house_n they_o may_v spend_v the_o more_o time_n in_o the_o dispatch_n of_o business_n the_o hall_n be_v for_o the_o pronotary_n and_o clerk_n and_o other_o inferior_a officer_n the_o two_o other_o division_n of_o room_n and_o court_n one_o within_o another_o belong_v to_o the_o inferior_a tribunal_n which_o be_v subordinate_a to_o the_o supreme_a tribunal_n for_o which_o the_o palace_n be_v design_v these_o petty_a tribunal_n be_v more_o or_o less_o numerous_a according_a to_o the_o business_n that_o come_v under_o their_o cognisance_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v in_o due_a time_n the_o manner_n of_o proceed_v in_o these_o six_o tribunal_n be_v this_o when_o a_o man_n have_v any_o business_n he_o set_v it_o down_o in_o a_o paper_n of_o such_o a_o form_n and_o largeness_n as_o the_o custom_n allow_v then_o he_o go_v to_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o tribunal_n and_o beat_v upon_o a_o drum_n which_o he_o find_v at_o the_o second_o gate_n and_o then_o fall_v upon_o his_o knee_n he_o raise_v his_o petition_n with_o both_o his_o hand_n as_o high_a as_o his_o head_n at_o what_o time_n the_o officer_n appoint_v for_o that_o employment_n take_v his_o paper_n from_o he_o he_o carry_v it_o to_o the_o mandarin_n of_o the_o great_a hall_n who_o give_v it_o to_o the_o first_o precedent_n or_o in_o his_o absence_n to_o his_o assessor_n who_o have_v read_v it_o either_o admit_v or_o reject_v it_o if_o they_o do_v not_o add_v mit_fw-fr it_o they_o send_v the_o petitioner_n his_o paper_n again_o and_o many_o time_n order_v he_o to_o be_v sound_o whip_v for_o trouble_v the_o court_n with_o a_o causeless_a suit_n or_o for_o any_o other_o sufficient_a reason_n of_o their_o dislike_n if_o the_o paper_n be_v admit_v the_o first_o precedent_n send_v it_o to_o the_o inferior_a tribunal_n to_o who_o this_o sort_n of_o business_n belong_v to_o examine_v the_o cause_n and_o give_v their_o opinion_n after_o this_o tribunal_n have_v examine_v the_o matter_n and_o give_v their_o judgement_n they_o send_v it_o back_o to_o the_o chief_a precedent_n who_o then_o give_v sentence_n either_o add_v moderate_v or_o confirm_v without_o any_o alteration_n the_o sentence_n of_o the_o low_a court._n if_o the_o business_n be_v of_o great_a concernment_n he_o order_v the_o same_o tribunal_n to_o draw_v up_o the_o case_n in_o writing_n which_o have_v read_v together_o with_o his_o assessor_n he_o send_v it_o to_o the_o mandarin_n controler_n and_o he_o to_o the_o supreme_a tribunal_n of_o the_o counsellor_n of_o state_n that_o be_v lodge_v in_o the_o king_n palace_n this_o tribunal_n examine_v the_o cause_n and_o inform_v his_o majesty_n who_o most_o common_o order_v the_o tribunal_n to_o re-examine_a it_o then_o the_o counsellor_n of_o state_n send_v back_o the_o case_n to_o the_o controller_n who_o after_o he_o have_v see_v the_o king_n order_n send_v it_o to_o the_o chief_a precedent_n who_o cause_v it_o once_o more_o to_o be_v examine_v and_o then_o send_v it_o back_o to_o the_o controller_n the_o controller_n to_o the_o counsellor_n of_o state_n and_o they_o to_o the_o emperor_n who_o then_o give_v his_o definitive_a sentence_n that_o sentence_n return_v the_o same_o way_n to_o the_o first_o precedent_n who_o give_v notice_n of_o it_o to_o both_o party_n and_o so_o the_o suit_n be_v end_v if_o it_o be_v a_o business_n which_o the_o provincial_a tribunal_n send_v to_o the_o court_n the_o case_n be_v seal_v up_o and_o direct_v to_o the_o king_n controller_n the_o controller_n open_v and_o read_v it_o and_o then_o send_v it_o to_o the_o chief_a precedent_n who_o proceed_v as_o before_o be_v recite_v will_v but_o the_o mandarin_n in_o their_o judicial_a proceed_n act_v conformable_a to_o the_o law_n and_o the_o intention_n of_o their_o prince_n china_n will_v be_v the_o most_o happy_a and_o best_a govern_v country_n in_o the_o world_n but_o as_o exact_a as_o they_o be_v in_o the_o outward_a observance_n of_o their_o formality_n as_o hypocritical_a as_o wicked_a and_o cruel_a be_v they_o in_o their_o heart_n their_o trick_n and_o cheat_n be_v so_o numerous_a that_o a_o large_a volume_n will_v not_o suffice_v to_o contain_v they_o i_o shall_v therefore_o say_v no_o more_o than_o only_a this_o that_o it_o be_v a_o rare_a thing_n to_o meet_v with_o a_o mandarin_n that_o be_v free_a from_o avarice_n and_o corruption_n they_o never_o consider_v the_o justice_n or_o injustice_n of_o a_o cause_n but_o those_o that_o give_v most_o money_n or_o send_v most_o present_n so_o that_o whether_o life_n estate_n or_o honour_o at_o stake_n those_o insatiable_a and_o sanguinary_a judge_n have_v no_o regard_n to_o either_o but_o only_o like_o so_o many_o ravenous_a wolf_n to_o gorge_v their_o sacrilegious_a avarice_n and_o what_o we_o have_v hitherto_o say_v be_v common_a to_o all_o the_o six_o tribunal_n but_o now_o to_o speak_v of_o every_o one_o in_o particular_a the_o first_o of_o these_o six_o tribunal_n be_v call_v li_n pu_o who_o business_n it_o be_v to_o furnish_v the_o empire_n with_o superior_a and_o inferior_a mandarin_n to_o examine_v their_o merit_n and_o miscarriage_n and_o to_o inform_v the_o king_n to_o the_o end_n he_o may_v either_o prefer_v or_o disgrace_v they_o reward_n or_o punish_v they_o in_o the_o palace_n belong_v to_o this_o tribunal_n be_v four_o other_o inferior_a tribunal_n the_o first_o of_o which_o be_v call_v venus_n sinen_n su_n or_o the_o tribunal_n which_o make_v choice_n of_o such_o person_n as_o be_v qualify_v with_o knowledge_n and_o other_o endowment_n requisite_a to_o fit_v they_o for_o the_o honour_n of_o be_v mandarin_n the_o second_o cao_n cum_fw-la sum_o which_o examine_v the_o good_a or_o bad_a behaviour_n and_o conduct_n of_o the_o say_a mandarin_n the_o three_o nien_z fum_o sum_o who_o business_n it_o be_v to_o seal_v judicial_a act_n to_o give_v the_o seal_n to_o every_o mandarin_n and_o to_o examine_v whether_o the_o seal_n which_o be_v bring_v to_o court_n or_o send_v away_o be_v true_a or_o counterfeit_n the_o four_o ki_v hium_fw-la su_fw-es or_o the_o tribunal_n who_o business_n it_o be_v to_o examine_v the_o merit_n of_o the_o great_a lord_n as_o the_o petty_a king_n of_o the_o blood_n royal_a the_o duke_n marquess_n and_o the_o like_a which_o the_o chineses_n call_v hiun_n chin_n or_o ancient_a vassal_n who_o have_v perform_v great_a service_n in_o the_o war_n when_o the_o reign_v family_n conquer_v the_o empire_n the_o second_o superior_a tribunal_n be_v call_v hu_o pu_o which_o signify_v the_o king_n lord_n high_a treasurer_n this_o tribunal_n oversee_v the_o treasure_n the_o receipt_n and_o expense_n the_o revenue_n and_o tribute_n of_o the_o king_n distribute_v the_o pension_n and_o the_o quantity_n of_o rice_n the_o piece_n of_o silk_n and_o the_o money_n which_o the_o king_n give_v to_o all_o the_o petty_a prince_n and_o other_o grandee_n and_o to_o all_o the_o mandarin_n of_o the_o empire_n this_o tribunal_n keep_v the_o roll_n or_o catalogue_n which_o be_v make_v every_o year_n with_o great_a exactness_n of_o all_o the_o family_n of_o all_o the_o man_n the_o measure_n of_o land_n and_o duty_n which_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o pay_v and_o of_o the_o public_a magazine_n here_o for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o that_o which_o follow_v we_o be_v to_o understand_v that_o although_o there_o be_v fifteen_o province_n in_o china_n yet_o in_o the_o public_a register_n and_o according_a to_o the_o usual_a manner_n of_o speak_v they_o say_v fourteen_o province_n and_o a_o court._n for_o say_v the_o chineses_n the_o province_n where_o the_o court_n reside_v be_v not_o in_o subjection_n but_o command_n and_o therefore_o they_o never_o reckon_v it_o in_o the_o number_n of_o the_o other_o province_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v that_o in_o the_o six_o superior_a tribunal_n there_o be_v not_o any_o inferior_a tribunal_n appoint_v for_o the_o affair_n of_o pekim_n but_o the_o chief_a precedent_n send_v they_o to_o one_o or_o two_o of_o the_o inferior_a tribunal_n appoint_v for_o other_o province_n as_o he_o think_v â—…it_a this_o be_v thus_o promise_v the_o superior_a tribunal_n of_o the_o exchequer_n have_v on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o palace_n belong_v to_o it_o fourteen_o inferior_a tribunal_n which_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o the_o province_n to_o which_o it_o belong_v as_o for_o example_n the_o tribunal_n of_o the_o province_n of_o honorio_n nan_n the_o tribunal_n of_o the_o province_n of_o can_v ton_v and_o so_o of_o the_o rest_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o precede_a family_n they_o reckon_v but_o thirteen_o province_n and_o two_o court_n for_o that_o the_o city_n of_o nan_n kâ—…_n be_v a_o royal_a court_n as_o well_o as_o pe_n kim_v and_o have_v also_o six_o superior_a tribunal_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n subordinate_a to_o they_o as_o now_o at_o pe_n kim_v but_o the_o tartar_n deprive_v it_o of_o the_o
able_a to_o grant_v these_o blessing_n to_o they_o that_o he_o can_v bestow_v they_o upon_o himself_o which_o be_v real_o so_o we_o reply_v that_o see_v the_o pagod_n derive_v all_o the_o power_n he_o have_v from_o the_o king_n and_o that_o the_o king_n can_v give_v he_o that_o power_n which_o he_o have_v not_o himself_o as_o you_o yourselves_o confess_v it_o follow_v evident_o that_o the_o pagod_n have_v no_o power_n at_o all_o they_o understand_v the_o force_n of_o reason_n well_o enough_o and_o some_o of_o they_o abandon_v their_o error_n to_o embrace_v the_o truth_n but_o for_o the_o most_o part_n they_o answer_v with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o civility_n tsai_n lai_o limb_n kiao_n we_o will_v return_v another_o time_n to_o hear_v your_o doctrine_n which_o be_v the_o very_a same_o answer_n which_o the_o arâ—…opagites_n make_v st._n paul._n we_o now_o come_v to_o the_o revenue_n of_o this_o puissant_a monarch_n which_o be_v pay_v into_o his_o treasure_n and_o magazine_n every_a year_n there_o be_v pave_v into_o the_o treasury_n every_o year_n eighteen_o million_o and_o six_o hundr'd_o thousand_o crown_n in_o silver_n not_o include_v his_o toll_n and_o custom_n upon_o what_o be_v buy_v and_o sell_v over_o the_o whole_a empire_n nor_o the_o profit_n of_o some_o million_o which_o the_o king_n lend_v at_o excessive_a interest_n nor_o the_o revenue_n of_o his_o crown_n land_n his_o wood_n and_o garden_n which_o be_v very_o great_a nor_o the_o money_n which_o come_v by_o conâ—…scations_n which_o happen_v every_o day_n in_o that_o court_n and_o the_o sales_n of_o good_n immovable_a consiscate_v for_o high_a treason_n and_o leavy_v upon_o the_o estate_n of_o rebel_n robber_n of_o the_o king_n money_n or_o that_o rob_v the_o people_n of_o a_o thousand_o crown_n and_o upward_o or_o that_o be_v convict_v of_o heinous_a crime_n or_o commit_v great_a miscarriage_n in_o the_o exercise_n of_o their_o trust_n or_o in_o several_a other_o case_n where_o the_o avarice_n of_o the_o chief_a minister_n resolve_v to_o have_v a_o pretence_n to_o despoil_v their_o inferior_n there_o be_v pay_v into_o the_o treasury_n under_o the_o name_n of_o the_o queen_n revenue_n eighteen_o hundred_o twenty_o three_o thousand_o nine_o hundred_o sixty_o two_o crown_n into_o the_o magazine_n of_o the_o court_n be_v carry_v every_o year_n forty_o three_o million_o three_o hundred_o twenty_o eight_o thousand_o eight_o hundred_o thirty_o four_o sack_n of_o rice_n and_o wheat_n 2._o thirteen_o hundred_o and_o fifteen_o thousand_o nine_o hundred_o thirty_o seven_o loaf_n of_o salt_n each_o loaf_n weigh_v fifty_o pound_n 3._o two_o hundred_o fifty_o eight_o pound_n of_o very_a â—…ine_n vermillion_n 4._o fourscore_o and_o fourteen_o thousand_o seven_o hundred_o thirty_o seven_o pound_n of_o varnish_n 5._o thirty_o eight_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o pound_n of_o dry_a fruit_n as_o raisin_n figgs_n wallnut_n chestnut_n etc._n etc._n into_o the_o king_n wardrobe_n be_v bring_v sixteen_o hundred_o fifty_o five_o thousand_o four_o hundred_o thirty_o two_o pound_n of_o piece_n of_o silk_n of_o several_a colour_n as_o velvet_n satin_n damask_n and_o other_o sort_n not_o include_v the_o royal_a habit_n which_o be_v bring_v in_o the_o bark_n of_o which_o we_o have_v already_o speak_v 2._o four_o hundred_o seventy_o six_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o and_o seventy_o piece_n of_o slight_a silk_n such_o as_o the_o chineses_n wear_v in_o summer_n 3._o two_o hundred_o seventy_o two_o thousand_o nine_o hundred_o and_o three_o pound_n of_o raw_a silk_n 4._o three_o hundred_o fourscore_o and_o sixteen_o thousand_o four_o hundred_o and_o fourscore_o piece_n of_o cotton_n cloth_n 5._o four_o hundred_o sixty_o four_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o and_o seventeen_o pound_n of_o cotton_n 6._o fifty_o sixty_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o and_o fourscore_o piece_n of_o â—…axen_a cloth_n last_o twenty_o one_o thousand_o four_o hundred_o and_o seventy_o sack_n of_o bean_n for_o the_o king_n horse_n instead_o of_o oat_n and_o two_o million_o five_o hundred_o fourscore_o and_o eighteen_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o fourscore_o and_o three_o bottle_n of_o straw_n every_o bottle_n weigh_v fifteen_o pound_n these_o two_o last_o proportion_n be_v so_o order_v under_o the_o chinese_n king_n but_o at_o present_a they_o be_v advance_v to_o treble_a nay_o quadruple_a the_o quantity_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a number_n of_o horse_n which_o the_o tartar_n keep_v beside_o these_o thing_n which_o i_o take_v out_o of_o the_o chinese_n author_n already_o quote_v there_o be_v several_a other_o sort_n of_o provision_n bring_v to_o court_n as_o the_o particular_a duty_n be_v of_o tenant_n and_o proprietour_n of_o land_n as_o ox_n sheep_n pig_n goose_n duck_n hen_n and_o other_o domestic_a fowl_n also_o venison_n oâ—…_n wild_a flesh_n as_o bear_n deer_n hare_n rabbit_n pheasant_n partridge_n with_o other_o land_n and_o water_n fowl_n fish_n as_o barbel_n trout_n very_o large_a and_o several_a other_o sort_n all_o excellent_a in_o their_o kind_n of_o which_o i_o can_v give_v the_o name_n in_o portuguese_n all_o sort_n of_o garden_n herb_n as_o green_a and_o fresh_a in_o the_o middle_n of_o winter_n which_o be_v very_o sharp_a in_o that_o court_n as_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o spring_n wherein_o we_o must_v acknowledge_v the_o wonderful_a industry_n of_o that_o nation_n for_o they_o preserve_v all_o those_o sort_n of_o plant_n in_o place_n prepare_v on_o purpose_n or_o else_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o subterraneal_a oven_n which_o they_o warm_a to_o what_o degree_n of_o heat_n they_o please_v so_o that_o you_o can_v believe_v it_o to_o be_v a_o artificial_a heat_n unless_o you_o see_v it_o they_o also_o bring_v oil_n butter_n vinegar_n and_o all_o sort_n of_o spice_n precious_a wine_n from_o all_o part_n and_o various_a composition_n of_o water_n meal_n bread_n marchpane_n and_o biscuit_n of_o several_a sort_n together_o with_o all_o manner_n of_o fruit_n which_o we_o have_v in_o europe_n melon_n cucumber_n grape_n cherry_n peach_n pear_n apple_n and_o many_o other_o sort_n which_o we_o have_v not_o i_o can_v tell_v the_o precise_a quantity_n of_o these_o thing_n which_o be_v daily_o bring_v to_o the_o court_n however_o i_o can_v safe_o say_v there_o be_v such_o a_o abundance_n of_o every_o thing_n that_o it_o be_v almost_o incredible_a and_o will_v be_v more_o surprise_v be_v i_o able_a to_o give_v you_o a_o just_a account_n and_o therefore_o to_o give_v the_o reader_n a_o idea_n of_o the_o plenty_n i_o have_v see_v i_o shall_v only_o add_v this_o short_a relation_n upon_o the_o eight_o of_o december_n 1669._o the_o king_n order_v three_o mandarin_n to_o come_v and_o burn_v incense_n before_o the_o tomb_n of_o father_n john_n adam_n on_o purpose_n to_o do_v he_o a_o particular_a honour_n and_o far_o order_v three_o hundred_o twenty_o five_o crown_n to_o be_v give_v to_o the_o three_o father_n then_o at_o court_n of_o which_o i_o be_v one_o to_o defray_v the_o charge_n of_o his_o funeral_n several_a mandarin_n that_o be_v our_o friend_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o christian_n of_o pekim_n invite_v themselves_o to_o the_o ceremony_n which_o be_v very_o neat_a and_o exact_o perform_v but_o that_o be_v not_o to_o my_o purpose_n the_o next_o day_n we_o go_v according_a to_o custom_n to_o return_v our_o humble_a thanks_o to_o the_o emperor_n for_o so_o extraordinary_a a_o favour_n which_o when_o we_o have_v do_v his_o majesty_n send_v a_o messenger_n to_o we_o to_o bid_v we_o stay_v for_o that_o he_o have_v something_o more_o to_o say_v to_o we_o we_o wait_v above_o a_o hour_n and_o about_o three_o a_o clock_n in_o the_o afternoon_n we_o be_v carry_v into_o the_o royal_a hall_n where_o the_o emperor_n be_v seat_v in_o his_o throne_n and_o command_v we_o to_o seat_v ourselves_o at_o the_o first_o table_n of_o the_o three_o rank_n on_o the_o right_a side_n we_o obey_v and_o then_o most_o of_o the_o principal_a officer_n that_o reside_v in_o the_o court_n among_o which_o many_o be_v of_o the_o blood_n royal_a take_v their_o place_n according_a to_o their_o degree_n there_o be_v two_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o table_n and_o upon_o every_o one_o four_o and_o twenty_o silver_n plate_n about_o a_o hand_n breadth_n and_o a_o half_a in_o diameter_n set_v one_o above_o another_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o tartar_n that_o be_v to_o say_v one_o upon_o the_o table_n the_o rest_n at_o a_o distance_n one_o from_o another_o in_o the_o air_n their_o edge_n be_v support_v by_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o first_o all_o full_a of_o viand_n and_o several_a sort_n of_o fruit_n and_o comfiture_n but_o without_o any_o potage_n at_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o feast_n the_o emperor_n send_v we_o from_o his_o own_o table_n two_o plate_n of_o gold_n as_o big_a as_o the_o silver_n one_o full_a of_o preserve_v and_o excellent_o
cambalu_n and_o many_o other_o city_n and_o country_n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o extent_n and_o division_n of_o china_n of_o the_o number_n of_o the_o city_n and_o other_o wall_a town_n and_o some_o other_o particular_n observe_v by_o the_o chinese_n author_n it_o be_v now_o eighteen_o year_n since_o father_n francis_n fierrado_n vice-provincial_a of_o china_n and_o afterward_o visitor_n of_o japan_n and_o china_n order_v i_o to_o write_v the_o history_n of_o this_o empire_n and_o the_o progress_n of_o the_o gospel_n there_o first_o begin_v to_o be_v preach_v now_o fourscore_o and_o thirteen_o year_n ago_o but_o the_o employment_n of_o the_o mission_n and_o the_o persecution_n we_o have_v undergo_v have_v hinder_v i_o from_o go_v on_o with_o it_o the_o father_n nicholas_n trigaut_n a_o fleming_n alvero_n semedo_n a_o portugese_n martini_n native_a of_o trent_n antony_n govea_n and_o ignatius_n de_fw-fr costa_n in_o their_o yearly_a relation_n have_v treat_v very_o large_o upon_o this_o subject_a but_o the_o beauty_n the_o grandeur_n and_o the_o antiquity_n of_o this_o empire_n be_v such_o copious_a subject_n that_o though_o there_o have_v be_v much_o already_o write_v concern_v they_o yet_o there_o remain_v much_o more_o to_o be_v say_v wherefore_o i_o think_v it_o my_o duty_n to_o set_v down_o in_o this_o place_n the_o chief_a observation_n which_o i_o have_v collect_v together_o china_n be_v seat_v almost_o at_o the_o utmost_a extremity_n of_o asia_n towards_o the_o east_n it_o lie_v under_o twenty_o three_o degree_n from_o north_n to_o south_n from_o the_o fortress_n of_o caiazzo_n pim_n place_v upon_o the_o frontier_n of_o the_o province_n of_o pekim_n in_o forty_o one_o degree_n of_o latitude_n to_o the_o meridional_a point_n of_o the_o island_n of_o hai_o nan_n in_o eighteen_o degree_n of_o elevation_n and_o a_o to_o the_o south_n of_o the_o province_n of_o quamtum_fw-la so_o that_o the_o length_n of_o china_n from_o north_n to_o south_n according_a to_o the_o chinese_n book_n be_v five_o thousand_o seven_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o li_n or_o furlong_n which_o make_v 402½_n spanish_n or_o portugal_n league_n at_o 17½_n to_o a_o degree_n 575_o french_a league_n at_o 25._o to_o a_o degree_n â—…45_n german_n at_o 15._o to_o a_o degree_n 1380_o italian_a mile_n at_o 60._o to_o a_o degree_n 5750_o li_n or_o chinese_n furlong_n at_o 250._o to_o a_o degree_n from_o the_o point_n of_o nîm_n pô_o a_o seaport_n town_n in_o the_o province_n of_o chekiam_a where_o the_o portugal_n be_v former_o wont_n to_o trade_n and_o which_o ferdinand_n mendez_n call_v leam_fw-la po_n to_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o province_n of_o suchuen_n in_o a_o straight_a line_n from_o east_n to_o west_n it_o be_v account_v 297_o spanish_n and_o portugal_n league_n 426_o french_a league_n 255_o german_a mile_n 1020_o italian_a mile_n 4080_o chinese_n furlong_n at_o 240_o to_o a_o degree_n but_o if_o you_o will_v have_v the_o length_n of_o china_n where_o it_o be_v long_a you_o must_v take_v it_o from_o the_o last_o place_n to_o the_o northwest_n of_o the_o province_n of_o leaotum_n call_v caiyven_v to_o the_o last_o city_n of_o the_o province_n of_o yunnan_n call_v cin_n tien_n kiun_n min_fw-mi fu._n take_v it_o thus_o and_o then_o the_o long_a length_n of_o this_o empire_n will_v bâ—…_n 525_o spanish_a league_n 750_o french_a league_n 1800_o italian_a mile_n 8400_o chinese_n furlong_n at_o four_o and_o a_o half_a to_o a_o mile_n of_o italy_n the_o true_a breadth_n of_o china_n to_o take_v it_o from_o tamburlaine_n chan_n the_o most_o easterly_a place_n of_o the_o country_n of_o leao_n tum_fw-la and_o which_o join_v to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o corea_n to_o the_o place_n call_v tum_o tim_o to_o the_o west_n of_o the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la be_v 350_o spanish_a league_n 500_o french_a league_n 300_o german_a mile_n 1200_o italian_a mile_n 5400_o chinese_n furlong_n there_o be_v fifteen_o province_n in_o this_o empire_n which_o for_o their_o largeness_n their_o riches_n and_o fertility_n may_v well_o be_v call_v kingdom_n which_o the_o chineses_n rank_n in_o this_o order_n according_a to_o their_o antiquity_n and_o precedency_n pe_fw-la kim_n nan_n kim_v now_o call_v kiamm_n nân_n xansi_fw-fr xantum_fw-la hô_o nân_n xénsi_fw-fr vhe_fw-it kiam_fw-la kiam_fw-la si_fw-la hù_fw-fr quam_fw-la su_n chuen_fw-ge foe_n kien_n quám_fw-la tumm_n quam_fw-la si_fw-la yunnan_n quei_z cheum_fw-la the_o country_n of_o leao_n tum_fw-la might_n also_o well_o deserve_v the_o name_n of_o a_o province_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o extent_n but_o the_o chineses_n include_v it_o within_o the_o province_n of_o xan_n tum_fw-la the_o province_n that_o lie_v upon_o the_o sea_n be_v pe_n kim_v xan_n tum_fw-la nan_n kim_v vhe_fw-it kiam_fw-la foe_n kien_n and_o quam_fw-la tum_fw-la those_o that_o border_n upon_o foreign_a kingdom_n be_v pekim_v xansi_fw-la xensi_fw-la su_n chuen_fw-ge yunnan_n quamsi_n the_o midland_n province_n be_v honan_n hu_o quam_fw-la kiamsi_fw-la quci_fw-la cheu_fw-la by_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o cluverius_n trust_v too_o unwary_o to_o false_a relation_n when_o he_o reckon_v up_o eighteen_o province_n in_o china_n and_o among_o the_o rest_n the_o kingdom_n of_o cochinchina_n for_o though_o that_o kingdom_n and_o that_o of_o tum_o kim_n be_v former_o subject_a to_o china_n it_o be_v but_o for_o a_o very_a few_o year_n and_o it_o be_v a_o long_a time_n ago_o since_o they_o throw_v off_o that_o subjection_n there_o be_v several_a island_n also_o belong_v to_o china_n as_o the_o great_a and_o little_a lieu_fw-fr kieu_fw-fr tai_n van_n which_o the_o portuguese_n call_v formosa_fw-la where_o the_o hollander_n have_v a_o fortress_n which_o be_v wrest_v out_o of_o their_o hand_n by_o a_o chinese_n pirate_n some_o year_n since_o and_o where_o they_o lose_v a_o great_a number_n of_o man_n and_o great_a gun_n and_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o good_n hai_o nan_n and_o hiam_fw-la xan_n where_o stand_v the_o city_n of_o amagao_n or_o macao_n upon_o the_o southern_a promontory_n of_o that_o island_n and_o a_o great_a number_n of_o other_o some_o inhabit_a other_o quite_o desert_n the_o kingdom_n of_o corea_n be_v not_o a_o island_n adjoin_v to_o china_n as_o cluverius_n believe_v but_o a_o great_a promontory_n of_o the_o firm_a land_n extend_v itself_o from_o the_o north_n to_o the_o south_n neither_o be_v xam_n haì_n a_o island_n as_o martini_n write_v in_o his_o atlas_n and_o mark_n it_o in_o his_o map_n but_o a_o fortress_n so_o vast_a and_o so_o well_o fortify_v by_o art_n and_o nature_n that_o it_o may_v compare_v with_o the_o best_a in_o europe_n it_o stand_v upon_o the_o firm_a land_n near_o the_o sea_n between_o the_o province_n of_o pe_n kim_n and_o the_o country_n of_o leao_n tum_fw-la the_o place_n wall_v in_o through_o the_o whole_a extent_n of_o this_o empire_n amount_v to_o the_o number_n of_o four_o thousand_o four_o hundred_o and_o two_o and_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o order_n the_o civil_a and_o military_a the_o civil_a order_n comprehend_v two_o thousand_o forty_o five_o wall_v town_n that_o be_v to_o say_v one_o hundred_o seventy_o five_o city_n of_o the_o first_o rank_n which_o the_o chineses_n call_v furio_n two_o hundred_o seventy_o four_o of_o the_o second_o order_n which_o they_o call_v cheum_fw-la one_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o eighty_o and_o eight_o city_n which_o they_o call_v hièn_fw-fr two_o hundred_o and_o five_o royal_a hostery_n or_o place_n of_o entertainment_n call_v you_o and_o a_o hundred_o and_o three_o court_n of_o guard_n or_o royal_a hostery_n of_o the_o second_o rank_n which_o they_o call_v cham_n chin._n among_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o this_o empire_n i_o reckon_v several_a seat_v in_o the_o province_n of_o yun_n nan_n quei_z cheum_fw-la quam_fw-la si_fw-la and_o sum_n chuen_fw-ge which_o however_o pay_v no_o tribute_n to_o the_o emperor_n nor_o yield_v he_o any_o obedience_n but_o be_v govern_v by_o particular_a and_o absolute_a prince_n these_o town_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n so_o environ_v with_o high_a mountain_n and_o steep_a rock_n as_o if_o nature_n have_v take_v a_o particular_a care_n of_o their_o fortification_n within_o which_o mountain_n lie_v field_n and_o plain_n for_o several_a day_n journey_n where_o be_v to_o be_v see_v city_n both_o of_o the_o first_o and_o second_o rank_n together_o with_o many_o town_n and_o village_n the_o chineses_n call_v these_o lord_n tù_fw-fr sù_n or_o tù_fw-fr quon_n that_o be_v to_o say_v mandarin_n of_o the_o country_n for_o that_o as_o they_o believe_v there_o be_v no_o emperor_n of_o the_o world_n but_o the_o emperor_n of_o china_n so_o they_o be_v conceit_v that_o there_o be_v no_o other_o prince_n or_o lord_n but_o such_o as_o they_o to_o who_o the_o emperor_n give_v that_o title_n nor_o do_v they_o give_v the_o title_n of_o mandarin_n of_o the_o land_n or_o country_n to_o those_o but_o to_o distinguish_v
be_v dispatch_v away_o before_o with_o a_o little_a kind_n of_o a_o trencher_n which_o the_o chineses_n call_v pai_n upon_o which_o be_v write_v the_o name_n and_o employment_n of_o the_o officer_n with_o his_o name_n and_o seal_v at_o the_o bottom_n so_o soon_o as_o that_o be_v see_v they_o cleanse_v and_o make_v ready_a the_o palace_n where_o he_o be_v to_o lodge_n which_o preparation_n be_v more_o or_o less_o sumptuous_a according_a to_o the_o dignity_n of_o the_o mandarin_n of_o diet_n porter_n horse_n chair_n litter_n or_o barge_n if_o he_o be_v to_o go_v by_o water_n and_o in_o a_o word_n of_o whatever_o it_o be_v that_o be_v needful_a in_o these_o hostery_n likewise_o be_v entertain_v proportionable_o all_o sort_n of_o other_o person_n whether_o chineses_n or_o foreigner_n to_o who_o the_o king_n be_v please_v to_o grant_v that_o favour_n the_o convenience_n of_o which_o i_o find_v myself_o when_o i_o be_v send_v some_o year_n ago_o to_o macao_n in_o these_o place_n the_o king_n courier_n take_v what_o they_o have_v occasion_n for_o either_o for_o speedy_a have_v or_o refreshment_n there_o they_o find_v horse_n ready_a saddle_v but_o for_o fear_v they_o shall_v not_o be_v always_o ready_a a_o furlong_n or_o two_o before_o the_o courier_n arrive_v at_o the_o hostery_n or_o inn_n the_o courier_n give_v several_a loud_a bang_n upon_o a_o basin_n call_v lô_o which_o he_o carry_v behind_o his_o back_n and_o then_o they_o saddle_v a_o horse_n for_o he_o with_o all_o the_o speed_n imaginable_a so_o that_o he_o present_o mount_v and_o leave_v his_o other_o horse_n behind_o he_o without_o any_o far_a trouble_n the_o kingdom_n of_o china_n contain_v eleven_o million_o five_o hundred_o and_o two_o thousand_o eight_o hundred_o seventy_o two_o family_n not_o include_v the_o woman_n child_n poor_a people_n mandarins_n employ_v soldier_n bachelor_n of_o art_n licentiate_n doctor_n mandarin_n dispense_v with_o from_o service_n such_o as_o live_v upon_o the_o river_n the_o bonze_n funuch_n nor_o any_o that_o be_v of_o the_o royal_a blood_n for_o they_o only_o reckon_v those_o that_o cultivate_v the_o land_n and_o pay_v the_o king_n rent_n and_o tribute_n so_o that_o there_o be_v in_o the_o whole_a empire_n of_o china_n fifty_o nine_o million_o seven_o hundred_o fourscore_o and_o eight_o thousand_o three_o hundred_o sixty_o four_o male_n thus_o much_o for_o the_o civil_a order_n of_o china_n the_o military_a order_n contain_v six_o hundred_o twenty_o nine_o large_a fortress_n of_o the_o first_o degree_n and_o of_o great_a importance_n either_o upon_o the_o frontier_n as_o the_o key_n of_o the_o empire_n to_o keep_v out_o the_o tartar_n or_o upon_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o province_n against_o rebel_n and_o robber_n the_o chineses_n call_v they_o quan_fw-mi and_o that_o of_o xam_n hái_fw-la of_o which_o we_o have_v speak_v already_o be_v one_o of_o the_o number_n there_o be_v five_o hundred_o sixty_o seven_o fortress_n of_o the_o second_o rank_n which_o be_v call_v guéi_n in_o the_o chinese_n language_n and_o that_o same_o place_n call_v tien_n â—…ìm_fw-la gâ—…êi_fw-la or_o fortress_n of_o the_o well_o of_o heaven_n of_o which_o father_n martini_n speak_v in_o his_o atlas_n p._n 36._o be_v of_o the_o same_o number_n by_o which_o you_o may_v guess_v at_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o fortress_n of_o the_o second_o rank_n they_o reckon_v three_o hundred_o and_o eleven_o fortress_n of_o the_o three_o rank_n call_v sò_n three_o hundred_o of_o the_o four_o rank_n call_v chin_n which_o retain_v the_o same_o name_n and_o the_o same_o signification_n with_o those_o of_o the_o five_o civil_a order_n and_o a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o of_o the_o five_o rank_n call_v paò._n there_o be_v a_o hundred_o fortress_n of_o the_o six_o rank_n call_v pù_n and_o last_o three_o hundred_o of_o the_o seven_o order_n call_v chái_n these_o latter_a be_v of_o several_a sort_n for_o some_o of_o they_o stand_v in_o the_o field_n and_o serve_v for_o place_n of_o refuge_n for_o the_o countryman_n who_o retire_v thither_o with_o their_o cattle_n and_o good_n when_o any_o tartar_n robber_n or_o rebel_n harrass_n the_o country_n as_o also_o when_o the_o emperor_n army_n be_v upon_o their_o march._n other_o be_v seat_v upon_o the_o precipice_n of_o steep_a mountain_n to_o which_o there_o be_v no_o other_o ascent_n but_o by_o step_n cut_v out_o of_o the_o rock_n or_o by_o the_o help_n of_o laâ—…ders_n make_v of_o rope_n or_o wood_n which_o they_o remove_v as_o they_o please_v themselves_o and_o these_o fortress_n general_o have_v no_o wall_n because_o they_o need_v none_o other_o be_v seat_v upon_o mountain_n which_o be_v nevertheless_o approachable_a and_o therefore_o on_o that_o side_n where_o they_o lie_v open_a they_o be_v guard_v with_o a_o double_a or_o treble_a wall_n and_o both_o of_o these_o and_o of_o the_o other_o before_o recite_v i_o have_v see_v several_a in_o the_o province_n of_o suchuen_a and_o xensi_fw-la by_o this_o account_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o fortify_v place_n amount_v to_o the_o number_n of_o two_o thousand_o three_o hundred_o fifty_o seven_o which_o be_v add_v to_o those_o of_o the_o civil_a order_n make_v up_o four_o thousand_o four_o hundred_o and_o two._n beside_o which_o there_o be_v within_o and_o without_o the_o great_a wall_n that_o environ_v china_n above_o three_o thousand_o tower_n or_o castle_n call_v tai_n of_o which_o every_o one_o have_v its_o proper_a name_n in_o those_o tower_n be_v keep_v guard_n and_o watch_v all_o the_o year_n long_o which_o give_v the_o alarm_n so_o soon_o as_o the_o enemy_n appear_v in_o the_o day_n time_n by_o erect_v a_o banner_n upon_o one_o of_o the_o high_a tower_n and_o in_o the_o night_n by_o set_v up_o a_o light_v flambeau_n shall_v we_o reckon_v these_o tower_n or_o castle_n among_o the_o fortify_v place_n of_o which_o these_o latter_a will_v make_v a_o eight_o order_n there_o will_v be_v then_o in_o all_o five_o thousand_o three_o hundred_o fifty_o seven_o about_o a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o year_n ago_o a_o certain_a mandarin_n of_o the_o superior_a tribunal_n of_o arm_n compile_v two_o volume_n which_o he_o dedicate_v to_o the_o emperor_n and_o which_o he_o entitle_v kiu_fw-mi pien_fw-mi tu_fw-la uxe_n the_o practice_n of_o the_o map_n of_o the_o nine_o frontier_n he_o mean_v by_o that_o the_o nine_o quarter_n into_o which_o he_o have_v divide_v the_o great_a wall_n that_o environ_v a_o part_n of_o china_n for_o four_o hundred_o and_o five_o portugese_n league_n together_o which_o make_v 23_o degree_n and_o ten_o minute_n from_o east_n to_o west_n from_o the_o city_n of_o cain_n yêun_n seat_v at_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o country_n call_v leâo_o tumm_n to_o that_o of_o cân_n so_o or_o camn_v cheu_o seat_v upon_o the_o border_n of_o the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la and_o this_o too_o must_v be_v understand_v of_o the_o fortification_n run_v in_o a_o straight_a line_n for_o shall_v we_o take_v in_o all_o the_o turn_n and_o wind_n of_o the_o mountain_n and_o wall_n the_o whole_a without_o question_n will_v amount_v to_o above_o five_o hundred_o portugal_n league_n in_o those_o book_n he_o represent_v in_o three_o map_n all_o the_o passage_n of_o the_o mountain_n that_o be_v accessible_a and_o in_o a_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o nine_o other_o great_a map_n thirteen_o hundred_o twenty_o seven_o fortress_n great_a and_o small_a which_o he_o say_v be_v all_o necessary_a to_o prevent_v the_o inroad_n of_o tartar_n so_o that_o if_o the_o chineses_n be_v not_o so_o negligent_a so_o cowardly_a so_o covetous_a and_o perfidious_a to_o their_o prince_n as_o they_o be_v the_o tartar_n can_v never_o have_v surmount_v those_o wall_n nor_o get_v footing_n within_o those_o castle_n so_o well_o dispose_v in_o all_o place_n requisite_a and_o so_o strong_o fortify_v as_o well_o by_o nature_n as_o by_o art._n and_o indeed_o it_o be_v apparent_a as_o well_o by_o their_o own_o history_n as_o by_o what_o we_o have_v see_v in_o our_o time_n that_o the_o tartar_n can_v never_o enter_v into_o china_n but_o when_o either_o the_o cowardice_n or_o the_o treacherous_a avarice_n of_o the_o commander_n open_v they_o a_o passage_n this_o the_o tartar_n know_v and_o therefore_o offer_v they_o a_o moiety_n of_o their_o plunder_n and_o booty_n and_o be_v no_o less_o punctual_a in_o their_o performance_n then_o they_o have_v be_v liberal_a in_o their_o promise_n upon_o their_o return_n into_o tartary_n for_o the_o continuance_n of_o which_o trade_n they_o always_o leave_v a_o passage_n open_a for_o these_o inroad_n which_o the_o tartar_n fail_v not_o to_o make_v twice_o a_o year_n nor_o can_v all_o the_o rigorous_a punishment_n which_o the_o king_n inflict_v upon_o several_a of_o those_o traitor_n deter_v the_o rest_n from_o their_o disloyal_a traffic_n with_o his_o enemy_n or_o if_o he_o at_o any_o time_n do_v
city_n in_o other_o place_n along_o by_o the_o wall_n it_o cross_v one_o part_n of_o the_o province_n of_o pe-kim_n afterward_o all_o the_o province_n of_o xan_n tum_fw-la and_o after_o it_o have_v enter_v into_o the_o province_n of_o nan_n kim_v discharge_v itself_o into_o that_o great_a and_o rapid_a river_n which_o the_o chineses_n call_v the_o yellow_a river_n upon_o this_o river_n you_o sail_v for_o about_o two_o day_n and_o then_o you_o come_v into_o another_o where_o you_o sail_v about_o the_o length_n of_o two_o musket_n shoot_v at_o what_o time_n you_o meet_v with_o a_o canal_n which_o the_o chineses_n open_v upon_o the_o southside_n of_o this_o last_o river_n and_o which_o run_v towards_o the_o city_n of_o hoai_n ngan_v afterward_o this_o canal_n run_v through_o many_o city_n and_o town_n till_o it_o come_v to_o the_o city_n of_o yam_n cheu_o the_o most_o famous_a seaport_n town_n of_o all_o in_o the_o empire_n soon_o after_o it_o discharge_v itself_o into_o the_o river_n kiam_fw-la a_o good_a day_n journey_n from_o the_o city_n of_o nan_n kim_n certain_o this_o be_v a_o undertake_n and_o performance_n very_o great_a and_o magnificent_a nor_o be_v the_o building_n of_o eleven_o hundred_o forty_o five_o royal_a inn_n much_o inferior_a to_o it_o only_o the_o raise_n of_o several_a thousand_o fortress_n and_o the_o wall_n five_o hundred_o league_n in_o length_n which_o environ_v china_n be_v more_o to_o be_v wonder_v at_o note_n upon_o the_o seven_o chapter_n a._n p._n 114._o it_o be_v now_o above_o four_o hundred_o year_n ago_o since_o the_o western_a tartar_n conquer_v etc._n etc._n chingis_fw-la can_n the_o founder_n of_o the_o monarchy_n of_o the_o tartar_n the_o large_a that_o ever_o be_v in_o the_o world_n or_o at_o least_o his_o son_n octay_v can_v about_o the_o year_n 1220._o begin_v the_o conquest_n of_o north_n china_n set_v upon_o the_o eastern_a tartar_n in_o who_o possession_n it_o have_v be_v about_o a_o hundred_o and_o seventeen_o year_n according_a to_o the_o chronology_n of_o f._n couplet_n but_o the_o entire_a conquest_n of_o china_n be_v not_o complete_v till_o the_o year_n 1220._o by_o the_o five_o emperor_n after_o ching_n be_v can_v call_v by_o our_o historian_n in_o imitation_n of_o the_o eastern_a tartar_n cublay_n can_v or_o cobila_n the_o chinese_n who_o give_v he_o great_a encomium_n call_v he_o xi_o sum_n and_o affirm_v that_o former_o he_o be_v call_v ho_o pie_n lie_v which_o i_o believe_v to_o be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o name_n of_o cublay_n or_o cobila_n corrupt_v in_o regard_n the_o chineses_n pronounce_v very_o ill_o and_o corrupt_v almost_o all_o the_o name_n and_o word_n of_o other_o nation_n as_o our_o author_n have_v observe_v in_o his_o first_o chapter_n that_o m._n polo_n have_v corrupt_v the_o â—…artar_n name_v of_o the_o ancient_n pe_n kim_n call_v it_o can_v bâ—…lu_n instead_o of_o have_fw-mi palu_fw-fr the_o chineses_n commit_v the_o same_o mistake_v in_o the_o pronunciation_n of_o foreign_a language_n change_v letter_n and_o add_v vowel_n to_o facilitate_v pronunciation_n in_o regard_n that_o all_o the_o word_n of_o their_o language_n be_v monosyllable_n thus_o i_o have_v see_v in_o a_o manuscript_n discourse_n of_o the_o necessity_n of_o perform_v divine_a service_n in_o the_o chinese_n language_n which_o high_o deserve_v to_o be_v print_v that_o the_o chineses_n instead_o of_o crux_fw-la pronounce_v cuckoe_n lu_o câ—…_n instead_o of_o pronounce_v beatus_fw-la they_o say_v pe_n jâ—…_n sum_o sâ—…_n for_o baptizo_fw-la they_o cry_z pa_z pe_z ti_fw-mi so_o and_o in_o stead_n of_o bartholmeus_n pa_n ulh_v to_o lo_o meusu_fw-la and_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o they_o may_v have_v say_v ho_o pie_n lie_n instead_o of_o cublay_n or_o cobila_n change_v the_o c_o into_o h_n and_o the_o b_o into_o p_o so_o read_v hopili_n instead_o of_o cobili_fw-la and_o add_v e_o to_o facilitate_v the_o pronunciation_n this_o prince_n xi_o su_n or_o cubluy_fw-fr can_n it_o be_v that_o cause_v the_o grand_a canal_n to_o be_v make_v which_o the_o author_n describe_v with_o his_o usual_a exactness_n and_o which_o be_v without_o question_n one_o of_o the_o most_o magnificent_a and_o admirable_a undertake_n in_o the_o universe_n only_o there_o be_v one_o thing_n we_o will_v fain_o know_v whether_o these_o sluice_n be_v make_v like_o those_o in_o france_n and_o the_o low-countries_n that_o be_v to_o say_v whether_o they_o be_v make_v of_o two_o gate_n at_o a_o distance_n one_o from_o the_o other_o between_o which_o the_o water_n rise_v for_o by_o the_o relation_n of_o father_n magaillans_n and_o that_o of_o f._n trigant_n the_o chinese_n sluice_n seem_v to_o be_v no_o more_o than_o only_a a_o bâ—…re_a gate_n make_v fast_o with_o piece_n of_o wood_n let_v fall_v perpendicular_o till_o the_o overture_n be_v whole_o stop_v up_o the_o water_n be_v swell_v in_o this_o manner_n they_o draw_v up_o these_o piece_n of_o wood_n one_o after_o another_o and_o then_o cause_v the_o vessel_n to_o ascend_v or_o fall_v which_o sometime_o will_v not_o be_v able_a to_o sail_v for_o want_v of_o water_n in_o the_o canal_n if_o iâ—…_n be_v not_o retain_v and_o stop_v by_o this_o invention_n but_o this_o be_v not_o so_o convenient_a as_o a_o sluice_n with_o two_o gate_n and_o a_o hutch_n between_o both_o thus_o the_o author_n of_o the_o relation_n of_o the_o dutch_a embassy_n report_v that_o the_o sluice_n in_o china_n be_v not_o open_v but_o with_o great_a difficulty_n and_o that_o they_o be_v a_o great_a hindrance_n to_o the_o voyage_n however_o this_o be_v a_o thing_n very_o remarkable_a that_o a_o man_n may_v at_o any_o time_n go_v from_o one_o end_n of_o china_n to_o the_o other_o for_o the_o space_n of_o above_o six_o hundred_o league_n unless_o it_o be_v one_o journey_n only_o by_o land_n between_o the_o province_n of_o quam_fw-la tum_o and_o kiamsi_n or_o between_o the_o city_n of_o nan_n hium_n and_o nan_n begin_v where_o you_o embark_v again_o upon_o the_o river_n of_o can._n upon_o which_o it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o observe_v that_o the_o author_n of_o the_o dutch_a embassy_n make_v a_o considerable_a mistake_n in_o confound_v the_o river_n can_v with_o the_o great_a river_n kiam_fw-la which_o come_v from_o the_o province_n of_o junnan_n and_o touch_v only_o the_o northern_a extremity_n of_o the_o province_n of_o kiamsi_n whereas_o the_o river_n can_v divide_v it_o in_o two_o run_v through_o it_o from_o south_n to_o north._n chap._n viii_o of_o the_o great_a industry_n of_o this_o nation_n the_o magnificence_n and_o great_a number_n of_o public_a work_n in_o china_n be_v not_o only_o the_o effect_n of_o vast_a charge_n and_o expense_n but_o of_o the_o extraordinary_a industry_n of_o the_o nation_n they_o do_v all_o manner_n of_o mechanic_n work_v with_o a_o far_o less_o number_n of_o tool_n and_o with_o more_o ease_n than_o we_o do_v for_o as_o in_o this_o country_n here_o be_v not_o a_o foot_n of_o land_n that_o lie_v waste_v so_o there_o be_v not_o any_o man_n or_o woman_n young_a or_o old_a lame_a deaf_a or_o blind_a that_o have_v not_o a_o way_n to_o get_v a_o livelihood_n or_o that_o have_v not_o some_o trade_n or_o employment_n the_o chineses_n have_v a_o common_a proverb_n chumm_n qune_fw-fr uù_fw-fr y_fw-fr vo_z in_o china_n there_o be_v nothing_o throw_v away_o how_o vile_a and_o useless_a a_o thing_n may_v appear_v to_o be_v it_o have_v its_o use_n and_o may_v turn_v to_o profit_n for_o example_n in_o the_o city_n of_o pekim_n only_o there_o be_v above_o a_o thousand_o family_n who_o have_v no_o other_o trade_n to_o subsist_v on_o but_o only_o by_o sell_v of_o match_n for_o tinderbox_n and_o week_n for_o candle_n there_o be_v also_o as_o many_o that_o have_v nothing_o else_o to_o live_v upon_o but_o by_o pick_v up_o in_o the_o street_n and_o among_o the_o sweep_n of_o house_n rag_n of_o silk_n cotton_n and_o linnen-cloth_n piece_n of_o paper_n and_o other_o thing_n which_o they_o wash_v &_o make_v clean_a and_o then_o sell_v to_o other_o that_o make_v use_v of_o they_o in_o several_a trade_n their_o invention_n also_o for_o the_o carry_v of_o burden_n be_v very_o curious_a for_o they_o do_v not_o carry_v their_o burden_n by_o main_a strength_n as_o we_o do_v but_o by_o policy_n in_o this_o manner_n they_o fasten_v the_o thing_n which_o they_o be_v to_o carry_v either_o with_o cord_n or_o hook_n or_o put_v they_o in_o basket_n or_o hamper_n and_o hang_v they_o afterward_o at_o both_o end_n of_o a_o flat_a piece_n of_o wood_n make_v on_o purpose_n which_o they_o take_v up_o upon_o their_o shoulder_n equal_o poise_v so_o that_o the_o burden_n weigh_v as_o much_o on_o the_o one_o side_n as_o on_o the_o other_o which_o invention_n be_v a_o very_a great_a convenience_n it_o be_v most_o
shall_v rare_o see_v a_o city_n palace_n or_o house_n of_o any_o great_a person_n which_o do_v not_o face_n that_o point_n of_o the_o compass_n it_o be_v surround_v with_o a_o double_a enclosure_n of_o wall_n one_o within_o the_o other_o in_o form_n of_o a_o long_a square_n the_o outward_a enclosure_n be_v a_o wall_n of_o a_o extraordinary_a height_n and_o thickness_n plaster_v both_o within_o and_o without_o with_o red_a mortar_n and_o cover_v with_o a_o small_a roof_n of_o varnish_a brick_n of_o a_o yellow_a gold_n colour_n lay_v with_o great_a art_n and_o agreement_n the_o length_n of_o it_o from_o the_o south_n to_o the_o north_n gate_n be_v eight_o chinese_n furlong_n or_o two_o italian_a mile_n this_o enclosure_n have_v four_o gate_n one_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o each_o side_n and_o every_o gate_n compose_v of_o three_o portal_n of_o which_o the_o middlemost_a be_v always_o keep_v shut_v and_o never_o open_v but_o only_o for_o the_o king._n the_o rest_n be_v always_o open_a to_o those_o that_o go_v in_o and_o out_o of_o the_o palace_n from_o break_v of_o day_n till_o the_o bell_n ring_v for_o cleaâ—…ing_v the_o palace_n except_o the_o south_n gate_n which_o be_v never_o but_o half_o open_a unless_o the_o king_n go_v out_o or_o in_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o chinese_n king_n there_o be_v a_o guard_n of_o thirty_o soldier_n with_o their_o captain_n and_o ten_o eunuch_n at_o each_o portal_n but_o at_o present_a not_o above_o twenty_o tartar_n with_o their_o officer_n by_o which_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o alvero_n semedo_n and_o martini_n who_o affirm_v the_o guard_n of_o every_o gate_n to_o consist_v of_o three_o thousand_o man_n and_o five_o elephant_n be_v a_o great_a piece_n of_o misinformation_n while_o they_o take_v the_o whole_a for_o a_o part_n for_o there_o be_v indeed_o a_o guard_n of_o three_o thousand_o man_n in_o all_o which_o be_v distribute_v into_o company_n and_o squadron_n in_o their_o turn_n and_o so_o many_o day_n in_o a_o month_n guard_v the_o gate_n of_o the_o city_n and_o of_o the_o palace_n where_o there_o be_v several_a other_o beside_o those_o we_o have_v mention_v and_o several_a tower_n that_o environ_v the_o inner_a wall._n as_o for_o the_o elephant_n they_o never_o stand_v at_o the_o gate_n but_o in_o their_o stable_n or_o rather_o in_o their_o palace_n for_o they_o be_v lodge_v in_o a_o spacious_a court_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o which_o there_o be_v a_o large_a and_o fair_a room_n where_o they_o be_v keep_v in_o the_o summer_n but_o in_o the_o winter_n they_o put_v they_o into_o little_a stall_n by_o themselves_o the_o pavement_n of_o which_o be_v heat_v with_o stove_n with_o which_o those_o creature_n can_v never_o endure_v the_o rigour_n of_o the_o winter_n in_o that_o climate_n where_o many_o time_n they_o die_v through_o the_o negligence_n of_o those_o that_o look_v after_o they_o nor_o be_v there_o above_o five_o or_o six_o which_o be_v bring_v from_o the_o province_n of_o tun_n nan_o they_o never_o bring_v they_o out_o of_o their_o stable_n but_o when_o the_o king_n go_v forth_o in_o state_n in_o order_n to_o some_o public_a solemnity_n as_o to_o his_o sacrifice_n or_o the_o like_a all_o manner_n of_o entrance_n within_o these_o gate_n be_v forbid_v to_o the_o bonze_n of_o pagod_n to_o the_o blind_a the_o lame_a the_o maim_a to_o beggar_n such_o as_o have_v scar_n and_o wen_n upon_o their_o face_n or_o have_v their_o ear_n or_o moses_n cut_v and_o in_o a_o word_n to_o all_o those_o that_o have_v any_o considerable_a deformity_n the_o inner_a wall_n which_o immediate_o encompass_n the_o palace_n be_v extreme_o high_a and_o thick_a build_v of_o large_a brick_n all_o equal_a and_o embellish_v with_o battlement_n well_o contrive_v it_o extend_v from_o the_o north_n to_o the_o south_n six_o furlong_n or_o a_o italian_a mile_n and_o a_o half_a a_o furlong_n and_o a_o half_a in_o breadth_n and_o fifteen_o furlong_n or_o five_o mile_n want_v a_o quarter_n in_o circumference_n it_o have_v four_o gate_n with_o large_a vault_n and_o arch_n those_o to_o the_o south_n and_o north_n be_v threefold_a like_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o first_o enclosure_n those_o upon_o the_o side_n single_a upon_o these_o gate_n and_o upon_o the_o four_o angle_n of_o the_o wall_n eight_o tower_n or_o rather_o eight_o hall_n of_o a_o extraordinary_a bigness_n and_o very_o good_a workmanship_n advance_v themsemselve_n varnish_v within_o with_o a_o very_a beautiful_a red_n adorn_v with_o flower_n of_o gold_n and_o cover_v with_o tile_n varnish_v with_o yellow_a during_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o chinese_n king_n twenty_o eunuch_n keep_v guard_n at_o each_o of_o these_o gate_n but_o at_o present_a the_o tartar_n have_v place_v in_o their_o room_n forty_o soldier_n with_o two_o officer_n all_o the_o mandarin_n of_o the_o tribunal_n within_o the_o palace_n and_o all_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o king_n household_n be_v allow_v entrance_n within_o this_o wall._n but_o all_o other_o be_v severe_o prohibit_v unless_o they_o show_v a_o little_a table_n of_o wood_n or_o ivory_n wherein_o their_o name_n and_o the_o place_n where_o they_o serve_v be_v set_v down_o with_o the_o seal_n of_o the_o mandarin_n to_o who_o they_o belong_v this_o second_o wall_n be_v environ_v with_o a_o deep_a and_o large_a mote_n line_v with_o free_a stone_n and_o full_a of_o large_a and_o excellent_a fish._n every_o gate_n have_v a_o drawbridge_n to_o lay_v over_o the_o mote_n the_o south_n gate_n except_v where_o the_o draw_v bridge_n lie_v only_o over_o one_o arch._n in_o the_o wide_a space_n that_o separate_v the_o two_o wall_n there_o be_v several_a separate_a palace_n some_o round_a other_o square_a which_o be_v all_o call_v by_o their_o proper_a name_n conformable_a to_o the_o use_n and_o divertisement_n for_o which_o they_o be_v design_v withal_o so_o spacious_a so_o rich_a and_o so_o magnificent_o adorn_v as_o may_v well_o beseem_v not_o only_o many_o prince_n but_o some_o king_n of_o europe_n in_o the_o same_o space_n upon_o the_o eastern_a side_n and_o close_o by_o the_o wall_n run_v a_o river_n over_o which_o be_v build_v several_a bridge_n very_o fair_a structure_n and_o all_o of_o marble_n except_o the_o arch_n in_o the_o middle_a where_o there_o lie_v a_o draw-bridge_n and_o all_o the_o other_o bridge_n of_o which_o there_o be_v a_o great_a number_n in_o the_o palace_n be_v no_o less_o beautiful_a and_o build_v of_o the_o same_o material_n on_o the_o west_n side_n where_o the_o space_n be_v much_o more_o large_a there_o be_v a_o lake_n very_o full_a of_o fish_n five_o furlong_n or_o a_o italian_a mile_n and_o a_o quarter_n and_o make_v in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o base-viol_n where_o it_o be_v narrow_a it_o be_v to_o be_v cross_v over_o a_o very_a beautiful_a bridge_n which_o answer_v to_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o wall_n at_o the_o end_v of_o which_o stand_v two_o triumphal_a arch_n of_o three_o arch_n a_o piece_n high_a raise_v majestic_a and_o most_o excellent_a workmanship_n this_o lake_n of_o which_o m._n polo_n make_v mention_v l._n 2._o c._n 6._o be_v environ_v with_o little_a palace_n or_o house_n of_o pleasure_n build_v partly_o in_o the_o water_n and_o part_v up_o the_o land_n the_o middle_a of_o the_o lake_n be_v full_a of_o very_o beautiful_a barge_n for_o the_o king_n use_n when_o he_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o fish_n or_o to_o be_v row_v about_o the_o lake_n the_o remainder_n of_o the_o two_o east_n and_o west_n space_n which_o be_v not_o take_v up_o by_o the_o lake_n or_o the_o separate_a palace_n be_v divide_v into_o large_a and_o well_o proportion_v street_n inhabit_v by_o the_o officer_n and_o artificer_n that_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n palace_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o precede_a king_n those_o street_n cantain_v beside_o ten_o thousand_o eunuch_n but_o they_o who_o reign_n at_o present_a have_v put_v in_o their_o room_n tartar_n and_o chinese_n of_o the_o province_n of_o leao_n who_o be_v lookâ—…_n upon_o as_o tartar_n by_o a_o peculiar_a favour_n thus_o much_o as_o to_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o palace_n we_o be_v now_o to_o speak_v of_o the_o inside_n therefore_o for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o that_o which_o follow_v there_o be_v two_o thing_n to_o be_v observe_v the_o first_o that_o all_o the_o city_n and_o all_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o king_n the_o great_a lord_n the_o mandarin_n and_o wealthy_a person_n be_v so_o build_v that_o the_o gate_n and_o principal_a apartment_n look_v towards_o the_o south_n the_o second_o that_o whereas_o we_o build_v our_o lodging_n one_o story_n above_o another_o the_o chineses_n build_v upon_o the_o same_o level_n one_o within_o another_o so_o that_o we_o possess_v the_o air_n and_o they_o the_o earth_n for_o example_n the_o great_a gate_n that_o front_v the_o south_n stand_v