and Vant-curryers before him to discover whither the coast were cleere or whereabouts Partees of the enemies now where And defeated But yet the King had some muskettiers that followed him though perchance they had not all this while kept pace in the march with him The Swedish falling fowle of some of Sparrs troopes was charged and rowted by them and himselfe taken prisoner He being brought unto Sparre Where 's the King saies he At hand answeres the Major What Forces brings he with him certaine troopes of Horse quoth the other Hath he no Muskettiers saies Sparre No answeres the Swede Then certainly it is the King said Sparre and hee shall presently fall into my fingers The King having heard the peeces goe off in the former conflict had doubled his march upon it and was comne so neere by this time that he met his owne men flying and the Walsteiners giuing chase unto them The King riding up 〈◊〉 his men with his drawne sword in his hand returnes their lost courages into them and them into the Battell Not many charges passed betwixt the King and the enemies Horse but that the face of the skirmish began to be altered insomuch that the Imperiall Horse and Crabats were to be briefe quite rowted and defeated The Horse of Gonzagaes Regiment play the pultrons and ranne away whereupon Gonzaga himselfe notwithstanding he be Cosin unto the Empresse was at his comming to the Campe cashiered by the Generalissimo for all that he cleered himselfe to have beene forsaken by his Regiment and to have beene the last man that stood to it The 500. Muskettiers making their retreate into a small wood or groave there at hand held the King and his men play a great season Very good use made they of the wood which is farre more advantageous for shot then either for Horse or Pikemen But the Kings Dragooners alighting with their Muskets and his Horsemen round besetting the said wood discouraged by and by and overthrew the Walsteiners Sparre himselfe was taken prisoner 600. of his men were slaine upon the place and divers more drowned and buried alive in the river and moorish places thorow which they thought to have escaped Sparre had now quitted his Horse and hid himselfe in a bush in the said thicket Sparre taken prisoner Him a Swedish common souldier thus light vpon The Swede perceiuing a gallant empty horse standing tied up thereby with a goodly embroydered saddle upon his backe iudges him to belong to some brave Cavalier of the enemies and goes out to find him He was told by a Horse-boy a Walsteiner then taken and threatned that it was Sparres horse whom he presently directed the Swede unto He had a rich and massie gold chaine about his necke of which the souldier first disrobing him reacht him a good rude brush over the shoulders with the stocke of his Musket and so brought him prisoner to the King Ha Monsieur Sparre saith the King I see you loue me so well that you cannot finde in your heart to be long away from me Sparre being brought prisoner into Norimberg was faine to take Sperma Câ—ti for the bruise that the rough souldier gaue him With him was his Lieftenant-Colonel Tertaky likewise taken together with 4. Captaines divers Officers and above 100. common souldiers Three Corners were then obtained and a Ensignes as for the rest the Ancients had slipt them off from their Flagge-stoves The losses on both sides and then runne away with thorn The King rewarded each of those souldiers that presented him the Colours with 100. Dollars The losses on the Kings side where not many but among them was Colonell Ries slaine who belonged unto one of the Dukes of Saxon-Weâ—mar â—oye a Swedish Gentleman lost there his life and Yâ—â—cker Crâ—â—â—â—enstein that waited upon the King in his Chamber This done the King the same night returned towards his League causing a most solemne Thankesgiving to be made unto the God of Battells for this double victory The Swedes after the taking of this Frâ—yeâ—sâ—at flow out as farre as Hâ—â—mburg some 9. or 10. English miles to the East of Burgâ—an where the last encounter hapned This towne and the Castle to it they now take in by which helpe was all the coast on that side indifferently well cleered so that the Walstriâ—â—â—s being defeated of their intended Quartering place in those parts the Swedes roave freely up and downe as farre as Amberg Generall-Major Sparre Sparres examination and confession being once againe the Kings prisoner was strictly and upon oath examined what he knew of his Generalls purposes He confessed that they had no other plot upon the King then by famine to compell him to a treaty After this victory there for a while passed nothing of moment betweene the two Armies The pettier skirmishes betweene commanded Partees abroad or the continued night-alarmes upon one anothers Camps or Guards at home I list not to stand upon The mortality in Towne and Leaguers With the same silence would I haue passed over the diseases and fluxes both of the Towne and Leaguers notwithstanding that by midde August there dyed 1000. and 1400. a weeke of it had not his Majestie the King of Bohemia beene at this time troubled with it The running away of men on either side I omit None are so well prouided against this noysomenesse as the Crabats who will eate you whole handfulls of raw Onyons Garlicke as familiarly as an Italian wrings downe sallets or we apples as if they meant to out-stincke the carrion and their owne Quarters The many dead horses which by this beginning of August came to some thousands in both Leaguers and which to the horrible noysomnesse of the Quarters where they lay vnburied daily more and more encreased or diminished rather I would not haue offended you with but to shew you how it was possible for these two great Armies to be reduced to such small numbers notwithstanding so few of them were in fight killed Leaving these particulars I shall for want of other action here impart an Oration of the King of Swedens on the first of August made unto the Officers of his Army then which Speech I desire no other Character of the King of Sweden nor no other Interpreter of the Heroicke Iustice of his great intentions The occasion was this A complaint of the Norimbergers unto his Maiestie how that their lands and territories had as ill beene plundered and destroyed by those of the Kings owne Army as by the enemies Calling hereupon the Officers great and small of his whole Army together he with the vivacity and passion of an Orator wherein he was excellent as well as with the authority of a King uttered a most pathetick Oration before them of which no more but this Extract hath comne within my Intelligence Yee Lords and Gentlemen The Kings Oration against plunderers You partly are some of those numbers that have shewed themselves unfaithfull and disloyall
Age or some such paine As easie Princes die of might surprise Thy ripe designes robbing thy Obsequies Of wonder and amazement blesse thy fall Worthy thy Great selfe braver farre then All Thy envyed Actions there being nought to doe Greater then what th' hast done but to die so When thou hadst tam'd all powers made every thing So hopelesse weake Embassadors might winne Thou wouldst no longer stay to shew thy hand Aim'd at a Nobler Triumph then their land That King who shall thy worth thy warre intend May get thy Empire hardly such an end Vpon the King of Sweden THe Youth hereafter when old wives shall chat Gustaves high deeds will aske What Giant 's that For if by vertue wee may measure man He did exceed sixe cubits and a spanne That size was low to him for wee now tell A Storie higher growne then Chronicle Where wee finde none that ever labour'd more To take away then he did to restore When Austria's Court Astraea out had hurld Then up stood He Chiefe Iustice of the world O're Free States Caesar did himselfe extoll And on their ruines reer'd his Capitoll When he usurpt that Peece which had not on His Image or his Superscription What though the Eagle be the highest flowne Yet was not th' ayre diffus'd for him alone But every bird how small so ere it be Hath as good right to its owne nest as he Rome for her best example is paid all And Carthage for her oft lent Hanniball Vertue the theme the Schoole boy now needs none But Him to make his declamation Who by so much Romes Fabius doth surpasse As others he yet no Cunctator was In his quick expeditions Hee 'd not be Like to the crawling Spaniard whom you see Hath for the poore Low-Countryes warr'd so long That they claime now by just prescription Which land though wonne at length must cost too deare Since that of Canaan cost but forty yeare His speed will make time think he had the hap At once to view and conquer by the Map Whose hand fought Brachygraphie and did take More in an houre then ever tongue yet spake For no Curranto in a weeke could say So much as He could doe but in a day And when it seem'd to lie or write too much In English 't was good Historie in Dutch If it some townes his Conquest had out-runne As Prophecie 't was true ere all was done Yet dealt he not with such as us'd to yeeld They never gave He alwayes tooke the field For when the game was his and wonne the day 'T was not their dotage but his owne good play Armed when he retreated he would goe Like a Sheld-Sea-Crab backwards and as slow His front was to'ards though from the foe his pace And lookt then like a Ianus both sides face Like that stout David 2 Sam. 24.13 14. Hebrewes choise rather then flying Desyr'd his men should be three dayes a dying Whose royall soule justly to dwell deny'd In her owne body yet unglorifi'd He was a Dog no King first chose to rub His wretched life out in a narrow tub Who thinkes the world too skant a holy heate Iustly entitles to the style of Great Besides the body rightly thought upon Is to the soule but her Pavilion Whose nerves about the bones do tye the skinne As coards the canvasse doe unto the pinne And at the first wise Nature never meant To make the soldiers mansion of his tent Wherefore this Prince like Moses after Hee Had led the people from captivitie And scourg'd the nations like some humane God Till rivers bled done wonders with his rod Dy'd on the top of honour Pisgah is For a brave height a mount much short of this But lest we worship Him we know not where This day to finde his hidden Sepulcher FINIS THE SWEDISH INTELLIGENCER The Fourth Part. RELATING THE CHIEFEST OF THOSE MILITARY Actions of the Swedish Generalls wherein the King himselfe was not personally with the Armie As in the Palatinate Triers Alsatia Suevia Westphalia the Lower Saxony and Silesia Wherein you have Those Proceedings omitted in the Second Part which are continued untill the time of the Kings death LONDON Printed for NATH BVTTER and N. BOVRNE MDCXXXIII THE SWEDISH INTELLIGENCER The advancing of another Spanish Armie into the Palatinate after the King of Swedens departure thence towards Bavaria What they did and suffered there from Easter Eve untill Whitsuntide 1632. with their retiring out of it the Rhinegraves pursuit of them and the State they left the countrey in THat the Spaniards had twice before since the King of Swedens coÌ„ming into these parts attempted the re-enforcing of their weakned garrisons in the Lower Palatinate and how they had both times beene forced over the Mosel againe by the King and Rhinegrave we in our * See pag. 58. and 75 of that booke Second part have before told you Hearing now the King to be marcht up after Tillie and their friend the Imperiall Generall Commissary Ossa to bee very desperate busie in Alsatia next unto the Palatinate they in March following resume their former enterprise provide theÌ„selves of two several armies for that purpose Foureteene thousand strong though some mention but 10000 others 80 0 was the first armie said to march up and the Count of Embden was their Generall Some beleeve that the Spanish Marquesse de Santa Croce The Count of Embden comes wiâ—h an army into the Palatinate was also in the action with him The second armie was to be brought up by Don Cordova who was to releive the Count of Embden Much encouragement had the Spanish to hasten this their undertaking for that they had intelligence sent them home from about Triers that there was some contrast and jealousies betwixt diverse of those chiefer Commanders and Governours of townes in the Palatinate whom the King had left there at his departure The Count of Embden with the first armie upon our Easter eve the last of march 1632 passed himselfe in good order They being past the Mosel by the bridge of Triers citie over the river of Mosel which they might freely enough doe for that they had the favour generally of the Elector of Triers subjects and a garrison of their owne men in this citie The Spaniards being now upon the Easterne side of the said river they first of all as both times heretofore they had done go along the banck of it unto Traerbach two and twenty English miles to the North-east from the bridge aforesaid In the strong castle of this towne like as in the most of all the good townes of this Electorate those excepted which the Rhinegrave ere whiles had put them out of had they their garrisons Thence advance they unto Kirchberg in the Huntsruck twelve English miles to the East of Traerbach In this towne take in Kirchberg had the Rhine-grave at his late taking of it left 200 men who indeed were not above 160 for the defence of it
three Scottish Regiments Thence on Sunday to Hagenow whence to Boitzenberg on the Elb and so crost the Elb at Lawenburg whence they went to be enquartered with the Army in Bardewick a very fine towne and sometimes a rich one before spoken of To this towne came some of the Lunenburgers forces About the time of that Sir Thomas Conwayet 5 Ensignes came to Warnemund Sir Frederick Hamiltons and the Lord Forbesses Regiments ioyne with the Armye did 5 of Sir Frederick Hamiltons Colours land also They were Scottish and Irish people amongst which was 1 Sir Fredericks owne Company 2. Coninghams Leiftenant-Colonell 3. Troopes Sergeant-Major 4 Gibsons and 5 Flemmings Captaines The other 4 Ensignes that belonged to this Regiment were landed other where and came not till summer into the Armie The Lord Forbesse had also his Scottish Regiment there himselfe being taken prisoner comming betwixt Luckstadt and Hamborow and carryed into Wolfenbuttel where he yet is Neither English nor Scottish Regiments had any fixt Armes as yet which in plaine English phrase is They were not yet fully Armed However half armed or unarmed as they were Sergeant-Maior Groves with his English the 2 Scottish Regiments were after some 16 or 20 dayes lying about Bardewick commanded towards Boxtehude The towne is belonging to the Archbishop of Bremen and lyes upon the small river Essa within 4 English miles of the borders of Lunenburg the Elb it selfe being within 8 miles to the North and Hamborow almost as neere it to the Eastward T is a stronger towne then Stoade and there was a good garrison now in it Boxtehude beseiged a place besides it is of very good consequence for that it is the Passe into that which they call the Old land in which Stoade standeth The Generall Todt with the rest of the Army lay now at Hornburg a pretty Fleck or market town some seaven English miles to the Northwest of Boxtehude that was now beleagred At this Hornburg was the Hoff-Quarter or Heade Quarter for that this is also another Passe into the Old land aforesaid by which Stoade was on that side also streightned especially by those of our nation The English and Scottish lay some 10 dayes at first an English mile off from Boxtehude with unfixt Armes for a great part and without powder or bullets After this they were sent to lye at a place called the Old Cloyster which is within a quarter of a mile of the towne to the Southward Some few Dutch companyes there were enquartered upon the Old lands side betwixt the towne and the Elb but they were the English and Scottish that had the most to doe in the beleagring In the time of this seige upon Doctor Salviue advertisements before given to the King Todt is sent for away by the King and Sir Alexander Lesly comes to the Armye of the Generall Todts misbehaviour in the Army had his Majesty sent away for him and Sir Alexander Lesly was commanded from the Lord Marquesse Hamiltons Army by the King of Swedens Commission to come and take charge of Todts Army with the Style of Sergeant Mayor Generall Sir Alexander being now comne to the Old Cloyster aforenamed and going about to take view of the Boxtehude within 3 or 4 dayes after his first comming was short from the towne into the instep of the left foot He being thus disabled for the commanding of the Armie and carryed off unto Hamborow Todt for the time was to doe all againe who being shot Lohausen a Colonell with one legge being then made Sergeant Major Generall And this order continued till that Wolff Hendrick Baudissin native of Lusatia and commonly called Bauditz was sent downe to be Leiftenant Generall Baudissin is sent to take charge of the Army and Tott now going away Duke George of Lunenburg became General of the Armie But Boxtehude was first taken and Pappenheim gone againe ere Baudissin came to the Army To returne to the siege There were 3 severall Batteries by this time gotten up against the towne whereof 2 upon the Old cloyster side and a third upon the other from all which the Swedish Canon plaid every day into the Citie Nor were the besieged altogether idle Having advertisement by the Boores that the English and Scottish Regiments were not halfe armed and but raw soldiers 200 of the towne Horsemen one night sallyed out upon their Quarters They fell out with a very great clamor and noise making and were comne within 20 paces of their very Guards Those of our nation that had Armes stood their ground A Sally repulsed and 2 troops of Horse were quickly at hand to second them T is said that some of the Irish ventured upon the salliers horsemen with their skeynes or swords onely and did some peece of execution upon them However the leader of the sallyers was there shot dead and fell his men forced to retire being after some skirmishing beaten into the very Ports of their Citie Another night they fell out of the towne againe and set fire upon the Scottish Guardes and had they adventured but a little further they had put the Quarters into a terrible confusion But even now they were perswaded in againe The siege went on in the meane time and the Canon from all 3 Batteries did their duties faggots and storming ladders were also made shew of nor yet would these offers fright out the besieged Full 3 weekes there was misery enough endured by those of our nation without the towne about the end of which time upon the fourth of March the besieged as it were for pitty of our Countrymen yeelded Boxtehude yeilded and marcht upon good conditions into Stoade Boxtehude being thus taken our English having done the chiefe of their service there were offered to garrison the towne which they gladly enough accepting of the 5 Colours were put into it Here lay they 3 weekes Sergeant-Major Grove being Governor The Generall Todt having a purpose to put in a Swede a servant of his to be Governor over Groves head The English being put into the towne were by Todt commanded out againe he being a high spirited Gentleman that could not endure to be rewarded with such an affront for all his services the English colours were commanded out and a Swedish Leiftenant-Colonell not Todts man put in to be Governour with 5 Ensignes Thence were the English sent to block up Stoade about which the rest of the Army were quartered up and downe in Dorps the snow not then suffering them to lye in open Quarters But this served the turne well enough Todts purpose being Stoade blockt up but to block it up at a distance victualls were so scarce with him that he should not otherwise have beene able to have kept the Army together in one leaguer This towne is seated upon a small riveret called the Zwing about 2 English miles from the Elb a skonce being betwixt it and the Citie The land on
not with a servile celerity and Bounty He is a bountifull-handed man where he finds deseruing and these two things Rewards and Punishments and enough of both are the Secrets of his Discipline these are the chiefe lawes that kept his Campe in exceeding good order all the time of this Leaguer and himselfe well beloued of his souldiers There was no great good heartinesse of affection some will say betwixt the 2. Dukes and if Bavaria at any time interposed his counsell Walenstein would take no more of it then should serue his turne good aduice perchance being now and then discountenanced for the Giver The Campe being fortified the Generalissimo gave this generall order unto his souldiers that they should make more use of their trenches then of their weapons That they should not but with speciall leaue goe out upon commanded Partees and that very strongly That they should not but upon command straggle abroad after forrage or adventures but continue to make good the Posts they were commanded to till they were relieved That they should for the most part containe themselues upon the defensive within their Quarters and when they were in commanded Partees sent abroad they should then hinder the Swedes from getting forrage He had taken a very excellent order for the victualling of his Army for sure the Duke of Fridlands Master-piece is to be a good Provisioner His provisions for his Army what and he hath a singular good Catering-wit of his owne Aboue all had he taken good care for his Provant-breade which is halfe the standing diet of a souldier and they will doe well enough where bread is good and plentifull That which most incommodated him was That navigable river he had none for the seruice of his Leaguer The river Rednitz though it ranne from his Campe into the Bishopricke of Bamberg a friends countrey yet it being both narrow and shallow and against the streame too whence and how fetched it was no way capable of any great carriages His trust for the bringing of his victualls therefore must be by Convoyes over land which were farre more casuall and more chargeable He had laid all the countrey for provisions Divers troopes of his Cavallery were sent unto all the next greater townes and Passages then at his devotion which were there to hold their Quarters As to Cronach namely and Forcheim in the Bishopricke of Bamberg Willsburg Castle and Weissenburg an Imperiall towne by it in the Bishopricke of Aichstet Some of his Forces had beene left beyond Norimberg in the Vpper Palatinate to secure that and Bohemia and others were already advanced beyond it to the townes upon the river Aisch in Franconia The Crabats roaved up and downe from Forcheim almost unto Wurtsburg yea he had made sure worke of it euen as farre as the towne of Regenspurg in Bavaria and had blockt up all the chiefe Posts and Passes betwixt these townes and Norimberg From all these and from Regenspurg especially whether it was sent him along the Danuby from Vienna was his Campe served with provisions and the Kings Leaguer thereby cut off from all necessaries Every day were strong commanded Horse-Partees sent abroad to lye upon severall Posts and Passages of advantage to intercept the Kings Foragers This was commonly the Crabats businesse who lay up and downe 4. 6. 8. or 10. miles from the Kings Leaguer With these had the Swedish Partees their most encounters but for brevities sake I must not insist upon every skirmish All this was done by Walenstein with Iudgement and like a Generall and this was all the force he used to constreine the King to dislodge from before Norimberg and to abandon it up to his mercy Walensteins purpose in encamping by the King Other force he attempted none He saw the Kings Works and Retrenchments to be made so strong that it would prooue a desperate peece of seruice for whosoeuer should undertake to assault them And Walenstein boldly gaue it out That it sorted not with the Service of His Imperiall Majestie to haue the new Army hazarded upon a Battell or Invasion That there had beene too much attempted that way before and That he would show the King of Sweden another kinde of Warre-faring And thus much indeed was by some prisoners of great note confessed unto the King afterwards namely that the Imperiall Generalissimo had this plot upon him To draw the Warre out into a length and to awayte the favour of opportunitie hoping at last to serve himselfe so well upon the Kings necessities that either they should so constreine him or his friends so perswade with him that he should if not offer yet not deny to hearken unto a good Treaty This if it tooke well then should the advantage in the conclusion of the Peace make him a faire saver for his patience preserve Him a gallant Army to be otherwhere employed for His Imperiall Majesty and gaine finally a most ample reputation unto the name of Walenstein as one that had onely knowne how to handle the King of Sweden This was Walensteins Rest up and he was resolved to act no part but of Fabius hee had the King in a coope or in a toyle already and there for a while hee meant to keepe him and Norimberg Something indeed his Army did at their very first comming into those Quarters Walensteins first attempts but they were not any attempts upon the Kings Trenches but some outrydings and Cavalcadoes onely upon the Iewes of Furt and Burgers of Farenbach whom his men plundered Some other foraging voyages they also made upon the Boores barnes and houses in the smaller townes of the neighbour Marquisate of Onspach commonly called The Lower Marquisate and into the Iurisdiction of the Norimbergers upon the countrey abroad The poore towne of Swabach 8 or 9 English miles from Norimberg now falling into the Lordly displeasure of the Generalissimo for that it had slaine 50 of his men in the taking of it was by him destinated unto an universall destruction The execution was stayed by the Duke of Bavaria's intercession which was granted as the first motion he had made to him and the punishment commuted to a ransome as a surety for which moneyes the chiefe Magistrate was carryed away prisoner Divers able troopes were by our Generalissimo at his very first setting downe dispatched further into the Marquisate of Onspach and the Dukedome of Franconia Neere Onspach was the Towne and Castle of Liechtenaw within the Iurisdiction of the Norimbergers pressed but not taken yet by the Walsteiners Three of their Regiments attempted an Aenslaught upon the Imperiall Citie of Winshaim upon the river Aisch 30 English miles to the West of Norimberg and 24 to the Northwest of Onspach But this designe of theirs being discovered and defeated by the Swedish garrison and the Burgers the Imperialists gate a shrewd brush here left many of their fellowes behind them and carryed off the best part of 1000 more wounded with them into
and made the Foragers glad to goe home without that which they had laboured for Thence goe the Crabats to Lauff 2. leagues East of Norimberg putting themselues there into ambush to entrap some Swedish Convoyes It chanc't that a good company of Wagons and loden horses passed by shortly after from about Rotenberg 4. miles to the North of Lauff The Crabats falling out upon the Booty cut in pieces both the Wagon-drivers and their guards and vouchsafing to turne Carters themselues they drive the Wagons towards Engelthal It hapned that there were divers Bidets or Saddle-horses of some of the Kings owne Gentlemen that went lier by now sent for from grasse for that the King was about remoouing The Gentlemen hearing how likely they were to serue on foote petitioned the King for a speciall Partee to make out after these Crabats that had vnhorst thē The King himselfe would needs do his Gētlemen the service to go out with the Partee guessing at their haunt the King advances towards the same Engelthall The King defeates some Crabates whereabouts as lucke was then finding them He kills 100. upon the place recovers all the Wagons with his mens Horses and some other pillage besides which the Crabats had there hoarded up into the bargaine The King having an item a little after this of 20. Cornets Imperiall Horse that purposed to goe from Forcheim to spoyle Grefenberg a towne of the Norimbergers some 18. miles North of the City goes with the King of Bohemia to have a course at these Imperialists But they having notice of it had no desire to stay and kisse the 2. Kings hands but recommended their safeties to their spurres and escaped by good Horseman-ship The King presently upon this had a designe to have put Duke Bernard with a good part of his and Baniers Army into and about the towne of Liecthenaw not farre from Onspach which belonged unto the Norimbergers Walenstein as we told you in the beginning had offered before at the taking of this towne but had beene put besides it It was kept by one Scheverlin a Patricius or City-Gentleman of Norimberg His feare now fore-dooming that because the King had not beene able to dislodge Walenstein that therefore he was too weake for him Walenstein gets Liechtenaw delivers over his trust unto the enemies of his Country when as no apparent but a suspected necessity drew it from him The losse of this towne and Passe shrewdly defeated the Kings projects helpt to make him what Scheverlin had suspected him the unabler to remooue Walenstein For now besides the victualls found in the towne Walensteins other provisions out of those parts came the freelyer into his Leaguer the most of which the King might haue cut off could he but haue formed an Army thereabouts Other smaller bickerings betweene commanded Partees of both Armies I purposely omit for that these petty particulars doe lesse concerne a generall History And now the King perceiving that all these slighter encounters would not doe the great businesse and that it now proved true which had so often beene confessed to him namely that Walenstein most firmely was with himselfe resolued to tyre him out with the expectation of a Battell and that he would upon no other termes accept of the encounter then such as with extremity of disadvantage he should be enforced unto iudges it his best course to leave the sullen or temporising Generall in the fastnesse of his Trenches seeing he would not be trained out unto a Field-Battell For point of action and honour the King conceiued himselfe to be before-hand with his adversary seeing he had so often bidden him base at his owne gole and that the Lyon-couchant would not out of his Denne no further then he were rowsed Carefull The Kings reasons for his rising from about Norimberg besides this of the State of the good City of Norimberg his Maiesty was which his late encreased Army had overcharged his sicke men and dead horses both pestered and infected His owne Army began a-pace likewise to deminish he had lost at least 10. or 12000. horses I haue heard more the rest for want of forage being likely enough to follow His men withall grew thinner every day and thinner for what with those that had beene slaine with the sword or dead of the fluxe and other diseases and what with those that were wounded taken prisoners or had runne away he missed full 10000. of his old Army His Quarters grew very nastie and noysome with the multitudes of dead horses which lay where they fell vnburied The rest of his Army wanted ayring and refreshing no enemy being so terrible to brave spirits or so weakning to able bodies as the long lying in one place and the ordinary diseases of a Winter-Leaguer Resolued likewise he was to doe as much for the Imperialists as they had done for him to cut off namely their provisions from them and that part of it especially with which their Leaguer had beene served out of the Bishopricke of Aichstet His Partees he resolued should flye abroad euery where for the same purpose his Army he was minded to encrease with new levies and with them to fall into some of the Emperors or Catholicke-Leaguers lands and so to force up Walenstein by a diversion Some have disputed it with themselues Whither the King should not have done better for himselfe to have risen long before this so soone namely as he was made able to get away by the comming of the Chancellor to him with the other Armies Then surely had he saved a great sort of men and horses and sooner had He gone sooner must the Generalissimo have dislodged When the matter was put to be decided upon a Carpett Whither it were best for the King to rise or no The chiefe hinderance of the resolution was the Kings care for the safetie of the Norimbergers who were indeed very fearefull of themselves that so soone as He were gone they should be besieged But in that care the King was eased by his Major Kniphausen who offered it upon the forfeiture of his head to keepe the towne with 4000 men in despight of all the enemies How the King contented the Norimbergers concerning his rising The King taking him at his word sent him into the towne to propose the conditions unto the Magistrates and to know what they would doe in it The conditions were That they should give Quarter and stipends unto the Souldiours left for the guard of them That they should take downe the old great Leaguer and contract it so as with 4000 men it might bee made defensible The Magistrates though something fearefull at first yet so well did Kniphausens arguments content them that they came out to treate with the King about it He told them that they might safely relye upon Kniphausen he had upon His knowledge fought in a village and he knew he would doe much more in so well a fortified City His Maiesty besides told them
to the first Brigade The five Bodies of Commanded Muskettiers all marked with the number 7. were commanded by the Count of Eberstein The Horse Squadrons of the left Wing were committed unto the glory of the Day Duke Bernard of Saxon Weymar whose place is at the letter K over the number 12. by the fourth Brigade of Foot-men The five Bodies of Foot in this left Wing marked with 13 were the charge of the Colonell Gersdorff The Battell made up of the foure Brigades of Foot was commended to the Swedish Count of Neeles Colonel of the Kings Life-guards The foure Foot Brigades of the Second Front or Reere were Commanded by Dodo Kniphausen Sergeant-Major Generall of the whole Army to whose faire Conduct the Victory is also much beholden The Horse of the Right Wing were entrusted to Colonel Claus Conrade Zorn of Bulach by which name of Bulach hee is commonly knowne The Horse of the Left Wing were committed to Prince Ernest of Anhalt The Reserve of Foote marked with 37 was commanded by Colonel Iohn Hinderson a Scottish Gentleman and the Reserve of Horse marked with 38 by Colonel Oeme of the Palatinate The Imperiall Army had his Excellencie the Generalissimo Walensteins order thus ordered He first drew it all up into one mighty Front which he then devided into three Bodies His Right wing of Horse marked with the letter A whose end was neere the Towne of Lutzen was committed to the Count Ridolfo Coloredo that day Sergeant-Major Generall of the Armie This Wing had also its commanded Muskettiers besides some others that were lodged in the gardens by the towne aforesaid This Wing having also the advantage of the Windmills and their hills by the towne-side made use of those naturall Batteries for the planting of 9. peeces of Ordnance the Mills and Millers house serving them also for a good shelter The Battell or Middle-Ward markt with the letter B was commanded by the Duke of Fridland himselfe whose place was said to be in the head of that great Regiment of Piccolomini'es Horse which is in the very middle of the Foote-Regiments marked with 49. The Left Wing opposite to the Right Wing and markt with the letter C was led by Colonel Hendrick Holck newly made Lieftenant-Felt-Marshall unto Pappenheim who but commanded till Felt-Marshall Pappenheim should be comne into the Field All this Imperiall Order of embatteling I have presented in one mighty Front so namely as it appeared to the Kings people and to him that tooke the Figure of it since very largely cut and imprinted in Copper The Figure described by Iohn Iaacob Gabler of Leipsich who also by the Kings owne directions and the description of Oluff Hans his Majesties Enginiers last yeere set forth the Figures of the Battell of Leipsich And the manner of the same Figures of the Battell of Leipsich we have in this also followed We know that betwixt every Brigade of Foote there should be so much roome left as that another Brigade might advance vp betweene the distance betweene them being the breadth of one of them But our Cutter plainely to make his Figures fairer hath straightned the distances And this I hope is mended by telling of The 2. Reserves also were to be drawne up betweene the 2. Brigades that stand next before them but these we have left behind as Oluff Hans in the Battell of Leipsich also did which I suppose was there done for distinctions sake to the vulgar beholder every souldier knowing the true place of them The explication of the severall letters and numbers shall follow by it selfe immediately after the Figure of the Battell Having thus described the Order the Field of the Battell would next be considered of The King had a North-Easterly march of it from Naumburg towards Lutzen so that the rising Sunne was something within a while favourable The wind also that little that was blew fairely for him so that the King very ioyfully spake it I thanke God I have both wind and Sunne to favour me The Countrey was a goodly vast levell and Campagnia as corne-Corne-lands could be even The field described as farre almost as the eye could roave over And yet was the place of Battell subiect to as many accidents and Walenstein was Master of them all as a plaine countrey almost could be The King right in his way of advancing had a wet ditch made by hand called the Flossgraben cut traverse to him so that he was faine to edge about to the Right with his whole Army to passe by it and then to edge as much to the left againe to put himselfe right before the enemy The Imperiall Army was embatteled all along beyond a broad high-way which led from Lutzen unto Leipsich On this side of this was there a kind of broade draine or ditch which served for bounding and saving the ploughed lands and to keepe withall the High-way the dryer Advantageous for Walenstein This had Walensteins Pioners bestowed some cost upon so that putting some commanded Muskettiers downe into it it served them as well as a Trench or Brest-worke This was so troublesome for the Kings Horsemen that many of them were overturned and left behind in the getting over to charge Walenstein for indeed there were divers gaps thorow it which the Horse iustling for overturned one another The ground also behind the ditch had 2. little risings and those did Walenstein make choise of for the planting of those Peeces marked with the letter F in the Figure That Part of the High-way also towards Lutzen had an old Trench or dry ditch drawne to it which being nothing of it selfe but a Boundary for lands that also did Walenstein put Muskettiers into which served them like the High-way ditch for a Parapet or Brest-worke This is markt with the Gallobelgicus Figure of the Battell hath omitted this Trench He hath also turned the Highway wrong letter H. A pretty distance beyond the High-way neere unto the Towne of Lutzen markt with D were there 3. or 4 Wind-mills amongst which the letter E standeth Behind these had Walenstein lodged some Muskettiers and the Mill-hills served as naturall Batteries for him to plant 9. peeces of Ordnance upon Betweene the Mills and the towne were there divers gardens with mudd-walls round about them and in these also in one of them 300. being after found dead had he caused Muskettiers to be placed Leipsich High-way as it went sloaping along so had he caused his men to bend and hang towards it And now to the Action The Sunne having by 9. a clockc cleerely dispeld the Fogge it prov'd as promising a morning as ever was 6th of November and that commendation should our Almanacks have hereafter given it but for one mischance in it And now the King shot his losing or warning-peece and so advanced The King advances Being passed the Floss-graben He left also the Dorp of Chursitz behind him betwixt which and his Army he left his Coach and
it to Piccolomini rewarding him with as much confiscated lands for it as was better then 100000. pound Sterling Holck he made Felt-Marshall in place of Pappenheim who is now the man that can doe all in all with him And hereas the King of Denmarke whose subiect Holck is sent to command him home under penalty of confiscating his goods let him saies Walenstein I le bestow tenne times so much upon him giving him his choice thereupon of any of these 4. Cities Teplitz Brix Saiss and Diewitz the meanest of which had 16 or 18 pretty villages belonging to the Lordship of it And thus much of the doings of the Imperialists both in their flight and in Bohemia have I learned from Captaine Edward Feilding Those that had done cowardly in the Battell he said nothing of but as they came to Prague he seases and imprisons them Of these by Christmas time there were already 18. apprehended Of whom some were Counts and Barons notwithstanding which he February 4th following strucke off eleuen of their heads upon a publike Scaffold and severity Some inferiour people he hanged and headed in a baser fashion others of their names he caused to be hang'd upon the Gallowes and to be poasted up for cowards One piece of mirth fell now out as it were to vary this scene of Martiall severity A young Colonell being brought upon the Scaffold which was iust before Walensteins window began alowd I come here to dye for running away after my Generalissimo but the Drummes strucke up and the Trumpets sounded upon it so that the short breath'd Orator could bee no further listned to And thus leave I our great Imperiall Generalissimo The State he keepes who keepes a State in Prague no Maiestie in Christendome comparable to him About Christmas was there a feare of Duke Bernards falling into Bohemia whereupon such a puzzle there was amongst them that Potents or Commands were presently given out for the drawing of 6000. men towards the Frontiers So easie was it to have conquered Walenstein and Bohemia And now for that the contrarily affected may not say that my Intelligence is particular or all from one side I will here affoord them the Relation made by the Spanish Gentleman before quoted fairely barely without additions or alterations translated the originall whereof I am ready to communicate unto any ingenuous Gentleman Two or 3. other Relations I confesse I have in French printed at Brussels which are so ignorantly and insolently done that even that side may be ashamed to give credit to them I have taken nothing out of le Soldat Suedois for that ther 's litle but words in him Two or three High-Dutch pieces and some Latine also I have by me as foolish as the former but this onely of the Spaniard I have thought worthy your perusall THE morning began to peepe when newes came that the King now altogether in Battell-ray did march up towards us whereupon His Excellency presently cast his Army into that forme which appeareth in the Figure leaving a little way on the right hand some Wind-mills according to the disposition and necessitie of the situation The King had in the meane while put his Army right opposite to ours not full distant the reach of a Cannon approaching with his left Wing neere upon Lutzen and with the right touching upon a little Wood which also was very neere united with his Front In this order did his Excellency stay till the King should begin to moove wee having a small ditch along the Front of our Army The King mooved soone after with all his forces making a show that he was resolv'd to invest vs some-while upon one side some-while upon the other At length hee set upon us in the Front and sent his Cavallery of the right Wing to overturne ours By reason hereof we were forced to retire our Baggage which was upon our left Wing quite behind all our Army to the end it should not be cut off from us Thus began the Encounter with equall order and continuall shot of Cannon which did on each side mutuall hurt every one striving to get forward thorow the midst of mortalitie and slaughter of men for to drive the enemy out of his place The Earle of Pappenheim came in at the very beginning of the fight with some Regiments of Horse and Dragooners whom hee instantly carryed into the left Wing where it appear'd the King did charge with most obstinacy And here the Earle giving the onsett with his accustom'd valour was in the very beginning mortally wounded by a Fauconett so that being taken off his Horse to be brought to Leipsich He ended his life before his Iourney This valerous Cavalier having sacrificed himselfe to Gods service and the Emperours in the most important occasion which ever hath offerd it selfe to benefit the Catholike Religion and the whole House of Austria In the meane time the Front of the enemies Army got ground apace 〈…〉 Resolution our Artillery being neuer able to disorder it though many a shot was made upon it and being now comne neere the ditch which was made on our side a great number of Muskettiers was let downe into it from whence they gave us many good Saluees But especially did they powre lead into the Regiment of the Colonell Piccolomini Who after he had beene exposed a-while to the discretion of those Muskettiers determined to set upon them and to drive them out of the Ditch And this he did accordingly with so fortunate a successe that if he had beene seconded by other Regiments no doubt but that part of the Enemies Army would have beene utterly rowted But there being none to backe him and he fearing to be cut off from the Army if hee went too farre forwards resolv'd to set with might and maine upon a Regiment * Winckles of the Enemies which He also utterly defeated leaving it stretched out upon the ground in the same manner as it had stood before ordred in Squadrons After Pappenheim was wounded the Cavalry which he had led never so much as turn'd their faces against the Enemy whereby advantage was given him to get the better of our Foot also on the left side For all this on the right side was the fight maintained with equall and all possible obstinacie at which time a newes being spread of the Kings death it seemed that the Enemies Army began to give backe by little and little under the favour of a very thicke mist which was risen insomuch that at first it was not possible to finde where it stood Hereupon for the present the victory was held to be ours We being desirous to goe forward to seeke out the Enemy intelligence was had that he went to rejoyne his Squadrons about the Wood side for which reason his Excellence sent his Colonels Tercica and Picolomini to take more exact notice of what was rumor'd They being past on a little forward towards the Wood saw the Enemy in full Battell-ray
marching up towards us in as good an order as at the first It was now very neere night and our Army not well joyned together necessitie constrain'd vs to make a stay in our owne place neere the Wind-mills which the Earle Coloredo defended valerously He being charg'd by forces incomparably much greater should have beene forc'd to quit the Mills had not his Excellency sent to his succour the Colonels Tercica and Picolomini with their Cavalry to sustaine the shocke of those Foot as in effect they did It was now upon shutting in of the Euening when the Enemy beginning afresh a round Salvee of his Cannon did notably annoy our troopes and was like to have done more harme had not the Night come on His Excellency when he least fear'd such an accident Then was hee not in his Litter as Le Soldat Suedois geeres him being now in the Front of the Regiment of Picolomini speaking with him was hurt in the left arme with a Muskett Bullet but as we may say almost miraculously since it did him no other harme then to leave a blacke and blew mark behind it His Excellency showed that day no ordinary valour riding up and downe in the Front of all the Regiments where from time to time necessitie call'd him encouraging with his presence every body to the accomplishment of their duty being accompanied by the two Princes brothers of the great Duke of Tuscany of whom the one call'd Don Francisco lost his Horse he sate on by a Cannon Bullett The Colonels Lò and Camargo dyed on the place Picolomini came off with ten Muskettado's five wherof wounded him in divers parts of the body th' other five went no further then his armour He lost foure Horses under him In these foure numbers lyes the chiefest of my Authors mis-intelligence or partialitie and three hundred of his best souldiers His Sergeant-Major two Captaines and most of his officers were hurt It is thought that of our side there dyed neere upon three thousand but a great many more wounded Of the enemies side were lost neere sixe thousand and as many more wounded it having beene the most bloody and obstinate Battell which ever hath beene fought in Germany especially in so small a number of the Imperialists which came not to twelve thousand where on the other side the Enemies Forces amounted to above twentie thousand At length the fight being ended by reason of the night his Excellency was not resolued whether he should keepe his army in that place or else to retire to Leipsich But having heard the opinion of all his greatest Officers he determined with their good liking to retire to Leipsich notwithstanding the arrivall of five Regiments * This sets the report right for both sides The Swedish say that the Pappenheimers came vp in the night and the Imperialists affirme that they came not to the Battell of Pappenheims now newly comne from Hall Because it was probable feared that thorow the wearinesse of the souldiers the number of the wounded the excessive cold and which was most materiall lest thorow want of provisions in that place the souldiers might scatter about the neighbour townes to provide themselues against their wants and in the morning if need should be none would be found ready for service Hereupon our Army after three houres in the night began to march towards Leipsich who not being able for want of Horses and Boyes who in the beginning of the Battell were either kild or hurt to cary off their Ordnance left it there in the field As the Enemy did likewise his owne * In these 2. relations of the Swedes leaving their Cannon and Gallas his ioyning he had false Intelligence But this showes that Gallas was not in the Battell marching on towards Naumburg His Highnesse sent immediately for the Baron Gallas who ioyned with him in Bennis with the forces he had He sent likewise to fetch Monsier Altringer to come to him with his men with an intent to make another grosse wherewith to goe and defeate the troopes of the Enemy which were left a-foote His Excellency now being in Frawenstein upon the Confines of Saxony and Bohemia intends from thence to goe to Prague In the beginning of the Encounter of both Armies Innocentius Bucela Camrade of Piccolomini knew the King who lay hurt and dying upon the ground Whereof having given notice to the Colonell he wâ—nt with him and ten more to see the body which was yet quivering and while they were about fetching of it away a troope of the Enemyes charging forced them to retire The noise of his death was presently scattered abroad yet beliefe was not fully given to it by reason of the relation which some prisoners made as that the King was hurt but carrried off in a close Coach following his white Standard But an Astrologer entertained by his Excellency being taken prisoner accidentally in the Battell and ransomed eight dayes after brought undoubted newes that the King was wounded with a Musket in his arme and two Pistoll bullets and falne downe dead in the field The death of the King halfe verified the Prognostication of an Astrologer named David Herlicius of Stargard in Pomerania who said some moneths before that the King should never passe over the Kiver of Elve againe which he interpreting to his benefit beleeved he should become Master of the Empire as among his Collegiates he was already reputed You have no word here of the Imperialists arrogating of the Victory to their partie and cease to returne into Swedland where is nothing else but craggy mountaines But God who disposeth all things hath made vaine the issue of that hope and given us to understand that to him alone is reserved the disposing of Empires Printed with all necessary priviledge In Lisbon By Antonio Aluarez 1633. Febr. 16. THE EXPLICATION OF THE SEVERALL LETTERS and Numbers in the Figure of the Battell of LVTZEN The Imperiall Army A VVAlensteins Right Wing of Horse B His Battell or Body of the Foot in the middle whereof is one Horse Regiment C His Right Wing of Horse D The Towne of Lutzen E The Wind-mills upon the higher ground and hills whereof he had planted some Ordnance F Three other places where he had planted Ordnance G The Gallowes H A dry Ditch or Boundary for lands which Walenstein made to serve him for a Brest-worke to lodge Muskettiers in The Kings Army I The Right Wing of the Kings Vant-guard consisting of sixe Horse Squadrons lined with five Bodies of Muskettiers This was led by the King himselfe whose place is over the letter I. K The Left Wing of the Swedish Vantgard composed of Horse and Muskettiers like the Right Wing Of this Duke Bernard had the leading whose place is right over the letter K. L The Fluss-graben M The Kings Battell or Body of his Army consisting of 8 Brigades of Foot wherof 4 were in the Van and 4 in the Reere Each Brigade hath 6 Peeces
the Kingdome The entry into his reigne was the tryall of his education his Father left him embroyled with the Dane and Muskovite and shortly after began the Polander to confront him The pretences of these Princes were indeed much different but in the ruine of a young King they all had the same intentions Poland claimed the Crowne Denmarke and the Muskovite put in to recover what bordering lands they had before claimed and which had either beene conquered from them by his Ancestors or freely for merite granted them by the others I will not write a Story where I intend but a Character Let this suffice to know that he gate the better of all 3. Nations both upon the greene grasse and upon the greene Carpet in the field I meane and upon the Treaty Two of his young schollers prizes t were pitty to passe over In his warre with the Muskovite hee would needs lay siege to Notteburg Castle Anno 1617. which among other lands the Muskovite had granted his Father for his service The place of this is upon an Iland in the middle of the mouth of the most raging swift river of Nerva and at least Culvering shot from either shoare of it His Colonells not willing their young King should receive a checke in his rising fortunes by attacking an impossibility diswade the Action himselfe onely remaining constant to pursue it See how God Almighty made our young Iosua to be honoured among his people The Muskovites proved to have such thrushes See the booke called Descriptio Regni Sueciae and warts and blisters growing in the insides of their throates and mouthes that they could neither feede nor swallow so that having abundance of Ammunition and a whole yeeres victualls by them yet came they out and yeelded up the Castle to him An inpregnable piece which could neither be battered starved nor have a bridge laid over to it That yeere tooke he another Castle almost as strong whereupon the Muskovite was glad to make King Iames his good friend to procure his peace with the young Sweden Some while after this had he a difference with the Dantzickers who man'd out 20. or 30. good Ships of Warre with the first opening of the Spring to have burnt up his Nauy in the Harbour T was about the end of winter then when his long and narrow Swedish Sea was a yeard or two deepe frozen This Ice our young King causing his Boores for 10 or 12. English miles together to cut open came with his Fleete in the night upon the Dantzickers and burnt sunke spoyled or tooke the most of them In his Warres with his Vnckle Sigismund King of Poland hee conquered so many townes from him both in Prussia and Livonia that the Pole was enforced to request the mediation of King Charles and the French King to make up a peace for 6. Sir Thomas Roâ— was our Kings Ambassador yeeres betwixt them which he afterwards desired to be perpetuated This was concluded September 29. 1629. King Sigismund acknowledging Gustavus Adolphus to be King of Sweden and in his Treaty so styling him And thus wheresoever this young Mars entred the dread of his Armes and Name were as full of terror to the enemy-Country Annibal ad portâ—â— as Annibal sometimes unto the Romanes nor ever returned he out of them but with the Olive and the Palme branches the Emblemes of Peace and Victory But these Northern Trophyes upon his next neighbours though they had much of glory yet have they much of Credit and possibility also in them but Chronicle and Beliefe must straine hard to make his Germane Conquests any thing probable with posterity and were they not written in the times of the doing and acknowledged by his enemies scarcely would the Legend be more Apocryphall For what credulity not facile to be abused could perswade it selfe that 2. third parts of Germany could and by him that entred but with 11000. men in 2. yeeres and 4. moneths space be wrested from so puissant an Emperour A mighty Empire and a Potent formidable for its greatnesse confident upon the power of its Colleagues and Vpholders vast in its extent terrible for its Armes and Captaines renowned for its Conquests beyond expectation successefull in all its enterprises and that knew no bounds but the Alpes and the Ocean And yet this Empire which either with its Armies or garrisons if not by a cheaper way the meere reputation of what it had or might doe held so many Princes at a Baye was it selfe constrained to take on the yoake which Swedens Gantlett put upon it In lesse then 2. yeers and a halfe he did all this what might He more haue atchieved had he gone on another yeere and two moneths and fil'd up the time of that malicious and false prediction which the Iesuites had cast abroad of him They comforted their credulous Novices with his being Antichrist and that he should raigne 3. yeeres and a halfe and no longer The beleefe of his conquering so much will be the more facilitated if we could but conceive once his familiar way of doing it he made but a Comedy of the warres which others are so solemne upon and make so full of Tragedy I will giue but two examples Comming before Elbing with an Army scarce so strong as their garrison he after Summons and Hostages wormes out by faire words the Burgomaster and some great ones to his Tent unto a Parlee Himselfe in the meane time with some few of his Gentlemen goes to the Ports and desires to come in as a travayler to please his sight with the rarities of their City Such pleasancy of words and conceit he used that the Citizens were as desirous to see the King of Sweden as he to take their City Being in he walkes gazing up and downe the people flocking still after him Now in truth good people saies he if I had thought you had desired to see the King of Sweden I would have put on my best cloathes to day What need you feare me my Swedes and Fins shall be your drudges cleave wood fetch water and doe you any servility and with that he calls a stubbed Finn to him and commands him to remoove some lumber or piece of rubbish This said he goes into a Stationers shop and there calls for Buchanans Poemes iust as in such a case Alexander sometimes did for Homers Iliades And thus the Burgomaster knowing that the King was in the towne and He being sure that the Burgomaster was in His Tent the composition became the easier At that very strong towne of Konigshoven in Franconia after this showed he another example of this facetious facility Having summoned the towne hee rides up along towards the Ports where when hee saw the guards blowing their matches and making ready to shoote him Sacrament saies he if you make but one shot the King shall know of it and he hath vowed that not a man of you shall have Quarter But if you will
dust curtain'd with stone Here lies a King whom envie must Acknowledge to be good and iust A Prince unflattered worthier farre Then his owne fame or such as are Pure gold by strong afflictions tried By hope and patience mortified Religious Martyr Austrians hate Vnchang'd in all the powers of fate In this Tombe onely now at rest Vntill the rising of the blest It is enough this Tragedie to tell This is the Prince for whom Gustavus fell AN ELEGY Vpon the most victorious KING of Sweden Gustavus Adolphus LIke a cold Fatall Sweat which Vshers Death My Thoughts hang on mee and my labouring Breath Stopt up with Sighes My Phant'sy bigge with Woes Feeles two Twinn'd Mountaines struggle in her Throes Of boundlesse Sorrow one T'other of Sinne For lesse let no one rate it To Begin Where Honour Ends. In Great Gustavus flame That Stile burnt out and wasted to a Name Does barely liue with us As when the Stuffe Which fed it failes the Taper turnes to Snuffe With this poore Snuffe This Fiery Shaddow we Of Fame and Honour must contented be Since from the vaine graspe of our wishes fled Their glorious Substance is now Hee is Dead Speake it againe and Lowder Lowder yet Else whilst we heare the Sound we shall forget What it delivers Let hoarse Rumour cry Till Shee so many Ecchoes multiply Those may like numerous witnesses confute Our unbeleeving Soules that would Dispute And Doubt this Truth for ever This one way Is left our Incredulity to sway To waken our deafe Sense and make our Eares As open and dilated as our Feares That we may feele the Blow and feeling grieve At what we would not feine but must beleeve And in that horrid Faith behold the World From her proud height of Expectation hurl'd Stooping with Him As if Shee strove to have No Lower Center now then Swedens Grave O! could not all thy purchas'd Victories Like to thy Fame thy Flesh immortalize Were not thy Vertue nor thy Valour charmes To guard Thy Body from those outward harmes Which could not reach Thy Soule could not thy Spirit Lend somewhat which thy Frailtie might inherit From thy Diviner part that Death nor Hate Nor Envies bullets ere could penetrate Could not thy early Trophees in sterne fight Torne from the Dane the Pole the Muscovite Which were thy Triumphs Seeds as pledges Sow'n That when thy Honours harvest was ripe grow'n With full Summ'd wing Thou Falcon-like would'st fly And cuffe the Eagle in the Germane Sky Forcing his Iron-Beake and Feathers feele They were not proofe ' gainst thy Victorious Steele Could not all these protect Thee or prevaile To fright that Coward Death who oft grew pale To looke Thee and thy Battailes in the face Alas they could not Destiny gives place To None Nor is it seene that Princes Lives Can saved be by their Prerogatives No more was Thine who clos'd in thy cold Lead Do'st from Thy selfe a mournfull Lecture read Of Mans short dated Glory Learne You Kings You are like Him but penetrable things Though You from Demi-Gods derive your Birth You are at best but Honourable Earth And how-ere Sifted from that courser bran Which does Compound and Knead the Common Man Nothing 's Immortall or from Earth refin'd About you but your Office and your Mind Here then breake your False Glasses which present You Greater then your Maker ever meant Make Truth your Mirour now Since you find all That flatter You confuted by His Fall Yet since it was decreed Thy Life 's bright Sunne Must be Eclips'd ere Thy full Course was runne Be proud Thou didst in Thy Blacke Obsequies With greater Glory Set then others Rise For in thy Death as Life Thou heldest one Most just and regular proportion Looke how the Circles drawne by Compasse meet Indivisibly joyned head to feet And by continued Points which them unite Grow at once Circular and Infinite So did thy Fate and Honour now contend To match Thy brave Beginning with thy End Therefore Thou hadst in stead of Passing Bels The Drums and Cannons Thunder for thy Knels And in the Field Thou didst Triumphing Dye Closing thy Eye-lids with a Victory That so by Thousands who there lost their breath King-like Thou mightst be waited on in Death Liv'd Plutarch now and would of Caesar tell He could make none but Thee his Parallell Whose Tide of Glory swelling to the brim Needs borrow no addition from Him When did Great Iulius in any clime Atchieve so much and in so small a time Or if He did yet shalt Thou in That Land Single for Him and unexampled stand When ore the Germanes first his Eagle towr'd What saw the Legeons which on them he powr'd But Massy Bodies made their Swords to try Subjects not for his Magis triumphati quà m victi Tacit de Mor. Germ. Fight but Slavery In that so vast expanded peece of ground Now Swedens Theater and Tombe he found Nothing worth Caesars valour or his feare No Conqu'ring Army nor a Tilly there Whose strength nor wiles nor practise in the Warre Might the fierce torrent of Thy Triumphes barre But that Thy winged Sword Twise made him yeeld Both from his Trenches beat and from the Field Besides the Romane thought he had done much Did he the Banke of Rhenus only touch But though his March was bounded by the Rhine Not Oder nor the Danube Thee confine And but thy Frailty did thy Fame prevent Thou hadst Thy Conquests stretch't to such extent Thou might'st Vienna reach and after span From Mulda to the Baltick Ocean But Death hath Spann'd Thee Nor must we divine What Heire Thou leav'st to finish Thy Designe Or who shall Thee succeed as Champion For Liberty and for Religion Thy Taske is done As in a Watch the Spring Wound to the height relaxes with the String So Thy Steele nerves of Conquest from their Steep Ascent declin'd lye slackt in thy Last Sleep Rest then Triumphant Soule for ever rest And like the Phoenix in her Spicy nest Embalm'd with Thine owne Merit upward fly Borne in a Cloud of Perfume to the Sky Whilst as in deathlesse Vrnes each noble Mind Treasures thy Ashes which are left behind And if perhaps no Cassiopeian Sparke Which in the North did Thy first Rising marke Shine ore Thy Hearse The breath of our just Praise Shall to the Firmament Thy vertues Raise Then Fixe and Kindle Them into a Starre Whose Influence may crowne Thy Glorious Warre HENRY KING On the famous CHAMPION of Christendome Gustavus Adolphus King of Sweden c. CAn Christendom's great Champion sinke away Thus silently into a bed of Clay Can such a Monarch die and yet not have An Earthquake for to open him a grave Did there no Meteor fright the Universe Nor Comet hold a torch unto his hearse Was there no clap of thunder heard to tell All Christendome their losse and ring his Knell Impartiall Fates I see that Princes then Though they live gods yet they must dye like men And the same passing
the masters of the field must now and then take their turnes and be beaten out of it The Swedish part of the Armie which returned from the fight to Altzeim went presently with the Chancellor back againe to Mentz and the other part that moved towards Creutznach went forward with the Rhinegrave after a while into the Huntsruck There hee reprised though with some little adoe at first the townes of Kirchberg Simmern and others wherein the Spaniards had left some weake garrisons Nor had the Swedish after this much adoe about the Palatinate till that in July after they were sent for by the King to Norimberg The state in which the Spaniards left the Palatinate shall wee now tell you of The state in which the Spanish now left the Palatinate and the Bishoprick of Spiers Having made themselves masters of Spiers they forced some garrisons upon the next neighbor walled townes that had beene voluntarily quitted by such Swedish as were there enquartered even as the selfe-same townes had beene before quitted by the Spanish as Pag. 59 of our Second Part wee have before told you These townes were Aenwyler Cron-Wessenburg Landau and some others and out of these as being nothing fencible they now at parting withdraw their new-put-in garrisons At Germersheim onely did they now leave some companies This being a pretty tight place of it selfe would be a good safegard besides unto the strong towne of Vdenheim or Philipsburg which lyes but one Dutch league to the East of it the Rhine running just betweene them The garrison of this towne which had beene put in partly by the Bishop of Spires and partly by the Chapter and which by often going out upon Boote-haling Partees with the Spanish garrisons of Heidleberg and Franckendale especially before the Spanish and the Bishop had any difference had beene three quarters Spaniolized they now left in very good termes with themselves and upon termes with their Lord the Bishop now enemie to the Spaniards The Chapter or Dom-Herren of the Cathedrall Church of Spiers was their friend and their owne Bishops adversarie and for their sakes did the Spanish now forbeare the other lands of the Bishoprick The quarrell was this The Bishop Philip Christofer of Spiers was now Elector of Triers also whither in the yeare 1623 he had beene chosen This Prince had not onely concluded his Neutralitie with the King of Sweden See Page 69 and 72 of our Second Part. but put himselfe under the French Kings protection and by a Proclamation commanded all the Spaniards out of his countrey His Fort and Electorall castle of Hermanstein had he now also actually consigned over unto the French and had likewise sent unto Vdenheim the towne of his Residence for his Bishopricke of Spiers to have that delivered over to them This so enraged both his Chapters of Triers and of Spiers who were wholly Austrianized that they forthwith proceeded to a formall and legall Admonition of him which amounts to little lesse then a Deprivation Differences betwixt the Bishop of Spiers and his Chapter concerning Vdenheim The Bishop sending his Trumpet unto the garrison of Vdenheim to deliver up the place unto the French his desire was countermanded by the Chapter of Spiers so that the Governour answered peremptorily That he held for the Emperor Thus were the French Generalls frustrated of this hope Having here made mention of the Elector of Triers and his French dependancie Swedish Neutralitie and enmity with the Spaniards it shall not be amisse to repeate something here though from an ancienter originall which may conduce to the understanding of his State and our Storie This Philip Christofer then Bishop of Spiers onely had his ordinarie Residence at this Vdenheim and some old discontents betwixt the Palsgrave and the Bishop about it concerning which there had formerly fallen out a controversie betwixt the last Prince Palatine him and upon this occasion In the yeare 1618. the Bishop had a mind to fortifie this Vdenheim against which the Palsgrave thus argued That the place had beene viewed and the modell projected by Spinola That it thereby being made suspitious would become also dangerous to his Estate if either his enemies should get in thither and the causes or the Bishops in time to come prove enemies to the Palatinate He urged also that this fortification would hinder his right of sending convoyes or Safe-Conducts by or through the towne That it was contrary to the priviledges of the citie of Spiers which was to have no new Fort erected within 3 leagues of it The Bishop not desisting for all these reasons the Elector Palatine procures a meeting of some Princes at Heilbrun upon it There did the Duke of Wirtemberg the Marquesse of Durlach and the Earles of the Wetteraw assist the Palsgrave with 4000 armed men to slight and dismantle the whole Fortification Hereupon was it thus agreed betwixt the Palsgrave and the Bishop with consent of the Dom-Herren or Prebends of Spiers that the part betwixt the Fore-towne and the Castle should bee left unfortified and never to be made up but by consent of the Palatines That the Bishop should never put above 30 men into it for Day-Warders and that in time of warres the place should be a refuge for the Paligraves subjects But this agreement was in time of these late warres then broken by the Bishop when the Palsgrave had no power left to exact the performance of it But thus much hath the Bishop now gained by it that this towne of Vdenheim which hee built against the will of his friends he hath now fortified for his enemies The Captaine that now commanded in this Philipsburg having made this denyall to the Bishops Trumpet to shew him withall how much good earnest he meant in it set fire presently upon some of the new buildings next the castle to prevent the lodging of any enemies in it and prepares himselfe throughly for resistance This was the state of Udenheim when the Spaniards forsooke the Palatinate The constitution of all the countrey together was this In Franckendale the Spaniards left or were to leave 1200. In Heidleberg 2000. In Spiers 1000 and in Germersheim about halfe so many In Neustat likewise Bretten Sintzheim Pfeddersheim Germersheim and Fidelsheim they left some smaller garrisons Some writing tells mee that Don Philip de Sylva did not send in those 1000 foot and 5 Cornets of horse into Franckendale as he had promised I perceive that the chiefe command over the Militia in the Palatinate was entrusted principally in the hands of Colonel Metternich Governour of Heidleberg All the Countrey of Alsatia was left to the Marquesse William of Baden But he staid not long in that his regencie For hearing how ill the Spanish had sped in their retreate that the Swedish armie was returned to Mentz that Gustavus Horne was comne downe to be Generall about the Rhine and Mosel and that the passages betwixt Heidleberg and Franckendale were likely to
or 6 dayes brought his Approaches close up to their castle moate Besieges the Castle of Grafenburg and had a day or two battered their hard wals with 14 peeces of Canon He had so soarely shaken a great Rundle or Tower of the castle that he could within a few houres make it saultable Upon another side also close by the water had he a second Batterie and there would he within a day or 2 be readie for a storming The Spanish Governor perceiving all this and that he had hardly men enough to defend all his walls in a generall assault nor hope of being relieved from other parts he having done his part very well on Munday July 2 hangs out his white streamer from the castle to signifie his desire of a Parlie Articles being the same night concluded upon the Spanish march out the next Tuesday being the 3 and were convoyed towards Luxemburg and takes it This was a strong place and of as much importance almost as the Castle of Hermanstein Here did Horn finde so sufficient a store of victualls and ammunition that had it beene as throughly manned as victualled he could not in thrice that time have mastered it In this meane time had the Elector of Triers given a very friendly interview unto the Rhinegrave about Coblentz shewing good content towards him for his cleering Coblentz of the Spanish The Elector of Triers well contented with the Swedish So well was he appayed with the Swedish usage of his subjects that he sent presently into Spiers citie and other places of both his Bishopricks to publish the new agreement and confirmation of the Neutralitie that he had contracted with the King of Sweden To this towne of Coblentz had the Elector of Cullen by the 26 or 28 of June likewise sent his Ambassadors and thither were the Rex Chancellor Oxenstiern comne from Mentz and Gustavus Horn for 2 or 3 dayes too whilest his Armie was before Graâ—enburg There did the Elector againe solicite and obtaine his Neutralitie both from the Kings of France and Sweden The Bishop of Cullen obtains a Neutrality the French Ambassador being also at the Treaty The Neutralitie extended no farther then to the Electors Bishoprick of Cullen upon the East side of the Rhine but to his Bishoprick of Paderborn and his lands in Westphalia it extended not for the Landgrave of Hessen had his garrisons then in many of the townes of those parts The Neutralitie was also to be confirmed by the 2 Kings for whose seeing of the Articles and returne of the Expresses there were 6 weekes 2 moneths say some allotted Upon this agreement was the Elector to casheire the Count of Merode and his Regiments and not to give him passage through his countrey unto Ossa and Monte-Cuculi in Alsatia This is the reason that though Merode presently after this received a command from Walstein to march into Alsatia yet could he not obey those directions but was faine to passe the Rhine at Keyferswert and conjoyne himselfe with Pappenheim then going to Maestricht The Duke of Newburg also and the Duke of Newburg treates for it whose house and residence then was about Dusseldorp upon the Rhine next neighbour unto Cullen he likewise solicited a Neutralitie but what termes he obtained I know not this one thing is observed that this Prince hath either beene not constant or not fortunate in his Treaties Horn takes in Bern castle and Veldents Gustavus Horn being master now of Trarbach and of Grafenburg seases in the next place upon Bern Castle and Veldents towne both upon the Mosel towards Triers and within 5 or 6 English miles of Trarbach And thus the Spanish being on both sides of the Mosel and by the Rhines side cleered out of the Elector of Triers countrie even as farre as Triers citie the Elector contented the townes which the Swedes had taken delivered backe into his hands and by him consigned over to the French according to the King of Swedens agreement with the French King the Elector of Cullen also having sued out his Neutralitie and discharged â—erode of his service and attendance upon the Rhine and Mosel all these things being so quickly and so quietly dispatcht about those parts and the French then likely to be made strong enough by the comming of the marshall D'Estre and the vicount Arpaiou to attack Triers citie Gustavus Horn retires the Armie back againe unto Mentz And all in good time Oxenstiern goes towards Norimberg The Chancellor Oxenstiern with 8000 of the forces that had beene left about Mentz and with some of the Rhinegraves Armie now returned out of Triers countrie was by the 11 of July marcht up to the reliefe of the King of Sweden before Norimberg so that there was some want of an Armie about Mentz and the Palatinate Duke Iulius Administrator of the Duchie of Wirtemberg had likewise sent word unto this our Swedish Felt-Marshal of Ossaes Monte-Cuculies being upon the wing upon the frontiers of Alsatia Wirtemberg the Palatinate and of Metternichs the Governor of Heidlebergs purpose to take in Wiseloch so that now it was high time for Gustavus Horn to have dispatched with the Spanish and to looke this way againe towards the Imperialists True it is that the Rhinegraves Armie after the taking of Coblentz had beene sent backe towards the Palatinate and had there recovered Sintzheim and Bretten both a little East of Spiers and South of Heidleberg towards the land of Wirtemberg and Marquisate of Durlach Upon this neerenesse of the Swedish Spiers forsaken by the garrison the Imperiall and Bavarian garrison which the Spanish had left behinde them in Spiers city voluntarily abandon it Captaine Onrust with 250 men was commanded to goe for Heidleberg some companies of Metternich with the new levyed forces of the citie went with Commissary Eltzen to the Marquisate of Baden They tooke 12 peeces of ordnance along with them 100 double muskets one wagon laden with match many barrells of Gunpowder great store of Salt-peter and all the Armor of the townsmen that they could lay their hands on so that the Burgers were faine to keepe their watch and ward at the ports and upon the tower with battons barres of iron and such other wepons The Boors were fain to furnish the departing soldiours with horses for their wagons many of which were returned them by Tom Long the caryer Three hundred Swedish are upoÌ„ this thrust into it 4 troops of horse That now wee may the better understand the warres of Alsatia and this part of the Palatinate we shall doe well to looke into the neighbour Dukedome of Wirtemberg and Circle of Schwaben from whence the Imperialists came into these quarters Duke Iulius * His yong Cosin was not yet comne to the government as He since is Hee yet was with his mother at Geneva to keepe out of the Emperors reach to whom by agreement of Duke Julius with Furstenburg they were to have
but to see what countenance the besieged still carryed They beat off an assault But those hee found so good that his men were beaten off againe one of his soldiers onely having snatcht down an Ensigne from the Rampant in despight of all the small shot of the defendants purposely aimed upon him By this time was Gustavus Horns Armie more increased then when he first sate downe before Benfeldt and that especially and of late by the comming of Battalie a French Colonell with 600 men which he hoped to make up a Regiment compleat out of those forces which his King had a little before casheired in Lorraine By the 25 had Horn sapt himselfe close unto the Rampier and by the 26 notwithstanding all Countermining had he brought his mine under it put in his powder and made it readie to play The 27 he prepared all things ready to storme into the Breach which upon the springing of the mine he infallibly expected That morning did Governor Bulach send out a Trūpet with open letters in his hand which he desired leave of the Felt Marshall to carrie to the Governor of the Bishoprick of Strasburg then at Zabern to discover the weake estate of the towne to him and to desire him to propound the conditions for his rendring requesting a 3 dayes truce in the meane time till the returne of the messenger But this message was by Gustavus Horn controlled The last assault and the Trumpet sent backe againe Towards night doe the Swedish resolve upon the firing of their mine which the besieged perceiving resolutely fall out upon it and fight with them at the mines mouth all that afternoone the whole night following and the next day till 2 a clock after dinner Horn continually relieved his men with new seconds yea his dragooners and Horsemen too were on foot brought on still to pursue the storming His men were very earnest with him that he would accept of no composition but that they might have leave to take it by force and that their reward for all their hardship before it might bee the pillage of it But Bulach having both done and suffered as much as might be expected from a man in his place perceiving his men to be sorely harassed and over-watched his enemies forces encreased they backed by Strasburg and himselfe not likely to be relieved from Zabern that the mine was ready to spring and the besieged hasty to fall into the first breach Benfelt yielded is contented that some of his people had alreadie hanged out a white Ensigne in signe of parlie himselfe sending out to require hostages This was done in the afternoone of Simon and Iudes day October 28 whereupon the next day both parties agreed upon these thirteene conditions and the conditions 1. That the Governor with all the Captaines Officers and common soldiers should depart freely going out with Colours flying drummes beating matches lighted bullets in the mouth and with full Armes And that they should carry all their families with them with horses and wagons sufficient for the carrying away of their baggage that they should have a field peeces and one wagons loading of powder bulletts and matches That the Governor moreover should with his wife children cosins sisters and servants with their baggage be convoyed into Zabern and the other Captaines and soldiers to Brisach pledges being given on both sides according to the custome 2. That the Ecclesiasticks and Religious persons and especially those that lived in Achle should have free exercise of religion as heretofore they have had and leave to maintaine themselves upon Almes and as for those that were resolved to go otherwhere they should have free leave to go together with their goods and soldiers for the guard of them 3. That the citizens also should have free exercise of the Romane Catholick religion 4. Those that were Officers of the Bishoprick should have leave of departing likewise with their goods and families 2 wagons with their horses being allowed them they first of all delivering unto certaine deputies appointed in the King of Swedens name their Coucher-bookes and other Records concerning the estate of the Bishopricke together with a true account of all things hitherto deposited 5. The sick and wounded which were not now able to march out with the rest should have leave to tarry in the towne till they were recovered after which they should have Passes to goe whither they desired 6. That the Governor Captaines Officers Soldiers and Citizens that had any lands within the Bishoprick should have libertie among the rest who had yeelded themselves into the King of Swedens protection either to inhabite and make the best of them or to sell them as they pleased 7. That the Governor now presently after the rendring should have a Passe from Gustavus Horn for the sending of an Officer with his letters unto the Governor Generall of the Bishoprick to certifie him of the proceedings 8. That none of the priviledges freedomes jurisdictions and Rights of City or Citizens should be diminished nor should any ransomes be exacted of them but that they should have a protection rather against any injurie that might be done by the garrison which was to be put upon them and that right and justice might indifferently be administred to every man 9. That all and singular the citizens now within the towne should have leave either to sell their goods presently or within a certaine time when they could after which they might freely depart and take Passes to that purpose 10. That the Citizens having houses either in the towne or Countrey should have leave to till their lands and enjoy their stocks horses cattell and other goods serving to that purpose without ransome 11. That the prisoners on both sides should bee set free without ransome 12. That all militarie ammunition victualls and other things not particularly belonging unto the Governor Officers Soldiers nor Citizens should without fraud be delivered unto such persons as should be appointed by the Felt-Marshall 13. That the yeelding of the towne should be at eight a clock the next morning and of the Suburbs before evening And if the Governor by reason of some hinderance could not goe in the morning he should then have leave to tarry with his familie in his owne house till the next morning and the soldiers in the Suburbs Upon these Articles Tuesday October 30 was the town delivered the Governor marching out with 400 Foot and 120 Horsemen One of his Foot-Captaines and whole company turned soldiers to the Swedish The towne thus conquered was afterwards entrusted over unto those of Strasburg The town being made over to the Strasburgers by which courtesie they were not a little strengthned this strong towne having shrewdly heretofore punished them It pleased his Highnesse the Duke of Lorraine about the end of the next moneth is claimed by the Duke of Lorrain to lay some claime unto this towne of Benfelt as also unto Dachstein which the
Wirtembergs countrie Leaving therefore a sufficient part of the Armie with the Rhinegrave for keeping what was conquered in Alsatia he the eighteenth of December passes the Rhine at Schona to goe against the Bavarians about the Danubie These he quickly made to finde the way over their Lech againe and since then with the assistance of Duke Bernard and Banier hath forced quite out of Bavaria to another part of the Danubie even their old starting holes of Ingolstat and of Regenspurg But this prosecution I meane not to meddle with Turne we back now to the Landgrave of Hesseus victories THE ACTIONS AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE LANDGRAVE OF HESSEN From the time of his receiving some aides from the King of Sweden at Werben untill his joyning with the said King againe about the Ringaw A Storie of some 3 moneths THat our Reader may not mistake the chief person in the Action t is Landgrave William of Hessen-Cassel whom wee treate of Son and heire unto that so famous and learned Prince Maurice of Hessen who was yet alive at Franckford banisht from his owne Estate by the Emperor The chiefe of the quarrell which the Emperor had to him was for his Religion and some Church-lands The Landgraves complaint against the Emperor againe was for a Sentence partly by Caesar passed against him Anno 1623 by which the towne and Universitie of Maxpurg in Hessen were adjudged away from him unto his Cozin the Landgrave Lodowick of Hessen Darmstat a Lutherane by profession and not so point blanck opposite unto the Catholicke partie and whose sonne hath been a diligent instrument of the Emperors to draw the King of Sweden to a Treatie when he lay at Mentz and still works with his Father in Law the Elector of Saxonie to the same purpose Of this Imperiall Sentence the Elector of Cullen with him of Saxonie had been one of the Commissioners and Executioners which made the Landgrave stomack him After that the businesse of Germany became on the Catholicke side a Leaguer-warre and a Quarrell of Religion then were the Protestants on all hands laid at by these Leaguers as well as by the Emperor every of them flying upon his next neighbour Whereas therefore the Landgrave had chiefely been borne downe by the Electors of Mentz and Cullen on the one side and by the neere Abbies of Fulda and Hirschfeld on the other with these he now begins to cry quittance so soone namely as he findes himselfe strong enough and that the King of Sweden had so potently already advanced into Germany To make way therefore for this Landgraves invading of others wee will first shew you how hee cleered his owne Countrey at home even then infested by the Imperialists About the beginning of September 1631 as in our First Part wee have told you the Landgrave returnes from the King of Sweden with some aides for the guard of his owne Countrey and that gallant Cavalier Duke Bernard of Saxon-Weymar was also at this time with him The Landgrave being returned first musters up an Armie of some 4000 Foot whereof 3600 were old soldiers the rest traind Boores and amongst them 3 Companies of hardie Forrestiers and Huntsmen of which last kinde of people the Princes of these woodie countries have a great multitude To these 4000 Foot were 1000 Horse and 2 peeces of ordnance joyned His quarrell seemed chiefely to be intended against the Bishopricks and abby-Abby-lands which was as crosse as might be unto the late Imperiall Decree of Ratisbone And not so onely but even against the Imperiall familie also The Emperors second sonne Prince Rodolph William was now Abbot of Hirschfeld in Hessen-land next neighbour unto the Landgraves owne possessions This yong Prince upon the resignation of his Unckle the Archduke Leopold was made Priest and had his Bishopricks of Passaw and Strasburg in lieu of which the Archduke was made Administrator of all the lands of the house of Gratz of which this Emperor is in Alsatia Tirole c. This Princely yong Priest was in the yeare 1628 chosen Abbot of Hirschfeld aforesaid and should have beene Archbishop of Madenburg also whose missing of it was the destruction of that goodly Citie He had the Abby of Hirschfeld with condition that the Landgraves right unto the Citie and the Citizens freedome of religion should be reserved The present Abbot and Prince of Fulda was one Iohn Bernard Schenck of Schweinsberg Elected Anno 1623. who by the Title of his Abby is likewise one of the Princes of the Empire To the towne of Fulda hath the Landgrave some pretences also This towne of Hirschfeld and the Abby-lands about it being upon the river Fulda in the very heart of Hassia were since these warres still guarded by some Imperiall forces and military men for the most part being nothing daintie of committing Actions of Trespasses had trenched with the furthest upon the Landgraves Royalties and the Cities priviledges This was another of the greevances Towards this Hirschfeld therefore so soon as he came from the King the Landgrave converts his forces He cleeres Hirschfeld The Generall Fugger was already gone out of his countrey hasting to be one at the Battle of Leipsich by which meanes had the Landgrave the better opportunity to bring the place to a composition That done he about the middle of the moneth advances Westward unto Fritzlar with the 5000 men afore mentioned This handsome towne though scituated upon the river Eder within the boūds of Hassia close unto the Frontiers of Waldeck yet belonged it unto the Archbishop Elector of Mentz and had beene often heretofore quarrelled at by the former Landgraves The garrison answeres his summons as if they held for Iupiter in thunder and lightning namely such as they could make with their ordnance The Landgrave replies as if he had Commission from Vulcan for having gained to the gate by his Approaches he claps to a Petard by that breach his soldiers rush into the City Then would the garrison have compounded Takes Fritzlar but soldiers whose very vocation suffers them not to be too tender-hearted use not when victorious to listen too suddenly to the word Quarter The Execution being over the towne is plundered and doe the Landgrave what he could with his drawn sword to beate off his owne people yet for 2 houres together they flew upon the spoile The Landgrave gave as good order as the present furie would hearken to for the sparing of the Ecclesiasticks for all which a many soldiers came Masking abroade in the Monks and Friers Cowles and Habits the rude Forrestiers perchance mistooke the Monks in their severall Weedes for some strange wilde beasts such as they used to kill in the woods and to goe marching home with the skinnes upon their shoulders The Hassians shewed the more spleene against this towne for that the Governour had scoffed heretofore at their Landgrave had plundered 2 of his dorps in the jurisdiction of Girdersberg and disarmed the soldiers that defended them
both hands of it is low morasses Causeyes running al along thorough them The countrey on the North of it is the Keydinger land vulgarly called the Land of Kayne and that part to the East and Southward is called the Old land of Stoade There was a garrison of almost if not altogether 40â—0 men in the towne Pappenheims owne kinsman being the Governour Here had the Besiegers exercise enough the Besieged dayly falling out into their Quarters Sometimes did they affront their Quarters with mighty Partees of a full thousand otherwise with 2 or 300 Horsemen or more with muskettiers behind them Thus would they give a Camisado beat and fire a Quarter now and then and so in againe never standing to it to make good any thing And thus went on the businesse all this moneth and the next Todt having neither purpose nor power to attempt more upon the towne the garrison plainely being neere as strong as his Army especially after the taking of Bremersford which next followed In the end of Aprill whilest Stoade was blockt was this towne of Bremersford besieged by a Regiment of the Archbishop of Bremens At this towne whilest the Bishop had it was his Palace and place of Residence The besieged were hard put to it for provisions for all which they had taken a desperate oath that they would never yeeld the towne but to the Kings Army Bremersford taken The Generall Todt being advertised of this resolution sends away Sir Frederick Hamiltons Regiment under the command of his Leiftenant Colonell Coningham to take in the Citie The besieged no sooner saw his Colours flye before their Walls but they presently entred into a Parly The Bremers Colonell hereupon being jealous of his honor privately and presently made tender unto them of better conditions whereupon they immediately concluded and marcht out every way like soldiers into Stoade No sooner was this done but there came newes instantly unto Bremersford that Pappenheim with 9 or 10000 Foot and 5000 Horse was comming and within 10 houres march of them and indeed this towne was directly in his way to Stoade-ward Command was now sent from the Generall that the Regiment should hasten away to Boxtehude and deliver up Bremersford to the Bremers Colonell The Regiment being most Irish and Scots used to wading and night-marching came flouncing thorough the Bogs and By-places and recovered safely into Boxtehude notwithstanding the enemies drummes were all the night within hearing This was about the end of our April Pappenheims march was froÌ„ Hamelen and Nyenburg upon the Weser along to the Northward thorow the Bishoprick of Ferden and the edge of Lunenburg and then betweene the Fennes of Bremerland Leaving the river Zwing upon his right hand and crowding in betweene Bremersford and Harseneld cloyster Pappenheim enters Stoade hee thrust himselfe into Stoade Citie Hee was indeed though not so many as he gave out himselfe for yet much about 10000 Horse and Foot which with the Towne-garrison was farre too strong for Todts Armie He therefore now gave way to him marching to Boxtehude and thorow it to get all his owne Army to a head for resistance Pappenheim was in Stoade before the Swedes imagined he could have beene himselfe giving them the first assurance of his being there by the shooting off in a militarie bravery all his Ordnance He being now in Stoade had the passage into the Keydingerland Cutts off Leslyes Regiment to the North of him open There was the Regiment of Major Generall Leslyes and 4 Companies of Colonell Monroes of Obsdell enquartered to block up Stoade on that side Upon these now falls Pappenheim cuts them off all takes 19 Colours and Major Leslyes owne Ensigne amongst them Of those that were taken prisoners Officers were made prisoners to Officers Captaines to Captaines and so forth and notwithstanding that the Pappenheimers had spare horses enow for that they tooke a breed of Mares out of the Land yet made they their prisoners to trott on foot at their stirrops like their Horse boyes Now did Pappenheim cast about to get into the Old land both for the pillage of the countrey and to get the Elb cleere if it were possible and withall to exercise Todts people whilest he provided to bee going The Boores being now up in their owne defence about the skonce and some Dragooners and other soldiers being amongst them Pappenheim supposed the action more faiseable to beate thorow Hornburg and Todts Army there Offers to force Todts Armye then thorow the Boores Causeyes and Morasses This Hornburg though it were well seated for a Passe yet was it but a small Fleck untill some new cast up Workes had now well fortifyed the passage Upon this now falls Pappenheim and upon this he so thunders with his Ordnance that he beates all downe before him And yet here was good opposition made unto him and by some Scottish too of Sir Frederick Hamiltons Regiment amongst whom Captaine Gibson was said to have behaved himselfe bravely Here was Major Generall Lohausens horse shot under him The Generall Todt perceiving the towne not to be maintained gives order to have fire put to it and retreated with his Armie to a great work he had betweene the towne and the Old land lying upon a water This was maintained by a Forlorne hope left for the defence of it untill the Army retreated thorow the Old land to Boxtehude-ward This done the Forlorne hope came off safely The towne of Boxtehude being not large enough to entertaine Todts whole Armie hee marcht thorow it and laid them in Dorps till he had occasion to draw them to a head againe Pappenheim being thus defeated of his passage into the Old land by Hornburg and put into Stoade againe hee the third of May forced his way thorow by the skonce aforesaid There his Crabats were seene prancing and pricking up and downe along the Causeyes comming almost to Boxtehude He gets into the Old Land There being but small reliefe for them to bee had Todt had taken order for that they set fire upon the Countrey Iust as highway theeves will beate those travailers that carry no money about them But all this could he make nothing of Todt had all the countrey about him the Elb and the way to it was shut up so that there was no reliefe that way to becomne at The towne of Stoade was not to be maintained by him because his Army could not be maintained by it The way back againe was full of Passes and Streightnesses But is faine to quitt that so that there he might be coopt up and starved should he stay so long till the power of the country could have time to come downe upon him And especially was there a Passe at an old mill by the Fennes and the old cloyster and there had Todt had the stomack to it he might have hazzarded to have kept Pappenheim in the Coope a fatning But he durst not he was farre too weake loath
the Weser 153 Gustavi-Stadt the new Towne built by the King of Sweden at Mentz 11 H. HAckapells a Nickname given to the Finlanders 148 Hagenaw yielded to the Swedish 75 Hamburgers refuse to joyne with their neighbor Princes in a league 102 Hamelen Towne to whom it belongeth 120 Pappenheym thereabouts 119 Haubald made Governour of Manheym 11 He takes Stolhoven 48 and Obernheim 50 Hildesheim Towne accords with Lunenburg 138 Taken by Pappenheym 151 Hirschfeld the Emperors Son is Abbot of it 80 Accords with the Landgrave 8â— Horn comes to command the Army in the Palatinate 19 Advances into Triers Country 30 Takes Trarbach and Grafenburg 33 and Veldentz 34 Returnes into the Palatinate 4â— Reyses the siege of Wiseloch 43 Defeates 1000. Imperiall Horse 45 Pursues Monte Cuculi 45 Obteynes passage of the Strasburgers 46 Helps the Wurtemburgers to take Offenburg 51 Besieges Benfelâ— 55 Takes it 64 Takes Schletstat 71 And Colmar 74 Marches up into Bavaria 77 Hornburg Todt encamps at it 128 Pappenheym offers to force it 133 I. IEsuites of Schletstat Conjurers and Poysoners 68 K. KAlckstein takes Steinau Fort. 159 and Nowmarckt Kant 162 King of Bohemia comes to Franckford 62 Dyes 76 King of Denmarke some jealousies betweene him and the K. of Sweden reconciled 136 Kirchberg taken by the Spanish 2 recovered 26 Klein Jaacob joynes with Baudissin 147 skirmishes with Gronsfeld 148 Knitlingen in the Palatinate burnt by Monte Cuculi 41 L. LAndgrave of Hessen his Storie 78 he cleeres Hirschfeld 80 takes Fritzlar 81 Cleeres his Land of the Jmperialists 82 Advances into Paderborn 83 and into Westphalia 84 His Letters to the Elector of Cullen 85 Paderborn and Westphalia accorded with him 88 89 He goes to the King of Sweden 90 Leopold Archduke dyes 54 Lesly Sir Alexander comes to take charge of Todes Army 128 His Regiment out off by by Pappenheym 132 Letters of Tilly to the Protestants of the Lower-Saxony 98 Letters of Count Furstenberg 53 of the Landgrave to Cullen 85 Lignitz Duke accords with Arnheym 159 Lower Saxony the actions in it 91 Lucas Cagro defeated 6 Lunenburg Duke made Generall in place of Todt 138 his Army 141 Takes Duderstat 144 Devides the Army and goes to Wulfenbuttle 145 Beaten up 146 Lusatia the actions in it 155 M. MAgdenburg the Story of it 106 The L. Marquesse Hamilton and Banier besiege it 107 Brought to a Treaty 109 Relieved by Pappenheym 110 Forsaken by him and entred by the Swedish 115 Markelsheim taken by the Rhynegrave 67 Marquesse Hamilton lands in Germany 107 His way to Magdenburg ibid Vnwilling to goe from the siege of Magdenburg 110 Refuses to flee over the Passe to Banier 110 Goes up to the K. of Sweden 116 Marquesse William of Baden demands Spiers from the Spaniards and is denyed 13 Left in Spiers 15 Forsakes it 35 Ioynes with Ossa and Monte Cuculi 39 Made generall in Alsatia 52 Metternich Governour of Heidelberg 25 the chiefe man in the Palatinate ibid. besieges Wiseloch 42 Levies his owne siege 43 Monte Cuculi comes into Alsatia 39 Seases the Strasburgers Townes 40 AdvaÌ„ces into the Palatinate 40 His designe upon Spiers 41 Burnes Knitlingen 41 Two of his Regiments defeated by Horn. 44 He flees over the Rhyne 45 Ioynes with Metternichs 3. Regiments in Alsatia 46 Goes into Bavaria 52 N. NEwburg Duke treates a Neutrality 34 O. OFfenburg takeÌ„ by Horn. 51 Olan bridge wonne by Arnheym 168 Ortenburg Castle surrendred to Horn. 52 Ossa busie in Alsatia 1 the good order he had taken in Wurtenburgland 37 38 R'allees with Baden and Monte Cuculi 39 Summons Strasburg 40 avoyds out of Alsatia 52 Oxenstiern Chancellor pursues the Spaniards of the Palatinate 17 Concludes a Neutrality with the Elector of Cullen 34 Goes with an Army to the King 35 P. PAderborn the Landgraueâ— actions in it 83 c. He summons the Gentry 88 Palatinate the Spaniards come into it 2 Forsake it 17 The State they left it in 22 c Pappenheym set out by the Leaguers 111 How he made up his Army 111. 112 Enters Magdenburg 113 Forsakes it 114 Goes into Lunenburg-laÌ„d 117 Passes the Weser 118 Recalled by his CoÌ„missary 119 Cuts off 1500. Swedish 121 His craftinesse ibid. Comes into the field again 124 Marches into BremerlaÌ„d 126 Relieves Stoade 134 Cuts off Lesly's RegimeÌ„t ib. Offers to force Todts army 133 Forsakes Stoade 134 Thought to correspond with Denmarks 135 Falls into Hassia 539 goes backe against the Swedish 141 Affronts theÌ„ by Hildesheim 142 Goes to Maestricht 143 Puts Baudissin to the retreit 149 Takes Hildesheim 151 Marches up to Walenstein 153 Takes Towns in Duringen 154 P. PHilip de Sylva Generall of the Spanish in the Palatinate 152 Returnes into the Low CouÌ„tryes 16 Protestants how miserably used by the Leaguers c. 85 Protestant Princes of the Lower Saxonie their Dyet and Levies 97 101 R Rhinegraue goes against the Spaniards 4 Defeats 1400. of them 6 Pursues them going out of the Palatinate 18 19 c. Beaten of from Kirckberg 26 Takes Coblentz 31 His Name and Familie 56 Blocks Schletstat 60 Takes Markeâ—sheim 67 Left by Horn in Altaâ—ia 77 Râ—stâ—ck rendred to the Duke of Mecklengburg 92 S SChafgotzi ouerthrowne by Arnheim 168 Schletstat blocked vp 60 taken by Horn. 71 The Iesuites there Coninrers 68 Scottish Regiments ioyne with Todt 121 Silesia the Actions in it 158 Simmern takeÌ„ by the Spanish 3 recouered 26 Spaniards come with an Army into the Palatinate 2 Theyr Story Jbid. Loose 5. Cornets to the Swedish 3 1400. of them defeatted 6 They aduance towards Spires 8 Don Philip de Sylua ioynes with them 8 They take Spiers 9 Forsake it 14 Returne out of the Palatinate 16 The Rhinegraue forces them to the Retreat 18 19 Theyr Losses 21 They put a Garrison into Coblentz 29 Forsake Triers 31 Spiers taken by the Spaniards 9 Forsaken by them 14 Marquesse William takes charge of it 15 His garison forsakes it 35 Entred by the Swedish 36 Steinau Fort taken by the Saxons 159 Reprised by the Impialists 160 Recouered by Dubalt 161 Stoade blockt vp by Todt 130 releiued by Pappenheim 132 Entred by Todt 136 Stolhanshe helpes to beate the Spanish 5 Strasburg refuses Ossa 40 Gives passage to Horn. 64 Engaged in the siege of Benfelt 57 T. TIlly writes to the Protestants of the Lower-Saxony 98 Todt takes Wismar 10â— goes to Lunenburg 126 Encamps at Hornburg 128 Takes Boxtehude 130 Sent for froÌ„ the Army 128 But stayes upon another occasion 129 Goes from the Army Trarbach taken by Horn. 33 Tryers Elector entertaines the French 16 Troubles the Spanish in their retreat 21 Differences betwixt him and the Palatine 23 Well pleased with the Swedish 33 The Spaniards forsake his Country 31 Horn advances into his CouÌ„try 30 V. VJrmoÌ„t yields up Rostock 9â— in vaine besieges Halberstat 96 Pistoll'd at Cullen 124 Volckmarsen taken by Pappenheym 140 W. VVArtenburg Castle surprised by 9. of Dubalts horsemen 169 Westphalia Dukedome the Landgraves actions in it 84 The Conditions offered it by him 88 WilliaÌ„ Weymar comes against Pappenheym 119 Takes Goslar 122 and Goettingen 123 Goâ—â— backe to the King ibid Wiseloch the siege of it 42 Wismar the continuation of the siege of it 102 It Treates 103 yielded to Todt 105 Wurtemburg Dukedome the Orders sent by the K. to it 36 What Towns the Jmperialists had in it 37. 39 The Administrator armes 39 causes Monte Cuculi to retyre 41 Ioynes with Horn. 47 His actions in cleering his owne Country 49 He besieges Offenburg in Alsatia 51 Takes Townes about the Bodensee 62 Z. ZElla-Lunenburg Duke coÌ„pounds craftily with Pappenheym 127 FINIS Place this betwixt pag. 150. 151. Our Cutter hath made the Ordnance too long and to lye too farre into the River The Hole also marked with R should have beene on the right hand of the Bridge