of the Globe wee see the Starres as well on the one side as on the other in whatsoever part of the Heaven that it is alwayes of one greatenesse and it is found by experience that wee alwayes see the one half of the Heaven and the other halfe is hidden from our eyes from thence it appeares plainly according to the expression in the third Figure That the earth stands in the middle of the World From thence is likewise to bee marked that the Globe of the earth is no more to bee likened by the Heavens then a point without thicknesse for if the earth had any thicknesse in respect of Heaven wee should standing upon the earth by that reason not see halfe of the Heaven according to Demonstration of the 4 Figure The fourth Point Of the greatnesse of the Earth ALthough the Globe of the Earth as is sayd in respect of the extraordinary widenesse of the Heaven is no more then a point neverthelesse in respect of its selfe it is a greate body having in its Compasse 5400 dutch Miles And that is knowne by this meanes If you devide the whole Circkle of the Compasse of the earth into 360 parts or degrees and wee find as well by Navigation as by measuring of Land that such a Degree or part containeth fifteene such Dutch Miles 360 such part beeing multiplyed by fifteene make out 5400 Duth miles The fifth Point Of the Axis and Poles or Axepoints of the World IN the Globe of the World is imagined to bee a Line going from one Point on the side of the Spheare as a Diameter through the Center to another Point right against it on the other side That Line is called the Axis and the outermost-ends thereof or the foresayd Points the Poles or Axepoints of the World the one towards the North and is called the Northerne Pole and the other towards the South called the Southerne Pole Upon whichs Poles it is imagined that the Spheare is upon its Axeltree daily turned The Demonstrastion THE Line A.G.B. in this Figure going from the Point A through the Center G as a Diameter to the Point B right against it sheweth the Axel of the World and the Points A and B the Poles A to the North the Northerne and B to the South the Southerne Poles The Sixth Point Of the Aequinoctiall Line IN the middest of the Heavens every where equally distant from both the Poles is imagined a greate Circle dividing the whole Spheare into two equall parts which is called the Aequinoctial because when the Sonne commeth to or under that Cirkle which commeth to passe the 21 of March and the 23 of September the day and night are in all places of the Earth of an equall length The knowledge of this Cirkle is proffitable above all things in Navigation to know thereby how farr wee goe either to the Northwards or Southwards upon Earth thereby also is reckoned the time and hower of the day the Declination of the Sonn and Starrs and more other proffitable things Demonstration IN the foregoing Figure A and B the Poles of the World C D E F is the Equinoctiall Line in the middest of the Heaven equally distant from both the Poles A and B dividing the whole Spheare A C B E into two equall parts as C A E the Northerne and C B E the Southerne part from hence is to bee noted Seeing that the whole Compasse of the Heavens is divided into 360 degrees that the Poles stand from one another 180 degrees and betweene the Poles and the Aequinoctiall remaineth every where on both sides 90 degrees This Line is marked in the Sea-cards with a red Line from east to west through the beginning of the degrees according as they are reckoned as well towards the North as to the South The Seventh Point Of the Ecliptique Line THE Ecliptique Line lyeth awry over the Equinoctiall deviding it in two points right over against one another in two equall parts and is also devided by it in two equall parts the one lyeth betweene the Equinoctiall and the North Pole the other betweene the Equinoctiall and the South Pole It s greatest Declination on both sides of the Equinoctaill towards both the Poles is 23 degree 31½ minutes and is devided into twelve equall parts and to each of them a severall signe applyed The Sonne goeth alongst this Circkle without ever going out of it and runneth through it with its owne naturall course every yeare once and even as the Poles of the World stand every where alike distant from the Equinoctiall even soo hath the Ecliptique alsoo its two Poles every were alike distant from the same Demonstration IN this Figure as before is sayd A B are the Poles of the World C D E F the Equinoctiall G D H F the Ecliptique Line cutting and dividing the Equinoctiall and its selfe alsoo into two equall parts in the points D and F which wee call the Equinoctiall the one at D the Spring Equinoctiall the other at F the Autumne Equinoctiall The one halfe D H F the northern part lyeth betweene the Equinoctiall D E F and A the North Pole at most declined towards F H 23 degrees and 31 2 minutes The other halfe F G D the Southern part lyeth betweene the Equinoctiall F C D and the South Pole B likewise at most declined as C G 23 degrees 31½ minutes The North part is devided into six signes which wee call the Northerly beginning at D with the Kimbug signes towards the North. Aries Taurus Gemini unto H. the point of the farthest declination From thence with the descending signes of the North Cancer Leo Virgo to the Equinoctiall Line in F. the Autumne Equinoctiall the southern part is also divided into six signes which wee call the Southerly beginning at F with the discending signes towards the South Libra Virgo Saggitarius untill G the Point of the sartkest Declination towards the South from thence further with klimbing signes towards the North Capricornus Aquarius Pisces as farr as till you come to the Equinoctiall line in the Spring Equinoctiall D. The Sunne runneth through the three first Northerly signes from the 21 of March new style to the 21 of June New styl the other from the 21 of Iune to the 23 of September The first 3 Southerly signes from the 23 of September to the 23 of December and the other from the 23 December till the 21 of March againe The Poles of the Ecliptique are M and N both of them standing every where alike distant from the Ecliptique G H and soo farre from the Poles of the World A and B as the Ecliptique is farthest declining from the Equinoctiall at H E and C G. The eighth Point Of the Coluri THe Coluri are two Circkles going Croswayes through both the Poles of the World dividing each other into two parts in the Poles and together with them the whole Globe Equinoctiall Zodiack or Ecliptique and all the Paralels in 4 equall parts the
reckoned upon the Meridian or length of the earth from the westend of England Those which are more easterly from thence have the lesser declination when the Sun departeth from the Line and increaseth in declination either towards the North or South as wel betweene the 20 of March and the 22 of Iune as betweene the 23 of September and the 22 of December and the greater declination when the Sun returneth againe towards the Line whether it bee by north or by south the Line as wel betweene the 22 of December and the 20 of March as betweene the 22 of Iune and the 23 of December On the contrary those which are more westerly from thence have the waxing declination that is when the Sun runneth from the Line either by North or by South the Line the greater declination and the falling declination that is when the Sunne runneth againe towards the Line either by North or by South the Line maketh the lesse That commeth to passe by reason of time thus Those which are more easterly have the Sunne sooner in the south or in their Meridian and therefore is the waxing declination lesse and the falling greater on the contrary those which are more westerly have the Sonne later in the South and therefore have they the increasing declination more the decreasing lesse The first Example Concerning those which are more easterly with rising declination upon the 25 of March in the second yeare following the Leap-yeare I desire to know â—he Sonnes declination at noone at Bantam in the East-Indies First I seeke upon a Globe or any other Table how much more Easterly Bantam lyeth then the Lands end of England and I find it to bee about 120 degrees herein wee reckon not so neare upon a degree or two because such a difference is but little in this respect whilst then the Sonne must have 24 houres to run about the heaven or the whole earth which is 360 degrees I seeke how much time hee must have to run 120 degrees and I say thus 360 degrees maâ—â— 24 houres what maketh then 120 facit 8 houres 〈◊〉 thence I find that the Sunne commeth 8 houres sooner to the South at Bantam then at the Lands end of England that is That the Sunne is fall South at Bantam when it is but 4 a clock after midnight at Englands Lands end Then I looke in these Tables upon the abovewritten 25 of March for the declination of the Sun and I find it to bee 1 degree 57 minutes and out of the declination on the day following 2 degrees 21 minutes that the declination of the Sun at that time in 24 houres increaseth 24 minutes therefore say I if the declination increase 24 minutes in 24 houres how much in 8 houres facit 8 minutes from thence it is cleare that seeing the Sun runneth from the Meridian over Bantam to the Meridian of Englands end and the declination riseth or increaseth 8 minutes that it at Bantam is 8 minutes lesse as these Tables declare The Suns declination is that day at Bantam no more then 1 degree and 49 minutes by north the Line The Second Example With falling Declination Upon the 16 of the same yeare I desire to know the Suns declination at noone at Bantam and I find in these Tables upon that day for the length of England Lands end 2 degrees 40 minutes that it decreaseth every day at that time of the yeare 24 minutes Seeing then the Sun as is sayd in the first example cometh 8 houres sooner to the South at Bantam then at Englands end I say doth the declination decrease 24 minutes in 24 houres how much maketh it in 8 houres it maketh 8 minutes from thence it is knowne that seeing the Sonne runneth from the Meridian of Bantam to that of Englands End and the declination falleth 8 minutes and therefore at Bantam is it 8 minutes more even as these Tables declare The declination of the Sonne on that day is at Bantam 2 degrees and 48 minutes Observation From hence it followeth That one and the same Steer-man sayling eastwards to the Indies comming upon two such divers times before the Straite of Sunda and would take the height of the Pole according to the Sun of one and the same corner of Land and should use these Tables without such caution hee should though hee thought it wel done thereby taking one time 8 minutes soo much and the other time 8 minutes too little declination hee should find it to differ 16 minutes in his height therefore in long voyages you must thinke wel upon this The third Example Concerning those which are more Westerly with rising declination A certaine Ship comming upon the 9 of October in the third yeare after Leape-yeare upon the greate South Sea neare the Coast of Peru the Steerman desireth to know the Suns declination there at noone hee findeth out of a Globe or any other Table that that Coast lyeth full 80 degrees more Westerly then Englands Lands End The Sun must then run from the South over Englands end to the South of the foresaid Coast of Peru full 80 degrees to which hee requireth about 5 houres and an halfe so that when the Sun standeth there in the South it is then from Englands end halfe an houre past 5 in the afternone Hee findeth in these Tables the declination of that day 6 degrees 13 minutes by South the Line and out of that of the following day which is 6 degrees 36 minutes that at that time in 24 houres the declination riseth 23 min. therefore shall hee say the declination riseth in 24 houres 33 minutes how much then in 5 houres and a ½ facit full 5 minutes and from thence wee find that seeing the Sun running from the Meridian of Englands end to hert of the Coast of Peru riseth full 5 minutes and thereupon the declination on that day is there 5 minutes more even as the tables demonstrate The declination then on that day on the Coast of Peru is 6 degrees 18 minutes The fourth Example Concerning the falling declination Suppose that such commeth to passe on the foresaid Coast of Peru on the 8 of September the same yeare these tables point at the declination of that day 5 degrees 46 minutes and the day following 5 degrees 23 minutes so as upon that time of the yeare in 24 houres time the declination lesseneth 23 minutes The Steerman shal then reckon thus if in 24 houres the declination lesseneth 23 minutes how much is that in 5 houres and a halfe facit full 5 minutes and shall from thence find that his declination is there 5 minutes lesse as these Tables instruct the Sonnes declination then upon that day is upon the Coast of Peru 5 degrees 42 minutes from hence may bee understood what it is which before is said in the example of the more easterly that a Steereman whe would looke after the Sun on the Coast of Peru upon such two divers times in the same place and
the Sisters lying from Farder east northeast about 7 leagues When you will sayle in there you must leave the sharp poynt on the larboard side within lyeth a round rock which you may sayl about on both sides thwart of it is good anchor ground North from this rock lyeth a great Bay fit for ships to lye in that tarrie for a winde within lyeth also a round rock Men do run in alongst by the west land which lyeth in first north about the Island northnortheast they leave the Island on starboard side run in northnorthwest by the west land To the eastwards of Graswijcke also betwixt the Sisters Akersound lyeth Shiphill that is a Haven where men lade Spars and fat wares From the Sisters The Sister unto Bast the course is northwest and by west five leagues Behind the Sisters to the southwards of the poynt of Roge lyeth the haven of Elffang 5 leagues When you come off from Farder you goe must distant from the Island Farder northeast and by east five leagues When you come off from Farder you must run through within the rocks which lye within the Sisters untill you come against the land there you shall find a great gray rock which you must leave on the larboard side and the small rocks that lye there within on the starboard side and then alongst about by the west-west-land then the haven opens it self which is narrow within flatt and soft ground When you sayle from Farder or Bast unto Soen-water you shall meet with a red poynt betwixt the Soen-water and the Copperwycke He that is bound into Soen-water must run alongst to the eastwards of it but he that is bound into Copperwycke must goe up alongst to the westwards of it and leave it on the starboard side When that you come within the Lams you shall espie a little Church upon the west-land there is the lade place of the Copperwycke Copperwijcke you may sayl up from thence to Brakenes On the north or east side lyeth Holmsound from Farder to the poynt of Roge the course is northnortheast five leagues At the east end of Roge you may anchor there is a playn strand you may run through betwixt the Roge Roge. the Calf but anchor under Fletto then you must run through within the two small rocks From the Island Farder to the Soen-water Soen-water the course is north somewhat easterly but from Bast north and by east The Soen-water lyeth in most north Upon it lye many havens and lade places most on the starboard side as you come in First there is Mos-sound a Haven that goeth up to the eastwards and then there is Wykestee Wykestee which is a bight behind an Island afterwards Shiphill Ship-hill a sandbay and a very good road that goeth so up alongst to the northwards into Anslo and then it runneth about to the southwards into the Bottom Custen van NOORWEGEN van Der Neus tot aen de Pater noster oock hoe de seluige Landen van Iutlant gelegen zyn The Laerwyck Laerwyck is a great broad Sound where are many Bights and Lade-places where men may lye and lade Firretimber From the east poynt lyeth off a great rane of rocks a good wayes oft southeast and by east into sea and run in almost halfe the Sound called the Larwykes Swines where of men must take heed Within in this Sound it is flat water and shoale so that farre within no great ships can lye a float A league to the eastwards of the Nesse or east poynt of the Longsound Stavange lyeth Stavange they are ome out-rockes where men may sayle within on both sides to the eastwards of it lyeth the Sound of Laerwyck For to sayle into the Nesse The Nesse that is on the north side behinde the eastermost poynt of Longsound you must run through betwixt the great rock whereupon the Warder standeth and the land of old Longsound leaving the foresayd rocks on the starboard side and so alongst about that rough Island untill you come into the Nesse which lyeth behinde a chindle strand there you shall lye under a chindle of rockes like red sand There lye also some little rockes thwart of that chindle This is a good handsome haven and light for to come into there it is four and twenty and five and twenty fathom deep The Longsound is one of the fairest havens of all Norway and lyeth northnortheast from Jofferland distant one great league Before old Longsound lyeth a high round rocke whereupon standeth a great round Warder Coninxhaven for knowledge of this haven Coninxhaven that is the southermost or westermost channell of the Longsound goeth in betwixt the westermost through poynt and Conings Island and then men run alongst to the eastwards of the Baers which lyeth off from the foresayd rough poynt For to sayle in there you must run in amid channell and anchor in the Coningshaven in eight and twenty and thirty fathom For to sayle through within Iofferland from Westkiell the Sound lyeth through the channell first northeast and northeast and by north and then eastnortheast and afterwards againe northeast and then you come to a place where the sound is somewhat broader there lyeth a suncken rock which you must leave on the starboard side and edge to the north shoare Being past that you shall come againe in a very narrow sound which lyeth through most northeast and is at some places so narrow that the yard armes doe almost touch the rockes Being through that narrow place you must goe northeast and by east and eastnortheast untill you come thwart of the Longsound then you may sayle in there northnorthwest Road Behinde Iofferland or sayle into the sea as you wil Behinde Jofferland you may also anchor in fifteen or twenty fathom From the Baers unto the northermost rocks of Jofferland that is the southermost or westermost point of Longsound the course is southsouthwest a great league going southsouthwest from with out the Baers The Baers then you shall find a third part of water to Jufferland or shoale which you see quite under water about seven foote Betwixt them both lye two havens Eastkiell and Abbefoord men sayl in there to the eastwards of the out-rocks of Jofferland From these foresayd northermost out-rocks of Jofferland unto Eastkiell it is northwest about a league but to Abbefoort northnorthwest and north and by west also a league Men may comming from the southwards or from Westkiell Westkiel sayle through within Jofferland into Eastkiell or Abbefoort When you come before Westkiel you may see within the land three high hills and also the high land of Long-sound lying northwards from you that land is altogether very easy to be knowne he that seeth it once and takes regard of it shall know it very wel another time when he commeth thereabouts A league to the eastwards of Sandvoort lyeth the haven of
May or the point of Fifsnes on the north shoare lye divers little Havens where of some of them doe also yeeld out coales but are little or nothing used by the Hollanders On both sides of Inchkieth is good ground good lying as well for westerly as easterly winds From Inchkieth to Lieth it is southeast a league Before Lieth Lieth about halfe an English mile from the shoare lyeth a Rock upon which standeth a Mast with a crosse or some other thing of wood upon the top of it for a beakon At high water the Sea floweth over it at low water it falleth dry With a spring tyde at low water men may go on foot to it From the east side of that Rock lyeth off a Riffe almost unto Inchkieth You may also run through to the southwards of Inckieth betwixt that foresayd Riffe the south shoare but is not to be done but by them which are there exceeding well acquainted There is altogether full of Rockes foule grounds When as you sayle in to the northwards of Inchkieth you must leave the foresayd Mast on the larboard side and run about to the northwards of it then towards the south shoare and anchor about halfe an English Mile by west Lieth and also halfe an English Mile from the shoare in 6 7 or 8 fathom Lieth the Haven Edenbrough are tyde Havens which fall dry at low water From Lieth to Queenes Ferrie Queenes Ferrie there lye on both sides many Rockes some above and some under water In the Narrow before Queenes Ferrie lyeth a little Island called Inchgarve which you must runne alongst to the northwards of on the south side it is with a Stone bancke where men may goe over at low water fast to the mayne Land alongst to the northwards of it it is cleane and deepe Within that little Island lye Caryn and other places more where men doe lade Coales Under the east side of the poynt to the northwardes of Queenes Ferrie is good road in 2 3 or 4 fathom according as you lye farre from the shoare A league north from the Island May lyeth the poynt of Fifsnes Fifsnes lying from S. Abbens head northwest and by north 4 great leagues From thence to Dondee it is northnorthwest five leagues Dondee Dondee is a good Haven which goeth in betwixt 2 high Lands being within men doe anchor before the Towne Farther in upon the River lyeth another Towne called S. Johns S. Iohns which you may goe up to at high water Betweene the poynt of Fifsnes and Dondee lyeth also the Baye of S. Andrewes S. Andrewes there is all over good anchor ground Foure great leagues north by e. from the poynt of Fifsnes northeast from S. Andrewes lyeth a great Rock called the Inchkap Inchkap which the Sea floweth over at high water and at low water it falleth so dry that the Fishermen goe upon it Seven leagues to the northwards of Dondee lyeth Monrosse Monrosse a good Haven First you must sayle in there amidst the channell and edge up to the northwards anchor before the Towne Over against Monrosse lye three Hommocks which shoote out from the other land bring the middlemost and the houses upon the strand together then shall you find the middle of the fareway on both sides of the havens mouth lyeth a blind cliffe Betwixt Dondee and Monrosse lyeth an out point called Redhead Redhead about a great League to the Southwards of Monrosse There standeth a high Tower upon the Land called Abrot From Monrosse to Stone Baye Stone-Bay or De Torre the course is northeast by North foure leagues This is a deepe bay a good Havē for those that are bound to the southwardes where men may lye Land-lockt with many Ships Three leagues to the northwards of it lyeth Aberdyn Aberdyn In this Havens mouth it is three fathom deep The west poynt is somwhat foule therefore you must run in by the east land untill you come within the Haven and anchor before the Towne in foure or five Fathom Up to the northwardes is a great Bay but is shoale on both sides There goeth through a little Creeke towards old Aberdyn which is an old ruinous Towne From Aberdyn to Boeckenes Boeckenes the course is northnortheast twelve or thirteene leagues Betwixt them both lyeth a tyde Haven Boeckenes is a high Hill and lyeth upon the south side of the point To the northwards of Boeckenes lyeth a Bay as a Haven called Spy Spy or Spilaert and right before the shoare lyeth a sand called Ruttenbrugh which you must take greate care thereof as you come from the northwards From thence the land lyeth in west west southwest unto the Haven of Rosse or Luvernes To the northwards of Rosse lyeth an out poynt called Cape Tarbate C. Tarba right in the bottome of the Baye betwixt Catenes Boeckenes distandet from Boeckenes about 19 or 20 leagues In this bay are manie havens sounds which are deep enough for to come into with great ships It is from thence to Catenes 14 leagues northeast by north Catenes lyeth from Boeckenes northwest northwest and by north 20 21 or 22 leagues From Boeckenes unto the outermost Orckanes it is north and by west and northnorthwest two and thirtie or three and thirtie leagues The Orkeneys are one and thirtie Islands in number first Wayets or Elhoy which lyeth next to Scotland five leagues about the poynt About northnortheast off from the poynt of Catenes lye two little Islands Pits Pichlandscare there you may run through to the westwards betwixt Elhoey and Scotland To the northwardes of them lieth an Island called Heynda with an other Island called Platta to the northwardes off Platta lyeth Mayland or Ponoma On the north side of this greate Island are all the havens where the ships come to Upon the east side of this great Island lyeth another Island called Kabunsa to the northwards of it lyeth an other Island at the northeast poynt of the greate Island you may also run through there towards Papewester and leave Sand a lying on the starboard side Close to Papewester lyeth Fara to the southwards of it is Sirza To the eastwards of Sirza and Fara lye two Islands in the middest of all these Islands called Eeda and Chapnoza Sanda lyeth to the northwards of al these Islands but Papa Stronza lye to the southwards of Sanda To the eastwardes of Stronsa lyeth an Island called Cuistella that is the eastermost Island of all the northermost is called Ronalze or Northernase Eleven or twelve leagues northwest from the great Island lye two rocks the one under water the other above water he that commeth from the westwards must take heede of them Of the Tydes and Courses of the streames On these coasts betwixt Tinmouth S. Abbens-head a southwest northeast moone maketh high water At Lieth in the Haven a southwest
land and joyned to America untill the north and north-east of Yce-land yet it is the opinion of some men as likewise of my self that it is joyned to Spits-bergen and that because of the rivers which come from the north foreby Spits-bergen which rivers ye can perceive when ye are on the highth of fourscore and three grades and because they ebbe towards the north it may be beleeved that there is a passage but as yet unknown To know the Land Ye can see the south-east coast of Green-land when ye are the matter of six or eight miles from it and when ye see it then ye are hard by the Yce Of the Tides and flowing of Streams The Streams or rivers come out of the north from Spits-bergen and floweth alongs Green-land They ebbe on fourscore and three grades towards the north and floweth towards the South Situation and Courses From the South-end of Hitland to the south-west-corner of Yce-land west northwest and a half stroke westlier 195 miles From the south-west-corner of Yce-land to the clift of Reykenesse north-ward 5 miles From the clift of Reykenesse to the haven of Hanifioert east south-east 12 miles From the south-west-corner of Yce-land to Staten-hoeck west south-west somewhat westly 186 miles The Heights The Cape of Old-Green-land or Staten-hoeck lieth on 60 grades The south-west-corner of Yce-land lieth on seventie four grades and 5 minutes The Mouth of the Strait of David lieth on 71 grades THE SECOND DEMONSTRATION which Containeth the description of IOHN MAYENS ISLAND IOhn Mayens Island lieth from Hitland north-ward according to the common Hollands Compas or as others say north northwest upon the half stroke yet it is better to sail somewhat westlier as to fall a little eastly because they must be on the west-side of the Neering for if they fall easterly then they must needs sail about the north of the same where they have too great calmnesse and sometimes whirlwindes that fall in a sudden from the mountain called the Beeren-berg or in English called the Bears-mountain In the Spring of the year on the east-side of this Island is not so much yce as on the north-side For the sea on the north side which is never above ten miles navigable is in the Spring commonly alwayes frozen The winde blowes there commonly out of the Southwest both harder and oftner as out of any other place In the South-bay a south-south-east and a north-north-west moone according to the common compas makes a full Sea The floud flowes there from the south towards the north and ebbes contrarily The first day of August at the north-end of the aforesaid Island did the Sun rise in the northeast with the one half of his bodie under and the other half above the Horizon and the last day of July was he wholy under On the North-end of this Island is a very high mountain commonly called the Bears-mountain The Bears-mountain the which if ye behold it from the north seemeth to be cloven but if ye behold it from the east or west-side it seemeth round falling as it were smoothly downward except at the northeast corner where it stretcheth it self outward The North-corner is hillie and rough it seemes somewhat low because of the high ground that lyeth about it from thence the matter of half a mile southward the coast is hillie stay and shallow so far from the wall as a little canon can carry is it about 20 fathoms deep a little more southward is there a small foot-strand of stonie ground so that upon some places ye could make shift to bring your chaloup or boat and this stretches it self the mater of a mile in length southward In or upon this strand there are three Yce-hills The three Yce-hils high and stay those are congealed of the snowwater which fals in the sommertime from the top of the mountain two of them lies near to the North-end of the shore From thence further southward is the wall for the matter of a quarter of a mile or scarce so much hilly and stay as it is at the north-end and from thence is there another shore about half a mile in length thereon likewise can ye bring your boat From thence come we to the Southeast-corner of the Beats-mountain which is likewise hilly and stay as the aforesaid wall so that it is impossible to come up on it at some places higher other some lower oneven it is commonly 25 or 30 fathoms high from the water and within goeth it in some place somewhat stay upward to the Bears-mountain At this corner lie some little rocks separated from the land whereon are a great many of severall sorts of fowls ye can row to and about these rocks with your boat A little about this corner there lie likewise such rocks without the wall Divers rocks between these rocks there is a commodious haven with a little Sand-bay Sand-bay where ye can easily bring up your boat whilest ye anker there ye are freed from the sea for it is there commonly calm water although it storms without Ye cannot perceive that there is a haven there till ye be within the rocks from these rocks westward about a short mile is the wall stay and rockie as before yet not so high all alongs the coast is there many sharp rocks standing as it were out of the wall from the land off as well by the shore as by the stay wall the matter of a musquet-shot or thereabout ye have water some sixtie fathoms deep When ye have passed this stay shore then ye come to a flat ground of black sand which is about a mile in length about a little canon-shot from the wall ye have six fathoms water with black sand on the ground this strand is commonly called the great Hout-bay The great Hout-bay or Wood-bay because there is sometimes found much old broken wood hereby landwards in lies divers flat hills of black The black hill earth and few stones here is the land at his smalest for being on the top of this hill and ships sailing on every side of it ye could make them hear your voice both at once Westward from the end of this great Hout-bay where the land lieth south-west to the south is there another rockie wall alike to the aforesaid so far as a piece of canon can carry further have ye another flat called the small Hout-bay The small Hout-bay with an even shore like to the first A quarter of a mile Seawards in by the South-end of that small Hout-bay there lieth a rock which to look to seemeth to be a ship with topsails up A rock like a ship vvith top-sails hereabouts is it flat water Southward from this small Hout-bay there lie many rocks and hills in the sea there is likewise a stay rockie wall between this wall and the rocks is a passage that runs in sea south south-east on called the Bears-gat The Bears-gat where within four fathoms
starboard side untill that you come to the land of Oesel over against the great tree In this fareway it is five fathom deepe When as you come sayling so alongst past the Grasground you shall meete with an Island on the larboard side to the northwards of it goeth in the Deepe unto the Castle of Moensound The Castle of Moone sound in three fathom but sometimes it is shoaler for there it is all full of sands To the southwards of the same Island goeth in another Deep which you may sayle through untill you come to the end of Oesell and then you leave the two little Islands by the south end of Oesell lying on the starboard side But the right and best Deep goeth from the foresayd great tree in alongst by the land Oesell which is three and four fathom deepe and at last it will be six seven eight fathom when you sayle alongst there you leave the foresayd two little Islands by the south end of Oesell lying on the larboard side From the great tree to the first little Island the course is eastsoutheast eight or nine leagues then from the first little Island to the second south east and forth to the end of Oesell east and by south From that ende or northeast poynt of Oesell runneth off a foul riffe a great half league into the sea called the Paternoster Pater-noster which you must avoyde From this northeast poynt off Oesell unto Parno the coast of Lisland lyeth eastsoutheast and westnorthwest When you come about that poynt you may sayle into the sea or buye off Rye where you will west and by north to Arentsbergh southw or somewhat westerly to Ambrooke south somewhat easterly to Round southeast and by south to Kinne or where you will the lying of Kinne is described here before From Kinne to Magno and Serckholm all alongst unto Parno the course is northeast and by north eight leagues Thwart of Magno Serckhollom Magno Sterckholm it is betwixt Coerland and the Islands five and sixe fathom deepe and alongst Coerland altogether a faire strand Parno Parno lyeth in a great Baye it is there in the roade three and four fathom deep For to anchor there you must anchor so that the steeple of Parno stand northnortheast from you there is the best roade Oetgensholme Oetgensholm and Syburghnes lye east and by n. and w. by south seven leagues distant one from the other You may sayle round about Oetgensholme and anchor under it for northerly and northwest winds in sixe or seven fathom but you must beware of the Blinde as before is sayd From Oetgensholm to great Roge Great Roge. the course is east four leagues betwixt them both a little to the southwardes of the fareway lyeth a shoale even above water which you may sayle round about but you may not come verie neare it because it is stonie and rockie round about it Great Roge is an out point with two or three white Chalck-hills and thereby is verie easy to be knowne Betwixt this poynt and Oetgensholm somewhat more southerly lyeth another poynt called little Roge Little Roge. betwixt it and great Roge goeth a broade Sound into the land of sixe and seven fathom depth but in the end it is shoale There-abouts it is all cleane ground and good for to anchor in From great Roge to the Island Narghen the course is east somewhat northerly five leagues When you sayl from great Roge towards Narghen you shall finde four leagues to the eastwards of great Roge an other poynt with two white chalck spots called Surp betwixt it and great Roge the land falleth away to the southwards into a great baye If you will saile to Revell then sail alongst by that poynt of Surp towards Narghen leaving it on the larboard side off you going on still east untill you come to the east end of Nargen Being there by it then goe on eastsoutheast a league and an half and then you shall come by the end of the riffe which lyeth off from the Blote Karels Riffe off the Karels come no nearer it then in sixe fathom When as the castle of Revel commeth without the Karels then sayl right unto the head of Revell Revell untill you come to the east side let your anchor fall there and then hawl with the fore-ship or stearne to the head and make you fast by foure cables for the north and northnorthwest windes which blow there flat open in making it a lee shoare so that sometimes with such winds there commeth in a rowling sea East about 4 leagues from the south end of Nargen lyeth the Island the Wolfe which is about a league long Northnorthwest and northwest and by north two leagues from the west end of the Island the Wolf and northeast and northeast and by east from the north end of Nargen lyeth a rock under water called the Revel-stone although there be no more water upon then 3 or 4 foot yet it is in the Summer time with faire weather oftentimes so smooth water that it doth not break upon it and it is also very steep so that you may not come neerer it by your lead then in 12 fathom The markes for to knowe the place of this Revel-stone Revell-stone are these When the northeast end of Nargen is southwest and southwest and by west from you and the high steeple of Revell is a capstane barrs length or a little more to the westwards off the west end of the Island the Wolfe then you are right thwart of this rock The steeple of Revel is also the right south from you But when the steeple of Revell commeth to the Wolfe The Wolf and that you are bound to the eastwards and you are surely past this Revell-stone and a good wayes to the eastwards of it From the west end of the Island the Wolfe lyeth off a riff to the northwards into sea about an English mile toward the Revell-stone upon the end of this riffe lye five or sixe rocks a little above water If you come away from Revell on north and by west alongst by the Wolf then marke the poynt of Surp when that commeth even unto the south end of the Island Nargen then you shall also have even the length of the foresayd riffe If you looke out then on the starboard side and be not sayled very sarre alongst to the westwardes of the Wolf you shall see the foresayd rockes lying upon the end of the riffe lye thwart from you and then you may run to the northwards about by them in five fathom without doing amisse Betwixt Nargen and the Wolf lyeth also a stony shoale which is very broad but much neerer Narghen then the Wolf and lyeth from the south poynt or Narghen shoale of Nargen about northeast and from the north poynt eastsoutheast Therfore if you bring the south poynt of Nargen about southwest or southwest and by south and
Tessell to the Shield or Cromer west 40 leagues From Tessell or Marsdiep to Flambrough head west northwest 60 leagues From the Marsdiep to Lieth in Scotland n.w. and by w. somewhat northerly 104 leagues From the Marsdiep to Newcastle w. n. west somewhat northerly 83 leagues From Tessell to Bockenesse northwest and n. west and by n. somewhat westerly 123 leagues From the Marsdiep to Aberdine n. w. somewhat northerly 119 leagues From the Marsdiep to the Liet of Berghen in Norway north 110 leagues From the Marsdiep to the north end of Hitland n. n. west 165 leagues And then you shall fall about five leagues to the eastwards of the land From the Marsdiep to the Naze north and by east 94 lea From the Maes or Goeree to Dover southwest and by west somewhat westerly 33 leagues From the Maes to the north Forland west south w. westerly 31 leagues From the Maes to the Naze west 31 leagues From te Maes to Hitland north north west 180 leagues Heights The Marsdiep lieth in three and fifty degrees saile out of the north sea being in that height east on and you shall fall right with it The north side of the Maes lieth in 52 degrees How these Lands doe shew themselves at Sea Wambus Thus appeareth the Iland Tessell when it lieth east and by north from you Huysdowne sheweth it selfe thus when it is east south east from you Camper downe Egmont upon the sea Egmont within Wyck on sea Beverwyck Thus sheweth the coast of Holland betwixt Huysdowne and Wyck upon the sea when you sayle alongst by it about three leagues from the land Haerlem Santfoort Noortwyck Catwyck Schevelingen The Hage Monster Thus sheweth the coast of Holland betwixt Wyck upon the sea and the Maes when you sayle alongst by it about a league from the land Loosduyn Delft Monster The Heyde Gowen head These two figures belong to the AA one to the other S. Gravesant S.E. by S. The Brill S. by E. S. Cape S. Cape Oostvoorn When Gravesand is south east and by south from you being a halfe league without the land then the coast of Holland to the northwards of the Maes sheweth it selfe as is portrayed in the two figures here above The Heyde Monster Delft S' Gravesand Naeldwyck Liet North Capes When you are open before the Maes the land to the northwards of it sheweth it selfe thus The outer S. Cape The Inner S. Cape The Brill S.E. by E. Oostvoorn Recagne These two figures one to the other Recagne Goerees gat Goeree Outdorp Cape of Goeree When you are upon before the Maes being north west and by west from the Brill then the land to the southwards of the Maes sheweth it selfe as is prefigured in the two figures here above Oostvoorn The Brill east The land of the Brill The two figures following belong unto this at the AA and BB one to the other Goerees Goereese gat Goeree Ourdorp Cape upon Goeree When you are before the Goereese gat about a league without the land on both sides of it sheweth as is demonstrated in the three figures here above These two figures belong at the crosses one to the other S. E. by south Renisse Wolsack or Blenck The land of Goeree sheweth it selfe as is pourtrayed in the two figures here above when the cape and steeple come one to the other and that you are a league and a halfe without the land The third Demonstration Which unfoldeth All the Chanells betwixt the Maes and the Whielings as that of Goeree Brewers-have Zirick-zea the Veer and the Whieling COncerning the Situation betweene the Maes Goerees-gat wee have handled sufficiently in the discription of the River Maes Betwixt the land of Goeree and Schowen there goe in alsoo two channels the norther most is called the Kevitsen which is onely for small ships the southermost for great ships is called the Brewers havens channell Betwixt them lyeth a great dry sand called the Springer which floweth not under but with very high floods For to finde the Kevitsen Kevitsen you must bring the steeple of Zierick-zee southeast and by south or a little more southerly from you and then you shall espy upon the land of Schowen about the steeple of Zierickzee a wood of trees bring that and the foresaid steeple of Zierickzee one in the other and runne so right in untill you come against the sand so shoaler so neare as you can and then you runne farre enough alongst to the westwards of the west head When you come within the west head against the sand on the south side then goe in east alongst by the foresaid dry sand the Springer at the end of the aforesaid dry sand shooteth off also a point under water the which you must sound for being past that runne then directly with Brewers-Haven as is shewed in the Card. In this channell it is upon the shoalest ten foor deep The Brewers-Haven Before the land of Schowen thwart of the Brewers haven channell lye three bankes the outermost called the Breebanke lyeth a kenning without the land upon which it is 7. fathom deep and againe within it 19. fathom deep upon the second nearer the shoare it is five fathom deepe and againe within it 7. fathom deep the third Called the Ooster lyeth close by the Land and runneth into the eastwards betwixt Schouwen and the land of Goeree upon it is no more then six foot water when you will sayle into the channell of Brewers-Haven you must goe about to the Westwards of it Upon the west end of Schouwen stand two Capes bring them one in the other and runne so right in with them untill the steeple of the Renisse which steeple is somewhat sharpe come to the Blenck or Wolsack that is a high white sandhill Renisse Wostack which sheweth it selfe out in whitenesse high above all the other Sand-hills then leave the Capes and runne in by the marks of the Blencke De Cust van ZEELANDT Begrypende in sich de gaten al 's vande Wielingen ter Veere Ziericzee Brouwers haven Goeree en de Maes and Renisse untill that Outdorp a little white steeple upon the Land of Goeree come to the steeple of Goeree and so you shall go in betwixt the Ooster of the larboard side and the Hill on the starboard side and alongst a little to the southwards of the outermost buy untill you come within the Ooster When that Outdorp and Goeree are one in the other then leave also the foresaid markes of Renisse and runne in right with Goeree untill that you come by the second buy or if there lye no buyes untill that the Bommenee come a little without the Oxetayle that is a point of Schowe lying out a little to the westwards of Brewers-haven sayle soo right in untill you are past the Brewers-Haven This Channell of Brewers-Haven is a broad and deepe Channell very convenient for great ships he that must turn in or out to windewards may runne alongst a good wayes
you may also sayle about to the northwards of it and sayle in by the Tower of Voorn or Four At low water this river falleth dry at least 4 leagues within the land For to sayle from Burnt-Island to Burwage you must sayle away s s.e keepe the little Tower of Heer 's to the westwards of the wood so long untill the tower of Voorn or le Four come over the little red-tyled house that stands rpon the s side of the river of Sherrant sayle then in s e and by little little s e by east untill that Pront a village that lieth upon the strand commeth to the n. wards of Soubise when as then Soubise cometh within the foresayd village and the mill above the village then you shall be against the poynt of Oysterbanck Oysterbancks goe then in alongst s e. by south and bring that outermost little Tower of Heer 's over the outermost sandy place where the gallowes standeth by keep them so standing and sayle in s s.e when as then the little Tower of Heer 's commeth to the east side of the valley whicb is in the wood then keepe that sharpe little Tower right over the east side of the valley of the wood and sayle in so into the Creeke or river of Burwage At Burwage was wont not to stand a house where now is a strong faire Towne being builded so within 70 or 80 yeares past The Bannier lyeth alongst the land of Oleron and lyeth untill within Burnt-Island at low water it is uncovered and the tayle of it lyeth farre to the northwards If you should turn out from the Creek towards the Burnt Island then bring the Tower of Rochell not without the Burnt-Isand before you come thwart of it because of the Baniard Baniard thē you shall take no hurt of it At the south end of Oleron betwixt Oleron and the land to the southwards of it is yet another channell where men may sayle in and out called the Mamme-sound deep enough for great shipps it lyeth in from out of the sea east and by n. being come there within there runneth up ariver southeast towards Sales where men doe lade salt being past that to the other poynt of the Mamme-sound Mamme sound lyeth a plate where of men runne to the northwards upon these marks you must keepe the mill that standeth upon the lands of Oleron over the trees and so you shall runne to the northward off the plate there is the road for them that will lade salt at Oleron or Olderdon But if you will runne in through and out againe then you must fayle so farre to the eastwards untill that Sales come over the trees which stand within Merven for to avoyd the tayle or riffe that shooteth of from Oleron when Sales commeth over the trees sayle then north and by w. on the Burnt-Island but bring Duke Charles Tower to the s wards of the Burnt-Island for not to sayle within the Banniard When the little Tower of Heer 's commeth to the wood keepe it then so standing untill Rochell commeth over the north side of the Burnt-Island sayle then out at the Portrush There shooteth of also a riffe from the west-end of Saint Martens Island Riffe at S. Martens Island where of you must take heed About south or a little more westerly thirteene leagues from the Island Use southwest and by west from the Island S. Martens and w.n.w. or somewhat more northerly from the river of Burdeaux lye the Rockes of Rockedon or Rochebon Rocks of Rochebon of some called Urkamia in forme of a Trevet or Brandize The southermost of the three is the shoalest whereupon remaineth at low water about 2 fathom depth At the southeast side the ground is black little stones and at the northeast side white sand but you may not come neare them by your lead sound by them A little to the westwards not farre from the foresayd rocks lyeth yet another rock where upon is at low water 5 fathom water neverthelesse with a storme the sea breaketh terribly upon it Of the Tydes and Courses and streames Upon all these a foresayd places as kewise over the whole bending of the French Coast as alsoo before the River of Bordeaux a southwest northe moone maketh the highest water Of the Depths ahout these places and in what depths men may see the land Bell-Isle men may see from below in 55 but under the top in 60 fathom Without Use it is 35 fathom deep and then men may see the land from below when it is cleare weather men may see it in 60 fathom Westsouthwest from Use about 9 leagues you shall find 45 and 46 fathom the ground is full of fine small stones as greate as course sand and verry steepe The land of Olone men may see it from below in 25 and 30 fathom S. Martens Island and the north end off Oleron men may see in 28 and 30 fathom When men get sight off S. Martens Island they shall see upon it a high Tower with a high house and upon the strand a mill with foure or five high sand-hills Upon Oleron men shall see a high spire Tower upon a red poynt where men shall see some trees stand over it and to the southwards of it is at 2 or 3 places ragged sandhills How these lands doe lye one from the other and from other lands From Bell-Isle to the river of Bourdeaux southeast somewhat southerly 47 leagues From Bell-Isle to S. Sebastians s s.e southerly 75 leg From Bell-Isle to S. Andero south 71 leagues From Bell-Isle to C. de Pinas or Tores s s.w somewhat westerly 76 leagues From Bell-Isle to Cape de Ortegall s w 88 leagues From Bell-Isle to Cape de Finisterre s w 121 leagues From the east poynt of the Cardinall to Croswyck e.n.e. 7 leagues From the poynt of Croswyck to Pierre-Perce east s e. 4 leagues From the Cardinall to Old-downes e. n. e. 7 leagues From the north poynt of the River of Nantes to the Picqueliers n.n.e. 7 leagues From Pierremen to Armentiers westsouthwest 2 leag From Armentiers or Picqueliers to the West end of Use s by e. s s.e at last 7 leagues From the east end of Bell-Isle to Use southeast easterly 16 leagues From Use to the Barges of Olone e. by s 7 leagues From Use to the Killiates or S. Martens Island e. s.e 12 or 13 leagues From Use to Cape de Pinas southwest and by south 75 leagues From Use to Cape de Ortegall southwest and by west 93 leagues From Use to Portrush or the Band of Oleron the course is southeast and by east 15 or 16 leag From the Band or Craghe of Oleron to the Tower of Cordan s s.e and s and by e. 14 or 15 leagues From S. Martins Island to the tower of Cordan or the river of Bourdeaux s s.e 16 leagues From S. Martens Islands to Cape de Pinas southwest somewhat westerly 80
themselves they are divers things yet they are allwayes one like unto the other Any Countrey being scituated under the breadth of 30 degrees lyeth also in the height 30 degrees which by Sea-faring men is taken without difference but what it is or what it hath in it or signifieth few men understand and yet it behooveth a seafaring man that seeketh for the height of any Countries to bee expert therein for that no man without it can wel understand how many instruments whether it be Astrolabium or Crosse staffe no nor the Sea-compasse it selfe should well be used for that these things are all built upon one foundation and like a chaine hang one upon the other But it may be that some man will object and say that there are many Pilots which doe not well understand such things and yet are able to goe directly unto divers places whether they desire to sayle which I confesse to be true but tell me how many times are they deceived How many times are they in great doubt feare and how seldome dare they trust unto the height which they have taken or reckoned when they are to seeke out any Countrey thereby how oftentimes hath it heretofore happened that for want of such knowledge shippes have sayled out of their way either behinde England or upon France which thought to passe through the chanell between England and France and that in so short and well knowne and common sayled water as to come out of Spaine or France what would such men doe if they should passe the Line and were to seeke or finde out certaine Ilands Or that after they had sayled up and downe the Seas certaine moneths together should then seeke out for Land but I am of this opinion which I know every man will grant that it is much better and more assured to goe away being guided by his owne eye-sight then like a blinde man to bee led by another and knoweth not whether that other seeth well or not but to come againe to our matter touching the height of Countries it is no other but the height of the Pole above the Horizon that is to say so many degrees as the Pole in any Land is lifted up above the Horizon so much is the height of such a Country this height agreeth allwayes with the breadth as aforesayd In the 10 Chapter it is shewed that wheresoever a man goeth or turneth alwayes the one halfe of the Heavens sheweth it selfe above the Horizon and the other halfe is hidden from us in the first chapter it is said that the two Poles stand right one against the other whereby it is evidently to be understood that whensoever a man being upon the earth is right under the Equinoctiall line that then both the Poles of the World lye right in the Horizon one in the south and the other in the north and as much as a man travaileth northward from the Equinoctiall line and winneth breadth northerly so much the north Pole riseth above the Horizon and the south Pole contrarywise goeth so much under and on the contrary as many degrees as a man goeth from the Equinoctiall line southward and winneth breadth southward so much the south Pole riseth above the Horizon and the north Pole goeth so much under which may easily be understood by the figure here after following In this figure the innermost roundel that turneth about signifieth the Heaven N the north Pole S the south Pole AE the Equinoctiall the uppermost edge of the halfe moveable roundell signifieth the Horizon the one halfe off the Heavens is above it and the other halfe just under it the round ball in the middle signifieth the earth where in you see a little man that may be turned upon the earth southward and northward Now perfectly to marke and perceive that which is before written that is to know what height is and that it alwayes agreeth with the breadth bring the little man upon the Earth Globe right under the Equinoctiall that is to say that it have no breadth neither northward nor southward then you shall see that both the Poles lye just with the Horizon and that neither of them both are elevated above it nor depressed under it and withall you shall see that they that dwell under the Equinoctiall have no height or elevation of the Pole nor yet any breadth But if you remove the man so much northward that hee goeth tenne degrees upon the earth that is that hee commeth tenne degrees upon the north breadth you shall see that the north Pole shall bee raysed or elevated tenne degrees above the Horizon in the north and the south Pole shall goe ten degrees under the Horizon and if you remove the man upon the earth more northerly as thirty forty or fifty degrees the north Pole will also be so much elevated and the south Pole to the contrary so much depressed under the Horizon so that if you turne the man upon the earth to ninety degrees then the north Pole also will bee elevated ninety degrees that is the Pole will stand right above his head and the Equinoctiall will joyne with the Horizon in one circle that which thus is â—â—id of the elevating of the north Pole is also in the same manner to be understood of the south Pole for if you likewise move the man upon the earth in the figure toward the south the south Pole will be elevated above the Horizon as much as the man in breadth goeth southward and the north Pâ—le will goe so much under the Horizon One thing is herein to be noted that as much as the Pole riseth above the Horizon just so much the Equinoctiall goeth under it and when the Pole goeth under the Equinoctiall riseth againe in equall proportion But above all you must marke that the number of the Poles elevation added to the height of the Equinoctiall alwayes make even ninety degrees so that when the Pole is elevated 30 degrees in the north the Equinoctiall is elevated sixty degrees in the south but if the south Pole bee elevated above your Horizon twenty degrees the Equinoctiall will bee elevated in the north seventy degrees which is clearly understood and shewed in this manner we alwayes see halfe the Heavens above the Horizon as aforesaid which is twice ninety degrees from the south to the Zenith or the point just over our heads and froâ—â—he Zenith to the Horizon in the north Now seeing 〈◊〉 betweene the Equinoctiall and the Pole there are alwayes ninety degrees as is shewed in the second chapter it followeth that which is beneath the Pole and the Equinoctiall maketh also ninety degrees therefore when we know the height of the Equinoctiall and take it out of ninety that which resteth over is alwayes the height of the pole this also may bee seene in the figure aforesaid The 29. Point Concerning the difference and agreement of the Declination in divers places of the earth THese Tables of the Suns declination are
would use these Tables of declination without the foresaid care and caution though hee sayle right and well should neverthelesse find 10 minutes difference The fifth Example Suppose 2 Ships beeing together depart from these Lands the one sayleth eastwards and commeth according to his reckoning upon the 26 of September in the first yeare following the Leap-yeare on the other side of the world I suppose 180 degreâ—s in longitude distant from Englands end and find in these Tables the declination of the Sun on that day 2 degrees 0 minutes The other ship sayleth westwards and meeteth the first shipp at the foresaid place according to this reckoning not upon the 26 of September but upon the 25 and findeth the declination in these Tables for that day 1 degree 24 minutes and so differ as wel in the time one day and accordinglly in the declination 24 minutes which commeth to passe from this the first sailed towards the Sunrising 180 degrees hath shortened his time 12 houres The other sayled with the Sonne 180 degrees hath lengthened his time 12 houres thereby hath had one night lesse then the other whilst then the declination at that time increaseth in one day 24 minutes soo must hee that is sayled eastwards reckon 12 minutes declination lesse and hee that is sayled westwards must reckon 12 minutes more as the Tables each and shal have one sort of declination to wit 1 deg 12 m. haved The 30. Point How to finde the height of the Pole by the Sunne TO find the height of the Pole by the Sunne one thing is specially to bee marked to wit whether you are northward or southward from the Sunne whether the Sunne standeth northward or southward from you is easily knowne when you are in such a place upon the earth as is farre from the Line or from the Sunne but when the Sunne is neare almost above your head then you cannot wel see it with your eye therefore set a compasse before you that you may see where north and south is then take your Astrolabium and set it so that the one edge thereof stand right south and the other north and then you shall see at a hayres breadth whether the Sunne being at the height standeth northward or southward from the head point or Zenith if then you will seeke the height of the Pole when you are on the north side of the Sunne that is when the Sunne is Southward from you then take the just height first and as much as the declination of the Sunne is northward take it out of your height and that which resteth is the height of the Equinoctiall in the south which substracted out of ninety as in the former Point is declared then you have the height of the north Pole Example In this figure let P be the north Pole and G the South Pole E H the Equinoctiall A B the Horizon Z the Zenith and D the Sun let the height of the Sun B D bee sixty degrees above the Horizon the northerly declination D E 8 degrees if then you take D E 8 degrees from B D the height of the Sunne there will rest B E 52 degrees which is the height of the Equinoctiall which taken out of 90 degrees resteth 38 degrees for the height of the north Pole A P as in the 7 Point is shewed If the declination be Southerly then adde unto the height aforesaid taken and then if the addition bee lesse then 90 then looke upon the height of the Line in the south which taken out of 90 as aforesaid it leaveth you the height of the North Pole Example Let the height of the Sun be D B 40 degrees the southerly declination of the Sun E D 20 degrees then adde E D 20 degrees to D B 40 degrees it maketh E B 60 degrees the height of the Equinoctiall which substracted from 90 as E G the distance betweene the Equinoctiall and de south Pole then there will rest 30 for G B that is as much as the south Pole is gone under the Horizon as before is shewed so much as the one Pole is under the Horizon just so much is the other above it the north Pole P shall here be elevated thirty degrees But if the height of the Sunne being added unto the declination maketh more then 90 degrees then you must understand that the Equinoctiall is northward from your head just so much as the aforesaid addition is more then 90 and so consequently the South Pole also shall bee so much elevated Example Looke into the figure next following wherein let the height be D B 80 degrees and the southerly declination E D 18 degrees then if you adde E D 18 degrees to B D 80 degrees the height of the Sun there wil bee 98 degrees for B E seeing then that from the Horizon B to the Zenith Z that is the point in Heaven right above our heads is just 90 degr as in the 22 point is taught it followeth that E the Equinoctiall is 8 degrees northwards from the Zenith Z and so 82 degr elevated in the north above the Horizon when E A is taken out of 90 there resteth 8 degrees for the height of the south Pole G above the Horizon B then you must understand that you are betweene the Line and the Sunne How you shall finde the height of the Pole when you are southward from the Sunne WHen you perceive that you are southward from the Sunne that is when the Sunne standeth northward from you first as aforesaid take the height of the Sun then if the declination be southwards take it out of your height which you have found and then you shall have the height of the Equinoctiall which substracted from 90 it sheweth under what height you are southward from the Line Example Behold the figure above standing Let A D be the height of the Sunne in 64 degrees the southerly declination E D 16 degrees which substracted from A D the height of the Sunne there remaineth for A E 48 degrees the height of the Equinoctiall in the north which substracted out of 90 then the height of the South Pole G B will bee 42 degrees If the declination bee northerly then adde it to the height found out if then the addition bee lesse then 19 it sheweth you the height of the Equinoctiall which taken out from 90 you finde the height of the south Pole Example Looke on the figure with his circles as it followeth here after let A D the height of the Sunne in the North bee 50 degrees and D E the northerly declination 15 degr then adde E D 15 to D A 50 degrees tâ—en you have 65 degr for A E is the height of the Equinoctial then G B the height of the south Pole is 25 deg for as in the 27 Point it is shewed the height of the Equinoctiall E A with the height of the Pole G B alwayes make 90 degrees But if the height and the declination of the
but the Maps which are commonly used in this Countrey of the Easterly and Westerly Navigation are without fault or at least the errors are so little that they hinder not They are very fit instruments to bee used at sea and our forefathers which have invented them have brought no small profit and utility to Mariners The fault of them consists in this and thus it may bee seene If you would sayle a triangle the 2 first sides will bee sayled on their strokes and distances but from the 2 to the 3 place that is the 3 side of the triangle it will fayle both on the strokes and distances Example I sayle from the Lizard a straight course to the Ilands of Canary and from thence againe to the Ilands of Corvo and Flores on which foresayd stroks and distances many Maps are very complete and perfect But if I would sayle againe from Corvo to the Lizard from whence I first sailed the Card will shew mee an imperfect way to wit it will seeme farther wide in the Card then indeed it is also it will differ on the points of the Compasse so that you must direct your course more northerly then that which your Card directeth In soo short a journey as this above said it is not much observed neither is it worth the observation but those that sail to the West-Indies shall soone perceive it when they set sayle they take their course far to the south and there they finde their Cards of a fit length because the Cards are fitted to it But in their returne when they take their course northward they finde the way much shorter then their Cardes shew them This is the cause All the lines in the Card from north and south are drawne every where at an equall distance each from other from the Equinoctiall to the Pole but on a globe which is made round like the earth they are not of an equall distance but the more northerly they come so much the nearer they come each to other So that two strokes from north to south at the latitude of 60 degrees are but halfe so wide from one another as they are at the Equinoctiall and at the Pole they touch each other Therefore two shipps being under the Equinoctiall distant from one another two hundred leagues they may both sayle directly north without hinderance comming to the height of 60 gr but being 100 leagues from each other and that following the same course they would in the end meet each other under the pole but if you direct such two ships by a plaine Carde they will bee alway at equall distance by which it sufficiently appeares that all places lying far north are much too wide unlesse they bee drawne in which cannot bee done but you must make other places more faulty The 34 Point How many miles or leagues you must sayle on every point of the compasse before you shall get a degree in breadth of the land WHen you sayle right south or right north on any one point of the compasse as from A to B or C you sayle for a degree 15 leagues And you stay under the same Meridian On the point north and by east or south and by east as from A to D or L you sayle for a degr 15 a halfe deg And then you are out of the Meridian whence you sayled as it were from B to D 3 leagues Northnortheast and southsoutheast as from A to E or M for a degree 16 leagues You are from the Meridian whence you sayle 6 leagues as from B to E. Northeast and by north and southeast and by south you sayle as from A to F or N 12 leagues You shal be without the same line as from B. to F. 10 leag Northeast and southeast you sayle for a degree as from A to G or O 21 leagues You are then off the north and south line whence you sayle as it were from B to G or C O 15 leagues Northeast and by east and southeast and by east as from A to H or P for a degree 27 leagues You are then out of the first Meridian as from B to H or C P 22 leagues Eastnortheast or eastsoutheast you sayle for a degree as from A to I or Q 39 and a halfe league You shall bee out of the Meridian as from B to I or from C to Q 36 leagues East and by north or east and by south as it were from A to K or R you sayle for a degree 77 leagues a halfe Then are you out of the Meridian as from B to K or from C to R. 75 leagues East or West as from A to S you remaine between the Pole and Equinoctiall on the selfe same breadth of the earth or land The 35. Point Of variation of the Compasse and how you shal find the turning aside of the needle or variation THe needle or the stile under the Compasse touched with the Load-stone draweth to divers places diversely in some places directly to the north in other places it wendeth to the east and in other towards the west As for Example at the Ilands of Corvo and Flores the most westerne of the Flemish Ilands At Helmshuy a little on the west side of the north Cape About 30 leagues westwards from the south corner of Spitsburg on the east side of the Cape of good Hope at Cabo das Aguilhas and at other places as well in the East as in the West-Indies the needle directeth you just north Westwards from the Flemmish Ilands on the east side of the Cape at Nova Zembla on the coast of Spitsburgh and on the east side of Cape das Aguilhas on â—ll the Indian Sea it standeth from the north Westwards and in the east side of the Flemmish Ilands on the west side of the Cabo de Bona Esperance and other places more it standeth from the north eastwards The variation of the needle is two-fold to wit from the north to the west and from the north to the east and the south are againe of two sorts the increasing and decreasing westward in like sort the increasing and decreasing eastwards The increasing eastward and westward is as you sayle from east to the west increasing diminishing that which decreaseth may he plainely understood by this Example 1 Example If you sayle from the Ilands Corvo and Flores where the needle standeth right eastward on the coast of Spaine the needle beginneth by litle and little so much the more to wind toward the east until you have sayled the Strait of Gibraltar where it is at the highest as they hold 13 gr that is increasing northeastering From thence sayling alongst the Middle-lands Sea it beginneth to decrease untill you come at the place called the Mouth of the Venetian Gulfe where it vanisheth and the needle againe draweth directly north this they call decreasing north eastering 2 Example If you sayle from the Cabo das Aguilhas where the needle standeth directly north eastwards to the Indies
two fathom or two fathom and an half For to sayle from the Iade to the Weser then sayle by the third buy over the shoalest of the High way on eastnortheast to the Mellembuye and you shall finde at low water upon the foresayd shoalest place or by the third buy no more water then nine or tenne foote and being over there you shall get againe deeper water and then you are in the Weser Reckon well your tydes for the ebbe falleth very strong northnorthwest out at the Iade and the flood to the contrarie very hard inwards so that you can hardly stemme the tyde when the weather is somewhat calme whereof you must be very carefull For to sayle up into the Iade leave the foresayd third buye on the larboard side and go from thence most south up unto the poynt of the Dyke called Hormerscheel when you are come by the Dyke there the Iadeis wide and broade without the foresayd Dyke standeth a beacon or two for shipps that are bound over the Wadt If you will sayle further up into the Iade then keep the west shoare untill you come thwart of the church without a steeple which standeth by the Dyke there you must leave the west shoare because of the Aentâ—n or Ieppe plate which shooteth off from the Veer alongst the west shoare and sometimes lyeth drye at low Water The west shoare lyeth most southeast somewhat southerly A south and north moon maketh the highest water upon the Jade and it floweth with an ordinary tyde a fathom and an half up and downe The Weser For to saile up the Weser come no nearer Wrangeroogh then seven fathom being in seven fathom then edge off from the shoare into 11 fathom and you shall there finde the first buye at the comming into the Weser lying in seven fathom upon the taile of the Redsand Menser Church that is a flat Church without a steeple in Vroukens land is then southsoutheast from you Being thwart of the first buye and that the west end of Wrangeroogh is southsouthwest from you then you runne over the taile of the Red-sand in five fathom From the outtermost buy to the second third fourth fifth the course is due east which lye all in 7 fathom the south side to wit the Red-sand nearest each a point different from Menser church so that Menser church lyeth from the second south and by east from the third south from the fourth south and by west and from the fifth southsouthwest The fifth buy is called the buy upon the Head for to know that from all the other buyes there standeth a staffe upon it of a halfe fathom long With a white knotte upon it Over against the buye upon the Head lyeth a white buye on the white grounds Betwixt all the foresayd buyes you must reckon wel your tydes the floud commeth out of the north west and falleth alongst over the Red-sand and the ebbe to the contrary The right deep thwart of these foresaid buyes in the comming in is eleven fathom but thwart of the buye upon the Head five fathom at low water Right before the We lyeth the Middle-plate Middle plate the Eastermost or the Innâ—â—side beginneth right to the northwards of the buye upon the Head by the white grounds lyeth alongst the reach of the third buye to reckon from without and is on both sides flat for to sounde about On the west side of the foresaid plate lyeth a white buy about from Menser Church which you must leave in comming in on the larboard-side For to sail from the buye upon the Head out again to the eastwards of this plate unto the Elve Then sound it out about the white grounds in 4 or 5 fathom untill you be out in the sea For to saile further up into the Weser the course from the buye upon the Head unto the sixth buye is southeast northwest Menser Church shall then lie from you southwest and by south the Weser is thwart of it about 20 fathom deep From the sixth buye to the seventh that is the buye upon the Cours or the Wapperbuye or the southwest buye because Menset Church lyeth southwest off from it the course is southeast The Jade buy lyeth about south or south by west from this buye From the buye upon the Cours unto the Mellem buye the course is yet southeast which you might sail within ar unawares in sixe fathom Menser Church lyeth off from it southwest and by west From the Mellem buye to the buye upon Bollenziele the course is southeast somewhat easterlie you must reckon your tides there verie well because the floude falleth exceeding hard into the west shoare Langworder church lyeth right south by east from that buye upon Bollenziele Buye upon Bollenziele over against it upon the point of the blackgrounds lyeth a white buye come no nearer to it at half floud then four fathome and an half you might unawares sail within that point in sayling in in four fathom From the buye upon Bollenziele to the beakon upon Bollenziele the course is southsoutheast or southeast by south Langworder church lyeth about south from that beakon you must leave it on the starboard side comming in within that beakon upon Bollenziele is a good roade for a westerly winde From the beakons upon Bollenziele to the first buye upon the flat the course is southeast till you come somewhat beneath the beakon then alongst eastsoutheast The marks of the first buye upon the Flat is when you can see through the belholes of Langworder steeple then you are thwart of the first buye Langworder Church is then from you somewhat more southerly then southsouthwest From the first buye upon the Flat to the second the course is eastsoutheast Betwixt these two buyes stande five beakons on the larboard side upon the black grounds From the second buye upon the flatt to the Meyland the course is southeast and by south Being come thwart of Wadnis or the Meyland sayl then close along by the green shoare untill you come within Blixem there is the roade for great ships that are bound to sea Like as upon the Iade so also upon the Weser a south north moon maketh the highest water it floweth there also 2 fathom and a half up and downe To the eastwards of the Weser lye the south grounds South grounds of the Elve there go in 2 faire deep Balghs or Creeks of 10 12 13 fathom The Til called also Broadbalgh is the westermost and lyeth so far to the westwards that men can but even see the New-worke from thence If it should happen that comming to the eastwards of the Weser you should be beset upon the souther grounds being a lest shoare be in danger then saile to the south grounds in 4 or 5 and 6 fathom but not much nearer also for they are somewhat steepe When you running so along by these grounds upon the same course shall get 8 9 yea 10
the wester Till or Souther-Broad-Balgh which runneth up to the southwards into the grounds to nothing When you come from the westwards and saile to the Elve you shall finde betwixt Holyland and the Weser and thereabouts somewhat to the eastwards depth of twenty fathom untill that you come well halfe wayes to Holyland toward the Steenebuye then it doth begin to shoale from eighteene to sixteene and fourteene fathom close by the Steep buye it is twelve fathom deep If you come by night alongst by the steepe or southergrounds with a southerly winde in twelve or thirteene fathom and goe on east and by north you shall at last meet with the shoaling of the New-workes-grounds right to the northwards of the Hondt-balgh in eight and seven fathom there you must then let fall your anchor for to stay for the day and you shall finde your self not farre from the buye With northerly windes you must anchor further from the south shoare in the foresayd shoaling in eleven or twelve fathom To the northwards of the foresayd narrow tayle or shoaling which lyeth off from Vogelsand runneth in a great bight or Slenck into the norther grounds called the Norther Elve Norâ—â—â—r-Elve it is in the going in somewhat within so broad that you may there in turne to winde-wardes but within it runneth narrow and sharp too and at last to nothing ending allmost against the whitebuye which lyeth upon the Elve upon the tayle of the New-grounds it is going in more then halfe wayes thirteen and twelve fathom deepe and soft ground very much like the right Elve It happeneth oftentimes by darke wether that the shippers thinking that they are entred into the right Elve runne in there sometimes with danger especially with westnorthwest windes for they must come out there back againe When you sayl off from Holyland on eastsoutheast you shall have depth of twelve or thirteene fathom being a league off from it that you leese the white cliffe out of your sight then you shall get one eve depth of thirteene fathom and soft ground all alongst untill you come within the foresayd north Elve When you shall perceive that you are entred in there you may when the New-worke is more southerly then southeast and by south from you run alongst over the taile of Vogelsand in five fathom and so come against the Steep-buye upon the right Elve For to set sayle by night from the road of Holyland the course is southeast and by east then you shall run over the foresayd tayle of Vogelsand in seven and eight fathom and somewhat hard sandy ground If you then run a little more southerly you shall get againe twelve and thirteene fathom and somewhat soft ground that is the right deep or channell of the Elve betwixt Vogelsand and the steep-grounds If you runne then more southerly you shall get againe somewhat hard ground of the souther grounds which are as hath beene here be foresayd very steep and hard when you come neare them in twelve or eleven fathom you must edge off againe from them unto twelve or thirteene fathom and alongst by them towards the steepe-buye unto the foresayd shoaling of the New-workes grounds and there stay for the day light When you come by day from Holy-land or from the westwards and that you get New-worke in sight of you bring that and the Cape one in the other and sayle so right in with them then you shall finde the steepe-buye which lyeth as hath beene already sayd towards the south land on the side of the Schorhorne the outtermost poynt of the New-grounds in ten or eleven fathom From the Steep-buye to the Kool-buye that is the second buye the course is due east which lyeth in eight fathom Upon the New-work stand three country mens houses the middlemost of them and the steeple of the New-worke come one in the other when you come to the second buye The third buy lyeth in six fathom from the Kool-buye east and by north somewhat easterly but nearest east and by north The fourth lyeth in five fathom from the third east and by north Betwixt these buyes a little within the third runs a deepe Creeke eastsoutheast into the New-workes-grounds called the Kinder-balgh Kinder-balgh which is wide at the entring in and at halfe flood well nine fathom deepe but runneth at length altogether drye to nothing Hee that commeth running alongst by the south-grounds might lightly get in there therefore the third buye lyeth a little further off from the south shoare because men should avoyd that Creeke Betwixt the third and fourth buy on the north side of the deep lyeth a white buye in three fathom upon the tayle of the New-ground New-Grounds which men might saile within when they come inwards that you must leave on larboard side and all the blacke buyes on the starboard side The foresayd white buye and the New-worke lye northnortheast and southsouthwest one from the other to the eastwards of it the north side is very steepe The fifth buye lyeth in 3 fathom and a halfe or 4 fathom and lyeth from the fourth full east The sixth buye that is the poynt buy lyeth in six fathom from the fourth and fifth due east In the right deep to the northwards of these foresayd black buyes from the Kool-buy to the point buye in the right fareway it is all alongst six and seven fathom deep From the poynt buye to the buye in the Rosse the course is southeast which lyeth in seven or eight fathom when the Ros beakon commeth to the little steeple of Gron or Groen then you are thwart of this buye Halfe waies betwixt the poynt buye and the buye in the Rosse lyeth yet another buye on the south side which is there betwixt them both exceeding steepe and needle too Right east southeast from the poynt buye over against the buye in the Rosse somewhat further inwards lyeth a white buye upon the tayle of Romaerl plate which men might at unawares sayle within in foure or five fathom when they saile upwards When the little sharpe steeple of Woord commeth to the westwards of Oldenbroek that is a church with two spires upon one steeple then they are south from you from thence inwards you may sound Romaerl plate in six fathom without danger otherwise it is on the off-side very steepe From the Ros beakon to Bruns buttell are fivâ— leagues betwixt the buye in the Rosse and the buye upon Romaerl plate begins a sand lying right in the middest alongst the fareway about two leagues long called Pilgroms-sand upon it is alongst no more then two fathom water or a little more upon it lie three black buyes and over against it on the north side two white buyes you must saile through betwixt them alongst to the northwards of that sand being past it you shall come upon the flat There lye yet two buyes which you must leave also on the starboard side in sayling up before you come to Bruns
little Island Nuball keepe that so standing and sayle towards it and you shall so finde the outermost buy from that to the second buy goe on northeast and northeast and by east being come to it Piel-worme steeple shall stand northnortheast from you From the second buy alongst inwards the course is northeast and by east Being come in so a good wayes you shall finde two beakons on the starboard side upon a dry sand called the Quade there over against commeth the north balgh in the right Hever From the first beakon to the second third the course is east and by north sayle all alongst by the beakons leaving them on the starboard side To the northwards of them betwixt the first and third beakon it is full of sands and plates where you might at unawares sayle within By the third beakon commeth the souther baâ—gh into the Hever From that third beakon to the two other beakons the course is northeast and by east being past that you shall come by the greene land on the starboard side there it is a square deepe large and broâ—d channell from thence you may sayle alongst amidst the channell unto Hoesem at the bridge or anchor thereabouts every where where you will Without in the Hever the north side is steepe therefore keepe the south side untill you come within the beakons in the channell is at halfe floud two fathom and a halfe water and without the channell it is very farre flat Somewhat without the Hever lyeth also a banck whereof men must bee carefull when they will sayle in there A south and north Moone maketh there the highest water The south balgh goeth into the southwards of the foresayd bank the Quade in right with the little Island Utto and alongst to the northwards of it it is from without a league and a halfe to sayle to Utto From Utto it lyeth in alongst northeast and by north and commeth out into the Hever by the third beakon The north balgh lyeth in to the northwards of the Hever about east and by north or west and by south from Pielworme right in with the foresayd little Island Nuball which you must leave on the larboard side running in along by it and so come into the Hever against the foresayd drye sand the Quade you may also comming in at the north balgh sayle up to the northwards from the Island Nuball unto the end of Strand till you come thwart of a flat Church and anchor there behind the shoals that is a deepe balgh or Creek Small deepe Three or foure leagues to the northwards of the Hever lyeth the Small-deep For to sayle off from Holy-land toward it goe on northeast and by north and runne to the grounds about west and by north from the Pielworme the south end of Ameren shall then bee north or thereabouts from you Seek then to the south grounds and sound about by them and there you cannot doe amisse it is flat rising ground farre without the land On the north side lye many sands shoals and poynts that lye out which men might without good heed-taking sayle within sayle in therefore alongst by the south side north and by east northnortheast and northeast and by north and so you shall find one shoale or breach leave that on the larboard side If you leave that on the starboard side you should runne into a dead Balgh or Creek wherein is at the first at least 7 fathom depth but runneth at last by little and little to nothing you may also runne alongst by that foresayd shoale by your lead until you come within it comming then thwart of the south end of Ameren you might unawares sayle within the south grounds behinde a snare which shooteth off from the grounds of Vooren therefore keepe the south side untill that you come thwart of the Island Vooren The Red-deepe For to saile in at the Red or Silter-deepe comming from the northwards or out of the sea runne in sight of the Island Ameren About the middest of Ameren lyeth a white round hill a little higher then the other Hommocks in a low plaine valley Bring that northeast from you and run in so right with it untill you come within the riffe that shooteth off from the Voortrap and commonly is called Ameren Borne â—meren-Borne and so you connot take any hurt of it and then you shall have upon the poynt of the Riffe not lesse then three fathom water and within the same riffe eleven twelve or thirteene fathom Saile so in untill that the north end of Ameren be north and by east from you and then run right with the north end of Ameren untill you come within the dry sand and there you may anchor where you please or sayle so farre in as you will and sound it all alongst by the Riffe The Strand of Ameren is a faire Strand without any tayles that men might sayle within When the foresayd hill upon Ameren is eastnortheast from you and sayle so right with it then you run too neare the foresayd Riffe of Silt the hill is then also in two parts the northermost is then the smallest For to sayle in at the Red-deepe or Silter-deepe comming off from Holyland and that you have gotten sight of the land then bring the north end of Ameren north and by east from you untill that you be come in betwixt Ameren and the Riffe of Silt runne then in alongst by the Strand of Ameren untill you come about the north poynt of Ameren and so along to the eastwards untill that Ameren lye south and southsouthwest from you You may not sayle into this channell further to the eastwards for then you come against the Island of Vooren but you may sayle to the northwards alongst betwixt Vooren and Silt till you come before Lit. In Silter-deepe is upon the shoalest three fathom water being over it there is againe eight nine tenne and twelve fathom there lye two riffes or bad sands the one about westsouthwest from Ameren dry above water that is very farre flat to wit in three foure or five fathom it is called of the Juthes the Borne or Ameren-Borne although that it be not fast to Ameren for the Red-deep goeth in betwixt them both It is not also fast unto the Voortraps or that south end of Silt although it commeth shooting off from it betwixt them goeth out into sea a deepe of about a fathom and a halfe where the fishermen doe dayly goe out through for to fish especially those of the Island Vooren this is the outermost sand that lyeth on this coast They that use this coast much either for Rypen or the quarters thereabouts are very much afraid for this Ameren-Borne when they come off from Holyland they finde this shoale about westsouthwest from Ameren The other sand shooteth off from the south end of Ameren lying about south and south and by west into sea alongst the Land that is also called by many the Borne or
Comming from the northwards for to sayl into Ryper-deepe you shall also runne on to the south end of Phanu untill that you shall espye the foresayd Capes and goe then further as is above taught This channell is not the best channell in foule weather for it is narrow and farre off shoale wihout it but when you shall bee entred into it you may easily see both sides break if it blow any thing hard A southsouthwest and northnortheast moon maketh here the highest water The Growe-deepe About northeast or northeast and by north from the north end of Phanu lyeth a little Hill called Luysbergh a little to the northwards of it lyeth a long plaine sand-hill called Langeleg from thence lyeth the land towards Zuyder-zyt westnorthwest and eastsoutheast Betwixt the north poynt of Phanu Langeleg Langeleg goeth in that Growe-deep For to sayl in there when you come from the southwards run alongst the Island Phanu and about by the north end of it which is farre flat When as that you get deeper water you shall see three or four hommocks about northeast from you upon the high land with a little flat steeple called Holm or Bruynum Bring that little Church a cables length to the northwards of the Hommocks goe in then northeast and keep the south shoare untill you come within that dry sand which shooteth off from Phanu called Smeursand Smeursand you may run to that upon your sight without doing amisse but leave that on the starboard side when you come in The shoares are there abouts both of them very steepe as well Wisdike that is the Plate which lyeth in the channell as also Smeursand but without the shoares are flat When you are past the poynt of Smeursand edge then over to Wisdike and anchor there untill that you have the lowest water and then you may sayle to Hartingen and go on forth to Wardt Wardt or Woerdt which lyeth eight or nine leagues within the land the river is very crooked upon the which here and there lyeth a Gentlemans house A southsouthwest northnortheast moon maketh there the highest water and there it floweth with a common tyde about a fathom up and down From Phanu to Schellingkroegh Schelling-kroegh it is four leagues betwixt them lyeth Zuyder-zyt a little river of eight or nine foot water The land betwixt Langeleg and Zuyder-zyt is ragged land with sand-hilles and rough being grown with spirie grasse or heath If you should fall with the land at Zuyder-zyt Zuyder-zijt and that you could not lead it into the channell then choose the land of Langeleg you may run to it without danger keepe in two fathom and a halfe and you cannot sayle amisse of this Kroegh sor you may sound this land all alongst in two fathom and an halfe off from Langeleg untill you come within Schellingh-kroegh but if you run in three fathom or three fathom and a halfe you shall sayle without the driesand and run about a seaboard of the forenamed Kroegh Schellingh-kroegh lyeth in most northwest men lye there within sheltred for all winds like as men doe lye at Coningsborough in the Kettell If so bee that you come from the northwards and are bound into this Haven or Kroegh you may run about by that drie sand in three fathom when you come by the innermost point of that drie sand there shooteth off a little tayle of sand but you may see it well and keepe your selfe from it when you come to the east end of that sand luffe up about it untill you come into that Kroegh and anchor there in two fathom and a foot it is there very wide you may make there a good board and turne it in to windwards A southsouthwest and northnortheast moone maketh there the highest water the farther you come to the northwards to Iutland the lesse tyde goeth and the lesse it floweth up and downe At the north end of the foresayd drie sand lyeth the Doodenbergh Doodenbergh that is a short hommock of a Sand-hill which lyeth alone When you are somewhat off from it then it lyeth under the other land that you cannot see it when you come from the southwards or the northwards you may see it From the Doodenberg unto that south end of the drie sand it is all alongst a faire strand and flat ground For to ride under the drie sand you may sound about it comming from the northwards and get smooth water for a northwest wind and also for westerly windes A little to the northwards of the Doodenbergh lyeth the poynt called the Horne betwixt Zuyder-zyt and Wester-zyt making there a Horn of the land to the southwards of it the Coast lyeth eastsoutheast and westnorthwest towardes the Growe-deepe to the northwards of it north and south towardes Wester-zyt Wester-zyt is a village lying betwixt the Blawenbergh and the Horne About this poynt or Horne runneth off a long banck about twelve leagues westsouthwest into sea called Reefshorne Reefshorne or as some do name it Devillhorne which lyeth at some places altogether drye specially seven or eight leagues from the shoare where it is not deeper then two fathom and a halfe or three fathom a foote lesse A shippe that sayleth upon it men can but even see it from the land it is at the deepest by the land to witt four fathom lacking a foot He that commeth there from the northwards with a ship of a great draught must take verie good heed for it is upon the northwest side off steepe that men shall have one caste two and twenty the next cast fifteene and the third cast no more then three fathom When you fall with the land with Wester-zyt or to the northwards of Reefshorne you may sound alongst by the shoare in six or seven fathom untill you come neare the foresayd Horne you shall then also finde another shoale Riffe that runneth off from the land called the Owle The Owl which is also very steepe on the north side from the northwards you may not come nearer it then in seven fathom A little to the southwardes of it beginneth Reefshorne to runne off from the shoare it is there a narrowe banck you shall not finde there lesse then three fathom or three fathom lacking a foot water at two or three cast according as it shall blowe hard or soft and that you shall make your waye and then you shall get presently againe five fathom and sound it about by that shoale sand whether you desire to bee According to the opinion of some Doggers-sand beginneth from this banck When men sette sayle early in the morning out of Rinkopper deepe with a southwest waye and a good northeast winde then they are about four of the clock in the afternoone yet in nine fathom whereby it should appeare that Doggers Sand should have his beginning at this banck For to know the land hereabouts About four leagues to the northwardes of the foresayd Horne lyeth a
about the riffe of the Scawe When you come about the Scawe from the westwardes and are bound to the Sound or the Belt you must take an especiall care of the tyde that commeth out of the Belt which falleth commonly out of the Belt towardes Norwaye especially when the winde hath blown a while east or northeast it can carry a shipp by night or darke weather under Norwaye before you should thinke of it it did happen in the yeare 1605 the three twentieth of May that a shippe comming thwart of the riffe of the Scawe so that the riffe did ly southwest from her did drive with calmes in 8 houres untill shee came within three leagues neare to the land of northeast about Harmenshooft five leagues to the westwards of Maelstrand so great strong a current there did shoote alongst by the riffe towards the northeast although it doth seldome happen that the tyde doth run there so strong out yet neverthelesse it behooveth men to be verie carefull to consider there of and to reckon there upon From the Scaw to Seabuye the course is south and by west sixe leagues there it is upon the road four and five fathom deep Betwixt the Scaw and Seabuye lye the small Helmes foure leagues from the Scaw and two leagues to the northwards of Seabuye When you will sayle into the Belt you must leave them on the starboard side going on still south and by west untill thwart of Seabuy you may also saile through betwixt the Helmes and the main land unto Seabuy if you will there is at the shoalest betwixt them 3 fathom water but about a seaboard the Helmes betwixt the Helmes the north end of Lesou it is foure leagues broad and in the channell ten fathom deep soft ground The lying of the Helmes how men shall come to anchor there also of all depths shoale dwale grounds betwixt the Helmes the Scaw and Lesou together with the description of the Island Lesow and the riffes that lye out there about it is described before Betwixt Lesou and Seabuy lye many false grounds which are very uneven of three foure five sixe fathom the like uneven and shoale grounds lye also within or to the southwards of Seabuy of foure five and sixe fathom but the right channell through betwixt the false grounds of Lesou and the shoals of Seabuy is seven and eight fathom deep To the southwards of the small Helms and Seabuy neerer to the maine land then Lesou lye also some uneven dwale grounds upon which there is no more water then 10 11 and at some places 12 foot Hee that draweth but 8 or nine foot need not feare of them You may for a need run through the small Helmes From Seabuy to Aelburger deepe For to faile into Aelburger deep the course is south and by west nine leagues upon the north side of the haven standeth a flat steeple called Hals in the havens mouth lyeth a buy and upon the southland stand two Capes which you must bring one in the other by them you shall finde the buye the channell lyeth in first west and by south about a cables length then you must run up northwest and west right unto Hals and run in by the north shoare untill thwart of Hals from the south poynt of the land shooteth off a slat which you must avoyd being thwart of Hals you must goe southwest and by west unto the bight and in the crooked channell you must shun the north shoare somâ—what and then againe northwest and by west alongst by the north side unto the second crooked and then southsouthwest and afterwards westsouthwest unto the town in the comming in by the buye it is two fathom But for to sayle in there it is best to take a Pilot. By the south shoare goeth in also a little deepe of sixe and seven foot The towne Aelburgh lyeth up in the land foure leagues within the river Also there lyeth alongst this coast to the westwards some bancks there you must shunne the land somewhat When you sail from the Helmes to Stevenshead through betwixt the dwale grounds and the flat of Seabuy you shall meet with a shoale ground about half wayes betwixt Stevenshead and Seabuy or 5 6 and 7 fathom This shoale is called the Swetering The Swetering lyeth about 3 leagues eastwards from Aelburgh deep the channell there betwixt them is about ten or twelve fathom deep From Aelburgh deep to Haselin the course is southeast and by east about 20 leagues From Aelburgh deep to Stevenshead Stevenshead the course is southeast and by south about nine leagues There betwixt them the land lyeth in a great Bay wherein lye the two little townes Mariacker and Randersen Mariacker lyeth from Aelburgh deep south south and by west foure leagues and from Stevenshead five leagues Betwixt Mariacker Mariacker and Stevenshaven lyeth the River of Randersen RanderseÌ„ which runneth up crooked farre in to the land unto the little town Schandelburgh Under the wood of Mariacker runneth a riffe from the shoare and stretcheth neere to Stevenshooft by Mariacker neere unto the shoare it is 12 foote further 3 and 4 fathom faire sandy ground within the riffe it is 6 a halfe 7 fathom soft ground a little without Stevenshooft it is stony ground but neere the shoare it is sandy ground From Stevenshead to Haselin Haselin the course is eastsoutheast 13 leagues Haselin is on the outer side full of shoales riffes and grounds A larger description of Haselin and Anout as also of all the foule grounds and shoals lying thereabouts you shall finde in the first Demonstration of this book A little to the southwardes of Stevenshead lyeth a little town called Oruntbuy Oruntbuy Chalck-grounds there lye the Chalck-grounds right before the river of Grimsound in a bay a little about the poynt of Stevenshead that is a sand two or three foot water but not far off it it is ten fathom deep you may sound them in foure fathom You may sayle up in to Grimsound unto Grimstee that is a lading place for Huyes From Stevenshead unto the great Helme Great Helm the course is southsouthwest about sixe leagues The land lieth from Stevenshead unto the poynt of Ebeltud southsouthwest seven or eight leagues Ebeltud is a little Towne lying within the land thwart of the great Helme Betwixt the great Helme and Iutland it is sixe and seven fathom deepe Close by Stevenshead and the poynt of Ebeltud it is eight nine and also tenne fathom deepe The great Helme hath two Riffes one upon the northeast side and the other upon the southwest side From Stevenshead to Siero the course is southsoutheast and south east and by south nine leagues Betweene Siero and Stevenshooft lye some shallowes but neere Stevenshooft there upon it is 3 and 4 fathom deepe From the southeast poynt of Syero lyeth off a riffe towards Rusnes where you may anchor behind
commeth alongst to the eastwards of Wero through the channell betwixt Wero Haters riffe and will saile to Roems let him go on due south and by east and then he shall runne alongst about an English mile to the eastwards of the Boltsack and fall with the land a little to the eastwards of Roems likewise hee that goeth from Roems or a little to the eastwards of it on north and by west hee shall fall betwixt Wero and Haters riffe right in the fareway Betwixt Roems and Fuynen you may run through in two fathom but with great shipps you cannot goe through there From the north end of Fuynen shooteth off a little riff about an English mile into sea About a league east and by north from Roems lyeth a shoale of 3 4 and 5 fathom which is steep and shoaleth up so suddenly that a man not knowing of it and finding it so by the lead should bee affrighted at it To the southwards of Roems in the land of Fuynen lyeth a little towne for to lade called Cartemonde Cartemonde The Haven goeth in from the eastwards and it is shoale on the west side there lye no buyes in the Havens mouth there is no more water then five six or sometimes seven foot From Roems to Spro the course is southeast 5 leag Betwixt Spro Spro and Knuytshead it is 12 13 fathom deep But betwixt Roems and Spro it is 10 11 fathom deep Even about to the southwards of the poynt of Knuytshead in Buyen lyeth the Haven of Nyburgh Nyburgh when you are about the poynt you runne right up to the towne about northwest a league there it is 6 and 7 fathom deep Men doe lye there with ships to the Kay and let their goods bee carried in what they will From Knuytshead to Langeland the course is southeast 4 leagues then you leave Spro lying on the starboard side From the southwest end of Spro shooteth off a little riffe which you must avoyd At the north end of Langeland lye the little Islands of the Frissell The Frissell which are round about very foule From Knuytshead to the Islands Tassing the course is south and south and by east foure leagues and then you leave the Frissell lying on the larboard side and run through betwixt the Frissell and Fuynen If you be bound to Swineburgh Swinburg then go from the Frissell to the southeast end of Fuynen on southsouthwest and you shall meet a little Island which you may runne about on both sides of it Through betwixt Tassing and that little Island or you may run alongst by the land of Fuynen untill that you come to the little Towne of Swineburgh which lyeth over against the Island of Tassing Over against the poynt of Fuynen lyeth a little Island called Olms Olmes then you must goe up to the westwards You may also runne about on the other side of Tassing and leave the Island Arr with the foule grounds which lye betwixt Arr and the southeast end of Fuynen on the larboard side of you it is no deeper upon these grounds then six foot Now when as that you shall come by the little Island Olms or by the southeast poynt of Fuynen then you must as before is said goe up to the westwards about the poynt of Fuynen towards Woburgh Upon the south side of these foresayd grounds goeth also a Deepe through west and west and by south through betwixt the grounds and the Island Arr upon this Island Arr lyeth a little Towne called Koping Koping This foule ground is 3 leag long and that Island Arr is also 3 leagues long they lye both of them east and west and the Munk Island lyeth at the end of these grounds before Woburgh in Fuynen which hath two riffes the one shooteth off from the southeast end east into sea the other from the north point northeast into the sea When you saile through to the northwards of these grounds to wit betwixt Fuynen and these grounds towards Woburgh you shall also meet with the foresayd Munk with another little Island or two more leave them lying on the larboard side and run all along by the land of Fuynen about west and west and by north Unto the poynt of Askens Askens which is about six leagues distant from the southeast poynt From the east poynt of Askens unto the little Island Toreu Toreu the course is west and by north and westnorthwest two leagues and to Areu westsouthwest 3 leagues these two little Islands lye one over against the other the one on the side of Jutland and the other on the side of Fuynen men runne through there betwixt 2 riffs which run off one against the other it is there 4 and 5 fathom deep To the northwards or westwards of Areu lyeth the Sound of Haddersleu Sound of Haddersleu which lyeth in about west and by south upon it lyeth the towne Haddersleu two leagues within the land From Areu or Toreu to Melversound the course is northnorthwest five leagues which you must run into from the southwards first westwards unto the sound of Coldingen Sound off Coldingē being a broad Sound which goeth a league into the land if you will goe through the Melversound you must leave it on the larboard side and goe up to the eastwards unto the towne of Melver where you come then againe into a crooked channell The Melversound goeth out to the northwards with a very crooked channell and you come out againe upon the broad water to the northwards of Fuynen as is before said You may also sail off from Areu into the sound of Aelsem alongst southsouthwest unto Apenrade Apenrade and then about behind the Island of Aelsems untill you come into the sound of Flesburgh The Melversound the little Island Areu lye southsoutheast and northnorthwest one from the other To saile out of the Aelsen sound from Areu or the Melversound then go from Areu or Toreu unto the Roen The Roe◠eastsoutheast 3 leagues and then through betwixt the Island and Fuynen that is alongst to the northwards of Roen for you can not goe about to the southwards of it The Roen is a bad and shoaly riffe shooting off from Aelsen whereunto it is fast the outer end of it lyeth dry like Anoutriffe From the Roen to Arr or Koping the course is east and by south 5 leagues From the south east end of Aelst shooteth off a great riffe towards Arr called the Poles riffe Poles riffe you must run betwixt Arr that riffe leaving two third parts of the water on the Aelsen side and one third part towards Arr runne on so with the south end of Langeland untill that you come against Copen From Arr to the south end of Langeland the course is eastsoutheast foure leagues And from the Poles riffe to the south end of Langeland the course is west west and by north six leagues You may run
thee end of Falsterborn you shall run in great danger for to come on ground When you come within the Riffe you may run alongst by the coast of Schoonen in four fathom without taking hurt He that commeth out of the Sound and is bound to the southwards of Meun may come so near Meun as he will and loose up to the westwards by the poynt and anchor where he please in five or six fathom On the north side of Meun you may also anchor in six fathom behinde a little riffe that shooteth off from the north poynt for an east southsouthwest and west wind it is there all over flatt and good ground From Meun to Steden the course is northwest and by north four leagues betwixt them both goeth in the Wolf-sound or Wolvegat that runneth past Werdenborgh and Nest-veld through the Golversound out into the Belt Meun and Fasterborne lye north and by east and south and by west five leagues asunder Of the Tydes and Course of the streames In the Scawe reach betwixt Maelstrand and Waersbergen the streame goeth most still with the winde and it rippleth there sometimes in some places as if there were shoals this you may finde in calme weather if you let a lead sinke to the ground By the Scawe the Streame commeth most commonly falling out at the Belt towardes the land of Northeast especially wâ—en the winde hath blown a while out of the east or no theast and runneth alongst by the Norwaye to the northwardes Men comming off from Anout that will sayle by night with a westerly winde towardes the Scawe or comming from the westwardes about the Scaw with a southerly wind being bound for the Sound might soon be carried with this current under Norway a good while before they should thinke or feare of it Of this current read further in the first booke In this farewaye betwixt the Scawe and the Sound then from the Sound untill about Fasterborne it is exceeding necessarie that a Pilot or he to whom the charge is committed be very carefull in looking out be very vigilant that he may avoide the multitude of daungers of shoales and riffes lying there the skilfullest and best experienced of all hath there enough to doe Through the Sound and the shoales or groundes the streame runneth commonly with the winde but the most part of the time to the northwards before the comming of a hard east winde or when it hath blowne out of the east then the streame runnes still out the northwards Courses and Distances From the west end of the Paternosters to the Maelstrand the course is eastnortheast 2 leagues From Maelstrand to Winneu southeast 5 leagues From Winneu to Maelsound southsoutheast 3 leagues From Maelsound to Waersberghen southsoutheast 5 leagues From Waersbergen to Tuylo southeast 5 leagues From Tuylo to Laholme southeast and by east 5 leagues From Laholme to the poynt of Turko behinde Swedereur the course is westsouthwest 3 leagues From Turko to Engelholme southeast 4 leagues From Engelholme to Coll west 6 great leagues From Maelstrand to Nyding southsoutheast 8 or 9 leag From Maelsound to Nyding the couse is southwest and southwest and by west a league and an half From Nyding to Waersbergen southeast about 5 leagues From Waersbergen to Collsouth and by east 12 leagues From the south end of Swedero to Coll southwest 4 leag From the Riffe of the Scaw to Maelstrand eastnortheast 13 leagues From the Riffe of the Scaw to Nyding southeast and by south 13 leagues From the Riffe of the Scawe to Waersbergen eastsoutheast 20 leagues From the Riffe of the Scawe to Coll alongst without the Trindle south 30 leagues From the Riffe of the Scawe to Lesou southsoutheast 8 leagues From the Riffe of the Scaw to the Trindel due southeast 8 leagues From the Trindel to Anout riffe southeast or as some will saye somewhat more southerly 10 leagues From Anoutes riffe to Coll it is right southeast 10 leag From Anouts riffe to Haselin south 11 leagues From Coll to Haselin southwest and by west 8 leagues From Coll to Elseneur the course is southeast southeast and by south 5 or 6 leagues From Lapsand to Ween southsoutheast 3 leagues From Elseneure to the norther buye in the shoales or grounds south and by east 6 leagues From Elseneur to Landscroone eastsoutheast 4 leagues From Ween to Malmuyen southeast and southeast and by south 6 leagues From Malmuyen to Reefsholme west 5 leagues From Malmuyen to Steden southsouthwest and southwest and by south 10 leagues From the buy upon Draker-riff to Kuyck southwest 5 great leagues From the buye upon Draker-riff to Steden the course is south and by west 5 great leagues From the Buye upon Draker-riff to the buye upon Falsterbornes-riffe the course is south 5 leagues From Meun to Steden northwest and by north 4 leagues From Meun to Falsterborne north and by east 5 leagues From Meun to the buy upon Falsterborn-riffe north 4 or 5 leagues How these lands doe shew themselves at sea Britto Waersbergen Thus sheweth the land betwixt Maelstrand and Waersberghen Thus sheweth the Land of Waersbergen when you saile alongst by it from Anout into the sound Thus sheweth Anout when you sayle off from Lesou Thus sheweth Lesou when you sayle from the Scawe towards it Thus sheweth Zealand when you come from Anout and will sayle toward the Sound Kol Elsenbergh Lands-croon Persebeck Malmuyen Schooner Falsterborn Thus sheweth the Land of Schoonen off from Col unto Falsterborne when you sayle through the shoales or grounds The fifth Demonstration Where in Are sheweth the Coasts of Norway from the Paternosters to the Naze THe west end of the rockes which men do call the Paternosters Pater-nosters and Harmanshead lye northwest and by west somewhat Northerly and south and by east somewhat southerly 5 leag asunder to the southwardes of them men do sayle into Maelstrand Upon the Coast betwixt Farder and Maelstrand is allmost every where good anchor ground in 35 and 40 fathom From Harmanshead to Southerwixholme the course is south and by east six leag betwixt them lyeth Boechschaer but two leagues to the southwards of Harmansound lyeth Kercksound which is a great river which lyeth in farr within the Land Northerwixholm Northerwixholm and Southerwixholm two great Islands in a great sound which lyeth far deep within the land upon it far within the land lye many little townes as Oldburgh Oldwat Alleroers and Dragens from thence commeth much fat ware Southerwixholm Southerwixholm and the Island Akersound lye northwest and by west and southeast and by east six leagues asunder and to Ottrom northwest five leagues The Island Akersound men may sayl round about it to the northwards of it lyeth a great Bay or Sound lying in farre within the Land called Ottrom Ottrom From the Island of Akersound Akersound to the Sister the course is west by north 4 leagues betwixt them lyeth the Graswijcke Graswicke within
called the black Oxe Black Ox. Betwixt it the point goeth in an entrie called after the foresaid rock also the black Oxe northeast and by east it is not verie wide and upon the shoalest 4 or 5 fathom deep at low water the nearer to the Oxe the deeper the nearer to the main land the shoaler water A little within the Rock the black Oxe lyeth an other great rock or Island pale of coulour called White-holme which you must leave in sayling also on the larboard side you cannot sayle through betwixt it the black Oxe be cause from the one to the other it is all full of rocks some above some under water A little within or to the end of Whiteholm Whitteholme lyeth a sunken rock Suncken Rock which you must leave also on the larboard side In calm weather or smooth water you cannot well see it but when it doth blowe any thing hard you may well perceive it by the breaking of the sea upon it On the starboard side within Whiteholm lyeth a great multitude of rocks as if they where sowed along the shoare amongst these rocks a little within or to the eastwards of the point of Stemneshest lyeth Smeerholme an Island where men may ride under and lye sheltred for all winds Smeerhelm except with e. northeast windes which blowe there in open with those windes you cannot also come out there neither with southsoutheast south southsouthwest southwest winds you cannot also come in there You must sayle in there from the northwards behind the Island In the going in which is not above a cables length broad 8 or 10 fathom deepe lyeth a little round rock at high water about a fathom above water by which you may runne about on both sides Northnorthwest about a halfe league from the black Oxe lyeth also a greater and broader but a lower rock called the Vogel The Voghel which at high water lyeth a little above water but with a spring tide the sea runneth alongst over it Betwixt it the black Oxe there seemeth to lye in a broade and wide channell but betwixt them it is full of suncken rocks and soule grounds under water When it is smooth water it is in no wise good to runne in there but in foule weather and with a growne sea and that you cannot doe otherwise you might runne in there by the breaking of the sea Mew-holme A great half league northnorthwest from the Voghel lye yet some rocks lying to the eastwardes called the Mew-holmes betwixt them and the foresayd Rock the Voghell goeth in a broade large channell verie cleane without any dangers which after the Rock is also called the Vogell there men may see all that can doe hurt The marks for to finde this channell comming out of the sea are two hills verie easy to be knowne which lye from thence east and east by north within the land The westermost is a hill somewhat low and round of fashion Clapmuts Mangelbergh allmost like a flat cap called the Clapmuts The eastermost is a high steepe sharpe Hill above on the one side with a cutt like as a steepe called Manghelbergh When these are one in the other then they are about east by north from you and then you are also right open before this channell For to saile in there keepe these two foresaid hills one in the other and sayle in right with them east and east by north or when as you come within the Vogel somewhat more easterly so that you have the foresaid Hills out a head a little on the larboarde side untill that you come by the main land and then eastnortheast alongst by the shoare if you be bounde to Dronten unto the Island Edou or Edoe About a league within the Vogel lye two rockes the westermost is high and somewhat round the other is low and also round and lyeth to the eastwardes from the first towards the land you shall runne with the a foresayd course of east e. by north off from the Vogel about a shot of a cast-peece alongst to the southwardes of the 2 rockes About half wayes betwixt them and the Vogell but nearest the 2 rocks lye two suncken rocks Two sunken rocks these you leave with the same course also on the larboard side you may see the sea alwayes breake upon them except in very smooth Water You may also sail through betwixt these two foresayd Rocks and the Mewholmes to wit alongst to the northwardes of the rocks untill you come into the Liet leaving these 2 rocks on the larboard side and the Mewholms on the starboard side Alongst to the northwardes of the Mewholmes and those two foresaid rocks lyeth also a channell where men may sayle through into the Liet then you must leave these 2 rockes to the southwardes on the starboard side some other rocks to the northwards of them on the larboard side and so come also into the Liet About three quarters of a league within these two foresayd Rocks lyeth a great suncken rock right in the middest of the farewaye which breaketh allwayes and at low water is uncovered about which you may sayl on both sides From this suncken rock to Swegge sound the course is east and east and by north a league but the Voghel or black Oxe Sweggesound are distant about three leagues Sweggesound Sweggesound is a litle Haven behind three great rocks with a little Island of an English mile long on the east side of it when you sayle alongst by it being but a little off from the shoare you cannot discerne this Island from the maine land but it seemeth to be all whole land he that is not there verie well acquainted cannot perceive that to be an Island before that he come close to it for to runne in behind it You may sayle into Sweggesound either to the eastwards of that Island or to the westwards of it according as the winde will serve To the westwards of Sweggesound or the three foresayd rocks at the west end of the end of the foresayde Island lye a great multitude of rocks foul grounds For to sayle into the western channel you must leave them all on the starboard side and runne in betwixt them and the three foresayd rockes when you come to the and of these three Rocks you must luffe up to the southwards about by them towards the northeast or north anchor there in seven or eight fathom there you shall lye landlockt for all winds but with a storm out of the west the growne sea can come in rowling there through You may also sayle in further behind the rocks untill you come in behinde the foresayd Island in a little narrow Bay there men doe lye in 2 fathom and a halfe or three fathom and also sheltred for all windes In this Haven of Sweggesound the ships commonly doe lye there to tarrie for the winde He
that is bound to the westwards may runne out to the southwards of the three foresayd rocks he that is bound to the eastwardes may saile out to the northwardes through betwixt the Land and the Island but that channell is verie narrow not above 2 fathom deep A halfe league to the eastwards of Sweggesound lyeth the haven of Bremsnes Bremsnes a little quarter of a league within it on the starboard side standeth a little church with some houses which you shall espie behinde a point when as you are come somewhat within there dwelleth the Governour of Normer Leen Men were wont to come to anchor there to paye custome but now the Kings Customer dwelleth over against it in little Fossen so that now at this present men may eyther goe there or to little Fossen for to paye their custome according as occasion doth serve For to anchor before Bremsnes you must looke out for two beackons which stand by the church upon the water side thwart of the innermost is the best Roade also the best grounde let your anchor fall there in twenty fifteen eight or tenne fathom that is neare by the shoare for there it is verie steep rising ground and make you fast with a hawser to the beakons there you shall lie landlockt for all winds you may not anchor any where thereabouts then in the foresayd place by reason of the great depth verie steepe grounds Little Fossen or Fossound is a narrowe haven Little Fossound lying to the northwardes over against Bremsnes betwixt two lands In these two places lye the ships commonly to tarrie for the winde they that are bound to the eastwards before Bremsnes they that are bound to the westwardes in Little Fossen Men may also sayle from Fossen to the eastwardes through betwixt the foresayde land come into Stanwixfioerd againe in roome into the Lieth of Dronten but it is a verie narrow channell and not wel to be done for them which are not there verie wel acquainted Westnorthwest from the haven of Bremsnes goeth a channell through the rockes called Flessound Flessound after three round Rocks Three Flessen called three Flesse which lye in a rowe without the east side of this channell and thereby is very easy to be knowne A little within the three Flesses lyeth a great black flat rock when you are by or in the Havens-mouth of Bremsnes it lyeth westnorthwest or somewhat more northerly from you For to run out from thence at that channell sail right with the aforesaid black rocks and runne to the southwards of it close alongst by it leaving it and the Flesses on the starboard side to the norhwards of this flat rock the Flesse it is all ful of rocks some above and some under water you shall then leave on the larboard side of you two other round rocks which you shall see lye about a shot of a cast peece eastnortheast or northe by east one from the other When you are come without the Flesses you shall be without all the rocks but somewhat to the westwards of them lyeth a great row of rocks lying westnorthwest a good wayes into sea you may runne westnorthwest alongst by them unto the end when you are come without the Flesses you may set your cours somwhat more northerly for to get sea room betimes In this foresayd channell there is no danger that can hurt you but you may see it In the offing you may know this foresayd channell by the foresaid three Flesses The markes for to finde Flessound comming in out of the sea are two high Hils the one called Freekol Freekol lying upon an Island towardes the southeast not farre from Bremsnes the other called Northhorne North-horne lying farr within the land Freekol is a hill with two hommocks where of the southermost is the smallest lowest Northhorne is a hill much higher with a sharp toppe lye alwayes white covered with snowe When this hill the foresayd southermost Hommock of Freekol stand one in the other then they are southeast by south from you and if that you saile in right with then you shall without fail fall right open before Flessound It is a channel of a shoare inlet and very commodious as also Grypsound for them which comming from Dronten Edou or any other place in the Lieth and before night cannot saile to the channels of the black Oxe or Voghel for to runne through them into sea About a quarter of a league to the eastwardes of Bremsnes lyeth Stangwyxfioird a large broad sound at the east poynt lyeth a great many rocks within lyeth a Haven called Hamersound Hammer-sound you may not come in there but with a Pilot except you be there extraordinary well acquainted A quarter of a league within that foresayd point on the north side of Stangwyxfioird lye two lade-places Iorianwach Lynwach Iorianwach Lynwach men runne in there to the northwardes behinde some rocks but it is also Pilots water Towards the southeast from Iorianwach men may sayle farre within the land into divers sounds Stangwyxfioird Schaelwicxfioird Northfioird Walsfioird Wenningfioird and other more Upon the land of Iorianwach lyeth the mountaine of Toester in 2 hilles to the eastwardes of it upon the next land lyeth the mountaine of Stadebuye also in 2 hills as Toester These hills of Toester and Stadebuy when you come from the westwardes alongst the Lieth lye right behinde one the other and seeme then to be no more then one hill but being thwart of them in the Liet or at sea each sheweth in 2 which is together foure very high hills and are commonly called together without difference Toester Poester Toester Poester Betwixt Toester Stadebuye runneth through a narrow Sound into the Northfioird called Soolsound Soolsound To the east of Stadebuye runneth also another sound through into the Northfioird called Emmersound within which on the north side close by the Northfioird is a lade place where men do lade good deales A quarter of a league in the Liet to the eastwards of Emmersound Emmersound runneth in another sound at the entrie broade and wide within it divideth it selve into 2 pâ—rts Sayling in there you must leave Fisholme and the Yellowe Island on the larboard side a rockie Island called the flat Island with manie Rocks on the starboard side The Yellow Island The Yellow Island is not wel to be discerned from the main land for those which are not there well acquainted the end of the Northfioird runneth there about behinde it maketh it an Island the Norwaybarkes runne much thereabout behind it To the southwardes of the flatte Island lyeth a Rock or little Island Flatholm called Flathome betwixt them both is good anchoring in 10 or 12 fathom landlockt for all winds Through this Sounde men doe runne into Eursound Eursound a lade place lying in the Northfioird there standeth a little
Lexen is a baye before which lyeth a round rock making it there within a faire haven called the haven of Lexen the best haven of al the Liet Iohn Geurtson Boogart of Amsterdam hath at this owne charges for the commoditie of ships that come there caused to be made a great Iron ring men doe anchor either to the eastwardes or to the westwardes of the foresaid rock where they will in sixe seven or eight fathom and bring a hawser on the foresayd Ring the further men doe runne into the Bight betwixt the Rocke and the land the shoaler it is but all clean and clear ground Road under north Lexen At the norther end of norther Lexen is also a place where is good anchor ground fitt for to make road in Over against the haven of Lexen lyeth another haven called Moltow Moltow where the ships doe oftentimes anchor in the Harvest or beginning of the winter for to set sayle with an east winde because they can hardly get to sayle from Lexen with easterly winds A league to the southwards or to the westwards of these havens of Lexen and Moltow on the south shoare lyeth a little Island whereupon standeth a Warder called Swanholm Swanholm which men may sayle round about under that little Island it is good anchoring as wel for them which are bound to the eastwards as to the westwards in 4 or 5 fathom good clean sand ground The south side of the Liet off from Schaerswyke alongst to Hegwyke which is a league and a half two leagues by west the poynt of Agenes is most cleane with little fowle grounds but from Hegwyke alongst to Agenes the coast is fowle and rocky The north side alongst by Hitteren is also indifferent cleane except at the north end lye some rocks called the Terlingen which lye somewhat off to the southwards from the shoare into the Liet A little to the eastwards of Hemnesioird Hemnefioird over against Hemneschell an Orchard upon a high land there the Liet is at the narrowest no more then a halfe quarter of a league broad Hemnesfioird lyeth over against the north end of Hitteren it is a bay where many Sawes doe stand abundance of good Deales are cut laden To the northwards or eastwardes of the Terlingen at the north end of Hitteren in betwixt Hitteren and Lexen lyeth a haven called Deepsound Deepsound the Norway Barks comming from the southwards run in there along behind Lexen to the northwards From Lexen to the poynt of Agenes Agenes on the south side or to Euriland on the north side the Lieth lyeth alongst eastnortheast and northeast by east 3 leag Agenes is the northermost point of the Lieth you must go about by it when you are bound to Dronten Betwixt Norther Lexen Euriland lye two Islands the southermost is called Fossen Fossen the northermost Garten Garten to the southward of Fossen you may sail through alongst into the sea but not without a Pilot. For to sayle from Lexen to Agenes run alongst by the north shoare which is the cleanest the south shoare is fowle A cables length or a cables length and a halfe to the westwards of the poynt Agenes lyeth a suncken rock not farre from the shoare For to avoid it more other danger keepe alongst by the north shoare but take heed that you run not in to no bights or bayes so long untill that you can see the houses upon Agenes then sayl towards it then you shall not sayle within any dangers on the south shoare On the point of Agenes is also a great Iron Ring for to moore the shipps to there by it is deeper and steepe off-going sowle ground For to anchor there you must bee very close by the shoare before you shall finde ground then you must make a cable fast on the foresayd Ring close to the shoare it is about five of sixe fathom deep fowle ground On the north side of the Liet over against the poynt of Agenes lyeth Euriland Euriland a flat fayre greene land upon it standeth a little white Church about an English mile off from the shoare within the land almost like the little Church of Edou thwart of it is a good road cleane flat rising sand clay ground men doe commonly anchor there thwart of the first beakon in seven eight or nine fathom good clay ground 16 17 or 18 fathom men lye farre from the shoare With contrary windes or that men can not come about Agenes or taken with the night they doe anchor most commonly there By Agenes there runneth out alwayes a great strong current to the westwardes by reason the lands from thence to the southwardes on both sides are very high and the winde being southerly falleth there betwixt then both alwayes strong to the northwards men can not in sayling up get any thing there with turning to windewards but in sailing off they may get much by the current with turning to windewards A little about the point of Agenes on the starboard side is a great Bay called Salva Salva wherein is good anchor ground good lying but with northerly winds it is verie hard to come out there for those that are bound out or to the westwards From Agenes to the poynt of Rooberg the Liet lyeth southsoutheast about three leagues About halfe wayes or somewhat more on the west side lies another bay called Lenswycke where men may have roade Roobergh Roobergh is a somewhat flat poynt to the eastwards or to the northwards about this poynt is good road in sixe or seven fathom Roade A good wayes from the shoare to the westwards of the poynt the Norway Barks doe oftentimes anchor but the ground there is not cleane and therefore it is no good road for great ships Over against Roobergh lye divers Bayes and havens as Urkedal Bursen Bursen Bodwyke Bodwyke and other more where many Deales are cut and laden Rivier van Londen Pascaarte van ENGELANT Van t' Voorlandt tot aen Blakeney waer in te sien is de mont vande Teemse About a bow-shot northeast from the Holm lye two suncken rockes which at low water are uncovered When as they are even covered with the flood then you may saile in over the shoalest of the Barre into the Elf with a ship that draweth 11 foot To saile into the Elf of Dronten it is Pylots water there stand commonly two or three masts for beakons but there is no certainty of them that men may trust unto for they are oftentimes shifted sometimes they stand on the east side sometimes on the west side and also sometimes on both sides When you come a ships length or two within the beakons you shall come to a chindely poynt on the starboard side by which you must luff up to the Kay upon the Barre it falleth with a spring tyde almost dry but within it is deeper Of the
Dunwich Dunwich lye both upon the high land betwixt them both is a valley therein you may see Walderswike when you are thwart of it Dunwich is the best to be knowne of all these foresayd places it hath two flat steeples and on both sides some trees To the southwards of it lyeth Albrough Albrough which is also very easy to be knowne it hath one high flat steeple with three mills the two stand to the northwards and the third to the southwards of Albrough when you are thwart of it but sailing to the southwards they come at last all three to the southwards of it The land without Albrough and to the southwards of it is very low flat and chindely land Betwixt Albrough and Dunwich about half wayes betwixt them lyeth a Wood which is at both ends high and in the middest low with a saddle this you shall commonly see first when you fall with the land thereabouts and is the best to be knowne for to know the coast by the land without it and to the southwards is very low flat chindely land About two leagues to the southwards of Albrough lyeth Orfordnes Orfordnes betwixt them both stand also two woods of trees which shew themselves a farre off like castles or towers Orfordnes is a flat steeple with a thick or broad castle which hath also athick flat steeple almost of fashion like the steeple of Rarop open above with holes in it like Bellholes Before Dunwich you may anchor there is good lying in eight or nine fathom somewhat soft ground Before Albrough is the best road of all the coast thereabouts in six and seven fathom East from Aelbrough about two league lieth Aelbrough Knock Aelbroug Knock. this is a sand which at low water is not deeper then seven or eight foote you may sound round about it in five fathom but is not good to come nearer it With sea winds you may descerne it plainly by the breaking of the sea upon it but with lawderly or westerly winds faire weather the sea breaketh not upon it hee that runneth thereby to the northwards with an ebb shall see it commonly ripple very much upon it like as upon most of the English bancks not indeed upon the bankes but against them for upon the shoalest or middest of the bankes is alwayes the smoothest water like as you finde every where When as Aelbrough is west from you and the two steeples of Orfordnes are one in the other there you shall finde Albrough Knock. These are sure marks of that sand The Whiting or Whiting sand is somewhat a long small sand lying before Orfordnes and the chindely land to the southwards of Aelbrough and lyeth alongst the reach but the south end lyeth further from land then the north end there is at low water not above six or seven foot water upon it Comming from the northwards men sayle commonly to the westwards of it that is through betwixt the land and Whiting-sand towards the Naze Men may also saile alongst to the eastwards of it through betwixt Whiting-sand Whiting-sand and the eastermost poynt of the Court The Court or Court-sand which some doe call the Rib. The north end of the Whiting lyeth alongst close to the shoare and lyeth from the steeples of Orfordnes southeast and by south it is so exceeding steepe and needle too that you shall have the one cast nine the next cast five fathom and then you are no more but a ships length from it before you can heave the lead again you should be upon it When as you sit with the foreship against it it is at the stearne five or six fathom deep Alongst the inner-side it is also everie where so steepe that you cannot sounde it but on the outer side you may runne alongst by it in five fathom upon the lead untill you come within the sands When as you come from the northwardes and wil sayle through within the Whiting you must run close alongst by the shoare southwest about by the poynt of the chindle to the southwardes of Aelbrough untill you come within the north poynt of the Whitinge when the steeples of Orfordnes come to be northwest and by north from you then you are right thwart of the north poynt of the Whiting being within it goe againe more southerly to wit southwest and by south towardes Balsy cliffe If you should fall to the southwards of Whiting or els comming from the southwards will sayle in there to the northwardes then bring the steeples of Orfordnes westnorthwest or northwest and by west but for all not more northerly then northwest from you and sayle so right in untill you come by the Chindle strand then run in alongst by it as is before saide and then you shall run far enough alongst to the northwardes of the Whiting For to runne into the eastwards off the Whyting If you will sayle into the eastwardes or the southwardes of the Whiting then bring the steeples of Orfordnes northnorthwest or northwest and by north or northwest from you and sayle in so right with them untill that the wood of trees that standeth upon the next poynt to the southwardes of Balsy cliffe come to Balsy cliffe which shall then stand about westsouthwest from you keepe that aforesayd woode to the south side of the cliffe and saile in bouldly right with it and then you shall runne right in the farewaye in betwixt the Whiting and the tayle of Courtesand but if you bring the foresaide trees more then a handspikes length without the cliffe you shall not fayle to runne on against the point of the Courte That aforesayd wood of trees is verie easy to be knowne because there abouts stand no other trees Or bring the steeple of Balsy westsouthwest from you and saile in so right with it untill you come by Whiting-sand in five or sixe fathom and leade it in so by it upon the leade untill that you come by Balsy or that you gett deeper water When you come neare Balsy whether you be come in from the northwards or the southwardes of Whiting-sand you must keepe somewhat off from the shoare because of a litttle riffe or smalltayle that shooteth off from the shoare thwart of Balsy cliff which you must avoyde somewhat with shippes of greate draughts there remaineth at low water upon it not more then two fathom you may commonly perceive it well by the rippeling of the tyde Fot to sail in at a channell through the Court. You may also sayle into the southwardes of the Ribbe that is the tayle of the Courte or Courte-sand thus Bring the steeple of Balsy northnorthw or a little more northerly from you and sayle in so right with it and so you shall runne into the northwardes or through the Courte at a channell of eight fathom depth the e. side of this channell is steepe come no nearer it then eight fathom but by the w. side you may
finde betwixt Elleknock and the poynt of Longsand five fathom depth being past Elleknock it will be eight nine and ten fathom deep If you will sayle out of the sea into Boston deepe and not alongst by the land as is before sayd then bring the foresayd trees a handspikes length without the point of Lagernesse which shall then stand from you about westsouthwest sayle in so right with them untill that the high land within Lagernesse or Winfleet begin to come even without the poynt of Lagernesse which shall then be from you somewhat more northerly then west then you are within the point of Longsand Or else there stand three little houses on the sea side about halfe wayes betwixt Lagernesse Ingoldmils when they come to be northwest from you those foresayd trees without the poynt then you are also within the poynt of Longsand goe in then southwest betwixt Elleknock and Longsand as aforesayd Alittle past Lagernesse lyeth a shoale or plate about the middest in the fareway but nearest Longsand when the trees upon the poynt to the southwards of Winfleet come in the second valley of the high land within Winfleet then you are right thwart of this shoale edge therefor to one side or other rather towards the shoale there is widest keepe boldly the sounding of the shoale run southwest alongst by it untill that the steeple of Boston come over the steeple of Butterwyke Butterwyke that is also a flat steeple but smaller then that of Boston standing in a wood of trees thwart of it runneth the shoale somewhat off with a poynt being past it goe on westsouthwest all alongst by the foresayd showld untill that the great steeple of Boston come over the second mill there it is good anchoring by the west shoare in five fathom at low water He that commeth there at low water must anchor and stay for the tyde untill halfe floud before that you may not sail further in from thence and then you shall not also find more then two fathom upon the shoalest From thence the Deep lyeth in alongst by the beakons about south to the third beakon being past that westsouthwest and then by little and little more westerly northerly but run all alongst by the beakons leaving them on the starboard side at last on north into the River Upon the poynt of the river standeth a house which is a sheephouse before that you come by it it seemeth as if there were no opening by reason that it is al even green land run in by it all alongst by the land being past it the River doth open it self Being come within the poynts you must run in betwixt two dikes a league up untill you come before the towne in the river it is at half floud everie where deep enough When as that you come a little within the houses of the towne on the larboardside there you must let fall your anchor and stay untill that the water begin to fall then you shall have floud enough for to drive to the Kay there you make fast with one cable it doth not begin to bee ebbe there before that water be fallen three foot An east and west Moone maketh in Boston deepe the highest water but before the towne an east and by south and eastsoutheast moone He that commeth from Boston and will sayle out at the deep with a high water let him look out for the foresayd high land within Lagernes when that commeth behinde the poynt of Lagernes then he may boldly set his course whether he desireth to be either to the eastwards northeastwards or northwards there is nothing then that can hurt him From Lagernesse to the Hommer it is about seven leagues most north betwixt them both about a league to the southwards of the Hommer lyeth a place called Saltfleet haven Plate by Saltfleet haven a little to the northwards of a sharpe steeple called Wilgrip Thwart of that foresayd Saltfleet haven about an English mile from the shoare lyeth a banck or Sandplate not verie great which at low water falleth almost drye you must runne about without it leave it lying towards the land from you but yet for need you may also sayl through within it For to sayle into the Humber For to sail into the Humber comming from the northwards you must sayle alongst by the shoare and runne about by the n. poynt but comming by the poynt you must keepe somewhat off from the shoare in 4 or 5 fathom for to avoyd a little taile which lyeth off from the poynt being about it runne to the little Island which lyeth a little by west that foresayd north poynt If comming from the southwards you desire to sayle to the Humber then bring the Pawle Steeple which is a high sharpe steeple standing on the North side of the Humber a little by south the North poynt of the Humber or over that foresayd little Island and sayle so right in with it untill that you come by that little Island being come by it leave it on the starboard side and run in close by it for to avoyd a great Sand called the Bul which lyeth off from the South shoare almost unto that little Island When that you come within that little Island then bring the two beakons which stand upon that little Island one in the other keepe them so standing Road before Grimsby sayle so on to the westwards towards Grimsby you leave the Buye upon the Bull lying then on the larboard side run along to the northwards of it In this faireway it is seven and eight fathom deepe You may not come neerer the Bull then in sixe fathome Before Grimsby you may anchor in three or foure fathome at lowe water it floweth there at least three fathom up down a westsouthwest eastnortheast Moone maketh before the Humber the highest water Within the foresayd Island at the north poynt of the Humber you may anchor in three or foure fathom There lye commonly Ships that are bound out and tarrie for the Wind. From Grimsby in alongst to Hull the course is west northwest to the end of the Banck or ballast Plate which you must leave lying on the north side On the south side lyeth also a little plate there standeth commonly a Beakon upon it that you must leave on the Larboard side run along to the Northwards of it being past it you may run alongst by the South shoare in 3 fathom The fareway there is foure five and sixe and thwart of the foresayd Beakon eight and tenne fathom When you come to the end of the Banke you must edge up to the Westwards about by the poynt on the South side but there runneth off a Flat which you must avoid Being a little about that poynt you shall see the Towne of Hull lye before you there you may anchor before it in sixe seven or eight fathom An east and west Moon maketh full sea before Hull He
of Kool south and by east and southsoutheast 10 leagues From Laus to Kilduyn southeast and by south easterly 10 leagues How these lands doe shew themselves at sea South Southsouthwest Southwest by south The North-cape west west and by south The Mother the Daughters Sayling betweene the North-Cape and North-Kyne and the poynts being from you as stand here by Written the Bay betwixt them both sheweth thus North-Kyne southeast and by south The poynt of Tannebay South and south and by east Kyne southsouthwest This lyeth by west Kyne Thus sheweth the land betwixt North-Kyne and Tannebay when the North-Kyne is southsouthwest eight leagues from you and the poynt of Tannebay south and by east Thus sheweth Kyne when the hill with the Crosse is southsouthwest from you 2 leagues Southsouthwest The west poynt of Kyne Thus appeareth the Mother When this hill with the Crosse is south and by west from you 2 leagues then sheweth North-Kyne thus Tannebay Kyne southwest and by west Thus sheweth the land betwixt Kyne and Tannebay when you sayle alongst by it seven or eight leagues without the land Kyne being southwest and by west from you Tanebay Thus sheweth the Tannebay when as you come off by Kyne close alongst by the land you may see these two poynts on against the high Innerland the east poynt sheweth it selfe almost like Portland the west poynt sheweth it selfe first sloping but when you come by little and little before the Sound then it well be also steep Matkorf Tannebay Kyne When as Matkorf is thwart from you then it sheweth and the land to the northwards of it towards Kyne thus Tannebay Kyne Thus is the land to the eastwards of Tannebay when as you sayle alongst by it three leagues without the land Wardhouse The land to the northwards of Wardhouse Thus sheweth the Island Wardhouse when it lyeth south from you three or foure leagues Island Wardhouse The manie land In this forme sheweth the Island Wardhouse the land to the northwards of it when it is s s w. a league halfe or 2 leag from you Thus sheweth the land and the Jsland Wardhouse being westnorthwest from you three or foure leagues Thus sheweth the land of Kegor or the Fishers Island when as you sayle alongst by it foure or five leagues without the land Thus sheweth the land of Kegor or the Fishers Island when as you sayle alongst by it comming from the westwards Island Kilduyn These three last figures belong one to the other by the Crosses Poynt of the Fishers Island Thus sheweth the Island Kilduyn and the land to the northwards of it in the bay towards Fishers Island when as you are betwixt then both seven or eight leagues from land Kilduyn being about south or southsouthwest from you The fourth Demonstration Where in Are described the Sea-Coastes of Lapland betweene the River of Kola and Islands of Swetenoes FOr to sayle up into the River of Kool or Kola The River of Kool you must goe from Laus or the south end of the Fishers Island towards the River southsoutheast and south and by east run about by the high land of Poden-wolck and then the River shall open it selfe very wide When you are by the poynt of Laus you may see the Island Kilduyn and the River of Koole or the land by it Betwixt Laus and the River of Koole is also a great baye When as you are in the mouth of the River it lyeth in first south and by west and then southsouthwest to that Island which standeth marked with A in the Carde of this River and then by little and little southwest and by south alongst by the Island marked with B unto the Trayne Island then southwest and by west and by little and little about the poynt west by south afterwards in west unto Divels poynt over against it lyeth the White stone which lyeth upon the land thwart of it is good roade From thence againe west and south westsouthwest and southsouthwest unto Kool When as you come into the River Road in the River and will seeke roade there you must keepe alongst by the west shoare being somewhat within you shall see a little Island lying close by the shoare from thence somewhat further about the high poynt is a Bight or Baye and in that Bight a Sand-baye where men may save a shippe without Anchor or Cable that is a faire Sand-baye where men may runne in all alongst Alongst by the north side it is five fathom deepe and cleane sand-ground men runne in there betwixt the two poyntes but there lyeth a black Rock in the narrow betwixt both shoares which they must leave lying on the starboard side within that rock it three and two fathom deepe unto the strand within there is faire greene fields A little without the Baye lye two Islands where of the outermost or eastermost is the smallest When as in sayling up alongst the River you may come by these two foresayd little Islands about halfe wayes to the Island marked with A there is also good roade Roade three Kings at the west shoare you shall see upon the high Land three Warders called the three Kings thwart of them is the roade When you are somewhat past the Island A you cannot see the River any more open but it seemeth to bee shut and close for that Island by A commeth then under the high land on the east side Under the Island marked with B is also good road Roade and cleane sand-ground Likewise is also good road under the Trayne Island that is reckoned for the halfe of the River to witt off from the mouth of Kool When as you come now a little past the Trayne Island where the C standeth then you shall see out a head a black blewe hill called the Divels hill Divelshill it seemeth meth there as if the River were close and shut It is best sayling alongst by the starboard side there you have most all ground close by the land There are many Bights poynts and Bayes which are not all to be described Het eylandt Kilduyn met de Reede nae 't leven ontworpen leggende op de hoochte van 69 graden 40 minuiten De Rivier van KOLA in tgroot besteck De Custe van LAPLANDT tusschen de Rivier van Kola en de eylandē van Swetenoes From the Klinck-hill unto the Robben Island Robben Island sayle all alongst by the west shoare the Robben Island is also covered at high water but when it is under water then anchor thwart of the burnt trees Thwart of the Robben Island lyeth a very great rock as sone as you are thwart of the high land looke out carefully for it keepe without it or to the northwards of it to witt a bow shot there is the roade there you may anchor by the shoare so shoale as you please it is there good lying and there you begin to see Kool alongst by the house Betwixt the
ye have stonie-ground Ships could come in to ly there but there is no anker-ground A mile and a half southwest southerly from the aforesaid rock that seemeth like to be a ship there lieth another rock of that same fashion yet not so sharp above as the other this lieth but a small canon-shot from the land besides this there are many other little rocks whereon are abundance of fowls standing out in a corner between this and the Bears-gat is the wall rough and rockie and sometimes here and there small foot-strands whereon ye cannot come with your boat and from thence begins the land to be higher and stonier for from the aforesaid corner Seawards in it is rockie and stonie and landwards in full of hills and mountains in time of need ye may bring your boat to the foot of the hills half a mile further there lieth more such rocks stayly descending to the water alongs the shore so far from land as a small piece of canon can carrie it is commonly fiftie or sixtie fathoms deep The matter of three miles south and to eastward from the south or west-corner there lyeth a stone A Stone which at the undeepest hath about eleven foot of water which stone in circuit is about so big as a man can throw a small-stone Lucas Bouwenson from Delfs-Haven hath with calm water broken the ruder of his ship there on about this stonegoeth commonly a hollow water The length of half a mile northeastward from this stone ye have uneven ground for casting your sound-lead one time ye can have but seven fathoms and at the other time ye can sound five and thirtie from this stone towards the land falleth the ground by degrees off to the depth of six and thirtie fathoms and deeper yea so far from the wall as a small peece of canon can carrie ye have fourscore fathoms water with soft clay-ground but about the stone the ground is stonie and sandie Claes Dirckson Seyn from Wijck wrote in the year after our redemption 1616. that about eleven or tvvelve miles south south-east from the South-corner of the Island he found 35 or 36 fathoms vvith black moulie sand and small stones John Sybrantson Pael-man writes that south-eastward from the south-east corner of the Island about two miles he found rockie ground my neighbour had once 60 and I had but 30 fathoms so that it is very uneven there About a quarter of a mile northwestward from the South-corner there stands a rock high above water with sundrie other little rocks by him which are commonly called the seven or five rocks The seven or five rocks when ye come from the north ye can easily passe through between them hard by the land there lieth a Holmken Holmken a little above water From these seven or five rocks till near under the wall drieth it up from thirtie to five fathoms From the southwall north northwest a short mile the land falleth out with a corner commonly called the Low-south-corner The Lovv-south-corner on the shore is it low and there lieth the sloops that keeps watch Between the South-corner and this corner there are severall infalls with a low shore commodious for boats to come by in the infalls is it sandie ground six or seven fathoms deep Between this and the South-corner lye some small rocks some above and some under water from thence about two canon-shot is the land somewhat crooked to an infall which is commonly called the Bocht of Guinea The Bocht of Guinea From this aforesaid Bocht north-east northward about half a mile come ye into the South-bay South-bay a lesser Bocht as the aforesaid there were wont to stand ten tents in this bay for the handling of fish oil but in one year the sea washt away three tents thirteen chaloups tuns and oily-vessels pertaining to the chamber of Amsterdam it washt away likewise most of the ground whereon they stood wherefore those from Amsterdam did delve a large peece of ground the sommer following whereon they have set two tents Afore this Bay ye have from nine to fifteen and so forth to eighteen fathoms with black sandie-ground a little further off ye have five and twentie yea thirtie fathoms with short stonie ground and again so far as a small piece of canon can reach ye have fourscore fathoms and soft ground Between the Bocht of Guinea and the South-bay the wall is very stay stonie and rockie when ye ly on fifteen fathoms afore this South-bay then ye can see through between the land and the Fowlie-rock or Vogel-klip Some two canon-shot from this Fowlie-rock Fovvlie-rock into the Bocht there lieth a small rock and on land there is a Red-hill Red-hill in the aforesaid Bocht there lieth a channel whereon ye may lay four or five chaloups The matter of a mile north-eastward from the South-bay ye shall finde a little corner then ye have a gate or entry where ye can row through from the mountains into a Kolk or depth there ye have so much room as to lay some twentie chaloups on and it is very convenient for the waiting on whales this is called of Sea-men the Hoepstocks-Bay The Hoepstocks-Bay A large canon-shot from this Hoepstocks-Bay ye shall finde a corner where there are many small rocks which are called the Rudsen The Rudsen from thence to the Red-hill the wall is rockie and stonie The matter of a mile north-east northerlie from the aforesaid Rudsen there is an outlying corner commonly called the Walrush-gate VValrush-gate without or rather at the which there lieth the Briellish-steepel between these two the land hath a great infall which is commonly called North-bay and is the most convenient place of all for the handling of fish-oile A quarter of a mile from these Rudsen or small rocks towards the Bocht there is a flat place North-Bay which is called the Wood-bay VVood-bay because of this flat the land lieth high this flat is a short quarter of a mile large between this and the Walrush-gate there lieth a great flat Channel whereon lie all the tents and kettles of the chambers of Holland and Zeeland this Bocht hath a flat sandie-ground where the ships may lie at anker on fifteen or sixteen fathoms water about a canon-shot from land In the fore-sommer the ships lie near on land within the Bay on eight or nine fathoms water From the Briellish-steepel the land lieth eastward up and hath for a mile flat strand which is very convenient for chaloups to keep watch the aforesaid corner of the Walrush-gate is very high and stay towards the sea at the end of the aforesaid mile ye finde nothing but rockie stay land without any strand and which is worthie to be made mention of a canon-shot from thence ye have a stone on the fashion of a steepel At the end of this aforesaid land a little foreby the steeple there ye finde a little infall
which is called Mary-Mus-bay The Mary-Mus-bay because that Mary Mus from Rotterdam of happie memorie was the first that ever sent a ship there to boile oil there is a very commodious anker-ground for about a canon-shot from land ye have five six or eight fathoms water and a far way Seawards in ye have smooth water likewise ye have a shore fit for all kinde of commodities useable for boiling of fish A little landwards in ye have a pool whereout ye can take fish yea ye can bring your boat from shore into that same pool From the east-corner of Mary-Mus-bay the foot of the mountains streatches themselves in sea very stay and high towards the west strand or shoar From the foot of these mountains setting your course north-east northerly for the matter of a quarter of a mile ye have a flat shoar where aforetimes there hath stood a crosse on a grave between those two the land hath a great infall and hard under wall a stonie ground the wall of it self is flat and sandie so that a man might have occasion on severall places to boil fish The Northwest Corner De Noord-westhoec van IAN MAYEN Eylandt BEsides this aforesaid Bay two musquet-shot from land ye have nine fathoms depth off-falling ground to the seventeenth fathom about a musquet-shot further ye have good single sandy ground but when ye come to have five and twentie thirtie or fiftie fathoms there ye have foul stonie ground which continueth till ye come so far in Sea that ye can see both the corners of the land half a mile from the land yee loose the stonie-ground and again hard under land where ye can see the ground is it stonie From the crosse to the next Yce-hill is it overall flat sandy ground and in some places stonie it is about half a mile broad and some places are fit to lay your boats on that keeps watch but it is not convenient for ankering of ships for deepnesse From the northwest corner towards the east ye have a stonie and stay wall a quarter of a mile in length where ye finde a convenient little bay whereon ye may set one kettle to boil fish in but because a short canon-shot from thence it is well 300 fathoms deep therefore it is inconvenient for ships to ly there From thence runs the wall well a half mile in length eastwardly up at the end whereof there is a little bay where ye could set a kettle and lay a boat on watch but a short canon shot from the land is it well three hundred fathoms deep From thence to the north-corner which is half a mile on the shoar is it stonie knottie and stay On the north-side of this Island the yce lyes sometimes so near that if ye would sail from hence to Spitsbergen ye should be forc'd to set your course fourtie five and fourtie yea sometimes fiftie miles northerly about and sometimes ye can sail right northwards from this Island wel five and fourtie or fiftie miles to the heighth of 75 grades norther bredth before ye can see any Yce By fair and clear weather ye can see the Bears-mountain when ye are thirtie miles from it Now adayes there are not so many fish taken about this Island as was wont because they run now more towards the north then they used to do At John Mayens Island the veriation is a stroke and a half northwestward Of the Tides and flowing of Streams In the South-bay a south southeast and north northwest Moon according to the Hollands compas makes high water the floud flows from the south running northwards and ebbes contrarily Situation and Courses From Hitland to John Mayens Island north and northwest at the half stroke 160 miles From the North-end of John Mayens Island to the North-cape east somewhat northerly but little 170 miles From the North-end of John Mayens Island to the southermost point of Spitsbergen west northwest half a stroke northerly 165 miles From the South-end of John Mayens Island to the Island Grijp on the Liet of Dronten northwest a little more northerlie 147 miles From the South-end of John Mayens Island to Langenes the northermost corner of Yceland southwest half a stroke westward 111 miles From the north-corner to the south-corner north-east and north-east easterlie 9 miles From the North-corner to the South-east-corner of the little Sandiebay north-east northerly and north northeast 2 miles and a half From the little Sandiebay to the Eyer-Island or the beginning of the great Hout-bay east southerly 1¼ of a mile From the Eyer-Island to the first Rock that is like to a ship with her sails southward westerlie 1¾ mile From the first Rock to the other Rock which is also like to a ship west and a little southerly 1½ mile From this second Rock to the south-corner southwest 2¼ mile From the South-corner to the five or seven Rocks northwest ¼ mile From the south-corner to the low south-corner or the Hoy-berg north 1 mile From the Hoy-berg to the Southbay northeast 1¼ mile From the Fowlie-Rock to the Hoepstock-bay north-east 1 mile From the Fowlie-Rock to the Rudsen north-east scarce 1½ mile From the Rudsen to the Briellish-Steepel north-east northerlie 1 mile From the Briellish-Steepel to Marie-Mus-bay east northerlie 1¼ mile From Marie-Mus-bay to Muyens second Crosse-corner north-east 1½ mil. From Muyens Crosse-corner to the North-corner east 2½ mile The Hights The North-corner lieth on the hight of 71 grades 23 min. The South-corner lieth on the hight of 71 grades Thus appeareth the land in your sight when ye are on Sea The flat strand Thus appeareth the Bears-mountain vvhen he is northvvard tvvo miles from you Thus appeareth the Bears-mountain vvhen he is vvestvvard tvvo miles from you Thus appeareth the Bears-mountain vvhen he is southvvard tvvo miles from you The third Demonstration Containing The situation of the Bears Island the Hoopen Island as also of whole Spits-bergen for so much as they are northerly and easterly known as yet WHen ye come from the North-cape to the Bears-Island The Bears-Island your course is north northwest and north-west northerly about 54 or 55 miles Syroy Syroy then lyes right north northwest from the Bears-Island Upon the aforesaid North-cape there are people who lives till they be seventy or fourscore years old they never eat any bread for they live on fish and flesh The Indwellers of the North-cape towards Finmarken say that that Bay never freeses so that they get their living most by taking of fish and drying the same The Bears-Island is reasonable high ye can row about it in the space of six hours at the north-west corner thereof coming within three miles to it ye can finde ground of fourtie fathoms and how nearer the land ye come how undeeper it is for within a canon shot to it ye are on 15 fathoms Out of the Bears-Island ye can have refreshment of waters although it were for an hundred ships there groweth likewise
brave herbs whereof ye can make salate which refresheth a man extraordinarily there are also many fowls ye finde there coals to burn not unlike to the Scots coals At the northeast corner there lieth a little Bay where ye can ly safe after a little Island cornerwindes from east southeast to west southwest blows flat into this bay but as for other windes ye ly safe ye can come into this bay at the south-side thereof at the north-side it is almost fast to a great Island except a narrow passage where ye can come handsomely through with a chaloup hereabouts is no other Inham to run into in time of storme but round about ye have anker-ground yet ye must ly in open Sea the ground is durtie and there goeth a hollow Sea so that it is not good to anker there in time of storm the floud floweth commonly from the south-west toward the northeast a southwest northeast moone make high water and it floweth commonly four foot up and down At the time of year ye can take good kods and haddoks at the Bears-Island The East-coast of Spitsbergen FRom the Bears-Island to Hoopen-Island The Hoopen-Island the course is north-east northerly as is suspected two and thirtie miles the Island is seven or eight miles in length and not above three musquet-shot broad it lieth east north-east west southwest at both sides so wel at the south as the north but on the north side alongs the whole Island ye have good anker-ground on twentie fathoms a great half mile from land on the southwest end and the northeast end ye have some flat ground where the Walrushes use to come otherwise it is overall stay and ragged but on the southside it is overall stonie and rockie and not fit for ankering of which ye must take heed yet ye may sail within half a mile alongs the coast without danger but there is nothing on this Island that serveth for refreshment There hath been some who have sailed beyond the Hoopen-Island east north-eastward 24 miles but found no land found aboundance of yce and could reach no ground The Hoopen-Island appeareth to you as five mountains whereof the northeast end is the highest At the northeast end of Hoopen-Island there is a valley wel a quarter of a mile in circuit whereon resorts a great number of Walrushes yea sometimes it lieth whole full of them there are likewise an innumerable number of Sea-mews and other Sea fowls they flie sometimes in such multitudes that they hinder you from the sight of the firmament above your head so that the land is wel enough to be known by the off and on flying of those fowls seeking food for their young ones From the northeast corner of Hoopen-Island to Black-point the course is north westerly some ten miles but before ye come to Black-point on the southeast side there lieth a great many small Islands from the mast of your ship ye can tell sixtie of them but indeed there are so many as if they were sowen and that all alongs the coast so far as ye can see and that towards the northeast and west northwest as we suspect altogether stones and rocks When Black-point Black-point is four miles north easterly from you you see a great Island in comparison of the other when ye are a large musquet-shot on the south side of this Island ye ly on thirtie fathoms stitch-ground it is a stay ground for the length of a ship more Seawards in ye have 60 fathoms within the aforesaid Islands towards land ye can see open in Sea where the Islands are not so close together A mile further east from the aforesaid great Island without the low Islands there lyes a great many blindes in Sea where ye can have no anker-ground the Sea beats much on those blindes when it is high water yet there is no great floud On the northeast corner of Hoopen-Island there goeth as strong a stream as there doth in Texel the floud cometh from the south southwest and runs along the land A south-southwest winde maketh there the highest water on the aforesaid Island is no refreshment to begot so far as is yet known but is all stonie low land neither can ye see the aforesaid Islands from farre But Black-point is a very high land so that when it is fair weather ye can see it from Hoopen-Island thereabout ye have thick mists yea sometimes for the space of five or six dayes ye see not once the Sun but all thick cold mist From Black-point so lyeth the coast eastward on northeast up so far as ye can see to Wijbben Iansons water west northwest but the whole coast along lieth full of rocks and little Islands the floud cometh out of the south-west by the Cape on the east side of Look-out and runs northeastwardly up to Wijbben Jansons water Ye can scarcely lay on by the east side of the Cape Look-out because of the Yce that cometh from the east of Nova Sembla and runs along the coast as if it were fast land like to a bank so that ye can scarcely come through The West-coast of Spits-Bergen Look-out or Kijckâ—â—â— FRom the Bears-Island to the Cape Lookout or the south corner of Spits-Bergen is the course north northwest somewhat westly about eight and twentie miles There lyes a stonie channel on the southeast cape of Look-out Seawards in wel four miles in length on some places when the water rages ye can see it beat on the channel ye can sail through between this channel and the land but with great danger From the cape Look-out to the south-end of the foreland the course is north northwest six or seven and twenty miles between both lyes Hoorn-zond Klock-bay or Belzond and Yce-zond From the cape Look-out to Hoorn-zond the course is north northwest six miles it is betvveen both stonie and foul ground The Hoorn-zond Hoorn-zond is a wide bay and lyes without danger of all kinde of windes The English have their tents standing there and comes every year to take fish Between Hoorn-zond and Klock-river by others called Belzond Bel-zond lyes the coast northwards westerly and north northwest all alongs the coast it is stonie and foule and full of rocks and craigs Within the Bel-zond lies sundrie rivers and havens and a little within the corner on the north side lyes Willem van Muyens haven VVillem van Muyens haven that is so called because Willem van Muyen had fisht there aforetimes a little northwards up runs a river landvvards in which is called the undeep river The undeep river whereon lyes the cold harbour where aforetimes there have stood some tents a little more southerly lyes Michel Rinders river and more southerly from the aforesaid river lyes Sardammer-river which runs a great way landwards in From the Sardammer-river westward or sailende in through Klock-bay a little about the south corner there lyes a fair harbour which because of its conveniencie
east northerly from the Amsterdams tents lie two Yce-mountains hard on shore sometimes the Yce comes down with such a force that they make the ships that lie afore the tents to sturre The land within the bay is very high and stay as likewise it is by the Amsterdams and Danes Island although not so high At the South-corner of the Hollands-Bay lieth a little Island hard under-wall called the Devils-Island Devils-Island ye need not fear it for ye may sail hard by it From that same corner to the Vogelsang the course is east northeast a great mile The Vogelsang is an Island clean round about for ye may let anker fall where ye will From hence east southeast a canonshot lieth the Island met de kloof or cloven Island The Cloven-Island so called because the mountain that lieth on shoar is cloven and lieth between the Vogelsang and the aforesaid Island Betvveen the fast land and the aforesaid Island there lie divers Islands vvho because of their multitude are called Archepelliga Archepelliga in these Islands are diverse roads to be found for those that are acquainted there but none to be had at the fast land From the cloven Island to the Island called the Zews-uytkijck The Zevvs-uytkijck or Look-out the course is southeast easterly about half a mile between both there lieth a little round Island called the Geese-Island The Geese-Island vvhen ye come thither ye must sail through betvveen this and the Zevvs-kijck-uyt keeping the Gansen-Island a canonshot from you seavvards in at the Zevvs-Island ye have good anker-ground and lieth on 20 or 15 fathoms good anker-ground That passage vvhich runs betvveen the Islands and the fast land ends betvveen the Zevvs-Island and Moniers-bay it is possible to sail through the Hollands-bay but onely for those vvho are used vvith those passages From the Zevvs-uytkijck to Moniers-bay Moniers-bay is the course southeast a half mile and the passage is almost a quarter of a mile broad and on the south-side there lieth a haven called the Eyer or egge haven The egges-haven Moniers-bay is not fit to sail into because it is stonie foul and rockie and seldome used On the east side of the Zevvs-kijck-uyt in the after-sommer ye have often south-west windes with great calmnesse and in the fore-sommer northerly windes although ye have had a good gail at sea how farther east so much vvorse the floud floweth from the south toward the north all alongs the coast it floweth wel eight hours and ebbes in lesse then four All the Yee that cometh with an east winde from Nova-Sembla cometh with a great force along the northcoast of the cape the Kijck-uyt into the Hollandsbay yea so hard that the ships have enough to do to shun it this is alvvayes so when ye have often eastwindes in the fore-year then it is driven to the west-side of the cape the Kijck-uyt where the yee lieth and swimmeth till it be driven by the south-floud untill the coast of the Fore-land so that all the bayes are filled therewith from thence it runs northward on not knowing whether From Moniers-bay to the Red-bay the coast lieth east south-east four miles the coast is everywhere foul and stonie hard under Moniers-bay it is a low land yet by piece and piece climming upward to the Red-bay The Red-bay the east-corner of Moniers-bay is called the Low-corner From the Red-bay to Reene-velt the course is east south-east five miles the coast is not clean yet ye get anker-ground on twenty or eighteen fathoms alongs the Reene-velt yet ye shall finde no clean ground The Reene-velt The Reene-velt is low even ground in the middle thereof lieth a little round-hill which when it is from the south south-west from you ye have all along the coast of Reene-velt anker-ground as is aforesaid On the east-side of Reene-velt there runs a broad sail-water called the East-wijck at the end of which never any hath been as yet this water runs very far landwards in and is well three miles broad on the east-corner of the Easter-wijck lieth the Gray-corner lieth from Reene-velt south-eastward three miles as is aforesaid The Reene-velt lieth from the outmost of the Islands east south-east ten miles From Reene-velt north-east northerly four miles lieth the Moffen-Island where are many Walrushes From the Gray-corner Gray-corner with a south-east course ye sail to the South-easter-land on over a bay which is four miles broad which bay runs south and south south-west The Easter-land runs east north-east upward but it is yet unknown how far it is a even lane reasonable high but of divers sorts of earth alike to Spits-bergen so that it is thought to be an Island The whole west coast of Spits-bergen is wholy high uneven land The difference at Spits-bergen is 22 grades north-westerly when the Sun is south south-west he is at the highest there according to the Hollands compas In the fore-sommer ye have there commonly easterly and in the after-sommer southerly windes Likewise on the west coast of Spits-bergen in the fore-year ye have commonly east and north-east and in the after-year most southerly windes Of the Tides and flowing of Streams At the west-coast of Spits-bergen the tide keeps no constant course but a floud with a north-east and south-west moone maketh the highest water it floweth with a daily tide five and with a floud six foot A south-west and north-east moone maketh highest water at the Bears-Island the floud cometh commonly out of the south-west and floweth toward the south-east A south south-west and north north-east moone maketh the highest water on the north-east corner of Hoopen-Island and it floweth there as hard as in Texel it cometh out from the south south-west and runs along the coast to the Cape the Kijck-uyt the stream floweth from south-west north-eastward to Wijbbe Jansons water On the east-side of the Zews-uytkijck cometh the stream from the south and runs to the north it floweth eight hours and ebbes scarce four Of the Depths At the north-west-corner of the Bears-Island ye have fourtie fathoms and drieth more and more up till ye be within a canon-shot of land where ye have fifteen fathoms water Situation and Courses From the North-cape to the Bears-Island the course is north north-west and north-west westerly 54 or 55 miles From Suroy to the Bears-Island north north-west 50 miles From the Bears-Island to Hoopen-Island north north-east northerly 32 miles From the south-west to the north-east corner of Hopen-Island east north-east 8 miles From the north-east corner of Hopen-Island to Black-point north westerly 10 miles From the Bears-Island to the Cape the Uytkijck north north-west somewhat westerly 28 miles From the Cape the Uyt-kijck to the south-end of the foreland north north-west 26 or 27 miles From the Cape the Uytkijck to Horn-zond north north-west 6 miles From Horn-zond to Bel-zond north westerly and north north-west 7 miles From Bel-zond to Yce-zond north westerly 11 miles From
leagues The little Fisher is a bare round rock which lyeth not farre from the land when you come neere it you may know it well from the other rockes because there lye none farre from the land alone you may sayle about it on both sides but alongst to the southwards of it is the right fareway About a shot of a cast peece southeast or southeast and by east from this little Fisher lyeth a black rock with the top even above water almost like a buye upon the Flyestreame to see to a farre off as if it where a Seales head This rock you must leave on the starboard side and run through betwixt it and the Fisher but there is a piece of it driven off with a strong Icedrift so that as many say there is not much feare to bee made of it Hee that must turne to windwards thereabouts let him not come very neer this rock for men doe hold that there lye more rockes by it under water Both the Fishers are otherwise clean round about so that you may also finde road under them From the little Fisher to the poynt Corsnes Corsnes which the Lubickers doe call Kruysoort the course is eastnortheast somewhat easterly a league Corsnes is a poynt going off low of the maine land not very clean which you must leave on the larboard side To the westwards of Corsnes lye two little Islands close to the land Thwart of the poynt lyeth a rock allmost like a boat you may runne about by it in foure fathom and a halfe but not neare On the east side of that poynt you may anchor for Westerly winds in five or sixe fathom About two leagues thwart off from Corsnes lye very many rocks some one fathom some a halfe fathom some more and some lesse under water you may not goe out of the fareway without great feare and danger It is impossible to describe all the uneven grounds the great multitude of rocks rocky shoales which are lying thereabouts From Corsnes to the Island Rodehell Rodehell the course is northeast and by east about three leagues Rodehell is a greate rough Island with a saddle in the middest which you must leave lying on the starboard side The north poynt is a red poynt there stand up long staves over end like unto a Warder in Norway you must goe close alongst by them or you may runne in amidst the channell according as shall be best convenient but you may not goe close by the north poynt over against it which the Dutch shippers doe call Jan Lambertsons poynt because of a stony and steepe little riff which lyeth of from it but you may runn about by it upon your lead in seven or eight fathom but may come no neerer the right fareway betwixt then both is fourteen and fifteen fathom deep Betwixt the poynt of Corsnes the Rode-hell it is not without danger to turn to windwards especially you must be very carefull not to run too far over to the south wards but to the northwards towardes the maine land it is indifferent cleane It is there in the fareway fifteen fathom deepe soft clay-ground For not to misse this foresayd channell or the north point of the Rode-hell then take the mark out a stearne of the little Fisher bring that even without the poynt of Corsnes keep it so standing sayling towards the Rode-hell and so you shall not fayle to fal right before the channell This is a sure mark whereupon you may trust If you fall somewhat to the southwards of the foresaid channell you can see opening but seemeth to be all whole to the maine land so that men that are not well acquainted might not know where to seek the channell but sayling to the northwards the channell doth open itself When as you shall be then within the foresayd poynt of Rode-hell you may anchor there where you please fetch a Pylot from the land which may bring you up to the towne Wybrough It is there within fifteen fathom deep and good soft clay-ground If you wil being come within the Rode-hell saile up to Wybrough then goe on east and by south a shot of a cast peece unto a black point leave that about 2 cables lengths on the larboard side for there it is not cleane Being a little past this black point then go on northeast or eastnortheast a halfe league and then you shall come against a great white sand-bay but before you come by this sand-bay you shall meet a rock with a gray stone like a buye upon the Flyestream leave that foresayd rock on the starboard side and the gray stone on the larboard side run amidst the channell through betwixt them both there it is three fathom deep It is in no wise to bee done to sayle up there for him that hath not been re before but it is best to anchor a little within Rodehell to let him be brought up by a Pylot The Coast of Finland betwixt Elsevos and Wybrough The Channell of Elsevos lyeth from Narghen or the Wolfe northeast and by north southwest and by south about seventeen leagues and from Wranger south and north Upon the west side off the channell lyeth a high round rocke whereupon standeth a mast or Warder called Kubben Kubben over against upon the other side of the channell lyeth a long rocke or Island called Sautum Sautum an halfe league to the eastwards of Kubben lyeth another great round rock called Mely. Mely. These three rockes are the best markes to be known of this foresayd channell Betwixt Kubben and Sautum lyeth that channell in from thence northeast untill that you bee within the rockes and then northnortheast and north and by east untill you come before the river of Elsenvos Elsenvos there you may anchor betwixt the rockes in good anchor ground There runneth also a Lieth through within the rockes where you may sayle alongst and come out againe into the sea by Putsfagre this runneth about very crooked with many bights but it is Pilots water If you will sayle to Borgo Borgo then runne a league to the eastwards of the foresayd rock Mely there you shall finde two high bare rockes called the Tolcken runne in betwixt them both but neerest to the eastermost which is cleane and cleare close to it and lyeth somewhat further to seawards then the westermost Westnorthwest from this eastermost high rocke lyeth a little rocke above water leave that on the larboard side When as then you shall be by this eastermost rock which you leave lying on the starboard side of you then goe on northnortheast to Schoeland that is a rough Island off from which lye many bare poynts all which you must leave with the Island also on the starboard side then runne alongst close by these bare poynts When you are past them goe then northeast and by north somewhat easterly and so you shall see two other bare rockes
you may anchor within the rocks The Middle-stone lyeth about a half league southwest from the east poynt of the Lieth to witt from the e. poynt off the main land or the Swedes schares betwixt them both goeth in a channell called the Danske channell Dâ—nske-câ—annell For to sayle in there you must avoyd the foresayd east poynt a good wayes off whereupon standeth a mill and run in by the Middle-stone for from that poynt runneth of a great ledge off rocks a good wayes to seawards towards the Middle-stone From by west the Middlestone to Elsnap the course is northeast three leagues When you are a little past the Middle-stone you come in betwixt the two lands and a little within the east poynt you shall meet with a rock in the fareway called the Red-Cow Râ—d Cow You may sayle about it on both sides but men leave it commonly on the starboard side within that rock that is on the north side you may anchor Elsnap Elâ—nap is a haven behinde two little Islands where the Kings ships of wart do commonly lye to tarry for a winde when they are bound to sea there it is very easy lying when with contrary windes you can neither get up nor down you can come in and out there both from the northwards and from the southwards very conueniently Comming from the southwards you can see over the southermost little Island the masts of the ships that lye behind it For to sayle in there behind it run in about by the s poynt of the Island Elsnap behind it and then you leave a little black rock on the south side of the havens mouth lying on the larboard side Betwixt the two little Islands of Elsnap runnes also a channell through where you may go through with Huyes and small ships From thwart of Elsnap the course is inwards northnortheast about two leagues to the Red-holm Redholm that is a great Red round rock grown full of trees to the westwards off it lyeth another smaller bare rock the fareway is there in through betwixt them and about a musket shot broad in this narrow it is all over good anchor-ground From the north end of the Redholm lyeth off a great row off rocks unto the east shoare of the Lieth where you must sayle through When as you sayle through betwixt the Redholm the foresayd bare rock to the eastwards of it go then on yet about an English mile further northnortheast untill you come thwart of the fourth channell counting from the Red-holm which lyeth through the foresayd row of rockes to the northwards of the Redholm that is called S. Johns channell S. Johns channell it lyeth through about northnorthwest or somewhat more northerly it is a short Inlet run through there Being through S. Johns channell goe again northnortheast about an English mile to the Red-holm which is a long rock upon it stand three barrels upon masts this you must leave on the larboard side and run alongst to the eastwards of it From the north poynt of that Red-holm Redholm runneth of a little riffe or shoale which you must avoyd From the Red-holm unto the great Daler Great Daler the course is northw and by north that is a haven on the west side of the Liet there lyeth a Church-yard within on the land where the slain Poles people in the last Polish wars lye buried Thwart of that Church-yard is a Sand-bay there is good anchor ground like as is all over in that foresayd haven At the north poynt of the haven the great Daler lyeth a suncken rock close by the land called the Saltsack Saltsack upon which is no more ten nine foot water From the great Daler the course is alongst northeast a half league unto the little Daler Little Daler which is a high steep rock the highest that you find amongst all the the rocks in the Lieth run alongst to the westwards of it and leave it on the starboard side Over against it on the west side lyeth another rock which is called also the Daler to the westwards of it to wit betwixt that rock and the main land is also an opening where you may sayl through A little within that foresayd rock on the westland goeth in the Hardstick Hartstrick which is a Sound that lyeth in first west and west and by north a good wayes in and then northwest and commet into the Lieth to the northwards of Waxholm by Kings haven The Kings Majesty hath caused to sink some ships in the mouth of the Sound so that men cannot goe through there with great ships but onely with little barks From the little Daler the course is northnorthwest about a halfe league to Steendeur Steendeur a great Island which you must leave on the starboard side and run close alongst by it and so you shall leave a round rock to the southwards over against it on the larboard side and sayle through betwixt them this channell lyeth through northwest At the west end of the great Island Steendeur lyeth a little black rock you must run about by it again to the eastwards From Steendeur to Kow-haven Kow haven the course is eastnortheast two leagues that is a rock lying in the broad Sound leave it on the starboard side sayl to the westwards of it alongst by the west land unto Berck-haven Betwixt both about half wayes lyeth a haven called the Crosse-haven there it is good lying for west and northwest winds Berckhaven Berckhaven lyeth from Cow-haven northeast and by north distant about two leagues this is a haven betwixt two Islands where is good anchoring for all winds as well for them which come from Stockholm and desire to sayle to the Northbodem as also for them that will sayle off towards Landsoort there is like as at most places betwixt the rocks and Islands good clay ground When you come from Kow-haven and are bound to Stockholm you must leave these two Islands of Berck-haven on the starboard side and run in about betwixt them and the poynt of the maine land From the narrow betwixt Berck-haven and the foresayd poynt to Duer-haven Deur-haven the course is northwest about a halfe league On the southwest side of that fareway thwart of the point over against Duer-haven lye two suncken rocks on each side of the poynt one the one on the northwest side and the other on the southeastside commonly there standeth upon each of them a little tree for a beakon From the poynt of Deur-haven unto the Draybome Draybom the course is southwest and by west somewhat westerly about a halfe league it is called also the Duer-haven of from the poynt with in the Islands untill you come before the buye alongst there and also within the Islands it is good lying every where The litttle Islands which lye in the channell of the Draybome you must leave them on the starboard side of you From the Draybome to the
Windstream Windstream the course is first north north by west untill about halfe wayes there you shall find a little Island with a little tree leave that on the larboard side and goe from thence in n. northwest to the Windstream In the Windstream is a good anchoring by the shoare except in the north end of the stream there is no anchor ground From the Draybome to the Windstream it is about a league distance From the Windstreame to the Seugh The Seugh the course is westnorthwest a half league that is a chindle or stone-banck even with the water runne alongst to the northwards of it and leave it on the larboard From the Seugh to Scheggen Scheggen the course is west and by north a league run alongst there by the south shoare When you come against Scheggen you shall see upon the poynt of the south shoare a little round tree over against that little tree somewhat more northerly then in the middle off the channell lyeth a suncken rock for to avoyd it you must run nearest the south shoare The reach off Scheggen lyeth through west and west by south about an English mile it is narrow but hath every where anchor ground From Scheggen the course is westsouthwest an English mile to Steck-sound or west to Kings-deep the little Islands on the starboard side Steck-holm as you saile to Steck-sound are cleane round about so that you may goe on all sides about by them Comming close to Steck-sound you shall finde a suncken rocke a little by south the fareway The Steck-sound lyeth through southsouthwest it is a short Inlet about a cables length long From Steck-sound unto Waxholm Waxholm it is southwest westerly above an English mile Upon Waxholm standeth the Kings Castle there all the ships are visited whether they go up or down the channell there by it is paled to so neare that they can shut it with a barre From Waxholm to the Wester reach Wester reach the course is westsouthwest and through the Wester reach southwest From thence alongst west to Eeldam that is a very narrow channell a little more then a ships length broad From Eeldam Eeldam the course is west to Mouseholm which is about a league from Waxholm men leave the high rough Mouse-holm on the starboard side and run alongst by it to the southwards From the Mouse-holm Mouse-holm to Kings-haven it is a league west and west and by north all alongst by the south-south-land From Kingshaven Kings haven unto the town Stockholme the course is northwest and northwest and by west also a league distance along by the shoare When you come before the Towne you may anchor where you please He that falleth to leewards or by any other accident cannot come by Landsoort into the Liet of Stockholm Stockholm he may sail in more to the northwards through divers channels Amongst others there is one where men may sayle into and come by the great Daler into the Lieth there goeth another in by the Swedes-sand through it men come by Berck-haven into the Lieth The knowledge off this channell is a very high rock with another that is not so high thereby to the southwards of it betwixt these two rocks goeth in this channell it is very narrow in the comming in not above two shippes lengths broad So soon as you come in within these rocks you may edge up about by the lowest which is the southermost and anchor under it in very good anchor ground From that road in the Swedes sands the Sound goeth up first about n. w. by north n. west 5 leagues unto Berker-haven into the Lieth of Stockholm This is a very easy channell as well for to sayle in as out but because it is not easy to bee known comming in out the sea it is seldom used To the southwards or the westwards off these two foresayd rocks at the comming in of this channell it is all low land If you come from the southwards and run alongst by that low land so long untill that you begin to get the high land you shall also run in sight of these two foresayd hommocks About a league to seawards from them lye three or four small rocks for to saile in there you must leave them on the starboard side and in sailing out on the larboard side From the south-end of Oeland to the south-end off Gotland the course is eastnortheast and northeast and by east three and twentye or foure and twentye leagues but to the Karels northeast somewhat northerly seven and twenty leagues The course alongst the farewaie for to sayle from the south end of Oeland through betwixt Oeland and Gotland is northeast by north The Island Oeland is twentie four leagues long and a league and half broad when men sayle alongst by it they may counte eighteene towards upon it which are all flat then east coast is a clean coast lyeth northnortheast southsouthwest but about 7 or 8 leagues to the southwards of the north end there shooteth off a little riffe thwart from the land a great half league into the sea which men must avoyd by it goeth in a little haven where indifferent shipps may goe in otherwise Oeland hath no havens From the south end of Gotland runneth off a foule stonie riffe a good wayes in to the sea you may run about by it upon the lead in seven eight and nine fathom The Karels are two little high Islands lying on the west side of Gotland north and by west about seven leagues from the south poynt of Gotland and east and w. about a halfe league one from the other the greatest is called the greate Karell The great Karell and lyeth a great league from the land the smallest the little Karell and lyeth about a halfe league from the shoare When you come from the southwards the greate Karell sheweth it selfe in two hommocks and the little Karell Little Karell in one hommock and nearer to the land Under the little Karell is round about good roade in eight nine and ten fathom and is round about clean and cleare without foule grounds Men doe anchor betwixt it and the land in sixe or seven fathom there it is good lying for all winds as well for them that are bound to the eastwards as to the westwards He that shall be to the northwards of Gotland and shall gett a contrarie wind may also anchor under the great Karell but under the Little Karell is farre the best roade Under the great Karell men may anchor on the west and east side but on the north and south side it is soule therefore come no nearer it by night then in eleven or twelve fathom Betwixt the two Karels it is thirteen and fourteen fathom deep About half wayes betwixt the Karels the south end off Gotland southsoutheast from the Karell lyeth the haven Boswyke Boswyke thwarte of it runneth
on both sides as well of the outermost as of the second-buy but to the southwards of them it is deepest and the common fareway The third buye is a buy with a tayle and lyeth upon a point of a tayle which off from the Ooster which you may not goe to the northwards of untill it were very close alongst by it all alongst by the strand of Schowen it is deepe and steepe you may runne close by it from the outermost buy unto Brewers-Haven there is nothing that can hurt you the shoalest of this Channell is eighteen or nineteene foot at least a league without the land in the coming in betwixt the Ooster and the Hill Further inwards it is foure five six and seven and at some places ten and eleven fathom as it is shewed in the Card by the numbers of Feet and all at low water The Keel the Newdeep the Velt and the Roompot You may run into Zierick-zee through divers channels through the Keel the Newdeep the Velt the Roompot For to sayle through the Keele then run in as is before said of the channel of Brewers-haven first in by the marks of the Blench and Renisse soo long until that ter Veer come to the westermost point of Schowen called the Hoot keepe them one in the other or to the other run soo in untill you come by the strand and then forth by it and you shall find so in the Keel at the shoalest 18 and 19 Foot and comming against the point of the Hoot foure and five fathom Betwixt the Hoot and the New-sand which falleth at the east end in some places dry run all alongst by the land of Schowen untill you come thwart of the southermost cape of Schowen edge then somewhat off from the shore towards the Baniard for to avoid a Share which lieth off from Schowen which you might saile within when you come out of the sea There lieth a buy upon the point wherby it is easy to be known being past that run all alongst by the shore untill you come to Zierickzee somewhat within the buy upon the point of the share there is lately laid another little buy for those that wil saile that waies out for that they may not saile upon the east side of the foresayd share The Newdeep For to saile in at the New-deepe you must looke out for two stone fire-beakons standing a little to the southwards of the foresayd Capes of the Channell of Brewers-Haven bring the innermost a handspikes length to the southwards of the outermost and runne then right in with them and then you shall runne in betwixt the Hill the New-Sand in sixteene seventeene and 19 foot goe in alongst by the foresaid markes untill that you come by the strand and then you come into the Keele If you bring the firebeakons one in the other sayle so right in you shall then runne over the tayle of the Hill in eleeaen or twelve foot The Hill is a land somewhat flat which men may come neare to the south side by their lead but the Newsand is very steep and the sea breaketh very much upon it When as you come in by the strand into the Keel then run in alongst by the strand as is before said in the description of the Keel For to sayle in at the Velt you must observe these marks here under described almost upon the southermost end of Schowen standeth a Tower alone in the field with a cape upon it called West-schowen bring that Tower a capstane barres length to the southwards of the foresaid southermost cape of Westschowen The 〈◊〉 and runne so right in and then you shall runne through betwixt the Newsand and the Baniard and shall finde upon the shoales thwart of the outermost poynt of the Newsand twelve and fourteene foot being past that there will be againe fifteene sixteen and eighteen foot and by the strand twenty foot deepe When you come in by the strand runne all alongst by it untill you come even to Zierick-zee as here before is sayd of the Keel and Newdeepe When you runne in at this channell you must take very good heed of the Banjard which is very steepe upon the north side close to it there is three foure and five fathom but thwart of the foresayd strand which lyeth of from Schowen sixe and seven fathom deep The New-sand is indifferent flat on the south side that you may borrow of it by your lead The Veer-gat For to sayle in the Veer-gat comming from the northwards you must keepe West-cappell not to the westwards of south from you and then you cannot come to neere the Banjaer but if you bring West-cappel to the westwards of the south from you you should lightly sayle upon the Baniaert Markes of the Baniaert runne soo right with West-cappell untill that Middelbrough come over East-chappell then you are to the end of the Baniaert sayle then right with East-cappell and Middelbrough untill that Cortgeen come through or a great capstane barres length to the Southwards of West-kercke they are two Towers standing in the suncken land and shall bee then about eastsoutheast from you keepe these Towers soo standing and run in so right with them and you shall runne in sight of the first buy of the Veer-gat In the Veergat lye three buyes with two bottomes of fashion like great Hogsheads which you must leave all on the starboard side Before you come to the first buye you shall sayle by another buye on the larboard side lying upon the poynt of the Polle The Polle which is a poynt of the Baniaert that is a Peare buye of fashion like all other sea buyes that lye in the Mase or Elswhere The foresayd first buy in the Veergat lyeth in three fathom and a halfe From the first to the second and third buye the course is southeast and by east or somewhat more southerly but you may easily see from the one to the other The second and third buyes lye in two fathom each upon a poynt of a plate called the Maide Mayd Over against the third buye lyeth a shoale called the Unrest Unrest which lyeth with a longsharpe poynt towards the third buye so that it is not there very broad betwixt them therefore you must runne close alongst to the northwards of the buye betwixt the buy and the foresayd poynt of the Unrest it is not deeper then twelve and thirteen foote but thwart of the first second buye it is broad and deepe enough Being past the third buy sayle then right to Ter-Veer Over against Ter-Veer lyeth a plate called the Scotsman which you have onely to avoyd If you will goe in at the Roompot to Zierick-zee For to sayl in at the Roompot and that you are come betwixt the foresayd Peare buy upon the poynt of the Polle and the first or outtermost buy of the Veer-gat then commeth Domburgh to the Hoot which is a white sand-hill upon
Walcheren allmost of fashion like the Woolsackes upon the land off Schowen keepe them one in the other and you shall runne alongst by two buyes more Wolplaiâ— which shall lye on the larboard side alongst by the Polle and you shall see one buye with a tayle lying upon the west poynt of the Wool-plate over against the third buye of the Polle betwixt these two buyes you must run through leaving that with the tayle on the starboard side and runne about by it to the eastwards There lye also two buyes with tayles besides the foresayd upon the Wool-plate you may easily see from one to the other these you must leave on the starboard side and runne alongst to the northwards of them about eastsoutheast on so long till the steeple of Koukercke upon Schowen come even without the poynt of Schowen runne then in right with that poynt about by it then alongst by the shore unto Zierick-zee When as you runne towards the poynt of Schouwen then you sayle through betwixt two buyes more the one lying on the starboard side upon the eastermost poynt of the Baniart or Hooghplate the other with a tayle on the starboard side upon the poynt of another plate called Poolvoet lying betwixt the land of Schowen Oresand All the buyes with tayles men must leave in sayling in on the starboard side those without tayles on the larboard side The Fishermen runne by day most about to the southwards of the Poolvoet plate and leave the foresayd buye with the tayle then on the larboard side that plate is somwhat flat that men may borrow off it by theyr lead but they must sound quick but by night they run by Schowen close alongst by the shoare which is exceeding steepe and needle too The Channell betwixt the Island Walcheren and Flanders hach divers deepes and channels where men may sayle in and out through with great shippes as the Botkill the Doorloye the Splete and the Wieling It is commonly called after one of the chiefest of the same with the name of the Wielings The greatest shoales betwixt which these foresayd channels doe runne through are The Rasses the Rasses The Raen The English Poll. the French Poll. the Raen the English Polle and the Innerbanck The Rasses lye alongst the west side of Walcheren The Raen to the westwards of it The English Polle betwixt them and the coast of Flanders lying of to the westwards with a long small ribb unto thwart of Oostend The Inner-banck lieth betwixt the east end of the English Polle Casand which is also called the French Poll or the Ript The Bot-kill For to sayle out at the Bot-kill you must run from Flushing within 2 Cables lengths alongst by the shoare thorough betwixt the land the Geer the Rasse the shore is very steepe soo that men may come close by it with great shippes without any danger the Rasses are flat on the cast or the inner side towards the land To the eastwards or to the southwards of Souteland in that fareway it is 5 6 fathom deepe but to the northwards or to the westwards it is deeper and thwart of West-cappel 8 9 fathom When the Church of Westcappel which hath a flat steeple cometh over the mill thwart of that runneth a channell through betwixt the n. c. Rasses w. s w. into the sea where remaineth at low water no lesse then 2 fathom water Mâ—rkes of the Botkil keepe West-cappell the foresaid mill one in the other runne out soo by them When Buyes Church commeth over the foresayd mill of Westcappell then keepe them one in the other and you shal runne then right out at the Botkil through betwixt the n. Rasses on the larboard side a sand called Calloo on the starboard side In the Botkill is not lesse then 4 f. a halfe depth but upon both the Rasses remaineth at low water no more then 2 foot and a halfe and upon Calloo 3 or foure fathom To the northwards of the sand Calloo lyeth yet a plate called the Quernes Quernes lying northwards allmost untill thwart of Domburgh betwixt them both is a channell of foure or five fathom depth called the Easter-gat For to sayle out there or to finde it comming in out of the sea you must bring Westcappell to the northermost head Land-Deep which is a head very good to be knowne and run out in or thereby Betwixt the quernes the land goeth out yet a Land-deep of three fathom a half For to find that comming in out of the sea you must runne to the shore thwart of Domburg which is a sharpe steeple into 3 fathom or 2 fathom and a halfe keepe the sounding of the shore so neare as you please and runne in so alongst by the heades untill you be come within When you come in at any of these channels and are come soo farre to the eastwards as betwixt Buyens Church Soutland and that you must turne to windwards with an easterly wind then you may sayl through betwixt the easter Rasses and the plate to the westwards of it called the Geere and soo come out in the broad channell into the Dorloy and Splete run soo about to the southwards of the Geer unto Flushing About 2 leagues without the land of Walcheren lyeth a long small bank lying s w. n. east called the Stone bank upon the middest where of there is no more then 2 fathom upon the north-end of it 3 fathom water He that wil sayle in or out at the Botkill or the channels to the n. of it the Eastergat or Land-deep must sayle about either to the northwards or to the southwards of that Stone-bank When Middleburgh commeth over Domburgh then are you thwart of this Stone-bank but if you bring Middleburgh half waies betwixt Domburgh East-cappell so sayl to the land then you runne along to the northwards of it Or els if you bring West-cappell e. s e. from you in a black valley of the sand-hills and sayle so right in then you runne alongst to the westwards or the southwards of it Markes of the Stone bank Within the Stone-bank it is againe 8 or 9 at some places 10 fathom deep Upon the foresayd marks course to wit West-cappel east souhteast from you in the black valley you may sayle right in at the Botkil when that East-cappell commeth then somewhat through Domburgh or to the eastwardes of it then you shal get deeper water goe then towards the shore soo alongst by it as is before sayd A little from the south west end of the Stone-bank lyeth yet another but it is not long called the Oyster-bank Oyster-banke upon it remaineth at low water about 4 fathom Water The Doorloy For to sayle from Flushing out at the Doorloy with ships that draw much Water you must set sayle when the Water is flowed an houre or two for to come
Wenduynen a sharp steeple Of the tydes coâ—â—ses of the Streames Before Brewers-haven a s s w. and n. n. e. Moone maketh high water In the Channell of Brewers-haven a south and by west Moone At Ter-Veer a s s w. and n. n. e. Moone In the Veer-gat a s and n. Moone It is not good to runne in at Veer-gat especially with a southerly or southwest wind before that the flood be halfe spent for the after-ebbe and the foreflood fall thwart over the Baniaert hard in at the Roompot towards the land of Schowen but when the flood is halfe spent then it falleth right in at the Veer-gat When the Moone is southeast or northwest then the water is there already two third parts flowen Like as it is here before sayd of the Mase and the Goerees-gat so also here before the channels of Brewers-haven and Ter-Veer the flood turneth about with the Sunne soo that the after-flood falleth in the channels the afterwards turneth about to the southwards and becommeth a running ebbe but the after-ebbs fall right out at the channels thwart into the sea and then with the fore-flood about againe to the northwards Before the Wielings a south and by w. and a s s w. Moon maketh the highest water At Flushing Ramekens a s s.w Moone At West-chappell on the land of Walcheren a south and north Moone maketh high water When the water is a halfe houre fallen then the tyde beginneth to fall out there and when it is flowen a halfe houre it beginneth to fall in but before the Botkill it beginneth to goe therefirst an houre before the lowest water but it falleth long at sea In the Splete and over the shoals lying the abouts the tyde turneth about against the Sunne and at last falleth in at the channels A south and north Moon maketh there the highest water The fore-flood falleth over the shoals there towards the land When the Moone is about eastsoutheast or that the water bee about two houres flowen then it beginneth to turne towards the south first southsouthwest and then past the south towards the east untill that the Moone be southsoutheast and then the flood falleth to the eastwards When Blanckenbrough standeth about southeast and by east from you from thence to the eastwards the tyde turneth about against the Sun but from thence to the westwards you shall not finde the tydes to turne about Against Zealand in the fare way a third part of the flood falleth towards the land and afterwards east and by north Men may see Zealand from the poope in 16 fathom Courses and Distances From Flushing to Blanckenbrough nearest Westsouthwest 9 leagues From Blanckenbrough to Oostend southwest and by west 2 leagues From Flushing to the north Forland west somewhat southerly 25 leagues From the Wielings to Dover w. and by south 26 leagues From the Wielings to Lay-stasse or Yarmouth north west 32 leagues Heights Flushing Ramekens and the south coast of Walcheren lye neare in 51 degrees and a halfe Brewers-Haven The land of Schowen sheweth it selfe thus when it is three or foure leagues thwart from you De Cust van VLAENDEREN Beginnende vande wielingen tot aen de Hoofden met alle haer sanden en droogten Renisse Blenck or wolsack E. S.E from you Visnamenghen sandhil Lauwest sand wagon path Cape Cape Fire beakon The Hoot S.S.E. When you are before the Channell of Brewers-Haven the land of Schowen sheweth it selfe thus West-chappel Souteland Middelleburgh Souburgh Coukerek Flushing Thus sheweth Walcheren when you are in the Doorloy or before the Splete S. Lambert Sluce Knock Heys Liswegen Blanckenbrough Thus sheweth the coast of Flanders from Blanckenbrough eastwards when you sayle in or out at the Wielings The fourth Demonstration Which unfoldeth The Coast of Flanders from the Wielings to the Heads about Callice together with the Coast of England from Dover to the north Forland BEtwixt Wenduynen Blanckenbrough standeth another little steeple called Iohn Davids steeple Oostend lyeth a great league to the westwards of Wackerhout A halfe league to the west wards of Ostend lyeth S. Catelyn a league to the westwards of it is Midlekerck being a high thick flat steeple From Middle-kerck to Newport it is two leagues there is a flat steeple with a little sharpe steeple A little to the eastwards of Newport lyeth our Lady of Lombardy a high flat steeple From Newport to Broers it is two leagues and from Broers to Dunkercke three leagues The Southkoten is a league to the eastwards of Dunkerck Dunkerck hath a high flat steeple with a little sharpe steeple From Dunkerck to Graveling are three leagues betwixt them stand these steeples first little Sinten a little sharpe steeple great Sinten a thick flat steeple Mardycke a thicke flat steeple and S. Georges a high sharpe steeple Graveling hath no steeples but there stand two mills one on the Easter-gate and the other on the west end of the towne From Graveling to Callice are three leagues Callice hath many sharpe Steeples where of one is higher then all the rest and betwixt both lye these villages most without steeples First Hooghenpryse and Dasen two flat steeples more Valdam a flat Church with a little spire upon the middest of it that is all the knowledge of Flanders The Coast of Flanders betwixt Callice and Blanckenbrough is foure and twenty leagues long or as some say one and twenty leagues Blanckenbrough from Flushing nine leagues Soo that Flushing is from Callice at the least 30 leagues or as some say 33 leagues at the most That which is here sayd of the steeples and leagues alongst the coast of Flanders is very serviceable and needfull as well for that which is before described of the Wielings as also fot the sayling into the havens of Flanders but especially for the knowledge of the Flemish bancks For to sayle into Oostend Oostend you must run close to the eastwards of the towne into the haven called the Gueule on the east poynt of the haven lyeth a head whereupon standeth a beakon you must run close in by that head there it is deepest from the west side to wit towards the towne shooteth of a little flat whereof you must avoyd that side a ships length or 2 at low water a common tyde remaineth in this havens mouth 6 foot and at high water there is two and twenty foot water A little within the haven you may anchor where you will and at low water you may lye there with a great ship a float Newport Newport is a tyde-haven which falleth altogether dry at low water and at high water and a common tide there is 13 footwater close before the havens mouth is a bank which lyeth from the eastwards of the Haven of Newport over to the westwards thwart before the Havens mouth and at halfe flood lyeth dry and at high water there commeth no more upon it then eight foot water He that will goe into Newport must go
east side a hooke which lyeth to the eastwards running to nothing allmost against Newport this bank is three or foure fathom and upon the east end five six fathom The fourth is alsoo in two banks the eastermost is called Sandele Sandele or Oudemoers bank Oudmoers Banck and the westermost Cal bank Calbank of some called alsoo Small bank which lyeth alongst by the Broad-bank but that outer end lyeth at least two great leagues of The shippes that will goe before Dunkerck cannot get alongst by Flanders doe runne about without these bankes untill they come against Broad-banke and then runne in alongst by it 5 or 6 fathom The Channell is 15 fathom deep and every one of these foure bankes hath a dry Poelder When 2 Steeples that are somewhat flat to the southward of Newport stand a handpikes length asunder then are you thwart of these foure bankes here before mentioned which are not deeper at low water then one fathom and at spring-tydes fall almost dry Betwixt all these bankes you may anchor in 9. 10. 11. and also in 12 fathom you may runne over them in 4 fathom but when you are to the westwards of them you shall finde it deeper to wit 8. 9. and 10 fathom The Broers banck Broers banck is three cornerd and lieth close by the land thwart of Broers and the Cloyster Ten DuyneÌ„ and lyeth of from the shoare about westnorthwest a league into the sea when the Cloyster Ten Duynen or the Broers lyeth south from you then you are at the innermost part of the Broers-bank you may runne through betwixt the land and this banck in foure fathom at low water but men doe run commonly about to the westwards of it when they sayle through within the bankes alongst the Coast of Flanders A little to the westwards of Broers-banck lyeth the Cams-banke Cams-banck which is three fathom deepe and lyeth in many Rasses you may run through betwixt the land and this banke also in 8. 9. and 10. fathom and alsoo may ride there for alt winds By the land betwixt this bank and Broers-banck it is 5 fathom deepe When you run through betwixt this banke and the land then you come alongst by the Quade bank untill you come before the Haven of Dunkerck When you are a good wayes past the head of Dunkerck about s w. from the Splinter then you runne over a shoale of two fathom called Wilbaert Sound Wilbaert Sound being over it you shall have againe then 11 12 fa. When Borburger Steeple commeth in the valley of the sand-hill then you are thwart of this bancke by these markes you may sayle through these bancks northnorthwest into the sea and come against the tayle of the Broad-banck in foure fathom When as that you doe edge againe somewhat towards the land in twelve thirteene or fifteene fathom then you may sayle through betwixt the Broad and the Small banâ—ke on eastnortheast or east and by north untill you are past the Cloyster Ten Duynen or the Broers-Banck which lyeth off from the Cloyster about a league into the sea To the eastwards past this banck it beginneth to be shoale water against Newport foure or five fathom being past Newport you must edge towards the land in eight or nine fathom keeping close to the land and then you shal run through betwixt the land and the Geere which lyeth alongst towards Oostend When you come against Oostend then you are cleare of the bancks and then you may run into the sea for to goe into the Wielings Markes of the Flemish bancks There lye yet five long banckes alongst Flanders When Graveling is southeast from you then you are thwart of the south end of these bankes and when Newport is southeast from you Then you are thwarr of the north end of them they are very long and betwixt each goeth a wide Channell through of eight nine twelve fifteene sixteen eighteene nineteene and twenty fathom deepe each of a severall depth The outermost or westermost banke called the Cliffe The cliffe lyeth from Callice cliffe northnortheast about foure leagues and a halfe and is three fathom and a halfe deep betwixt this and the other goeth a wide channell throug of three and twenty and 24 fathom deep The second called the Ruyting The Ruytinig lyeth from Callice cliffe northeast and by north about foure leagues and is there five or six fathom deepe but upon the south end of it is a Poelder of a fathom and a halfe When the south end of Winocxbergen commeth betwixt the two flat steeples to the westwards of Dunkerck then are you thwart of this Poelder There stand three or foure mils to the eastwards of Dunkerck when the outermost commeth over the east end of the towne that is also a good mark of this Poelder or shoale and then the steeple of Dunkerck shall be from you s e five leagues Betwixt this and the third goeth alsoo a channell through of 12 and 13 fathom The third called the Dyke The Dyke lyeth from Callice Cliffe northeast and is deepe foure five fathom upon the south and north end of this Bancke are Poelders the southermost is deepe one fathom and lyeth also upon the markes of Winocxbergen about northwest somewhat westerly from Dunkerck is called the Polder of the Dyke or Dyke-Polder the other Polder or shoale of this bancke is about foure fathom and two foot deepe and lyeth n. w. from the Cloyster Ten Duynen These bancks are very dangerous for the Ruyting lyeth allmost in the fare-way and at low water they have no more then two fathom depth The fourth banck called Kettell-banck lyeth from Callice-Cliffe northeast and by cast and is deepe three foure five and six fathom Upon the south end is a shoale of one fathom water at low water at spring-tydes these Polders fall dry Alongst by this goeth also a channell through of 19 and 20 fathom To the eastwards of the Kettel-banck to wit betwixt that and the Broad-banck goeth throug a great channell of 19 and 20 fathom In all the channels betwixt the foresaid banckes men may turne to windwards every where from one bancke to the other anchor betwixt the bancks where they will The south end of the Broad-bancke Broad banck lyeth from Callice-cliffe eastnortheast and hath one shoale upon the south end of one fathom and a halfe is throughout three and 4 fathom deepe The north end is deep 6 7 and 8 fathom and lyeth so far to the northward untill Newport be northwest from you or the Cloyster Ten Duynen bee northnorthwest 5 or 6 leagues from you The Coast of England from Dover to the north Forland Betwixt Callice and Dover amiddest in the fare-way or somewhat nearer the French side then the English lyeth a narrow bancke of foure leagues long lying about n. n. east and southsouthwest alongst the land of Blacknesse being called the Vaen and by the Dutchmen called Vrow-sand
the Somme through two channells from the east poynt called the East Downe lyeth off a sand thwart before the channell to the westwards off that riffe lyeth alsoo another great banck between them goeth in the Easter-channell For to sayle in there bring S. Valery a cables length to the westwards of the west poynt of the River called the Oordell and run in thereupon untill you come to the land at that foresayd west poynt and from thence close alongst by it or as soon as you get againe deeper water over the banck then turne up eastward towards the beacons From the poynt of the Oordel lyeth of to the northwards a little riffe upon the end of it lyeth a buy which you must leave on the starboard side and run in close about to the northwards of it From the point of the Oordell upwards it is set allongst with beacons you must run alongst close by them untill you come within the poynt of S. Valery where you must anchor and lye every tyde dry The sands there within do shift so often that they are not to be described for alwayes For to sayle into the western-channell For to sayle into the wester channel comming from the east or the north you must run alongst by the banks in six or seven fathom and not neerer they are so steepe that a shipp sitting fast upon them with the fore castle at the stern hath three fathom Comming towards the land at the end of the bankes you shall finde a buy Or els if you come from the west and bring Crotoye a cables length within the Oordell and sayle soo right in you shall finde the foresayd outermost buy Besides this there lye three other buyes whereof that foresayd buye on the poynt of the Oordell is the fourth the innermost You must leave them all on the starboard side towards the land and run in alongst by them to the northwards of them These channels and sands there within all untill past S. Valery Fall at low water altogether drye the buyes alsoo fall drye that men may goe by them at halfe flood with an ordinary tyde there is no more then two fathom Water it is not good to goe in there before that two third parts of the â—lood bee spent With an ordinary tyde it floweth there five and sixe fathom but with a spring-tyde seven fathom up and downe At high water and spring-tyde a man may goe over all the bankes and sands with eight or ten foot Water five leagues upwards lyeth Abbeville Thwart of the Somme it is farre off in to the sea shoale water five sixe seven eight nine and ten fathom three or foure leagues off into sea He that commeth from the west and findeth himselfe in darke and misty weather to bee in such shoaling may bee well assured not to bee farre from the Somme From the Oldman to Diep the course is southsouthwest 18 leagues but from the Somme to Diep southwest and by west eight or nine leagues About halfe way betweene the Somme and Diep lyeth the River of Heu within it on the north side lyeth Tresport Tresport being alsoo a tyde-haven where men must goe in at high water and at low water lye dry At the east side of the Haven of Diep Diep lyeth a ranck of rocks and from it lyeth a little riffe of chindle towards the north or the west to the southwards of this riffe goeth in the channell about southeast in it is very narrow and a short inlet therein lye three buyes in in the middest of the deepe not above a stones cast one from the other men may run in on both sides of them comming to the end of the buyes they must keepe the middle of the channell and run in betweene the heades untill they come within the towne there make fast with a cable on the shoare Men may not sayle in there before flood but not at halfe ebbe at low water it falleth altogether dry but within at the Towne men may ride a float at high water there commeth three fathom or at the highest not more then 3 fathom and a halfe water there come out alwayes Pilots to bring ships in S. Valery in Caux From Diep to Saint Valery in Caux it is southwest and by west foure leagues that is alsoo a tyde-haven where you must goe in with high water it is a narrow channell where you goe in between to the Heads there is neither sand nor bancke before it that can hurt you being come in you may let your anchor fall and make you fast with a cable on the shore Hee that hath neither cable nor anchor may being come there within saile his ship on against the shoare in the chindle and soo save his ship goods without dammage From S. Valery to Fecam Fecam it is w. s w. foure leagues that is a deepe tyde-haven there remaineth at low water little lesse then 2 fathom water At the east side of the havens-mouth lyeth a banke or plate men may with small shippes sayle in through betwixt it and the land and so runne in sounding borrowing it eight or nine foot alongst by the east shoare which is flat For to sayle into the westwards of the plate you must keepe the Tower of Fecam without the land or without the West poynt of the Haven and then it shall bee southsoutheast from you run then upon that mark into the Haven and then the foresayd sand shall remaine on the larboard side of you and at halfe flood you shall have in the Havens-mouth 2 fathom water being come in before the towne you may anchor there by the Westerne shoare in three fathom From Fecam to Struysaert Struysaert it is westsouthwest three little leagues Without the poynt of Struysaer lye two high sharp rocks From thence to Seynhead it is s and s and by west 2. leagues and a halfe About northwest from Seynhead lyeth a bancke upon which at low water remaineth no more than two fathom and a halfe water when the towne of New-haven commeth without Seynhead then are you thwart of the back For to avoyd it run in close aboard the Seynhead alongst untill you come within the first mill there let fall your anchor in 6 fathom stay for a Pilot to bring you into the haven For to sail into the River of Roan For to sayle into the River of Roan comming from the north or the east you must runne close aboard the land to the northwards of Seynhead and alongst by it soo long untill the south side of the river come unto the poynt of Seynhead then runne in with it untill the land to the westwards of Newhaven come without Newhaven sayle then unto the Haven of Newhaven Or elâ—e if you will goe without about the bancke or the Rettires then edge over to the westwards soo far from the land untill the river come open sayle then towards the poynt of Tochet and run in
it then edge up to the westwards towards the Bay untill that you see that foresayd little Island with the 2 little short towers at the west poynt leave it on the larboard side runne in close alongst to the northwards of it for it is very cleane but leave the castle a great wayes on the starboard side being fowle about it Being come within the little Island at the west poynt you shall see within it a great sandy baye anchor there in seven or eight fathom Eastsoutheast and southeast winds doe blow there right open in for all other winds you lye there landlockt 〈…〉 Foure leâ—gues to the westwards of Mounts-Baye lyeth the Lands-end of England and lyeth from the Lizard w. n. w. distant nine or ten leagues About a league s e. from the Lands-end and halfe a league without the land lyeth a suncken rock which at low water commeth even above water Thwart off that rock standeth a Church upon the land when you can but even see that over the high land then are you thwart of the foresayd rock to wit even as farre from the land as the rock but when the Church is hidden behinde the high Land that you cannot see it then are you nearer to the land then the rock or within the rock towards the Land and so you shall goe through betwixt it and the Land Upon the Lands-end of England lye two round hills when you get sight of them you shall see upon the highest a spâ—re tower comming somewhat nearer you shall see upon the outtermost end in the low land another spire Tower there by is the Lands-end reasonable well to bee knowne The ground is thereabouts whitish sand with red sand and mingled with shels From the Lands-end unto the C. of Cornewall or to the little Island Bresam lyeth the coast most north about 5 leagues Rocks â—n the Lands end At the Lands-end lye some rocks you may runne in within them as well to the northwards as to southwards come to anchor in 8 or 9 fathoÌ„ to come in there from the southwards it is narrowest tenne fathom deepe from the northwards it is best and broadest and eight and nine fathom deepe but on the left side close to the north poynt of the Lands-end lyeth a suncken rocke which you must avoyd when you sayle in there Silly Silly lyeth from the Lands-end westsouthwest distant eigâ—t leagues but from the Lizard west sixteen or seventeen leagâ—es Betweene the Lands-end and Silly lye the Seven-stones Seven stones west and west and by south foure leagues from the Lands-end and north east and by east and e. n. e. allmost 3 leagues from Silly that is a rane of rocks which come not above water but alwayes breaketh upon them Southsouthwest and southwest and by south 3 leagues from the Lands-end and 5 leagues cast from Silly lyeth also a sharpe rock called the Gulfe The Gulfe which commeth at halfe tyde above water and is round about indifferent cleane Fâ—r to sail â—nto Silly Silly is divided into divers Islands alongst the west side lyeth a great multitude of rocks men may goe in there through divers channels or sounds but the souther channell is the best About the middest of the entry of that sound or channell lyeth a suncken rock men mâ—y goe in on both sides of it but to the eastwâ—rds of it it is broadest and best For to sayle in there comming from the east you must runne alongst by the east land in eight or nine fathom and you shall so runne alongst to the eastwards of that foresayd suncken rock which lyeth against a sconce a little without the castle The markes to avoyd this Rock are two rocks which lye on the west side within the haven the one to wit the innermost is somewhat greater then the other If you bring them one in the other or the northermost a little to the eastwards of the southermost or the smallest so that you may even see through between them and sayl soo right in keeping them soo you shall so sayle farre enough to the eastwards of the Rock If you come from the southwards or the westwards and are bound into Silly then runne towards the east-land soo long untill you bring the two foresayd rocks within the haven one in the other or even through one another sayle then soo in and then you shall runne as before is sayd cleare of the foresayd suncken rock thwart of the sconce At the inner poynt of the Island at the east side of this southerne channell lyeth another suncken rock whereof men must take heed For to avoyd it you must run so long to the northwards upon the markes of the foresayd two rockes untill you may see the little Tower in the sandy Bay then goe to the eastwards unto the Bay anchor there in eight or nine fathom When you come neare Silly upon the south side you shall see a square Tower in the sandy bay or valley and to the westwards many little Islands and rocks The ground of Silly is somewhat stony with some red shels Of the Depths and many sorts of grounds before and in the channel betweene Silly Ushant and thereabouts Southwest and by south from the Seames Seames seven leagues it is deep 72 fathom the ground pale white course sand like small fretted little stones with little peeces of queenes shels with gray flat little stones and white glistering needles sayle from thence north and north and by east and then you shall fall well to passe with Ushant About two leagues southwest from the Seams it is deep 52 fathom the ground there is white yellow rough and somewhat longish sand with a little red small shelly sand with many gray crompeld things and some small with glistering poynts of needles If men did finde there 70 or 80 fathom they would judge it to be good channel ground Westsouthwest from the Seames Seames soo farre from the land as men may but even see the Sheets from the poop with cleare sight it is 54 fathom deep the ground is red yellow white and black peeces like parings of cheese and a little course red sand mingled with all West and by south eight or nine leagues from the Seames Seames is 65 fathom the ground is white yellow with a little red small shelly sand with some peeces of shels queens not very great with much white and yellow some thing long sand and small white things like poynts of needles like as men find in the channell Seven leagues southwest from Ushant Ushant or thereabouts that men may even see it from the poop having cleare sight in 70 fathom there the ground is white and yellow course sand with some peeces of queenes shells and some peeces of white thin shels with some gray flat ragged stones Southwest and by west from Ushant Ushant about 19 or 20 leagues in 78 or 80 fathom the ground is white
of the Touns it is very deepe men may sound about the Touns on the off side in foure fathom For to finde the Channell that lyeth into the westwardes off the Touns comming from the east or alongst by the Touns you must looke out for a little sandy Bay that lyeth on the west-side even within the north-poynt of the river under the high land bring it soo that you may see it open of the foresayd north-poynt and sayle in there upon untill you come by the land and then runne in alongst by it southwest untill you come right against Greencastle If you come from the west or the north you may boldly without feare runne alongst the shoare about the poynt upon your lead without comming neere the towne you may see any thing that might doe you hurt comming by Greencastle there may you anchor so that you may see Withcastle without the poynt of Green-castle there you may lye within the Towns sheltred for windes out of the sea Road in Loughfoyle For to sayle up from Green-Castle you must runne up alongst by the west shoare by your lead and shunne the little sandes that lye here and there alongst that side until you come past With-castle right against the three trees there is the ordinarie road Betwixt Green-castle and With-castle neerest unto Green-castle goeth a Creecke ot Slencke through the grounds unto the easterne shoare which is as deepe or deeper then the right fareway unto With-castle When men come off from Green-castle they must take good heed not to goe farre off from the westerne shoare lest they fall into that Creeke How men shall saile from the foresayd roade forth up unto the Towne Derry they may perceive or marke by the card From Lough-foile-haven unto the Islands Enesterhul Islands Enesterhull by some called Monsterhul the course is northwest foure or five leagues these are small black Islands or rockes not very high above water and lye a little off the northermost poynt of Ireland called Enistom a high plaine land and very good to knowe for him that hath once seen it Betwixt the Islands and the point men may saile through but not-without great danger for them that are not very well acpuainted with it because off much fowle ground and shoals that lye betwixt them both Under the foresayd poynt Eniston on the west side men may anchor for easterly windes or els to stoppe the tyde From the Islands Enesterhull unto Lough-Swilly Lough-Swilly of some called Locksillie the course is southwest 5 leagues that is a faire haven For to sayle in there men must shunne the west side and goe in alongst by the casterne shoare The land about Lough-Swilly is the highest land of the whole north coast of Ireland and thereby it is also very good to know for those that comming out off the north do fall with the lands there abouts Foure or five leagues westsouthwest or somwhat westerly lyeth a large broad haven called Sheepeshavē but it is at some places foule ground within it men may lye landlockt for al winds The west poynt lyeth out called Hornehead Horne-head or Cape de Horne Cape de Horne upon it is a hill with two hommockes in fashion like two hornes and there after the poynt is named At the west side of this poynt men may ride and anchor within the rockes for easterly windes Betwixt Lough-Swilly sheepshaven lyeth also a Bay where men may anchor but the ground is not very cleane and right against it in the offing halfe a league from the land lyeth a ledge of rockes which at high water are under and at low water lye above water may for need run through betwixt it and the land but without it is best and surest The Coast of Scotland The haven or sound of Loughrean Loughgrean or Loockreen in Scotland by the poinr of Galloway lieth distant from Faire Forland the n.e. poynt of Ireland e. s.e about eleven leagues but the poynt called Cantir lyeth distant from Loockreen n.w. s e 9 leagu there betwixt them both goeth up a great broad sound northeast in called Dunbritain Firth through which men saile up unto Glas kow in Scotland The sound of Lookreen you may sail in Dubritaine Firth and a good wayes you may turn in to and againe for to anchor there within for westerly winde if you doe come no neerer the Gores on either side then in foure fathom you can take no hurt You may anchor somewhat in by the second high poynt on the east shoare in tenne or 12 fathom About seven leagues to the northwards of the poynt of Galloway in the foresayd great sound lyeth a high sharpe Island cleane round about of fashion al most like unto a pook of Hay called Ailza or Elzee there you may boldly sayle round about Elze Island it is there round about it and close by it 18 fathom deepe From Elzee northwards sixe leagues lyeth also another little Island close by the east side of the great Island Arren called Lamblash or Lamb-Isle Lamb-Isle cleane also round about there you may sayle round about it and anchor under it for all winds in ten twelve or thirteene fathom to wit within it betwixt the Island the great Island of Arren North and by east and northnortheast two great leagues from Lamb-Isle lyeth an Island by the poynt of the maineland called Commer-Isle Commer-Jsle on the east side of it betwixt the Island and the maine land you may sayle through in to a faire bay Bay of Commer-Jsle where men are landlockt for all winds and from thence may sayle forth unto Dunbrittaine or into the river Glaskow The foresaid Island Commer-Isle lyeth from the Island Elzee about north by east For knowledge of this Island when men come off from Elzee or from the southwardes towardes this Island men shall see a great castle on the east side of the maine about a great league to the southwards of Commer-Isle and also a little castle a good wayes to the northwardes close upon the water side that standeth right to the southwardes of the Island Commers-Isle or the sound that lyeth there into the eastwards of it upon the same Island standeth alsoo a little castle close to the water side Runne in betwixt the Island and the maine land about northnortheast in and leave the Island a great cables length on the larboard side and the main land on the starboard side you must shun more because of a great ledge that lyeth off from it towardes the Island and somewhat more northerly Having gotten cleare of the end of this ledge runne then right towards the maine land into the bay or sound and anchor there in ten fathom right against a stone house with an ore hard thereby it shall be then a stearne your ship about 7 fathom deepe and there moore your ship well For to sayle out of the Sound of Commer-Isle towardes Glaskow
of Biscany wee find no running of streames but a southeast northwest moone maketh over all the coasts the highest water and within the Rivers a point lesse Of the Depths The land against the River off Burdeaux men may see from the poop in 30 fathom and the Tower off Cordan in 27 fathom Betwixt Arcason S. John de Luz men may see the land in 30 fathom when about Bayone they shall see Cabritton Bayone Bedert and S. John de Luz almost all flat Towers Being before Passage men may see also the point C. Figuer and S. Sebastians the land lieth in there with a great Bay About C. de Figuer lieth a high hill which at the southwest ende is very steepe and goeth very long slopeing down towards the north When men are before S. Sebastians 7 or 8 leagues without the land then it riseth somewhat long and at the west end steep and hollow but when men come close by the land then it is very high and steepe When men are 8 leagues without S. Sebastians then may they see the eastermost or gratest castle upon the high hill and alsoo the little Island to the westwards of it Courses Distances From Cordan to Arcason south 20 leagues From Arcason to Bayone south 16 or 17 leagues From the Tower Cordan to Cape de Pinas w. s.w some what southerly 75 leagues From Bayone to S. John de Luz s by w. 4 leagues From S. John de Luz to the Pignons of S. Anna s w and by west 2 leagues From S. John de Luz to S. Sebastians west 8 leagues From S. Sebastians to Gateria 8 leagues From Bayone to the Seames n. w. somewhat westerly 102 leagues From S. Sebastians to Bell-Isle n.n.w. somewhat northerly 75 leagues From S. Sebastians to the Seames northwest and by n. 102 leagues The courses distances of the places one from the other is declared in the description Heights The Tower of Cordaâ— lyeth in 45 degrees 36 minut Arcason in 44 degrees 40 minut Bayone lyeth in 43 degrees 46 minut How these Lands doe shew themselves at sea Thus sheweth the land about Arcason when it is from you eastsoutheast neare two miles Thus appeareth Arcason when it is northeast and by east about two miles Cabritton Bayone S. Iohn de Luz Fonteravia Passage S. Sebastiaens Thus sheweth the land about the bight of S. Iohn de Luz off from Cabritton untill past S. Sebastiaens Thus sheweth S. Sebastiaens when you get first sight of it being seven leagues off from it White downe Hill of S. Iohn de Luz Ianni Krooningbergh Bocon Cabritton Fonteravia C. Figuer The foresayd Jsland about the bight of S. Iohn de Luz from the northwards of Cabritton untill past Fonteravia sheweth thus as is demonstrated in these two figures when you are before the Barre of Bayone Hill of S. Iohn de Luz south 5 leagues Krooninbergh Fonteravia C. Figuer S. Sebastiaens When the Hill of S. Iohn de Luz is south from you five leagues then the land to the eastwards of it untill past S. Sebastiaens sheweth as is here above pourtrayed in these two figures the BB and CC belong one to the other S. Sebastiaens Thus sheweth the land about S. Sebastiaen when it is five leagues from you C. Figuer Passage S. Sebastiaens Passage and S. Sebastiaens being southsouthwest from you sheweth thus Kust Van Biscayen tusschen Orio ende rio de Sella Kust Van Biscayen tusschen Rio de Sella en t' Eylant van S. Cyprian The fourth Demonstration In which The Coast of Biscaye from Coninx reede to the Island S. Cypriaen are delineated From S. Sebastians to C. de Martinchaco the course is w.n.w. 13 leagues Betwixt them both lye the roades Gateria and Deva Gateria Gateria lyeth from S. Sebastians west and by north and w.n.w. distant 7. leagues being a faire round sand-bay where is good riding for westerly winds men lye there within the west poynt right before the Towne in faire sandy ground a north winde commeth right from the poynt This bay is commonly called Kings-haven Alongst the coast of Biscay betwixt S. John de Luz and Gateria is every where clean ground and good ankoring in 20 fathom From Gateria to Deva it is a league and halfe to the westwardes which is an off-water that commeth out of the high-land Two leagues to the westwardes lyeth the poynt of Cape Martinchaco About thirteene leagues westnorthwest from S. Sebastians lyeth the Cape de Martinchaco a little to the westwardes of it is a good tyde-haven wherein lyeth a little Towne about a league within the land upon a river which commeth out of the high land A little to the westwards of Cape de Martinchacol lyeth a great rock fast to the land and a little to the westwardes of the same another upon the poynt called Punte de Avillanes Southwest and by west from Martinchaco lyeth the haven of Barmea Barmea a faire great Bay the easter poynt is foule therefore men must give it a good birth and run in alongst by the west side when they are gotten in it is large enough there they may anchor where they will To the westwardes of Barmea lyeth also Placentia Placentia upon a little River the towne lyeth a little within the land There are all tyde-havens From Cape de Martinchaco to Bilbao where betwixt lye the foresaid havens of Barmea and Placentia it is s southwest southwest by south 6 leagues From Placentia to Bilboa it is two leagues westsouthwest and west and by south Bilbao lyeth upon a great river alongst which there commeth of much Iron it is a good haven but it lyeth not farre in by reason of the Barre which lyeth thwart over the haven where men must goe in with high water At the east poynt of Bilbao Bilbao shooteth of a riffe which men must avoyd there lye also some rockes under water It is a high steepe point and is white to see to Within the riffe that runneth off from the poynt men may anchor in seven and eight fathom betwixt the poynt and the Piere on the east side there the Pilots come off which bring up the shippes and there men lye land-lockt far a northwest winde From this foresayd poynt or road to the Barre or river mouth of Bilbao it is a league and halfe s by west which lyeth in by the west land there stand five or sixe houses upon the w. land when the two westermost houses come one in the other or when you may see through the two eastermost houses which stand within in the land then are you upon the Bar or shoale then goe in south and s by east right with the Castle Portugalletto and alongst close by the Castle and anchor a little within the Castle for a west winde But when you are before the Barre the Pilots come off and bring you to the Town When you lie without in the Bay then you may see Mount Anthony lie
the town against the high land and there standeth a great tree upon the high land bring the tree even to the northside or the cloister so that you may allmost see through betwixt them but not over the Cloyster keepe them so standing and sayle right in with them and so you shal not come to neer the rocks to take hurt of them you shal have upon the shoalest at low water neepe tydes 3 fathom at high water 22 foot or scarce 4 fathom When the Castle of Chipiona and the Church beginne to come one in the other then you come to the first rocks or shoals when the Church and Castle are right one over the other then they stand southsouthwest from you then you are upon the shoalest of all but when the Castle with the Church come againe one through the other then you get againe deeper water 3 fathom and a halfe and 4 fathom at low water with a neepe tyde sayle in alongst upon the foresayd markes of the cloyster and the tree but take good heed that you bring not the tree over the Quire at the south end off the cloyster for you should then come very close to the rockes rather bring the tree a little to the northwards of the cloyster for you can not lightly take hurt of the red sand-hils but you may borrow off them upon your lead in 3 and 4 fathom There stands also a mill to the eastwards of the towne take heed that you bring not that also over the round Cloyster that standeth a little to the eastward beneath at the towne but keep them a handspikes length asunder and then you sayl in the best deep But if the foresayd mill and that round Cloyster come one in the other when you sayle in then you shall without sayle come upon the rocks or shoals When you are within over the shoalest sayl then towards the strand of S. Lucas untill that you see altogether open into the river for to avoyd the riffe that shooteth off from the n.w. poynt of the river sayle on alongst by the shoare and anchor before the little Church with the crosses which stands below in the sand hills in 5 6 or 10 or 12 fathom so neere as you please Men may also turn our at this same channell with indifferent ships or barks but they must take good heed it is not there very broad For to saile alongst by Sipiona There goeth in also a channell by the land of Sipionen or Chipiona for to find it you shall sayle in within two cables lengths neer by the foresayd land untill that you be within the second shoale then you must edge somewhat off from the land untill you come upon the foresayd marks off the Cloyster and the great tree then you must run in alongst upon them as is before taught The river of S. Lucas is easy to know by the Rooduyn or red sand-hills which lye to the westwards of it From Sipione to Cales Males the course is s e 9 leag Cales Cales is knowne by the mountaine off Granade when that is eastnortheast and east and by north from you sayle then right in with it and you shall not sayle to fall right before Cales At the poynt off Sipona lye many rocks above water and betwixt the poynt of Sipiona Cales Foure leagues from Sipiona lyeth Rotta there shooteth off a great ledge of rocks from the poynt Hee that will goe into the bay of Cales For to saile into the bay off Cales let him run in right with the rockes which lye on the west-side of the Bay being called los Puercos Los Puercos and within two cables lengths in all alongst by them in 6 or 7 fathom untill he come before the town of Cales and anchor there so deep as he pleaseth in 8 10 12 or 15 fathom the faireway lyeth in most eastsoutheast and southeast and by east There lyeth a rock under water called the Diamant Diamant about n.n.e. and n. e. and by north from the Puercos a great half league When S. Katharins chappell upon the northland is e.n.e. from you then are you thwart of that rocke there is at halfe flood 3 fathom water upon it the marks off this rock are these Marks of the Diamant When Mary Church commeth over the north end of Cales that is a Cloyster which standeth without Cales there stands also a house upon the hill where men goe alongst by when they goe to Sheres when that house commeth over the chappell which standeth upon the water side to the westwards of porte Marie when these markes come together one in the other then you should sayle upon the foresayd rock there is upon the shoalest of it at high water 3 fathom and a halfe water upon it But set the two high hills which are to the southwards of the way of Sheres that they bee a little asunder and that they doe not come one in the other then you cannot sayl upon this rock The Puercos rock lye from the north-poynt off Cales about halfe a league He that lies before Cales in the road hath Puntall south from him or there abouts according as he lyeth neer to Cales But to the southwards of Cales lyeth a rock come not neerer that then in seven fathom The Bay of Cales is wyde and broad men lye there in 5 6 fathom the northwest wind commeth there open in If any man therefore would goe further in behind Puntall let him goe in southeast betwixt the poynt of Port Real Puntall and run up about the poynt of Puntall there men lye land-lockt for all windes there mē may lay theyr ships dry a ground for to make cleane He that will goe into the Creek must take a Pilot and run up into the water of Port Real leaving the little Island on the larboard side and then Herods Creeck shall open it selfe and there hee must sayle up keeping the middle of the channell till he come before the Saltheaps For to sayl from Cales to the Strait To sayle from Cales to the Strait men must goe away south and south and by east to the C. de Trafalgar and then they shall run far enough without the bancke or rocks which lye off s east from Cales From the point of S. Sebastian to Cape de Trefalgar which is the north poynt of the Strait on the west side it is s s east ten leagues About two leagues to the northwards of the Cape lyeth Conil there is a faire sand-bay where men may anchor in 12 13 and 14 fathom clean ground Hee that desireth to sayle into the Straite of Gibralter comming from Cales let him goe from the poynt of S. Sebastian which is the westermost poynt of the Island Cales south by east southsoutheast towards the Cape de Trafalgar untill he be a good wayes without the land for to avoyd the Spanish coast which is fowle there lyeth of west by
or Porteventura great Canaries Teneriffe Gomera Palma and Ferro The Island Lancerota lyeth from Cape S. Vincent southsouthwest distant about 165 leagues It hath one haven upon the northeast end betwixt the two Islands Alagranca and Gratiosa where men may come in from the northwards lye landlockt for all winds it is deep there 10 15 and 20 fathom and they may sayle out again to the southwards along by Lancerota At the east side of Lancerota is a good road before the Towne of Lancerota there lyeth a banck to the northwards of it which men must avoyd and run about to the southwards of it there they may anchor in 10 11 and 12 fathom on the same southeast side lye also two bad havens a great shot of a cast peece one from the other the northermost is called Porto de Naos the southermost Porto de Cavallos which we have demonstrated in a large volume in the northwest corner of this card shewed the depths with number of feet at high water spring-tide Porto de Naos the deepest of these bad-havens goeth in northwest and by north betwixt two ledges of rockes there stand two beacons of heapes of stones in manner as the warders of Norway which you must bring and keepe one in the other and sayle so right in through betwixt the two foresayd ledges of rockes The shoalest of the Barre betwixt the two ledges of rockes is but a short space a great shippes length long and is deepe at high watet 17 foot at low water seven foot so soone as you shall be over it will presently bee 20 24 26 28 foot deep then you must edge up n. and then presently northeast anchor behinde the rockes which lye to the northwards of the Barre in the Channell the ground is rocky hard uneven If a ship should come to strike there it should presently be broken The ledge is so without as it is within very steep soo that you may come very close unto it where the anchors stand marked it is altogether cleane sandy ground 30 34 foot deep at high water with a sea wind there can goe here a great sea but that happeneth seldome for the winds doe blow most out of the n. n.e. and therefore it is almost alwayes there smooth water This haven is very narrow betwixt the rockes which lye to seawards of you the shoare it is but a little more then a great cables length broad and from the havens mouth to the main land about a Cables length a halfe The Havens mouth also is not broad but at high water the rockes doe flow a good wayes on both sides under water which at low water againe are uncovered Betwixt Porto de Naos and Porto de Cavallos lye two little Islands the northermost is the greatest at high water men may goe through with boats within the Islands into Porto de Cavallos but not with ships for at low water it falleth dry there within Upon the southermost little Island standeth an old Castle fallen downe which heretofore hath beene spoyled by Englishmen From the south side of that little Island shooteth off a riffe to the southwards or the w. wards of it lyeth in the Barre which is very narrow not above ten fathom broad upon the maine land stand also two little beakons as at Porto de Naos which you must bring one in the other and saile so right in At high water and spring-tide there is no more then twelve foot water or an halfe foot more the ground in the havens mouth is also hard nothing else then rocks where you must goe in over but within it is cleane sandy ground where you may lye a ground without any danger with a shippe that draweth tenne or eleven foot water At the highest water the most part of the rockes on both sides of the Havens mouth lye under water so that at many places men may goe over them with boats At low water there remaineth in this Havens mouth no more then a foot or a foot and a halfe depth so that a shippes boat cannot goe in within men lye landlockt for all windes and although it blow very hard yet the water is alwayes smooth In both these havens a south and by west and north and by east moone maketh high water Neare the Havens there are no houses where Spaniards or Moores doe dwell then only by Porto de Cavallos a little Church where they have Masse sayd on Sundayes when shippes lie there Men go from thence betwixt the Mountaines to the town which lieth 3 leag from thence He that wil come here must provide himselfe with fresh water for there is very seldom fresh water to be gotten Upon this land there groweth neither fruit nor wine In some good years it giveth out Wheat Bally Orsilly the Inhabitants are Moore under the command of the King of Spaine Betwixt Lancerota and Forteventure lyeth a little lIsand called Isle de Lobos which is on the outer side to wit on the n. west side very foule Men may anchor on both sides of that Island in 15 or 20 fathom also in six fathom a shot of a cast peece southwest and by west from the west point off the Island there men may lye land-lockt for all windes except for a northnorthwest and southeast windes The coast of Forteventura is at the northeast end very foule with many riffes that lye out whereupon the sea doth break exceedingly The Island of great Canaries lieth from Forteventura west 19 or 20 leagues distant The road there lyeth at the east side of the Island behinde the n.e. point thwart off a Castle that standeth upon a Chindle The foresaid northeast point is a very high point with a long small and low sandstrand fast to the other land so that when it is five or sixe leagues northwest or southeâ—st from you it seemeth to be an Island asunder off from the other land If you desire to go in there into the road then saile about by that northeast point alongst by the Isolettes leaving them on the starboard side of you untill that the Castle do lie near about northwest and by north from you anchor there in eight nine ten or twelve fathom then lieth the north point northeast and by north and the south poynt southsoutheast from you At the south end of the great Canaries is a faire sand-bay called Maspalomba there is a good road for southerly windes fresh water to be gotten The north point of the great Canaries and the northeast point of Teneriffe called Punte de Nago lie westnorthwest and eastsoutheast distant 21 leagues In Teneriffe is a road on the southeast side before the town S. Cruz there is a faire sand-bay a little to the northwards of the town is the best road in 20 or 24 fathom and then Punte de Nago the northeast point of Teneriffe lieth northnortheast from you and the south point south and by west