Rewards to any would kill his Son At the same time it fell out that a Soldier gathering some Fruit the Son of the Owner who was a powerful Man
forbid him the Soldier complains to his Captain Iames Teyxera Barroso who without farther examination shot the young Man The Father in Revenge of his Son's Death did the Portugueses much harm and the Emperor declared War because they entertained his Son against his will 6. In March 1615. 10000 Cafres assault the Fort but were forced thence with great loss Iames Simoens coming in time with Succour The Country being clear Simoens sent some Men with Cherema to discover the Mines after some days digging they discovered Ore whereof one half was pure Metal and some scarce wanted casting It appeared to be no cheat some being grown into the Roots of a Tree 7. Our Commander being assured there were rich Silver Mines resolved to send three great clods of Ore for a Proof to Spain The Messengers and Ore were received with great joy at Madrid Gaspar Bocarro was so ambitious of carrying this News that after the others were gone he gave 2000 Ducats to purchase the Employ and offered to go by Land at his own Expence but he ended his days at Moçambique 8. The excessive Heat caused a Sickness in the Fort of Chicova whereof the Soldiers died in 3 or 4 days Next followed a Famine which gave occasion to the Cafres who served the Fort and dug in the Mines to run away so that there was no Silver to buy Cloth and consequently no Cloth to purchase Provisions with at Sape it being the only Coin that passed there Iames Simoens had acquainted the Viceroy That Conquest could not be maintained without Relief The chief Sustenance of that Garison for some days was a small Fruit so harsh they could not swallow it unless rowled in Ashes 9. The Supplies were sent by the Viceroy to Moçambique but never reached Chicova which thereupon was abandoned The hatred the Lawyer Francis de Fonseca Pinto to whom the Viceroy had given the whole Charge of the Affair bore to Iames Simoens was the cause he was not Relieved and that important Place lost 10. This is that Francis de Fonseca Pinto who as was said before took the Command of Moçambique from Ruy de Melo Sampayo and had all Necessaries for Chicova as well of Provisions as Tools to work in the Mines But his hatred to Simoens diverted him from sending those Succors besides he sold all that was to relieve that Place and converted it to his own use and seized upon Ruy de Melo's Effects Iames Simoens pressed him by Letters for Relief in his last protesting with all his Men If the Place were lost the fault would lie upon him 11. All the Answer that insolent Fellow returned was putting Simoens his Nephew sent to conduct him in Irons Then he entred his Lands and destroyed all that was there selling his Slaves he forbid the Inhabitants on pain of Death corresponding with or relieving those of Chicova and sent word to the Emperor that he might freely kill Simoens for entring his Dominions without Orders from the Viceroy Not satisfied to procure his Ruin by those means he marched towards Chicova with intention to murder him Simoens understanding it withdrew thence and Pinto hearing of it though so near would not relieve the Fort not examine the Mines as he had in Orders but returned hastily to Tete fearing Iames Simoens should meet him But going back to the Fort caused the Notary to draw an Instrument containing the Causes why that Fort was abandoned to which they all signed This done they marched with their Women and Children towards Tete 12. Weakness caused them to march very slow and two Soldiers fell dead for want At Marenga Simoens received a Summons from Pinto to appear before him at Tete in 9 Days to answer for himself But knowing now he had quitted the Fort sent 2000 Cafres commanded by a Portugues to murder him they tho' the opportunity was presented would not do it Simoens stayed in the Country of Inambanzo which was his own and all the Company went to Tete There Pinto inquired of them whether there were any Mines at Chicova they all unanimouslâ—… answered there were But he in hatred to Simoens desiring to conceal them with Threats and Rewards prevailed with each of them single to swear there were none Then he gave Sentence against Simoens for abandoning the Fort not considering if there were no Mines there as he endeavoured to made out it was no Crime and that if any fault were it was his own since the other held it longer than could be required 13. This done Pinto Promises the Emperor a considerable Present if he would fall upon Simoens at Inambanzo The Emperor not only expelled Simoens those Lands but so distressed Tete that they were forced to make up the Present promised by Pinto to buy his absence the Emperor positively requiring it at their hands Iames Simoens afterwards returned to Tete being utterly ruined by his good Service and Pinto who had ruined all was enriched by his Villanies and Rapine This is what happened about the Mines of Monomotapa I will only add that the first Commander there Francis Barreto was undone by a Divine and now Iames Simoens the last by a Lawyer and the King by employing such Gownmen in things they understand not lost the great Advantages might be expected from those Mines CHAP. XI Continues the Government of the Viceroy D. Hierome de Azevedo the same Year 1616. 1. THE Inhabitants of the City Meliapor commonly called St. Thomas were all divided killing one another without any regard of Human or Divine Laws or any Shame that even the Moors and Gentiles abominated their Wickedness The occasion was what they call Points of Honour To appease these Disorders the Viceroy sent Ruy Diaz de Sampayo with 7 Sail and 250 Soldiers 2. Ruy Diaz performed all that was given in Charge to him and having reconciled the Citizens of S. Thomas sent 6 of his Ships to scour the Coast of Carriero under the Command of Peter Gomez de Sousa a Man more couragious than discreet At Montepoli he made cruel havock surprizing the Inhabitants As he returned with great Booty and many Women and Children an ancient Moor appeared upon the Shore who coming to our Men told them he was much wronged by Cotamuza King of Goloconda and therefore would not only turn Christian but show them a Fort meaning that of Carriero they might easily surprize This was all a Fiction devised by a Moor who seeing what was done by our Men had gathered 600 Moors and lay in Ambush to see whether Peter Gomez would suffer himself to be deceived by this Messenger 3. Peter Gomez though warned that all this was Treachery gave Credit to the Moor followed him a League and there fell into the Ambush where he and all his Captains save one that was left at St. Thomas with 130 Portugueses were all slain 25 taken and only 30 escaped by flight 186 Indians were killed in the Action 4. Ioseph Pereyra de Sampayo who was left Prisoner by
hindred the Lord from visiting him These Lucky beginnings moved Gama to attempt entring the Harbour but meeting some danger he Anchored above the Town which lies in 14 Degrees and half of South Latitude and is encompassed by the Sea the Land about it is low and unhealthy the Houses of Hurdles that of the Lord and the Mosque of Mud Walls the Inhabitants were Strangers and Moors this being between Quiloa which lies above and the Mine of Zofala below it This place was ever much accounted of by our Seamen being a most secure place to Winter in The Natives of the Continent are Black Here came aboard Gama three Ethiopians who as soon as they spied St. Gabriel painted on the Poop sell on their Knees as those who had always preserved Christianity which was preached among thâ—…m in the Primitive times though now with some corruption Vasco de Gama sent other Presents to the Lord and they concluded a Peace which was confirmed on our part by erecting a Cross there by the name of Sâ—… George But the Barbarians having deâ—…lly concluded this Agreement our Men going for Wood fourteen Boats fell upon them pouring in abundance of Arrows but being answered by our Cross-Bows and Guns they never offered to molest us a second time They sailed hence the 11th of March with one Morish Pilot he had hired two but the other fled Bad Weather obliged him to come to an Anchor again at St. Georges Island He took in Water by force of Arms the Blacks opposing it And they encreasing to 2000 he fired some Cannon which killing some the other with the fright fled to the Continent leaving many in our hands 5. The Xeque or Governour at first refused a Pilot he they had being fled but fearing it might be revenged sent another so wicked that he run the Ships among some Islands which were called del Acotado because the Pilot was there severely whipped for this fault This punishment instead of amendment provoked him to another fraud He persuaded Gama to take the Port of Quiloa by telling him there were Christians there but believing our Ships might be destroyed The Currents drove the Ships off and they came to an Anchor at the City Monbaza which is an Island made by a River that falls into the Sea by two Mouths The Buildings like those of Spain the Inhabitants all Moors without any mixture of Christians as the Pilot affirmed Our Commander sent a Present to the King and he deceitfully offered a kind reception This inclined Gama to enter the Port but it being God's Will to deliver him the Ships fell off and our Seamen making some extraordinary cry to bring them about some Moors who were aboard thought they were discovered taking this for a signal of Battle they all leaped overboard which undeceived the Commander who sailing on and chasing two Boats he took one with 13 Moors By them he was informed that not far off was the City Melinde and there several Vessels from India 6. Melinde is seated on the plainest of a Rocky Coast encompassed with Orchards Palm-trees and Woods of Fruit-trees the Buildings great and sightly the Country as well stored with Cattle as Fruit the Natives Pagans of Colour Swarthy of Body Strong the Women are counted beautiful from the Waste downwards they wear Silks and Cottons on the Head Veils with Gold-Laces Most of the Merchants who trade here are of Guzarat who in return of their Spice carry Gold Ivory Amber and Wax The King is a Mahometan and is served with State and Splendor Gama gave him an account of his Voyage by a Souldier and how he stood in need of a Pilot. Some Presents and Complements having passed between them they met on the Sea where the King was pleased above all with thâ—… gift of the 13 Moors not long before taken The Portugues feared the Moors kindness was deceitful but it proved otherwise for the effect of this interview was a lasting Peace faithfully observed by the Portugueses and Moors Here Gama discoursed with some Merchants of Cambaya who aboard his Ship were seen to worship an Image of our Lady which shewed there were yet among them some foot-steps of the Preaching of St. Thomas the Apostle He carried with him Melemo Cana of Guzarat finding him so expert in Navigation that being shewn an Astrolabe he took little notice of it as one who was used to more considerable Instruments With this Able Pilot Gama set forwards having first erected a Cross which he called of the Holy Ghost and crossing that great Gulph of 700 Leagues in twenty two days anchored 2 Leagues below Calecut 7. Whilst our Discoverers rejoice at their arrival in India let us give a general description of it referring the particulars to the arrival of our Ships in those parts The Region properly called India is that which lies between the two noble Rivers Indus or the West and Ganges on the East Of the first it takes Name as does the most Ancient Kingdom of Delhi the best and most powerful of this Country Hence the Persians call it Indostan On the South it is all girt by the vast Ocean Encompassed by those Rivers it makes a sort of Peninsula almost in the form of a Lozenge or Rhombus of equal Sides but not equal Angles The two most distant opposite Angles lie North and South the latter is made by Cape Comori the other towards the Fountains of the Rivers which though distant in the Mountains called by Ptolomy Imao yet running down the Rivers come almost to meet The distance between these Angles in a streight Line is about 400 Leagues The other two opposite Angles which lie East and West and are distant 300 Leagues are formed by the Mouths of the Rivers They encompass as much Land on their two sides as does the Ocean on the other two Though all this Country be inhabited by Heathens and Mahometans yet they differ in their Opinions and Customs as they are divided into several Kingdoms as Multan Delli Cospetir Bengala Orixa Mando Chitor and Guzarat commonly called Cambaya The Kingdom of Decan is divided into many Sovereignties with Character of Kings with that of Pale divided between both That of Bisnagat to whom are subject many Petty Princes and all the Province of Malabar divided into small Territories some absolute some subject to those already named Had not Nature set Bounds to Human Ambition separating these Countries with vast Rivers Mountains Lakes Woods and Deserts inhabited by sundry and innumerable Wild Beasts they had all doubtless been under the Command of one Lord. The most remarkable Bounder of this vast Continent is a long Ridge of Hills which the Natives call Gate that is Mountains they run about 200 Leagues from North to South on both sides between the Sea and the Hill run two long but narrow Plains for about 80 Leagues that on the West is called Malabar on the shoar whereof is seated the City Calicut It was then inhabited by Pagans
Mendoça Furtado returned to Goa where he found D. Hierome de Azevedo was then Viceroy Ruy Lorenço de Tavora was Viceroy three Years the 21th of that number 41th Governor and second of the Name and Sirname He had more Inclination to Peace than War which produced Concord with all the Kings of India of Stature tall his Complexion fair aged and a good Christian a rare thing among Men of Quality CHAP. XI Of the Propagation of the Christian Faith in China 1. THough these Affairs properly appertain to the Ecclesiastical History of which I design a particular Volume yet for the satisfaction of those who desire some Information herein and having at the end of the First Part said somewhat touching the first entrance of Christianity in China I will here briefly relate its Progress till the Year 1640 though it be anticipating the Time that the Relation may not be too much dismembred and because that Order is chiefly observed by me in Martial Affairs 2. The four Houses or Residences of Xancheu Nancham Nanking and Peking being setled F. Emanuel Diaz was sent as Visitor of the three first because F. Matthew Rivius could not be spared from the other which was the Soul of them all The Visitor-General Valiniano setled 30 Crowns a Year upon each Residence finding it sufficient to cloath and maintain the Religious who were to live there that they might not obstruct the advancement of the Faith by the necessity of asking any thing 3. The Visitor sent new Fathers to all the Residences In the Year 1604 Cuitayso was Baptized till then he only gave ear to it but was the cause that many were converted and procured the Foundation at Nanking He was called Ignatius In the Year 1606 died the Visitor Valiniano at Macao Nicholas Pimenta succeeded him 4. F. Matthew Rivius died at Peking in the Year 1610 the King appointed his place of Burial and allotted his Companions a House and Church The Mandarins and others celebrated his Funeral with great demonstrations of esteem He was the first buried in that country for all that died before were carried to Macao 5. The Year 1613 the Religious were expelled Hancheu and coming to the City Nanhiun built a Church there and afterwards others In the Year 1616 there were 7 Residences two at Peking one of them without the Walls one at Nanking one at Hancheu one at Nancham one at Caiyeu and one at Nanhiun In them all were 22 Fathers the Converts amounted to 6000 among them many Nobles Lawyers and Mandarines and some Bonzo's 6. The Year 1617 the Religious were expelled from all their Residences the Persecution began at Nanking Some escaped to Quantung and Macao 14 remained hid in China who were afterwards called by other Cities to erect new Foundations One was at Kiencham in the Province of Kiangsi through the means of a Lawyer who was converted and christned Stephen Another at Xambay in the Country of Paul the Doctor Another at Quartim in the Province of Nanking which City it could serve without a Residence there but the Fathers were restored to it by the assistance of Doctor Michael a great Admirer of them and of Christianity and afterwards one of the most famous Preachers of the Gospel By degrees the Persecution ceased and the Fathers were every where restored Two new Residencies were erected in the Cities of Xansi and Xensi and some of those that had been banished returned from Macao 7. The Year 1622 two other Residences were setled in the Province of Fokien another at Xansi another at Xensi another at Honan All things went on successfully and the Year 1630 the Converts came in by hundreds afterwards by thousands 8. In the Year 1634 there were in China 22 European Fathers and 4 Brothers greatly esteemed by the Mandarins and other Persons of Note A Prince of the Province of Xantung sent for some Fathers to hear their Doctrine so did other Provinces afterwards 9. At Peking there were 288 Converts among them Mandarines Lawyers and Soldiers one Eunuch and one Bonzo which is considerable they being a sort of Priests he converted his Father and some Relations 10. At Nanking 70 Converts and a Noble Eunuch of 75 Years of Age. The Christians here were so zealous that when the Fathers removed a Lawyer and his Nephew carrying the Vestments and other Church-stuff on their backs and being told by the Father The Servants might do it They replied It was not fit any body should carry the Things of the Church but they who were proud to be Porters to Iesus Christ. 11. At Kiamcheu and Pucheu almost 2000 Converts at a time when the three greatest Calamities of this World succeeded each other The first was Famine which raged to that degree they eat one another two Women were shot to Death being convicted of eating 40 Children A Father and Mother rather than see their Child perish in their Arms cast it into a River and themselves after it Others buried a Child alive a Christian call'd Peter saved both the Children and brought them up The next Calamity was War and the third the Plague 12. At Hancheu in the Province of Chekiang the Converts amounted not to 150. At Xamhay 400. At Narcham only 26. At Quiencham 80. In the City Fokien 257 and many in the Country At Singam not 100 by reason of the Famine that raged as at Quiamcheu they eat the Dead ground Stones and used the Dust in stead of Meal Some at Hoacheu and the Neighbourhood At Honan but 30. In the Kingdom of Hannam which the Portugueses call Tonking almost 100000. 13. Thomas a Native of Thinhoa laboured in the Kingdom of the Lao'â—… That People is white good conditioned and have no Thieves among them Those of Hannam undervalue them for eating of Vermin They wear narrow Gowns their Feet bare the Head commonly uncovered their Hair round and short like a Lay-Brother only one Lock on the Temples which is run through holes made to that purpose in the Ears they adore an Idol called Theica with the same Ceremonies those of Hannam worship their Tham. They Trade into this Kingdom their Merchandize Elephants Buda's Skins Benjamin and Amber 14. At Dangthan 2441 Converts and many at Thinhoa At Nighihan 4200 the Residence is at Rumo there are 26 Churches and the Divine Offices are celebrated with much magnificence In Bochinh a half Province next Cochinchina 130 were Baptized In an Orchard here was found a Tree brought from the Laos the Leaves whereof gain him that carries them the Affection of all he meets and Reconcile them if Enemies Being examined whether it was not Superstition it was judged to be a Natural Virtue 15. In the Year 1635 there were not above 3300 Converted among all the Residences The House at Chincheo was then first founded A Church was erected in the Town of Yunchum and another in the City Chancheu Now there will be a greater Fruit reaped because the King protects and countenances the Religious
and their Doctrine and in the Year 1638 gave them 2000 Taes or Crowns to buy a House and Land He also granted them what was more than they could have wished to put over their Door this Inscription I the King Approve of and Protect the Science of Heaven 16. In fine there are now in China this Year 1640. above 100000 Catholicks and among them many Nobles Mandarines some Bonzos and Eunuchs Of Mandarines and Colao's the most admirable were 3 or 4 Pauls one Michael one Ignatius one Leo and one Stephen who were not only Converted but Preached the Faith with great Elegancy and much Profit The great Colao Paul herein surpassed all others 17. The Jesuits at this time in China have twelve principal Residences in the chief Provinces and capital Cities under these above 500 private Oratories with hundreds of Christians belonging to each They have also gained good footing about the Neighbouring Countries as in Tomking Cochinchina Cambodia Laos and other Kingdoms In these last Countries between 10 and 15000 Souls are converted every Year 18. The King of China himself casts down Idols and orders the Prince his Son to fall down before the Images of Iesus and Mary The Queen in her Apartment gives ear to what the converted Eunuchs say concerning our Religion Mass is often celebrated in the Palace and there is great hope of the King whose Piety and Zeal have inclined him to respect the Divine Law insomuch that our Religious have been joyed upon his Conversion 19. What wonderful Accidents have happened and Miracles been wrought in the Conversion of those Christians are set down in sundry particular Relations and in the History of China and are not so proper for this which is only a profane History Besides that being miraculous to some Readers they will appear as Fictions those who are curious may see them in the aforesaid History and Relations Having given the substance of what was writ on a Stone found in China at the end of the Second Volume it will be needless to repeat the whole which is long and is no more than the same thing in many more Words What has been said relating to China in these two Volumes may deserve the Credit of all Men as being the Observations of the Curious as well as Learned and Pious F. Alvaro Semmedo who spent 22 years Preaching and Teaching in that Country The End of the Second Part. THE PORTUGUES ASIA TOM III. PART III. CHAP. I. The Government of the Viceroy D. Hierome de Azevedo from the Year 1612 till 1617. 1. AT the end of last Year came to India the King's Orders for D. Hierome de Azevedo to succeed Ruy Lorenço de Tavora as Viceroy This Gentleman had purchased a great Name by many Years service and chiefly by 18 spent in Ceylon a Thing rare for one who had also gathered great Riches Not that Riches make a Man incapable of a good Name but because commonly the means of acquiring them contribute much to stain it The Fame of his Substance contributed as much as that of his Valour tâ—… his Promotion to this Employment it being thought that he who had so much would be less guilty of those Crimes that proceed from Avarice whereas Experience teaches that those who have most covet most But D. Hierome had offered to accept of that Post without the usual Salary yet afterwards he received it making that a Crime by breaking his Promise which had been none if not offered 2. On Christmas Eve Ruy Lorenço de Tavora delivered him the Sword and the first thing he did was to forbid the payment of Debts contracted by his Predecessor who resolved not to depart India till the payment of them was secured as well for his own Reputation as in respect no Viceroy for the future would be able to get any Money advanced upon the urgent Necessities of the State if that ill Precedent was given and his Debts were all on the account of the Publick At length it was concluded they should be paid as Tavora had ordered The next Action of the Viceroy was to dispatch Danisbeque Sedesable Embassador from Abas the Xa or King of Persia who falsly courted the Friendship of all those Princes he designed to spoil promising each great Advantages and stirring them up one against the other Thus he Treated with King Philip in Spain and King Iames in England which he found most suitable to his Designs Thus he had taken the Island Baharem and strove to possess himself of Ormuz 3. Danisbeque was returned from Spain with the Answer of his Embassy and besides what the King had given him in return for a Present of Silks he carried the Viceroy had Orders to add something at his discretion He added the value of 12000 Crowns in Spice which in Persia was worth much more and having nobly entertained him sent away with him D. F. Antony de Gouvea Bishop of Sirene who also came from Spain and went to propogate Christianity which had but a slender beginning there The Bishop went no farther than Ormuz for the Persians being already ill-affected towards him he feared it would be worse when the Embassador had delivered his Answer So it happened for the King finding the Embassador brought not the Return he expected caused him to be killed and obliged 6000 Armenians to renounce the Faith 4. The Viceroy as well versed in the Affairs of Ceylon gave the necessary Orders for its preservation recommending the putting them in execution to Antony Vaz Feyre Surveyor of the Revenue in that Island Antony Pinto de Fonseca who had served well in Flanders and was now Visitor of the Forts in India with the Viceroy's Leave went to perform the Duties of his Employ D. Henry de Noronna being confirmed in the Command of the Coast of Malabar given him by Ruy Lorenço united the Kings of Vanguel Sierra and Carnate against Ventapanaique on pretence of their safety whereas indeed it was to secure our selves against him in whose Dominions we held Braçalor and Onor 5. This done D. Henry steered for the Coast of Malabar with 28 Sail. Andrew Coello was sent by the late Governour with 3 Ships to relieve Palicate and Siriam and being now driven by stress of Weather to Columbo they were beaten to pieces on that Coast but the Men saved 6. When D. Hierome came from Ceylon to be Viceroy he gave the supream Command there to Fran. Rojo a Man of unknown Birth but noted Valour and by his Courage had attained to the greatest Preferments It was since found that he was of the Family of Meneses as being Son to D. Iames Count de Ericeyra and Grandson to D. Henry de Meneses who was Governour of India 7. This D. Francis de Meneses Rojo being General in that Island and understanding the King of Candea lay before the Fort of Balane and the Commander Emanuel Falcam was in some â—…anger he instantly set out with a very small number spreading his Orders for