infamis_fw-la ante_fw-la fuerat_fw-la per_fw-la serment_n nomed_a videlicet_fw-la fourteen_o etc._n fourteen_o judge_n dodaridge_n in_o his_o treatise_n of_o the_o baron_n pag._n 155_o say_v the_o yeomanry_n or_o common_a people_n for_o they_o be_v call_v of_o the_o saxon_a word_n zeman_n which_o do_v signify_v common_a who_o have_v some_o land_n of_o their_o own_o to_o live_v upon_o for_o a_o cârve_v of_o land_n or_o ploughland_n be_v in_o ancient_a time_n of_o the_o yearly_a value_n of_o five_o noble_n and_o this_o be_v the_o live_n of_o a_o sober_a man_n or_o yeoman_n coke_n 9_o part_n fol._n 124._o b._n but_o in_o our_o law_n they_o be_v call_v legales_fw-la homines_fw-la a_o word_n very_o familiar_a in_o writ_n and_o inquest_n etc._n etc._n homines_fw-la legales_fw-la per_fw-la non_fw-la si_fw-la be_v habere_fw-la eos_fw-la poterit_fw-la purget_fw-la se_fw-la dvodecima_fw-la manu_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o in_o the_o next_o number_n against_o those_o that_o break_v a_o church_n or_o a_o dwellinghouse_n it_o be_v say_v se_fw-la purget_fw-la per_fw-la xlii_o etc._n xlii_o judge_n dodaridge_n in_o his_o treatise_n of_o the_o baron_n pag._n 155_o say_v the_o yeomanry_n or_o common_a people_n for_o they_o be_v call_v of_o the_o saxon_a word_n zeman_n which_o do_v signify_v common_a who_o have_v some_o land_n of_o their_o own_o to_o live_v upon_o for_o a_o cârve_v of_o land_n or_o ploughland_n be_v in_o ancient_a time_n of_o the_o yearly_a value_n of_o five_o noble_n and_o this_o be_v the_o live_n of_o a_o sober_a man_n or_o yeoman_n coke_n 9_o part_n fol._n 124._o b._n but_o in_o our_o law_n they_o be_v call_v legales_fw-la homines_fw-la a_o word_n very_o familiar_a in_o writ_n and_o inquest_n etc._n etc._n legales_fw-la homines_fw-la nome_v se_fw-la dvodecima_fw-la manu_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o it_o be_v decree_v for_o a_o pledge_n of_o any_o thief_n that_o be_v flee_v or_o escape_v plegius_fw-la ejus_fw-la habebit_fw-la iu_o menses_fw-la &_o unum_fw-la diem_fw-la ad_fw-la eum_fw-la quaerendum_fw-la &_o si_fw-la possit_fw-la eum_fw-la invenire_fw-la juret_fw-la se_fw-la dvodecima_fw-la manu_fw-la but_o this_o all_o look_n on_o this_o side_n the_o norman_a conquest_n let_v we_o therefore_o pass_v beyond_o it_o lest_o any_o shall_v be_v so_o inconsiderate_a as_o to_o think_v these_o cite_a law_n be_v not_o the_o law_n of_o the_o saxon_n before_o the_o conquest_n and_o in_o the_o xxxviii_o law_n of_o king_n edward_n we_o find_v this_o concern_v a_o person_n accuse_v si_fw-mi testarentur_fw-la hominem_fw-la de_fw-la bona_fw-la vita_fw-la &_o 2_o legalitate_fw-la purgaret_fw-la se_fw-la judicio_fw-la comitatus_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o in_o the_o day_n of_o king_n ethelred_n who_o be_v much_o infest_a with_o the_o dane_n he_o take_v order_n for_o the_o like_a sort_n of_o trial_n which_o be_v then_o one_o of_o the_o sort_n of_o and_o be_v call_v also_o purgation_n where_o one_o that_o be_v accuse_v be_v to_o take_v this_o course_n adjunctis_fw-la sibi_fw-la thanis_n quinque_fw-la omnem_fw-la criminis_fw-la suspitionem_fw-la diluito_fw-la and_o present_o after_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o almost_o in_o the_o same_o word_n it_o be_v repeat_v ascitis_fw-la sibi_fw-la thanis_n quinque_fw-la crimeneluito_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o the_o law_n of_o king_n ina_n it_o be_v provide_v that_o there_o shall_v be_v such_o a_o quantity_n of_o land_n contain_v a_o certain_a number_n of_o hide_n requisite_a for_o the_o judge_n of_o some_o man_n for_o mis-demeanour_n as_o in_o the_o xlvii_o law_n si_fw-mi cvi_fw-la objiciatur_fw-la furto_fw-la surripuisse_fw-la rem_fw-la aliquam_fw-la vel_fw-la furtim_fw-la subductam_fw-la admisisse_fw-la be_v pro_fw-la ratione_fw-la lx._n hydarum_fw-la se_fw-la culpa_fw-la liberato_fw-la si_fw-la modo_fw-la dignus_fw-la qui_fw-la juret_fw-la habetur_fw-la anglus_fw-la furti_fw-la postulatus_fw-la duplici_fw-la se_fw-la purget_fw-la numero_fw-la wallus_fw-la majore_fw-la juratorum_fw-la numero_fw-la non_fw-la obstringatur_fw-la here_o you_o see_v the_o two_o last_o refert_fw-la to_o the_o first_o and_o both_o to_o the_o number_n of_o jurate_n which_o what_o they_o be_v be_v to_o they_o so_o well_o know_v that_o they_o think_v it_o needless_a to_o set_v it_o down_o any_o otherways_o than_o by_o the_o number_n of_o hide_n which_o form_n occurr_v frequent_o up_o and_o down_o in_o those_o law_n but_o in_o the_o xix_o of_o the_o say_a king_n jna_n law_n i_o find_v somewhat_o that_o give_v a_o explanation_n to_o the_o former_a recite_v law_n where_o it_o be_v say_v regii_fw-la villici_fw-la jusjurandum_fw-la if_o he_o be_v a_o master_n of_o a_o family_n or_o a_o housekeeper_n ejus_fw-la est_fw-la momenti_fw-la ac_fw-la ponderis_fw-la ut_fw-la cum_fw-la lx._n terrae_fw-la hydis_fw-la exequari_fw-la intelligatur_fw-la in_o the_o same_o manner_n be_v it_o among_o the_o welsh_a where_o they_o be_v to_o the_o number_n of_o xlii_o as_o in_o several_a of_o the_o law_n of_o howel-dha_a and_o in_o the_o epitome_n of_o the_o custom_n of_o arcenefeld_n in_o domesday_n be_v to_o be_v see_v which_o i_o shall_v for_o brevity_n sake_n omit_v again_o the_o very_a fabric_n and_o make_v of_o all_o our_o law_n as_o now_o at_o present_a be_v not_o at_o all_o different_a from_o the_o ancient_a way_n of_o contexture_n of_o they_o among_o the_o saxon_n in_o their_o etheldredi_n their_o judge_n dâdaridge_n in_o his_o treatise_n of_o nobility_n write_v pag._n 121._o of_o a_o treatise_n which_o he_o call_v very_o ancient_a denominate_v de_fw-fr modo_fw-la tenendi_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la tempore_fw-la regis_fw-la edw._n silij_fw-la regis_fw-la etheldredi_n mickel-gemote_a and_o their_o wittangemote_a both_o these_o together_o have_v receive_v the_o norman_a denomination_n of_o parliament_n although_o the_o thing_n be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o but_o that_o which_o be_v of_o great_a persuasion_n and_o force_n with_o i_o be_v that_o they_o have_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o norman_a conquest_n contrary_a to_o the_o common_a receive_v opinion_n the_o same_o way_n of_o make_v claim_n for_o land_n and_o title_n as_o before_o which_o the_o word_n calumniare_fw-la do_v signify_v and_o which_o 234._o which_o coke_n upon_o lit._n lib._n 2._o cap._n 12._o sect._n 234._o sr._n edward_n coke_n say_v be_v a_o word_n common_a to_o both_o if_o it_o prove_v so_o then_o probable_o use_v by_o the_o saxon_n before_o the_o conquest_n the_o controversy_n between_o warren_n the_o norman_a and_o sherburn_n of_o sherburn_n in_o the_o county_n of_o norfolk_n illustrate_v by_o mr._n campden_n show_v that_o all_o thing_n in_o that_o age_n do_v not_o pass_v sole_o according_a to_o his_o will_n for_o notwithstanding_o the_o castle_n of_o sherburn_n be_v give_v by_o the_o conqueror_n to_o warren_n his_o great_a favourite_n yet_o upon_o the_o allegation_n of_o sherburn_n that_o he_o do_v never_o bear_v arm_n against_o he_o but_o be_v his_o subject_n as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o and_o hold_v his_o land_n by_o that_o law_n that_o the_o king_n have_v establish_v among_o all_o his_o subject_n the_o king_n give_v judgement_n against_o warren_n and_o command_v that_o sherburn_n shall_v hold_v his_o land_n in_o peace_n this_o be_v cite_v as_o almost_o the_o only_a act_n of_o favour_n the_o conqueror_n do_v whereas_o it_o be_v mistake_v for_o it_o be_v a_o act_n of_o justice_n and_o such_o case_n do_v frequent_o appear_v in_o that_o record_n call_v domesday_n where_o i_o find_v among_o other_o this_o concern_v the_o manor_n of_o cerdeford_n in_o hantescire_fw-la hold_v by_o hugo_n de_fw-fr port._n in_o isto_fw-la manerio_fw-la tenet_fw-la picot_n 11._o vs._n &_o dimid_n de_fw-fr rege_fw-la phitelet_n tenuit_fw-la in_o alodium_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la edwardo_n pro_fw-la mannerio_n istam_fw-la terram_fw-la calumniatur_fw-la willielmus_fw-la de_fw-la chernet_n dicens_fw-la pertinere_fw-la ad_fw-la mannerium_n de_fw-fr cerdisord_n feudum_fw-la hugonis_fw-la de_fw-la port_n per_fw-la hereditatem_fw-la svi_fw-la antecessoris_fw-la &_o de_fw-la hoc_fw-la suum_fw-la testimonium_fw-la adduxit_fw-la de_fw-la melioribus_fw-la &_o antiquis_fw-la hominibus_fw-la totius_fw-la comitatus_fw-la &_o hundredi_n &_o picot_n contraduxit_fw-la suum_fw-la testimonium_fw-la de_fw-la villanis_fw-la &_o vili_fw-la plebe_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr prepositis_fw-la qui_fw-la volunt_fw-la defendere_fw-la per_fw-la sacramentum_fw-la aut_fw-la per_fw-la dei_fw-la judicium_fw-la quod_fw-la ille_fw-la qui_fw-la tenuit_fw-la terram_fw-la libre_fw-la homo_fw-la fuit_fw-la then_o exit_fw-la domesdei_fw-la hantescira_n tran_n tainonr_n regis_fw-la alwi_n filius_fw-la torber_n tenet_fw-la rocheborne_n uluiet_a tenuit_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la edw._n in_fw-la alodium_fw-la pro_fw-la manerio_fw-la de_fw-la ista_fw-la hida_fw-la i._o virg_n quam_fw-la calumniabatur_fw-la dicit_fw-la hund._n quod_fw-la t._n r._n e._n quieta_fw-la &_o soluta_fw-la fuit_fw-la &_o inde_fw-la habet_fw-la alwi_fw-la sigillum_fw-la regis_fw-la edw._n exit_fw-la domesdei_fw-la hantescire_fw-la tran_n tainonr_n regis_fw-la edwinus_fw-la tenet_fw-la acangre_n &_o dicit_fw-la quia_fw-la emit_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la willielmo_n sed_fw-la scira_fw-la nescit_fw-la hoc_fw-la de_fw-la hoc_fw-la manerio_fw-la calumniatur_fw-la prepositus_fw-la regis_fw-la dim_a hide_v ad_fw-la pasturam_fw-la boum_fw-la regis_fw-la scira_n vero_fw-la testatur_fw-la quod_fw-la
britain_n fol._n 14_o repulse_v by_o the_o britain_n ibid._n he_o conquer_a not_o britain_n ibid._n calumniare_fw-la in_o law_n what_o fol._n 65_o camolodunum_n fol._n 34_o cambria_n camber_n cwmrt_n cwmraeg_n fol._n 86_o cantref_n what_o fol._n 96_o canutus_n his_o law_n of_o partition_n fol._n 141_o 142_o 143_o caractacus_n prince_n of_o the_o silures_n fol._n 34_o he_o assert_v the_o british_a liberty_n ibid._n his_o protestation_n before_o battle_n ibid._n castle_n on_o border_n of_o scotland_n etc._n etc._n fol._n 79_o cattle_n of_o more_o value_v than_o land_n fol._n 28_o cattle_n dischage_v fine_n &_o amerciament_n fol._n 29_o cerdiford_n in_o hampshire_n out_o of_o domesdey_n fol._n 65_o cennedl_n what_o fol._n 132_o character_n of_o saxon_a fol._n 76_o charter_n of_o saxon_a sign_v by_o the_o norman_a king_n fol._n 76_o change_n from_o villeinage_n to_o gavelkind_n fol._n 157_o 158_o chief_a justice_n fol._n 69_o chief_n in_o urchenfield_n fol._n 110_o chedder_n in_o somersetshire_n fol._n 117_o child_n no_o kindred_n to_o the_o parent_n fol._n 131_o churl_n what_o fol._n 168_o city_n their_o original_a fol._n 7_o claudius_n his_o temple_n fol._n 34_o claim_v and_o recovery_n of_o land_n against_o norman_n fol._n 65_o clergyman_n gentleman_n by_o the_o welsh_a law_n fol._n 173_o clown_n or_o colonus_n what_o fol._n 168_o 177_o cohabitancia_n what_o fol._n 7_o conan_n tindaethwy_n fol._n 26_o conquest_n and_o conqueror_n what_o fol._n 56_o coverfeu_n fol._n 74_o constantine_n the_o great_a fol._n 87_o common_a law_n fol._n 69_o 145_o county_n not_o ancient_o in_o wales_n fol._n 94_o competition_n betwixt_o kent_n and_o urchenfield_n fol._n 106_o cornish_a understand_v base_a british_a and_o welsh_a fol._n 146_o cottager_n and_o cottage_n what_o fol._n 169_o cuntune_v in_o hampshire_n fol._n 66_o custom_n that_o be_v ancient_a fol._n 70_o 150_o custom_n of_o the_o welsh_a fol._n 71_o 132_o cwmmwd_n what_o fol._n 96_o custom_n and_o common_a right_a fol._n 152_o d._n d._n davies_n his_o welsh_a dictionary_n fol._n 98_o danelaege_n what_o fol._n 54_o 57_o 58_o danish_a impression_n on_o our_o law_n fol._n 54_o 55_o daniel_n samuel_n examine_v fol._n 57_o deed_n for_o gavelkind_a fol._n 124_o 125_o 126_o deed_n explain_v produce_v by_o mr._n s._n ibid._n discourse_n polemical_a much_o irregular_a fol._n 3_o division_n intestine_a facilitate_v conquest_n fol._n 16_o division_n of_o wales_n fol._n 96_o domboc_n what_o fol._n 53_o 54_o domesman_n what_o fol._n 110_o 111_o donald_n the_o 5_o lose_a scotland_n to_o the_o saxon_n etc._n etc._n fol._n 163_o 164_o ðâpihinge_n what_o fol._n 70_o druid_n fol._n 16_o the_o british_a judge_n fol._n 17_o their_o learning_n ibid._n their_o judicial_a employment_n ibid._n their_o determination_n of_o right_a ibid._n cause_v execution_n of_o penal_a law_n ibid._n britain_n their_o gymnasium_n fol._n 17_o they_o cease_v fol._n 19_o dubritius_fw-la prince_n and_o bishop_n fol._n 90_o dûn_n what_o it_o signify_v fol._n 116_o dun_n a_o paix_fw-fr in_o scotland_n fol._n 165_o 166_o dutch_a landscheuten_n what_o fol._n 136_o 137_o e._n edgar_z king_n his_o law_n what_o fol._n 54_o 55_o confirm_v by_o the_o conqueror_n fol._n 58_o edgar_n etheling_n fol._n 60_o edlin_n expound_v fol._n 49_o edward_n king_n his_o law_n fol._n 55_o confirm_v by_o the_o conqueror_n fol._n 58_o 59_o edward_n king_n his_o law_n concern_v the_o welsh_a fol._n 51_o 52_o edwin_n and_o morchar_n earl_n fol._n 6â_n edric_n silvaticus_n or_o savage_a fol._n 7â_n elder_a son_n among_o the_o britain_n fol._n 49_o english_a recover_v land_n against_o the_o norman_n fol._n 65_o 66_o english_a normanize_v fol._n 76_o england_n fol._n 87_o english_a settle_v in_o scotland_n fol._n 162_o engine_n or_o urchinfield_n their_o king_n fol._n 44_o 45_o error_n once_o receive_v and_o take_v for_o grant_v fol._n 2_o erdisley_n in_o herefordshire_n fol._n 79_o escuage_z ancient_o fol._n 171_o ethelbert_n king_n his_o translation_n of_o the_o welsh_a law_n fol._n 53_o ethelred_n king_n his_o law_n of_o trial_n fol._n 64_o eubages_fw-la british_a philosopher_n fol._n 20_o exchequer_n when_o erect_v fol._n 74_o f._n fashion_n saxon_a and_o norman_a fol._n 74_o 75_o fealty_n or_o allegiance_n very_o ancient_a fol._n 55_o fee_n feudum_fw-la or_o feodum_fw-la what_o fol._n 170_o 171._o fee-tayl_n its_o original_a fol._n 170_o feminine_a conduct_n among_o the_o britain_n fol._n 33_o feofamentum_fw-la vetus_fw-la &_o novum_fw-la fol._n 140_o fight_a form_n change_v by_o the_o english_a fol._n 77_o for-gavel_a fol._n 118_o fortification_n of_o roman_n saxon_n and_o norman_n fol._n 77_o 78_o 79_o forfeiture_n of_o land_n upon_o what_o ground_n to_o king_n william_n fol._n 67_o 68_o fortalices_fw-la fol._n 79_o fortify_v house_n ancient_a ib._n foster-children_n in_o wales_n divide_v with_o foster-brethren_n fol._n 28_o freeman_n or_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la what_o fol._n 108_o french_a do_v use_v partition_n fol._n 11_o french_a tenure_n of_o partition_n fol._n 12_o french_a how_o use_v in_o our_o law_n fol._n 69_o g._n gable_n gablum_fw-la gabulum_fw-la what_o fol._n 113_o 114_o 115_o gabelle_n among_o the_o french_a fol._n 114_o gablum_fw-la signify_v rend_v fol._n 116_o 117_o 158_o 159_o gablatores_fw-la fol._n 117_o gabella_n fol._n 123_o galfridus_n monumethensis_fw-la defend_v against_o polydore_n virgil_n fol._n 83_o gallic_a custom_n fol._n 11_o gallic_a colony_n fol._n 12_o gavel_n as_o mr._n s._n expound_v it_o what_o fol._n 112_o gavel-gyldam_a fol._n 119_o gavel-man_n fol._n 120_o gavelate_v a_o writ_n fol._n 121_o 122_o 123_o gavel_n in_o denomination_n fol._n 89_o 90_o in_o the_o british_a dictionary_n fol._n 92_o what_o it_o signify_v fol._n 92_o 93_o not_o impose_v by_o the_o norman_n fol._n 95_o use_v in_o welsh_a subdivision_n of_o land_n fol._n 96_o several_a sort_n of_o gavel_n fol._n 102_o 103_o welsh_a law_n for_o gavelkynd_n fol._n 103_o 104_o 105_o 106_o gavelkynd_n a_o mark_n of_o the_o ancient_n briton_n fol._n 152_o 153_o the_o hinge_n of_o the_o british_a law_n fol._n 155_o 156_o gavelkind_n in_o scotland_n fol._n 159_o gavelkind_n throughout_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n fol._n 4_o in_o all_o first_o plantation_n fol._n 5_o antiquity_n of_o it_o fol._n 18_o 137_o among_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n fol._n 24_o the_o signification_n of_o it_o fol._n 26_o the_o evil_a and_o mischief_n of_o it_o fol._n 27_o 81._o the_o best_a use_n of_o it_o fol._n 27_o that_o it_o be_v extra_fw-la cantium_n fol._n 89_o 151_o gavelkind_n in_o the_o term_n owe_v itself_o to_o partition_n fol._n 149_o gavelkind_n in_o the_o statute_n of_o wales_n fol._n 98_o practise_v in_o urchenfield_n fol._n 100_o hold_v rend_v free_a fol._n 123_o 124_o gavel-kind_n land_n in_o the_o king_n fol._n 128_o grant_v to_o hospital_n how_o fol._n 124_o 128_o 129_o grant_v to_o religious_a society_n fol._n 129_o not_o to_o be_v forfeit_v for_o felony_n fol._n 106_o 107_o garrison_n of_o norman_n in_o hereford_n before_o william_n the_o first_o fol._n 78_o gentleman_n by_o the_o british_a law_n fol._n 172_o 173_o german_a custom_n ancient_o fol._n 7_o german_a partition_n in_o principality_n fol._n 9_o 137_o german_a partition_n in_o private_a estate_n fol._n 9_o german_a partition_n evict_v by_o a_o jest_n fol._n 9_o 10_o german_a landscheutan_n what_o fol._n 136_o 137_o give-all-kynne_n fol._n 130_o 131_o gildas_n camberius_n translate_v molmutius_n law_n into_o latin_a fol._n 154_o glamorganshire_n conquer_a fol._n 94_o gothick_n work_v use_v by_o the_o saxon_n fol._n 80_o guorongus_n viceroy_n of_o kent_n fol._n 41_o gueily-gord_a what_o fol._n 105_o gymnasium_n of_o the_o druid_n be_v in_o britain_n fol._n 17_o h._n hacana_n and_o westanheconi_n what_o fol._n 44_o 45_o hecanae_n wulfhardus_fw-la episcopus_fw-la fol._n 44_o hengist_n and_o horsus_n fol._n 37_o hengists_n reception_n of_o kent_n examine_v fol._n 37_o etc._n etc._n how_o hengist_n have_v kent_n fol._n 45_o he_o alter_v not_o the_o kentish_a law_n fol._n 49_o heutland_n fol._n 90_o henry_n the_o first_o command_v the_o observation_n of_o king_n edward_n law_n fol._n 61_o his_o law_n of_o partition_n fol._n 144_o hereditary_a succession_n among_o the_o britain_n fol._n 18_o heriot_n fol._n 108_o herring-gable_n fol._n 116_o highlander_n in_o scotland_n ancient_o britain_n fol._n 160_o hony-gavel_a fol._n 118_o howeldha_n fol._n 25_o he_o make_v not_o the_o welsh_a law_n fol._n 153_o 154_o when_o those_o law_n ascribe_v to_o he_o be_v compile_v fol._n 97_o hugo_n the_o port_n against_o picot_n fol._n 66_o 67_o i._n i_o arsey_n isle_n fol._n 11._o 95_o no_o venomous_a creature_n therein_o ibid._n ina_n king_n his_o law_n concern_v the_o welsh_a fol._n 50_o 51._o 64_o joseph_n of_o arimathea_n fol._n 32_o irish_a rhein-taloon_a or_o partition_n fol._n 99_o irish_a and_o welsh_a one_o language_n original_o fol._n 145_o irish_a and_o british_a law_n agree_v fol._n 153_o irish_a understand_v the_o manc_n and_o highland_n language_n fol._n 146_o ireland_n
kingdom_n of_o kent_n concern_v ethelbert_n the_o four_o king_n after_o hengist_n of_o who_o he_o use_v these_o word_n this_o noble_a king_n have_v a_o care_n for_o they_o that_o shall_v come_v after_o bring_v the_o law_n of_o his_o country_n into_o their_o own_o mother_n tongue_n observe_v here_o that_o by_o this_o time_n from_o the_o saxon_n first_o arrival_n it_o be_v probable_a the_o kentish_a speak_v the_o saxon_a tongue_n their_o language_n before_o be_v british_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o island_n the_o country_n of_o king_n ethelbert_n be_v kont_a and_o his_o mother_n tongue_n be_v saxon_a now_o ethelbert_n find_v the_o law_n of_o his_o country_n british_a the_o saxon_a tongue_n general_o speak_v bring_v those_o law_n out_o of_o british_a into_o saxon_n and_o this_o be_v the_o naked_a meaning_n of_o it_o i_o find_v judicialis_fw-la find_v bedas_n eccl._n hist_n l._n 2._o cap._n 5._o ait_fw-la ethelbertum_n cantiae_fw-la regem_fw-la scripsisse_fw-la idiomate_fw-la saxonice_n libellum_fw-la cvi_fw-la nomen_fw-la indidit_fw-la decreta_fw-la judiciorum_fw-la atque_fw-la judicia_fw-la illa_fw-la vel_fw-la sva_fw-la memoria_fw-la tradit_fw-la suisse_fw-la observata_fw-la aluredus_fw-la in_o praefatione_fw-la legum_fw-la satetur_fw-la se_fw-la ex_fw-la ethelberto_n sumpsisse_fw-la nonnulla_fw-la quid_fw-la plura_fw-la asserius_fw-la menevensis_fw-la olim_fw-la aluredo_fw-la regi_fw-la familiaris_fw-la prodit_fw-la ipsum_fw-la regen_n saxonicis_n mandasse_fw-la literis_fw-la judiciorum_fw-la decreta_fw-la verum_fw-la ad_fw-la nos_fw-la non_fw-la pervenire_fw-la injuria_fw-la temporum_fw-la this_o out_o of_o the_o glossary_a to_o the_o saxon_a law_n under_o this_o word_n libre_fw-la judicialis_fw-la reference_n in_o several_a place_n of_o the_o saxon_n law_n to_o a_o old_a book_n of_o law_n as_o if_o these_o be_v but_o only_a excerption_n out_o of_o it_o as_o in_o the_o five_o law_n of_o king_n aethelstan_n de_fw-fr irruptione_n in_o templum_n it_o be_v say_v triplicis_fw-la ordalii_fw-la sententia_fw-la convincatur_fw-la be_v prout_fw-la in_o libro_fw-la habetur_fw-la judiciali_fw-la compenfato_fw-la and_o this_o in_o the_o saxon_a be_v call_v domboc_a not_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n as_o the_o domesday_n we_o have_v in_o the_o exchequer_n of_o which_o sort_n writer_n do_v also_o mention_v a_o former_a both_o of_o they_o be_v only_o survey_v or_o description_n of_o land_n but_o a_o book_n of_o judgement_n for_o so_o do_v doom_n signify_v in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n the_o like_a i_o find_v in_o the_o five_o law_n of_o king_n edgar_n where_o it_o be_v provide_v that_o he_o that_o do_v not_o observe_v the_o lord_n day_n funnan_n dae_fw-la ges_fw-la poenas_fw-la in_fw-la judiciali_fw-la libro_fw-la descriptas_fw-la pendito_fw-mi so_o likewise_o in_o the_o eight_o of_o king_n edovards_n law_n si_fw-mi quis_fw-la etc._n etc._n be_v etiam_fw-la id_fw-la compensationis_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o libro_fw-la judiciali_fw-la continetur_fw-la praestato_fw-la molmutii_fw-la praestato_fw-la leges_fw-la molmutii_fw-la duawalloâis_fw-la gildas_n cambrius_n in_o latinum_fw-la sermonem_fw-la transtulit_fw-la &_o alphredus_fw-la magnus_fw-la in_o saxonicum_fw-la balaeus_n in_o vita_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la molmutii_fw-la which_o book_n i_o suppose_v contain_v their_o ancient_a law_n translate_v out_o of_o the_o british_a though_o perhaps_o since_o the_o receive_n of_o christianity_n intermingle_v with_o much_o of_o the_o mosaical-judicial-law_n introduce_v both_o by_o the_o britain_n and_o the_o zealous-primitive-christian-saxon_a king_n to_o which_o law_n and_o perhaps_o may_v be_v the_o effect_n thereof_o eleutherius_fw-la the_o pope_n or_o bishop_n of_o rome_n counsel_v and_o refer_v lucius_n the_o brytain_n long_a time_n afore_o this_o age_n we_o be_v now_o write_v of_o i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a that_o they_o have_v diversity_n of_o law_n as_o they_o be_v improper_o call_v viz._n merchenlaege_n westsaxonlaege_n and_o danelaege_n which_o not_o at_o all_o relate_v to_o a_o different_a law_n kind_a custom_n or_o usage_n but_o to_o several_a sort_n of_o amerciament_n mulct_n and_o fine_n for_o the_o transgression_n of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o law_n i_o say_v this_o be_v general_o so_o and_o so_o be_v it_o to_o be_v understand_v in_o the_o second_o of_o king_n alured_n law_n in_o the_o case_n of_o such_o as_o violate_v sanctuary_n and_o be_v this_o mulcta_fw-la vel_fw-la ipsa_fw-la capitis_fw-la aestimatione_fw-la prout_fw-la ejus_fw-la gentis_fw-la feret_fw-la consuetudo_fw-la etc._n etc._n this_o difference_n of_o fines_n and_o pecuniary_a imposition_n i_o find_v frequent_o but_o very_o little_o beside_o which_o be_v also_o all_o the_o impression_n that_o i_o can_v perceive_v the_o rude_a dane_n make_v upon_o the_o english_a in_o relation_n to_o their_o law_n for_o during_o their_o time_n edward_n the_o confessor_n look_v not_o at_o all_o upon_o the_o law_n as_o alter_v but_o say_v they_o be_v asleep_a for_o above_o threescore_o year_n as_o in_o a_o discourse_n concern_v they_o he_o have_v it_o and_o magnify_v they_o so_o high_o that_o in_o his_o restoration_n of_o they_o he_o will_v have_v they_o think_v to_o be_v very_o ancient_a though_o he_o report_v they_o make_v by_o his_o frand-father_n confessoris_fw-la frand-father_n omnes_fw-la proceres_fw-la regni_fw-la &_o milites_fw-la &_o liberi_fw-la hominâs_fw-la uniuââst_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la britanniae_fw-la facere_fw-la debent_fw-la in_fw-la pleno_fw-la folcmote_a fidelitatem_fw-la domino_fw-la regi_fw-la coram_fw-la episcopis_fw-la regm_n hanc_fw-la legem_fw-la invenit_fw-la arthuruâ_n qui_fw-fr quoadam_n suis_fw-la inclytissimus_fw-la rex_fw-la brytonum_fw-la &_o ita_fw-la consolidavit_fw-la &_o confoederavit_fw-la regnuân_fw-la britanniae_fw-la universum_fw-la semper_fw-la in_o unum_fw-la huius_fw-la legis_fw-la authoritate_fw-la expulit_fw-la arthurus_n praedictus_fw-la saracenos_n &_o inimicos_fw-la a_o regno_fw-la lex_fw-la enimista_fw-la diu_fw-la sopita_fw-la fuit_fw-la &_o sepulta_fw-la donec_fw-la edgdrus_n rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la illam_fw-la excilavit_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o leg_n 35._o edovardi_fw-la confessoris_fw-la edgar_n by_o which_o he_o labour_v to_o put_v a_o repute_n upon_o they_o for_o edgar_n be_v a_o wife_n and_o prudent_a prince_n and_o do_v urgent_o press_v the_o execution_n of_o they_o so_o that_o king_n edward_n ascribe_v they_o unto_o he_o as_o these_o very_a law_n after_o the_o norman_a conquest_n be_v call_v the_o law_n of_o holy_a king_n edward_n and_o be_v the_o same_o that_o the_o saxon_a king_n before_o edgar_n do_v use_v notwithstanding_o all_o which_o when_o he_o come_v to_o the_o corroboration_n of_o the_o privilege_n and_o immunity_n of_o the_o ancient_a city_n of_o london_n as_o to_o their_o husââings_n and_o other_o court_n he_o declare_v the_o antiquity_n of_o they_o to_o be_v far_o great_a than_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n edgar_n and_o i_o believe_v be_v coetanious_a with_o the_o ancient_a british_a law_n if_o we_o shall_v grant_v and_o allow_v the_o same_o antiquity_n to_o town_n and_o city_n with_o the_o first_o plant_n of_o the_o isle_n he_o say_v debet_fw-la etiam_fw-la in_o london_n quae_fw-la est_fw-la caput_fw-la regni_fw-la &_o legum_n semper_fw-la curia_fw-la domini_fw-la regius_fw-la singulis_fw-la septimanis_fw-la die_fw-la lunae_fw-la hustengis_fw-la sedere_fw-la &_o ãâã_d âând_v at_o a_o enim_fw-la erat_fw-la olim_fw-la &_o aedisicata_fw-la ad_fw-la instar_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la âââdum_fw-la &_o in_o memoriom_n veteris_fw-la magnae_fw-la trojae_fw-la &_o ufque_n in_o bodiernum_fw-la diem_fw-la leges_fw-la &_o jura_fw-la &_o dignitates_fw-la libertates_fw-la regiasque_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la untiquae_fw-la magnae_fw-la trojae_fw-la in_o se_fw-la continet_fw-la &_o consuetudines_fw-la svas_fw-la una_fw-la semper_fw-la inviolabilitate_fw-la coâservat_fw-la here_o i_o shall_v observe_v that_o as_o well_o as_o london_n enjoy_v her_o privilege_n and_o immunity_n not_o at_o all_o infringe_v from_o so_o great_a antiquity_n notwithstanding_o the_o several_a revolution_n under_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o roman_n saxon_n and_o dane_n other_o place_n of_o the_o same_o island_n may_v also_o probable_o enjoy_v the_o same_o favour_n and_o hold_v their_o custom_n law_n and_o tenor_n from_o as_o great_a antiquity_n but_o i_o have_v do_v with_o this_o revolution_n let_v we_o now_o inquire_v what_o probability_n we_o have_v to_o believe_v that_o chap._n iu._n william_n the_o conqueror_n alter_v not_o but_o confirm_v the_o saxon_a law_n the_o antiquity_n and_o different_a use_n of_o juries_n english_a claim_n and_o recover_v their_o land_n by_o law_n against_o the_o norman_n of_o our_o common_a law_n our_o custom_n forfeiture_n seal_v coverfeu_n exchequer_n fashion_n language_n write_v manner_n of_o fights_z fortification_n and_o building_n have_v pass_v through_o these_o mist_n and_o cloud_n of_o elder_a time_n let_v we_o now_o come_v to_o see_v what_o loss_n or_o alteration_n in_o relation_n to_o our_o law_n and_o custom_n we_o receive_v by_o the_o haereditatis_fw-la the_o the_o denomination_n here_o of_o william_n the_o first_o by_o conquestor_n or_o conqueror_n and_o this_o the_o norman_a conquest_n have_v stumble_v many_o look_v upon_o it_o as_o if_o it_o carry_v with_o it_o the_o enslave_v of_o the_o eaglish_a by_o his_o victorious_a success_n over_o harald_n and_o so_o be_v loath_a to_o afford_v it_o any_o courteous_a reception_n
non_fw-la potest_fw-la habere_fw-la pasturam_fw-la nec_fw-la pasnag_fw-mi de_fw-fr silua_fw-la regis_fw-la sicut_fw-la calumniatur_fw-la nisi_fw-la per_fw-la vicecomitem_fw-la by_o this_o we_o see_v they_o implead_v their_o right_n against_o the_o king_n exit_fw-la eodem_fw-la in_o eadem_fw-la scira_n tran_n willmi_n arcuarii_n isdem_fw-la tenet_fw-la cuntune_v quinque_fw-la teini_fw-la tenuerunt_fw-la de_fw-fr rege_fw-la edw._n &_o quo_fw-la voluerunt_fw-la ire_n potuerant_fw-la aldredus_fw-la frater_fw-la ode_n calumniatur_fw-la unam_fw-la vs._n terre_fw-fr de_fw-fr hoc_fw-la manerio_fw-la &_o dicit_fw-la se_fw-la eam_fw-la tenuisse_fw-la die_fw-la qua_fw-la rex_fw-la edw._n fuit_fw-la vivus_fw-la &_o mortuus_fw-la &_o disaisitus_fw-la fuit_fw-la postquam_fw-la rex_fw-la willmus_fw-la mare_fw-la transiitâ_n &_o ipse_fw-la dirationavit_fw-la coram_fw-la regina_fw-la ind_n est_fw-la testis_fw-la ejus_fw-la hugo_n de_fw-fr port_n &_o homines_fw-la de_fw-la toto_fw-la hundredo_fw-la here_o by_o these_o you_o may_v gather_v several_a manner_n and_o several_a reason_n and_o ground_n of_o claim_n then_o &_o potuit_fw-la ire_n cum_fw-la terra_fw-la sva_fw-la quo_fw-la voluit_fw-la sed_fw-la testes_fw-la willielmi_n nolunt_fw-la accipere_fw-la legem_fw-la nisi_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la usque_fw-la dum_fw-la definiatur_fw-la per_fw-la regem_fw-la etc._n etc._n hugo_n de_fw-fr port_n have_v the_o manor_n of_o cerdiford_n from_o his_o ancestor_n william_n the_o chernet_n make_v claim_v in_o his_o behalf_n against_o picot_n who_o hold_v some_o part_n of_o it_o and_o make_v proof_n of_o it_o by_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o chief_a and_o best_a of_o the_o country_n and_o also_o of_o the_o most_o ancient_a of_o all_o that_o hundred_o picot_n defendant_n produce_v the_o testimony_n of_o the_o villager_n and_o man_n of_o no_o account_n and_o reeves_n or_o bailiff_n who_o offer_v their_o oath_n or_o the_o ordinary_a way_n of_o purgation_n which_o be_v their_o ordeale_n that_o he_o that_o hold_v that_o land_n be_v a_o free_a man_n et_fw-la potuit_fw-la cum_fw-la terra_fw-la sva_fw-la ire_n quo_fw-la voluit_fw-la that_o be_v as_o not_o dependent_a of_o that_o manor_n nor_o of_o the_o custom_n thereof_o may_v dispose_v of_o his_o land_n as_o to_o he_o seem_v best_o but_o the_o witness_n of_o de_fw-fr chernet_fw-ge will_v not_o accept_v of_o the_o trial_n by_o any_o law_n but_o that_o of_o king_n edward_n till_o such_o time_n as_o the_o king_n have_v judge_v it_o this_o you_o must_v understand_v be_v about_o the_o eighteen_o year_n of_o the_o king_n the_o english_a still_o insist_v upon_o the_o law_n of_o king_n edward_n which_o in_o case_n they_o have_v be_v repeal_v it_o have_v be_v a_o great_a vanity_n to_o have_v insist_v upon_o they_o observe_v further_o that_o picot_n entitle_v the_o king_n to_o it_o though_o the_o proof_n be_v the_o vili_fw-la plebe_fw-la of_o the_o scum_n of_o the_o people_n but_o that_o you_o may_v more_o plain_o see_v what_o be_v the_o occasion_n and_o ground_n of_o forfeiture_n of_o land_n in_o those_o day_n and_o what_o course_n be_v take_v for_o claim_n thereupon_o i_o will_v exhibit_v another_o out_o of_o the_o same_o domesday_n in_o the_o same_o county_n where_o under_o the_o title_n of_o terra_fw-la tainorum_fw-la regis_fw-la it_o be_v record_v that_o alwi_n filius_fw-la turber_n tenet_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la tederlec_fw-la tres_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la tenuerunt_fw-la in_o alodium_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la edwardo_n dicunt_fw-la homines_fw-la de_fw-la hundredo_fw-la quod_fw-la nunquam_fw-la viderunt_fw-la sigillum_fw-la vel_fw-la legatum_fw-la regis_fw-la qui_fw-la saississet_fw-la alwinum_fw-la antecessorem_fw-la ejus_fw-la qui_fw-la modo_fw-la tenet_fw-la de_fw-la isto_fw-la manerio_fw-la &_o nisi_fw-la rex_fw-la testificetur_fw-la nichil_fw-la habet_fw-la ibi_fw-la duo_fw-la ex_fw-la his_fw-la qui_fw-la tenuerunt_fw-la occisi_fw-la fuerant_fw-la in_o bello_fw-la de_fw-fr hastings_n the_o inquiry_n then_o make_v for_o to_o cause_v the_o forfeiture_n be_v this_o whether_o the_o land_n do_v belong_v to_o any_o one_o that_o be_v in_o the_o battle_n of_o hastings_n and_o there_o do_v take_v part_n with_o harold_n against_o king_n william_n which_o be_v the_o same_o that_o sherborn_n plead_v for_o himself_o against_o the_o king_n gift_n of_o his_o land_n to_o warren_n that_o he_o do_v never_o bear_v arm_n against_o the_o king_n but_o in_o berrocshire_n in_o the_o same_o record_n under_o the_o title_n of_o terra_n regis_n it_o be_v that_o pandeborne_fw-mi jacuit_fw-la in_o firma_fw-la t.r.e._n &_o post_fw-la tenuit_fw-la alwoldus_n camerarius_fw-la sed_fw-la hundr_n nescit_fw-la quomodo_fw-la habuit_fw-la frogerius_n postea_fw-la misit_fw-la in_o firma_fw-la regis_fw-la absque_fw-la placito_fw-la &_o lege_fw-la by_o which_o we_o may_v gather_v that_o notwithstanding_o the_o entitul_a the_o king_n to_o the_o land_n yet_o the_o candour_n and_o integrity_n of_o the_o 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their_o danish_a turmoil_n that_o like_o as_o the_o britain_n make_v use_n of_o they_o and_o their_o ancestor_n against_o the_o pict_n so_o now_o these_o saxon_n make_v use_n of_o the_o norman_n against_o the_o britain_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o their_o welsh_a border_n of_o who_o a_o considerable_a party_n lie_v in_o garrison_n in_o hereford_n and_o be_v after_z william_n the_o conqueror_n have_v be_v here_o above_o a_o year_n hard_o put_v to_o it_o under_o the_o government_n of_o scrâp_n as_o he_o be_v name_v in_o domesdey_n by_o edricus_n silvaticus_n or_o savage_a lord_n of_o wigmore_n who_o at_o last_o be_v take_v by_o radulfe_n de_fw-fr mortuomari_n his_o land_n be_v by_o the_o king_n for_o this_o great_a service_n bestow_v upon_o the_o say_v radulfe_n these_o norman_n which_o i_o suppose_v be_v introduce_v by_o edward_n the_o confessor_n the_o conqueror_n take_v care_n of_o in_o a_o provisional_n law_n which_o carry_v this_o title_n before_o it_o de_fw-fr jure_fw-la normannorum_fw-la qui_fw-la ante_fw-la adventum_fw-la guilielmi_n cives_fw-la fuerant_fw-la anglicani_n where_o in_o the_o body_n thereof_o it_o be_v that_o omnis_fw-la francigena_n qui_fw-la tempore_fw-la edwardi_fw-la propinqui_fw-la nostri_fw-la fuit_fw-la in_o anglia_fw-it particeps_fw-la consuetudinum_fw-la anglorum_fw-la quod_fw-la ipsi_fw-la dicunt_fw-la anhlote_n &_o anscote_n i.e._n scot_n and_o lot_n as_o we_o call_v it_o persolvat_fw-la secundùm_fw-la legem_fw-la anglorum_fw-la but_o this_o be_v not_o altogether_o so_o strange_a if_o we_o consider_v the_o warlike_a disposition_n of_o the_o norman_n in_o that_o age_n in_o continual_a turmoil_n with_o the_o french_a and_o the_o relation_n king_n edward_n have_v to_o normandy_n their_o fortification_n be_v not_o of_o any_o great_a variety_n delight_n judge_v dodaridge_n in_o his_o treatise_n of_o nobllity_n p._n 118._o write_v of_o knight_n their_o dispose_n of_o their_o estate_n in_o those_o elder_a time_n say_v for_o they_o do_v thus_o
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the_o latin_a castrum_n for_o which_o the_o britain_n have_v a_o word_n of_o their_o own_o viz._n taer_n and_o all_o those_o denomination_n of_o place_n with_o the_o faid_a saxon_a termination_n of_o checter_n be_v demonstration_n of_o roman_a fortification_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o britain_n as_o well_o as_o note_n of_o the_o saxon_a intermixture_n of_o which_o sort_n there_o be_v very_o many_o in_o the_o like_a manner_n may_v it_o fall_v out_o with_o this_o termination_n of_o our_o word_n in_o controversy_n that_o in_o case_n kind_a shall_v chance_v to_o be_v a_o saxon_a affix_v such_o a_o mixture_n will_v not_o prove_v a_o thing_n unusual_a in_o their_o practice_n and_o may_v very_o proper_o be_v so_o conjoin_v if_o kind_a or_o as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o saxon_a gecynd_n signify_v the_o same_o thing_n as_o in_o mankind_n and_o be_v in_o latin_a render_v genus_fw-la humanum_fw-la aut_fw-la natura_fw-la it_o may_v then_o be_v suppose_v that_o the_o saxon_n meet_v with_o the_o british_a gavel_n and_o understand_v it_o to_o be_v their_o common_a tenure_n add_v something_o to_o express_v it_o to_o their_o own_o apprehension_n which_o be_v set_v together_o will_v signify_v and_o that_o proper_o enough_o genus_fw-la tenurae_fw-la for_o that_o kind_a of_o tenure_n deserve_v to_o have_v a_o denomination_n of_o great_a remark_n it_o be_v if_o not_o the_o only_a yet_o the_o most_o eminent_a and_o most_o general_a tenure_n among_o they_o but_o have_v already_o herein_o profess_a scepticism_n profess_a scepticism_n scepticism_n i_o will_v not_o attempt_v to_o impose_v upon_o the_o reader_n either_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o though_o either_o of_o they_o may_v pass_v without_o the_o least_o injury_n to_o the_o tenure_n leave_v it_o to_o the_o investigation_n of_o some_o more_o at_o leisure_n provide_v that_o you_o conceive_v i_o not_o to_o have_v forsake_v my_o ground_n or_o give_v back_o in_o the_o concernment_n of_o the_o main_a part_n of_o the_o word_n and_o that_o which_o be_v most_o material_a to_o the_o original_n of_o gavel_n although_o it_o have_v as_o many_o termination_n as_o either_o a_o latin_a or_o greek_a word_n decline_v in_o its_o several_a case_n and_o therefore_o leave_v it_o only_o desire_v a_o acceptation_n of_o this_o essay_n in_o good_a part_n without_o a_o condemnation_n thereof_o until_o a_o better_a can_v be_v produce_v and_o so_o i_o pass_v my_o discourse_n over_o to_o treat_v somewhat_o chap._n xii_o concern_v the_o german_a landscheutan_a and_o their_o ignorance_n of_o gavelkynd_n notwithstanding_o the_o uncertainty_n we_o labour_v under_o as_o to_o the_o termination_n in_o the_o precedent_a chapter_n yet_o in_o this_o we_o shall_v show_v how_o that_o the_o saxon_n and_o the_o german_n have_v the_o use_n of_o this_o partible_a tenure_n from_o great_a antiquity_n have_v a_o particular_a denomination_n for_o it_o not_o make_v use_n of_o any_o part_n of_o the_o word_n in_o question_n and_o mr._n s._n himself_o in_o his_o 45_o page_n write_v thus_o that_o such_o be_v the_o nature_n and_o condition_n of_o gavelkind-land_n be_v not_o only_o subject_a and_o liable_a to_o what_o the_o civilian_n in_o their_o phrase_n be_v wont_a to_o call_v judicium_fw-la or_o actio_fw-la familiae_fw-la herciscundae_fw-la de_fw-la communi_fw-la dividundo_fw-la the_o âeudists_n adaequatio_fw-la paragium_fw-la we_o in_o our_o language_n call_v it_o coparcenary-land-shifting_a and_o the_o like_a but_o withal_o so_o subject_a to_o it_o as_o that_o partition_n do_v always_o accompany_v land_n of_o that_o nature_n and_o be_v indeed_o as_o inseparable_a from_o it_o as_o the_o contrary_a from_o knights-service-land_n what_o be_v here_o call_v coparcenary-land-shifting_a will_v afford_v we_o one_o glimpse_n of_o light_n more_o to_o our_o undertake_n for_o if_o the_o actio_fw-la de_fw-fr communi_fw-la dividundo_fw-la according_a to_o the_o civillian_n join_v with_o adaequatio_fw-la and_o paragium_fw-la according_a to_o the_o feudist_n be_v put_v in_o parallel_n with_o land-shifting_a they_o will_v all_o prove_v to_o express_v the_o same_o thing_n as_o gavelkind_n do_v for_o although_o the_o german_n have_v this_o tenure_n of_o partition_n as_o i_o have_v say_v yet_o understand_v they_o not_o nor_o know_v any_o thing_n of_o the_o word_n gavelkynd_n nor_o of_o its_o sound_n which_o have_v it_o be_v of_o a_o saxon_a pedigree_n assure_o they_o will_v have_v find_v out_o the_o kindred_n and_o relation_n it_o have_v to_o their_o speech_n and_o how_o all_o germany_n shall_v so_o irrecoverable_o lose_v the_o denomination_n of_o a_o thing_n of_o so_o great_a consequence_n as_o this_o tenure_n have_v be_v and_o be_v at_o this_o day_n and_o nominate_v it_o by_o a_o word_n that_o have_v not_o any_o affinity_n of_o sound_n to_o our_o gavelkynd_n and_o notwithstanding_o all_o this_o that_o this_o gavelkynd_n shall_v be_v of_o a_o saxon_a original_a and_o foster_v and_o know_v in_o our_o island_n and_o after_o many_o century_n of_o year_n again_o father_v upon_o they_o who_o neither_o by_o themselves_o nor_o by_o their_o neighbour_n can_v fasten_v any_o acquaintance_n with_o it_o be_v consideration_n very_o strange_a and_o wonderful_a to_o i_o the_o tenure_n they_o have_v and_o express_v it_o i_o say_v by_o a_o genuine_a and_o significant_a word_n of_o their_o own_o calling_z it_o land-skiftan_a as_o i_o find_v it_o most_o common_o write_v which_o some_o expound_v to_o signify_v part-land_n and_o i_o think_v be_v improper_o write_v land-shifting_a for_o land_n be_v as_o well_o say_v to_o be_v shift_v when_o upon_o the_o father_n decease_n they_o descend_v to_o one_o son_n as_o when_o they_o be_v part_v among_o many_o so_o that_o shift_a do_v not_o so_o proper_o signify_v a_o partition_n as_o it_o do_v a_o alienation_n but_o proper_o i_o find_v it_o to_o be_v the_o procedure_n of_o a_o word_n in_o dutch_a name_v scheut_n or_o as_o in_o the_o plural_a number_n it_o be_v scheuten_n which_o be_v the_o denomination_n for_o that_o which_o the_o latin_n call_v surculus_fw-la and_o believe_v that_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o we_o in_o our_o english_a call_v young_a twig_n or_o branch_n shoot_v so_o that_o land-skiftan_a or_o landscheutan_a be_v the_o same_o in_o signification_n with_o gavelkynd_n both_o signify_v tenura_n or_o terra_fw-la familias_fw-la progenici_fw-la stirpis_fw-la aut_fw-la surculorum_fw-la which_o be_v the_o tenure_n or_o the_o land_n belong_v unto_o the_o young_a twig_n or_o branch_n of_o a_o family_n or_o generation_n if_o you_o grant_v i_o the_o entire_a british_a interpretation_n thereof_o but_o whether_o it_o be_v denominate_v as_o mr._n s._n and_o other_o have_v it_o land-shifting_a or_o this_o way_n which_o i_o adhere_v unto_o i_o will_v not_o make_v it_o my_o business_n about_o it_o to_o contend_v only_o let_v i_o re-mind_n you_o that_o this_o custom_n be_v so_o far_o and_o free_o own_v among_o the_o german_n even_o among_o their_o prince_n in_o relation_n to_o the_o divide_v and_o part_v the_o land_n of_o their_o principality_n as_o ever_o it_o have_v be_v in_o former_a time_n among_o the_o welsh_a and_o that_o all_o those_o other_o tenor_n by_o which_o land_n be_v now_o hold_v be_v to_o be_v reckon_v and_o esteem_v but_o as_o so_o many_o intruder_n and_o novice_n over_o all_o europe_n they_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o effect_n of_o the_o policy_n of_o conqueror_n for_o the_o more_o secure_a settlement_n of_o their_o militia_n which_o usher_v in_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o next_o chapter_n which_o shall_v be_v to_o show_v chap._n xiii_o when_o and_o for_o what_o reason_n primogeniture_n have_v the_o preference_n although_o this_o theme_n may_v give_v i_o occasion_n to_o look_v very_o far_o backward_o to_o the_o first_o grant_v preference_n to_o primogeniture_n yet_o i_o shall_v undertake_v no_o further_o than_o to_o discourse_v upon_o it_o in_o contemplation_n of_o what_o mr._n s._n say_v in_o his_o page_n viz._n the_o conqueror_n consent_v to_o the_o succession_n
and_o thule_n call_v britain_n fol._n 145_o italian_a partition_n fol._n 12_o 13_o jurye_n fol._n 61_o 62_o 63_o jurye_n among_o the_o welsh_a fol._n 64_o jus_fw-la angliae_fw-la both_o in_o socage_n and_o knights-fee_n fol._n 139_o k._n kentish-british_a law_n not_o alter_v by_o hengist_n fol._n 46_o kent_n invest_v in_o hengist_n examine_v fol._n 37_o kent_n change_v her_o gavelkind_n fol._n 81_o kenneth_n king_n of_o scot_n expel_v the_o pict_n fol._n 163_o kent_n have_v four_o king_n at_o one_o time_n fol._n 45_o kingsland_n fol._n 44_o king_n ethelmund_n ibid._n king_n pibanus_n of_o ergin_n fol._n 44._o 91_o king_n gorvodius_n milfrith_n etc._n etc._n fol._n 45_o kings-bench_n fol._n 69_o kindred_n what_o it_o be_v fol._n 130_o 131_o knave_n whence_o and_o what_o fol._n 176_o gods-cnave_a ibid._n knight-service_n in_o wales_n fol._n 103._o 107_o knights-fee_n descend_v to_o the_o elder_a fol._n 138_o kind_a fol._n 27._o 130_o 131._o 133_o l._n landscheutan_a german_a tenure_n fol._n 135_o 136_o 137._o land-shifting_a landskistan_n fol._n 136_o the_o saxon_a denomination_n of_o partition_n fol._n 143_o the_o proper_a kentish_a appellation_n fol._n 144_o 145_o land_n ancient_o not_o valuable_a fol._n 6._o 28_o language_n of_o scotland_n fol._n 76_o saxon_n english_a and_z french_z fol._n 75_o 76_o english_a not_o change_v by_o the_o norman_a conquest_n fol._n 75_o welsh_n the_o remain_v of_o the_o gallic_a and_o british_a fol._n 17_o law_n of_o king_n edward_n confirm_v by_o the_o norman_n fol._n 58_o 59_o lawes-common_a not_o write_v fol._n 69_o lawcase_n ibid._n law_n of_o england_n overthrow_v norman_n intruder_n fol._n 65_o learning_n of_o the_o druid_n fol._n 17_o legales_fw-la homines_fw-la or_o yeoman_n mark_fw-mi fol._n 63_o lieutenant_n of_o the_o saxon_a shore_n in_o britain_n fol._n 39_o lempster_n from_o a_o church_n of_o nun_n fol._n 44_o lewes_n in_o sussex_n fol._n 71_o lesley_n bishop_n of_o ross_n in_o scotland_n a_o historian_n fol._n 163_o lewis_n island_n in_o scotland_n hold_v gavelkind_a fol._n 160_o liberty_n of_o englishman_n fol._n 81_o liberi_fw-la sokemanni_n what_o fol._n 148_o llââ_n what_o fol._n 90_o llanfrawtwt_v a_o college_n ancient_o found_v fol._n 90_o llangattock_n gafael_n meâbon_n ibid._n litthfield_n chronicle_n fol._n 58_o loager_n loegria_n fol._n 86_o lonaââ_n fol._n 87_o london_n a_o memorial_n of_o troy_n fol._n 83_o london_n its_o law_n very_o ancient_a fol._n 55_o lower_v germany_n use_v partition_n fol._n 11_o m._n mail_v fol._n 120._o 133_o manor_n or_o circuit_n in_o wales_n ancient_o fol._n 96_o marquess_n lord_n marcher_n fol._n 42_o mayor_n whence_o derive_v fol._n 49_o menavians_n understand_v welsh_a and_o irish_a fol._n 146_o merewoldus_n a_o king_n fol._n 43_o merimnus_n a_o king_n fol._n 44_o mercelin_n a_o king_n ibid._n merchenlaege_n what_o fol._n 54_o 57_o mate-gavel_a fol._n 118_o mickel-gemote_a fol._n 65_o military_a fee_n fol._n 149_o morgan_n fol._n 132_o 133_o monmouthshire_n conquer_a fol._n 93_o mortimer_n radulf_n fol._n 78_o mulct_n different_a in_o rate_n in_o england_n fol._n 59_o mulmuâus_n dunwallo_n british_a legisâtor_n fol._n 154_o his_o law_n translate_v into_o saxon_a fol._n 54._o 154_o n._n neife_n what_o ancient_o fol._n 169_o norman_n of_o their_o conquest_n fol._n 56_o 57_o of_o their_o alteration_n ibid._n they_o alter_v not_o the_o english_a law_n fol._n 57_o of_o their_o law_n in_o normandy_n or_o neustria_n ibid._n employ_v in_o england_n before_o william_n the_o first_o fol._n 78_o their_o enter_a into_o wales_n fol._n 93_o their_o original_a from_o norway_n fol._n 58_o o._n oath_n of_o allegiance_n fol._n 55._o 61_o oat_n or_o oale-gavel_a fol._n 113_o doin_n what_o fol._n 174_o ollavintone_n in_o berkshire_n fol._n 73_o offa_n ditch_n a_o limit_n fol._n 43_o opinion_n receive_v hardly_o remove_v fol._n 1_o ostorius_n publius_n fol._n 34_o p._n paganus_fw-la pagan_a what_o fol._n 168._o 175_o 176_o palatinate_n cheshire_n and_o glamorganshire_n fol._n 94_o pandeborn_n in_o berkshire_n fol._n 68_o parliament_n fol._n 65_o parcener_n per_fw-la le_fw-fr custom_n fol._n 147_o 148_o partition_n use_v in_o first_o plantation_n fol._n 6_o use_v by_o the_o israelite_n fol._n 8_o antiquity_n of_o it_o by_o sacred_a and_o profane_a authority_n fol._n 9_o 10_o make_a use_n of_o by_o brute_n to_o his_o son_n fol._n 15_o 16_o the_o custom_n of_o wales_n fol._n 28._o 103._o 156_o among_o male_n and_o female_n fol._n 100_o 101_o use_v by_o the_o saxon_n fol._n 141_o 142_o 143_o use_v by_o the_o english_a norman_n fol._n 144_o not_o in_o the_o term_n gavelkind_n fol._n 147_o 148_o whether_o ratione_fw-la rei_fw-la aut_fw-la ratione_fw-la terrae_fw-la fol._n 149_o continue_v in_o wales_n by_o statute_n fol._n 153_o the_o manner_n of_o it_o among_o the_o welsh_a fol._n 156_o pencennedl_n or_o chief_n among_o the_o britain_n fol._n 23._o 97._o 132_o jew_n fol._n 23_o scot_n fol._n 24_o irish_a fol._n 97_o pelagian_a heresy_n set_v against_o fol._n 90_o penda_fw-la pibanus_n king_n of_o urchenfield_n fol._n 44._o 91_o piben_fw-ge wat_fw-mi fol._n 174_o pict_n they_o injure_v and_o repulse_v the_o britain_n fol._n 36_o the_o pict_n wall_n ibid._n planter_n at_o first_o the_o condition_n of_o they_o fol._n 5_o placita_fw-la what_o and_o plead_n ancient_o fol._n 68_o 69_o plead_n in_o french_a fol._n 69_o pluntune_v fol._n 116_o powisland_n divide_v subdivide_v and_o parcele_v fol._n 25_o 26_o polydore_v virgil_n examine_v fol._n 83_o privilege_n of_o urchenfield_n fol._n 108._o 156_o primogeniture_n prefer_v fol._n 82._o 138_o price_n sir_n john_n his_o defence_n hist_o brit._n fol._n 84_o pride-gavel_a what_o fol._n 112_o 113_o primogeniture_n in_o scotland_n wây_n fol._n 166_o r._n read-gavel_a fol._n 119_o reguli_fw-la or_o petty_a king_n fol._n 15_o 45_o regulus_n and_o rex_fw-la fol._n 42_o referree_n of_o howel-dha_a what_o they_o do_v fol._n 155_o relief_n fol._n 108_o rent_n reserve_v fol._n 7_o rent_n how_o to_o be_v understand_v fol._n 115_o 116_o rent_n several_a sort_n fol._n 117_o rend_v land_n what_o ancient_o call_v fol._n 119_o rhandir_n what_o fol._n 96_o rodeley_n in_o gloucestershire_n fol._n 112_o roderic_n the_o great_a fol._n 24_o rogerus_fw-la deus_fw-la salvet_fw-la dominas_fw-la fol._n 177_o rochborn_n in_o hampshire_n fol._n 66_o roturier_n of_o france_n fol._n 11_o 95_o rowena_n hengist_n daughter_n fol._n 39_o 41_o roman_a empire_n part_v fol._n 87_o 88_o roman_n alter_v not_o the_o british_a law_n or_o custom_n fol._n 29_o greedy_a of_o conquest_n fol._n 30_o their_o proceed_n in_o the_o conquest_n of_o judaea_n fol._n 30_o of_o greece_n ibid._n of_o britain_n fol._n 30_o 31_o they_o use_v word_n of_o the_o british_a language_n fol._n 31_o set_v up_o a_o false_a will_n for_o the_o emperor_n fol._n 32_o the_o effect_n of_o it_o fol._n 32_o 33_o they_o desert_n britain_n fol._n 35_o s._n saisson_n and_o saisnaeg_n how_o to_o be_v understand_v fol._n 86_o saxon_n they_o co-inhabit_a with_o the_o britain_n fol._n 37_o they_o defend_v the_o pict_n wall_n fol._n 38_o whether_o they_o extirpate_v the_o britain_n or_o no_v ibid._n they_o break_v their_o article_n with_o the_o britain_n fol._n 38_o their_o piracy_n fol._n 41_o they_o fail_v in_o their_o trust_n fol._n 42_o they_o expel_v not_o the_o britain_n fol._n 47_o they_o borrow_v many_o british_a word_n fol._n 48_o 49_o they_o use_v british_a law_n and_o custom_n fol._n 49_o they_o intermix_v their_o saxon_n with_o british_a fol._n 50_o their_o law_n provide_v for_o the_o british_a inhabitant_n fol._n 50_o 51_o 52_o they_o use_v partition_n of_o land_n fol._n 141_o their_o nobility_n who_o and_o what_o fol._n 70_o concern_v their_o character_n fol._n 76_o they_o write_v latin_a ancient_o in_o roman_a letter_n fol._n 76_o they_o change_v their_o form_n of_o fight_a fol._n 77_o sand-gavel_a what_o fol._n 113_o seal_v and_o sign_v of_o charter_n fol._n 72_o 73_o serjeanty_n grand_a and_o petit_n fol._n 171_o servi_n what_o ancient_o fol._n 169._o 172_o servitude_n not_o in_o england_n fol._n 81_o scotish_n language_n fol._n 76_o scot_n and_o lot_n what_o fol._n 78_o scotland_n fol._n 87_o scotish-socage-land_n fol._n 159_o 160_o scotish_n with_o their_o language_n have_v the_o saxon_a custom_n fol._n 161_o scotish_n tongue_n before_o william_n the_o conqueror_n ibid._n scot_n receive_v the_o english_a temp_n willielmi_n primi_fw-la fol._n 162_o scotish_n tongue_n when_o first_o receive_v fol._n 162_o 163_o scotish_n bound_n in_o scotland_n fol._n 165_o sherborn_n against_o warren_n fol._n 65_o shire_n not_o ancient_o in_o wales_n fol._n 94_o soc_n and_o sac_n what_o fol._n 177_o 178_o 179_o socage_n land_n change_v fol._n 139_o socage_n land_n ancient_o partible_a fol._n 89_o 139_o spersold_v in_o berkshire_n fol._n 73_o surname_n when_o first_o use_v fol._n 176_o 177_o suit_n and_o doom_n in_o urchenfield_n fol._n 111_o swyddog_n a_o magistrate_n in_o welsh_a fol._n 93_o 173_o swine-gavel_a what_o fol._n 115_o
kingdom_n etc._n etc._n and_o after_o present_o discourse_v upon_o what_o by_o some_o author_n have_v be_v affirm_v viz._n that_o either_o the_o conqueror_n or_o his_o brother_n odo_n bring_v it_o thither_o out_o of_o normandy_n and_o there_o plant_v it_o by_o the_o pattern_n and_o practice_n of_o his_o own_o country_n with_o much_o reason_n add_v for_o have_v it_o be_v from_o thence_o transplant_v probable_o it_o will_v not_o have_v be_v confine_v to_o kent_n a_o corner_n only_o of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o have_v spread_v itself_o rather_o over_o the_o whole_a by_o the_o conqueror_n mean_n who_o inclination_n and_o endeavour_n to_o propagate_v and_o implant_v here_o the_o custom_n of_o his_o own_o country_n be_v too_o eminent_a and_o notorious_a to_o be_v doubt_v of_o i_o may_v by_o the_o same_o reason_n argue_v that_o this_o custom_n be_v current_n in_o more_o ancient_a time_n may_v have_v its_o being_n not_o only_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_a government_n but_o its_o beginning_n long_o before_o and_o for_o my_o part_n i_o make_v no_o question_n but_o in_o elder_a time_n it_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o all_o europe_n if_o not_o of_o all_o the_o world_n especial_o then_o when_o the_o inhabitant_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o paucity_n can_v so_o easy_o afford_v ground_n and_o room_n to_o their_o branch_a and_o spread_a generation_n such_o thought_n have_v thucydides_n of_o the_o first_o plantation_n and_o incolae_fw-la of_o greece_n for_o it_o be_v evident_a say_v he_o that_o that_o which_o be_v now_o call_v hellai_n viz._n greece_n be_v not_o of_o old_a constant_o inhabit_v but_o that_o at_o first_o there_o be_v often_o removal_n every_o one_o easy_o leave_v the_o place_n of_o his_o abode_n to_o the_o violence_n always_o of_o some_o great_a number_n and_o every_o man_n so_o husband_v the_o ground_n as_o but_o bare_o to_o live_v upon_o it_o without_o any_o stock_n of_o riches_n and_o plant_v nothing_o because_o it_o be_v uncertain_a when_o another_o shall_v invade_v they_o and_o carry_v all_o away_o especial_o not_o have_v the_o defence_n of_o wall_n but_o make_v account_n to_o be_v master_n in_o any_o place_n of_o such_o necessary_a sustenance_n as_o may_v serve_v they_o from_o day_n to_o day_n they_o make_v little_a difficulty_n to_o change_v their_o habitation_n for_o the_o goodness_n of_o the_o land_n increase_v the_o power_n of_o some_o particular_a man_n both_o cause_v sedition_n whereby_o they_o be_v ruin_v at_o home_n and_o withal_o make_v they_o more_o obnoxious_a to_o the_o insidiation_n of_o stranger_n and_o a_o modern_a author_n out_o of_o homer_n write_v of_o those_o first_o solutum_fw-la first_o sallust_n cite_v by_o mr._n selden_n in_o his_o mare_n claus_n l._n 1._o c._n 7._o de_fw-la aborigiaibus_fw-la in_o conjurat_fw-la catilinae_fw-la say_v they_o be_v genus_fw-la hominum_fw-la agreste_fw-la sine_fw-la legibus_fw-la sine_fw-la imperio_fw-la liberum_fw-la atque_fw-la solutum_fw-la planter_n say_v in_o tâguriis_fw-la atque_fw-la antris_fw-la habitabant_fw-la ac_fw-la sine_fw-la legibus_fw-la sine_fw-la certis_fw-la sedibus_fw-la palantes_fw-la vagerentur_fw-la et_fw-la trojanis_fw-la temportbus_fw-la in_o sicilia_n describit_fw-la homerus_fw-la illus_fw-la aetatis_fw-la imaginem_fw-la nec_fw-la fora_fw-la conciliis_fw-la fervent_a nec_fw-la judice_fw-la tantum_fw-la antra_fw-la colunt_fw-la umbrosa_fw-la altis_fw-la in_o montibus_fw-la aedes_fw-la quisquesuas_fw-la regit_fw-la vxorem_fw-la natosque_fw-la nec_fw-la ulli_fw-la incommune_fw-la vacat_fw-la socias_fw-la extendere_fw-la curas_fw-la then_o be_v it_o i_o believe_v that_o they_o prudent_o use_v this_o kind_n of_o partition_n which_o extend_v itself_o no_o further_o than_o a_o division_n of_o stock_n and_o good_n by_o it_o equal_o to_o enable_v all_o the_o participant_n to_o settle_v to_o a_o livelihood_n and_o decline_v rapine_n which_o be_v the_o use_n and_o practice_n of_o the_o first_o incolae_fw-la this_o be_v also_o describe_v by_o thucydide_n discourse_v of_o the_o ancient_a greek_n report_v that_o they_o in_o old_a time_n and_o such_o barbarian_n as_o in_o the_o continent_n live_v near_o unto_o the_o sea_n or_o else_o inhabit_v the_o island_n after_o once_o they_o begin_v to_o cross_v over_o one_o to_o another_o in_o ship_n become_v thief_n rifle_v the_o weak_a and_o make_v this_o the_o best_a mean_n of_o their_o live_n be_v a_o matter_n at_o that_o time_n no_o where_o in_o disgrace_n this_o say_v thucydides_n of_o his_o own_o age_n be_v manifest_a by_o some_o that_o dwell_v on_o the_o continent_n among_o who_o so_o it_o be_v perform_v noble_o it_o be_v still_o esteem_v as_o a_o ornament_n it_o be_v in_o those_o elder_a time_n that_o riches_n consist_v not_o in_o have_v a_o propriety_n to_o land_n but_o rather_o in_o the_o number_n of_o servant_n to_o manage_v and_o defend_v their_o great_a stock_n and_o herd_n of_o catel_n and_o this_o i_o guess_v to_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o many_o have_v rational_o derive_v pecunia_n from_o pecus_fw-la and_o 119._o and_o it_o be_v long_o after_o the_o first_o plantation_n of_o our_o island_n that_o money_n be_v in_o use_n and_o long_o before_o the_o king_n due_n be_v pay_v in_o mony_n for_o judge_n doderidge_n out_o of_o gervasius_n tilburiensis_n a_o learned_a man_n who_o flourish_v in_o the_o day_n of_o king_n hen._n 2._o in_o his_o dialogue_n of_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o king_n exchequer_n have_v in_o effect_n as_o follow_v until_o the_o time_n say_v he_o of_o king_n hen_n 1._o the_o king_n use_v not_o to_o receive_v money_n of_o their_o land_n but_o victual_n for_o the_o provision_n of_o their_o house_n and_o towards_o the_o payment_n of_o their_o soldier_n wage_n and_o such_o like_a charge_n money_n be_v raise_v out_o of_o the_o city_n and_o castle_n in_o which_o husbandry_n and_o tillage_n be_v not_o use_v and_o exercise_v but_o at_o length_n when_o the_o king_n be_v in_o part_n beyond_o the_o sea_n need_v ready_a money_n for_o and_o towards_o the_o furniture_n of_o the_o war_n and_o his_o subject_n and_o farmer_n complain_v that_o they_o be_v grievous_o trouble_v by_o carriage_n of_o victual_n into_o sundry_a part_n of_o the_o realm_n far_o distant_a from_o their_o dwelling_n the_o king_n direct_v commission_n to_o certain_a discreet_a person_n who_o have_v a_o regard_n of_o those_o victual_n shall_v reduce_v they_o into_o reasonable_a sum_n of_o money_n the_o levy_n of_o which_o sum_n they_o appoint_v to_o the_o sheriff_n taking_z order_z withal_o that_o he_o shall_v pay_v they_o at_o the_o scale_n or_o beam_n that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o he_o shall_v pay_v sixpence_n over_o and_o above_o every_o pound_n weight_n of_o money_n because_o they_o think_v that_o the_o money_n in_o time_n will_v wax_v so_o much_o the_o worse_o for_o the_o wear_n exit_fw-la camden_n &_o littleton_n treatise_n of_o nobility_n pag._n 118_o 119._o pecunia_n in_o our_o ancient_a saxon_a law_n be_v often_o make_v use_n of_o for_o pecus_fw-la and_o then_o we_o must_v imagine_v they_o rather_o pastor_n than_o landlord_n such_o who_o change_v their_o land_n at_o pleasure_n and_o their_o habitation_n together_o for_o the_o better_a accommodation_n of_o their_o stock_n whose_o wealth_n be_v sum_v up_o as_o job_n by_o servant_n and_o catel_n but_o as_o people_n multiply_v and_o their_o number_n increase_v so_o that_o they_o have_v not_o conveniency_n of_o wander_v as_o former_o by_o the_o reason_n that_o land_n be_v general_o occupy_v according_a to_o the_o ability_n of_o family_n in_o their_o stock_n and_o number_n of_o catel_n than_o do_v land_n also_o by_o degree_n become_v impropriate_v observe_v nevertheless_o the_o same_o manner_n of_o partition_n of_o such_o land_n as_o before_o they_o have_v do_v of_o good_n for_o as_o before_o when_o they_o may_v have_v have_v land_n enough_o what_o shall_v they_o have_v do_v with_o it_o without_o stock_n so_o now_o when_o land_n be_v impropriate_v what_o shall_v they_o do_v with_o stock_n without_o land_n and_o for_o fear_n of_o that_o violence_n i_o before_o discourse_v of_o come_v first_o of_o all_o cohabitancia_n that_o be_v live_v together_o in_o society_n which_o without_o any_o disgrace_n be_v villeinage_n and_o so_o from_o family_n rise_v village_n and_o from_o they_o city_n by_o this_o mean_n we_o see_v how_o man_n come_v to_o be_v proprietor_n both_o of_o land_n and_o good_n of_o which_o tacitus_n make_v observation_n among_o the_o ancient_a german_a custom_n caeteris_fw-la seruis_fw-la except_o those_o only_o employ_v about_o merchandise_n non_fw-la in_fw-la nostrum_fw-la morem_fw-la descriptis_fw-la perfamiliam_fw-la ministeriis_fw-la utuntur_fw-la svam_fw-la cuique_fw-la sedem_fw-la suos_fw-la penates_fw-la regit_fw-la frumenti_fw-la modum_fw-la dominus_fw-la aut_fw-la pecoris_fw-la aut_fw-la vestis_fw-la ut_fw-la colono_fw-la injungit_fw-la &_o servus_n hactenus_fw-la patet_fw-la here_o be_v their_o ancient_a manner_n of_o live_v their_o ancient_a manner_n of_o reserve_v rent_n not_o unlike_o those_o which_o i_o have_v meet_v with_o in_o scotland_n and_o believe_v be_v in_o
practice_n in_o all_o such_o place_n where_o pecus_fw-la be_v in_o great_a abundance_n than_o pecunia_n and_o for_o the_o antiquity_n of_o partition_n of_o land_n we_o shall_v find_v a_o example_n thereof_o in_o the_o holy_a scripture_n where_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o that_o the_o community_n of_o the_o law_n and_o the_o knowledge_n of_o it_o be_v both_o take_v for_o grant_v this_o be_v a_o case_n of_o law_n resolve_v upon_o a_o question_n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o 21_o chapter_n of_o deuteronomy_n verse_n 7._o where_o though_o the_o case_n be_v in_o bigamy_n yet_o there_o we_o find_v a_o order_n of_o partition_n which_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v even_o nolenti_fw-la patre_fw-la if_o a_o man_n have_v two_o wife_n say_v the_o text_n one_o belove_v and_o another_o hate_a and_o they_o have_v bear_v he_o child_n both_o the_o belove_a and_o the_o hate_a and_o if_o the_o first-born_a son_n be_v she_o that_o be_v hate_v than_o it_o shall_v be_v when_o he_o make_v his_o son_n to_o inherit_v that_o which_o he_o have_v that_o he_o may_v not_o make_v the_o son_n of_o the_o belove_a first-born_a before_o the_o son_n of_o the_o hate_a which_o be_v indeed_o the_o first-born_a but_o he_o shall_v acknowledge_v the_o son_n of_o the_o hate_a for_o the_o first-born_a by_o give_v he_o a_o double_a portion_n of_o all_o that_o be_v find_v with_o he_o for_o he_o be_v the_o begin_n of_o his_o strength_n the_o right_a of_o the_o first-born_a be_v he_o this_o law_n provide_v that_o the_o eldestson_n notwithstanding_o the_o father_n hatred_n shall_v have_v his_o right_n in_o all_o whereof_o the_o father_n be_v possess_v according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o right_n which_o be_v thus_o in_o case_n a_o man_n have_v five_o son_n the_o father_n possession_n be_v divide_v into_o six_o part_n and_o the_o elder_a have_v by_o right_a two_o of_o those_o part_n by_o this_o we_o may_v observe_v the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o partition_n of_o land_n and_o good_n constitute_v even_o among_o those_o people_n to_o who_o god_n himself_o be_v legislator_n and_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o it_o be_v at_o the_o first_o plantation_n of_o the_o land_n of_o canaan_n where_o to_o i_o it_o seem_v that_o this_o law_n glance_v at_o the_o fundamental_a of_o divide_v bind_v up_o the_o father_n to_o do_v this_o rectify_v justice_n to_o his_o son_n get_v of_o the_o woman_n hate_v traxit_fw-la hate_v which_o law_n as_o mr._n selden_n illustrate_v it_o may_v seem_v to_o be_v ground_v upon_o the_o practice_n of_o noah_n noachus_n &_o tres_fw-la silij_fw-la ejus_fw-la semus_n chamus_n &_o laphetus_n qui_fw-la velut_fw-la adae_fw-la in_fw-la generis_fw-la humaai_fw-la post_fw-la diluvium_fw-la instaurationem_fw-la personam_fw-la jam_fw-la simul_fw-la induerant_fw-la domini_fw-la pro_fw-la indiviso_fw-la rerum_fw-la omnium_fw-la sacti_fw-la sunt_fw-la formula_fw-la donationt_n est_fw-la genes_n cap._n 9.2_o crescite_fw-la &_o multiplicamini_fw-la &_o replete_a terram_fw-la pavor_n vester_fw-ge &_o tremor_n vester_fw-ge erit_fw-la super_fw-la omne_fw-la animal_n terrae_fw-la &_o super_fw-la cunctum_fw-la volatile_a coeli_fw-la etc._n etc._n et_fw-la scimus_fw-la ex_fw-la sacris_fw-la literis_fw-la tellurem_fw-la à _fw-la noachid_n be_v seculis_fw-la aliquot_fw-la post_fw-la diluvium_fw-la esse_fw-la divisam_fw-la a_o japeto_n &_o filiis_fw-la ejus_fw-la divisae_fw-la sunt_fw-la insulae_fw-la gentium_fw-la in_o terris_fw-la suis_fw-la unusquisque_fw-la juxta_fw-la linguam_fw-la svam_fw-la &_o juxta_fw-la familias_fw-la svas_fw-la in_o nationibus_fw-la suis_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o genes_n 10.25_o &_o 3._o ait_fw-fr moses_n scilicet_fw-la à _fw-la tanai_n fluvio_fw-la usque_fw-la in_o mare_fw-la atlanticum_n sâu_fw-la per_fw-la magnam_fw-la asiae_n occidentalis_fw-la quae_fw-la in_o septentrionem_fw-la vergit_fw-la partem_fw-la praeter_fw-la totam_fw-la europam_fw-la limitibus_fw-la juxta_fw-la familiaruâ_n rumerum_fw-la designatis_fw-la sedes_fw-la ut_fw-la domini_fw-la privati_fw-la accipere_fw-la quemadmodum_fw-la chamus_n posterique_a ejus_fw-la non_fw-la dissimili_fw-la modo_fw-la quod_fw-la austro_n &_o africo_fw-la expofitum_fw-la est_fw-la &_o semus_n plagas_fw-la orientales_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la indiam_fw-la invaluit_fw-la etiam_fw-la traditio_fw-la ipsum_fw-la noachum_fw-la perinde_v ac_fw-la si_fw-la totius_fw-la dominus_fw-la in_o solidum_fw-la aut_fw-la arbiter_n per_fw-la comoromissum_fw-la suisset_fw-la distributionis_fw-la huius_fw-la sââl_fw-la privati_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la dominii_fw-la post_fw-la diluvium_fw-la instaurationis_fw-la autorem_fw-la suisse_fw-la idque_fw-la ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d juxta_fw-la oraculnm_fw-la divinitus_fw-la acceptum_fw-la eamque_fw-la anno_fw-la aetatis_fw-la sva_fw-la 930._o qui_fw-la à _fw-la diluvio_fw-la erat_fw-la 330._o &_o ante_fw-la obitum_fw-la ejus_fw-la vigesimus_fw-la testamento_fw-la firmâsse_fw-la atque_fw-la moribundum_fw-la illud_fw-la in_o semi_a silii_fw-la primogeniti_fw-la maâus_fw-la tradidisse_fw-la cunctosque_fw-la simul_fw-la monuisse_fw-la nequis_fw-la corum_fw-la fratris_fw-la fine_n invaderet_fw-la nec_fw-la injuriâ_fw-la alter_fw-la alterum_fw-la afficeret_fw-la quoniam_fw-la inde_fw-la ut_fw-la discordiarum_fw-la atque_fw-la bellorum_fw-la intestinorum_fw-la causa_fw-la oriretur_fw-la foret_fw-la necessum_fw-la selden_n mare_fw-la clausum_fw-la lib._n 1._o cap._n 4._o to_o which_o i_o think_v fit_a to_o subjoin_v what_o he_o write_v in_o the_o same_o book_n cap._n 8._o how_o this_o partition_n be_v mystical_o in_o the_o mist_n of_o their_o invention_n observe_v by_o the_o heathen_a vera_fw-la sunt_fw-la quae_fw-la loquuntur_fw-la poetae_fw-la ut_fw-la rect_n è_fw-mi lactantius_n sed_fw-la obtentu_fw-la aliquo_fw-la specieque_fw-la velata_fw-la et_fw-la sic_fw-la veritatem_fw-la mendacio_fw-la velaverunt_fw-la ut_fw-la veritas_fw-la ipsa_fw-la persuasioni_fw-la publicae_fw-la nihil_fw-la derogaret_fw-la fabuloso_n quod_fw-la diximus_fw-la tempore_fw-la devictis_fw-la scribunt_fw-la titanibus_fw-la sort_n mundum_fw-la divisisse_fw-la deos_fw-la fratres_fw-la jupiter_fw-la pluronem_fw-la neptunum_n jovi_fw-la coelum_fw-la plutoni_fw-la inferna_fw-la neptuno_n mare_fw-la cessisse_fw-la rejectis_fw-la autem_fw-la augis_fw-la illis_fw-la de_fw-la sydereo_fw-la heic_fw-la coelo_fw-la seu_fw-la aethere_fw-la de_fw-la infernorum_fw-la seu_fw-la mortuorum_fw-la regno_fw-la &_o demum_fw-la de_fw-la terra_fw-la tota_fw-la fratrum_fw-la omnium_fw-la post_fw-la divisionem_fw-la communi_fw-la quibus_fw-la patient_fw-la sibi_fw-la imponi_fw-la vulgus_fw-la sinebat_fw-la res_fw-la ipsâ_fw-la quam_fw-la in_o larvatâ_fw-la hâc_fw-la historiâ_fw-la latere_fw-la veterum_fw-la aliquot_fw-la docuere_fw-la alia_fw-la omnine_a erat_fw-la non_fw-la deos_fw-la hosce_fw-la sed_fw-la homines_fw-la fuisse_fw-la asserunt_fw-la nec_fw-la coeli_fw-la sed_fw-la plagae_fw-la orientalis_fw-la ex_fw-la qua_fw-la mortalibus_fw-la lux_fw-la datur_fw-la unde_fw-la &_o superior_a visa_fw-la est_fw-la ideoque_fw-la coelum_fw-la dictum_fw-la jupiter_fw-la regem_fw-la fuisse_fw-la plutonem_fw-la autem_fw-la accidentis_fw-la quae_fw-la solis_fw-la recessum_fw-la noctemque_fw-la âstendit_fw-la unde_fw-la inferior_a ea_fw-la dicta_fw-la &_o inferna_fw-la maris_fw-la denique_fw-la &_o interjectarum_fw-la insularum_fw-la dominum_fw-la fuisse_fw-la neptunum_n è_fw-la lactantio_n porra_fw-la scribit_fw-la jupiter_n neptuno_n imperium_fw-la that_fw-mi maris_fw-la ut_fw-la insulis_fw-la emnibus_fw-la &_o quae_fw-la loca_fw-la essent_fw-la secus_fw-la mare_fw-la omnibus_fw-la regnaret_fw-la johannis_n gryphiander_n de_fw-fr insulis_fw-la cap._n 31._o s._n 75._o de_fw-la tribus_fw-la noachi_n filiis_fw-la rem_fw-la totam_fw-la de_fw-la tribus_fw-la diis_fw-la narratam_fw-la fidentèr_fw-la capiat_fw-la verba_fw-la ejus_fw-la sunt_fw-la id_fw-la âroculdubio_fw-it ex_fw-la partitione_n terrarum_fw-la inter_fw-la tres_fw-la filios_fw-la noachi_n ex_fw-la quibus_fw-la japheto_fw-la insulae_fw-la obvenerunt_fw-la causam_fw-la traxit_fw-la sir_n henry_n spelman_n in_o verb._n gaveletum_n think_v gavelkind_a to_o be_v of_o a_o sà xon_a original_a affirm_v it_o to_o be_v bring_v out_o of_o germany_n and_o describe_v the_o tenure_n of_o it_o very_o just_o qua_fw-la omnes_fw-la silij_fw-la ex_fw-la aequis_fw-la portionibus_fw-la patris_fw-la adeunt_fw-la hereditatem_fw-la and_o out_o of_o tacitus_n prove_v it_o to_o be_v mos_fw-la vetus_fw-la germaniae_fw-la out_o of_o who_o i_o shall_v add_v by_o way_n of_o explanation_n what_o he_o in_o his_o tract_n de_fw-la moribus_fw-la germanorum_n say_v haeredes_fw-la tamen_fw-la successoresque_fw-la svi_fw-la cuique_fw-la liberi_fw-la &_o nullum_fw-la test_n amentum_fw-la si_fw-la liberi_fw-la non_fw-la sunt_fw-la proximus_fw-la gradus_fw-la in_o possessione_n fratres_fw-la patrui_fw-la avunculi_fw-la this_o proximus_fw-la gradus_fw-la argue_v precise_o for_o this_o ancient_a usage_n although_o it_o have_v not_o be_v set_v down_o to_o be_v mos_fw-la vetus_fw-la germaniae_fw-la and_o deduce_v from_o these_o ancient_a time_n we_o find_v it_o also_o to_o this_o day_n even_o in_o regno_fw-la adeundo_fw-la among_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n which_o be_v once_o very_o witty_o evict_v by_o a_o merry_a gentleman_n or_o as_o some_o say_v the_o duke_n jester_n who_o perceive_v after_o the_o death_n of_o one_o of_o the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n the_o brethren_n participant_n claim_v according_o to_o custom_n their_o apportionment_n and_o division_n in_o the_o dukedom_n with_o the_o elder_a brother_n involve_v into_o high_a discontent_n and_o the_o council_n of_o the_o nobility_n at_o a_o stand_v what_o course_n to_o take_v for_o a_o reconciliation_n of_o they_o about_o the_o part_n of_o the_o demesn_n of_o the_o decease_a duke_n this_o man_n come_v in_o and_o borrow_v of_o the_o young_a duke_n
the_o vaughan_n of_o brechnock-shire_n and_o many_o other_o gentleman_n who_o be_v term_v tylwyth_n voreiddig_n 1._o gwgan_n ap_fw-mi blethin_n 2._o cadivor_fw-la ap_fw-mi blethin_n gryff_fw-mi gwyr_n from_o who_o the_o family_n of_o brechn_n glamorg_n and_o carmatthenshires_n come_v call_v tylwyth_n howel-melyn_n that_o be_v howel-melyns_a posterity_n owen_n gethyn_n from_o who_o many_o gentleman_n in_o brechnock-shire_n be_v descend_v call_v tylwyth_n owen_n gethyn_n that_o be_v the_o posterity_n or_o tribe_n of_o owen_n gethin_n here_o you_o see_v this_o bard_n have_v not_o only_o vouchsafe_v unto_o we_o the_o tylwyth_n arise_v out_o of_o this_o short_a pedigree_n but_o also_o the_o very_a meaning_n of_o the_o word_n in_o the_o english_a thus_o be_v their_o memorial_n preserve_v by_o they_o who_o the_o better_a to_o infix_v they_o and_o also_o for_o a_o great_a stimulum_fw-la to_o heroic_a action_n in_o their_o song_n deduce_v from_o age_n to_o age_n deliver_v to_o they_o from_o their_o predecessor_n do_v celebrate_v the_o praise_n of_o their_o worthy_a man_n which_o custom_n in_o some_o place_n they_o yet_o retain_v and_o of_o so_o great_a account_n be_v these_o bard_n that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o howel-dha_a a_o honourable_a provision_n be_v make_v for_o the_o chief_a of_o they_o in_o the_o court_n who_o be_v to_o reside_v near_o the_o person_n of_o the_o prince_n and_o of_o so_o great_a repute_n be_v this_o place_n or_o office_n that_o to_o the_o dignity_n be_v annex_v a_o particular_a refugium_fw-la the_o use_n of_o these_o tylwyth_n be_v to_o show_v not_o only_o the_o original_n of_o family_n as_o if_o their_o work_n have_v be_v mere_o to_o run_v over_o a_o pedigree_n but_o the_o several_a distinction_n and_o distance_n of_o birth_n that_o in_o case_n any_o line_n shall_v make_v a_o failer_z the_o next_o in_o degree_n which_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o german_a proximus_fw-la gradus_fw-la may_v make_v a_o unconfounded_a use_n of_o their_o interest_n according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o partition_n by_o their_o gavel_n i_o tell_v you_o before_o how_o in_o all_o their_o pedigree_n there_o be_v a_o preference_n of_o primogeniture_n which_o be_v only_o in_o honour_n and_o respect_n and_o not_o in_o unequal_a division_n of_o the_o patrimony_n for_o in_o these_o the_o better_a to_o carry_v a_o light_n use_v lustre_n they_o point_v at_o the_o penennedl_n of_o each_o family_n who_o as_o the_o prince_n of_o their_o tribe_n and_o kindred_n be_v always_o have_v in_o much_o honour_n and_o reverence_n among_o they_o which_o respect_n be_v like_a that_o wherewith_o the_o jew_n do_v honour_v their_o chief_n mention_v they_o with_o that_o title_n of_o respect_n in_o call_v they_o sometime_o head_n of_o their_o father_n house_n other-while_n chief_a man_n and_o in_o other_o place_n of_o scripture_n they_o be_v make_v know_v by_o this_o account_n viz._n by_o their_o generation_n after_o the_o house_n of_o their_o father_n and_o in_o this_o form_n do_v they_o enrol_v their_o band_n of_o soldier_n for_o the_o war_n for_o it_o be_v write_v in_o the_o chronicle_n chapter_n 1_o chron_n 7._o and_o 8_o chapter_n that_o david_n assemble_v all_o the_o prince_n of_o israel_n the_o prince_n of_o the_o tribe_n etc._n etc._n unto_o jerusalem_n 25.44_o numb_a 25.44_o in_o like_a manner_n it_o be_v record_v in_o number_n that_o the_o name_n of_o the_o israelite_n that_o be_v slay_v be_v zimti_n the_o son_n of_o salu_n a_o prince_n of_o a_o chief_a house_n among_o the_o simeonites_n and_o in_o the_o follow_a verse_n it_o be_v remember_v that_o the_o name_n of_o the_o midianitish_a woman_n that_o be_v slay_v be_v cozbi_n the_o daughter_n of_o zur_n he_o be_v head_n of_o a_o people_n and_o of_o a_o chief_a house_n in_o midian_a where_o this_o order_n of_o partition_n be_v in_o force_n there_o be_v it_o most_o necessary_a that_o genealogy_n shall_v be_v most_o exact_o keep_v and_o by_o the_o moysaicall_a law_n so_o great_a care_n be_v take_v in_o this_o point_n that_o the_o tribe_n be_v not_o permit_v to_o have_v mixtion_n together_o by_o intermarriage_n and_o although_o in_o many_o of_o the_o highland_n of_o scotland_n they_o have_v lose_v this_o tenure_n yet_o have_v they_o with_o much_o affection_n retain_v their_o respect_n to_o the_o head_n of_o their_o clan_n call_v they_o their_o chief_n to_o who_o in_o former_a time_n they_o give_v more_o respect_n and_o be_v with_o more_o obedience_n command_v than_o by_o their_o prince_n the_o pedigree_n before_o recite_v i_o tell_v you_o i_o give_v to_o show_v their_o manner_n of_o record_v their_o family_n of_o gentry_n distinguish_v from_o their_o pen-cennedl_a i_o have_v another_o that_o ââows_v how_o tenacious_o their_o gavel_n be_v in_o force_n among_o they_o even_o in_o regno_fw-la adâunâo_fw-la and_o how_o by_o it_o in_o process_n of_o time_n that_o principality_n come_v to_o great_a loss_n and_o destruction_n roderick_n the_o great_a be_v prince_n of_o all_o wales_n have_v three_o son_n among_o who_o he_o divide_v his_o territory_n which_o three_o son_n be_v call_v y_o tri_n twysoc_n talaethioc_n that_o be_v the_o three_o crown_a prince_n because_o every_o one_o of_o they_o do_v wear_v upon_o his_o bonnet_n or_o helmet_n a_o coronet_n of_o gold_n be_v a_o broad_a lace_n or_o hatband_n indent_v upward_o set_v and_o wrought_v with_o precious_a stone_n which_o in_o the_o british_a be_v call_v talaeth_n by_o which_o name_n the_o nurse_n do_v call_v the_o head-band_n wherewith_o a_o child_n head_n be_v bind_v uppermost_a at_o this_o time_n as_o doctor_n powel_n have_v critical_o observe_v but_o that_o it_o may_v be_v the_o more_o plain_a and_o perspicuous_a take_v it_o genealogistical_o thus_o roderick_n surname_v the_o great_a prince_n of_o wales_n 1._o mervyn_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n 2._o cadelh_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n howel-dha_a in_o who_o the_o territory_n of_o north-wales_n and_o south-wales_n be_v unite_v and_o be_v the_o second_o legislator_n of_o the_o britan_n an._n christi_fw-la 942._o 3._o anarawd_n prince_n of_o powis_n after_o several_a succession_n which_o i_o purposely_o omit_v to_o save_v the_o labour_n of_o needless_o lengthen_v the_o line_n there_o from_o he_o proceed_v one_o convyn-blethin_a ap_fw-mi convyn_n who_o be_v prince_n of_o powis-land_n divide_v it_o to_o his_o two_o son_n 1._o meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethin_n who_o divide_v his_o apartment_n of_o powis-land_n betwixt_o his_o two_o son_n 1._o madoc_n who_o have_v upon_o the_o division_n that_o part_n that_o be_v call_v powys-uadoc_a or_o madoc_n his_o powis_n he_o die_v anno_fw-la d._n 1160._o at_o winchester_n and_o be_v call_v the_o prince_n of_o powy_n he_o be_v a_o true_a friend_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n susanua_n daughter_n of_o gruffyth_n ap_fw-mi conan_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n 2._o gruffyth_o prince_n of_o powy_n have_v another_o share_n of_o powy_n land_n 1._o gruffith_n maelor_n have_v for_o his_o share_n bromefield_n yale_n hopedale_n chirk_n etc._n etc._n 2._o owen_n vachan_n have_v mechain-iscoid_a etc._n etc._n 2._o cadogan_n ap_fw-mi blethin_n 1_o owyn_n brogynton_n a_o base_a son_n of_o madoc_n ap_fw-mi blethin_n have_v dynmael_n and_o edeirneon_n and_o doctor_n powel_n in_o his_o additament_n to_o the_o cambrian_a history_n in_o those_o i_o mean_v that_o he_o have_v set_v betwixt_o the_o year_n 808._o and_o 810._o give_v a_o full_a discourse_n of_o the_o primitive_a use_n of_o this_o tenure_n and_o also_o of_o the_o modern_a abuse_n thereof_o for_o upon_o those_o great_a feud_n that_o arise_v betwixt_o the_o descendant_n of_o conan_n tindaethwy_n upon_o this_o account_n of_o partition_n he_o write_v thus_o here_o i_o think_v fit_a to_o say_v somewhat_o of_o the_o custom_n and_o tenure_n of_o wales_n whereof_o this_o mischief_n grow_v viz._n the_o feud_n betwixt_o brethren_n the_o rend_v the_o government_n in_o piece_n etc._n etc._n that_o be_v the_o division_n of_o the_o father_n inheritance_n among_o all_o the_o son_n common_o call_v gavelkind_n gavel_n be_v a_o british_a term_n signify_v a_o hold_n because_o every_o one_o of_o the_o son_n do_v hold_v some_o portion_n of_o his_o father_n land_n as_o his_o lawful_a son_n and_o successor_n this_o be_v the_o cause_n not_o only_o of_o the_o overthrow_n of_o all_o the_o ancient_a nobility_n in_o wales_n for_o by_o that_o mean_n the_o inheritance_n be_v continual_o divide_v and_o subdivide_v among_o the_o child_n and_o the_o child_n child_n etc._n etc._n be_v at_o length_n bring_v to_o nothing_o but_o also_o of_o much_o bloodshed_n and_o unnatural_a strife_n and_o contention_n among_o brethren_n aâ_n we_o have_v here_o a_o example_n viz._n the_o history_n of_o the_o descendant_n of_o conan_n tindaethwy_n and_o many_o other_o in_o this_o history_n he_o mean_v in_o lancarvan_n british_a history_n nation_n history_n i_o can_v wish_v that_o those_o renown_a english_a plantation_n in_o america_n will_v examine_v of_o what_o avail_n
this_o in_o probability_n and_o policy_n may_v be_v to_o they_o and_o in_o particular_a to_o the_o most_o famous_a plantation_n of_o virginia_n the_o most_o fertile_a and_o most_o consonant_a to_o english_a body_n of_o any_o whatsoever_o and_o will_v âove_v of_o great_a use_n in_o time_n to_o the_o english_a nation_n this_o kind_n of_o partition_n dr._n powel_n add_v be_v very_o good_a to_o plant_v and_o settle_v any_o nation_n in_o a_o large_a country_n not_z inhabit_a but_o in_o a_o populous_a country_n already_o furnish_v with_o inhabitant_n it_o be_v the_o very_a decay_n of_o great_a family_n and_o as_o i_o say_v before_o the_o cause_n of_o strife_n and_o debate_n the_o read_n of_o this_o passage_n be_v it_o which_o many_o year_n since_o first_o set_v my_o thought_n at_o enmity_n with_o the_o saxon_a parentage_n of_o gavelkind_n i_o mean_v that_o of_o gip-eal-cynne_a give_v all_o kin_n this_o it_o be_v that_o give_v i_o not_o only_o some_o example_n of_o the_o use_n of_o it_o among_o the_o welsh_a but_o also_o a_o interpretation_n of_o half_a the_o name_n for_o i_o find_v the_o doctor_n himself_o in_o these_o additament_n to_o this_o welsh_a history_n even_o in_o this_o passage_n i_o have_v make_v use_n of_o startle_v at_o the_o latter_a part_n of_o the_o composition_n for_o he_o have_v write_v kind_a in_o small_a different_a letter_n whereas_o gavel_n be_v write_v in_o great_a but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o pedigree_n by_o which_o you_o plain_o perceive_v the_o use_n and_o the_o effect_n of_o this_o british_a gavel_n and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o the_o partition_n as_o to_o descent_n also_o to_o the_o legitimate_a child_n for_o the_o continuator_fw-la of_o lancarvan_n history_n have_v this_o note_n upon_o owen_n brogynton_n viz._n his_o have_v such_o a_o apportionment_n of_o his_o father_n land_n be_v a_o bastard_n that_o base_a son_n be_v not_o base_o esteem_v but_o with_o the_o other_o have_v part_n of_o their_o father_n inheritance_n and_o so_o have_v other_o through_o wales_n especial_o if_o they_o be_v stout_a and_o of_o noble_a courage_n i_o confess_v this_o passage_n do_v at_o first_o stumble_v i_o with_o some_o other_o of_o the_o like_a nature_n till_o serious_o observe_v and_o compare_v together_o the_o law_n of_o howel-dha_a i_o have_v as_o to_o the_o british_a history_n a_o great_a deal_n of_o light_n administer_v which_o inforce_v i_o from_o my_o incredulity_n to_o admire_v the_o observer_n or_o continuator_fw-la i_o gather_v from_o this_o law_n of_o howel-dha_a si_fw-la villanus_fw-la regis_fw-la filium_fw-la vel_fw-la optimatis_fw-la ex_fw-la licencia_fw-la regis_fw-la alendum_fw-la fusceperit_n filius_fw-la ille_fw-la particeps_fw-la erit_fw-la haereditatis_fw-la cum_fw-la filiis_fw-la villani_n post_fw-la mortem_fw-la ejus_fw-la that_o a_o bastard_n may_v as_o probable_o receive_v a_o part_n in_o his_o father_n estate_n by_o law_n as_o that_o a_o foster-child_n shall_v have_v a_o right_n to_o a_o division_n of_o his_o foster-father_n land_n but_o in_o these_o you_o see_v by_o what_o mean_v the_o prinoipality_n of_o wales_n crumble_v to_o nothing_o who_o give_v as_o much_o opportunity_n to_o the_o saxon_n and_o norman_n by_o this_o division_n to_o conquer_v they_o as_o by_o the_o like_a fraction_n their_o ancestor_n do_v give_v facility_n and_o occasion_n to_o the_o roman_n but_o to_o return_v to_o our_o purpose_n this_o last_o division_n of_o roderick_n the_o great_a mention_v in_o our_o discourse_n be_v say_v to_o be_v do_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o wales_n which_o be_v so_o then_o certain_o partition_n be_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o wales_n and_o this_o i_o further_o collect_v that_o it_o be_v not_o altogether_o the_o land_n which_o in_o former_a time_n be_v so_o much_o desire_v which_o i_o gather_v from_o that_o vast_a proportion_n of_o waste_a land_n at_o this_o day_n in_o that_o territory_n or_o be_v aequivalent_o consider_v with_o the_o cattle_n and_o stock_n wherewith_o that_o land_n be_v to_o be_v manage_v for_o those_o mulct_n and_o imposition_n of_o fine_n and_o amerciament_n mention_v in_o the_o law_n of_o howel-dha_a be_v very_o severe_a because_o than_o they_o be_v impose_v and_o do_v proceed_v from_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v their_o great_a riches_n and_o be_v not_o only_o in_o money_n but_o principal_o in_o cattle_n of_o all_o sort_n which_o be_v their_o stock_n and_o this_o lead_v i_o to_o examine_v whether_o and_o to_o show_v that_o chap._n 3._o neither_o the_o roman_n nor_o the_o saxon_n alter_v our_o ancient_a law_n of_o the_o ancient_a honour_n and_o use_v of_o the_o reguli_fw-la danelaege_n merkenlaege_n and_o westsaxonlaege_n what_o they_o be_v mr._n s._n say_v p._n 61._o for_o my_o part_n i_o conceive_v it_o viz._n gavelkind_a may_v carry_v a_o antiquity_n far_o great_a than_o the_o time_n of_o the_o norman_a conquest_n etc._n etc._n if_o this_o be_v concede_v i_o shall_v then_o go_v a_o little_a further_o with_o my_o conception_n in_o this_o point_n and_o labour_n to_o make_v it_o probable_a that_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o britain_n be_v not_o alter_v at_o least_o so_o much_o as_o by_o the_o general_a current_n of_o writter_n be_v common_o receive_v by_o either_o the_o conquest_n of_o the_o roman_n or_o saxon_n not_o that_o i_o deny_v but_o that_o each_o of_o they_o make_v some_o sort_n of_o impression_n upon_o they_o in_o relation_n to_o their_o manner_n law_n and_o custom_n though_o the_o main_a body_n of_o they_o stand_v firm_a and_o unshaken_a and_o first_o for_o the_o roman_n who_o in_o those_o time_n be_v much_o disease_a with_o that_o itch_n of_o conquest_n and_o too_o too_o great_a a_o desire_n of_o glory_n by_o it_o be_v carry_v out_o sometime_o to_o attempt_v divers_a great_a thing_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o fame_n that_o be_v even_o unprofitable_a yet_o be_v it_o not_o their_o manner_n or_o custom_n when_o they_o subdue_v any_o country_n to_o alter_v the_o custom_n or_o law_n thereof_o but_o rather_o to_o settle_v the_o conquer_a upon_o a_o foundation_n of_o enjoy_v their_o liberty_n only_o be_v subject_n to_o the_o title_n of_o conquest_n so_o be_v it_o in_o jury_n with_o the_o jew_n to_o who_o in_o holy_a writ_n you_o find_v allow_v many_o thing_n according_a to_o their_o custom_n both_o in_o permit_v of_o the_o ceremony_n of_o their_o religion_n and_o also_o in_o judicial_a affair_n in_o the_o like_a manner_n deal_v they_o with_o some_o of_o the_o grecian_a commonwealth_n the_o roman_a conqueror_n show_v to_o one_o of_o they_o a_o better_a division_n of_o their_o country_n in_o relation_n to_o the_o more_o orderly_a existency_n of_o their_o republic_n than_o ever_o they_o themselves_o have_v before_o take_v notice_n of_o and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o tell_v they_o be_v at_o that_o time_n assemble_v and_o expect_v some_o severe_a doom_n that_o if_o they_o will_v proceed_v in_o their_o ancient_a way_n of_o government_n they_o shall_v have_v their_o liberty_n 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britain_n have_v most_o part_n of_o their_o civility_n in_o the_o use_n of_o habit_n manner_n of_o warring_n building_n bath_n etc._n etc._n yet_o can_v i_o not_o collect_v any_o innovation_n as_o to_o their_o law_n and_o can_v bold_o affirm_v that_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o these_o alteration_n as_o we_o have_v the_o term_n of_o art_n and_o appellation_n of_o thing_n from_o they_o so_o again_o the_o britain_n leave_v some_o relic_n of_o their_o language_n among_o the_o roman_n for_o what_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o island_n have_v that_o to_o the_o roman_n be_v repute_v rarity_n to_o they_o do_v they_o accept_v of_o british_a appellation_n smooth_v they_o into_o their_o own_o idiom_n the_o britain_n at_o that_o time_n be_v famous_a for_o their_o art_n in_o contexture_n of_o basket_n be_v thing_n very_o much_o by_o the_o roman_n desire_v who_o hear_v the_o britain_n call_v they_o in_o their_o language_n
grand_a revolution_n after_o some_o time_n that_o the_o roman_n have_v bereave_v britain_n of_o those_o of_o her_o youth_n that_o have_v be_v traââed_v up_o in_o military_a discipline_n which_o shall_v have_v be_v the_o strength_n of_o her_o wall_n and_o force_v of_o her_o fortress_n and_o have_v by_o reason_n of_o those_o great_a and_o dangerous_a diversion_n into_o other_o land_n leave_v this_o island_n naked_a and_o so_o consequent_o to_o shift_v for_o itself_o there_o be_v some_o time_n pass_v in_o confusion_n rather_o than_o in_o government_n in_o usurpation_n rather_o than_o settlement_n some_o one_o or_o other_o here_o invest_v themselves_o with_o a_o imperial_a robe_n till_o at_o last_o by_o these_o troublesome_a mean_n the_o government_n hereof_o return_v into_o a_o monarchy_n though_o through_o many_o sad_a and_o dangerous_a convulsion_n as_o we_o may_v gather_v out_o of_o the_o lamentation_n of_o gildas_n but_o on_o the_o person_n of_o vortiger_n devolve_v at_o last_o we_o find_v it_o in_o who_o reign_n the_o pict_n like_o a_o impetuous_a inundation_n break_v in_o upon_o the_o northern_a part_n and_o notwithstanding_o that_o wonderful_a relic_n of_o the_o indefatigable_a labour_n and_o cost_v of_o the_o roman_n in_o that_o wall_n which_o reach_v from_o sea_n to_o sea_n yet_o through_o it_o they_o pass_v destroy_v and_o impoverish_v all_o the_o britain_n unable_a to_o confront_v they_o have_v lose_v their_o soldiery_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o they_o so_o effeminate_a 443._o circa_n ann._n salutis_fw-la humanae_fw-la 443._o that_o they_o dare_v not_o try_v their_o power_n against_o they_o and_o have_v ineffectual_o hazard_v and_o give_v up_o their_o life_n and_o long_o in_o vain_a implore_a help_n and_o assistance_n from_o aetius_n the_o consul_n as_o he_o be_v term_v by_o our_o writer_n who_o be_v a_o roman_a general_n in_o africa_n together_o with_o one_o bonifacius_n of_o both_o which_o 4._o which_o hist_o bel._n vand._n l._n 1._o c._n 4._o procopius_n write_v that_o they_o be_v valiant_a and_o expert_a soldier_n inferior_a to_o none_o of_o their_o time_n be_v man_n so_o high_a in_o worth_n and_o spirit_n that_o he_o shall_v not_o err_v that_o call_v they_o the_o last_o of_o the_o roman_n when_o the_o britain_n petition_v his_o assistance_n it_o be_v at_o that_o time_n i_o believe_v that_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o the_o empress_n âââidia_fw-la he_o be_v revoke_v from_o his_o command_n in_o africa_n but_o from_o he_o they_o gain_v nothing_o so_o that_o at_o the_o last_o vortiger_n engage_v to_o their_o aid_n certain_a 9_o certain_a this_o mr._n selden_n have_v also_o collect_v by_o his_o observation_n tantundum_n say_v he_o sane_fw-la innuere_fw-la visus_fw-la est_fw-la antiquus_fw-la scriptor_n ethelwerdus_n de_fw-fr corum_fw-la advensu_fw-la verba_fw-la faciens_fw-la illis_fw-la diebus_fw-la inquit_fw-la agilem_fw-la au_fw-fr herunt_fw-la britanni_n esse_fw-la in_o piratico_fw-la genere_fw-la gentem_fw-la saxonum_n in_fw-la tota_fw-la maritima_n à _fw-la rheno_fw-la fluvio_fw-la usque_fw-la in_o doniam_fw-la urbem_fw-la quae_fw-la nunc_fw-la vulgò_fw-la danemarc_n nuncupatur_fw-la ac_fw-la in_o omni_fw-la armatura_fw-la robustam_fw-la his_fw-la igitur_fw-la immensa_fw-la per_fw-la nuncios_fw-la munera_fw-la mittunt_fw-la auxilia_fw-la petunt_fw-la societatem_fw-la pacis_fw-la promittunt_fw-la qui_fw-la antea_fw-la mare_fw-la britannicum_fw-la infestare_fw-la soliti_fw-la ad_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la tutamen_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la pacem_fw-la invitantur_fw-la mare_fw-la clau_n lib._n 2._o c._n 9_o saxon_n who_o have_v enure_v themselves_o to_o ryracy_n and_o be_v rover_n at_o sea_n under_o the_o command_n of_o two_o brethren_n hengist_n &_o horsus_n they_o with_o nine_o thousand_o saxon_n undertake_v the_o defence_n of_o the_o forementioned_a wall_n against_o the_o pict_n which_o they_o prosperous_o and_o successful_o perform_v the_o entertainment_n of_o these_o people_n who_o have_v will_n and_o by_o degree_n power_n to_o enforce_v and_o subject_v they_o be_v the_o first_o original_a of_o those_o disaster_n that_o afterward_o befall_v they_o but_o this_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v conceive_v to_o be_v do_v at_o this_o time_n with_o these_o nine_o thousand_o saxon_n for_o certain_o it_o be_v by_o other_o mean_n vortiger_n then_o king_n of_o the_o britain_n although_o by_o the_o common_a opinion_n of_o writer_n he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v bestow_v upon_o hengist_n the_o kingdom_n of_o kent_n by_o way_n of_o remuneration_n for_o his_o service_n yet_o can_v i_o credit_v that_o that_o circuit_n shall_v be_v erect_v into_o a_o distinct_a regal_a jurisdiction_n by_o the_o order_n of_o one_o that_o seem_v to_o be_v in_o possession_n of_o a_o entire_a regal_a authority_n over_o the_o great_a part_n of_o this_o island_n nor_o can_v i_o digest_v the_o notion_n of_o assign_v of_o susceperunt_fw-la ergò_fw-la qui_fw-la viz._n saxon_n advenerant_fw-la donantibus_fw-la britannis_fw-la ãâã_d habitationis_fw-la inter_fw-la eo_n ca_fw-mi conditione_n ut_fw-mi hi_o militarent_fw-la etc._n etc._n bed_n eccl._n hist_o l._n 1._o c._n 15._o they_o have_v land_n assign_v to_o they_o among_o they_o not_o the_o land_n and_o possession_n of_o the_o britain_n assign_v hengist_n his_o forcible_a usurpation_n of_o kent_n at_o this_o present_a as_o a_o kingdom_n for_o himself_o and_o his_o heir_n for_o the_o first_o we_o must_v consider_v hengist_n leave_v a_o very_a considerable_a number_n of_o his_o saxon_n to_o defend_v the_o wall_n against_o the_o pict_n and_o these_o must_v be_v out_o of_o his_o first_o number_n and_o how_o can_v we_o then_o rational_o imagine_v that_o he_o be_v able_a to_o retain_v with_o he_o such_o a_o considerable_a force_n as_o can_v probable_o take_v possession_n of_o this_o kingdom_n against_o the_o will_n or_o consent_n of_o the_o proprietor_n for_o i_o much_o question_n whether_o all_o his_o power_n conjoin_v with_o many_o more_o can_v in_o probability_n have_v be_v able_a to_o supplant_v so_o populous_a and_o so_o understand_v a_o people_n as_o caesar_n report_v they_o to_o be_v or_o that_o in_o any_o likelihood_n those_o inhabitant_n upon_o a_o contract_n or_o gift_n of_o vortiger_n to_o hengist_n will_v have_v so_o tame_o submit_v themselves_o to_o a_o everlasting_a exilement_n from_o their_o ancient_a seat_n and_o place_n of_o nativity_n or_o so_o easy_o have_v suffer_v the_o loss_n of_o they_o i_o very_o well_o understand_v that_o it_o may_v be_v strong_o object_v against_o i_o that_o these_o 9000_o saxon_n be_v able_a to_o effect_v that_o which_o the_o britaiâs_n can_v not_o will_v be_v able_a in_o probability_n to_o master_v this_o one_o county_n but_o in_o answer_n thereunto_o many_o particular_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v first_o that_o the_o saxon_n be_v not_o near_o that_o number_n they_o first_o bring_v in_o as_o i_o say_v before_o by_o take_v notice_n of_o a_o proportionable_a force_n probable_o leave_v to_o guard_v the_o wall_n reflect_v upon_o the_o quantity_n that_o wall_n will_v necessary_o require_v for_o its_o defence_n these_o pictish_a invasion_n be_v do_v at_o such_o time_n when_o the_o effeminate_a the_o bede_n report_v lib._n 1._o c._n 13_o 14._o of_o his_o ecclesiastical_a history_n that_o the_o britain_n be_v very_o sore_o afflict_v with_o a_o famine_n and_o enjoy_v sudden_o a_o great_a plenty_n fall_v to_o luxury_n and_o sloth_n and_o be_v so_o effeminate_a britain_n as_o gildas_n report_v they_o be_v in_o intestine_a feud_n among_o themselves_o by_o which_o it_o so_o fall_v out_o that_o they_o do_v not_o go_v joint_o to_o assist_v one_o another_o against_o this_o common_a enemy_n but_o by_o those_o quarrel_n leave_v those_o near_a to_o the_o confine_n unto_o their_o merciless_a cruelty_n and_o we_o find_v that_o when_o the_o saxon_n observe_v not_o their_o article_n afterward_o than_o the_o britain_n unite_a though_o too_o late_o and_o be_v so_o unite_v before_o that_o any_o saxon_a recruite_n be_v land_v in_o britain_n and_o those_o family_n under_o the_o provocation_n of_o expulsion_n probable_o will_v have_v free_o venture_v their_o life_n rather_o than_o be_v expose_v to_o penury_n and_o famine_n which_o be_v worse_a than_o death_n in_o vindication_n of_o their_o estate_n &_o livelihood_n and_o what_o can_v the_o saxon_a opposition_n do_v when_o in_o all_o probability_n they_o be_v enforce_v to_o separate_v to_o take_v possession_n of_o those_o land_n and_o if_o they_o in_o their_o separation_n have_v enjoy_v peace_n and_o quietness_n what_o can_v be_v imagine_v such_o a_o small_a number_n shall_v have_v do_v with_o so_o great_a a_o tract_n of_o land_n as_o that_o be_v certain_o they_o be_v not_o able_a to_o manure_v and_o cultivate_v it_o again_o if_o the_o britain_n have_v be_v expulse_v what_o become_v of_o they_o or_o where_o be_v they_o replant_v this_o will_v have_v receive_v as_o great_a a_o fuit_fw-la a_o or_o at_o least_o such_o a_o note_n as_o this_o action_n at_o this_o town_n receive_v from_o the_o saxon_a chronologist_n anno_fw-la christi_fw-la 490._o hic_fw-la ella_n &_o âissa_fw-la urbâculam_fw-la andredescester_n obsederunt_fw-la
coronatus_n est_fw-la in_o regem_fw-la de_fw-fr wight_n manu_fw-la regius_fw-la &_o paulo_fw-la post_fw-la quemadmodum_fw-la richardus_fw-la rex_fw-la secuadus_fw-la cum_fw-la robertum_fw-la comitem_fw-la oxoniae_fw-la qui_fw-la &_o marchiâ_n dubliniae_fw-la &_o dux_n hiberniae_fw-la fait_fw-fr regem_fw-la hiberniae_fw-la creare_fw-la destinarat_fw-la se_fw-la interea_fw-la insulam_fw-la illam_fw-la non_fw-la minore_fw-la quam_fw-la regis_fw-la tametsi_fw-la domini_fw-la nomen_fw-la tunc_fw-la uti_fw-la etiam_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la henrici_fw-la octavi_fw-la tempora_fw-la posteriora_fw-la regis_fw-la ibi_fw-la vicem_fw-la omnina_fw-la suppleret_fw-la titulo_fw-la ac_fw-la dignitate_fw-la possidere_fw-la proculdubio_fw-la non_fw-la dubitavit_fw-la by_o which_o custom_n bring_v down_o so_o near_o our_o age_n and_o deduce_v from_o the_o practice_n of_o ancient_a time_n it_o be_v no_o wonder_n that_o we_o find_v so_o many_o in_o several_a age_n dignify_v with_o that_o title_n either_o as_o a_o especial_a mark_n of_o honour_n or_o by_o the_o privilege_n of_o descent_n as_o the_o earl_n of_o derby_n at_o this_o present_a be_v with_o the_o title_n of_o king_n in_o man._n be_v a_o ancient_a custom_n among_o the_o britain_n and_o after_o they_o of_o the_o saxon_n to_o give_v the_o title_n of_o reguli_fw-la to_o all_o lord_n that_o have_v the_o charge_n and_o custody_n of_o ditch_n of_o from_o this_o it_o be_v that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o rich._n 2._o come_v up_o first_o the_o title_n of_o marquess_n which_o be_v a_o governor_n of_o the_o march_n for_o before_o time_n those_o that_o govern_v the_o march_n be_v call_v common_o lord_n marcher_n and_o not_o marquess_n as_o judge_v dodaridge_n have_v observe_v in_o his_o law_n of_o nobility_n and_o peerage_n under_o the_o title_n of_o marquess_n pag_n 31._o where_n in_o that_o chapter_n he_o also_o add_v this_o paragraph_n well_o worth_a the_o read_n after_o the_o norman_n have_v conquer_v this_o land_n it_o be_v careful_o observe_v by_o they_o as_o a_o matter_n of_o much_o moment_n and_o a_o point_n of_o special_a policy_n to_o place_n upon_o the_o confine_n and_o border_n of_o the_o britain_n or_o welsh_n etc._n etc._n not_o then_o subdue_v man_n of_o much_o valour_n not_o only_o sufficient_o able_a to_o encounter_v the_o inroad_n and_o invasion_n of_o the_o enemy_n but_o also_o willing_a to_o make_v onset_n of_o they_o and_o enlarge_v the_o conquest_n these_o man_n thus_o place_v be_v of_o high_a blood_n credit_n and_o countenance_n among_o their_o countryman_n the_o norman_n and_o in_o who_o faith_n and_o power_n the_o conquetor_n repose_v special_a confidence_n and_o trust_n and_o therefore_o in_o their_o territory_n give_v unto_o they_o to_o hold_v their_o tenor_n be_v devise_v to_o be_v very_o special_a and_o of_o great_a importance_n and_o their_o honour_n enrich_v with_o the_o name_n and_o privilege_n of_o earl_n of_o chester_n and_o for_o the_o north-border_n of_o wales_n create_v to_o be_v a_o county_n palatine_n and_o the_o baron_n of_o the_o middle_a port_n of_o the_o south_n march_n be_v adorn_v in_o a_o manner_n with_o a_o palatine_a jutisdiction_n have_v a_o court_n of_o chancery_n and_o writ_n only_o among_o themselves_o pleadable_a to_o the_o intent_n that_o their_o attendance_n may_v not_o thence_o be_v drive_v for_o the_o prosecution_n of_o controversy_n and_o quarrel_n in_o the_o law_n and_o as_o for_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o south_n march_n they_o seem_v sufficient_o fence_v with_o the_o river_n of_o severn_n and_o the_o sea_n my_o business_n have_v be_v to_o make_v it_o probable_a that_o these_o reguli_fw-la be_v lord_n of_o march_n and_o limit_n long_o before_o the_o norman_a conquest_n to_o which_o i_o refer_v you_o neither_o be_v those_o welsh_a limit_n fence_v by_o severn_n but_o for_o many_o hundred_o of_o year_n by_o offa_n his_o ditch_n march_n and_o limit_n the_o name_n of_o many_o honour_a with_o that_o title_n i_o can_v show_v especial_o such_o 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quatuor_fw-la erant_fw-la reguli_fw-la qui_fw-la cantio_fw-la praeerant_fw-la cingetorix_n carvilius_n taximagulus_n &_o segoâax_n upon_o
which_o mr._n campden_n make_v a_o jest_n say_v of_o caesar_n quos_fw-la ille_fw-la uâ_n reges_fw-la de_fw-la vicisse_fw-la videatur_fw-la reges_fw-la vocat_fw-la cum_fw-la tantum_fw-la regâli_fw-la fuerint_fw-la vel_fw-la melioris_fw-la no_z aenobiles_fw-la hence_o i_o collect_v that_o these_o reguli_fw-la be_v a_o constitution_n at_o least_o a_o custom_n ancient_o among_o the_o britain_n that_o guoronged_a be_v a_o regulus_n of_o kent_n and_o that_o vortiger_n do_v probable_o bestow_v no_o more_o upon_o hengist_n than_o the_o say_a honour_n or_o command_v of_o or_o rather_o in_o kent_n whether_o it_o be_v under_o the_o title_n of_o king_n count_z regulus_n or_o lieutenant_n it_o do_v not_o much_o matter_n for_o the_o breach_n which_o the_o saââons_n afterward_o make_v upon_o the_o britain_n be_v such_o as_o give_v they_o liberry_n to_o take_v to_o themselves_o what_o title_n and_o what_o of_o other_o man_n title_n it_o please_v they_o hengist_n have_v this_o dominion_n or_o 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office_n minsh_fw-mi bright_n from_o the_o british_a word_n birth_n which_o signify_v their_o waddecolour_n which_o be_v a_o lightblew_a minsh_fw-mi without_o the_o acceptation_n of_o the_o british_a prudence_n in_o sound_v of_o they_o from_o they_o it_o be_v that_o to_o this_o day_n the_o chief_a magistrate_n of_o a_o city_n be_v call_v meyr_n not_o derive_v from_o major_n great_a but_o from_o the_o british_a word_n miret_n which_o be_v custodire_fw-la to_o keep_v and_o preserve_v so_o edlin_n which_o mr._n summoner_n expound_v to_o signify_v nobilis_fw-la splendidus_fw-la inclytus_fw-la a_o word_n find_v also_o in_o the_o high_a and_o low_a dutch_a very_o familiar_o yet_o doctor_n davies_n tell_v we_o whence_o they_o borrow_v it_o and_o that_o it_o be_v derive_v from_o ed_n and_o llin_n which_o signify_v haeres_fw-la or_o linea_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o till_o i_o occasional_o meet_v with_o it_o in_o his_o laborious_a dictionary_n i_o confess_v myself_o to_o have_v be_v much_o trouble_v to_o have_v find_v it_o in_o the_o law_n of_o howel-dha_a where_o it_o
whereas_o there_o be_v no_o more_o in_o it_o than_o the_o plain_a acquisition_n or_o get_v of_o this_o realm_n of_o england_n after_o his_o pretence_n from_o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n be_v make_v know_v as_o in_o the_o follow_a tract_n appear_v by_o the_o constraint_n and_o force_n that_o harald_n put_v he_o unto_o to_o get_v his_o settlement_n by_o battle_n with_o he_o which_o word_n of_o conquest_n be_v to_o this_o day_n familiar_o use_v in_o scotland_n to_o signify_v land_n purchase_v and_o mr._n john_n skene_n say_v upon_o the_o word_n that_o conquestus_fw-la signify_v land_n quhilk_n any_o person_n acquiris_fw-la &_o possessis_fw-la privato_fw-la jure_fw-la vel_fw-la singulari_fw-la titulo_fw-la velâti_fw-la donatione_fw-la vel_fw-la singulari_fw-la aliquo_fw-la contractu_fw-la quhilk_n be_v conform_v to_o the_o civil_a law_n ubi_fw-la quae_fw-la stus_fw-la dicitur_fw-la lucrum_fw-la quod_fw-la ex_fw-la emptione_n venditione_n locatione_fw-la conductione_n vel_fw-la generaliter_fw-la ex_fw-la opera_fw-la cu_z jus_o descendit_fw-la l._n coiri_fw-la 7._o cum_fw-la seq_fw-la ff_n pro_fw-la socio_fw-la and_o further_o write_v of_o land_n so_o purchase_v conclude_v conquestus_fw-la dicitur_fw-la ratione_fw-la primi_fw-la conquestoris_fw-la &_o cum_fw-la transmittitur_fw-la ad_fw-la ejus_fw-la haeredem_fw-la exuit_fw-la naturam_fw-la conquestus_fw-la &_o induit_fw-la naturam_fw-la haereditatis_fw-la norman_a conquest_n concern_v which_o also_o we_o have_v so_o great_a a_o plenty_n of_o writer_n that_o they_o almost_o extinguish_v the_o truth_n with_o their_o comment_n and_o conceit_n all_o the_o alteration_n imaginable_a be_v father_v upon_o this_o revolution_n and_o sum_v up_o by_o mr._n samuel_n daniel_n in_o these_o word_n i_o come_v to_o write_v of_o a_o time_n mean_v this_o norman_a affair_n wherein_o the_o state_n of_o england_n receive_v a_o alteration_n of_o law_n custom_n fashion_n manner_n of_o live_v language_n write_v with_o new_a form_n of_o fight_v fortification_n building_n and_o general_o a_o innovation_n in_o most_o thing_n but_o religion_n i_o make_v choice_n of_o this_o paragraph_n of_o so_o elegant_a a_o author_n as_o mr._n daniel_n who_o have_v deserve_v very_o well_o from_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o learning_n for_o his_o ingenuous_a observation_n to_o examine_v the_o particular_n of_o this_o great_a mutation_n so_o general_o imagine_v which_o enumeration_n will_v also_o afford_v we_o the_o method_n of_o our_o discourse_n concern_v that_o which_o happen_v to_o the_o english_a at_o that_o time_n and_o first_o of_o all_o concern_v the_o alteration_n of_o our_o law_n which_o be_v the_o principal_a matter_n of_o our_o enquiry_n of_o which_o among_o many_o mr._n camden_n himself_o have_v thus_o write_v victor_n gulielmus_fw-la in_o victoriae_fw-la quasi_fw-la trophaeum_fw-la antiquatis_fw-la pro_fw-la maximâ_fw-la parte_fw-la anglorum_fw-la legibus_fw-la normanniae_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la induxit_fw-la causasque_fw-la gallicè_fw-la disceptari_fw-la jussit_fw-la yet_o present_o add_v propositis_fw-la igitur_fw-la legibus_fw-la anglicanis_fw-la merchenlage_n danelage_n &_o westsaxenlage_n quasdam_fw-la reprobavit_fw-la quasdam_fw-la autem_fw-la approbans_fw-la transmarinas_fw-la neustriae_fw-la leges_fw-la quae_fw-la ad_fw-la regni_fw-la pacem_fw-la tuendam_fw-la efficacissimae_fw-la videbantur_fw-la adjecit_fw-la but_o to_o evince_v this_o let_v we_o have_v recourse_n as_o near_o as_o we_o can_v to_o the_o author_n that_o be_v of_o that_o age_n and_o serious_o weigh_v what_o they_o deliver_v unto_o we_o concern_v this_o matter_n mr._n selden_n our_o of_o the_o litchfield_n chronicle_n cite_v also_o by_o my_o very_o much_o honour_a friend_n and_o incourager_n sir_n roger_n twysden_n introduce_v these_o word_n anno_fw-la gulielmus_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la quarto_fw-la apud_fw-la londonias_fw-la consilio_fw-la baronum_fw-la suorum_fw-la fecit_fw-la summoniri_fw-la per_fw-la universos_fw-la angliae_fw-la comitatus_fw-la omnes_fw-la nobiles_fw-la sapientes_fw-la &_o sva_fw-la lege_fw-la eruditos_fw-la ut_fw-la eorum_fw-la leges_fw-la &_o consuetudines_fw-la audiret_fw-la et_fw-la licet_fw-la idem_fw-la rex_fw-la willielmus_fw-la leges_fw-la northfolktae_fw-la &_o suffolkiae_fw-la grantbrigiae_fw-la &_o deirae_n ubi_fw-la quondam_a maxima_fw-la pars_fw-la danorum_fw-la &_o norwegiensium_fw-la inhabitabant_fw-la prius_fw-la magis_fw-la approbaverat_fw-la &_o eas_fw-la per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la observari_fw-la praeceperat_fw-la pro_fw-la eo_fw-la quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la antecessores_fw-la ejâs_fw-la &_o fere_n omnes_fw-la barones_n normanniae_fw-la norwegenses_n extitissent_fw-la &_o quod_fw-la de_fw-la norwegia_fw-la olim_fw-la venissent_fw-la sed_fw-la postea_fw-la ad_fw-la preces_fw-la communitatis_fw-la anglorum_fw-la rex_fw-la adquievit_fw-la qui_fw-la deprecati_fw-la sunt_fw-la quatenus_fw-la permitteret_fw-la sibi_fw-la leges_fw-la proprias_fw-la &_o consuetudines_fw-la antiquas_fw-la habere_fw-la in_fw-la quibus_fw-la vixerant_fw-la patres_fw-la eorum_fw-la &_o ipsi_fw-la in_o eye_n nati_fw-la &_o nutriti_fw-la sunt_fw-la scilicet_fw-la leges_fw-la sancti_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la &_o ex_fw-la illo_fw-la die_fw-la magna_fw-la authoritate_fw-la veneratae_fw-la &_o per_fw-la universum_fw-la regnum_fw-la corroboratae_fw-la &_o conservatae_fw-la sunt_fw-la praecaeteris_fw-la regni_fw-la legibus_fw-la leges_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la unde_fw-la per_fw-la praeceptum_fw-la regis_fw-la willielmi_n electi_fw-la sunt_fw-la de_fw-la singulis_fw-la totius_fw-la angliae_fw-la comitatibus_fw-la duodecim_fw-la viri_fw-la sapientiores_fw-la quibus_fw-la jurejurando_fw-la injunctum_fw-la fuit_fw-la coram_fw-la rege_fw-la willielmo_n ut_fw-la quoad_fw-la possent_fw-la recto_fw-la tramite_fw-la neque_fw-la ad_fw-la dexteram_fw-la neque_fw-la ad_fw-la sinistram_fw-la declinantes_fw-la legum_fw-la suarum_fw-la &_o consuetu_fw-la inum_fw-la sancita_fw-la patefacerent_fw-la nil_fw-la praetermittentes_fw-la nil_fw-la addentes_fw-la nil_fw-la praevaricando_fw-la mutantes_fw-la alderedus_fw-la autem_fw-la eboracensis_fw-la episcopus_fw-la &_o hugo_n londoniensis_fw-la episcopus_fw-la per_fw-la praeceptum_fw-la regis_fw-la scripserunt_fw-la propriis_fw-la manibus_fw-la omne_fw-la quae_fw-la praedicti_fw-la jurati_fw-la dixerunt_fw-la etc._n etc._n ingulphus_n crolandensis_n also_o who_o be_v chaplain_n to_o this_o king_n william_n and_o be_v himself_o somewhat_o concern_v in_o this_o affair_n and_o so_o the_o more_o to_o be_v believe_v as_o a_o agent_n write_v a_o little_a more_o plain_o than_o the_o last_o do_v thus_o attuli_fw-la say_v he_o eadem_fw-la vice_fw-la mecum_fw-la lundoniis_fw-la in_o meum_fw-la monasterium_fw-la leges_fw-la aequissimi_fw-la regis_fw-la ewardi_fw-la quas_fw-la dominus_fw-la meus_fw-la inclytus_fw-la rex_fw-la willielmus_fw-la autenticas_fw-la esse_fw-la &_o perpetuas_fw-la per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la angliae_fw-la inviolabilitérque_fw-la tenendas_fw-la sub_fw-la poenis_fw-la gravissimis_fw-la proclamarat_fw-la &_o suis_fw-la justiciariis_fw-la commendârat_fw-la eodem_fw-la idiomate_fw-la quo_fw-la editae_fw-la sunt_fw-la ne_fw-la per_fw-la ignorantiam_fw-la contingat_fw-la nos_fw-la vel_fw-la nostros_fw-la aliquando_fw-la in_fw-la nostrum_fw-la grave_n periculum_fw-la contraire_fw-fr &_o offendere_fw-la ausu_fw-la temerario_fw-la regiam_fw-la majestatem_fw-la ac_fw-la in_o ejus_fw-la censuras_fw-la rigidissimas_fw-la improvidum_fw-la pedem_fw-la far_o contentas_fw-la saepius_fw-la in_o eisdem_fw-la hoc_fw-la modo_fw-la and_o the_o title_n of_o those_o law_n be_v this_o ces_n sont_fw-fr les_fw-fr leis_fw-la &_o les_fw-fr custumes_n que_fw-fr li_n reis_n william_n grantut_o à _fw-fr tut_o le_fw-fr peuple_fw-fr de_fw-fr engleterre_fw-fr apres_fw-fr le_fw-fr conquest_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr iceles_n meisme_n que_fw-fr le_fw-fr reis_n edward_n sun_n cousin_n tint_v devant_fw-fr lui_fw-fr which_o be_v in_o english_a these_o be_v the_o law_n and_o custom_n which_o king_n william_n grant_v to_o all_o the_o people_n of_o england_n after_o the_o conquest_n of_o the_o land_n and_o be_v the_o same_o which_o king_n edward_n his_o cousin_n do_v hold_v before_o he_o and_o the_o like_a account_n give_v by_o the_o litchfield_n chronicle_n be_v find_v in_o the_o law_n of_o king_n edward_n which_o though_o from_o he_o receive_v the_o denomination_n yet_o probable_o be_v transcript_n of_o a_o date_n since_o the_o norman_a conquest_n for_o that_o in_o they_o be_v find_v a_o express_a of_o the_o norman_a settlement_n of_o they_o in_o which_o be_v also_o a_o account_n of_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o rate_n of_o mulcâs_n betwixt_o the_o saxon_n and_o dane_n or_o norwegian_n and_o because_o of_o the_o ââar_a relation_n the_o norman_n have_v to_o the_o dane_n it_o be_v say_v that_o king_n william_n make_v choice_n of_o those_o law_n and_o will_v have_v have_v they_o put_v in_o execution_n as_o the_o law_n of_o england_n quip_n cum_fw-la aliarum_fw-la legibus_fw-la nationum_fw-la brytonum_fw-la scilicet_fw-la anglorum_fw-la pictorum_fw-la &_o scotorum_fw-la praeponderassent_fw-la he_o praise_v and_o like_v of_o this_o danelaege_a best_o only_o this_o observe_v if_o it_o be_v worth_a take_v notice_n of_o that_o not_o only_o the_o british_a law_n come_v into_o the_o account_n but_o also_o they_o be_v set_v in_o the_o first_o place_n but_o king_n william_n desigment_n have_v this_o effect_n and_o issue_n for_o take_v that_o resolution_n it_o be_v say_v quo_fw-la audito_fw-la mox_fw-la universi_fw-la compatriotae_fw-la regni_fw-la qui_fw-la leges_fw-la edixerant_fw-la tristes_fw-la effecti_fw-la unanimiter_fw-la deprecati_fw-la sunt_fw-la quatenus_fw-la permitteret_fw-la sibi_fw-la leges_fw-la proprias_fw-la &_o consuetudines_fw-la antiquas_fw-la habere_fw-la in_o quibus_fw-la vix_fw-la runt_n patres_fw-la eorum_fw-la &_o ipsi_fw-la in_o eye_n nati_fw-la &_o nutriti_fw-la sunt_fw-la
quia_fw-la durum_fw-la valde_fw-la foret_fw-la sibi_fw-la suscipere_fw-la leges_fw-la ignotas_fw-la &_o judicari_fw-la de_fw-la eye_n quas_fw-la nesciâbant_fw-la rege_fw-la vero_fw-la ad_fw-la flectendum_fw-la ingrato_fw-la existente_fw-la tandem_fw-la eum_fw-la prosecuti_fw-la sunt_fw-la deprecantes_fw-la quatenus_fw-la per_fw-la animam_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la qui_fw-la sibi_fw-la post_fw-la diem_fw-la suum_fw-la concesserat_fw-la coronam_fw-la &_o regnum_fw-la &_o cujus_fw-la erant_fw-la leges_fw-la nec_fw-la aliorum_fw-la extraneorum_fw-la exaudiendo_fw-la concederet_fw-la eye_n sub_fw-la legibus_fw-la perseverare_fw-la paternis_fw-la unde_fw-la consilio_fw-la habito_fw-la precatu_fw-la baronum_fw-la tandem_fw-la acquievit_fw-la thomas_n vero_fw-la archiepiscopus_fw-la cantuariensis_n &_o mauritius_n episcopus_fw-la scripserunt_fw-la propriis_fw-la manibus_fw-la omne_fw-la ista_fw-la praedicta_fw-la per_fw-la praeceptum_fw-la praedicti_fw-la regis_fw-la wilhelmi_n exit_fw-la illo_fw-la igitur_fw-la die_fw-la multa_fw-la autoritate_fw-la veneratae_fw-la &_o per_fw-la universum_fw-la regnum_fw-la corroboratae_fw-la &_o observatae_fw-la sunt_fw-la prae_fw-la caeteris_fw-la patriae_fw-la legibus_fw-la leges_fw-la edwardi_fw-la regis_fw-la sancti_fw-la etc._n etc._n though_o the_o king_n at_o this_o time_n be_v so_o unwilling_o move_v to_o the_o request_n of_o the_o english_a yet_o we_o find_v that_o afterward_o he_o labour_v all_o he_o can_v to_o ingratiate_v himself_o with_o they_o as_o stand_v in_o fear_n of_o they_o for_o in_o the_o three_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n edgar_n out_o of_o scotland_n and_o the_o earl_n edwin_n and_o morchar_n with_o assistance_n from_o denmark_n gather_v into_o a_o body_n in_o the_o north_n and_o be_v there_o defeat_v whereupon_o say_v mr._n daniel_n the_o most_o of_o these_o lord_n present_o after_o come_v in_o upon_o public_a faith_n give_v they_o and_o be_v conduct_v to_o berkhamsted_n by_o the_o abbot_n frederick_n who_o upon_o their_o submission_n and_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n retake_a have_v their_o pardon_n and_o restitution_n to_o grace_n grant_v by_o the_o king_n believe_v it_o his_o own_o concern_v so_o much_o to_o quiet_v they_o that_o he_o again_o take_v his_o personal_a oath_n before_o the_o archbishop_n lanfranc_n and_o the_o lord_n to_o observe_v the_o ancient_a law_n of_o the_o realm_n establish_v by_o his_o noble_a predecessor_n the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o especial_o those_o of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n thus_o we_o plain_o see_v the_o law_n that_o be_v continue_v and_o confirm_v be_v the_o old_a saxon_a law_n as_o we_o have_v it_o in_o this_o decree_n of_o william_n the_o conqueror_n 1._o exit_fw-la legib_fw-la guil._n 1._o hoc_fw-la quoque_fw-la praecipio_fw-la ut_fw-la omnes_fw-la habeant_fw-la &_o teneant_fw-la legem_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la in_o omnibus_fw-la rebus_fw-la adauctis_fw-la his_fw-la quae_fw-la constituimus_fw-la ad_fw-la utilitatem_fw-la anglorum_fw-la and_o his_o son_n henry_n the_o first_o take_v the_o very_a same_o course_n for_o among_o his_o decree_n it_o be_v that_o murdra_fw-mi etiam_fw-la retro_fw-la ab_fw-la illo_fw-la die_fw-la quo_fw-la in_o regem_fw-la coronatus_fw-la fui_fw-la omne_fw-la condono_fw-it &_o ea_fw-la quae_fw-la à _fw-la modo_fw-la facta_fw-la fuerint_fw-la justè_fw-la emendentur_fw-la secundùm_fw-la lagam_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la and_o present_o after_o he_o say_v lagam_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la vobis_fw-la reddo_fw-la cum_fw-la illis_fw-la emendationibus_fw-la quibus_fw-la eam_fw-la pater_fw-la meus_fw-la emendavit_fw-la consilio_fw-la baronum_fw-la suorum_fw-la but_o let_v we_o descend_v to_o particular_n and_o view_v from_o whence_o we_o have_v our_o jurye_n the_o great_a pillar_n of_o our_o law_n and_o the_o bulwark_n of_o our_o freedom_n certain_o upon_o a_o great_a mistake_n say_v to_o be_v bring_v in_o by_o the_o norman_a conqueror_n concern_v which_o mr._n campden_n write_v against_o polydore_n virgil_n who_o it_o seem_v be_v of_o that_o opinion_n also_o have_v it_o thus_o nihil_fw-la à _fw-la vero_fw-la altenius_fw-la multis_fw-la enim_fw-la ante_fw-la annis_fw-la in_o usu_fw-la faisse_fw-fr certissimum_fw-la est_fw-la of_o so_o general_a a_o concernment_n also_o be_v this_o way_n of_o judgement_n judicium_fw-la cook_n l._n 2._o c._n 12._o sect._n 234._o e._n for_o the_o institution_n and_o right_a use_n of_o this_o trial_n by_o 12._o man_n and_o wherefore_o other_o country_n have_v they_o not_o and_o this_o trial_n excel_v other_o see_v fortescue_n at_o large_a cap._n 25_o &_o 29._o &_o glanvil_n lib._n 7._o cap._n 14_o 15._o bracton_n lib._n 3._o fol._n 116._o a._n and_o in_o antiont_a time_n they_o be_v 12._o knight_n this_o trial_n of_o the_o fact_n per_fw-la duodecim_fw-la liberos_fw-la &_o legales_fw-la homines_fw-la be_v very_o ancient_a for_o hear_v what_o the_o law_n be_v before_o the_o conquest_n lamb._n verbo_fw-la centuria_fw-la in_o singulis_fw-la centuriis_fw-la comitia_fw-la sunto_fw-la atque_fw-la liberae_fw-la conditionis_fw-la viri_fw-la duodeni_fw-la aetaâe_fw-la superiores_fw-la una_fw-la cum_fw-la praeposito_fw-la sacra_fw-la tenentes_fw-la juranto_n etc._n etc._n nay_o the_o trial_n in_o some_o case_n per_fw-la medietatem_fw-la linguae_fw-la as_o we_o speak_v be_v as_o ancient_a in_o lamb._n fol._n 91.3_o viri_fw-la duodeni_fw-la jure_fw-la consulti_fw-la angliae_fw-la sex_n walliae_fw-la totidem_fw-la anglis_fw-la &_o wallis_n jus_o dicunto_fw-la and_o of_o ancient_a time_n it_o be_v call_v duodecim_fw-la virale_fw-la judicium_fw-la that_o in_o the_o 31._o cap._n of_o the_o law_n of_o hen._n 1._o it_o be_v decree_v unusquisque_fw-la per_fw-la pares_fw-la suos_fw-la judicandus_fw-la est_fw-la &_o ejusdem_fw-la provinciae_fw-la this_o be_v the_o judgement_n by_o our_o king_n our_o judge_v dodaridge_n in_o his_o treatise_n of_o nobility_n pag._n 110._o have_v this_o whereas_o it_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o great_a charter_n among_o other_o thing_n in_o the_o form_n which_o follow_v no_o free_a mun_n shall_v be_v take_v or_o imprison_v or_o diseise_v of_o his_o free_a hold_n or_o his_o liberty_n or_o free-custom_n or_o shall_v be_v outlaw_v or_o banish_v or_o in_o any_o wise_a destroy_v nor_o go_v upon_o he_o but_o by_o the_o lawful_a judgement_n of_o his_o peer_n on_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n by_o which_o be_v to_o be_v see_v that_o it_o be_v the_o ancient_a law_n of_o the_o land_n for_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la be_v only_o a_o confirmation_n of_o those_o ancient_a privilege_n claim_v by_o the_o baron_n and_o people_n from_o the_o first_o norman_n king_n peer_n by_o which_o we_o stand_v and_o fall_v and_o be_v our_o english_a peculiar_a for_o in_o normandy_n the_o civil_a law_n be_v their_o know_a and_o use_v law_n and_o i_o believe_v you_o will_v hardly_o find_v that_o that_o law_n take_v any_o cognisance_n of_o juries_n who_o number_n be_v not_o in_o all_o age_n fix_v or_o certain_a but_o vary_v into_o several_a number_n according_a to_o what_o you_o shall_v find_v cite_v in_o several_a reign_n they_o be_v for_o many_o century_n together_o as_o at_o this_o time_n at_o 24._o of_o which_o 12._o to_o be_v present_a and_o this_o in_o the_o saxan_n law_n have_v several_a appellation_n but_o to_o ascend_v with_o these_o jury_n up_o to_o antiquity_n we_o will_v begin_v with_o hen._n 1._o and_o with_o what_o he_o decree_v in_o the_o 66._o chap._n of_o his_o law_n si_fw-mi quis_fw-la dei_fw-la rectitudines_fw-la per_fw-la vim_o deforciat_fw-la emendet_fw-la lahsliht_n cum_fw-la dacis_fw-la plenam_fw-la wytam_fw-la cum_fw-la anglis_fw-la vel_fw-la ita_fw-la neget_fw-la assumat_fw-la undecim_fw-la &_o idem_fw-la sit_fw-la duodecimus_fw-la and_o so_o present_o after_o concern_v burchot_n vel_fw-la brigbot_n he_o say_v in_o denelaga_n sicut_fw-la stetit_fw-la antea_fw-la vel_fw-la ita_fw-la se_fw-la allegiet_fw-la nominentur_fw-la ei_fw-la xiiii_o &_o adquirat_fw-la ex_fw-la eye_n undecim_fw-la in_o his_o vero_fw-la secundum_fw-la legem_fw-la nominati_fw-la consacramentales_fw-la vicini_fw-la babendi_fw-la sunt_fw-la quia_fw-la solus_fw-la non_fw-la potuit_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o in_o cap._n lxxiv_o concern_v a_o thief_n slay_v it_o be_v say_v juret_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o cognato_fw-la svo_fw-la nullum_fw-la factum_fw-la erat_fw-la pro_fw-la quo_fw-la de_fw-la vitâ_fw-la fortisfactus_fw-la esset_fw-la &_o eant_fw-la alii_fw-la cum_fw-la duodecim_fw-la &_o superjurent_fw-fr ei_fw-la in_o munditiam_fw-la quae_fw-la ante_fw-la dicetur_fw-la so_o in_o the_o law_n of_o william_n the_o conqueror_n at_o numb_a 16._o siquis_fw-la alterum_fw-la appellet_fw-la de_fw-la latrocinio_fw-la &_o be_v sit_fw-la libre_fw-la homo_fw-la &_o habeat_fw-la testimonium_fw-la etc._n testimonium_fw-la judge_n dodaridge_n in_o his_o treatise_n of_o the_o baron_n pag._n 155_o say_v the_o yeomanry_n or_o common_a people_n for_o they_o be_v call_v of_o the_o saxon_a word_n zeman_n which_o do_v signify_v common_a who_o have_v some_o land_n of_o their_o own_o to_o live_v upon_o for_o a_o cârve_v of_o land_n or_o ploughland_n be_v in_o ancient_a time_n of_o the_o yearly_a value_n of_o five_o noble_n and_o this_o be_v the_o live_n of_o a_o sober_a man_n or_o yeoman_n coke_n 9_o part_n fol._n 124._o b._n but_o in_o our_o law_n they_o be_v call_v legales_fw-la homines_fw-la a_o word_n very_o familiar_a in_o writ_n and_o inquest_n etc._n etc._n de_fw-la legalitate_fw-la purget_fw-la se_fw-la per_fw-la plenum_fw-la sacramentum_fw-la &_o alter_fw-la qui_fw-la
terrarum_fw-la domini_fw-la diligenter_n intendentes_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o in_o the_o law_n of_o king_n edgar_n every_o year_n let_v there_o be_v say_v he_o tƿa_v scirgemot_a &_o ðaer_fw-mi beo_fw-la on_o ðaer_n sciregemote_a bisceoƿ_n &_o see_v ealdorman_n &_o þa_a aegþer_n taecan_fw-it ge_fw-mi god_n rihte_n ge_fw-mi ƿeoruld_v rihte_n i.e._n at_o the_o shire-gemote_a let_v the_o bishop_n and_o alderman_n be_v and_o there_o either_o of_o they_o teach_v god_n right_a and_o the_o world_n right_a which_o judgement_n of_o the_o vicenage_n and_o power_n of_o the_o county_n be_v equal_o use_v both_o in_o the_o time_n of_o saxon_a and_o norman_a government_n and_o so_o small_a be_v the_o alteration_n that_o happen_v at_o this_o time_n that_o in_o this_o often_o cite_a survey_n record_v there_o among_o many_o other_o of_o the_o like_a nature_n be_v this_o concern_v of_o the_o burrow_n of_o wallingford_n in_o berrochescire_fw-la which_o conclude_v thus_o modo_fw-la sunt_fw-la in_o ipso_fw-la burgo_n consuetudines_fw-la omnes_fw-la ut_fw-la ante_fw-la fuerant_fw-la and_o so_o where_o it_o record_v the_o custom_n of_o urchenfield_n it_o say_v hae_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la erant_fw-la wallensium_n t.r.e._n id_fw-la est_fw-la tempore_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la for_o the_o man_n of_o urchenfield_n in_o ancient_a record_n be_v call_v welsh_a as_o this_o region_n be_v call_v wales_n for_o in_o the_o book_n of_o knights-fee_n in_o the_o exchequer_n it_o be_v write_v arcenefeld_n in_o wales_n respondere_fw-la tenetur_fw-la daon_n regi_fw-la etc._n etc._n shall_v i_o make_v a_o parallel_n of_o custom_n as_o well_o as_o law_n use_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_n and_o norman_n you_o will_v find_v they_o all_o one_o and_o both_o compare_v with_o the_o law_n of_o howel-dha_a to_o prove_v the_o same_o most_o with_o they_o also_o the_o peep_n in_o the_o saxon_a law_n be_v render_v aestimatio_fw-la capitis_fw-la and_o those_o provide_v that_o in_o case_n upon_o a_o offence_n it_o can_v not_o be_v pay_v neither_o by_o the_o criminal_a nor_o his_o kindred_n then_o be_v he_o to_o undergo_v a_o service_n for_o it_o somewhat_o of_o this_o nature_n be_v in_o the_o norman_a time_n for_o among_o the_o custom_n of_o lewes_n in_o domesdey-book_n i_o find_v that_o adulterium_fw-la vel_fw-la raptum_fw-la faciens_fw-la viij_o solid_n &_o four_o den._n emendat_fw-la homo_fw-la &_o faemina_fw-la tantundem_fw-la rex_fw-la habet_fw-la hominem_fw-la adulterum_fw-la archiepiscopus_fw-la faeminam_fw-la this_o be_v there_o set_v down_o as_o a_o ancient_a custom_n belong_v to_o that_o town_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_n but_o in_o the_o time_n of_o hen._n 1._o in_o the_o 11._o cap._n of_o his_o law_n it_o be_v thus_o upon_o a_o general_a account_n set_v down_o qui_fw-la uxoratus_fw-la faciet_fw-la adulterium_fw-la habeat_fw-la rex_fw-la ejus_fw-la vel_fw-la dominus_fw-la i_o believe_v ejus_fw-la shall_v be_v set_v after_o dominus_fw-la superiorem_fw-la episcopus_fw-la inferiorem_fw-la and_o these_o ƿere_n be_v sound_v corroborate_v by_o that_o name_n in_o the_o law_n of_o hen._n 1._o but_o in_o short_a you_o will_v find_v by_o this_o domesdey-book_n that_o in_o most_o place_n of_o england_n it_o be_v certify_v they_o have_v those_o very_a custom_n in_o the_o norman_a government_n which_o they_o have_v in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n i_o know_v there_o be_v many_o jocular_a tenor_n but_o whether_o all_o of_o they_o that_o occur_v be_v invent_v or_o impose_v by_o the_o norman_n it_o matter_n not_o much_o because_o they_o do_v not_o interfere_v upon_o propriety_n nor_o injure_v their_o other_o custom_n one_o custom_n report_v to_o be_v bring_v in_o be_v the_o etc._n the_o judge_n dodaridge_n in_o his_o treatise_n of_o the_o law_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o peerage_n of_o england_n in_o his_o 16_o page_n show_v the_o manner_n of_o saxon_a sign_v to_o a_o charter_n of_o henry_n 8._o to_o his_o son_n edward_n when_o he_o 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sigillum_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la and_o in_o very_a many_o place_n of_o domesdey-book_n it_o be_v record_v that_o land_n do_v pass_v to_o several_a people_n under_o the_o seal_n of_o king_n edward_n as_o in_o berckshire_n under_o the_o title_n of_o terra_n ecclesie_n abendoniensis_fw-la it_o be_v specify_v that_o anscil_n tenet_n sperfold_v de_fw-fr abbate_n edric_n tenuit_fw-la in_o alodio_n de_fw-la rege_fw-la edwardo_n &_o potuit_fw-la ire_n quo_fw-la voluit_fw-la etc._n etc._n de_fw-fr hoc_fw-la manerio_fw-la scira_n attestatur_fw-la quod_fw-la edricus_fw-la qui_fw-la eum_fw-la tenebat_fw-la deliberavit_fw-la illum_fw-la filio_fw-la svo_fw-la qui_fw-la erat_fw-la in_o abendone_v monachus_n ut_fw-la ad_fw-la firmam_fw-la illud_fw-la teneret_fw-la &_o sibi_fw-la donec_fw-la viveret_fw-la necessaria_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la inde_fw-la donaret_fw-la post_fw-la mortem_fw-la vero_fw-la ejus_fw-la manerium_fw-la haberet_fw-la &_o ideo_fw-la nesciunt_fw-la homines_fw-la de_fw-la scira_n quod_fw-la abbatie_fw-mi pertineat_fw-la neque_fw-la enim_fw-la inde_fw-la viderunt_fw-la brevem_fw-la regis_fw-la vel_fw-la sigillum_fw-la abbas_n vero_fw-la testatur_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o t._n r._n e._n misit_fw-la ille_fw-la manerium_fw-la ad_fw-la ecclesiam_fw-la unde_fw-la erat_fw-la &_o inde_fw-la habet_fw-la brevem_fw-la &_o sigillum_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la attestantibus_fw-la omnibus_fw-la monachis_fw-la suis_fw-la and_o in_o that_o county_n under_o the_o title_n of_o terra_fw-la henrici_fw-la de_fw-la ferieres_n be_v that_o ollavintone_n godricus_n vicecomes_a tenuit_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la edwardo_fw-la hanc_fw-la terram_fw-la dedit_fw-la rex_fw-la edwardus_fw-la de_fw-la sva_fw-la firma_fw-la godrico_fw-la &_o inde_fw-la viderunt_fw-la sigillum_fw-la ejus_fw-la homines_fw-la de_fw-la comitatu_fw-la praeter_fw-la istas_fw-la hidas_fw-la accepit_fw-la ipse_fw-la godricus_fw-la de_fw-la firma_fw-la regis_fw-la unam_fw-la v._n terre_fw-fr de_fw-fr qua_fw-la non_fw-la viderunt_fw-la sigillum_fw-la regis_fw-la you_o see_v by_o these_o that_o this_o seal_v be_v look_v upon_o in_o the_o saxon_a time_n as_o of_o great_a strength_n and_o efficacy_n to_o their_o validate_v of_o deed_n and_o conveyance_n i_o can_v willing_o grant_v that_o the_o coverfeu-bell_n continue_v in_o use_n till_o our_o day_n be_v a_o introduction_n of_o the_o norman_a conqueror_n and_o in_o that_o there_o be_v much_o reason_n and_o policy_n for_o no_o doubt_n but_o that_o in_o some_o place_n and_o country_n the_o norman_a soldier_n be_v enforce_v to_o lodge_v dispersedly_z and_o so_o it_o will_v be_v fit_a and_o convenient_a that_o the_o country_n shall_v observe_v that_o timely_a decorum_n and_o order_n not_o only_o beneficial_a to_o themselves_o but_o also_o to_o those_o enquarter_v who_o guard_n will_v be_v the_o more_o difintangle_v the_o more_o they_o have_v of_o freedom_n from_o the_o company_n and_o walk_n of_o the_o country_n people_n and_o as_o the_o ring_n of_o 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tamen_fw-la ejus_fw-la ratione_fw-la a_o scaccario_fw-la transmarino_fw-mi which_o be_v all_o the_o innovation_n that_o i_o at_o present_a can_v remember_v that_o be_v imaginable_a to_o be_v introduce_v at_o this_o juncture_n which_o if_o more_o be_v not_o considerable_a enough_o for_o to_o be_v a_o ground_n of_o so_o much_o exclamation_n i_o proceed_v to_o the_o
the_o name_n but_o what_o refer_v to_o the_o tenure_n of_o partition_n the_o britain_n enjoy_v that_o part_n of_o wales_n in_o the_o saxon_a government_n and_o have_v not_o any_o fix_a impression_n upon_o they_o by_o any_o before_o the_o norman_n who_o over_o this_o county_n at_o last_o stretch_v their_o victorious_a arm_n after_o many_o various_a success_n on_o both_o part_n and_o stout_a defence_n make_v by_o the_o welsh_a for_o their_o land_n and_o propriety_n enjoy_v it_o partly_o by_o force_n and_o partly_o by_o composition_n and_o agreement_n as_o the_o private_a family_n history_n do_v manifest_a which_o i_o have_v see_v for_o there_o be_v several_a â_z of_o the_o great_a note_n in_o that_o country_n that_o be_v able_a to_o produce_v testimony_n of_o enjoy_v their_o land_n and_o birth_n in_o that_o circuit_n of_o land_n for_o shire_n and_o country_n be_v not_o of_o a_o welsh_a institution_n before_o the_o norman_a conquest_n so_o that_o by_o this_o it_o be_v probable_a they_o do_v not_o subvert_v all_o neither_o be_v they_o in_o quire_n about_o abergavenny_n after_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n fitz_n empress_n gyraldus_n cambrensis_fw-la relate_v a_o series_n of_o their_o action_n in_o those_o part_n but_o to_o leave_v these_o story_n i_o think_v it_o least_o of_o all_o probable_a that_o the_o norman_n will_v borrow_v a_o kentish_a word_n to_o denominate_v any_o thing_n to_o their_o british_a tenant_n or_o plant_v it_o there_o as_o a_o kentish_a custom_n see_v in_o case_n the_o derivation_n according_a to_o mr_n s's_fw-fr opinion_n shall_v prove_v true_a this_o denomination_n be_v as_o much_o unknown_a to_o the_o norman_n themselves_o as_o possible_o it_o can_v be_v unto_o the_o britain_n and_o alike_o to_o both_o of_o they_o if_o the_o norman_n have_v find_v a_o necessity_n of_o make_v a_o intelligible_a expression_n and_o appellation_n of_o such_o a_o custom_n of_o partition_n certain_o i_o shall_v have_v meet_v among_o they_o with_o the_o roturier_n which_o i_o understand_v be_v in_o use_n over_o all_o france_n at_o this_o day_n and_o very_o frequent_o in_o normandy_n the_o island_n of_o jersey_n parcel_n of_o the_o norman_a dukedom_n retain_v still_o this_o custom_n to_o this_o day_n under_o the_o name_n of_o the_o roturier_n whilst_o her_o sister_n guernesey_n have_v no_o footstep_n of_o it_o but_o be_v as_o different_a in_o their_o tenor_n as_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o their_o soil_n for_o in_o one_o as_o i_o be_o inform_v like_o as_o in_o ireland_n no_o toad_n spider_n or_o venomous_a creature_n will_v live_v whilst_o in_o the_o other_o they_o have_v they_o in_o distasteful_a abundance_n but_o even_o now_o i_o touch_v upon_o the_o saxon_a division_n of_o shire_n and_o county_n and_o tell_v you_o it_o be_v not_o the_o british_a policy_n which_o put_v i_o in_o mind_n of_o that_o order_n that_o be_v observe_v by_o the_o welsh_a and_o rectify_v by_o howel-dda_a in_o the_o order_n of_o his_o principality_n with_o the_o careful_a intermixture_n of_o civil-descent_n and_o military_a disposition_n wherein_o we_o shall_v find_v something_o to_o our_o matter_n in_o hand_n worthy_a the_o notice_n the_o description_n as_o humfride_fw-la lloyd_n have_v write_v out_o of_o the_o law_n and_o ordinance_n of_o that_o prince_n be_v in_o short_a thus_o first_o a_o cantref_n which_o have_v its_o denomination_n from_o one_o hundred_o town_n and_o signify_v as_o much_o under_o which_o be_v so_o many_o commot_n which_o the_o welsh_a call_v cwmmwd_n and_o signify_v provincia_n regio_n cohabitancia_n and_o confisted_a of_o twelve_o manor_n or_o circuit_n and_o two_o township_n there_o be_v four_o township_n to_o every_o circuit_n or_o manor_n and_o every_o township_n comprehend_v four_o gavel_n every_o gavel_n have_v four_o rhandir_n and_o four_o tenement_n be_v constitute_v under_o every_o rhandir_n of_o gavel_n i_o have_v tell_v you_o before_o that_o it_o signify_v tenura_n a_o tenure_n rhandir_n be_v a_o word_n that_o admit_v 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demeyne_n soit_fw-fr use_n solonque_fw-la le_fw-fr ancient_a usage_n deal_v lieu_n daunt_v en_fw-fr ascun_fw-fr ãâã_d le_fw-fr âient_fw-fr leu_fw-fr pour_fw-fr usage_n que_fw-fr le_fw-fr heritage_n soit_fw-fr departable_a entre_fw-fr tout_fw-fr les_fw-fr enfants_fw-fr freres_fw-mi &_o sore_n &_o in_o ascun_fw-fr lieu_fw-fr que_fw-fr le_fw-fr eigne_n avera_fw-fr tout_fw-fr &_o in_o astun_n lieu_fw-fr que_fw-fr le_fw-fr puisne_n frere_fw-fr avera_fw-fr tout_fw-fr here_o you_o see_v several_a usage_n and_o the_o like_a with_o the_o usage_n of_o warham_n and_o all_o according_a to_o the_o usage_n of_o the_o place_n which_o be_v their_o gavel_n or_o tenure_n but_o to_o return_v to_o that_o which_o be_v common_o receive_v for_o gavelkind_n which_o be_v a_o partition_n among_o all_o the_o male_n notwithstanding_o the_o existency_n of_o female_n of_o which_o sort_n there_o be_v also_o many_o kind_n some_o that_o consider_v the_o elder_a as_o that_o in_o urchenfield_n other_o that_o have_v a_o 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wardship_n be_v this_o si_fw-mi terram_fw-la hereditatis_fw-la sue_v aliqua_fw-la parentela_n idâest_n gueily-gord_a inter_fw-la se_fw-la non_fw-la diviserit_fw-la quamvis_fw-la omnibus_fw-la aliis_fw-la defunctis_fw-la non_fw-la nisi_fw-la unus_fw-la unius_fw-la supersit_fw-la ipse_fw-la terram_fw-la habebit_fw-la at_o si_fw-la de_fw-la terra_fw-la illa_fw-la utpote_fw-la deficiens_fw-la jura_fw-la sva_fw-la regi_fw-la prestare_fw-la non_fw-la poterit_fw-la rex_fw-la terram_fw-la possidebit_fw-la donec_fw-la illesufficient_a pro_fw-la terra_n possit_fw-la respondere_fw-la in_o this_o law_n be_v not_o only_o a_o express_a of_o the_o tenure_n of_o partition_n but_o also_o the_o service_n due_a to_o the_o king_n from_o the_o land_n and_o a_o title_n of_o wardship_n to_o the_o king_n until_o the_o service_n by_o the_o proprietor_n can_v be_v sufficient_o perform_v and_o although_o mr._n campden_n treat_v of_o the_o court_n of_o ward_n say_v veteri_fw-la enim_fw-la instituto_fw-la è_fw-la 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show_v but_o a_o little_a to_o consider_v the_o form_n and_o manner_n use_v in_o the_o composure_n of_o these_o welsh_a law_n i_o observe_v that_o frequent_o it_o occurr_v among_o they_o that_o the_o expression_n of_o the_o significatum_fw-la in_o the_o latin_a be_v explain_v by_o the_o british_a term_n and_o be_v not_o in_o those_o time_n as_o some_o may_v imagine_v and_o ignotum_fw-la per_fw-la ignotius_fw-la but_o a_o ready_a and_o prompt_a way_n to_o make_v the_o law_n facile_a and_o easy_a to_o the_o understanding_n of_o the_o concern_v subject_n aliqua_fw-la parentela_fw-la do_v not_o so_o full_o explain_v the_o design_n of_o the_o law_n as_o it_o be_v with_o id_fw-la est_fw-la gueily-gord_a which_o word_n turn_v into_o latin_a signify_v ex_fw-la amore_fw-la lecti_fw-la aut_fw-la concubitus_fw-la and_o be_v derive_v from_o gwe_o lectus_fw-la &_o cubile_fw-la and_o gordd_v malleus_fw-la it_o be_v etc._n etc._n the_o mawl_v of_o the_o bed_n or_o the_o effect_n of_o beddmalleat_v a_o expression_n use_v by_o the_o britain_n to_o difference_n such_o child_n as_o be_v legitimate_a bear_v in_o the_o true_a bed_n of_o wedlock_n from_o illegitimate_a or_o such_o as_o be_v bear_v in_o bastardy_n yet_o for_o these_o there_o be_v a_o provision_n in_o the_o law_n but_o that_o be_v ex_fw-la patris_fw-la benevolentia_fw-la here_o in_o this_o law_n the_o title_n of_o partition_n be_v make_v out_o yet_o so_o that_o in_o all_o case_n the_o land_n must_v not_o be_v of_o necessity_n subject_a unto_o it_o for_o if_o the_o legitimate_a child_n have_v not_o divide_v the_o land_n and_o it_o shall_v chance_v that_o all_o of_o they_o die_v except_o one_o that_o one_o shall_v have_v all_o the_o land_n upon_o that_o condition_n before_o speak_v of_o but_o in_o case_n that_o the_o land_n be_v divide_v among_o the_o son_n and_o after_o this_o division_n one_o of_o they_o die_v what_o shall_v become_v of_o his_o part_n and_o apportionment_n this_o objection_n be_v solve_v by_o another_o of_o their_o law_n which_o that_o it_o may_v not_o want_v any_o thing_n to_o the_o full_a explanation_n thereof_o i_o will_v bestow_v the_o transcribe_v of_o it_o the_o rather_o because_o in_o all_o part_n it_o confirm_v the_o british_a tenure_n or_o gavel_n and_o be_v this_o si_fw-mi aliqua_fw-la progeny_n inter_fw-la se_fw-la dividerit_fw-la here_v tatem_fw-la &_o post_fw-la aliqui_fw-la eorum_fw-la defecerint_fw-la pars_fw-la eorum_fw-la in_o manu_fw-la regis_fw-la cadet_fw-la quia_fw-la alii_fw-la part_n svas_fw-la secundum_fw-la divisionis_fw-la rationem_fw-la habuerint_fw-la here_o it_o be_v provide_v that_o the_o progeny_n must_v inter_v se_fw-la hereditatem_fw-la dividere_fw-la and_o than_o if_o any_o portioner_n die_v after_o the_o partition_n the_o part_n or_o portion_n of_o the_o decease_a escheat_n to_o the_o king_n and_o the_o reason_n and_o ground_n thereof_o be_v there_o render_v quia_fw-la alii_fw-la part_n svas_fw-la secundum_fw-la divisionis_fw-la rationem_fw-la habuerunt_fw-la because_o that_o each_o one_o have_v his_o share_n or_o apportionment_n according_a to_o the_o rule_n or_o law_n of_o divide_v or_o part_v but_o because_o mr._n s._n do_v write_v of_o the_o great_a privilege_n belong_v to_o kent_n by_o this_o tenure_n i_o shall_v make_v in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n chap._n viii_o a_o competition_n of_o privilege_n betwixt_o kent_n and_o urchenfield_n much_o of_o my_o enquiry_n have_v in_o these_o last_o chapter_n be_v spend_v about_o the_o singularity_n of_o the_o tenure_n of_o gavelkind_n in_o kent_n i_o now_o proceed_v to_o show_v a_o competition_n in_o privilege_n betwixt_o other_o place_n subject_v to_o this_o tenure_n and_o kent_n for_o that_o mr._n s._n say_v in_o his_o 53._o page_n kentish_a gavelkind_n consist_v of_o many_o singular_a property_n which_o may_v as_o well_o challenge_v a_o share_n and_o right_n in_o the_o custom_n name_n as_o may_v that_o of_o partition_n such_o as_o dower_n of_o the_o moiety_n not_o to_o forfeit_v land_n for_o felony_n and_o the_o like_a i_o believe_v not_o either_o partition_n or_o any_o of_o those_o mention_a privilege_n have_v a_o share_n or_o right_v in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o custom_n which_o i_o shall_v discourse_v hereafter_o nor_o that_o
the_o singular_a property_n of_o that_o land_n in_o kent_n come_v near_o to_o that_o in_o urchenfield_n 2._o urchenfield_n kanc._n rot._n tur._n lond._n claus_n 8._o rich._n 2._o m._n 2._o i_o grant_v they_o be_v the_o same_o in_o case_n of_o felony_n for_o i_o find_v it_o record_v rob._n bonehatch_n be_v hang_v for_o felony_n the_o sheriff_n of_o kent_n seize_v on_o his_o land_n in_o chertham_n hold_v of_o the_o archbishop_n in_o gavelkind_n the_o king_n write_v thus_o to_o the_o then_o sheriff_n quod_fw-la reginaldus_n dyke_n nuper_fw-la vic._n come_v predicti_fw-la habuit_fw-la inde_fw-la annum_fw-la diem_fw-la &_o vastum_fw-la non_fw-la obstante_fw-la quod_fw-la ex_fw-la antiqua_fw-la consuetudine_fw-la approbata_fw-la usitata_fw-la &_o allocata_fw-la de_fw-la ten._n que_fw-la sic_fw-la tenentur_fw-la secundum_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la de_fw-la gavelkind_n in_o hoc_fw-la casu_fw-la nos_fw-la habere_fw-la non_fw-la deberemus_fw-la annum_fw-la diem_fw-la neque_fw-la vastum_fw-la nec_fw-la capitales_fw-la domini_fw-la inde_fw-la escaetam_fw-la set_v proximi_fw-la haeredes_fw-la sic_fw-la convictorum_fw-la &_o suspensorum_fw-la haereditatem_fw-la svam_fw-la immediate_a consequuntur_fw-la felonia_fw-la illa_fw-la non_fw-la obstante_fw-la this_o be_v the_o right_n of_o both_o and_o of_o all_o wales_n i_o will_v not_o here_o compare_v the_o extent_n of_o the_o two_o region_n together_o but_o yet_o a_o small_a matter_n will_v persuade_v i_o to_o believe_v that_o at_o this_o instant_a day_n there_o be_v as_o much_o land_n subject_n to_o gavelkind_n in_o urchenfield_n as_o there_o be_v in_o kent_n and_o here_o first_o let_v we_o observe_v that_o the_o land_n that_o be_v thus_o partible_a can_v be_v hold_v or_o receive_v to_o contra-distinguish_a it_o from_o knights-service-land_n for_o if_o it_o be_v not_o hold_v by_o all_o or_o most_o of_o those_o tie_n and_o bond_n by_o which_o knight-service-land_n be_v invest_v it_o must_v then_o hold_v by_o some_o other_o 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the_o distinction_n that_o i_o make_v just_a now_o of_o freeman_n and_o villain_n in_o urchenfield_n that_o so_o i_o may_v not_o seem_v to_o speak_v without_o book_n i_o gather_v it_o out_o of_o the_o same_o record_n which_o in_o the_o next_o paragraph_n give_v a_o further_a account_n in_o these_o word_n domesd_v si_fw-la libre_fw-la homo_fw-la ibi_fw-la moritur_fw-la rex_fw-la habet_fw-la caballum_fw-la ejus_fw-la cum_fw-la armis_fw-la de_fw-la villano_n cum_fw-la moritur_fw-la habet_fw-la rex_fw-la unum_fw-la bovem_fw-la the_o first_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v relief_n from_o those_o that_o hold_v by_o knights-service_n because_o his_o horse_n and_o arm_n when_o he_o die_v do_v belong_v to_o the_o king_n the_o second_o to_o be_v heriot_n both_o which_o be_v ancient_a british_a custom_n as_o you_o may_v perceive_v by_o the_o conclusion_n of_o all_o the_o custom_n these_o man_n have_v the_o chief_a honour_n in_o the_o army_n give_v to_o they_o for_o cum_fw-la exercitus_fw-la in_o 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gavelkind_n and_o they_o have_v those_o other_o enumerate_v custom_n derive_v to_o they_o from_o great_a antiquity_n before_o the_o norman_a conquest_n which_o be_v all_o certify_v to_o have_v be_v consuetudines_fw-la walensium_fw-la tempore_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la and_o this_o by_o the_o convictum_fw-la est_fw-la of_o this_o record_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v plain_a that_o this_o custom_n of_o partition_n among_o the_o rest_n be_v devolve_v over_o to_o they_o as_o a_o welsh_a custom_n which_o by_o the_o law_n of_o howel-dâa_a i_o find_v be_v so_o paramount_n that_o unto_o it_o as_o to_o the_o centre_n all_o other_o provisionary_a law_n find_v among_o they_o do_v point_n and_o have_v reference_n and_o not_o probable_a to_o be_v here_o plant_v by_o imitation_n of_o any_o other_o foreign_a nation_n or_o people_n but_o to_o return_v again_o to_o the_o competition_n this_o region_n arcenefeld_n region_n regio_fw-la de_fw-fr arcenefeld_n for_o so_o in_o ancient_a writing_n it_o be_v call_v have_v not_o only_o the_o like_a privilege_n in_o respect_n of_o dower_n of_o the_o moiety_n and_o no_o forfeiture_n of_o land_n for_o felony_n but_o also_o this_o that_o ibi_fw-la non_fw-la currit_fw-la breve_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o in_o the_o custody_n of_o the_o chamberlain_n of_o the_o exchequer_n of_o receipt_n there_o be_v a_o plea_n thus_o enrol_v in_o placitis_fw-la coram_fw-la rege_fw-la pasch_fw-mi anno_fw-la 9_o majus_n edw._n 1._o heref._n 32._o homines_fw-la hundredi_n de_fw-fr irchinfeld_n à _fw-la tempore_fw-la quo_fw-la non_fw-la extat_fw-la memoria_fw-la placitaverunt_fw-la &_o placita_fw-la sva_fw-la habuerunt_fw-la de_fw-la omnibus_fw-la placitis_fw-la que_fw-la ad_fw-la coronam_fw-la pertinent_a sive_fw-la de_fw-la appellis_fw-la sive_fw-la de_fw-la transgressionibus_fw-la contra_fw-la pacem_fw-la regis_fw-la solummodo_fw-la coram_fw-la vicecomite_a heref._n &_o non_fw-la coram_fw-la aliquibus_fw-la aliis_fw-la justiciaris_fw-la this_o be_v exhibit_v in_o reference_n to_o some_o appeal_v make_v in_o derogation_n of_o the_o power_n of_o irchenfeld_n to_o the_o justice_n itinerant_a but_o upon_o hear_v it_o be_v adjudge_v thus_o ideo_fw-la appellum_fw-la remittitur_fw-la in_o hundredo_fw-la predicto_fw-la it_o be_v it_o seem_v then_o call_v a_o hundred_o but_o in_o several_a other_o plead_n it_o be_v call_v libertas_n de_fw-fr irchenfeld_n and_o in_o case_n of_o appeal_v or_o any_o thing_n else_o that_o be_v implead_v out_o of_o the_o liberty_n i_o find_v that_o the_o ballivus_fw-la libertatis_fw-la de_fw-la irchinfeld_n come_v thither_o and_o oftentimes_o claim_v those_o liberty_n which_o be_v all_o order_v unto_o he_o that_o ever_o i_o yet_o can_v meet_v with_o for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o liberty_n they_o have_v within_o that_o circuit_n a_o liberty_n to_o arrest_v for_o any_o sum_n of_o money_n whatsoever_o that_o whoever_o purchase_v land_n there_o may_v bequeath_v they_o to_o who_o he_o please_v recept_n in_o rot._n 20_o ed._n 1._o penes_fw-la camer_n sccii_fw-la recept_n as_o that_o of_o the_o 20_o edw._n 1._o between_o the_o nephew_n of_o philip_n de_fw-fr martinestow_n and_o glodithan_n fill_v mauricii_n fill_n wasmaeri_fw-la which_o say_v gloditha_n plead_v quod_fw-la unusquisque_fw-la qui_fw-la terram_fw-la habet_fw-la infra_fw-la hundr_n de_fw-fr irchenefeld_n de_fw-fr perquisito_fw-la svo_fw-la potest_fw-la illud_fw-la
admit_v but_o to_o run_v over_o some_o more_o of_o his_o gable_n that_o which_o he_o discourse_v of_o in_o his_o 30_o page_n be_v a_o for-gavel_a which_o be_v right_o render_v foris_fw-la gabulum_fw-la and_o be_v define_v to_o be_v quasi_fw-la extra_fw-la vel_fw-la praeter_fw-la gabulum_fw-la quod_fw-la domino_fw-la capitali_fw-la debetur_fw-la and_o this_o correspond_v with_o what_o before_o i_o have_v say_v that_o it_o be_v a_o rent_n or_o a_o duty_n beside_o over_o and_o above_o or_o beyond_o the_o original_a contract_n or_o bargain_n the_o like_a be_v in_o mete-gavel_a which_o be_v cibi_fw-la gablum_fw-la a_o rent_n of_o meat_n or_o food_n swine-gavel_a which_o be_v porcorum_fw-la gablum_fw-la a_o rent_n of_o swine_n werke-gavel_a and_o werke-gabulum_a which_o be_v operis_fw-la gablum_fw-la hunig-gavel_a which_o be_v gabulum_fw-la mellis_fw-la domâsdey_n mellis_fw-la for_o before_o that_o sagar_n be_v from_o the_o indies_n bring_v among_o we_o the_o use_n of_o honey_n be_v frequent_a instead_o thereof_o so_o that_o i_o have_v observe_v in_o some_o very_a ancient_a rental_n as_o great_a a_o proportion_n of_o honey_n as_o there_o will_v be_v require_v of_o sugar_n to_o seâve_v such_o a_o family_n and_o much_o reserve_v to_o the_o king_n in_o most_o county_n as_o appear_v by_o domâsdey_n rent_n honey_n of_o which_o sort_n in_o domesdey_n you_o may_v find_v much_o and_o in_o the_o 60._o law_n of_o king_n ina_n we_o find_v a_o bere-gafol_a which_o be_v a_o rent_n of_o beer_n or_o rather_o barley_n as_o mr._n lambard_n expound_v it_o for_o in_o some_o country_n of_o england_n and_o in_o scotland_n they_o to_o this_o day_n call_v barley_n beer_n there_o be_v also_o in_o the_o 66._o of_o king_n ina_n law_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d speak_v of_o a_o yard_n of_o land_n which_o mr._n lambard_n render_v to_o signify_v mercede_fw-la conductam_fw-la that_o be_v hire_v for_o rent_n or_o wages_n so_o be_v it_o in_o the_o covenant_n betwixt_o king_n alured_n and_o guthrun_n the_o dane_n in_o the_o second_o article_n where_o it_o be_v say_v but_o tan_o ðaem_v câoâle_a de_fw-fr on_o gafollande_n rit_n which_o mr._n lambard_n render_v thus_o siquidem_fw-la be_v rusticus_n censum_fw-la annuum_fw-la impendens_fw-la non_fw-la fuerit_fw-la which_o i_o think_v in_o english_a be_v provide_v that_o that_o countryman_n do_v not_o sit_v on_o rent_a land_n for_o but_o in_o the_o old_a english_a as_o well_o as_o to_o this_o day_n in_o the_o present_a scotch_a signify_v without_o or_o want_v etc._n etc._n there_o i_o find_v gafollande_n be_v turn_v into_o census_n which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o i_o have_v need_n to_o make_v use_n of_o or_o take_v notice_n of_o in_o the_o law_n of_o king_n aethelstan_n it_o be_v thus_o Æ¿ealisc_a monne_n etc._n etc._n ê§_n he_o ðam_v ce_a gafol-gyldan_a maeg_fw-la which_o be_v thus_o translate_v wallus_n si_fw-la in_o eas_fw-la opes_fw-la creverit_fw-la etc._n etc._n ut_fw-la annuum_fw-la regi_fw-la censum_fw-la pendat_fw-la which_o be_v if_o a_o welshman_n increase_v so_o in_o riches_n etc._n etc._n that_o he_o can_v or_o may_v yield_v a_o yearly_a rent_n to_o the_o king_n such_o a_o one_o perhaps_o as_o we_o call_v a_o subsidy_n man_n or_o a_o man_n in_o the_o king_n book_n so_o in_o the_o six_o of_o king_n ina_n law_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d which_o be_v if_o any_o one_o fight_v in_o the_o house_n of_o one_o that_o pay_v rend_v and_o in_o the_o 22._o of_o the_o same_o king_n that_o so_o often_o recite_v law_n Æ¿ealh_n gafolgylda_fw-la hund_n tÆ¿_n lftig_fw-mi âcill_n which_o be_v turn_v into_o latin_a thus_o 33._o mr._n s._n pag._n 33._o wallus_fw-la censum_fw-la pendens_fw-la annuum_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o the_o same_o sense_n be_v the_o word_n gavel-man_n cite_v by_o payment_n by_o many_o there_o be_v that_o with_o mr._n selden_n account_v gafol_n to_o signify_v several_a thing_n as_o tributum_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o not_o in_o the_o least_o with_o reference_n to_o the_o tenure_n he_o cite_v the_o aââales_n anglosaxoas_n in_o bibliotheca_fw-la cottoniana_n anno_fw-la 1012._o ða_o ê§_n gafol_fw-mi gelaest_n sae_z &_o frið_n aþa_v asporene_a Æ¿aeson_fw-mi þa_fw-mi to_o ferde_v se_fw-mi here_o Æ¿ide_n sÆ¿a_o he_o aer_fw-la gegaderode_o Æ¿a_v ða_o bugon_n to_o þam_fw-la ce_v of_o þam_n here_o fif_fw-mi &_o feoÆ¿ertig_fw-ge scypa_fw-mi &_o he_o beheton_n ê§_n he_o Æ¿oldon_n þysne_v ear_a healoan_n &_o he_o he_o fedan_n sceolde_a &_o scÆ¿ydon_n id_fw-la est_fw-la tributo_fw-la soluto_fw-la &_o amicitiae_fw-la juramentis_fw-la praestitis_fw-la excrcitus_fw-la ut_fw-la ante_fw-la erat_fw-la congregatus_fw-la late_a dispergitur_fw-la maneb_fw-mi vit_fw-mi vero_fw-la cum_fw-la rege_fw-la ex_fw-la ipso_fw-la exercitu_fw-la quadraginta_fw-la quinque_fw-la nave_n ipsique_fw-la side_n datâ_fw-la promiserunt_fw-la se_fw-la terram_fw-la hanc_fw-la dâfensuros_fw-la modo_fw-la eos_fw-la aleret_fw-la &_o vestiret_fw-la rex_fw-la danorum_fw-la rex_fw-la tunc_fw-la swanus_fw-la crat_fw-mi quorum_fw-la ita_fw-la pepigit_fw-la ethelredus_fw-la utrumque_fw-la autem_fw-la praestationis_fw-la quam_fw-la diximus_fw-la genus_fw-la danegeld_n danegeldum_fw-la seu_fw-la danageldum_fw-la id_fw-la est_fw-la tributum_fw-la danicum_fw-la dicebatur_fw-la seld._n mar._n clau_n l._n 2._o c._n 11._o here_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o geld_v be_v most_o proper_o tribute_n though_o in_o the_o former_a part_n of_o this_o saxon_a citation_n mr._n selden_n render_v gafol_n by_o tributum_fw-la and_o proper_o it_o do_v signify_v a_o payment_n mr._n s._n which_o have_v no_o more_o in_o signification_n than_o one_o that_o pay_v a_o rent_n and_o relate_v not_o at_o all_o to_o the_o tenure_n and_o i_o believe_v if_o serious_o look_v into_o that_o many_o of_o these_o compound_n who_o have_v this_o similitude_n of_o sound_n do_v not_o hold_v under_o or_o by_o the_o tenure_n of_o partition_n which_o if_o so_o here_o be_v nomen_fw-la sine_fw-la re_fw-la and_o this_o last_o may_v be_v a_o term_n as_o significant_a for_o any_o one_o that_o pay_v a_o rent_n in_o cumberland_n as_o in_o kent_n in_o this_o recite_v page_n it_o be_v that_o mr._n s._n have_v right_o fix_v his_o gavel_n for_o say_v he_o one_o thing_n more_o i_o have_v to_o note_v before_o i_o leave_v gable_n gavel_n etc._n etc._n that_o with_o mala_n it_o signify_v rent_n service_n or_o custom_n and_o in_o his_o 35_o page_n he_o add_v by_o this_o time_n the_o reader_n be_v satisfy_v i_o hope_v say_v he_o touch_v the_o true_a construction_n of_o gavel_n gafol_n gable_n or_o how_o ever_o else_o he_o shall_v chance_v to_o find_v it_o write_v in_o each_o import_a cens_n i._n e._n a_o rent_n either_o in_o money_n provision_n or_o work_n to_o conclude_v i_o be_o of_o the_o same_o opinion_n with_o mr._n s._n that_o these_o intermixture_n and_o compound_n do_v all_o hold_v a_o reference_n to_o gafol_n gablum_fw-la or_o gabulum_fw-la that_o all_o of_o they_o have_v one_o and_o the_o same_o exposition_n yet_o that_o none_o of_o they_o have_v any_o relation_n to_o the_o tenure_n of_o partition_n or_o to_o any_o other_o tenure_n beside_o the_o rent_v or_o pay_v of_o a_o rent_n for_o land_n etc._n etc._n there_o be_v only_o one_o thing_n more_o left_a to_o be_v consider_v which_o may_v seem_v to_o have_v in_o it_o some_o strength_n and_o that_o be_v in_o the_o 31._o page_n of_o mr._n s._n where_o he_o cite_v this_o &_o postea_fw-la per_fw-la quandam_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la quae_fw-la voco_fw-la gavelate_fw-la usitatam_fw-la in_o comitatu_fw-la isto_fw-la viz._n kanc_n de_fw-la terris_fw-la &_o tenementis_fw-la de_fw-la gavelkind_n pro_fw-la redditibus_fw-la &_o servitiis_fw-la quae_fw-la à _fw-la retro_fw-la fuerint_fw-la de_fw-la eisdem_fw-la per_fw-la plures_fw-la annos_fw-la devenerunt_fw-la eaedem_fw-la terrae_fw-la in_o manus_fw-la cujusdam_fw-la abbatis_fw-la etc._n etc._n now_o this_o consuetudo_fw-la de_fw-fr gavelate_v use_v in_o the_o land_n and_o tenement_n hold_v in_o gavelkind_n seem_v the_o one_o to_o have_v relation_n to_o the_o other_o for_o mr._n s._n in_o the_o begin_n of_o that_o paragraph_n tell_v we_o that_o this_o gavelate_n be_v not_o a_o reut_n or_o a_o service_n but_o betoken_v a_o rent_n or_o a_o service_n withhold_v deny_v or_o detain_v cause_v the_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o tenement_n to_o the_o lord_n and_o whereas_o that_o record_n say_v it_o be_v use_v in_o that_o county_n upon_o land_n and_o tenement_n hold_v in_o gavelkind_n sir_n edward_n coke_n as_o mr._n s._n himself_o cite_v he_o say_v gaveletum_n be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v as_o to_o cease_v or_o let_v to_o pay_v the_o rent_n breve_fw-la de_fw-fr gavelleto_fw-it in_o london_n est_fw-la breve_fw-la de_fw-fr cessavit_fw-la in_o biennium_fw-la etc._n etc._n pro_fw-la redditu_fw-la ibidem_fw-la quia_fw-la tenementa_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la indistringibilia_fw-la so_o that_o this_o brief_a lay_n in_o london_n as_o well_o as_o kent_n and_o minshew_n in_o his_o dictionary_n upon_o the_o word_n gavelet_n exemplify_v it_o by_o a_o case_n that_o if_o any_o tenant_n in_o gavelkind_n withhold_v his_o rent_n and_o his_o service_n of_o the_o tenement_n which_o he_o hold_v of_o
hawisia_n so_o that_o sibi_fw-la in_o the_o singular_a number_n have_v not_o relation_n to_o any_o else_o but_o to_o the_o infirm_a wibert_n to_o he_o it_o be_v that_o the_o two_o penny_n be_v to_o be_v pay_v and_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o land_n in_o common_a to_o all_o the_o infirm_a of_o that_o house_n in_o perpetual_a alm_n and_o to_o gavel-kind_n that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o all_o the_o brethren_n of_o that_o hospital_n shall_v have_v the_o like_a share_n and_o propriety_n in_o that_o acre_n and_o the_o half_n as_o the_o son_n of_o any_o one_o can_v have_v in_o their_o father_n land_n of_o that_o nature_n and_o if_o not_o by_o this_o way_n i_o can_v find_v no_o other_o to_o make_v any_o sense_n of_o it_o for_o this_o clause_n and_o to_o gavel_n kind_n have_v reference_n clear_o to_o the_o concession_n and_o habendum_fw-la and_o not_o to_o the_o reddendum_fw-la and_o if_o so_o who_o be_v those_o that_o shall_v hold_v it_o in_o gavelkind_n the_o infirmes_fw-la no_o for_o they_o be_v a_o body_n though_o sickly_a that_o can_v not_o die_v nor_o the_o son_n or_o grandchild_n of_o wibaldus_n for_o they_o have_v divess_v themselves_o of_o this_o land_n and_o invest_v their_o decrepit_a brother_n wibert_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o infirmes_fw-la of_o that_o hospital_n with_o it_o nor_o can_v the_o tenant_n claim_v any_o right_n by_o this_o deed_n for_o that_o it_o have_v not_o relation_n to_o any_o tenancy_n beside_o hospital_n in_o those_o day_n do_v not_o use_v to_o create_v unprosetable_a tenor_n to_o themselves_o and_o where_o land_n be_v say_v to_o be_v hold_v in_o gavelkynd_n there_o be_v a_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n they_o be_v syncategorematical_a or_o relative_n in_o the_o like_a sense_n be_v that_o deed_n which_o mr._n s._n make_v his_o script_n ãâã_d pag._n 184._o where_o radun_v from_o wadidit_fw-la &_o concessit_fw-la ãâã_d &_o fratribus_fw-la hospitalis_n sancti_fw-la laurentii_fw-la juxtà _fw-la gantunriam_fw-la by_o his_o deed_n septem_fw-la acras_fw-la terrae_fw-la meae_fw-la say_v he_o tenendas_fw-la in_fw-la gavel-kind_n de_fw-fr i_o &_o heredibus_fw-la meis_fw-la ââberâ_n &_o quiâââ_n reddendo_fw-la inde_fw-la annuatim_fw-la mihi_fw-la vel_fw-la beredibus_fw-la meis_fw-la xlii_o denarios_fw-la etc._n etc._n pro_fw-la hac_fw-la donatione_fw-la &_o confirmatione_fw-la dederunt_fw-la mihi_fw-la praedicti_fw-la fratres_fw-la &_o heredibus_fw-la meis_fw-la quinque_fw-la marcas_fw-la âierlingorum_fw-la all_o that_o i_o can_v gather_v out_o of_o this_o be_v that_o ralph_n erone_n sell_v to_o the_o brethren_n of_o st._n lawrences_n hospital_n seven_o acre_n for_o five_o mark_v and_o reserve_v a_o rent_n of_o two_o and_o forty_o penny_n the_o land_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n in_o gavel-kind_n which_o as_o in_o the_o other_o of_o herbaldune_n so_o be_v this_o to_o be_v understand_v to_o be_v to_o the_o common_a land_n ãâ¦ã_o and_o behalf_n of_o all_o the_o brethren_n for_o if_o not_o so_o i_o desire_v ãâã_d inform_v how_o it_o can_v ruâ_a into_o the_o tenor_n of_o glaver-lâynd_a among_o they_o any_o other_o way_n and_o here_o alsoâeâ_n i_o caution_n you_o to_o observe_v that_o in_o the_o first_o deed_n it_o be_v saiâ_n to_o be_v grant_v in_o perpetuam_fw-la eleemosyndm_n and_o ãâ¦ã_o and_o then_o come_v in_o with_o the_o reddendum_fw-la so_o like_o wise_a in_o the_o second_o deed_n where_o the_o tenondum_fw-la and_o the_o reddendum_fw-la be_v at_o a_o distance_n that_o by_o mean_n thereof_o it_o be_v not_o probable_a at_o all_o that_o gavel-kind_n shall_v have_v any_o relation_n to_o the_o reddenda_fw-la in_o either_o and_o serious_o consider_v do_v plain_o contain_v a_o different_a use_n from_o either_o rent_n or_o purchase_n but_o to_o proceed_v to_o those_o several_a grant_n produce_v by_o mr._n s._n in_o relation_n to_o the_o term_n as_o that_o of_o r._n dei_fw-la gratia_fw-la sancti_fw-la augustini_fw-la cantuar_n 4._o script_n 4._o shere_v somewhat_o be_v want_v i_o believe_v it_o shall_v be_v ãâ¦ã_o &_o ejusâam_fw-la loci_fw-la conventus_fw-la make_v to_o jordanus_n âe_v sâres_n much_o his_o heir_n of_o xl._n acre_n of_o marshland_n be_v long_v to_o their_o manor_n of_o cistelet_n 6._o script_n 6._o and_o that_o of_o alan_n the_o prior_n and_o the_o convent_n of_o christ-church_n in_o canterbury_n unto_o theb._n de_fw-fr einesford_n and_o his_o heir_n of_o fourscore_o acre_n of_o land_n in_o their_o lordship_n of_o northocholt_n by_o they_o to_o be_v hold_v by_o rent_n and_o suit_n of_o court_n at_o orpinton_n add_v gavilikende_v 7._o script_n 7._o as_o also_o that_o of_o the_o same_o prior_n and_o convent_n to_o stephen_n de_fw-fr kinardentone_n of_o ãâã_d acre_n and_o to_o his_o heir_n add_v gaveliâhinde_v again_o that_o deed_n of_o gaufridus_n the_o prior_n and_o the_o convent_n of_o christ-church_n canterbury_n to_o joni_n and_o his_o heir_n of_o a_o sheep_n pasture_n in_o osmundeseye_n tenend_n 8._o script_n 8._o say_v they_o de_fw-fr nobissuccessiuè_fw-la ad_fw-la gavel-kind_n by_o rent_n and_o that_o his_o heir_n successive_o shall_v give_v de_fw-fr relevio_fw-la lvis._n and_o suit_n of_o court_n at_o leysdum_fw-la all_o these_o grantee_n have_v by_o the_o virtue_n of_o these_o several_a grant_v a_o instatement_n into_o the_o tenure_n of_o gavel-kind_n which_o be_v a_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n and_o be_v to_o run_v in_o a_o parallel_n line_n with_o land_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n that_o be_v that_o the_o son_n or_o child_n of_o the_o possessor_n when_o decease_a shall_v hold_v those_o land_n according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o partition_n in_o gavelkynd_n and_o there_o be_v no_o difficulty_n in_o they_o as_o i_o can_v perceive_v all_o that_o i_o find_v be_v that_o the_o granter_n have_v create_v a_o estate_n of_o the_o tenure_n of_o gavel-kind_n in_o case_n there_o have_v be_v none_o before_o none_o of_o they_o to_o my_o apprehension_n carry_v with_o they_o any_o notable_a antiquity_n lest_o of_o all_o to_o the_o purpose_n be_v that_o 5._o script_n 5._o in_o pag._n 178._o where_o it_o be_v say_v predecessores_fw-la dni_fw-la regis_fw-la concesserunt_fw-la manerium_fw-la de_fw-la wells_n in_o come_v cant._n postea_fw-la concessum_fw-la erat_fw-la in_o puram_fw-la &_o perpetuam_fw-la elcemosynam_n nunquam_fw-la partitum_fw-la fuit_fw-la nec_fw-la est_fw-la portibile_fw-la that_o be_v it_o be_v never_o part_v nor_o be_v partible_a to_o which_o all_o that_o i_o can_v say_v be_v that_o it_o never_o be_v nor_o be_v like_a to_o be_v so_o hold_v gavel-kynd-land_n but_o the_o pass_a discourse_n in_o this_o chapter_n only_o show_v the_o nature_n and_o tenure_n of_o such_o land_n and_o make_v nothing_o at_o all_o to_o the_o etymology_n or_o the_o investigation_n of_o the_o true_a derivation_n of_o the_o word_n in_o contest_v to_o conclude_v mr._n s._n in_o page_n 150._o draw_v from_o his_o several_a discourse_n a_o double_a consectary_n as_o he_o be_v please_v to_o term_v it_o 1._o that_o the_o king_n may_v hold_v land_n in_o gavel-kind_n i_o must_v needs_o approve_v of_o it_o and_o in_o case_n the_o king_n do_v hold_v such_o land_n and_o at_o his_o decease_n leave_v several_a son_n behind_o he_o they_o must_v part_v it_o and_o that_o prince_n have_v so_o do_v i_o have_v already_o prove_v by_o the_o several_a example_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n and_o of_o the_o german_a empire_n 2._o that_o the_o king_n hold_v land_n in_o gavel-kind_n in_o case_n he_o shall_v grant_v it_o away_o to_o any_o religious_a house_n in_o puram_fw-la &_o perpetuam_fw-la eleemosynam_fw-la in_o frank_a almoign_n it_o remain_v notwithstanding_o partible_a as_o before_o it_o come_v to_o the_o crown_n in_o their_o hand_n at_o least_o who_o the_o religious_a man_n shall_v infeoff_v with_o it_o the_o first_o part_n of_o this_o i_o grant_v for_o if_o such_o land_n be_v give_v to_o any_o religious_a society_n they_o remain_v partible_a as_o to_o the_o profit_n of_o they_o that_o be_v to_o say_v among_o the_o society_n and_o so_o do_v land_n of_o any_o other_o nature_n whatever_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n be_v vest_v pass_v into_o a_o partible_a quality_n that_o be_v the_o whole_a body_n have_v a_o interest_n all_o member_n of_o that_o body_n receive_v part_n and_o share_v of_o the_o benefit_n but_o for_o any_o other_o sort_n of_o partition_n i_o can_v fancy_v how_o it_o shall_v be_v among_o they_o and_o then_o again_o it_o do_v not_o necessary_o follow_v that_o those_o that_o be_v by_o this_o society_n interest_v with_o the_o hold_n of_o those_o land_n under_o they_o shall_v hold_v they_o in_o the_o tenure_n of_o gavelkind_n for_o by_o such_o a_o grant_n as_o i_o say_v before_o in_o this_o tenure_n of_o gavel-kind_n the_o say_a society_n or_o body_n divest_v themselves_o of_o the_o fee-simple_n and_o invest_v the_o taker_n with_o a_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n and_o again_o this_o must_v have_v a_o full_a reference_n to_o the_o society_n their_o manner_n of_o grant_v it_o and_o than_o it_o may_v
equal_a portion_n but_o according_a to_o right_n to_o this_o i_o answer_v i_o have_v show_v before_o several_a sort_n of_o partible_a tenor_n and_o none_o of_o they_o opposite_a in_o condition_n or_o nature_n but_o that_o they_o may_v all_o come_v under_o the_o genus_fw-la of_o gavelkynd_n and_o all_o those_o partition_n although_o not_o by_o equal_a portion_n yet_o be_v all_o according_a to_o the_o right_n of_o gavelkynd_n which_o i_o think_v be_v sufficient_a to_o make_v they_o appear_v member_n of_o this_o tenure_n but_o let_v we_o examine_v under_o what_o consideration_n the_o saxon_a king_n have_v this_o tenure_n as_o it_o be_v diffusive_a over_o england_n in_o their_o law_n and_o first_o of_o all_o those_o law_n of_o king_n canutus_n wherewith_o mr._n s._n be_v so_o ill_o satisfy_v he_o after_o he_o have_v very_o pious_o take_v care_n for_o what_o concern_v the_o worship_n of_o god_n by_o the_o counsel_n and_o advice_n of_o the_o wiseman_n of_o his_o kingdom_n on_o ðaem_n halgaâ_n midÆ¿intre_n tid_v on_o Æ¿intanceastre_n in_o the_o holy_a mid-winter-tide_n at_o winchester_n which_o mr._n lambard_n expound_v to_o be_v christmas_n enact_v several_a law_n with_o this_o proaemium_fw-la before_o they_o ðis_n be_v ðonne_fw-fr seo_fw-la Æ¿orldcunde_a gerednes_n ðeic_fw-la Æ¿ille_fw-la mid_a minan_n Æ¿itenan_n raede_fw-la ê§_n man_n heald_n ofer_n eal_n englaland_n that_o be_v this_o be_v then_o the_o worldly_a behest_n that_o by_o the_o counsel_n of_o my_o wise_a man_n that_o man_n hold_v over_o all_o england_n by_o which_o we_o may_v perceive_v his_o law_n have_v a_o universal_a extent_n over_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o they_o we_o find_v to_o be_v build_v upon_o the_o basis_n of_o partition_n so_o in_o his_o 68_o law_n which_o be_v thus_o render_v sive_fw-la quis_fw-la incuria_fw-la sive_fw-la morte_fw-la repentina_fw-la fuerit_fw-la intestatò_fw-la mortuus_fw-la dominus_fw-la tamen_fw-la nullam_fw-la rerum_fw-la suarum_fw-la partem_fw-la praeter_fw-la eam_fw-la quae_fw-la jure_fw-la debetur_fw-la hereoti_n nomine_fw-la sibi_fw-la assumito_fw-la verum_fw-la eas_fw-la judicio_fw-la svo_fw-la uxori_fw-la liberis_fw-la &_o cognatione_fw-la proximis_fw-la justè_fw-la pro_fw-la svo_fw-la cuique_fw-la jure_fw-la distribuito_fw-la which_o in_o the_o original_a be_v ac_fw-la beo_fw-la be_v his_o dihte_n seo_fw-la aehte_n gescyft_n sÆ¿iþe_v sihte_v þife_n &_o cildan_n &_o neh_a magon_n aelcum_fw-mi be_v ðaer_fw-mi maeþe_fw-mi de_fw-mi he_o togebyrige_fw-la which_o be_v as_o i_o conceive_v thus_o and_o by_o his_o judgement_n let_v the_o estate_n be_v shift_v or_o rather_o divide_v according_a to_o right_n wife_n and_o child_n and_o next_o of_o kin_n to_o each_o one_o according_a to_o that_o proportion_n that_o belong_v to_o they_o this_o shift_a if_o the_o word_n signify_v so_o or_o division_n must_v be_v according_a to_o right_n where_o by_o the_o way_n note_n that_o the_o saxon_a word_n to_o they_o know_v be_v ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d and_o that_o they_o make_v no_o use_n of_o the_o word_n gavelkynd_n but_o this_o be_v a_o general_a law_n and_o as_o i_o say_v before_o several_a place_n have_v their_o several_a manner_n and_o proportion_n of_o this_o tenure_n of_o partition_n yet_o all_o those_o custom_n be_v to_o be_v part_v and_o descend_v according_a to_o right_n we_o find_v somewhat_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n in_o the_o 70_o law_n of_o king_n canutus_n porrò_fw-la autem_fw-la quam_fw-la maritus_fw-la sine_fw-la light_fw-la &_o controversia_fw-la sedem_fw-la incoluerit_fw-la eam_fw-la conjux_fw-la &_o proles_fw-la sine_fw-la controversia_fw-la possidento_fw-la sin_n quae_fw-la in_o illum_fw-la lie_fw-la fuerit_fw-la illata_fw-la viventem_fw-la eam_fw-la haeredes_fw-la ad_fw-la se_fw-la perinde_v atque_fw-la be_v vivus_fw-la accipiunto_o and_o in_o the_o 75_o law_n it_o be_v provide_v that_o if_o any_o in_o the_o army_n before_o or_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o his_o lord_n dye_v fight_v ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d let_v his_o heriot_n be_v forgive_v and_o let_v his_o heir_n succeed_v he_o in_o his_o good_n and_o his_o paternal_a land_n and_o let_v it_o be_v shift_v or_o divide_v according_a to_o right_n which_o law_n seem_v to_o be_v word_n for_o word_n find_v among_o the_o law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n where_o i_o find_v &_o qui_fw-la in_o bello_fw-la ante_fw-la dominum_fw-la suum_fw-la ceciderit_fw-la sit_fw-la hoc_fw-la interra_fw-la sit_fw-la alibi_fw-la sint_fw-la ei_fw-la relevationes_fw-la condonatae_fw-la &_o habeant_fw-la haeredes_fw-la ejus_fw-la pecuniam_fw-la &_o terram_fw-la ejus_fw-la sine_fw-la aliqua_fw-la diminutione_n &_o rectè_fw-la dividant_a inter_fw-la se_fw-la which_o law_n do_v also_o take_v place_n among_o those_o that_o william_n the_o conqueror_n confirm_v as_o in_o the_o 36_o la_o that_o pass_v under_o his_o name_n si_fw-mi quis_fw-la intestatus_fw-la obierit_fw-la liberi_fw-la ejus_fw-la haereditatem_fw-la aequaliter_fw-la dividant_a now_o the_o collection_n from_o hence_o lie_v natural_o thus_o that_o that_o law_n which_o general_o reach_v to_o the_o behoof_n of_o his_o child_n or_o the_o descendant_n of_o such_o as_o dye_v intestate_a be_v the_o most_o genuine_a law_n for_o this_o law_n provide_v that_o upon_o some_o emergent_a accident_n as_o die_v intestate_a or_o in_o battle_n or_o some_o such_o sudden_a chance_n that_o these_o notwithstanding_o the_o land_n shall_v run_v in_o its_o proper_a channel_n of_o partition_n so_o that_o these_o occasion_n shall_v not_o attain_v the_o power_n of_o alter_v the_o course_n thereof_o which_o not_o meet_v with_o such_o a_o obstruction_n will_v have_v without_o any_o scruple_n have_v its_o natural_a course_n of_o partition_n the_o like_a be_v not_o only_o in_o the_o knight-service-land_n speak_v of_o to_o be_v in_o king_n alfred_n time_n but_o also_o in_o all_o their_o bocland_n and_o other_o land_n that_o have_v the_o force_n put_v upon_o they_o by_o testament_n or_o deed_n this_o partition_n come_v yet_o a_o little_a near_o to_o we_o for_o in_o the_o 70_o law_n of_o hen._n 1._o upon_o the_o account_n of_o partition_n or_o divide_v provision_n be_v make_v that_o si_fw-mi mulier_fw-la absque_fw-la liberis_fw-la moriatur_fw-la parent_n ejus_fw-la cum_fw-la marito_fw-la svo_fw-la partem_fw-la svam_fw-la dividant_a by_o which_o i_o understand_v a_o division_n of_o part_n upon_o a_o part_n before_o receive_v and_o he_o that_o write_v the_o glossary_a to_o the_o saxon_a law_n upon_o the_o word_n terra_fw-la ex_fw-la scripto_fw-la say_v haereditatem_fw-la vero_fw-la temporibus_fw-la illis_fw-la non_fw-la quemadmodum_fw-la apud_fw-la nos_fw-la solus_fw-la aetate_fw-la maximus_fw-la adibat_fw-la verum_fw-la ad_fw-la filios_fw-la omnes_fw-la aequaliter_fw-la fundus_fw-la lege_fw-la veniebat_fw-la quod_fw-la illi_fw-la viz._n saxones_n land_n fcyftan_n dixerunt_fw-la &_o cantii_n hac_fw-la nostra_fw-la memoria_fw-la eodem_fw-la vocabulo_fw-la to_o shift_n land_n id_fw-la est_fw-la herciscere_fw-la &_o fundum_fw-la partiri_fw-la appellant_n by_o which_o it_o seem_v the_o proper_a kentish_a word_n be_v shifting-land_n as_o by_o this_o glossators_n judgement_n who_o i_o understand_v be_v a_o kentishman_n which_o if_o so_o let_v they_o be_v content_a with_o their_o saxon_a land-shifting_a and_o let_v we_o alone_o with_o our_o gavel_n unless_o they_o will_v be_v please_v to_o own_o their_o true_a briton_n true_a the_o briton_n patron_n the_o law_n i_o confess_v that_o i_o have_v late_o cite_v do_v rather_o glance_v upon_o the_o custom_n of_o partition_n because_o it_o be_v suppose_v and_o take_v for_o grant_v that_o that_o custom_n be_v so_o paramount_n that_o there_o be_v little_a need_n of_o express_v thereof_o which_o lie_v so_o couch_v there_o as_o it_o do_v among_o the_o welsh_a law_n and_o be_v like_o our_o common_a law_n know_v to_o all_o yet_o not_o express_v general_o receive_v yet_o not_o write_v in_o the_o 78_o page_n of_o mr._n s._n we_o be_v still_o upon_o the_o tenure_n in_o question_n be_v cite_v davies_n his_o report_n of_o the_o irish_a custom_n de_fw-fr gavel-kind_n which_o book_n i_o have_v see_v and_o to_o it_o i_o say_v if_o the_o irish_a know_v the_o word_n by_o which_o davies_n denominate_v the_o custom_n among_o they_o it_o further_o confirm_v i_o in_o my_o opinion_n of_o the_o british_a etymology_n thereof_o ignoratur_fw-la thereof_o seld._n mare_n claus_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 1._o scotland_n and_o ireland_n be_v ancient_o repute_v britain_n hiberma_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d dicta_fw-la est_fw-la ptolomaeo_n mahumedes_n acharranides_n arab_n mathematicus_fw-la egregius_fw-la qui_fw-la ante_fw-la annos_fw-la 900._o floruit_fw-la terrae_fw-la latitudinem_fw-la inquit_fw-la observantes_fw-la à _fw-la loco_fw-la lineae_fw-la aequalitatis_fw-la aequinoctialis_fw-la versus_fw-la septentrionalem_fw-la partem_fw-la insula_fw-la tile_n quae_fw-la est_fw-la in_o britannia_fw-la ubi_fw-la est_fw-la majoris_fw-la diei_fw-la longitudo_fw-la 20._o herarum_fw-la eam_fw-la determinari_fw-la deprehenderunt_fw-la eriam_fw-la &_o alii_fw-la thulen_n pro_fw-la ipsa_fw-la britannia_fw-la usurpacunt_fw-la seu_fw-la anglia_fw-it &_o albategnius_n de_fw-fr oceano_fw-la quà _fw-la ab_fw-la hispanis_n respicitur_fw-la verba_fw-la faciens_fw-la in_o co_fw-la inquit_fw-la à _fw-la septentrionali_fw-la parte_fw-la sunt_fw-la
insulae_fw-la britannicae_n quae_fw-la sunt_fw-la xii_o &_o post_fw-la haec_fw-la ab_fw-la inhabitationibus_fw-la elongatur_fw-la &_o quo_fw-la procedat_fw-la ignoratur_fw-la for_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o two_o language_n be_v not_o so_o great_a but_o that_o we_o may_v upon_o good_a reason_n believe_v they_o be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o ancient_o nor_o so_o great_a a_o dissonancy_n at_o this_o day_n between_o they_o but_o that_o the_o footstep_n of_o a_o former_a union_n may_v easy_o be_v observe_v and_o 19_o and_o mr._n selden_n observe_v a_o little_a of_o the_o use_n in_o the_o defusedness_n of_o the_o ancient_a language_n say_v corwallensea_n in_fw-it anglia_fw-it linguâ_fw-la semper_fw-la usi_fw-la sunt_fw-la cambro-britannicâ_a saltem_fw-la velut_fw-la dialecto_fw-la variatâ_fw-la uti_fw-la etiam_fw-la aremorici_n in_fw-la galliis_fw-la manniae_fw-la item_n insulae_fw-la incolae_fw-la hibernicâ_fw-la unde_fw-la tamen_fw-la nemo_fw-la est_fw-la hominum_fw-la qui_fw-la velit_fw-la sequi_fw-la aut_fw-la hanc_fw-la angliae_fw-la regibus_fw-la quâ_fw-la hiberniae_fw-la sive_fw-la domini_fw-la sive_fw-la reges_fw-la fuerint_fw-la parere_fw-la aut_fw-la illos_fw-la ex_fw-la cambro-britannici_a principatû_fw-fr jure_fw-la aliqâ_n principibus_fw-la suis_fw-la subjacere_fw-la marc_n claus_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 19_o the_o progress_n of_o language_n be_v a_o thing_n very_o well_o worth_a the_o observat_fw-la on_o for_o by_o sundry_a discourse_n with_o several_a intelligent_a person_n concern_v in_o the_o language_n and_o somewhat_o upon_o my_o own_o observation_n i_o can_v make_v it_o out_o that_o if_o one_o of_o base_a britanny_n meet_v a_o cornish-man_n that_o speak_v the_o cornish_a they_o with_o small_a difficulty_n will_v each_o understand_v the_o other_o the_o very_a denomination_n of_o that_o country_n be_v british_a for_o armorica_n be_v derive_v from_o at_o mor_n which_o have_v no_o signification_n but_o from_o the_o welsh_a and_o be_v upon_o or_o near_o the_o sea_n with_o which_o the_o situation_n also_o agree_v let_v a_o cornish-man_n pass_v into_o wales_n he_o will_v understand_v the_o welsh_a and_o be_v understand_v of_o they_o a_o welshman_n meet_v with_o a_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o man_n that_o speak_v the_o manc-language_n both_o of_o they_o will_v understand_v one_o the_o other_o meaning_n a_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o isle_n a_o menavian_n meet_v in_o ireland_n among_o the_o irish_a a_o agreeable_a intelligence_n and_o the_o irish_a with_o great_a facility_n communicate_v with_o the_o high-land_n scot_n in_o their_o several_a dialect_n intelligible_o so_o that_o animadvert_v this_o progression_n as_o i_o have_v link_v they_o much_o may_v be_v infer_v of_o original_n custom_n and_o manner_n among_o all_o of_o they_o have_v find_v the_o footstep_n of_o gavel-kind_n by_o the_o saxon_n deduce_v to_o the_o norman_n and_o not_o alter_v by_o they_o concern_v which_o i_o have_v be_v large_a before_o and_o in_o my_o next_o chapter_n show_v chap._n xv._o that_o in_o the_o term_n gavelkynd_n be_v not_o partition_n of_o free_a socage_n and_o other_o custom_n concern_v gavelkynd_n extra_fw-la cantium_n of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o law_n of_o howel-dha_a that_o in_o the_o term_n viz._n gavelkynd_n there_o be_v not_o any_o partition_n be_v plain_a both_o by_o what_o mr._n s._n apprehend_v of_o it_o think_v it_o to_o be_v derive_v from_o rent_n and_o to_o signify_v genus_fw-la gabli_fw-la vel_fw-la redditus_fw-la nor_o by_o what_o i_o have_v give_v in_o and_o exhit_v for_o my_o sentence_n that_o it_o signify_v tenura_n the_o âenure_n per_fw-la eminentiam_fw-la of_o the_o family_n or_o genus_fw-la tenurae_fw-la and_o so_o consequent_o may_v serve_v for_o a_o answer_n to_o one_o part_n of_o the_o question_n put_v by_o mr._n s._n in_o his_o 42d._o page_n where_o he_o say_v our_o next_o enquiry_n shall_v be_v whether_o partition_n owe_v itself_o to_o gavelkind_n either_o ex_fw-la vi_fw-la termini_fw-la or_o ratione_fw-la rei_fw-la and_o give_v his_o opinion_n with_o i_o that_o ex_fw-la vi_fw-la termini_fw-la partition_n do_v not_o owe_v itself_o to_o gavelkynd_n and_o in_o some_o considerable_a case_n it_o be_v not_o enforce_v in_o the_o very_a use_n of_o it_o for_o in_o case_n a_o father_n die_v possess_v or_o seize_v of_o such_o partible_a gavel-kynd-land_n and_o leave_v but_o one_o son_n behind_o he_o this_o land_n be_v not_o then_o to_o be_v part_v which_o if_o it_o have_v be_v ex_fw-la vi_fw-la termini_fw-la it_o must_v have_v either_o cease_v its_o use_n and_o force_n or_o else_o there_o must_v have_v be_v find_v out_o some_o other_o near_o relation_n with_o who_o the_o sole_a heir_n have_v be_v constrain_v to_o a_o partition_n the_o like_a whereof_o i_o can_v never_o read_v or_o hear_v be_v ever_o do_v this_o be_v very_o well_o understand_v by_o littleton_n 265._o lib._n 3._o sect._n 265._o and_o explain_v by_o sir_n edward_n coke_n in_o that_o chapter_n of_o parcener_n per_fw-la le_fw-fr custom_n for_o son_n say_v sir_n edward_n be_v parcener_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o fee_n or_o inheritance_n and_o not_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o person_n as_o daughter_n and_o sister_n be_v etc._n etc._n and_o out_o of_o bracton_n cit_v this_o et_fw-la sunt_fw-la participes_fw-la quasi_fw-la partem_fw-la capientes_fw-la etc._n etc._n ratione_fw-la ipsius_fw-la rei_fw-la quae_fw-la partibilis_fw-la est_fw-la &_o non_fw-la ratione_fw-la personarum_fw-la quae_fw-la non_fw-la sunt_fw-la quasi_fw-la unus_fw-la haeres_fw-la &_o unum_fw-la corpus_fw-la sed_fw-la diversi_fw-la haeredes_fw-la ubi_fw-la tenementum_fw-la partibile_fw-la est_fw-la inter_fw-la plures_fw-la cohaeredes_fw-la petentes_fw-la qui_fw-la descendunt_fw-la de_fw-fr eodem_fw-la stipite_fw-la semper_fw-la solent_fw-la dividi_fw-la ab_fw-la antiquo_fw-la for_o such_o land_n belong_v to_o a_o family_n relate_v only_o to_o the_o male_n in_o case_n of_o their_o existency_n but_o if_o not_o then_o to_o the_o female_n so_o also_o we_o have_v it_o observe_v by_o glanvil_n who_o denominate_v such_o as_o hold_v by_o this_o tenure_n of_o partition_n liberi_fw-la sokemanni_n of_o who_o he_o write_v quibus_fw-la mortuis_fw-la dividetur_fw-la hereditas_fw-la inter_fw-la omnes_fw-la filios_fw-la si_fw-la fuerit_fw-la socagium_fw-la &_o id_fw-la antiquitùs_fw-la divisum_fw-la salvo_fw-la tamen_fw-la capitali_fw-la messuagio_fw-it primogenito_fw-la pro_fw-la dignitate_fw-la aesneciae_fw-la suae_fw-la ita_fw-la tamen_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o aliis_fw-la rebus_fw-la satisfaciet_fw-la aliis_fw-la ad_fw-la valentiam_fw-la si_fw-mi vero_fw-la non_fw-la fuerit_fw-la antiquitùs_fw-la divisum_fw-la tunc_fw-la primogenitus_fw-la secundùm_fw-la quorundam_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la totam_fw-la haereditatem_fw-la obtinebit_fw-la secundùm_fw-la autem_fw-la quorundam_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la postnatus_fw-la filius_fw-la heres_fw-la est_fw-la i_o shall_v not_o enforce_v any_o thing_n from_o the_o custom_n of_o preference_n of_o primogeniture_n to_o socage_n land_n which_o be_v such_o as_o be_v non_fw-fr antiquitùs_fw-la divisae_fw-la and_o those_o to_o be_v but_o secundùm_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la quorundam_fw-la which_o expression_n signify_v a_o diminution_n both_o in_o respect_n of_o age_n and_o community_n nor_o of_o the_o tenure_n which_o we_o call_v burgh-english_a which_o whether_o bring_v in_o by_o the_o saxon_n because_o of_o its_o name_n i_o can_v tell_v but_o concern_v that_o which_o glanvil_n set_v down_o as_o the_o most_o common_a custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o most_o ancient_a as_o in_o his_o time_n it_o be_v receive_v to_o be_v and_o the_o intent_n of_o his_o paragraph_n which_o be_v to_o counter-distinguish_a the_o tenure_n of_o this_o partible_a land_n from_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o military_a fee_n where_o the_o elder_a son_n in_o england_n still_o inherit_v of_o which_o sort_n there_o be_v not_o so_o many_o when_o william_n the_o conqueror_n take_v his_o survey_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o after_o time_n do_v bring_v they_o unto_o when_o that_o no_o land_n be_v permit_v to_o be_v hold_v free_a from_o the_o military_a tenure_n not_o except_v the_o very_a land_n of_o the_o church_n but_o he_o be_v so_o plain_a i_o shall_v not_o trouble_v you_o with_o a_o comment_n and_o return_v to_o the_o subject_n of_o this_o chapter_n which_o be_v that_o partition_n ex_fw-la vi_fw-la termini_fw-la do_v not_o owe_v itself_o to_o gavelkind_n no_o rather_o gavel-kind_n to_o partition_n for_o i_o believe_v when_o at_o first_o this_o partition_n be_v use_v and_o receive_v into_o a_o common_a custom_n those_o user_n be_v enforce_v and_o oblige_v to_o find_v and_o invent_v a_o word_n by_o which_o their_o custom_n may_v be_v intelligible_o express_v rather_o than_o to_o make_v a_o custom_n to_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n but_o where_o the_o custom_n of_o divide_v under_o the_o title_n and_o term_n of_o gavel-kind_n be_v once_o receive_v and_o settle_v with_o its_o appurtenance_n there_o it_o infer_v partition_n and_o pass_v as_o a_o common_a law_n not_o only_o in_o kent_n but_o in_o christendom_n also_o to_o what_o mr._n s._n say_v by_o way_n of_o objection_n out_o of_o bracton_n that_o he_o be_v express_v for_o a_o partition_n ratione_fw-la rei_fw-la vel_fw-la ratione_fw-la terrae_fw-la if_o by_o it_o relation_n
board_n or_o table_n and_o cotarii_fw-la be_v cottager_n such_o as_o dwell_v in_o a_o cottage_n 1._o cottage_n anno_fw-la 4._o ed._n 1._o stat._n 1._o that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o house_n without_o land_n belong_v to_o it_o and_o come_v from_o the_o saxon_a word_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d which_o be_v the_o same_o with_o tugurium_fw-la and_o tectum_fw-la in_o latin_a a_o âegendo_fw-la so_o as_o this_o be_v in_o signification_n a_o cover_n or_o shelter_n because_o those_o small_a habitation_n be_v only_o make_v to_o cover_v they_o from_o the_o sun_n and_o weather_n i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a of_o that_o great_a mistake_n the_o whole_a current_n of_o writer_n have_v run_v into_o those_o who_o work_n have_v be_v publish_v within_o these_o last_o 300_o year_n where_o they_o general_o endeavour_v to_o load_v all_o the_o indignity_n of_o tenor_n of_o servility_n and_o vassalage_n upon_o this_o norman_a change_n i_o deny_v not_o but_o that_o some_o be_v at_o that_o time_n introduce_v especial_o many_o jocular_a tenor_n which_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o private_a contract_n betwixt_o the_o lord_n and_o his_o tenant_n and_o not_o of_o any_o general_a concernment_n but_o hence_o i_o can_v yield_v to_o conclude_v that_o all_o tenor_n of_o servility_n be_v of_o their_o introduction_n mr._n s._n continue_v in_o his_o opinion_n in_o the_o 104_o page_n where_o he_o write_v that_o fee-simple_n fee-tayl_n fee-farm_n grand_a &_o petit_fw-fr serjeanty_n escuage_z burgage_n villeinage_n etc._n etc._n be_v all_o of_o the_o norman_a plantation_n and_o we_o by_o they_o say_v he_o at_o least_o since_o their_o conquest_n of_o we_o bring_v acquaint_v with_o they_o etc._n etc._n perhaps_o those_o compound_n may_v be_v the_o effect_n of_o the_o consultation_n of_o some_o of_o the_o king_n of_o the_o norman_a race_n but_o for_o the_o word_n fee_n minshew_n discourse_v very_o well_o upon_o it_o for_o say_v he_o our_o ancient_a lawyer_n either_o not_o observe_v from_o whence_o the_o word_n 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his_o 114._o page_n cit_v a_o old_a version_n of_o the_o 19_o and_o 21._o of_o king_n ina_n law_n of_o the_o word_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d which_o be_v make_v thereby_o to_o signify_v villanus_fw-la or_o colonus_n and_o it_o be_v convict_v by_o domesdey_n book_n survey_v in_o sudsexe_n thus_o radulfus_n tenet_fw-la de_fw-fr willielmo_n viz._n de_fw-mi warene_n bristelmestune_n brictric_n tenuit_fw-la de_fw-la dono_fw-la godwini_fw-la comitis_fw-la t._n r._n e._n &_o modo_fw-la se_fw-la defendit_fw-la pro_fw-la v._n hide_v &_o dim_a tran_n est_fw-la iii_o car_n in_o dnino_fw-la est_fw-la dimid_n car_fw-fr &_o xviii_o villain_n &_o ix_o bordarii_fw-la cum_fw-la iii_o car_n &_o uno_fw-la servo_fw-la de_fw-fr gablo_fw-mi iv_o milia_fw-la alletium_fw-la in_o eadem_fw-la villa_n tenet_fw-la widardus_fw-la de_fw-fr willo_n vi_o hide_v &_o unam_fw-la vs._n &_o proâtanto_fw-la se_fw-la defendit_fw-la tres_n aloarn_v tenuerunt_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la edwardo_n &_o potuerunt_fw-la ire_n 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their_o name_n by_o which_o i_o believe_v they_o be_v of_o a_o very_a ancient_a stand_n for_o that_o i_o find_v they_o know_v by_o the_o britain_n by_o that_o title_n as_o they_o be_v often_o mention_v in_o the_o law_n of_o howel-dha_a in_o a_o law_n which_o before_o in_o this_o ãâã_d i_o mention_v be_v notice_n take_v of_o a_o king_n villain_n and_o of_o a_o nobleman_n villain_n and_o then_o another_o that_o give_v a_o right_a to_o the_o foster-children_n of_o divide_v land_n with_o the_o child_n of_o the_o villain_n but_o a_o little_a more_o plain_o to_o bring_v the_o proof_n in_o those_o law_n it_o be_v demonstrate_v how_o that_o tres_fw-la homines_fw-la promoveri_fw-la possunt_fw-la uâa_fw-la die_v that_o be_v to_o say_v as_o i_o guess_v it_o they_o be_v make_v gentleman_n in_o one_o day_n here_o you_o must_v take_v the_o latin_a as_o i_o find_v it_o captivus_fw-la si_fw-la movetus_fw-la in_o swyd_n de_fw-fr xxiv_o officialibus_fw-la swyd_n be_v dignitas_fw-la dignity_n so_o that_o 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omnes_fw-la homines_fw-la de_fw-la ea_fw-la postea_fw-la sunt_fw-la liberi_fw-la that_o
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degree_n ne_o might_n again_o among_o the_o same_o law_n for_o forfeiture_n for_o burn_a of_o house_n it_o be_v thus_o provide_v that_o for_o the_o burn_a of_o odin_n regis_n dimid_n libre_fw-la optimatis_fw-la lx._n den_n villani_n regis_fw-la xxx_o den_n villani_n optimatis_fw-la xxiv_o den_n hoc_fw-la de_fw-la illis_fw-la est_fw-la intelligendum_fw-la qui_fw-fr piben_fw-ge habent_fw-la de_fw-la aliis_fw-la tercia_fw-la pars_fw-la pretii_fw-la cadit_fw-la for_o the_o understanding_n whereof_o that_o odin_n be_v translate_v formax_n which_o in_o this_o place_n signify_v a_o kilne_n wherewith_o to_o make_v malt_n because_o that_o piben_fw-ge signify_v a_o kilne-hole_n the_o burn_a of_o which_o sort_n of_o kilne_n be_v that_o which_o be_v here_o mean_v which_o unless_o it_o have_v a_o kilne-hole_n the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o prescribe_a forfeiture_n decrease_v that_o which_o i_o cause_v it_o to_o shoot_v quite_o blank_a against_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o no_o villain_n before_o the_o conquest_n which_o this_o law_n show_v to_o the_o contrary_a in_o give_v you_o a_o account_n of_o such_o even_a at_o this_o time_n of_o the_o collection_n of_o these_o law_n kingsvillein_n and_o noblemens-villeins_a in_o another_o law_n it_o be_v that_o si_fw-mi filia_fw-la villani_n eat_v in_o rapinam_fw-la cum_fw-la aliquo_fw-la postea_fw-la ab_fw-la eodem_fw-la sit_fw-la repudiata_fw-la reddat_fw-la ãâã_d animalia_fw-la tria_fw-la supradicte_n etatis_fw-la another_o law_n provide_v what_o the_o wife_n of_o a_o nobleman_n may_v bestow_v without_o her_o husband_n consent_n and_o what_o she_o may_v lend_v without_o his_o consent_n but_o enact_v that_o uxor_fw-la villani_n nichil_fw-la potest_fw-la dare_v sine_fw-la lioentia_fw-la villani_n nec_fw-la mitram_fw-la nec_fw-la aliquod_fw-la accommodare_fw-la nisi_fw-la cribrum_fw-la tam_fw-la long_o quod_fw-la vox_fw-la ejus_fw-la possit_fw-la audiri_fw-la stans_fw-la in_o limine_fw-la domû_v sue_v dum_fw-la clamat_fw-la propter_fw-la illud_fw-la all_o these_o law_n be_v of_o several_a concernment_n but_o do_v all_o express_o prove_v villeinage_n above_o one_o hundred_o year_n before_o the_o norman_a conquest_n and_o so_o by_o what_o i_o have_v say_v before_o concern_v the_o law_n of_o howel-dda_a probable_o to_o be_v a_o ancient_a british_a usage_n for_o the_o word_n clown_n think_v to_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o latin_a word_n colonus_n from_o whenâe_n also_o be_v the_o british_a word_n klw_v and_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o dutch_a word_n boer_n which_o by_o a_o syncope_n be_v use_v for_o bouwer_n from_o the_o word_n bouwen_n id_fw-la est_fw-la arare_fw-la colere_fw-la agrum_fw-la as_o minshew_n have_v it_o what_o reproach_n can_v there_o probable_o be_v in_o that_o denomination_n yet_o now_o what_o ignominy_n do_v it_o carry_v with_o it_o the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v of_o the_o last_o which_o be_v call_v paganus_fw-la in_o latin_a but_o in_o english_a pain_n which_o become_v a_o surname_n to_o a_o family_n and_o a_o christian_a name_n to_o several_a great_a person_n but_o minshew_n have_v this_o story_n of_o the_o original_a of_o the_o name_n which_o carry_v in_o my_o judgement_n no_o great_a store_n of_o probability_n with_o it_o but_o as_o it_o be_v i_o will_v transcribe_v it_o under_o the_o word_n pagan_a he_o say_v a_o judaeis_n defluxâssââmos_fw-la hic_fw-la &_o appellatio_fw-la rei_fw-la videtur_fw-la cum_fw-la enim_fw-la inter_fw-la judaeos_fw-la hâerosolyma_n tantum_fw-la civitas_fw-la erat_fw-la nullisque_fw-la nisi_fw-la judaeis_n ad_fw-la illam_fw-la dabatur_fw-la accessus_fw-la reliqur_n own_v hebraeis_n erant_fw-la pagani_n in_o pagis_fw-la quasi_fw-la extra_fw-la cioitatem_fw-la &_o populum_fw-la dei_fw-la constituti_fw-la &_o out_o of_o the_o eight_o book_n of_o isid_n he_o bring_v another_o story_n much_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n pagani_n inquie_n ex_fw-la ââagis_fw-la atheniensium_fw-la dicti_fw-la ubi_fw-la exorti_fw-la sunt_fw-la ibi_fw-la enim_fw-la in_o locis_fw-la agrestibus_fw-la &_o pagis_fw-la gentile_n lucos_fw-la idolaque_fw-la statuerunt_fw-la &_o a_o tali_fw-la inilio_fw-la vocabulum_fw-la sortitisunt_fw-la i_o be_o persuade_v that_o paganus_fw-la come_v from_o pagus_n but_o i_o find_v that_o cyflifc_n the_o saxon_a pagan_n have_v great_a priveleges_n than_o a_o villain_n for_o that_o he_o be_v bind_v to_o military_a service_n as_o in_o the_o 52_o and_o 64_o law_n of_o king_n ina_n which_o for_o brevity_n sake_n i_o shall_v pass_v by_o only_o take_v notice_n that_o of_o all_o such_o denomination_n there_o have_v rise_v term_n of_o disgrace_n which_o be_v not_o so_o in_o the_o first_o usage_n thereof_o so_o be_v it_o familiar_o give_v to_o we_o concern_v the_o common_a denomination_n of_o the_o term_n knave_n which_o be_v a_o word_n take_v from_o the_o britain_n who_o call_v a_o household_n servant_n or_o rather_o such_o a_o one_o as_o attend_v upon_o the_o person_n of_o another_o in_o their_o language_n knaf_n and_o be_v also_o one_o that_o be_v not_o yet_o proper_o say_v to_o be_v a_o man_n but_o be_v betwixt_o a_o boy_n and_o a_o man_n in_o the_o sense_n of_o a_o servant_n it_o be_v use_v in_o stat._n 1._o cap._n 3._o an._n 14_o ed._n 3._o but_o in_o its_o corruption_n and_o as_o it_o be_v now_o receive_v it_o be_v a_o word_n of_o great_a disgrace_n and_o express_v one_o that_o falsify_v his_o trust_n christ_n m_o s._n obit_n eccles_n heref_o penes_fw-la authorem_fw-la paul_n in_o our_o elder_a translation_n be_v render_v the_o knave_n of_o jesus_n christ_n to_o express_v that_o which_o we_o now_o read_v the_o servant_n of_o jesus_n christ_n in_o a_o old_a obit_n book_n that_o i_o have_v former_o belong_v to_o the_o church_n of_o hereford_n there_o be_v mention_n of_o a_o benefactor_n call_v simon_n gods-ânave_a from_o who_o i_o believe_v at_o this_o day_n a_o certain_a place_n in_o the_o city_n of_o hereford_n be_v call_v gods-knave-inne_n which_o certain_o have_v no_o more_o in_o the_o signification_n than_o the_o servant_n of_o god_n by_o this_o we_o see_v that_o from_o such_o like_a word_n and_o denomination_n as_o these_o be_v surname_n be_v derive_v though_o it_o may_v now_o seem_v strange_a to_o we_o to_o meet_v with_o such_o appellation_n it_o appear_v that_o they_o be_v not_o so_o curious_a of_o procure_v excellent_a one_o to_o transmit_v to_o their_o posterity_n but_o accept_v of_o any_o serious_a or_o jocular_a some_o from_o shape_n of_o body_n other_o from_o quality_n of_o the_o mind_n some_o from_o trade_n office_n etc._n etc._n but_o i_o can_v let_v that_o pass_n without_o notice_n which_o for_o a_o surname_n i_o meet_v with_o in_o the_o second_o volume_n of_o domesdey_n in_o the_o survey_n of_o the_o connty_n of_o essex_n be_v there_o register_v as_o one_o of_o the_o trans_n tenentes_fw-la of_o that_o county_n where_o it_o be_v thus_o record_v 53._o record_v the_o land_n of_o roger_n god_n save_o the_o lady_n for_o the_o word_n domina_fw-la say_v judge_n dodaridge_n in_o his_o treatise_n of_o the_o baron_n pag._n 151._o signify_v lady_n or_o dame_n so_o woman_n after_o
order_v their_o own_o land_n and_o tenement_n one_o part_n they_o keep_v in_o their_o own_o hand_n and_o in_o they_o stately_a house_n and_o castle_n be_v erect_v and_o make_v for_o their_o habitation_n and_o defence_n of_o their_o person_n and_o the_o realm_n also_o forest_n and_o park_n be_v make_v there_o for_o the_o pleasure_n solace_n and_o delight_n some_o be_v of_o a_o round_a building_n of_o stone_n for_o the_o most_o part_n build_v upon_o a_o round_a pile_n of_o earth_n either_o natural_a but_o most_o common_o cast_v up_o by_o man_n industry_n other_o upon_o a_o small_a rise_n or_o a_o plain_a ground_n seldom_o more_o capacious_a than_o to_o receive_v about_o twenty_o or_o thirty_o man_n and_o be_v make_v rather_o to_o preserve_v the_o person_n and_o good_n of_o the_o owner_n and_o his_o servant_n and_o tenant_n than_o to_o endure_v a_o long_a siege_n of_o which_o sort_n there_o be_v many_o in_o ireland_n because_o of_o their_o ancient_a intestine_a feud_n but_o more_o upon_o the_o english_a and_o scotish_n border_n many_o of_o which_o i_o have_v see_v but_o with_o this_o difference_n as_o i_o say_v before_o that_o those_o the_o english_a do_v ancient_o build_v be_v round_o and_o these_o for_o the_o most_o part_n square_v with_o one_o round_a tower_n at_o one_o of_o the_o angle_n both_o sort_n of_o which_o be_v ancient_o call_v fortalice_n and_o seldom_o make_v use_n of_o for_o habitation_n because_o i_o find_v their_o mean_a dwell_v house_n be_v make_v common_o under_o it_o or_o very_o near_o adjoin_v to_o it_o and_o i_o discern_v a_o difference_n make_v betwixt_o those_o for_o habitation_n and_o those_o i_o speak_v of_o that_o be_v only_o for_o a_o safeguard_n against_o sudden_a inroad_n and_o incursion_n for_o in_o domesdey_n book_n in_o the_o survey_n of_o erdisley_n in_o herefordshire_n it_o be_v there_o record_v that_o ibi_fw-la est_fw-la domus_fw-la defensabilis_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v there_o be_v a_o dwell_a house_n fortify_v which_o be_v now_o call_v the_o castle_n of_o erdisley_n and_o be_v build_v because_o of_o its_o vicinity_n to_o the_o welsh_a border_n and_o be_v intend_v by_o that_o denomination_n to_o signify_v more_o than_o one_o of_o those_o small_a casty_n or_o fortalice_n i_o late_o speak_v of_o these_o be_v the_o strength_n and_o fortification_n of_o those_o time_n most_o frequent_o in_o use_n i_o come_v last_o to_o speak_v of_o their_o building_n in_o which_o there_o be_v something_o of_o a_o advantageous_a or_o at_o least_o a_o honourable_a change_n by_o the_o difference_n that_o be_v in_o the_o mode_n of_o they_o i_o must_v confess_v the_o norman_a manner_n be_v very_o noble_a and_o magnificent_a which_o by_o their_o church_n may_v be_v observe_v for_o the_o saxon_n make_v they_o with_o descent_n into_o they_o the_o norman_n with_o ascent_n the_o first_o make_v their_o light_n small_a and_o mean_a the_o second_o make_v they_o high_a and_o large_a these_o make_v their_o arch_n stately_a with_o height_n proportionable_a the_o other_o have_v their_o arch_n and_o cover_n low_a and_o make_v their_o wall_n of_o so_o great_a a_o thickness_n that_o they_o be_v a_o great_a damage_n and_o impediment_n to_o the_o pleasure_n of_o their_o light_n when_o the_o norman_n make_v use_v of_o no_o great_a thickness_n or_o breadth_n in_o their_o wall_n than_o will_v but_o well_o serve_v to_o bear_v their_o height_n and_o cover_v in_o the_o ancient_a form_n of_o the_o saxon_n before_o mention_v i_o have_v observe_v several_a church_n and_o piece_n of_o other_o architecture_n their_o entrance_n especial_o in_o their_o west-end_n by_o descent_n inward_o with_o arch_n form_v to_o correspond_v with_o those_o gradual_a declension_n and_o step_n all_o which_o shorten_v towards_o the_o great_a door_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o stair_n over_o which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v a_o finish_n of_o a_o semicircular_a piece_n of_o gothick_n work_n and_o together_o make_v a_o kind_n of_o a_o artificial_a perspective_n i_o have_v hitherto_o endeavour_v in_o this_o tract_n to_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o for_o the_o space_n of_o 1700._o year_n past_a we_o receive_v no_o considerable_a mutation_n or_o alteration_n in_o our_o law_n and_o custom_n that_o this_o our_o tenure_n the_o subject_n of_o our_o present_a discourse_n have_v have_v the_o fortune_n to_o continue_v here_o from_o our_o british_n aborigines_fw-la the_o first_o planter_n of_o our_o isle_n through_o those_o several_a change_n and_o revolution_n of_o affair_n and_o government_n that_o have_v happen_v to_o it_o since_o that_o time_n and_o although_o in_o this_o discourse_n precede_v i_o may_v be_v think_v to_o have_v walk_v a_o little_a beside_o the_o path_n yet_o i_o be_o persuade_v i_o have_v not_o miss_v the_o way_n but_o keep_v and_o preserve_v the_o goal_n in_o my_o eye_n those_o alteration_n that_o be_v now_o find_v as_o to_o the_o general_a usage_n of_o this_o tenure_n which_o be_v the_o supereminent_a custom_n of_o this_o nation_n proceed_v not_o at_o all_o from_o any_o enforcement_n or_o coercion_n by_o reason_n of_o any_o of_o these_o forementioned_a intrusion_n or_o conquest_n but_o clear_o by_o the_o consent_n and_o desire_v of_o the_o proprietor_n and_o person_n therein_o concern_v for_o in_o the_o county_n of_o kent_n where_o mr._n s._n say_v this_o tenure_n do_v general_o overspread_v there_o i_o say_v in_o the_o time_n of_o hen._n 8._o several_a lordship_n be_v discharge_v of_o this_o tenure_n by_o act_n of_o parliament_n i_o have_v not_o all_o this_o while_n plead_v for_o the_o settlement_n or_o goodness_n of_o the_o tenure_n to_o be_v use_v in_o this_o age_n where_o land_n be_v well_o people_v and_o full_o inhabit_a for_o it_o will_v be_v the_o destruction_n both_o of_o land_n and_o lineage_n but_o my_o business_n have_v be_v to_o inquire_v into_o the_o state_n of_o the_o question_n the_o true_a original_a etymology_n and_o use_v thereof_o the_o people_n of_o england_n by_o degree_n have_v inextricate_v themselves_o from_o much_o servitude_n in_o their_o custom_n and_o be_v now_o instate_v into_o a_o great_a privilege_n of_o liberty_n and_o more_o particular_o from_o those_o heavy_a pressure_n of_o villeinage_n the_o slavery_n of_o which_o custom_n have_v receive_v its_o death_n wound_n in_o favorem_fw-la libertatis_fw-la for_o sir_n edward_n coke_n out_o of_o fortescue_n have_v this_o note_n impius_fw-la &_o crudelis_fw-la judicandus_fw-la qui_fw-la libertati_fw-la non_fw-la tavet_fw-la and_o give_v this_o as_o the_o reason_n of_o it_o angliae_fw-la jura_fw-la in_o omni_fw-la casu_fw-la daunt_v favorem_fw-la libertati_fw-la the_o sense_n of_o liberty_n be_v of_o so_o great_a force_n and_o power_n and_o the_o favour_n due_a unto_o it_o according_a to_o law_n and_o right_n of_o so_o great_a respect_n that_o those_o and_o the_o like_a pressure_n have_v receive_v change_n and_o alteration_n and_o by_o the_o same_o power_n and_o equity_n join_v with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o proprietor_n it_o be_v so_o come_v to_o pass_v also_o that_o this_o our_o gavelkind_n in_o most_o place_n of_o england_n be_v turn_v into_o the_o preference_n of_o primogeniture_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o house_n and_o land_n the_o next_o chapter_n shall_v inquire_v though_o it_o seem_v to_o return_v far_o back_o whether_o we_o have_v any_o ground_n to_o believe_v that_o the_o chap._n v._n trojan_z britain_n use_v the_o tenure_n of_o partition_n i_o can_v not_o pass_v by_o without_o take_v notice_n of_o a_o marginal_a question_n that_o mr._n s._n make_v in_o pag._n 54._o and_o it_o be_v this_o by_o the_o way_n say_v he_o how_o do_v our_o britain_n claim_n descent_n from_o the_o trojan_n sith_o with_o they_o the_o elder_a son_n by_o prerogative_n of_o primogeniture_n monopolise_v the_o whole_a inheritance_n i_o know_v not_o what_o author_n mr._n s._n have_v meet_v with_o that_o he_o affirm_v so_o positive_o with_o our_o britain_n the_o elder_a son_n do_v monopolise_v all_o if_o he_o sith_o with_o they_o relate_v to_o the_o trojan_n i_o have_v nothing_o then_o leave_v to_o answer_v to_o it_o nor_o do_v i_o think_v it_o worth_a the_o while_n to_o concern_v myself_o therein_o believe_v that_o neither_o dare_v phrygius_n nor_o dictys_n cretensis_n nor_o homer_n nor_o any_o other_o pretend_v trojan_a writer_n do_v intermeddle_v in_o the_o relation_n of_o descent_n but_o i_o be_o persuade_v it_o must_v have_v reference_n to_o the_o britain_n and_o that_o to_o they_o it_o be_v that_o he_o say_v sith_o with_o they_o the_o elder_a son_n monopolize_v etc._n etc._n and_o notwithstanding_o i_o have_v some_o inducement_n to_o believe_v that_o mr._n s._n ask_v the_o question_n how_o our_o britain_n claim_n descent_n from_o the_o trojan_n in_o merriment_n and_o jest_n yet_o in_o their_o defence_n to_o that_o very_a question_n there_o may_v so_o much_o be_v say_v which_o will_v carry_v a_o great_a probability_n than_o any_o