those_o be_v render_v uneasy_a these_o must_v share_v in_o the_o calamity_n but_o even_o of_o this_o inferior_a sort_n no_o small_a proportion_n contribute_v large_o to_o excise_n as_o labourer_n and_o out-servant_n which_o likewise_o affect_v the_o common_a seaman_n who_o must_v thereupon_o raise_v their_o wage_n or_o they_o will_v not_o have_v wherewithal_o to_o keep_v their_o family_n leave_v at_o home_o and_o the_o high_a wage_n of_o seamen_n be_v another_o burden_n upon_o our_o foreign_a traffic_n as_o to_o the_o cottager_n who_o be_v above_o a_o five_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a people_n some_o duty_n reach_v even_o they_o as_o those_o upon_o malt_n leather_n and_o salt_n but_o not_o much_o because_o of_o their_o slender_a consumption_n but_o if_o the_o gentry_n upon_o who_o wood_n and_o glean_n they_o live_v and_o who_o employ_v they_o in_o day_n labour_n and_o if_o the_o manufacturer_n for_o who_o they_o card_n and_o spin_v be_v overburdened_a with_o duty_n they_o can_v afford_v to_o give_v they_o so_o much_o for_o their_o labour_n and_o handiwork_n nor_o to_o yield_v they_o those_o other_o relief_n which_o be_v their_o principal_a subsistence_n for_o want_v of_o which_o these_o miserable_a wretch_n must_v perish_v with_o cold_a and_o hunger_n thus_o we_o see_v excise_n either_o direct_o or_o indirect_o fall_v upon_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o people_n but_o we_o do_v not_o take_v notice_n of_o these_o matter_n as_o recee_v from_o our_o former_a opinion_n on_o the_o contrary_a we_o still_o think_v they_o the_o most_o easy_a and_o equal_a way_n of_o tax_v a_o nation_n and_o perhaps_o it_o be_v demonstrable_a that_o if_o we_o have_v fall_v into_o this_o method_n at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o war_n of_o raise_v the_o year_n expense_n within_o the_o year_n by_o excise_n england_n have_v not_o be_v now_o indebt_v so_o many_o million_o but_o what_o be_v adviseable_a under_o such_o a_o necessity_n and_o danger_n be_v not_o to_o be_v pursue_v in_o time_n of_o peace_n especial_o in_o a_o country_n depend_v so_o much_o upon_o trade_n and_o manufacture_n our_o study_n now_o aught_o to_o be_v how_o those_o debt_n may_v be_v speedy_o clear_v off_o for_o which_o these_o new_a revenue_n be_v the_o fond_n that_o trade_n may_v again_o move_v free_o as_o it_o do_v heretofore_o without_o such_o a_o heavy_a clog_n but_o this_o point_n we_o shall_v more_o ample_o handle_v when_o we_o come_v to_o speak_v of_o our_o payment_n to_o the_o public_a mr._n king_n divide_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o people_n into_o two_o principal_a class_n viz._n d._n increase_v the_o wealth_n of_o the_o kingdom_n 2,675,520_o head_n decrease_v the_o wealth_n of_o the_o kingdom_n 2,825,000_o head_n by_o which_o he_o mean_v that_o the_o first_o class_n of_o the_o people_n from_o land_n art_n and_o industry_n maintain_v themselves_o and_o add_v every_o year_n something_o to_o the_o nation_n be_v general_a stock_n and_o beside_o this_o out_o of_o their_o superfluity_n contribute_v every_o year_n so_o much_o to_o the_o maintenance_n of_o other_o that_o of_o the_o second_o class_n some_o partly_o maintain_v themselves_o by_o labour_n as_o the_o head_n of_o the_o cottage_n family_n but_o that_o the_o rest_n as_o most_o of_o the_o wife_n and_o child_n of_o these_o sick_a and_o impotent_a people_n idle_a beggar_n and_o vagrant_n be_v nourish_v at_o the_o cost_n of_o other_o and_o be_v a_o yearly_o burden_v to_o the_o public_a consume_v annul_o so_o much_o as_o will_v be_v otherwise_o add_v to_o the_o nation_n be_v general_a stock_n the_o body_n of_o man_n be_v without_o doubt_n the_o most_o valuable_a treasure_n of_o a_o country_n and_o in_o their_o sphere_n the_o ordinary_a people_n be_v as_o serviceable_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n as_o the_o rich_a if_o they_o be_v employ_v in_o honest_a labour_n and_o useful_a art_n and_o such_o be_v more_o in_o number_n do_v more_o contribute_v to_o increase_v the_o nation_n be_v wealth_n than_o the_o high_a rank_n but_o a_o country_n may_v be_v populous_a and_o yet_o poor_a as_o be_v the_o ancient_a gaul_n and_o scythian_n so_o that_o number_n unless_o they_o be_v well_o employ_v make_v the_o body_n politic_a big_a but_o unwieldy_a strong_a but_o unactive_a as_o to_o any_o use_v of_o good_a government_n they_o be_v a_o wrong_a opinion_n who_o think_v all_o mouth_n profit_v a_o country_n that_o consume_v its_o product_n and_o it_o may_v be_v more_o true_o affirm_v that_o he_o who_o do_v not_o some_o way_n serve_v the_o commonwealth_n either_o by_o be_v employ_v or_o by_o employ_v other_o be_v not_o only_o a_o useless_a but_o a_o hurtful_a member_n to_o it_o as_o it_o be_v charity_n and_o what_o we_o indeed_o owe_v to_o humane_a kind_a to_o make_v provision_n for_o the_o age_a the_o lame_a the_o sick_a blind_a and_o impotent_a so_o it_o be_v a_o justice_n we_o owe_v to_o the_o commonwealth_n not_o to_o suffer_v such_o as_o have_v health_n and_o who_o may_v maintain_v themselves_o to_o be_v drone_n and_o live_v upon_o the_o labour_n of_o other_o the_o bulk_n of_o such_o as_o be_v a_o burden_n to_o the_o public_a consist_v in_o the_o cottager_n and_o pauper_n beggar_n in_o great_a city_n and_o town_n and_o vagrant_n upon_o a_o survey_n of_o the_o hearth_n book_n make_v in_o michaelmas_n 1685._o it_o be_v find_v that_o of_o the_o 1,300,000_o house_n in_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n those_o of_o one_o chimney_n amount_v to_o 554,631_o but_o some_o of_o these_o have_a land_n about_o they_o in_o all_o our_o calculation_n we_o have_v compute_v the_o cottager_n but_o at_o 500,000_o family_n but_o of_o these_o a_o large_a number_n may_v get_v their_o own_o livelihood_n and_o be_v no_o charge_n to_o the_o parish_n for_o which_o reason_n mr._n king_n very_o judicious_o compute_v his_o cottager_n and_o pauper_n decrease_v the_o wealth_n of_o the_o nation_n but_o at_o 400,000_o family_n in_o which_o account_n he_o include_v the_o poor_a house_n in_o city_n town_n and_o village_n beside_o which_o he_o reckon_v 30,000_o vagrant_n and_o all_o these_o together_o to_o make_v up_o 1,330,000_o head_n this_o be_v a_o very_a great_a proportion_n of_o the_o people_n to_o be_v a_o burden_n upon_o the_o other_o part_n and_o be_v a_o weight_n upon_o the_o land-interest_n of_o which_o the_o land_a gentleman_n must_v certain_o be_v very_o sensible_a if_o this_o vast_a body_n of_o man_n instead_o of_o be_v expensive_a can_v be_v render_v beneficial_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n it_o be_v a_o work_v no_o doubt_n high_o to_o be_v promote_v by_o all_o who_o love_n their_o country_n it_o seem_v evident_a to_o such_o as_o have_v consider_v these_o matter_n and_o who_o have_v observe_v how_o they_o be_v order_v in_o nation_n under_o a_o good_a polity_n that_o the_o number_n of_o such_o who_o through_o age_n or_o impotence_n stand_v in_o real_a need_n of_o relief_n be_v but_o small_a and_o may_v be_v maintain_v for_o very_o little_a and_o that_o the_o poor_a rate_n be_v swell_v to_o the_o extravigant_a degree_n we_o now_o see_v they_o at_o by_o two_o sort_n of_o people_n one_o of_o which_o by_o reason_n of_o our_o slack_a administration_n be_v suffer_v to_o remain_v in_o sloth_n and_o the_o other_o through_o a_o defect_n in_o our_o constitution_n continue_v in_o wretched_a poverty_n for_o want_n of_o emplyment_n though_o willing_a enough_o to_o undertake_v it_o all_o this_o seem_v capable_a of_o a_o remedy_n the_o law_n may_v be_v arm_v against_o voluntary_a idleness_n so_o as_o to_o prevent_v it_o and_o a_o way_n may_v probable_o be_v find_v out_o to_o set_v those_o to_o work_v who_o be_v desirous_a to_o support_v themselves_o by_o their_o own_o labour_n and_o if_o this_o can_v be_v bring_v about_o it_o will_v not_o only_o put_v a_o stop_n to_o the_o course_n of_o that_o vice_n which_o be_v the_o consequence_n of_o a_o idle_a life_n but_o it_o will_v great_o tend_v to_o enrich_v the_o commonwealth_n for_o if_o the_o industry_n of_o not_o half_a the_o people_n maintain_v in_o some_o degree_n the_o other_o part_n and_o beside_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n do_v add_v every_o year_n near_o two_o million_o and_o a_o half_a to_o the_o general_a stock_n of_o england_n to_o what_o pitch_n of_o wealth_n and_o greatness_n may_v we_o not_o be_v bring_v if_o one_o limb_n be_v not_o suffer_v to_o draw_v away_o the_o nourishment_n of_o the_o other_o and_o if_o all_o the_o member_n of_o the_o body_n politic_a be_v render_v useful_a to_o it_o nature_n in_o her_o contrivance_n have_v make_v every_o part_n of_o a_o live_a creature_n either_o for_o ornament_n or_o use_n the_o same_o shall_v be_v in_o a_o politic_a institution_n right_o govern_v it_o may_v be_v lay_v down_o for_o a_o undeniable_a truth_n that_o where_o all_o work_n no_o body_n will_v want_v and_o to_o promote_v this_o will_v be_v a_o
such_o part_n as_o be_v find_v useful_a and_o to_o add_v such_o other_o restriction_n penalty_n and_o provision_n as_o may_v effectua_o attain_v the_o end_n of_o this_o great_a work_n the_o law_n hereunto_o relate_v be_v numerous_a but_o the_o judgement_n and_o opinion_n give_v upon_o they_o be_v so_o various_a and_o contradictory_n and_o differ_v so_o in_o sundry_a place_n as_o to_o be_v inconsistent_a with_o any_o one_o general_a scheme_n of_o management_n ten_o that_o proper_a person_n be_v appoint_v in_o every_o county_n to_o determine_v all_o matter_n and_o difference_n which_o may_v arise_v between_o the_o corporation_n and_o the_o respective_a parish_n to_o prevent_v any_o ill_a usage_n neglect_v or_o cruelty_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o make_v provision_n that_o the_o poor_a may_v tender_v their_o complaint_n to_o officer_n of_o the_o parish_n and_o that_o those_o officer_n have_v examine_v the_o same_o and_o not_o find_v redress_n may_v apply_v to_o person_n to_o be_v appoint_v in_o each_o county_n and_o each_o city_n for_o that_o purpose_n who_o may_v be_v call_v supervisor_n of_o the_o poor_a and_o may_v have_v allowance_n make_v they_o for_o their_o trouble_n and_o their_o business_n may_v be_v to_o examine_v the_o truth_n of_o such_o complaint_n and_o in_o case_n either_o the_o parish_n or_o corporation_n judge_v themselves_o aggrieve_v by_o the_o determination_n of_o the_o say_a supervisor_n provision_n may_v be_v make_v that_o a_o appeal_v lie_v to_o the_o quarter_n session_n eleven_o that_o the_o corporation_n be_v oblige_v to_o provide_v for_o all_o public_a beggar_n and_o to_o put_v the_o law_n in_o execution_n against_o public_a beggar_n and_o idle_a vagrant_a person_n such_o of_o the_o public_a beggar_n as_o can_v work_v must_v be_v employ_v the_o rest_n to_o be_v maintain_v as_o impotent_a poor_a but_o the_o law_n to_o be_v severe_o put_v in_o execution_n against_o those_o who_o shall_v ask_v any_o public_a alms._n this_o proposal_n which_o in_o most_o part_n of_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v very_o mature_o weigh_v may_v be_v a_o foundation_n for_o those_o to_o build_v upon_o who_o have_v a_o public_a spirit_n large_a enough_o to_o embrace_v such_o a_o noble_a undertake_n but_o the_o common_a obstruction_n to_o any_o thing_n of_o this_o nature_n be_v a_o malignant_a temper_n in_o some_o who_o will_v not_o let_v a_o public_a work_n go_v on_o if_o private_a person_n be_v to_o be_v gainer_n by_o it_o when_o they_o be_v to_o get_v themselves_o they_o abandon_v all_o sense_n of_o virtue_n but_o be_v clothe_v in_o her_o white_a robe_n when_o they_o smell_v profit_n come_v to_o another_o mask_v themselves_o with_o a_o false_a zeal_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n where_o their_o own_o turn_n be_v not_o to_o be_v serve_v it_o be_v better_a indeed_o that_o man_n will_v serve_v their_o country_n for_o the_o praise_n and_o honour_n that_o follow_v good_a action_n but_o this_o be_v not_o to_o be_v expect_v in_o a_o nation_n at_o least_o lean_v towards_o corruption_n and_o in_o such_o a_o age_n it_o be_v as_o much_o as_o we_o can_v hope_v for_o if_o the_o prospect_n of_o some_o honest_a gain_n invite_v people_n to_o do_v the_o public_a faithful_a service_n for_o which_o reason_n in_o any_o undertake_n where_o it_o can_v be_v make_v apparent_a that_o a_o great_a benefit_n will_v accrue_v to_o the_o commonwealth_n in_o general_n we_o ought_v not_o to_o have_v a_o evil_a eye_n upon_o what_o fair_a advantage_n particular_a man_n may_v thereby_o expect_v to_o reap_v still_o take_v care_n to_o keep_v their_o appetite_n of_o get_v within_o moderate_a bound_n lay_v all_o just_a and_o reasonable_a restraint_n upon_o it_o and_o make_v due_a provision_n that_o they_o may_v not_o wrong_v or_o oppress_v their_o fellow_n subject_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v deny_v but_o that_o if_o few_o hand_n be_v suffer_v to_o remain_v idle_a and_o if_o the_o poor_a have_v full_a employment_n it_o will_v great_o tend_v to_o the_o common_a welfare_n and_o contribute_v much_o towards_o add_v every_o year_n to_o the_o general_a stock_n of_o england_n among_o the_o method_n that_o we_o have_v here_o propose_v of_o employ_v the_o poor_a and_o make_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o people_n useful_a to_o the_o public_a we_o think_v it_o our_o duty_n to_o mind_v those_o who_o consider_v the_o common_a welfare_n of_o look_v with_o a_o compassionate_a eye_n into_o the_o prison_n of_o this_o kingdom_n where_o many_o thousand_o consume_v their_o time_n in_o vice_n and_o idleness_n waste_v the_o remainder_n of_o their_o fortune_n or_o lavish_v the_o substance_n of_o their_o creditor_n eat_v bread_n and_o do_v no_o work_n which_o be_v contrary_a to_o good_a order_n and_o pernicious_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n we_o can_v therefore_o but_o recommend_v the_o thought_n of_o some_o good_a bill_n that_o may_v effectual_o put_v a_o end_n to_o this_o mischief_n so_o scandalous_a in_o a_o trade_n country_n which_o shall_v let_v no_o hand_n remain_v useless_a it_o be_v not_o all_o difficult_a to_o contrive_v such_o a_o bill_n as_o may_v relieve_v and_o release_v the_o debtor_n and_o yet_o preserve_v to_o his_o creditor_n all_o their_o fair_a just_a and_o honest_a right_n and_o interest_n and_o have_v in_o this_o matter_n endeavour_v to_o show_v that_o to_o preserve_v and_o increase_v the_o people_n and_o to_o make_v their_o number_n useful_a be_v method_n conduce_v to_o make_v we_o gainer_n in_o the_o balance_n of_o trade_n we_o shall_v proceed_v to_o handle_v the_o second_o head_n sect_n iii_o of_o the_o land_n of_o england_n and_o its_o product_n in_o treat_v of_o this_o matter_n we_o shall_v again_o produce_v one_o of_o mr._n king_n scheme_n which_o be_v all_o of_o they_o so_o accurate_o do_v that_o we_o may_v venture_v to_o say_v they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v controvert_v in_o any_o point_n so_o material_a as_o to_o destroy_v the_o foundation_n of_o those_o reason_n which_o the_o writer_n of_o these_o paper_n or_o any_o other_o person_n shall_v form_v upon_o they_o he_o compute_v that_o england_n and_o wales_n contain_v 39_o million_o of_o acre_n according_a to_o the_o follow_a scheme_n vide_fw-la scheme_n e._n scheme_n e._n  _fw-fr acre_n value_n per_fw-la acre_n rent_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr l._n s._n d._n l._n arable_a land_n 9,000,000_o 0_o 5_o 6_o 2,480,000_o pasture_n and_o meadow_n 12,000,000_o 0_o 8_o 8_o 5,200,000_o wood_n and_o coppice_n 3,000,000_o 0_o 5_o 0_o 750,000_o forest_n park_n and_o commons_o 3,000,000_o 0_o 3_o 8_o 570,000_o heath_n moor_n mountain_n and_o barren_a land_n 10,000,000_o 0_o 1_o 0_o 500,000_o house_n and_o homestead_n garden_n and_o orchard_n church_n and_o churchyard_n 1,000,000_o the_o land_n 450,000_o the_o building_n 2,000,000_o river_n lake_n meers_n and_o pond_n 500,000_o 0_o 2_o 0_o 50,000_o road_n way_n and_o waste_a land_n 500,000_o 0_o 0_o 0_o  _fw-fr in_o all_o 39,000,000_o about_o 6_o 2_o 12,000,000_o  _fw-fr true_a yearly_o value_v value_v as_o rate_v to_o the_o 4_n tax_n produce_v of_o the_o 4_n tax_n  _fw-fr l._n l._n l._n so_o the_o yearly_a rent_n or_o value_v of_o the_o land_n be_v 10,000,000_o 6,500,000_o 1,300,000_o the_o house_n and_o building_n 2,000,000_o 1,500,000_o 300,000_o all_o other_o hereditament_n 1,000,000_o 500,000_o 100,000_o personal_a estate_n such_o as_o have_v be_v reach_v in_o the_o 4_o s._n aid_n 1,000,000_o 550,000_o 100,000_o in_o all_o 14,000,000_o 9,050,000_o 1,800,000_o so_o that_o whereas_o the_o tax_n of_o 4_o s._n per_fw-la pound_n one_o aid_n with_o another_o have_v produce_v but_o 1,800,000_o it_o shall_v produce_v if_o due_o assess_v 2,800,000_o place_n this_o scheme_n p._n 70._o scheme_n f._n the_o produce_v of_o the_o arable_a land_n he_o thus_o estimate_n in_o a_o year_n of_o moderate_a plenty_n  _fw-fr bushel_n per_fw-la bushel_n value_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr s._n d._n  _fw-fr wheat_n 14,000,000_o at_o 3_o 6_o 2,450,000_o rye_n 10,000,000_o at_o 2_o 6_o 1,250,000_o barley_n 27,000,000_o at_o 2_o 0_o 2,700,000_o oat_n 16,000,000_o at_o 1_o 6_o 1,200,000_o pease_n 7,000,000_o at_o 2_o 6_o 857,000_o bean_n 4,000,000_o at_o 2_o 6_o 500,000_o vetch_n 1,000,000_o at_o 2_o 0_o 100,000_o in_o all_o 79,000,000_o at_o 2_o 3_o 4_o 7_o 5_o 9_o 9,075,000_o this_o be_v only_o the_o neat_n produce_v exclusive_a of_o the_o seed_n corn_n which_o in_o some_o sort_n of_o grain_n be_v near_o 1_o 5_o of_o the_o produce_v and_o in_o other_o 1_o 8_o may_v in_o general_n be_v reckon_v about_o 11_o million_o of_o bushel_n more_o which_o make_v the_o whole_a produce_v to_o be_v 90_o million_o of_o bushel_n which_o at_o 2_o s._n 3_o 4_o 7_o 5_o 9_o d._n per_fw-la bushel_n in_o common_a be_v about_o 10,338,600_o l._n note_v that_o this_o value_n be_v what_o the_o same_o be_v worth_a upon_o the_o spot_n where_o the_o corn_n grow_v but_o this_o value_n be_v increase_v by_o the_o carriage_n to_o the_o