they_o above_o other_o nation_n but_o since_o they_o break_v out_o like_o a_o inundation_n and_o with_o a_o draw_a sword_n declare_v prodigious_a principle_n of_o enmity_n against_o the_o right_n and_o liberty_n of_o england_n it_o be_v presume_v a_o thing_n unquestionable_a that_o due_a defence_n ought_v to_o be_v make_v till_o they_o be_v reduce_v within_o their_o ancient_a limit_n for_o if_o they_o shall_v be_v permit_v in_o the_o least_o to_o lord_n it_o at_o sea_n as_o they_o want_v not_o will_n and_o advantage_n and_o have_v give_v you_o experience_n of_o their_o encroach_a and_o ambitious_a temper_n so_o it_o be_v to_o be_v fear_v they_o will_v be_v ever_o seek_v opportunity_n to_o impose_v a_o lord_n upon_o you_o by_o land_n may_v you_o go_v on_o therefore_o right_a honourable_a as_o you_o have_v begin_v and_o do_v and_o the_o god_n of_o heaven_n go_v along_o with_o the_o you_o upon_o term_n of_o honour_n &_o justice_n in_o such_o a_o way_n that_o man_n may_v understand_v as_o you_o will_v do_v no_o wrong_n at_o what_o rate_n they_o must_v offend_v you_o not_o only_o our_o eye_n but_o the_o eye_n of_o all_o the_o world_n be_v fix_v upon_o the_o carriage_n and_o conduct_n of_o this_o noble_a enterprise_n by_o sea_n when_o you_o have_v acquit_v your_o selus_fw-la there_o as_o not_o doubt_v you_o will_v do_v have_v already_o give_v the_o same_o demonstration_n of_o wisdom_n and_o courage_n that_o you_o have_v do_v by_o land_n your_o war_n through_o god_n blessing_n will_v at_o once_o be_v end_v it_o will_v draw_v such_o a_o reverence_n &_o repute_v to_o your_o affair_n that_o man_n will_v beware_v how_o they_o provoke_v you_o and_o your_o worst_a enemy_n despair_v of_o any_o future_a opportunity_n the_o late_a engagement_n &_o success_n of_o your_o fleet_n at_o sea_n have_v show_v that_o the_o great_a god_n have_v own_v you_o there_o that_o he_o have_v not_o leave_v you_o destitute_a of_o mean_n that_o the_o old_a english_a blood_n &_o since_o of_o honour_n run_v still_o in_o the_o vein_n of_o your_o seaman_n and_o thereby_o give_v you_o to_o understand_v that_o he_o who_o have_v appear_v so_o glorious_o for_o you_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o wondrous_a difficulty_n by_o land_n will_v also_o manifest_v his_o wonder_n in_o the_o deep_a to_o make_v a_o final_a accomplishment_n of_o the_o good_a work_n by_o sea_n and_o be_v himself_o alone_o invest_v with_o the_o absolute_a sovereignty_n of_o sea_n &_o land_n be_v please_v to_o continue_v you_o and_o your_o successor_n his_o lieutenant_n in_o both_o for_o the_o establishment_n of_o this_o commonwealth_n in_o a_o plenary_a possession_n of_o its_o right_n and_o liberty_n to_o all_o posterity_n i_o be_o in_o my_o prayer_n and_o endeavour_n right_a honourable_a your_o honour_n be_v most_o humble_a and_o faithful_a servant_n marchamont_n nedham_n november_n 19_o 1652._o the_o author_n preface_n some_o thing_n there_o be_v that_o i_o think_v fit_a here_o to_o forewarn_v the_o reader_n part_v whereof_o may_v be_v necessary_a even_o for_o those_o who_o be_v in_o other_o thing_n very_o well_o instruct_v the_o rest_n likewise_o not_o unprofitable_a for_o they_o who_o while_o they_o salute_v book_n by_o the_o way_n be_v wont_a through_o a_o customary_a vice_n of_o temeritie_n to_o stumble_v in_o the_o very_a threshold_n those_o thing_n concern_v either_o the_o place_n of_o such_o testimony_n as_o be_v allege_v or_o some_o circumstance_n of_o the_o sea-dominion_n which_o be_v prove_v or_o the_o title_n of_o the_o work_n among_o testimony_n beside_o such_o as_o be_v in_o print_n and_o manuscript_n reserve_v in_o private_a man_n library_n there_o be_v not_o a_o few_o especial_o in_o the_o second_o book_n bring_v out_o of_o record_n or_o public_a monument_n who_o credit_n i_o suppose_v every_o indifferent_a judge_n of_o matter_n will_v as_o once_o the_o probationibus_fw-la senate_n of_o rome_n do_v allow_v better_o than_o other_o witness_n at_o least_o if_o there_o be_v any_o difference_n and_o therefore_o full_a those_o which_o lie_v in_o private_a man_n library_n you_o will_v find_v where_o they_o be_v keep_v in_o the_o margin_n if_o omit_v there_o they_o be_v in_o my_o own_o but_o as_o to_o the_o testimony_n take_v often_o out_o of_o public_a record_n some_o likewise_o have_v the_o place_n either_o of_o the_o archive_n or_o roll_n or_o the_o name_n of_o the_o record-keeper_n office_n so_o note_v in_o the_o margin_n that_o thereby_o you_o may_v know_v immediate_o where_o to_o find_v they_o but_o some_o of_o these_o record_n that_o be_v very_o frequent_o cite_v have_v no_o place_n at_o all_o nor_o any_o name_n of_o the_o record-keeper_n express_v but_o the_o king_n for_o the_o most_o part_n and_o the_o year_n beside_o the_o name_n of_o the_o court-roll_n be_v only_o note_v as_o many_o as_o be_v of_o this_o kind_n do_v relate_v some_o to_o those_o year_n that_o pass_v betwixt_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n john_n and_o the_o end_n of_o edward_n the_o four_o other_o to_o those_o year_n that_o succeed_v down_o to_o our_o time_n they_o which_o be_v of_o the_o former_a sort_n have_v no_o place_n nor_o name_n of_o the_o record-keeper_n note_v be_v keep_v in_o the_o archive_n of_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n but_o those_o of_o the_o latter_a sort_n in_o the_o chapel_n of_o the_o roll_n it_o have_v be_v too_o slight_a a_o matter_n to_o have_v signify_v thus_o much_o here_o to_o such_o as_o be_v acquaint_v with_o our_o english_a record_n because_o by_o the_o very_a name_n of_o the_o court-roll_n as_o rotulorum_fw-la patentium_fw-la rotulorum_fw-la clausorum_fw-la rotulorum_fw-la parlâ—mentariorum_n rotulorum_fw-la francia_fw-la vasconiae_fw-la alemanniae_fw-la and_o other_o of_o that_o kind_n which_o be_v record_n belong_v to_o the_o english_a chancery_n and_o by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o king_n the_o very_a place_n also_o of_o the_o record_n be_v sufficient_o know_v but_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o premise_v this_o in_o the_o first_o place_n as_o well_o for_o the_o sake_n of_o my_o own_o countryman_n who_o have_v be_v stranger_n to_o the_o roll_n as_o in_o the_o behalf_n of_o foreiner_n to_o the_o end_n that_o if_o either_o of_o they_o perhaps_o have_v a_o mind_n exact_o to_o consult_v the_o original_a of_o any_o testimony_n thence_o allege_v they_o may_v when_o the_o place_n be_v so_o describe_v the_o more_o convenient_o do_v it_o themselves_o at_o their_o own_o leisure_n if_o present_a or_o if_o absent_a obtain_v it_o by_o the_o assistance_n of_o friend_n for_o the_o record-keeper_n who_o have_v a_o special_a care_n to_o preserv_v they_o safe_o do_v usual_o give_v admittance_n at_o seasonable_a hour_n to_o all_o that_o plea_n to_o consult_v they_o and_o have_v they_o so_o place_v as_o 2._o justinian_n command_v concern_v the_o record_n of_o the_o empire_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o they_o may_v easy_o be_v find_v by_o they_o that_o search_n as_o to_o what_o concern_v the_o aforesaid_a circumstance_n of_o sea-dominion_n whereas_o there_o be_v two_o proposition_n here_o so_o far_o as_o the_o term_n may_v be_v bear_v in_o thing_n of_o a_o civil_a nature_n make_v evident_a the_o one_o that_o the_o sea_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o nation_n be_v not_o common_a to_o allman_n but_o capable_a of_o private_a dominion_n or_o propriety_n as_o well_o as_o the_o land_n the_o other_o that_o the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n be_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n flow_v about_o as_o a_o inseparable_a and_o perpetual_a appendant_a of_o the_o british_a empire_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v conceive_v that_o any_o other_o kind_a either_o of_o cause_n or_o effect_n of_o sea-dominion_n be_v here_o admit_v than_o such_o as_o have_v be_v of_o the_o dominion_n of_o a_o island_n continent_n port_n or_o any_o other_o territory_n whatsoëver_o or_o province_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v reckon_v in_o the_o royal_a patrimony_n of_o prince_n nor_o that_o a_o less_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n than_o of_o the_o land_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o law_n receive_v among_o nation_n about_o the_o acquire_n of_o dominion_n and_o of_o justice_n itself_o as_o from_o the_o cause_n nor_o that_o the_o effect_n thereof_o be_v any_o other_o than_o what_o be_v various_o subservient_fw-fr to_o compact_n agreement_n league_n and_o treaty_n constitution_n or_o prescription_n of_o servitude_n and_o other_o thing_n of_o that_o nature_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o effect_n of_o dominion_n by_o land_n and_o therefore_o 2._o he_o say_v well_o of_o old_a nunc_fw-la jam_fw-la cessit_fw-la pontus_n &_o omnes_fw-la patitur_fw-la leges_fw-la the_o seal_n now_o make_v appropriate_a and_o yield_n to_o all_o the_o law_n of_o state_n that_o be_v to_o say_v all_o which_o be_v admit_v in_o any_o other_o kind_n of_o territory_n according_a to_o the_o difference_n of_o thing_n person_n
form_n of_o donation_n and_o therefore_o that_o be_v very_o vain_a which_o be_v object_v by_o some_o 16._o that_o the_o earth_n be_v give_v to_o the_o child_n of_o man_n but_o that_o 5._o the_o sea_n belong_v only_o to_o god_n himself_o as_o if_o dominion_n not_o common_a indeed_o but_o only_o a_o common_a use_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v permit_v by_o the_o word_n of_o holy_a scripture_n and_o as_o if_o it_o be_v not_o say_v in_o like_a manner_n 4._o the_o earth_n be_v the_o lord_n and_o fullness_n thereof_o the_o top_n of_o the_o hill_n be_v his_o also_o who_o know_v not_o that_o such_o say_n as_o these_o can_v in_o any_o wise_a weaken_v the_o dominion_n of_o mankind_n for_o whatsoëver_o be_v acquire_v by_o man_n still_o god_n almighty_a as_o father_n of_o the_o univers_n rete_v his_o supreme_a dominion_n both_o over_o man_n as_o also_o all_o other_o thing_n which_o never_o be_v deny_v yet_o by_o any_o sober_a man_n but_o the_o controversy_n be_v about_o the_o dominion_n of_o man_n to_o wit_n that_o which_o comprehend'_v any_o enjoiment_n or_o propriety_n whatsoëver_o save_v still_o that_o right_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o god_n which_o can_v be_v diminish_v and_o the_o distinction_n about_o this_o matter_n be_v very_o ordinary_a in_o the_o school_n according_a to_o the_o first_o sort_n of_o dominion_n nothing_o whatsoëver_o much_o less_o may_v the_o sea_n belong_v unto_o man_n according_a to_o the_o second_o all_o thing_n indeed_o be_v or_o may_v be_v they_o which_o can_v be_v apprehend_v seize_v and_o possess_v and_o moreover_o that_o in_o the_o old_a testament_n express_v mention_n be_v make_v more_o than_o once_o of_o such_o a_o seizure_n possession_n or_o private_a dominion_n as_o this_o whereof_o we_o treat_v and_o that_o as_o of_o a_o thing_n lawful_o bring_v in_o use_n there_o we_o find_v that_o the_o man_n of_o tyre_n be_v lord_n and_o master_n of_o the_o phaenician_a and_o the_o egyptian_n of_o the_o alexandrian_a sea_n concern_v the_o phaenician_a say_v the_o prophet_n unto_o tyrus_n 16._o all_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o sea_n shall_v come_v down_o from_o their_o throne_n etc._n etc._n and_o they_o shall_v take_v up_o a_o lamentation_n for_o thou_o and_o say_v to_o thou_o how_o be_v thou_o destroy_v that_o be_v inhabit_v of_o seafaring_a man_n the_o renown_a city_n which_o waste_v strong_a in_o the_o sea_n here_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o tyrian_n at_o sea_n be_v plain_o set_v forth_o and_o in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n 4._o thy_o border_n be_v in_o the_o midst_n or_o heart_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o we_o read_v it_o in_o the_o hebrew_n and_o also_o in_o a_o arundelianâ_fw-la arabian_a manuscript_n which_o render_v it_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n for_o both_o the_o greek_a and_o vulgar_a translation_n differ_v there_o from_o the_o original_a it_o follow_v we_o also_o thus_o 9_o all_o the_o ship_n of_o the_o sea_n with_o their_o mariner_n be_v thou_o to_o occupy_v thy_o merchandise_n in_o stead_n of_o which_o last_o word_n these_o be_v put_v in_o the_o greek_a copy_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d even_o westward_o of_o the_o west_n or_o through_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o main_a or_o western_a sea_n that_o be_v the_o phaenician_a or_o syrian_a again_o 2._o because_o thy_o heart_n be_v lift_v up_o and_o thou_o have_v say_v i_o be_o a_o god_n i_o sit_v in_o the_o seat_n of_o god_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o sea_n he_o threaten_v not_o the_o tyrian_a because_o he_o have_v get_v he_o a_o dominion_n over_o the_o neighbour_a sea_n but_o because_o be_v lift_v up_o with_o pride_n he_o have_v take_v unto_o himself_o the_o name_n of_o god_n the_o tyrian_a be_v call_v likewise_o in_o another_o scripture_n the_o 4._o sea_n itself_o and_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o concern_v the_o egyptian_a sea_n another_o prophet_n speak_v thus_o unto_o ninive_n be_v thou_o better_v then_o populous_a alexandria_n in_o the_o original_a the_o city_n be_v call_v no_o take_v here_o for_o alexandria_n which_o be_v situate_a among_o the_o river_n that_o have_v the_o water_n round_o about_o it_o who_o riches_n and_o strength_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o hebrew_n or_o as_o the_o greek_a render_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v who_o empire_n or_o dominion_n be_v the_o sea_n moreover_o it_o seem_v to_o make_v mention_n of_o king_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o well_o as_o of_o island_n 10._o the_o king_n of_o tarshish_n and_o of_o the_o isle_n shall_v bring_v present_n for_o tarshish_n or_o tharsis_n in_o hebrew_a signify_v the_o sea_n 2._o as_o it_o be_v often_o confess_v both_o by_o the_o greek_a and_o chaldee_n interpreter_n although_o munster_n a_o man_n otherwise_o very_o learned_a speak_v unadvised_o upon_o the_o forementioned_a place_n and_o will_v not_o have_v tharsis_n there_o to_o signify_v the_o sea_n because_o say_v he_o king_n have_v nothing_o to_o do_v at_o sea_n but_o rule_v only_o upon_o land_n forget_v what_o we_o have_v already_o tell_v you_o that_o express_a mention_n be_v make_v by_o ezechiel_n concern_v prince_n of_o the_o sea_n with_o which_o agree'_v also_o that_o say_n 25._o i_o will_v set_v his_o hand_n in_o the_o sea_n and_o his_o right_a hand_n in_o the_o flood_n upon_o which_o place_n aben-ezra_n note_n be_v that_o god_n almighty_a assign_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n there_o unto_o king_n david_n that_o he_o may_v rule_v over_o those_o that_o sail_v either_o through_o the_o sea_n or_o the_o river_n it_o be_v write_v thus_o likewise_o in_o the_o apocrypha_fw-la 4._o o_o you_o man_n do_v not_o man_n excel_v in_o strength_n that_o bear_v rule_n over_o sea_n and_o land_n and_o all_o thing_n in_o they_o but_o yet_o the_o king_n be_v more_o mighty_a for_o he_o be_v lord_n of_o all_o these_o thing_n and_o have_v dominion_n over_o they_o and_o in_o another_o place_n say_v the_o angel_n to_o esdras_n 7._o the_o sea_n be_v set_v in_o a_o wide_a place_n that_o it_o may_v be_v deep_a and_o great_a but_o put_v case_n the_o entrance_n be_v narrow_a and_o like_o a_o river_n who_o then_o can_v enter_v the_o sea_n to_o look_v upon_o it_o and_o have_v dominion_n over_o it_o iâ—_n he_o go_v not_o through_o the_o narrow_a the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o of_o the_o land_n be_v grant_v alike_o in_o both_o these_o place_n it_o be_v say_v also_o of_o king_n ahasuerus_n 1._o that_o he_o make_v not_o only_o the_o land_n but_o all_o the_o isle_n of_o the_o sea_n to_o become_v tributary_n which_o word_n true_o do_v clear_o show_v a_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o so_o they_o be_v express_v in_o the_o vulgar_a edition_n out_o of_o the_o hebrew_n original_a which_o be_v lose_v but_o the_o greek_a copy_n be_v more_o plain_a there_o 〈◊〉_d the_o king_n write_v to_o his_o kingdom_n of_o the_o land_n and_o sea_n nor_o must_v we_o omit_v that_o of_o moses_n when_o he_o bless_v the_o people_n 23._o and_o of_o naphtali_n he_o say_v naphtali_n shall_v enjoy_v abundance_n and_o be_v full_a with_o the_o blessing_n of_o the_o lord_n he_o shall_v possess_v or_o inherit_v the_o sea_n and_o the_o south_n as_o the_o â—â—lgar_a and_o the_o greek_a do_v render_v that_o place_n but_o by_o many_o other_o the_o sea_n be_v take_v there_o for_o the_o westquarter_n as_o it_o be_v often_o in_o the_o scripture_n yet_o true_o it_o be_v clear_v those_o word_n be_v mean_v of_o the_o sea_n of_o galilee_n or_o of_o the_o lake_n of_o tiberias_n not_o of_o the_o great_a or_o phaenician_a sea_n which_o lie_v westward_o because_o the_o land_n of_o naphtali_n be_v situate_a near_o that_o lake_n which_o also_o be_v often_o call_v the_o sea_n as_o it_o appear_v likewise_o out_o of_o onkelus_n his_o paraphrase_n where_o express_a mention_n be_v make_v of_o the_o sea_n of_o genesareth_n call_v also_o the_o lake_n of_o tiberias_n or_o the_o sea_n of_o chinnereth_n and_o by_o this_o name_n it_o pass_v with_o the_o salt_n sea_n or_o the_o lake_n of_o asphaltites_n in_o the_o 3_o sacred_a description_n of_o the_o eastern_a part_n of_o the_o holy_a land_n but_o the_o former_a place_n of_o deuteronomie_n be_v â—…usly_o render_v by_o rupert_n the_o abbot_n of_o tuitiuâ—_n 18._o maâ—e_n &_o meridiem_fw-la possidebit_fw-la for_o mare_n &_o meridiem_fw-la he_o shall_v possess_v the_o morning_n and_o the_o south_n for_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o south_n however_o it_o be_v clear_a i_o suppose_v out_o of_o the_o place_n allege_v such_o plain_a testimony_n be_v find_v in_o holy_a writ_n touch_v such_o a_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n that_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n it_o must_v be_v grant_v that_o according_a to_o the_o universal_a permissive_a law_n any_o man_n may_v acquire_v it_o as_o well_o as_o the_o land_n and_o true_o as_o for_o those_o place_n quote_v in_o the_o forego_n chapter_n concern_v the_o
sea_n from_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n deny_v a_o dominion_n and_o wrest_v other_o thing_n by_o way_n of_o argument_n out_o of_o the_o writer_n of_o the_o imperial_a law_n which_o be_v clear_o contrary_a to_o our_o english_a right_o as_o also_o to_o the_o intervenient_a law_n of_o nation_n which_o have_v continue_v in_o force_n for_o so_o many_o age_n about_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n either_o i_o say_v the_o same_o must_v be_v say_v of_o they_o or_o else_o that_o they_o do_v not_o so_o much_o make_v choice_n of_o argument_n which_o they_o think_v be_v true_a to_o serve_v the_o present_a occasion_n as_o of_o such_o that_o may_v seem_v to_o have_v the_o great_a force_n and_o authority_n among_o those_o civil_a lawyer_n with_o who_o they_o be_v in_o treaty_n nor_o be_v it_o a_o new_a thing_n that_o civilian_n shall_v speak_v of_o a_o natural_a and_o perpetual_a community_n of_o the_o sea_n even_o where_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o a_o dominion_n thereof_o be_v admit_v from_o all_o antiquity_n in_o the_o very_a territory_n wherein_o they_o themselves_o be_v comprehend_v as_o i_o have_v former_o declare_v there_o be_v also_o very_a many_o right_n among_o we_o belong_v either_o to_o the_o exchequer_n or_o to_o such_o as_o enjoy_v the_o right_n of_o the_o exchequer_n by_o grant_n from_o the_o king_n which_o some_o conceiv_n to_o be_v ground_v upon_o that_o sea-dominion_n whereof_o we_o discourse_n as_o the_o confiscation_n of_o good_n derelict_n in_o the_o sea_n and_o of_o some_o of_o the_o great_a sort_n of_o fish_n as_o wale-fish_n sturgeon_n and_o other_o and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n that_o of_o the_o satirist_n hold_v good_a 4._o quicquid_fw-la conspicuum_fw-la pulchrúmque_fw-la ex_fw-la aequore_fw-la toto_fw-la est_fw-la res_fw-la fisci_fw-la est_fw-la ubicunque_fw-la natat_fw-la good_n in_o the_o sea_n of_o any_o worth_n and_o note_n belong_v to_o th'chequer_n wheresoëre_fw-la they_o float_v beside_o wrecked_a good_n cast_v out_o ashore_o when_o no_o live_a creature_n belong_v to_o the_o ship_n remain_n alive_a but_o these_o thing_n do_v not_o only_o appertain_v to_o he_o that_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o sometime_o also_o to_o other_o in_o other_o nation_n and_o they_o for_o the_o most_o part_n depend_v either_o upon_o the_o law_n or_o custom_n of_o some_o land_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o good_n cast_v ashore_o or_o of_o such_o as_o be_v find_v and_o import_v or_o else_o upon_o a_o right_n over_o such_o person_n as_o shall_v first_o possess_v they_o as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o any_o good_n whatsoever_o derelict_n or_o find_v in_o the_o sea_n and_o other_o of_o that_o kind_n therefore_o i_o think_v it_o not_o meet_v to_o draw_v those_o thing_n here_o into_o controversy_n some_o ancient_a testimony_n of_o less_o account_n touch_v the_o sea-dominion_n whereof_o we_o treat_v chap._n xxv_o but_o his_o intent_n be_v earnest_o to_o persuade_v the_o english_a that_o it_o be_v their_o main_a interest_n diligent_o to_o guard_v the_o sea_n whereof_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v lord_n and_o to_o defend_v it_o with_o all_o their_o might_n as_o the_o perpetual_a prop_n and_o support_v of_o their_o empire_n he_o say_v also_o that_o the_o same_o advice_n be_v give_v by_o the_o emperor_n sigismond_n at_o his_o interview_n with_o our_o henry_n the_o five_o for_o the_o procure_n of_o on_o peace_n betwixt_o he_o and_o charles_n the_o six_o king_n of_o france_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o set_v down_o his_o word_n the_o true_a process_n of_o english_a policy_n of_o utterward_o to_o keep_v this_o region_n of_o our_o englond_n that_o no_o man_n may_v deny_v nor_o say_v of_o sooth_n but_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o best_a be_v this_o that_o who_o see_v south_n north_n east_n and_o west_n cherish_v merchandise_n keep_v the_o admiralty_n that_o we_o be_v master_n of_o the_o narrow_a see_n for_o sigismond_n the_o great_a emperor_n which_o yet_o reign_v when_o he_o be_v in_o this_o land_n with_o king_n henry_n the_o five_o prince_n of_o honour_n here_o much_o glory_n as_o he_o think_v he_o find_v a_o mighty_a land_n which_o have_v take_v in_o hand_n to_o war_n in_o france_n and_o make_v mortality_n and_o ever_o well_o keep_v round_o about_o the_o see_n and_o to_o the_o king_n thus_o he_o say_v my_o brother_n when_o he_o perceivae_v two_o town_n calys_n and_o dover_n of_o all_o your_o town_n to_o choose_v of_o one_o and_o other_o to_o keep_v the_o sea_n and_o soon_o to_o come_v over_o to_o be_v outward_o and_o your_o reign_n to_o recover_v keep_v these_o two_o town_n sure_a and_o your_o maâ—estie_n as_o your_o tweyne_a eye_n so_o keep_v the_o narrow_a see_n for_o if_o this_o see_v be_v keep_v in_o time_n of_o war_n who_o can_v here_o pass_v without_o danger_n and_o woâ—_n who_o can_v escape_v who_o may_v mischief_n differre_fw-la what_o marchandie_n may_v for_o by_o be_v ago_o for_o needs_o hem_n must_v take_v trewe_v every_o foe_n flanders_n and_o spain_n and_o other_o trust_v to_o i_o or_o else_o hinder_v all_o for_o this_o narrow_a see_n what_o be_v contain_v more_o at_o large_a in_o these_o rhythme_n you_o have_v the_o sens_fw-fr of_o it_o contract_v above_o in_o few_o word_n it_o be_v not_o worth_a while_n to_o render_v the_o word_n themselves_o the_o same_o versifier_n also_o proceed_v thus_o but_o king_n edward_n make_v a_o siege_n royal_a and_o win_v the_o town_n and_o in_o special_a the_o sea_n be_v keep_v and_o thereof_o he_o be_v lord_n thus_o make_v he_o coin_v noble_n come_v of_o record_n we_o have_v also_o divers_a other_o very_a large_a domestic_a testimony_n of_o this_o thing_n which_o be_v add_v in_o the_o next_o place_n be_v mingle_v together_o with_o the_o ancient_a recognition_n or_o acknowledgement_n of_o foreign_a nation_n concern_v the_o same_o that_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v acknowledge_v by_o foreiner_n who_o it_o most_o concern_v by_o their_o usual_a strike_n of_o sail_n according_a to_o ancient_a custom_n also_o concern_v two_o edict_n or_o ordinance_n that_o be_v set_v forth_o about_o this_o thing_n by_o the_o king_n of_o france_n chap._n xxvi_o we_o be_v come_v now_o to_o foreiner_n and_o it_o be_v clear_o evident_a by_o what_o we_o have_v discourse_v before_o either_o touch_v the_o limit_n set_v for_o navigation_n by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n or_o the_o licence_n of_o passage_n through_o this_o sea_n often_o desire_v by_o petition_n that_o some_o of_o they_o have_v indeed_o acknowledge_v this_o dominion_n but_o there_o be_v two_o testimony_n more_o notable_a than_o the_o rest_n which_o show_n if_o you_o consider_v chief_o as_o you_o ought_v their_o be_v neighbour_n and_o such_o who_o it_o concern_v that_o they_o general_o do_v the_o same_o the_o one_o be_v the_o usual_a strike_n of_o the_o topsail_n by_o every_o ship_n of_o any_o foreign_a nation_n whatsoêver_o if_o they_o sail_v near_o the_o king_n navy_n or_o any_o ship_n belong_v to_o the_o same_o navy_n in_o the_o sea_n the_o other_o be_v a_o libel_n publish_v of_o old_a or_o a_o bill_n of_o complaint_n institute_v wherein_o very_a many_o foreign_a nation_n heretofore_o in_o the_o time_n our_o edward_n the_o first_o do_v all_o together_o and_o by_o common_a consent_n with_o the_o english_a acknowledge_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n by_o sea_n whereto_o i_o shall_v add_v also_o a_o particular_a declaration_n of_o that_o kind_n make_v by_o the_o fleming_n in_o a_o embassy_n to_o our_o edward_n the_o second_o but_o that_o the_o strike_n of_o sail_n be_v do_v not_o only_o in_o honour_n of_o the_o english_a king_n but_o also_o in_o acknowledgement_n of_o his_o sovereignty_n and_o dominion_n in_o this_o sea_n be_v i_o suppose_v a_o thing_n out_o of_o question_n certain_o the_o french_a can_v doubt_v of_o it_o who_o by_o such_o a_o kind_n of_o strike_v will_v have_v have_v themselves_o heretofore_o acknowledge_v lord_n of_o our_o sea_n but_o in_o vain_a that_o be_v to_o say_v they_o be_v as_o much_o over-seen_a in_o the_o former_a age_n in_o set_v forth_o two_o edict_n or_o ordinance_n to_o require_v and_o ratify_v such_o a_o kind_n of_o strike_v sail_n to_o themselves_o by_o all_o foreiner_n as_o they_o be_v in_o so_o rash_o vindicate_v the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n concern_v those_o edict_n we_o speak_v before_o in_o the_o 18._o former_a book_n neither_o of_o which_o be_v receive_v as_o valid_a in_o any_o court_n of_o justice_n according_a to_o a_o decision_n make_v in_o the_o 1609._o supreme_a court_n of_o parliament_n which_o we_o have_v observe_v also_o in_o that_o place_n yea_o and_o here_o i_o shall_v set_v down_o the_o very_a word_n use_v by_o ludovicus_n servinus_fw-la advocate_n general_n to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n to_o magnify_v the_o authority_n of_o those_o edict_n or_o ordinance_n at_o
much_o of_o the_o same_o tenderness_n be_v express_v afterward_o by_o king_n james_n because_o as_o in_o the_o former_a reign_n so_o in_o he_o it_o be_v count_v reason_n of_o state_n to_o permit_v they_o to_o thrive_v but_o they_o turn_v that_o favourable_a permission_n into_o a_o licentious_a encroach_a beyond_o due_a limit_n put_v the_o king_n to_o a_o world_n of_o trouble_n and_o charge_n by_o ambassy_n and_o otherwise_o to_o assert_v his_o own_o interest_n and_o dispute_v they_o into_o a_o reasonable_a submission_n to_o those_o right_n which_o have_v be_v receive_v before_o as_o indisputable_a by_o all_o the_o world_n for_o the_o truth_n whereof_o i_o be_o bold_a to_o refer_v your_o honour_n to_o the_o memorial_n of_o several_a transaction_n in_o those_o day_n which_o i_o have_v add_v at_o the_o end_n of_o this_o book_n and_o for_o which_o i_o stand_v indebt_v as_o i_o be_o also_o for_o many_o other_o favour_n to_o a_o right_n honourable_a member_n of_o your_o own_o great_a assembly_n by_o the_o same_o also_o it_o will_v appear_v how_o this_o people_n perceive_v that_o king_n to_o be_v of_o a_o temper_n dispose_v to_o use_v no_o other_o argument_n but_o word_n hold_v he_o in_o play_n with_o word_n again_o and_o while_o they_o trifle_v out_o his_o reign_n in_o debate_n and_o treaty_n carry_v on_o their_o design_n still_o to_o such_o a_o height_n by_o a_o collusion_n of_o agency_n and_o ventilation_n to_o and_o again_o and_o a_o daily_a intrusion_n upon_o the_o territory_n by_o sea_n that_o in_o time_n they_o dare_v plead_v and_o print_v mare_fw-la liberum_fw-la and_o after_o his_o son_n charles_n come_v to_o the_o crown_n they_o in_o effect_n make_v it_o so_o for_o though_o he_o be_v not_o ignorant_a of_o his_o own_o right_n as_o appear_v by_o his_o esteem_n of_o this_o book_n his_o preparation_n and_o proclamation_n for_o restraint_n of_o fish_v without_o licence_n etc._n etc._n yet_o he_o never_o make_v any_o far_a use_n of_o they_o than_o to_o milk_n away_o the_o subject_n money_n under_o pretence_n of_o build_v ship_n to_o maintain_v his_o authority_n by_o sea_n which_o end_n of_o his_o be_v serve_v he_o immediate_o let_v fall_v the_o prosecution_n of_o what_o he_o pretend_v so_o that_o through_o the_o overmuch_o easiness_n and_o indulgence_n of_o precede_a prince_n they_o in_o a_o short_a time_n arrive_v to_o so_o lofty_a a_o presumption_n as_o to_o seem_v to_o forget_v and_o question_v and_o now_o at_o length_n by_o most_o perfidious_a act_n to_o defy_v the_o dominion_n of_o england_n over_o the_o sea_n these_o thing_n be_v consider_v it_o be_v suppose_v this_o translation_n it_o be_v a_o noble_a plea_n assert_v that_o dominion_n will_v be_v a_o very_a seasonable_a service_n which_o how_o poor_o soëver_o it_o be_v apparel_v in_o our_o english_a dress_n be_v bold_a to_o lay_v claim_n unto_o your_o honour_n as_o its_o proper_a patron_n conceive_v it_o ought_v to_o be_v no_o less_o under_o your_o protection_n than_o the_o sea_n itself_o and_o therefore_o let_v i_o have_v leave_v here_o without_o flattery_n or_o vanity_n to_o say_v though_o in_o other_o thing_n i_o may_v injure_v the_o eminent_a author_n yet_o in_o this_o he_o will_v be_v a_o gainer_n that_o his_o book_n be_v now_o fall_v under_o a_o more_o noble_a patronage_n in_o the_o tuition_n of_o such_o heroïck_a patriot_n who_o observe_v the_o error_n and_o defect_n of_o former_a ruler_n be_v resolve_v to_o see_v our_o sea-territorie_n as_o brave_o maintain_v by_o the_o sword_n as_o it_o be_v by_o his_o learned_a pen._n it_o be_v a_o gallant_a sight_n to_o see_v the_o sword_n and_o pen_n in_o victorious_a equipage_n together_o for_o this_o subdue'_v the_o soul_n of_o man_n by_o reason_n that_o only_o their_o body_n by_o force_n the_o pen_n it_o be_v which_o manifest'_v the_o right_n of_o thing_n and_o when_o that_o be_v once_o clear_v it_o give_v we_o spur_n to_o resolution_n because_o man_n be_v never_o raise_v to_o so_o high_a a_o pitch_n of_o action_n as_o when_o they_o be_v persuade_v that_o they_o engage_v in_o a_o righteous_a cause_n according_a to_o that_o old_a versicle_n frangit_fw-la &_o attollit_fw-la vires_fw-la in_o milite_fw-la causa_fw-la wherefore_o see_n you_o right_a honourable_a have_v have_v so_o frequent_a experience_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o in_o our_o late_a war_n wherein_o the_o pen_n militant_a have_v have_v as_o many_o sharp_a rencounter_n as_o the_o sword_n and_o bear_v away_o as_o many_o trophy_n from_o homebred_a enemy_n in_o prosecution_n of_o your_o most_o righteous_a cause_n by_o land_n certain_o you_o will_v yield_v it_o no_o less_o necessary_a for_o the_o instruction_n of_o this_o generous_a and_o ingenious_a people_n in_o vindicate_v your_o just_a right_n by_o sea_n against_o the_o vain_a pretence_n and_o project_n of_o encroach_a neighbour_n for_o what_o true_a english_a heart_n will_v not_o swell_v when_o it_o shall_v be_v make_v clear_a and_o evident_a as_o in_o this_o book_n that_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o sea_n flow_v about_o this_o island_n have_v in_o all_o time_n whereof_o there_o remain_n any_o write_a testimony_n both_o before_o the_o old_a roman_a invasion_n and_o since_o under_o every_o revolution_n down_o to_o the_o present_a age_n be_v hold_v and_o acknowledge_v by_o all_o the_o world_n as_o a_o inseparable_a appendant_a of_o the_o british_a empire_n and_o that_o by_o virtue_n thereof_o the_o king_n of_o england_n successive_o have_v have_v the_o sovereign_a guard_n of_o the_o sea_n that_o they_o have_v impose_v tax_n and_o tribute_n upon_o all_o ship_n pass_v and_o fish_v therein_o that_o they_o have_v obstruct_v and_o open_v the_o passage_n thereof_o to_o stranger_n at_o their_o own_o pleasure_n and_o do_v all_o other_o thing_n that_o may_v testify_v a_o absolute_a sea-dominion_n what_o english_a heart_n i_o say_v can_v consider_v these_o thing_n together_o with_o the_o late_a act_n of_o the_o netherlander_n set_v forth_o in_o your_o public_a declaration_n and_o not_o be_v inflame_v with_o a_o indignation_n answerable_a to_o their_o insolence_n that_o these_o people_n raise_v out_o of_o the_o dust_n at_o first_o into_o a_o state_n of_o liberty_n and_o at_o length_n to_o a_o high_a degree_n of_o power_n and_o felicity_n by_o the_o arm_n and_o benevolence_n of_o england_n or_o that_o they_o who_o in_o time_n past_a dare_v never_o enter_v our_o sea_n to_o touch_v a_o herring_n without_o licence_n first_o obtain_v by_o petition_n from_o the_o governor_n of_o scarborough-castle_n shall_v now_o presume_v to_o invade_v they_o with_o arm_a fleet_n and_o by_o a_o most_o unjust_a war_n bid_v defiance_n to_o the_o unite_a power_n of_o these_o three_o nation_n have_v they_o dare_v to_o do_v this_o in_o the_o day_n of_o our_o king_n i_o suppose_v they_o even_o the_o worst_a of_o they_o will_v have_v check_v and_o chastise_v they_o with_o a_o resolution_n suitable_a to_o their_o monstrous_a ingratitude_n for_o however_o some_o of_o they_o be_v whole_o busy_v in_o vex_v and_o undermine_v the_o people_n liberty_n at_o home_n yet_o they_o be_v all_o very_a jealous_a of_o the_o right_n and_o interest_n of_o the_o nation_n at_o sea_n and_o good_a reason_n they_o have_v for_o it_o since_o without_o the_o maintenance_n of_o a_o sovereignty_n there_o the_o island_n itself_o have_v be_v but_o a_o great_a prison_n and_o themselves_o and_o the_o native_n but_o so_o many_o captive_n and_o vassal_n to_o their_o neighbour_n round_o about_o not_o so_o much_o seclude_v as_o exclude_v from_o all_o the_o world_n beside_o upon_o this_o ground_n it_o be_v that_o king_n ever_o conceive_v and_o maintain_v themselves_o as_o much_o monarch_n by_o sea_n as_o by_o land_n and_o the_o same_o you_o will_v find_v here_o be_v receive_v by_o all_o other_o state_n and_o prince_n the_o land_n and_o water_n that_o surround_n it_n make_v one_o entire_a body_n and_o territorie_n moreover_o our_o own_o municipal_a constitution_n every_o where_o declare_v the_o same_o as_o may_v be_v see_v by_o the_o several_a precedent_n and_o proceed_n thereunto_o relate_v which_o manifest_o show_v that_o by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o land_n our_o king_n be_v proprietary_a lord_n of_o our_o sea_n that_o the_o sea_n of_o engl._n be_v ever_o under_o the_o legiance_n of_o our_o king_n and_o they_o sovereign_a conservator_n of_o the_o peace_n as_o well_o upon_o the_o sea_n as_o land_n now_o therefore_o right_a honourable_a when_o i_o look_v upon_o you_o and_o behold_v you_o more_o high_o entrust_v than_o king_n and_o far_o more_o noble_o adorn_v upon_o a_o better_a ground_n than_o they_o be_v with_o all_o the_o right_n interest_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o people_n when_o i_o consider_v how_o god_n have_v wrest_v the_o sword_n out_o of_o their_o hand_n and_o place_v it_o in_o you_o for_o our_o protection_n with_o the_o conservation_n of_o our_o peace_n and_o
divine_a natural_a or_o of_o nation_n any_o thing_n which_o may_v so_o oppose_v the_o private_a dominion_n thereof_o that_o it_o can_v be_v admit_v by_o every_o kind_n of_o law_n even_o the_o most_o approve_a and_o so_o that_o any_o kind_n of_o sea_n whatsoëver_o may_v by_o any_o sort_n of_o law_n whatsoëver_o be_v capable_a of_o private_a dominion_n which_o be_v the_o thing_n i_o intend_v to_o prove_v the_o end_n of_o the_o first_o book_n touch_v the_o dominion_n or_o ownership_n of_o the_o sea_n book_n ii_o the_o order_n or_o method_n of_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v to_o be_v handle_v in_o this_o book_n the_o british_a ocean_n divide_v into_o four_o part_n chap._n i._n have_v make_v it_o evident_a in_o the_o former_a book_n that_o the_o sea_n be_v capable_a of_o private_a dominion_n as_o well_o as_o the_o land_n and_o that_o by_o all_o kind_n of_o law_n whether_o we_o serious_o consider_v the_o divine_a or_o natural_a or_o any_o law_n of_o nation_n whatsoëver_o it_o remain_n next_o that_o we_o discourse_n touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o great_a britain_n in_o the_o sea_n encompass_v it_o about_o and_o of_o those_o large_a testimony_n whereby_o it_o be_v assert_v and_o maintain_v wherein_o this_o method_n be_v observe_v that_o in_o the_o first_o place_n we_o premise_v both_o the_o distribution_n and_o various_a appellation_n of_o the_o sea_n flow_v about_o it_o in_o order_n to_o the_o discourse_n then_o it_o shall_v be_v show_v from_o all_o antiquity_n down_o to_o our_o time_n without_o interruption_n that_o those_o who_o by_o reason_n of_o so_o frequent_a alteration_n of_o the_o state_n of_o affair_n have_v reign_v here_o whether_o britain_n roman_n saxon_n dane_n and_o norman_n and_o so_o the_o follow_a king_n each_o one_o according_a to_o the_o various_a latitude_n of_o his_o empire_n have_v enjoy_v the_o dominion_n of_o that_o sea_n by_o perpetual_a occupation_n that_o be_v to_o say_v by_o use_v and_o enjoy_v it_o as_o their_o own_o after_o a_o peculiar_a manner_n as_o a_o undoubted_a portion_n either_o of_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o british_a empire_n or_o of_o some_o part_n thereof_o according_a to_o the_o state_n and_o condition_n of_o such_o as_o have_v rule_v it_o or_o as_o a_o inseparable_a appendant_a of_o this_o land_n last_o that_o the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n have_v have_v a_o peculiar_a dominion_n or_o propriety_n over_o the_o sea_n flow_v about_o it_o as_o a_o bind_v not_o bound_v their_o empire_n but_o to_o borrow_v the_o term_n use_v by_o surveior_n of_o land_n as_o bound_v by_o it_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o over_o the_o island_n itself_o and_o the_o other_o neighbour_a isle_n which_o they_o possess_v about_o it_o the_o sea_n encompass_v great_a britain_n which_o in_o general_a we_o term_v the_o british_a sea_n be_v divide_v into_o four_o part_n according_a to_o the_o four_o quarter_n of_o the_o world_n on_o the_o west_n lie_v the_o vergivian_n sea_n which_o also_o take_v the_o name_n of_o the_o deucaledonian_n where_o it_o wash_v the_o coast_n of_o scotland_n and_o of_o this_o vergivian_n wherein_o ireland_n be_v situate_a the_o irish_a sea_n be_v reckon_v to_o be_v a_o part_n call_v in_o ancient_a time_n the_o britannia_fw-la scythian_a vale_n but_o now_o the_o channel_n of_o s_o t_o george_n so_o that_o as_o well_o that_o which_o wash_v the_o western_a coast_n of_o ireland_n as_o that_o which_o flowe'_v between_o great_a britain_n and_o ireland_n be_v to_o be_v call_v the_o british_a sea_n for_o not_o only_o this_o which_o of_o old_a be_v call_v great_a britain_n and_o sometime_o simple_o the_o aegyptiacà _fw-la great_a island_n but_o also_o the_o isle_n of_o ireland_n with_o the_o other_o adjacent_a isle_n be_v term_v britanniae_fw-la so_o that_o many_o time_n albion_n and_o ireland_n be_v equal_o call_v british_n isle_n and_o britannides_n as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o strabo_n ptolemy_n marcianus_n heracleötes_n pliny_n eustathius_n upon_o dionysius_n afer_n and_o other_o moreover_o ireland_n be_v call_v by_o ptolemy_n 2._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d little_a britain_n and_o say_v ethelward_o a_o ancient_a writer_n 4._o they_o go_v to_o ireland_n call_v heretofore_o britannides_n by_o the_o great_a julius_n caesar._n perhaps_o he_o have_v a_o more_o perfect_a copy_n of_o julius_n caesar_n book_n for_o in_o none_o of_o his_o commentary_n which_o we_o use_v be_v ireland_n call_v by_o that_o name_n and_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v by_o 7._o learned_a man_n that_o that_o book_n have_v be_v maim_v and_o alter_v by_o one_o julius_n celsus_n who_o name_n we_o find_v now_o and_o then_o in_o the_o manuscript_n copies_n towards_o the_o north_n this_o sea_n be_v name_v the_o northern_a caledonian_n and_o deucaledonian_n sea_n wherein_o lie_v scatter_v the_o orcades_n island_n thule_n and_o other_o which_o be_v call_v the_o british_a or_o albionian_a isle_n yea_o and_o 218._o britannides_n give_v name_n to_o the_o neighbour_a sea_n and_o indeed_o thule_n which_o some_o will_v have_v to_o be_v island_n other_o and_o that_o with_o most_o reason_n do_v conceiv_o it_o to_o be_v the_o big_a of_o the_o 850._o shetland_n or_o zetland_n isle_n call_v â—hilensel_n by_o the_o dimensione_n seaman_n and_o some_o there_o be_v again_o that_o think_v otherwise_o be_v of_o old_a not_o only_o term_v a_o british_a isle_n but_o also_o by_o some_o express_o place_v in_o britain_n itself_o mahumedes_n acharranides_n a_o arabian_a call_v likewise_o aracensis_n and_o albategnius_n a_o famous_a mathematician_n who_o live_v above_o nine_o hundred_o year_n ago_o say_v 6._o some_o observe_v the_o breadth_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o the_o equinoctial_a line_n towards_o the_o north_n have_v find_v it_o to_o be_v determine_v by_o the_o isle_n thule_n which_o be_v in_o britain_n where_o the_o long_a day_n be_v xx_o â—ours_n that_o be_v to_o say_v ptolemy_n and_o his_o â—ollowers_n who_o by_o draw_v a_o line_n on_o the_o northside_n of_o thule_n or_o the_o shetland_n isle_n through_o 63_o degree_n and_o a_o quarter_n of_o northern_a latitude_n have_v set_v it_o down_o for_o the_o utmost_a bind_v of_o the_o habitable_a world_n yea_o and_o some_o have_v use_v the_o name_n of_o thule_n for_o britain_n itself_o or_o england_n in_o time_n past_a the_o emperor_n of_o constantinople_n be_v wont_a to_o have_v trusty_a guard_n call_v barrangi_n constant_o attend_v his_o person_n who_o be_v take_v out_o of_o england_n as_o appear_v out_o of_o 2._o nicetas_n choniates_n and_o codinus_n also_o who_o be_v keeper_n of_o the_o palace_n constantinop_n write_v that_o they_o be_v wont_a to_o salute_v the_o emperor_n with_o a_o loud_a voice_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o english_a tongue_n but_o in_o the_o story_n of_o 2._o anna_n comnena_n the_o daughter_n of_o alexius_n it_o be_v say_v express_o that_o they_o come_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d from_o the_o island_n of_o thule_n in_o like_a manner_n all_o the_o island_n either_o know_v or_o hear_v of_o in_o this_o northern_a sea_n be_v at_o length_n call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o british_a the_o utmost_a bound_n whereof_o as_o also_o of_o thule_n itself_o some_o of_o the_o ancient_n will_v have_v to_o reach_v unto_o 67_o degree_n of_o latitude_n or_o thereabouts_o and_o albategnius_n speak_v of_o the_o sea_n as_o it_o look_n towards_o spain_n say_v 6._o there_o be_v xii_o british_a isle_n in_o it_o towards_o the_o north_n and_o beyond_o these_o it_o be_v not_o habitable_a and_o how_o far_o it_o stretch_v be_v unknown_a have_v make_v this_o preparation_n than_o we_o treat_v first_o concern_v the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o britain_n before_o they_o be_v reduce_v under_o the_o roman_a power_n next_o touch_v a_o dominion_n of_o that_o kind_n belong_v to_o the_o roman_n while_o they_o rule_v here_o continual_o and_o necessary_o accompany_v the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o island_n afterward_o it_o be_v make_v evident_a by_o such_o testimony_n as_o be_v find_v among_o the_o ancient_n that_o the_o english_a saxon_n and_o other_o who_o enjoy_v the_o supreme_a power_n in_o britain_n before_o the_o norman_n invasion_n have_v such_o a_o kind_n of_o dominion_n last_o according_a to_o the_o fourfold_a division_n of_o the_o british_a sea_n we_o set_v forth_o the_o ancient_a occupation_n together_o with_o the_o long_a and_o continue_a possession_n of_o every_o sea_n in_o particular_a since_o the_o norman_n time_n whereby_o the_o true_a and_o lawful_a dominion_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v the_o subject_n of_o our_o discourse_n may_v be_v draw_v down_o as_o it_o be_v by_o a_o twine_a thread_n until_o our_o own_o time_n moreover_o see_v both_o the_o northern_a and_o western_a ocean_n do_v stretch_v to_o a_o very_a great_a latitude_n this_o to_o america_n that_o not_o only_o to_o island_n and_o the_o shore_n of_o groenland_n but_o to_o part_n utter_o unknown_a and_o
also_o his_o seaman_n to_o keep_v all_o relief_n of_o victual_n from_o go_v to_o the_o enemy_n by_o sea_n he_o use_v the_o word_n pirate_n in_o this_o place_n as_o other_o of_o that_o age_n have_v do_v not_o for_o robber_n as_o it_o be_v common_o take_v but_o for_o such_o as_o be_v skilled_a in_o sea-affair_n be_v appoint_v to_o set_v upon_o the_o enemie_n fleet_n and_o defend_v the_o dominion_n by_o sea_n touch_v the_o derivation_n of_o the_o word_n the_o old_a scholiast_n upon_o sophocles_n his_o aiax_n say_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v pira_fw-la in_o the_o attic_a tongue_n signifie'_v craft_n or_o art_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o they_o be_v call_v pirate_n which_o infest_v the_o sea_n but_o when_o the_o english-saxons_a and_o dane_n in_o the_o time_n of_o k._n alfred_n be_v ever_o and_o anon_o struggle_v for_o the_o sovereignty_n in_o england_n for_o gurmundus_fw-la or_o guthrunus_fw-la king_n of_o the_o dane_n be_v at_o that_o time_n settle_v in_o northumberland_n as_o a_o fiduciarie_n client_n or_o vassal_n to_o alfred_n and_o have_v very_o large_a territory_n in_o the_o east-part_n of_o england_n their_o fight_v be_v most_o by_o sea_n as_o if_o they_o have_v both_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o he_o which_o can_v get_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o british_a sea_n will_v by_o necessary_a consequence_n become_v lord_n also_o of_o the_o land_n or_o of_o that_o part_n of_o the_o isle_n which_o lie_v before_o it_o for_o this_o cause_n also_o it_o be_v that_o the_o dane_n grow_v strong_a at_o sea_n k._n alfred_n mighty_o augment_v his_o naval_a force_n by_o build_v ship_n twice_o as_o long_o as_o the_o danish_a ship_n deep_a nimble_a and_o less_o rock_v or_o roll_v and_o so_o much_o more_o convenient_a for_o sea-fights_a florentius_n the_o monk_n say_v in_o the_o same_o year_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n mcccxcvii_o the_o force_n of_o the_o pagan_n reside_v in_o east-england_n and_o northumberland_n use_v piracie_n upon_o the_o seacoast_n do_v grievous_o infest_v the_o west-saxon's_a country_n with_o very_o long_a and_o nimble_a ship_n which_o they_o have_v build_v divers_a year_n before_o against_o who_o ship_n be_v build_v by_o the_o command_n of_o k._n alfred_n twice_o as_o long_o deep_a nimble_a and_o less_o wave_a or_o roll_v by_o who_o force_n he_o may_v subdue_v the_o aforesaid_a ship_n of_o the_o enemy_n it_o be_v relate_v also_o in_o the_o same_o word_n by_o roger_n hoveden_n but_o henry_n of_o huntingdon_n speak_v express_o of_o the_o number_n of_o oar_n that_o serve_v for_o the_o row_v of_o these_o ship_n of_o alfred_n say_v king_n alfred_n cause_v long_a ship_n to_o be_v make_v ready_a to_o wit_n of_o 40_o oar_n or_o more_o against_o the_o danish_a ship_n but_o there_o be_v 897._o chronicle_n write_v in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n that_o speak_v of_o ship_n of_o 60_o oar_n and_o large_a build_v by_o he_o at_o that_o time_n out_o of_o which_o these_o writer_n abovementioned_a and_o other_o of_o the_o like_a sort_n have_v compile_v they_o the_o word_n of_o the_o chronicle_n be_v these_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v to_o say_v king_n alfred_n give_v command_v for_o the_o build_n of_o long_a ship_n to_o encounter_v the_o danish_a but_o they_o be_v twice_o as_o long_o as_o these_o whereof_o some_o have_v sixty_o oar_n some_o more_o they_o be_v also_o more_o nimble_a less_o roll_a and_o deep_a than_o the_o other_o not_o build_v after_o the_o frisian_a or_o danish_a manner_n but_o such_o as_o he_o conceive_v most_o convenient_a for_o fight_v so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o the_o business_n of_o ship_v be_v mighty_o advance_v in_o his_o reign_n among_o the_o english-saxons_a in_o order_n to_o the_o defence_n and_o maintenance_n of_o their_o dominion_n by_o sea_n and_o we_o very_o often_o find_v that_o those_o sea_n fight_v manage_v by_o alfred_n and_o his_o son_n edward_n with_o various_a success_n against_o the_o dane_n and_o norman_n be_v undertake_v not_o without_o great_a number_n of_o ship_n but_o in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n athelstan_n who_o be_v very_o strong_a at_o sea_n upon_o the_o irish_a nation_n say_v 5._o huntingdon_n and_o those_o that_o dwell_v in_o ship_n there_o fall_v a_o fatal_a destruction_n the_o english-saxon_a word_n in_o the_o ancient_a chronicle_n from_o whence_o huntingdon_n translate_v those_o and_o which_o agree_v with_o the_o these_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o full_o signify_v the_o same_o thing_n for_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o the_o scotish_n nation_n and_o scot_n be_v by_o the_o ancient_n often_o take_v for_o the_o irish._n he_o also_o say_v the_o same_o author_n lead_v a_o huge_a army_n by_o land_n and_o sea_n into_o northumberland_n and_o scotland_n and_o in_o regard_n there_o be_v none_o appear_v to_o make_v any_o opposition_n be_v march_v up_o and_o down_o the_o country_n and_o waste_v it_o at_o pleasure_n return_v with_o triumph_n whereupon_o say_v a_o 6._o poet_n of_o that_o time_n jam_fw-la cubat_fw-la in_o terris_fw-la fera_fw-fr barbary_n aquilonis_fw-la jam_fw-la iaceo_fw-la in_o campo_fw-it pelago_fw-la pirata_fw-la relicto_fw-la illicitas_fw-la toruásque_fw-la minas_fw-la analavus_n anhelans_fw-la now_o be_v the_o wild_a and_o barbarous_a north_n bring_v down_o now_o analave_n the_o pirate_n be_v overthrow_v who_o have_v leave_v the_o sea_n on_o land_n do_v lie_v and_o spiteful_a threat_n breath_n out_n against_o the_o sky_n this_o analavus_n be_v king_n of_o the_o 938._o irish_a and_o of_o many_o island_n who_o invade_v the_o coast_n of_o athelstan_n with_o a_o fleet_n of_o dcxv_o ship_n at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n humber_n receive_v a_o great_a overthrow_n and_o be_v put_v to_o a_o most_o shameful_a flight_n but_o king_n edgar_n as_o say_v 937._o florentius_n of_o worcester_n sail_v about_o the_o north_n of_o britain_n with_o a_o great_a navy_n arrive_v at_o chester_n where_o his_o eight_o petty_a king_n meet_v he_o as_o he_o have_v give_v order_n who_o swear_v fealty_n to_o he_o and_o that_o they_o will_v assist_v he_o both_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n or_o as_o 5._o huntingdon_n say_v of_o the_o same_o thing_n they_o all_o do_v homage_n to_o he_o declare_v themselves_o ready_a at_o his_o command_n to_o serve_v he_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n among_o these_o petty_a king_n there_o be_v one_o maccusius_fw-la who_o hoveden_n and_o florentius_n call_v a_o king_n of_o very_a many_o island_n and_o florilegus_n a_o king_n of_o man_n and_o very_o many_o island_n william_n of_o malmsburie_n call_v he_o a_o arch_a pirate_n moreover_o the_o same_o king_n edgar_n as_o if_o he_o intend_v to_o set_v forth_o the_o splendour_n magnificence_n and_o as_o it_o be_v a_o epitome_n of_o his_o whole_a empire_n in_o sea-affair_n and_o ship_n do_v as_o say_v florentius_n and_o hoveden_n during_o his_o abode_n at_o chester_n enter_v into_o a_o boat_n wherein_o he_o be_v row_v by_o those_o petty_a king_n himself_z holding_z the_o stern_a and_o steer_v it_o about_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi and_o be_v attend_v by_o all_o his_o duke_n and_o peer_n in_o such_o another_o vessel_n be_v sail_v from_o the_o palace_n to_o the_o monastery_n of_o s._n john_n baptist_n where_o a_o oration_n be_v make_v to_o he_o he_o return_v in_o the_o same_o pomp_n unto_o the_o palace_n in_o the_o very_a entry_n whereof_o he_o be_v report_v to_o have_v say_v to_o his_o lord_n that_o then_o his_o successor_n may_v boast_v themselves_o king_n of_o england_n when_o they_o shall_v be_v thus_o attend_v by_o so_o many_o king_n and_o enjoy_v the_o state_n and_o glory_n of_o such_o honour_n or_o as_o malmsburie_n write_v of_o the_o same_o thing_n when_o they_o shall_v enjoy_v so_o great_a a_o prerogative_n of_o honour_n so_o many_o king_n as_o vassal_n to_o be_v ready_a always_o to_o assist_v with_o their_o force_n whensoëver_o they_o shall_v be_v require_v both_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n there_o be_v also_o a_o notable_a testimony_n in_o the_o same_o florentius_n and_o the_o monk_n of_o malmsburie_n how_o that_o this_o king_n sail_v round_o about_o his_o sea_n every_o year_n and_o secure_v it_o with_o a_o constant_a guard_n and_o forces_n every_o summer_n say_v malmsburie_n immediate_o after_o easter_n be_v command_v his_o ship_n upon_o every_o shore_n to_o be_v bring_v into_o a_o body_n sail_v usual_o with_o the_o eastern_a fleet_n to_o the_o west_n part_n of_o the_o island_n and_o then_o send_v it_o back_o he_o sail_v with_o the_o western_a fleet_n unto_o the_o northern_a and_o thence_o with_o the_o northern_a he_o return_v to_o the_o eastern_a be_v indeed_o very_o diligent_a to_o prevent_v the_o incursion_n of_o pirate_n that_o be_v behave_v himself_o in_o this_o manful_o as_o say_v florentius_n also_o and_o hoveden_n for_o the_o
of_o the_o abbey_n of_o abingdon_n say_v of_o the_o same_o year_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o king_n command_v that_o 21000_o shall_v be_v pay_v to_o his_o army_n for_o so_o that_o fleet_n be_v call_v every_o where_n in_o english_a saxon_n which_o ride_v at_o greenwich_n here_o you_o see_v be_v no_o small_a difference_n in_o the_o number_n of_o pound_n but_o howsoever_o if_o it_o be_v to_o be_v conceive_v of_o the_o yearly_a tax_n or_o tribute_n than_o it_o be_v far_o less_o this_o year_n than_o it_o be_v reckon_v by_o those_o monk_n who_o speak_v of_o thirty_o eight_o thousand_o pound_n four_o year_n after_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n canutus_n who_o be_v a_o dane_n a_o far_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n be_v raise_v for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o this_o fleet._n that_o florentius_n who_o we_o have_v often_o cite_v say_v in_o this_o year_n that_o be_v mxviii_o seventie_o two_o thousand_o pound_n out_o of_o all_o england_n and_o one_o thousand_o and_o fifty_o pound_n out_o of_o london_n be_v pay_v to_o the_o danish_a fleet_n and_o there_o remain_v forty_o ship_n with_o k._n canutus_n but_o the_o rest_n be_v return_v to_o denmark_n of_o which_o year_n hoveden_n speak_v thus_o out_o of_o all_o england_n seventie_o two_o and_o out_o of_o london_n 410_o pound_n be_v pay_v to_o the_o danish_a army_n or_o fleet._n and_o there_o remain_v etc._n etc._n they_o differ_v about_o the_o sum_n not_o the_o thing_n wherein_o they_o agree_v with_o the_o english-saxon_a chronicle_n before_o mention_v yet_o these_o altogether_o speak_v contrary_a to_o that_o account_n of_o the_o certain_a sum_n as_o it_o be_v set_v down_o by_o the_o aforesaid_a monk_n but_o cottonianâ_fw-la matthew_n paris_n and_o matthew_n westminster_n say_v of_o the_o same_o time_n that_o cnute_n send_v home_o the_o danish_a fleet_n and_o stipendarie_n soldier_n except_o forty_o ship_n as_o appear_v by_o what_o have_v be_v say_v already_o have_v pay_v they_o out_o of_o all_o england_n eighty_o two_o thousand_o pound_n in_o silver_n also_o in_o the_o second_o year_n of_o king_n hardeâ—nute_n a_o tax_n be_v levy_v for_o the_o danish_a army_n or_o fleet_n amount_v to_o 21000_o pound_n and_o 89_o pound_n as_o huntingdon_n tell_v we_o we_o all_o which_o particular_n do_v i_o suppose_v sufficient_o demonstrate_v that_o the_o danish_a tribute_n here_o mention_v be_v not_o fix_v to_o any_o certain_a sum_n of_o yearly_a payment_n and_o also_o that_o a_o huge_a sum_n of_o money_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v pay_v yearly_o at_o that_o time_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n for_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o to_o what_o purpose_n else_o be_v that_o fleet_n always_o keep_v and_o so_o great_a tax_n levy_v every_o year_n for_o the_o maintenance_n thereof_o but_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o second_o the_o name_n of_o danegeld_n grow_v out_o of_o use_n tribute_n or_o tax_n be_v usual_o pay_v still_o notwithstanding_o by_o other_o name_n that_o be_v very_o well_o know_v for_o the_o guard_v of_o the_o sea_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v by_o and_o by_o but_o they_o be_v extreme_o mistake_v even_o they_o who_o agree_v either_o with_o john_n 57_o bramton_n the_o abbot_n of_o jorvaux_n or_o some_o other_o author_n out_o of_o who_o he_o write_v it_o or_o any_o other_o of_o that_o kind_n in_o derive_v the_o original_a of_o that_o yearly_a danegeld_n so_o often_o mention_v every_o where_o from_o the_o former_a kind_n of_o tribute_n which_o be_v pay_v to_o the_o dane_n for_o the_o procure_n of_o a_o peace_n and_o they_o also_o who_o 95._o will_v have_v the_o war_n to_o have_v be_v undertake_v by_o the_o dane_n and_o saxon_n against_o the_o britain_n because_o they_o deny_v they_o a_o freedom_n of_o navigation_n and_o that_o the_o end_n thereof_o be_v that_o this_o tribute_n be_v upon_o that_o account_n impose_v upon_o the_o nation_n when_o it_o be_v subdue_v now_o as_o concern_v the_o duty_n of_o fiduciarie_n client_n or_o vassal_n wont_a to_o be_v pay_v in_o that_o age_n for_o naval_a expedition_n and_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n we_o have_v set_v they_o down_o among_o those_o particular_n which_o be_v speak_v of_o king_n edgar_n in_o the_o former_a chapter_n the_o petty_a king_n or_o lord_n of_o the_o neighbour_a isle_n be_v bind_v to_o he_o by_o oath_n to_o be_v ready_a at_o his_o command_n to_o serve_v he_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n and_o in_o that_o famous_a breviarie_n or_o register_n of_o england_n call_v scaccarii_fw-la domesday_n contain_v very_o many_o custom_n in_o use_n among_o the_o english-saxons_a beside_o the_o assessment_n of_o the_o province_n and_o write_v in_o the_o time_n of_o william_n the_o first_o we_o read_v thus_o it_o be_v a_o custom_n at_o warwick_n if_o the_o king_n go_v by_o sea_n against_o his_o enemy_n to_o send_v he_o either_o iu_o batsuein_n sea-soldier_n or_o rower_n or_o else_o iv._o pound_n in_o money_n and_o at_o excester_n when_o he_o make_v any_o expedition_n by_o land_n or_o by_o sea_n this_o city_n serve_v after_o the_o rate_n of_o v._o hide_v of_o land_n barnestaple_n lydeford_n and_o totenais_n serve_v as_o far_o as_o that_o city_n that_o be_v these_o three_o town_n pay_v as_o much_o as_o excester_n alone_o moreover_o gloucester_n yield_v xxxvi_o dicre_n of_o iron_n and_o c._n iron_n rod_n fit_v to_o make_v nail_n for_o the_o king_n ship_n leicester_n also_o if_o the_o king_n go_v against_o his_o enemy_n by_o sea_n send_v he_o four_o horse_n from_o that_o town_n to_o london_n to_o carry_v arm_n or_o other_o necessary_n concern_v lewes_n also_o a_o chief_a town_n in_o sussex_n there_o k._n edward_n the_o confessor_n have_v cxxvii_o burgher_n at_o his_o service_n their_o custom_n be_v if_o the_o king_n go_v not_o himself_o in_o person_n but_o send_v other_o to_o guard_v the_o sea_n than_o they_o collect_v xx._n shilling_n of_o every_o man_n of_o what_o country_n soëver_o he_o be_v and_o provide_v man_n who_o be_v to_o look_v to_o the_o arm_n on_o shipboard_n here_o very_o express_a mention_n be_v make_v of_o the_o defence_n or_o guardianship_n of_o the_o sea_n itself_o and_o in_o colchester_n a_o eminent_a town_n of_o essex_n we_o find_v it_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o that_o age_n to_o pay_v out_o of_o every_o house_n six_o penny_n a_o year_n that_o be_v able_a to_o pay_v it_o for_o maintenance_n of_o the_o king_n soldier_n upon_o a_o expedition_n by_o land_n or_o sea_n etc._n etc._n and_o this_o aught_o to_o be_v the_o rate_n if_o the_o king_n shall_v entertain_v soldier_n or_o make_v any_o expedition_n all_o these_o particular_n be_v in_o that_o register_n and_o other_o there_o be_v in_o it_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n but_o a_o expedition_n by_o sea_n signify_v in_o these_o testimony_n not_o a_o war_n to_o be_v undertake_v for_o subdue_a the_o dominion_n of_o their_o neighbour_n land_n but_o most_o clear_o a_o preparation_n and_o enterprise_n of_o war_n for_o the_o guard_n scour_a and_o keep_v the_o sea_n as_o a_o part_n of_o the_o empire_n of_o britain_n as_o it_o sufficient_o appear_v out_o of_o the_o history_n of_o that_o time_n for_o we_o do_v not_o read_v that_o our_o english-saxons_a or_o dane_n have_v any_o other_o quarrel_n at_o that_o time_n with_o any_o of_o their_o neighbour_n whatsoëver_o unless_o it_o concern_v either_o the_o british_a island_n or_o the_o sea_n belong_v thereunto_o which_o also_o be_v especial_o to_o be_v consider_v the_o testimony_n of_o edgar_n and_o canutus_n king_n of_o england_n with_o other_o express_o declare_v the_o dominion_n which_o they_o and_o their_o predecessor_n have_v over_o the_o sea_n together_o with_o a_o observation_n touch_v the_o nation_n which_o in_o that_o age_n be_v seat_v upon_o the_o opposite_a shore_n chap._n xii_o that_o we_o may_v at_o length_n set_v a_o end_n to_o that_o fourfold_a distribution_n which_o we_o make_v of_o the_o testimony_n of_o that_o age_n let_v we_o in_o the_o last_o place_n add_v the_o express_a determination_n of_o king_n edgar_n and_o canutus_n concern_v their_o own_o dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n as_o for_o edgar_n the_o title_n which_o he_o common_o use_v run_v thus_o 8._o i_o edgar_n sovereign_a lord_n of_o all_o albion_n and_o of_o the_o maritime_a or_o insular_n king_n inhabit_v round_o about_o so_o he_o make_v the_o body_n of_o the_o british_a empire_n to_o comprehend_v all_o the_o maritime_a kingdom_n that_o lay_v about_o that_o be_v to_o say_v all_o that_o be_v situate_a in_o the_o british_a sea_n and_o this_o he_o more_o plain_o declare'_v in_o the_o charter_n or_o deed_n by_o which_o he_o settle_v revenue_n on_o the_o cathedral_n church_n of_o worcester_n in_o the_o year_n dcccclxiv_n if_o so_o be_v the_o copy_n be_v right_o render_v by_o those_o who_o many_o year_n since_o print_v so_o
much_o of_o it_o as_o concern_v this_o title_n the_o word_n be_v these_o 619._o altitonantis_fw-la dei_fw-la largifluâ_fw-la clementia_fw-la qui_fw-la est_fw-la rex_fw-la regum_fw-la ego_fw-la edgarus_n anglorum_fw-la basileus_n omniúmque_fw-la regum_fw-la insularum_fw-la oceanique_fw-la britanniani_n circumjacentis_fw-la so_o john_n dee_fw-mi a_o man_n very_o well_o see_v in_o most_o part_n of_o learning_n do_v read_v it_o a_o good_a while_n since_o save_v only_o that_o in_o stead_n of_o britannian_a he_o have_v britanniani_n while_o 163._o other_o read_v insularum_fw-la oceani_fw-la quae_fw-la britanniam_fw-la circumjacent_a cunctarúmque_fw-la nationum_fw-la quae_fw-la infra_fw-la eam_fw-la includuntur_fw-la imperator_fw-la &_o dominus_fw-la gratias_fw-la ago_o ipsi_fw-la deo_fw-la omnipotenti_fw-la regimeo_fw-la qui_fw-la meum_fw-la imperium_fw-la sic_fw-la ampliavit_fw-la &_o exaltavit_fw-la super_fw-la regnum_fw-la patrum_fw-la mâ—orum_fw-la qui_fw-la licèt_fw-la monarchiam_fw-la totius_fw-la angliae_fw-la adepti_fw-la sint_fw-la à _fw-la tempore_fw-la athelstani_fw-la qui_fw-la primus_fw-la regnum_fw-la anglorum_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la nationes_fw-la quae_fw-la britanniam_fw-la incolunt_fw-la sibi_fw-la armis_fw-la subegit_fw-la nullus_fw-la tamen_fw-la illâ—rum_fw-la ultra_fw-la ejus_fw-la fine_n imperium_fw-la suum_fw-la dilatare_fw-la aggressus_fw-la est_fw-la mihi_fw-la autem_fw-la concessit_fw-la propitia_fw-la divinitas_fw-la cum_fw-la anglorum_fw-la imperio_fw-la omne_fw-la regna_fw-la insularum_fw-la oceani_fw-la cum_fw-la suis_fw-la ferocissimis_fw-la regibus_fw-la usque_fw-la norwegiam_fw-la maximámque_fw-la partem_fw-la hiberniae_fw-la cum_fw-la suâ_fw-la nobilissimâ_fw-la civitate_fw-la dublinia_n anglorum_fw-la regno_fw-la subjugare_fw-la quos_fw-la etiam_fw-la omnes_fw-la meis_fw-la imperiis_fw-la colla_fw-la subdere_fw-la dei_fw-la favente_fw-la gratiâ_fw-la coëgi_fw-la by_o the_o abundant_a goodness_n of_o almighty_a god_n who_o be_v the_o king_n of_o king_n i_o edgar_z king_n of_o england_n and_o of_o all_o the_o king_n of_o the_o island_n and_o of_o the_o ocean_n lie_v round_o about_o britain_n and_o of_o all_o the_o nation_n that_o be_v include_v within_o the_o circuit_n thereof_o supreme_a lord_n and_o governor_n do_v render_v thanks_o to_o the_o same_o almighty_a god_n my_o king_n who_o have_v enlarge_v my_o empire_n thus_o and_o exalt_v it_o above_o the_o royal_a estate_n of_o my_o progenitor_n who_o although_o they_o arrive_v to_o the_o monarchy_n of_o all_o england_n ever_o since_o the_o time_n of_o athelstane_n who_o be_v the_o first_o that_o by_o force_n of_o arm_n subdue_v the_o english_a and_o all_o the_o nation_n that_o inhabit_v britain_n yet_o none_o of_o they_o ever_o attempt_v to_o promote_v their_o empire_n beyond_o the_o bound_n thereof_o but_o the_o divine_a goodness_n have_v favour_a i_o so_o far_o as_o beside_o the_o english_a empire_n to_o enable_v i_o to_o subdue_v all_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o land_n in_o the_o ocean_n with_o their_o most_o stout_a and_o mighty_a king_n even_o as_o far_o as_o norway_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o irland_n together_o with_o their_o most_o famous_a city_n of_o dublin_n all_o which_o by_o god_n grace_n and_o assistance_n i_o have_v subdue_v and_o make_v their_o neck_n to_o stoop_v under_o the_o yoke_n of_o my_o command_n whereas_o he_o say_v that_o none_o of_o his_o progenitor_n have_v attempt_v to_o enlarge_v their_o empire_n beyond_o the_o bound_n of_o britain_n it_o must_v be_v so_o understand_v that_o it_o be_v take_v for_o the_o northern_a and_o western_a bound_n of_o the_o british_a empire_n as_o sufficient_o appear_v by_o the_o mention_n of_o irland_n and_o norway_n so_o that_o then_o more_o island_n than_o the_o name_n of_o britain_n do_v comprehend_v or_o than_o the_o isle_n of_o that_o sea_n together_o with_o the_o sea_n itself_o be_v bring_v under_o his_o dominion_n but_o king_n canutus_n or_o cnute_n have_v leave_v a_o testimony_n also_o whereby_o he_o most_o express_o assert_v the_o sea_n to_o be_v a_o part_n of_o his_o dominion_n he_o place_v himself_o on_o a_o seat_n by_o the_o sea_n side_n as_o it_o flow_v upon_o southampton_n shore_n have_v a_o mind_n to_o demonstrate_v to_o his_o flatterer_n that_o king_n themselves_o be_v but_o man_n be_v report_v to_o have_v make_v trial_n of_o the_o obedience_n of_o the_o sea_n it_o be_v flood_n after_o this_o manner_n thou_o o_o sea_n be_v under_o my_o dominion_n as_o the_o land_n also_o upon_o which_o i_o sit_v be_v i_o and_o there_o never_o be_v any_o that_o disobey_v my_o command_n without_o punishment_n therefore_o i_o command_v thou_o not_o to_o ascend_v up_o upon_o my_o land_n nor_o do_v thou_o presume_v to_o wet_v the_o foot_n or_o garment_n of_o thy_o sovereign_n but_o the_o tide_n say_v huntingdon_n and_o florilegus_n who_o relate_v this_o story_n swell_v as_o at_o other_o time_n do_v very_o unmannerly_a wet_v not_o only_o the_o foot_n but_o leg_n of_o his_o majesty_n whereupon_o the_o king_n leap_v up_o proclaim_v with_o his_o own_o mouth_n none_o to_o be_v worthy_a the_o name_n of_o king_n but_o he_o alone_o who_o command_n be_v both_o the_o sea_n and_o land_n and_o they_o obey_v and_o from_o that_o time_n he_o refuse_v to_o wear_v his_o crown_n of_o gold_n consecrate_v it_o to_o a_o crucifix_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n he_o here_o open_o profess_v himself_o to_o be_v the_o sovereign_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o well_o as_o of_o the_o land_n hereunto_o may_v be_v add_v some_o testimony_n of_o other_o writer_n which_o although_o they_o be_v of_o a_o late_a date_n than_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o english-saxons_a yet_o they_o be_v transmit_v to_o posterity_n by_o the_o hand_n of_o such_o as_o be_v perfect_o acquaint_v with_o the_o english_a history_n and_o by_o the_o tradition_n of_o their_o ancestor_n well_o infoun_v of_o the_o most_o authentic_a opinion_n and_o resolu_n concern_v the_o english_a dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n geofâ—rie_o chaucer_n who_o be_v not_o only_o the_o most_o famous_a poêt_fw-fr of_o his_o time_n but_o as_o learning_n go_v in_o those_o day_n a_o very_a well_o accomplish_v scholar_n in_o one_o of_o his_o canterbury_n tale_n bring_v we_o in_o his_o man_n of_o law_n tell_v a_o story_n which_o he_o will_v have_v relate_v to_o the_o time_n of_o alla_n king_n of_o northumberland_n who_o reign_v thirty_o year_n and_o his_o reign_n begin_v in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n dlix_o in_o this_o tale_n there_o be_v bring_v in_o a_o lady_n call_v constantia_n the_o daughter_n of_o i_o know_v not_o what_o roman_a emperor_n marry_v to_o the_o king_n of_o syria_n drive_v she_o be_v by_o weather_n to_o a_o place_n which_o lie_v under_o the_o command_n of_o a_o fortress_n upon_o the_o shore_n of_o northumberland_n and_o there_o the_o ship_n run_v aground_o she_o be_v a_o christian_a banish_v for_o her_o religion_n and_o there_o take_v prisoner_n by_o the_o commander_n of_o that_o fortress_n in_o this_o relation_n of_o the_o sad_a adventure_n of_o constantia_n he_o say_v what_o indeed_o be_v true_a that_o christian_a religion_n be_v not_o receive_v into_o any_o part_n of_o that_o territory_n but_o that_o pagan_n have_v overrun_v and_o do_v hold_v those_o northern_a country_n under_o their_o dominion_n as_o well_o by_o sea_n as_o land_n his_o word_n to_o this_o purpose_n be_v these_o in_o all_o that_o land_n dursten_a non_fw-it christian_a rout_n all_o christian_a folk_n be_v flee_v from_o the_o country_n through_o paynim_n that_o conquer_v all_o about_o the_o plague_n of_o northumberland_n by_o land_n &_o see_n he_o say_v discreet_o that_o the_o neighbour_a sea_n fall_v to_o the_o conqueror_n of_o this_o isle_n as_o well_o as_o the_o land_n know_v what_o be_v the_o resolution_n and_o general_o receive_v opinion_n of_o his_o ancestor_n concern_v that_o matter_n he_o live_v two_o hundred_o and_o thirty_o year_n ago_o in_o the_o time_n of_o richard_n the_o second_o nor_o be_v it_o any_o prejudice_n to_o this_o authority_n that_o the_o other_o thing_n there_o relate_v be_v fabulous_a for_o we_o know_v that_o out_o of_o the_o fable_n of_o heliodorus_n achilles_n tatius_n theodorus_n prodromus_n eustathius_n and_o such_o other_o whether_o of_o a_o amorous_a or_o any_o other_o strain_n sometime_o many_o useful_a observation_n may_v be_v gather_v concern_v the_o custom_n manner_n and_o receive_v opinion_n as_o well_o of_o the_o man_n among_o who_o they_o be_v feign_v to_o be_v act_v as_o of_o the_o time_n to_o which_o they_o be_v relate_v john_n harding_n also_o who_o in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o four_o write_v a_o history_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o england_n in_o vers_fw-la when_o he_o reckon_v up_o those_o prince_n that_o swear_v fealty_n to_o king_n canutus_n for_o the_o land_n which_o they_o hold_v of_o he_o 117._o he_o add_v so_o do_v the_o king_n of_o wales_n of_o high_a parage_n and_o all_o the_o northwest_n ocean_n for_o their_o kingdom_n and_o for_o their_o land_n then_o that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o same_o be_v do_v at_o that_o time_n by_o the_o great_a king_n of_o wales_n and_o of_o all_o the_o north-western_a
least_o allow_v such_o a_o dominion_n viii_o some_o ancient_a testimony_n of_o inferior_a note_n all_o the_o testimony_n almost_o that_o be_v comprehend_v in_o this_o division_n be_v indeed_o domestic_a but_o so_o public_a and_o of_o so_o approve_a credit_n that_o hardly_o any_o thing_n can_v be_v imagine_v which_o may_v give_v a_o clear_a proof_n of_o possession_n whether_o civil_a as_o they_o call_v it_o consist_v in_o the_o act_n and_o intention_n of_o the_o mind_n or_o natural_a which_o require_n the_o presence_n of_o the_o body_n as_o it_o will_v appear_v to_o any_o man_n that_o plea_n to_o make_v enquiry_n especial_o if_o he_o add_v hereunto_o the_o judgement_n or_o acknowledgement_n of_o such_o foreign_a nation_n who_o it_o chief_o concern_v whereof_o we_o shall_v treat_v also_o by_o and_o by_o but_o of_o these_o thing_n several_o and_o in_o order_n that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n since_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n have_v perpetual_o enjoy_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n flow_v about_o they_o be_v in_o the_o first_o place_n prove_v from_o the_o guard_n or_o government_n thereof_o as_o of_o a_o province_n or_o territorie_n that_o be_v to_o say_v from_o the_o very_a law_n of_o the_o english_a admiralty_n chap._n fourteen_o as_o concern_v the_o guard_n or_o government_n of_o this_o sea_n there_o be_v three_o thing_n therein_o that_o deserv_v special_a consideration_n 1._o the_o bare_a mention_n and_o nature_n of_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o of_o the_o guardian_n or_o admiral_n thereof_o in_o public_a record_n and_o history_n 2._o the_o tribute_n and_o custom_n impose_v demand_v or_o accustom_v to_o be_v pay_v for_o and_o in_o consideration_n of_o the_o say_a custody_n and_o last_o the_o tenor_n and_o variety_n of_o commission_n belong_v to_o this_o guard_n and_o english_a admiralty_n or_o government_n by_o sea_n since_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n there_o be_v frequent_a mention_n of_o a_o guard_n or_o government_n institute_v for_o the_o defence_n and_o guard_v of_o the_o sea_n here_o call_v to_o mind_v those_o observation_n touch_v this_o kind_n of_o guard_n which_o have_v be_v already_o gather_v out_o of_o that_o record_n or_o breviarie_n of_o england_n call_v doomsday_n and_o king_n henry_n the_o first_o say_v florentius_n of_o worcester_n give_v order_n to_o his_o butsecarli_n to_o guard_v the_o sea_n and_o take_v care_n that_o no_o person_n from_o the_o part_n of_o normandy_n approach_v the_o english_a coast_n the_o same_o say_v roger_n hoveden_n in_o the_o very_a same_o word_n almost_o save_v only_o that_o the_o print_a copy_n err_v in_o put_v buzsecarlis_n for_o butsecarlis_n these_o butsecarli_n or_o butescarles_n in_o the_o old_a english_a language_n be_v officer_n belong_v to_o the_o navy_n or_o sea-soldier_n as_o hutesecarli_n be_v domestic_a servant_n or_o officer_n in_o court_n and_o that_o to_o guard_v the_o sea_n here_o signify_v to_o secure_v the_o sea_n itself_o not_o to_o defend_v the_o seacoast_n as_o sometime_o though_o seldom_o it_o do_v with_o land-force_n plain_o appear_v out_o of_o henry_n of_o huntingdon_n in_o who_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o the_o person_n who_o thus_o guard_v the_o sea_n be_v employ_v by_o the_o king_n to_o make_v war_n by_o sea_n against_o robert_n duke_n of_o normandy_n who_o be_v then_o prepare_v a_o expedition_n against_o england_n now_o those_o public_a record_n be_v lose_v wherein_o the_o royal_a commission_n for_o the_o delegation_n of_o this_o command_n or_o government_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v register_v all_o that_o space_n of_o time_n betwixt_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n and_o the_o reign_n of_o k._n john_n but_o from_o thence_o through_o all_o the_o succeed_a age_n unto_o this_o present_a time_n it_o be_v as_o clear_a as_o day_n that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v be_v wont_a to_o constitute_v governor_n or_o commander_n who_o have_v the_o charge_n of_o guard_v the_o english_a sea_n and_o be_v the_o guardian_n or_o governor_n thereof_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v some_o province_n upon_o land_n first_o of_o all_o there_o be_v 9_o entrust_v with_o the_o government_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o the_o maritimae_n and_o marinae_fw-la the_o maritime_a and_o marine_a part_n of_o the_o empire_n understand_v by_o those_o word_n not_o only_o some_o country_n lie_v upon_o the_o seacoast_n but_o comprehend_v the_o british_a sea_n itself_o though_o i_o confess_v it_o be_v not_o always_o so_o such_o as_o be_v to_o guard_v and_o keep_v it_o under_o the_o title_n sometime_o of_o custodes_fw-la navium_fw-la guardian_n of_o the_o ship_n but_o more_o frequent_o custodes_fw-la maritimae_n or_o marinae_fw-la in_o the_o sens_fw-fr aforesaid_a and_o in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o thomas_n de_fw-fr moleton_n be_v style_v 3._o captain_n and_o guardian_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o have_v authority_n give_v he_o to_o guard_v the_o sea_n and_o the_o maritime_a part_n of_o the_o eastern_a shore_n in_o the_o same_o king_n reign_n also_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o cinque-port_n be_v say_v to_o guard_v the_o dorso_fw-la coast_n of_o england_n and_o the_o sea_n so_o hugh_n de_fw-fr crequeur_n be_v warden_n of_o the_o 14._o cinque-port_n and_o of_o the_o sea_n in_o those_o part_n afterward_o the_o title_n of_o guardian_n or_o warden_n very_o often_o change_v into_o that_o of_o admiral_n edward_n the_o first_o say_v thomas_n of_o 1295._o walsingham_n for_o the_o keep_n of_o the_o sea_n divide_v his_o ship_n into_o three_o fleet_n set_v over_o they_o three_o admiral_n namely_o over_o the_o ship_n at_o yarmouth_n and_o the_o road_n thereabouts_o john_n the_o botetort_n over_o those_o at_o portsmouth_n william_n de_fw-fr leyburn_n and_o over_o the_o western_a and_o irish_a ship_n a_o certain_a irish_a knight_n moreover_o also_o that_o john_n de_fw-fr butetort_n be_v in_o the_o 5._o record_n of_o that_o time_n style_v custos_fw-la maritimae_n as_o be_v other_o also_o after_o this_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o second_o three_o admiral_n of_o the_o three_o several_a coast_n of_o england_n say_v 22._o walsingham_n have_v the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n namely_o sir_n john_n oturvin_n sir_n nicolas_n kyriel_n sir_n john_n felton_n we_o find_v moreover_o in_o our_o 2._o public_a record_n that_o the_o principal_a end_n of_o call_v a_o parliament_n in_o the_o fourteen_o year_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o be_v de_n treter_n sur_fw-fr la_fw-fr guard_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr pee_z de_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr &_o de_fw-fr la_fw-fr march_n d'escoce_fw-mi &_o de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mere_a i._n e._n that_o consultation_n may_v be_v have_v concern_v keep_v the_o peace_n of_o the_o land_n also_o of_o the_o border_n of_o scotland_n and_o of_o the_o sea_n the_o same_o regard_n they_o have_v to_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o of_o the_o island_n or_o land-province_n give_v we_o to_o understand_v that_o the_o land_n and_o sea_n together_o make_v one_o entire_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n other_o evidence_n of_o the_o same_o nature_n we_o find_v in_o the_o 21._o record_n of_o parliament_n of_o the_o same_o king_n time_n or_o in_o the_o consultation_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o realm_n have_v about_o this_o matter_n that_o whilst_o they_o treat_v indifferent_o de_fw-fr la_fw-fr saufegard_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr concern_v the_o safeguard_n or_o defence_n of_o the_o land_n or_o island_n and_o de_fw-fr la_fw-fr saufeguard_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mere_n the_o safeguard_n of_o the_o sea_n they_o seem_v sufficient_o to_o declare_v be_v well_o inform_v by_o their_o ancestor_n that_o the_o dominion_n of_o this_o as_o well_o as_o of_o that_o do_v belong_v unto_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n for_o the_o business_n debate_v by_o they_o be_v not_o only_a how_o to_o provide_v a_o navy_n to_o make_v resistance_n against_o their_o enemy_n by_o sea_n but_o for_o the_o guard_v the_o sea_n itself_o as_o well_o as_o the_o secure_n of_o the_o isle_n and_o so_o for_o the_o maintain_v the_o ancient_a right_n of_o their_o king_n in_o both_o in_o the_o time_n of_o richard_n the_o second_o hugh_n calverlee_n be_v make_v admiral_n of_o the_o sea_n say_v parâ—_n walsingham_n and_o m_o r_o thomas_n percy_n join_v in_o commission_n with_o he_o to_o scour_v the_o road_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o one_o year_n and_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o same_o king_n and_o likewise_o of_o the_o two_o succeed_a henries_n the_o four_o and_o the_o five_o debate_n be_v have_v in_o 6._o parliament_n about_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o six_o the_o guard_n 27._o of_o the_o sea_n be_v with_o a_o numerous_a navy_n commit_v to_o richard_n earl_n of_o salisbury_n john_n earl_n of_o shrewsburie_n john_n earl_n of_o worcester_n and_z james_z earl_n of_o wilts_n to_o who_o be_v add_v baron_n sturton_n and_o afterward_o to_o john_n duke_n
charge_n which_o indeed_o be_v a_o thing_n we_o hear_v not_o of_o in_o late_a time_n but_o that_o so_o it_o be_v in_o the_o reign_v of_o king_n henry_n the_o three_o and_z edward_z the_o first_o the_o record_n etc._n of_o those_o time_n do_v testify_v but_o afterward_o the_o universal_a custody_n of_o the_o sea_n except_v only_o what_o be_v extraordinary_a be_v commit_v by_o our_o king_n to_o the_o high_a admiral_n of_o england_n and_o to_o they_o alone_o or_o their_o deputy_n and_o appertain_v unto_o they_o now_o by_o a_o unquestionable_a right_n but_o when_o any_o person_n be_v entrust_v with_o that_o guardianship_n or_o custody_n the_o possession_n and_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n who_o intrust's_n or_o give_v we_o he_o the_o authority_n be_v comprehend_v in_o that_o government_n or_o command_n which_o also_o be_v confirm_v by_o word_n most_o express_a and_o home_n to_o the_o business_n in_o hand_n that_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o a_o libel_n or_o bill_n of_o complaint_n xxviii_o hereafter_o mention_v which_o be_v exhibit_v by_o a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o neighbor-nation_n to_o the_o commissioner_n of_o our_o edward_n the_o first_o and_z philip_z the_o fair_a king_n of_o france_n the_o dominion_n of_o the_o english_a sea_n assert_v from_o those_o tribute_n or_o custom_n that_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v impose_v pay_v and_o demand_v for_o the_o guard_n or_o protection_n thereof_o after_o the_o norman_a conquest_n chap._n xv._o concern_v the_o tribute_n or_o custom_n that_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v impose_v pay_v and_o demand_v for_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o english_a sea_n there_o be_v very_o ample_a ancient_a testimony_n all_o along_o since_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o norman_n and_o those_o thing_n which_o have_v be_v already_o mention_v touch_v the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n do_v not_o a_o little_a confirm_v it_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o tribute_n impose_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o english-saxons_a for_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v call_v danegeld_v of_o who_o original_a and_o use_v we_o have_v 11._o already_o speak_v be_v wont_v now_o and_o then_o to_o be_v pay_v heretofore_o under_o the_o norman_a king_n after_o the_o word_n there_o cite_v out_o of_o the_o ancient_a dialogue_n touch_v the_o exchequer_n about_o the_o payment_n thereof_o before_o the_o norman_a conquest_n it_o immediate_o follow_v we_o thus_o in_o the_o same_o dialogue_n in_o his_o reign_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o â—â—igâ—_n of_o william_n the_o first_o the_o dane_n as_o well_o as_o other_o robbert_n of_o land_n and_o sea_n restrain_v the_o invasion_n of_o enemy_n know_v this_o to_o be_v true_a which_o be_v write_v when_o a_o strong_a man_n arm_v keep_v his_o his_o house_n he_o possess_v his_o good_n in_o peace_n for_o they_o be_v not_o ignorant_a that_o resolute_a and_o valiant_a man_n will_v not_o let_v injury_n pass_v unrevenged_a therefore_o whereas_o the_o laâ—d_n have_v pay_v it_o along_o time_n in_o the_o same_o king_n reign_n they_o be_v unwilling_a to_o pay_v that_o every_o year_n which_o have_v be_v exact_v upon_o urgent_a necessity_n in_o time_n of_o war_n but_o yet_o they_o will_v not_o have_v it_o whole_o cashier_v because_o of_o sudden_a occasion_n therefore_o it_o be_v seldom_o pay_v in_o his_o reign_n or_o the_o reign_n of_o his_o successor_n that_o be_v only_o then_o when_o they_o either_o have_v or_o suspect_v a_o war_n with_o foreiner_n and_o among_o the_o 128._o old_a law_n of_o england_n we_o find_v that_o william_n rufus_n require_v aid_n of_o the_o baron_n for_o the_o regain_n of_o normandy_n out_o of_o the_o hand_n of_o his_o brother_n robert_n surname_v cortehole_n who_o be_v upon_o a_o voyage_n to_o the_o holy_a land_n danegeld_n be_v grant_v to_o he_o not_o establish_v nor_o confirm_v by_o a_o law_n that_o be_v to_o say_v four_o shilling_n upon_o every_o hide_n of_o land_n which_o be_v pay_v for_o defend_v the_o dominion_n by_o sea_n for_o that_o be_v the_o intent_n and_o end_n of_o danegeld_n according_a to_o its_o nature_n and_o original_n moreover_o francofurt_n roger_n hoveden_n say_v express_o that_o it_o be_v usual_o pay_v until_o the_o time_n of_o king_n stephen_n he_o speak_v of_o the_o promise_n which_o he_o make_v at_o the_o time_n of_o his_o coronation_n say_v three_o he_o promise_v that_o he_o will_v remit_v danegeld_v for_o ever_o that_o be_v two_o shilling_n upon_o a_o hide_n which_o his_o predecessor_n be_v go_v to_o take_v every_o year_n the_o same_o also_o be_v affirm_v by_o matthew_n paris_n and_o cottonianâ_fw-la roger_n of_o wendover_n out_o of_o who_o the_o chronicle_n set_v forth_o by_o matthew_n until_o the_o nineteenth_o year_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o or_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n mccxxxv_o be_v whole_o take_v they_o say_v of_o king_n stephen_n tertiò_fw-la vovit_fw-la quòd_fw-la danegeld_n id_fw-la est_fw-la &_o qualibet_fw-la ydâ_fw-la terrae_fw-la dvos_fw-la solidos_fw-la quos_fw-la antecessores_fw-la ejus_fw-la consueverant_fw-la accipere_fw-la in_o aeternum_fw-la annis_fw-la singulis_fw-la condonaret_fw-la so_o indeed_o we_o read_v it_o in_o the_o cottoniana_n manuscript_n book_n of_o this_o matthew_n whereby_o the_o print_a one_o be_v to_o be_v amend_v who_o render_v it_o only_o thus_o tertiò_fw-la vovit_fw-la quòd_fw-la antecessores_fw-la ejus_fw-la accipere_fw-la consueverant_fw-la in_fw-la aeternum_fw-la annis_fw-la singulis_fw-la condonaret_fw-la but_o this_o also_o be_v add_v by_o hoveden_n these_o especial_o and_o divers_a other_o thing_n he_o promise_v before_o god_n but_o keep_v none_o of_o they_o as_o we_o be_v tell_v likewise_o by_o paris_n and_o wendover_n so_o that_o this_o tribute_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v pay_v in_o the_o reign_v of_o william_n the_o first_o and_o the_o second_o henry_n the_o first_o and_o king_n stephen_n also_o for_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o account_n of_o the_o exchequer_n that_o it_o be_v pay_v sometime_o in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o and_o after_o that_o it_o grow_v out_o of_o date_n another_o course_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v take_v very_o frequent_o and_o use_v as_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o land_n that_o pay_v and_o provision_n may_v not_o be_v whole_o want_v to_o maintain_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n by_o sea_n mention_n be_v make_v touch_v this_o particular_a in_o the_o court-roll_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o scaccarii_fw-la terrarum_fw-la ad_fw-la custodiâ—â—_n maris_fw-la agistatarum_fw-la that_o be_v of_o such_o land_n as_o be_v charge_v with_o a_o payment_n or_o tribute_n for_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n we_o know_v indeed_o also_o that_o it_o be_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n collect_v at_o that_o time_n under_o pretence_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o the_o pay_n and_o maintenance_n of_o land-force_n near_o the_o shore_n but_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o the_o sea_n itself_o be_v guard_v then_o with_o naval-force_n as_o well_o as_o the_o shore_n by_o land-force_n and_o so_o that_o that_o paiment_n belong_v either_o to_o the_o sea_n itself_o or_o else_o to_o the_o shore_n as_o well_o as_o the_o sea_n moreover_o subsidy_n have_v be_v demand_v of_o the_o people_n in_o parliament_n pour_v 6._o la_fw-fr salvation_n du_fw-fr royalme_n &_o the_o euâ—_n mesines_n &_o auxint_fw-fr de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mere_a de_fw-fr la_fw-fr march_n dâ—_n escoce_n de_fw-fr gascoign_n &_o des_fw-fr isles_n that_o be_v for_o defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o sea_n belong_v thereunto_o the_o scotish_n border_n gasooign_n and_o the_o isle_n thus_o the_o sea_n and_o its_o defence_n and_o dominion_n be_v reckon_v in_o a_o equal_a right_n and_o condition_n with_o that_o of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o border_n and_o the_o isle_n several_a other_o instance_n there_o be_v of_o that_o kind_n but_o that_o especial_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o this_o place_n which_o we_o find_v in_o the_o parlamentarie_a record_n of_o king_n richard_n the_o second_o concern_v a_o tribute_n or_o custom_n that_o be_v impose_v upon_o every_o ship_n that_o pass_v through_o the_o northern_a admiralty_n that_o be_v in_o the_o sea_n which_o stretch_v itself_o from_o the_o thames_n mouth_n along_o the_o eastern_a shore_n of_o england_n towards_o the_o north-east_n for_o the_o pay_n and_o maintenance_n of_o the_o guard_n or_o protection_n of_o the_o sea_n nor_o be_v it_o impose_v only_o upon_o the_o ship_n of_o such_o merchant_n and_o fisherman_n as_o be_v english_a but_o also_o by_o the_o same_o right_n in_o a_o manner_n upon_o those_o of_o any_o foreiner_n whatsoëver_o no_o otherwise_o than_o if_o a_o man_n that_o be_v owner_n of_o a_o field_n shall_v impose_v a_o yearly_a revenue_n or_o rend_v for_o the_o liberty_n of_o thoroughfare_a or_o drive_v of_o cattle_n or_o cart_n through_o his_o field_n paiment_n be_v make_v at_o the_o rate_n of_o six_o penny_n a_o tun_n upon_o every_o vessel_n that_o pass_v by_o except_o such_o ship_n only_o as_o
to_o be_v present_v touch_v that_o business_n unto_o the_o king_n as_o he_o be_v at_o that_o time_n king_n of_o france_n but_o only_o as_o king_n of_o england_n that_o be_v as_o lord_n of_o the_o whole_a sea_n flow_v between_o and_o it_o be_v very_o improbable_a and_o not_o in_o reason_n to_o be_v admit_v that_o they_o will_v so_o upon_o deliberation_n for_o both_o lord_n and_o commons_o use_v to_o debate_v such_o matter_n a_o long_a time_n before_o they_o pass_v a_o bill_n that_o they_o will_v i_o say_v so_o upon_o deliberation_n require_v a_o impose_v of_o custom_n by_o the_o act_n of_o a_o english_a parliament_n in_o a_o place_n that_o be_v not_o subject_a as_o a_o part_n of_o the_o royal_a patrimony_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o king_n of_o england_n from_o hence_o it_o be_v also_o that_o our_o present_a king_n charles_n do_v this_o last_o year_n declare_v that_o himself_o and_o his_o progenitor_n the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v in_o all_o time_n hitherto_o by_o a_o ancient_a and_o most_o just_a title_n be_v lord_n of_o this_o sea_n to_o wit_n in_o his_o 1634._o letter_n patent_n send_v to_o the_o maritime_a county_n of_o england_n whereby_o ship-monie_n be_v impose_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o his_o dominion_n by_o sea_n add_v moreover_o hereunto_o that_o in_o the_o agreement_n make_v betwixt_o our_o edward_n the_o first_o and_o guy_n earl_n of_o flanders_n about_o the_o wear_n of_o colors_z or_o flag_n in_o every_o ship_n and_o punish_v offender_n by_o sea_n william_n de_fw-fr leyburn_n be_v call_v londinensi_fw-la admiral_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mire_n du_fw-fr dict_z roy_fw-fr d_o engleterre_fw-fr or_o admiral_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o the_o say_a king_n of_o england_n other_o testimony_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n there_o be_v in_o record_n touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o it_o have_v be_v receive_v and_o acknowledge_v according_a to_o the_o common_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o our_o country_n which_o i_o shall_v discourse_n of_o in_o the_o next_o place_n and_o after_o that_o concern_v the_o testimony_n of_o foreiner_n of_o divers_a testimony_n in_o our_o own_o law-book_n and_o the_o most_o receive_a custom_n whereby_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v either_o assert_v or_o admit_v chap._n xxiv_o the_o seven_o of_o those_o head_n according_a to_o the_o former_a division_n which_o manifest_a the_o aforesaid_a dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n relate_n to_o our_o law-book's_a and_o the_o receive_a custom_n therein_o which_o prove_v it_o from_o the_o most_o ancient_a time_n there_o be_v also_o in_o they_o many_o particular_n that_o may_v relate_v hereunto_o which_o be_v explain_v now_o and_o then_o touch_v the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o english_a admiralty_n and_o other_o thing_n already_o handle_v but_o in_o this_o chapter_n we_o shall_v use_v either_o the_o determination_n and_o commentary_n of_o our_o own_o lawyer_n or_o chief_o such_o court-record_n as_o explain_v their_o opinion_n i_o confess_v indeed_o in_o some_o of_o the_o author_n of_o our_o law_n who_o write_v above_o cccl_o year_n ago_o or_o thereabouts_o after_o they_o have_v as_o the_o manner_n than_o be_v read_v through_o the_o civil_a law_n also_o they_o be_v so_o strict_a in_o follow_v those_o determination_n word_n for_o word_n which_o they_o find_v concern_v the_o sea_n in_o that_o law_n that_o when_o they_o treat_v the_o acquirendo_fw-la rerum_fw-la dominio_fw-la of_o the_o manner_n of_o acquire_v the_o dominion_n of_o thing_n they_o tranfer_v they_o into_o their_o own_o writing_n from_o thence_o it_o be_v that_o henry_n bracton_n who_o be_v a_o very_a famous_a lawyer_n at_o the_o late_a end_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o say_v 6._o naturali_fw-la jure_fw-la communia_fw-la sunt_fw-la omne_fw-la haec_fw-la aqua_fw-la profluens_fw-la aër_fw-la &_o mare_n &_o litora_fw-la maris_fw-la quasi_fw-la maris_fw-la accessoria_fw-la by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n all_o these_o thing_n be_v common_a run_v water_n the_o aër_fw-la and_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o shore_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o accessory_n or_o dependent_n of_o the_o sea_n also_o aedificia_fw-la si_fw-la in_o mari_fw-fr five_o in_fw-la litore_fw-la posita_fw-la fuerint_fw-la aedificantium_fw-la sunt_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la if_o building_n be_v raise_v in_o the_o sea_n or_o upon_o the_o shore_n they_o become_v they_o that_o build_v they_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o a_o little_a after_o jus_fw-la piscandi_fw-la omnibus_fw-la common_a est_fw-la in_o portu_fw-la &_o in_fw-la fluminibus_fw-la a_o right_a of_o fish_v be_v common_a to_o all_o in_o a_o haven_n and_o in_o rivers_n which_o we_o find_v likewise_o in_o purchas_n some_o other_o of_o our_o law-book_n of_o that_o age_n as_o a_o passage_n that_o fall_v from_o some_o writer_n of_o who_o i_o speak_v at_o large_a in_o the_o former_a book_n that_o be_v more_o affect_v than_o be_v meet_v with_o the_o word_n of_o ulpian_n and_o justinian_n in_o the_o general_a division_n of_o thing_n but_o these_o very_a man_n in_o other_o place_n show_v the_o custom_n of_o our_o country_n do_v sufficient_o admit_v the_o king_n dominion_n by_o sea_n for_o bracton_n himself_o afterward_o speak_v of_o they_o that_o by_o the_o king_n grace_n and_o favour_n 57_o quieti_fw-la sint_fw-la de_fw-la theolonio_n &_o consuetudinibus_fw-la dandis_fw-la per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la angliae_fw-la in_o terrâ_fw-la &_o mari_fw-fr &_o per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la tam_fw-la per_fw-la terram_fw-la quà m_fw-la per_fw-la mare_fw-la be_v exempt_v from_o pay_v toll_n and_o custom_n throughout_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o england_n in_o the_o land_n and_o in_o the_o sea_n and_o throughout_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n both_o by_o land_n and_o by_o sea_n and_o in_o the_o same_o king_n time_n a_o freedom_n from_o some_o payment_n be_v grant_v to_o the_o citizen_n of_o london_n 〈◊〉_d per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la tam_fw-la per_fw-la mare_fw-la quà m_fw-la per_fw-la terram_fw-la throughout_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n as_o well_o by_o sea_n as_o by_o land_n and_o so_o bracton_n when_o he_o return_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o custom_n of_o our_o country_n acknowledge_v that_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n belong_v to_o his_o king_n no_o less_o than_o the_o land_n and_o hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v also_o that_o inter_fw-la capitula_fw-la coronae_fw-la as_o they_o call_v they_o that_o be_v to_o say_v those_o article_n or_o chief_a head_n whereof_o enquiry_n be_v to_o be_v make_v according_a to_o the_o usual_a custom_n by_o judge_n delegated_a throughout_o england_n for_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o public_a peace_n we_o find_v this_o also_o de_fw-fr purpresturis_fw-la factis_fw-la super_fw-la dominum_fw-la regem_fw-la sive_fw-la in_o terrâ_fw-la sive_fw-la in_o mari_n etc._n etc._n of_o tenant_n pourpresture_n make_v upon_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n either_o on_o land_n or_o in_o the_o sea_n or_o in_o sweet_a water_n either_o within_o the_o liberty_n or_o without_o or_o in_o any_o other_o place_n whatsoëver_o and_o it_o be_v place_v among_o the_o article_n of_o this_o kind_n recite_v by_o a._n bracton_n himself_o and_o in_o the_o 20._o author_n of_o the_o book_n call_v fleta_n but_o in_o the_o language_n of_o the_o law_n we_o call_v those_o thing_n pourpresture_n whereby_o detriment_n be_v do_v to_o any_o public_a place_n belong_v to_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o crown_n as_o a_o public_a thoroughfare_n a_o river_n and_o the_o like_a so_o that_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o this_o ordinary_a article_n touch_v pourpresture_n in_o the_o general_a form_n of_o enquiry_n the_o dominion_n or_o ownership_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o king_n no_o less_o than_o of_o the_o land_n or_o of_o public_a road_n or_o thoroughfare_n and_o river_n agreeable_a hereto_o be_v that_o article_n about_o any_o kind_n of_o salt-water_n be_v enclose_v by_o any_o subject_n or_o possess_v in_o any_o other_o manner_n which_o in_o the_o ancient_a record_n of_o our_o court_n of_o admiralty_n be_v say_v to_o be_v do_v to_o the_o disherison_n of_o the_o king_n the_o word_n be_v there_o 33._o item_n soit_fw-fr enquis_fw-la de_fw-fr ceulx_fw-fr qui_fw-fr acrochent_fw-fr à _fw-fr eulx_fw-fr eaves_n salee_v en_fw-fr desheretison_fw-fr du_fw-fr roy._n and_o at_o this_o day_n enquiry_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v make_v about_o that_o business_n by_o authority_n of_o the_o high_a admiral_n robert_n belknap_n also_o a_o eminent_a judge_n in_o the_o time_n of_o richard_n the_o second_o 46._o say_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o king_n as_o a_o part_n of_o his_o english_a kingdom_n or_o of_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o crown_n his_o word_n in_o the_o norman_a tongue_n run_v thus_o le_fw-fr mere_a est_fw-fr del_fw-it ligeans_n del_o roy_n come_v de_fw-fr son_fw-fr corone_fw-fr d'_fw-fr d'angleterre_fw-fr he_o add_v to_o his_o word_n in_o a_o remarkable_a way_n as_o belong_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n or_o as_o belong_v
sea_n that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n never_o have_v prohibit_v navigation_n and_o fish_n in_o the_o irish_a sea_n between_o england_n and_o ireland_n as_o if_o they_o will_v have_v have_v it_o prove_v from_o thence_o that_o the_o dane_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v prohibit_v fish_v or_o navigation_n between_o island_n and_o norway_n because_o neither_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o have_v possess_v the_o shore_n only_a on_o both_o side_n by_o a_o equal_a right_n there_o be_v other_o particular_n also_o no_o less_o rash_o speak_v touch_v a_o community_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o we_o observe_v before_o concern_v navigation_n and_o fish_n in_o the_o norwegian_a sea_n i_o shall_v add_v more_o by_o and_o by_o but_o as_o it_o be_v ill_o do_v of_o those_o commissioner_n in_o that_o treaty_n to_o make_v use_n of_o a_o argument_n draw_v from_o a_o necessary_a community_n of_o the_o sea_n so_o there_o be_v no_o truth_n in_o that_o which_o they_o let_v fall_v concern_v the_o irish_a sea_n for_o we_o know_v that_o not_o only_o those_o petty_a potentate_n border_v near_o the_o sea_n heretofore_o that_o be_v in_o rebellion_n and_o have_v usurp_v the_o king_n right_o in_o many_o place_n of_o ireland_n do_v exact_a grievous_a tribute_n of_o foreiner_n for_o the_o very_a liberty_n of_o fish_v but_o also_o it_o be_v express_o provide_v by_o act_n of_o â—_o parliament_n that_o no_o foreiner_n shall_v fish_v in_o the_o irish_a sea_n without_o leave_v first_o obtain_v to_o this_o purpose_n from_o the_o lord_n lieutenant_n or_o some_o other_o lawsul_n deputie_n or_o officer_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n yea_o and_o that_o all_o foreiner_n shall_v pay_v yearly_a for_o every_o fisherboat_n of_o xii_o ton_n or_o upward_o thirteen_o shilling_n and_o four_o penny_n and_o for_o every_o lesser_a vessel_n two_o shilling_n upon_o pain_n of_o forfeit_v their_o vessel_n furniture_n and_o all_o good_n whatsoëver_o if_o so_o they_o refuse_v this_o kind_n of_o payment_n or_o do_v not_o acknowledge_v this_o soveraignite_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o i_o shall_v insert_v the_o whole_a act_n touch_v this_o business_n that_o we_o may_v understand_v what_o be_v the_o most_o receive_a opinion_n of_o all_o the_o estate_n of_o ireland_n touch_v this_o right_a here_o of_o the_o king_n item_n at_o the_o request_n of_o the_o commons_o that_o where_o divers_a vessel_n of_o other_o land_n from_o one_o day_n to_o other_o go_v to_o fish_n among_o the_o king_n irish_a enemy_n in_o divers_a part_n of_o this_o say_a land_n by_o which_o the_o king_n say_v enemy_n be_v great_o advance_v and_o strengthen_v aswell_o in_o vitualle_n harney_n armour_n as_o dyver_n other_o necessary_n also_o great_a tribute_n of_o money_n give_v by_o every_o of_o the_o say_a vessel_n to_o the_o say_a enemy_n from_o day_n to_o day_n to_o the_o great_a augmentation_n of_o their_o power_n and_o force_v against_o the_o king_n honour_n and_o wealth_n and_o utter_a destruction_n of_o this_o say_a land_n thereupon_o the_o premise_n consider_v it_o be_v enact_v and_o ordain_v by_o authority_n of_o the_o say_a parliament_n that_o no_o manner_n vessel_n of_o other_o land_n shall_v be_v no_o time_n nor_o season_n of_o the_o year_n from_o henceforth_o from_o the_o feast_n of_o the_o nativity_n of_o our_o lord_n jesus_n christ_n next_o come_v go_v in_o no_o part_n of_o the_o say_a land_n betwixt_o the_o say_a irish_a enemy_n to_o no_o manner_n fish_v without_o one_o special_a licence_n of_o the_o lieutenant_n his_o deputy_n or_o justice_n of_o the_o land_n for_o the_o time_n be_v or_o licence_n of_o another_o person_n have_v the_o king_n power_n to_o grant_v such_o licence_n upon_o pain_n of_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o ship_n and_o good_n to_o the_o king_n and_o that_o whatsoever_o person_n or_o person_n that_o find_v or_o impeche_n any_o of_o the_o say_a vessel_n rumpant_n or_o forfaites_n against_o this_o act_n by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o same_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o they_o so_o make_v any_o claim_n in_o behalf_n of_o the_o king_n and_o approve_v the_o say_a forfayture_n by_o any_o of_o the_o say_a vessel_n to_o be_v make_v that_o the_o king_n shall_v have_v the_o one_o moitye_n of_o the_o say_a forfeiture_n and_o the_o say_a person_n or_o person_n shall_v have_v the_o other_a without_o any_o impechment_n and_o that_o all_o manner_n vessel_n of_o other_o land_n come_v in_o the_o say_a land_n of_o ireland_n a_o fish_n be_v of_o the_o burden_n of_o twelve_o ton_n or_o less_o have_v one_o drover_n or_o boat_n everye_o of_o they_o to_o pay_v for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o king_n war_n there_o xiii_o s._n iiii_o d._n by_o the_o year_n and_o all_o other_o small_a vessel_n as_o scarf_n or_o boat_n not_o have_v drover_n nor_o light_a being_n within_o the_o say_a burden_n of_o twelve_o run_v every_o of_o they_o shall_v pay_v twoe_o shilling_n go_n a_o fish_n in_o the_o like_a manner_n provide_v always_o that_o no_o vessel_n fysh_v in_o the_o north_n part_n of_o wicklo_n be_v charge_v by_o reason_n of_o this_o art_n and_o that_o the_o lieutenant_n his_o deputy_n or_o justice_n of_o the_o land_n for_o the_o time_n be_v shall_v have_v the_o foresay_a sum_n and_o duty_n of_o money_n so_o pay_v to_o be_v employ_v in_o the_o king_n war_n for_o the_o defente_fw-mi of_o the_o say_a land_n and_o that_o the_o customer_n and_o collector_n of_o the_o same_o sum_n shall_v account_n before_o the_o say_a justice_n lieutenant_z or_o deputy_n for_o the_o time_n be_v or_o such_o auditor_n that_o shall_v be_v for_o the_o same_o appoint_v by_o the_o king_n or_o they_o and_o not_o before_o the_o baron_n of_o th'exchequer_n in_o the_o say_a land_n and_o that_o none_o of_o the_o say_a vessel_n so_o come_v from_o other_o part_n in_o the_o say_a land_n shall_v not_o depart_v out_o of_o the_o say_a land_n till_o every_o of_o they_o pay_v their_o say_a duty_n upon_o pain_n of_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o vessel_n and_o good_n to_o the_o king_n there_o be_v some_o also_o who_o affirm_v that_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n 189._o obtain_v leave_v by_o request_n from_o our_o queen_n marie_n for_o xxi_o year_n to_o fish_v in_o the_o more_o northerly_a part_n of_o the_o irish_a sea_n and_o that_o thereupon_o a_o revenue_n of_o one_o thousand_o pound_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la be_v advance_v to_o the_o exchequer_n in_o ireland_n a_o proclamation_n also_o be_v set_v forth_o by_o martii_fw-la james_n king_n of_o great_a britain_n prohibit_v any_o foreiner_n without_o leave_v first_o obtain_v to_o fish_v in_o this_o irish_a sea_n but_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v that_o controversy_n about_o the_o isle_n of_o man_n although_o it_o be_v remember_v by_o giraldus_n who_o write_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o nevertheless_o it_o be_v to_o be_v conceive_v that_o it_o arise_v in_o the_o more_o ancient_a time_n of_o the_o english-saxons_a when_o all_o that_o lie_v betwixt_o england_n and_o ireland_n be_v in_o subjection_n either_o to_o the_o king_n of_o ireland_n or_o britain_n that_o be_v when_o both_o of_o they_o have_v in_o this_o sea_n distinct_a territory_n of_o their_o own_o who_o bound_n be_v in_o question_n certain_a it_o be_v as_o 9_o beda_n write_v that_o edwin_n the_o most_o potent_a king_n of_o the_o nortbumbrians_n or_o rather_o of_o all_o the_o english-saxons_a subdue_v the_o mevanian_a isle_n to_o the_o dominion_n of_o england_n about_o the_o year_n dcxxx_o that_o be_v to_o say_v both_o that_o mevanian_n which_o we_o call_v anglesey_n &_o the_o other_o also_o which_o be_v man_n whereof_o we_o discourse_v but_o in_o the_o late_a time_n of_o the_o anglo-saxon_n empire_n the_o norwegian_n or_o dane_n who_o exceed_o infest_a both_o this_o and_o the_o north-east_n sea_n with_o very_o frequent_a robbery_n at_o length_n seize_v both_o this_o isle_n and_o the_o hebrides_n and_o hold_v they_o almost_o two_o hundred_o year_n so_o that_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n this_o of_o man_n can_v not_o in_o a_o civil_a sens_fw-fr be_v ascribe_v either_o to_o ireland_n or_o britain_n but_o that_o the_o king_n thereof_o be_v at_o that_o time_n lord_n as_o well_o of_o the_o neighbour_a sea_n as_o of_o the_o isle_n may_v be_v collect_v out_o of_o their_o annal_n where_o we_o find_v that_o godred_a who_o surname_n be_v crovan_n king_n of_o man_n in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n mlxvi_o bring_v dublin_n and_o a_o great_a part_n of_o laynster_n â—40_n under_o his_o subjection_n and_o so_o thorough_o subdue_v the_o scot_n that_o no_o man_n who_o build_v a_o ship_n dare_v drive_v in_o more_o than_o three_o nail_n so_o that_o he_o give_v both_o limitation_n and_o law_n to_o the_o ship_n of_o his_o neighbour_n which_o be_v all_o one_o as_o to_o enjoy_v the_o very_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o i_o have_v show_v in_o
come_v the_o hollander_n shall_v keep_v at_o least_o fourscore_o mile_n distance_n from_o the_o coast_n of_o scotland_n and_o if_o by_o accident_n they_o be_v drive_v near_o through_o violence_n of_o weather_n they_o pay_v a_o certain_a tribute_n at_o the_o port_n of_o aberdene_n before_o their_o return_n where_o there_o be_v a_o castle_n build_v and_o fortify_v for_o this_o and_o other_o occasion_n and_o this_o be_v due_o and_o real_o pay_v still_o by_o the_o hollander_n within_o the_o memory_n of_o our_o father_n until_o that_o by_o frequent_a dissension_n at_o home_n this_o tribute_n with_o very_a many_o other_o right_n and_o commodity_n come_v to_o nothing_o partly_o through_o the_o negligence_n of_o governor_n and_o partly_o through_o the_o boldness_n of_o the_o hollander_n so_o you_o see_v how_o limit_n be_v by_o agreement_n prescribe_v heretofore_o in_o this_o sea_n to_o the_o fish_n of_o foreiner_n but_o the_o more_o northerly_a sea_n which_o lie_v against_o scotland_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o subjection_n heretofore_o to_o the_o norwegian_n and_o dane_n who_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o isle_n there_o so_o that_o the_o people_n of_o the_o orcades_n speak_v the_o gothish_a language_n to_o this_o day_n robertus_fw-la de_fw-fr 1197._o monte_fw-fr tell_v we_o we_o that_o he_o who_o be_v call_v king_n of_o the_o isle_n be_v possess_v of_o xxxii_o island_n in_o that_o sea_n above_o four_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o year_n ago_o pay_v such_o a_o tribute_n to_o the_o king_n of_o norway_n that_o at_o the_o succession_n of_o every_o new_a king_n the_o king_n of_o the_o isle_n present_v he_o ten_o mark_n in_o gold_n and_o make_v no_o other_o acknowledgement_n to_o he_o all_o his_o life_n long_o unless_o another_o king_n succeed_v again_o in_o norway_n and_o 11._o giraldus_n cambrensis_fw-la write_v of_o these_o thing_n say_v that_o in_o the_o northern_a sea_n beyond_o ulster_n and_o galloway_n there_o be_v several_a island_n to_o wit_n the_o orcades_n and_o inchades_n or_o leucades_n which_o some_o will_v have_v to_o be_v the_o hebrides_n and_o many_o other_o over_o most_o of_o which_o the_o norwegian_n have_v dominion_n and_o hold_v they_o in_o subjection_n for_o although_o they_o lie_v much_o near_o to_o other_o country_n yet_o that_o nation_n be_v more_o give_v to_o the_o sea_n usual_o prefer_v a_o piratic_a kind_n of_o life_n above_o any_o other_o so_o that_o all_o their_o expedition_n and_o war_n be_v perform_v by_o sea_n fight_n this_o he_o write_v in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o so_o that_o sometime_o those_o sea-appendants_a of_o the_o dominion_n of_o britain_n in_o the_o northern_a part_n be_v invade_v by_o foreiner_n hence_o also_o it_o be_v that_o 767._o ordericus_n vitalis_n speak_v of_o magnus_n the_o son_n of_o olaus_n king_n of_o norway_n say_v he_o have_v a_o great_a power_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o relate_n unto_o the_o time_n of_o william_n the_o second_o king_n of_o england_n the_o same_o ordericus_n also_o say_v that_o the_o orcades_n finland_n island_n also_o and_o groênland_n beyond_o which_o there_o be_v no_o other_o country_n northward_o and_o many_o other_o as_o far_o as_o gothland_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o norway_n and_o wealth_n be_v bring_v thither_o by_o ship_v from_o all_o part_n of_o the_o world_n so_o we_o have_v here_o a_o clear_a description_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o norwegian_n heretofore_o as_o well_o in_o this_o neighbour_a sea_n of_o scotland_n as_o in_o the_o more_o open_a but_o in_o after_o time_n when_o as_o by_o 388._o agreement_n make_v between_o alexander_n the_o three_o king_n of_o scot_n and_o magnus_n the_o four_o of_o norway_n as_o also_o between_o robert_n bruce_n king_n of_o scotland_n and_o haquin_n of_o norway_n it_o be_v conclude_v touch_v these_o isle_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v annex_v to_o the_o scotish_n dominion_n this_o can_v not_o be_v do_v but_o there_o must_v be_v a_o session_n also_o of_o that_o sea-dominion_n which_o border_v round_o upon_o the_o coast_n of_o norway_n yet_o the_o norwegian_a king_n possess_v it_o for_o the_o most_o part_n and_o afterward_o the_o dane_n by_o a_o union_n of_o the_o two_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n and_o norway_n until_o that_o christiern_n the_o first_o king_n of_o norway_n and_o denmark_n upon_o the_o marriage_n of_o his_o daughter_n margarite_n to_o james_n the_o three_o king_n of_o scotland_n make_v a_o 849._o absolute_a surrender_n of_o these_o island_n and_o in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n mcdlxx_o transfer_v all_o his_o right_a both_o in_o the_o isle_n of_o orcades_n and_o shetland_n and_o the_o rest_n lie_v in_o the_o hither_o part_n of_o the_o northern_a sea_n upon_o his_o son_n in_o law_n and_o his_o successor_n and_o as_o concern_v this_o business_n i_o shall_v here_o set_v down_o the_o word_n of_o joannes_n ferrerius_n who_o be_v indeed_o native_a of_o piedmont_n but_o supply_v with_o matter_n of_o history_n out_o of_o the_o record_n of_o scotland_n by_o henry_n sainclair_n bishop_n of_o ross._n moreover_o in_o the_o deucaledonian_n sea_n towards_o the_o north-east_n there_o be_v the_o isle_n of_o orcades_n seat_v next_o to_o the_o coast_n of_o scotland_n whereof_o only_o twenty_o eight_o be_v at_o this_o day_n inhabit_v and_o above_o a_o hundred_o mile_n beyond_o the_o orcades_n towards_o norway_n be_v the_o shetland_n isle_n in_o number_n eighteen_o which_o be_v at_o this_o day_n inhabit_v and_o in_o subjection_n to_o the_o king_n of_o scotland_n concern_v which_o there_o be_v a_o great_a quarrel_n in_o former_a age_n between_o the_o scot_n and_o dane_n yet_o the_o dane_n keep_v possession_n all_o these_o island_n do_v christiern_n king_n of_o denmark_n peaceable_o surrender_v together_o with_o his_o daughter_n in_o marriage_n to_o james_n king_n of_o scot_n until_o that_o either_o he_o himself_o or_o his_o posterity_n pay_v to_o the_o scotish_n king_n or_o his_o successor_n in_o lieu_n of_o her_o dowry_n the_o sum_n of_o fifty_o thousand_o rhenish_a florin_n which_o be_v never_o discharge_v to_o this_o day_n for_o so_o much_o i_o myself_o have_v see_v and_o read_v in_o the_o deed_n of_o marriage_n betwixt_o lady_n margarite_n daughter_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o james_n the_o three_o king_n of_o scotland_n draw_v up_o and_o fair_o sign_v with_o the_o seal_n of_o both_o kingdom_n anno_fw-la dom._n 1468._o etc._n etc._n but_o afterward_o when_o lady_n margarite_n be_v queen_n have_v be_v deliver_v of_o by'r_a elder_a son_n james_n prince_n of_o scotland_n the_o danish_a king_n willing_a to_o congratulate_v his_o daughter_n good_a delivery_n do_v for_o ever_o surrender_v his_o right_n in_o the_o island_n of_o the_o deucaledonian_n sea_n to_o wit_n the_o isle_n of_o orcades_n shecland_n and_o other_o which_o he_o deliver_v in_o pledge_n with_o his_o daughter_n upon_o her_o marriage_n to_o the_o scotish_n king_n i_o hear_v the_o deed_n of_o this_o surrender_n be_v keep_v among_o the_o record_n belong_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o scotland_n and_o so_o at_o length_n those_o isle_n and_o the_o dominion_n of_o this_o sea_n return_v to_o the_o king_n of_o scotland_n which_o they_o enjoy_v at_o this_o day_n the_o king_n of_o scotland_n have_v a_o pledge_n of_o dominion_n also_o in_o this_o sea_n that_o be_v to_o say_v tribute_n or_o custom_n impose_v upon_o fisherman_n for_o fish_v of_o which_o by_o the_o way_n you_o may_v read_v in_o their_o 54._o act_n of_o parliament_n touch_v that_o right_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n in_o the_o main_a and_o open_a sea_n of_o the_o north._n and_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o work_n chap._n xxxii_o concern_v that_o neighbour_a sea_n which_o be_v a_o territory_n belong_v to_o the_o scot_n i_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n but_o i_o must_v not_o omit_v to_o treat_v here_o of_o that_o sea_n which_o stretch_v itself_o to_o a_o very_a large_a extent_n towards_o the_o north_n wash_v the_o coast_n of_o friesland_n island_n and_o other_o isle_n also_o under_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n or_o of_o norway_n for_o even_o this_o sea_n also_o be_v asscribe_v by_o some_o to_o the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n albericus_fw-la gentilis_fw-la apply_v that_o of_o agriâ—ola_n tacitus_n the_o northern_a coast_n of_o britain_n have_v no_o land_n lie_v against_o they_o be_v wash_v by_o the_o main_a and_o open_a sea_n you_o see_v 8._o say_v he_o how_o far_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n extend'_v itself_o towards_o the_o south_n north_n and_o west_n as_o if_o almost_o all_o that_o which_o lie_v opposite_a to_o the_o isle_n of_o britain_n in_o the_o open_a sea_n be_v within_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n and_o concern_v the_o northern_a sea_n also_o which_o reach_v there_o to_o part_n unknown_a the_o very_a same_o
or_o singularity_n especial_o when_o it_o be_v beside_o most_o apparent_a that_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n do_v not_o only_o pretend_v to_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o sound_n but_o cause_v all_o such_o ship_n as_o pass_v through_o it_o to_o pay_v what_o toll_n he_o please_v the_o great_a turk_n prohibit'_v all_o nation_n save_v his_o own_o vassal_n to_o enter_v the_o black_a sea_n or_o pontus_n euxinus_n the_o like_a he_o do_v to_o the_o red_a sea_n which_o conte_v at_o the_o least_o 1200_o mile_n in_o length_n begin_v from_o the_o streit_n of_o babelmandel_n which_o give_v we_o entrance_n thereinto_o and_o end_v at_o the_o town_n of_o sue_v which_o be_v seat_v at_o the_o bottom_n thereof_o the_o king_n of_o portugal_n oppose_v to_o the_o utmost_a of_o his_o power_n any_o but_o his_o own_o subject_n to_o sail_v into_o the_o east-indies_n affirm_v those_o sea_n to_o be_v entire_o under_o his_o dominion_n as_o well_o by_o conquest_n as_o the_o pope_n donation_n insomuch_o as_o the_o small_a vessel_n even_o of_o the_o native_n of_o those_o part_n can_v sail_v from_o port_n to_o port_n without_o the_o passport_n of_o the_o viceroy_n of_o goa_n or_o of_o some_o other_o by_o he_o depute_v thereto_o style_v himself_o among_o other_o his_o title_n to_o be_v king_n of_o the_o conquest_n navigation_n and_o commerce_n or_o traffic_n of_o aethiopia_n arabia_n persia_n india_n etc._n etc._n which_o have_v be_v hitherto_o so_o punctual_o observe_v as_o no_o castilian_a or_o spaniard_n may_v at_o any_o time_n or_o for_o any_o occasion_n sail_n into_o the_o east-indies_n though_o both_o those_o nation_n be_v for_o many_o year_n together_o unite_v under_o one_o king_n second_o if_o the_o dominion_n of_o these_o sea_n dotrue_o and_o proper_o belong_v to_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o england_n as_o have_v be_v so_o sufficient_o clear_v and_o prove_v to_o the_o whole_a world_n by_o that_o learned_a book_n entitle_v mare_fw-la clausum_fw-la why_o may_v not_o or_o ought_v not_o the_o people_n of_o england_n by_o all_o lawful_a way_n procure_v that_o the_o dominion_n of_o these_o sea_n that_o so_o just_o apperte_v unto_o they_o may_v be_v secure_v from_o any_o force_n violence_n or_o opposition_n how_o great_a soever_o of_o their_o most_o powerful_a neighbour_n whenas_o we_o see_v the_o venetian_n to_o be_v so_o jealous_a in_o preservation_n of_o the_o title_n they_o pretend_v to_o their_o sea_n as_o rather_o than_o to_o suffer_v it_o to_o be_v in_o the_o least_o sort_n question_v they_o do_v upon_o all_o occasion_n oppose_v themselves_o by_o force_n or_o otherwise_o against_o the_o most_o potent_a prince_n of_o europe_n and_o asia_n vale._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d dominium_fw-la maris_fw-la or_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea._n after_o a_o long_a peace_n betwixt_o the_o progenitor_n of_o the_o emperor_n maximilian_n the_o first_o and_o the_o republic_n of_o venice_n in_o the_o year_n 1508_o there_o begin_v certain_a slight_a difference_n which_o conclude_v in_o a_o notable_a and_o most_o memorable_a war_n insomuch_o as_o the_o republic_n for_o 22_o year_n follow_v be_v with_o the_o say_a prince_n and_o with_o his_o posterity_n for_o divers_a respect_n sometime_o in_o war_n sometime_o in_o peace_n and_o sometime_o in_o truce_n until_o in_o the_o year_n 1529_o all_o difference_n betwixt_o they_o be_v compose_v and_o a_o peace_n conclude_v in_o bolonia_n which_o continue_v all_o that_o age_n with_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o together_o with_o his_o brother_n ferdinando_n king_n of_o hungary_n and_o archduke_n of_o austria_n but_o because_o by_o the_o division_n make_v betwixt_o the_o say_a brethren_n seven_o year_n before_o all_o the_o austrian_a land_n which_o confine_v with_o the_o venetian_n be_v lay_v by_o agreement_n unto_o the_o part_n which_o belong_v unto_o king_n ferdinand_n the_o confine_n of_o which_o as_o they_o have_v conjuncture_n with_o the_o land_n of_o the_o republic_n be_v very_o intricate_a and_o of_o great_a difficulty_n to_o conclude_v unto_o whether_o party_n they_o do_v belong_v as_o well_o for_o the_o public_a reason_n of_o the_o say_a prince_n as_o for_o those_o of_o their_o private_a subject_n to_o end_v all_o which_o in_o quiet_a it_o be_v agree_v that_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o arbitrarie_a tribunal_n erect_v in_o trent_n for_o the_o decide_n of_o these_o doubt_n which_o in_o the_o year_n 1535_o pronounce_v sentence_n whereby_o all_o the_o difference_n be_v more_o than_o a_o hundred_o be_v definitive_o conclude_v here_o notwithstanding_o the_o difficulty_n cease_v not_o because_o some_o do_v travers_n the_o execution_n of_o the_o sentence_n so_o as_o in_o progress_n of_o time_n new_a quarrel_n do_v arise_v from_o both_o side_n each_o one_o pretend_v new_a wrongâ—_n offer_v by_o the_o advers._fw-la party_n whereupon_o to_o put_v a_o end_n to_o all_o these_o difference_n there_o be_v by_o the_o common_a consent_n as_o well_o of_o ferdinando_n who_o succeed_v in_o the_o empire_n by_o the_o resignation_n of_o his_o brother_n as_o of_o the_o republic_n a_o convention_n appoint_v in_o friuli_n 1563_o of_o five_o commissary_n one_o procurator_n and_o three_o advocate_n for_o each_o part_n who_o shall_v treat_v of_o the_o difference_n as_o well_o old_a as_o new_a and_o shall_v have_v power_n to_o conclude_v they_o under_o the_o ratification_n of_o the_o several_a prince_n and_o this_o so_o great_a a_o number_n of_o judge_n be_v desire_v by_o the_o emperor_n the_o better_a to_o give_v satisfaction_n to_o his_o subject_n of_o several_a province_n interest_v in_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o imperial_a side_n the_o commissary_n be_v andrew_n preghel_n a_o baron_n of_o austria_n maximilian_n dorimbergh_n elenger_n de_fw-fr goritia_n stephen_n sourz_n and_o anthony_n statemberger_n the_o procurator_n be_v giacomo_n campana_n chancellor_n of_o goritia_n the_o doctor_n or_o advocate_n be_v andrea_n rapicio_fw-la gervasio_n alberto_n and_o giovan_n maria_n gratia_n dei_fw-la for_o the_o venetian_n the_o commissary_n be_v sebastian_z venier_n marino_n de_fw-fr cavalli_n pietro_n sanudo_n giovan_n baptista_n contarini_n and_o augustin_n barbarigo_n the_o procurator_n be_v giovan_n antonio_n a_o secretary_n the_o advocates_n marquardo_fw-it susanna_n francisco_n gratiano_n and_o giacomo_n chizzola_n at_o this_o convention_n the_o complaint_n on_o both_o side_n be_v open_v which_o be_v argue_v and_o the_o other_o public_a difference_n partly_o compose_v and_o partly_o decide_v there_o be_v take_v into_o consideration_n a_o petition_n of_o the_o imperial_a procurator_n in_o this_o form_n ejusden_n majestatis_fw-la nomine_fw-la requiritur_fw-la ut_fw-la posthac_fw-la illius_fw-la subditis_fw-la atque_fw-la aliis_fw-la in_o sinu_fw-la adriatico_n tutò_fw-la navigare_fw-la ac_fw-la negotiari_fw-la liceat_fw-la item_n ut_fw-la damna_fw-la tergestinis_fw-la mercatoribus_fw-la atque_fw-la aliis_fw-la illata_fw-la restituantur_fw-la it_o be_v require_v in_o the_o name_n of_o his_o majesty_n that_o hereafter_o it_o may_v be_v lawful_a for_o his_o subject_n and_o other_o to_o traffic_v and_o navigate_v safe_o in_o the_o adriatic_a gulf._n likewise_o that_o recompense_n be_v make_v for_o the_o damage_n sustain_v by_o the_o merchant_n of_o trieste_n and_o other_o and_o rapicio_fw-la the_o advocate_n do_v accompany_v this_o demand_n with_o say_v that_o this_o be_v not_o a_o cause_n to_o be_v handle_v with_o any_o subtlety_n it_o be_v a_o thing_n most_o notorious_a that_o navigation_n ought_v to_o be_v free_a notwithstanding_o the_o subject_n of_o his_o majesty_n have_v be_v constrain_v to_o go_v with_o their_o ship_n to_o venice_n and_o there_o to_o pay_v custom_n at_o which_o his_o majesty_n be_v aggrieve_v and_o make_v instance_n that_o it_o may_v be_v remedy_v to_o this_o chizzola_n advocate_n of_o the_o republic_n make_v answer_n say_v that_o it_o be_v a_o clear_a case_n indeed_o that_o navigation_n ought_v to_o be_v free_a but_o yet_o those_o thing_n whereat_o they_o be_v aggrieve_v be_v no_o way_n repugnant_a to_o this_o freedom_n forasmuch_o as_o in_o country_n which_o be_v most_o free_a those_o who_o have_v the_o dominion_n thereof_o receiv_a custom_n and_o order_n by_o which_o way_n all_o merchandise_n shall_v pass_v and_o therefore_o no_o body_n shall_v be_v grieve_v if_o the_o venetian_n for_o their_o own_o respect_n do_v use_v so_o to_o do_v in_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n which_o be_v under_o their_o dominion_n and_o he_o add_v that_o if_o they_o intend_v to_o dispute_v of_o the_o business_n in_o question_n he_o be_v to_o advertise_v they_o that_o this_o cause_n can_v not_o by_o any_o preten_v be_v bring_v into_o judgement_n at_o that_o convention_n which_o be_v only_o institute_v for_o the_o execution_n of_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v former_o sentence_v and_o for_o right_v of_o such_o new_a wrong_n which_o succeed_v after_o the_o sentence_n it_o be_v beside_o a_o thing_n most_o notorious_a that_o the_o republic_n as_o lord_n of_o the_o adriatiok_n sea_n do_v exercise_v that_o dominion_n at_o the_o present_a
unto_o they_o by_o god_n and_o therefore_o that_o those_o precept_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o that_o vast_a ocean_n as_o in_o the_o territory_n of_o israël_n the_o chief_a author_n of_o this_o opinion_n be_v a_o ancient_a and_o very_a famous_a interpreter_n of_o the_o law_n by_o name_n rabbi_n jehuda_n who_o also_o from_o the_o express_a word_n of_o the_o holy_a law_n abovementioned_a conclud'_v that_o the_o western_a ocean_n thus_o bound_v on_o both_o side_n be_v assign_v his_o doctrine_n be_v deliver_v after_o this_o manner_n as_o we_o find_v it_o in_o the_o most_o ancient_a digest_v of_o the_o jewish_a law_n 4._o whatsoëver_o lie_v direct_o opposite_a to_o the_o land_n of_o israël_n it_o be_v of_o the_o same_o account_n with_o the_o land_n of_o israël_n according_a as_o it_o be_v write_v 6._o as_o for_o your_o west-border_n let_v your_o border_n be_v or_o you_o shall_v have_v the_o great_a sea_n also_o let_v this_o be_v a_o border_n to_o you_o or_o your_o border_n to_o wit_n the_o border_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o of_o the_o west_n also_o the_o collateral_a island_n situate_v on_o both_o side_n in_o the_o same_o direct_a line_n fall_v under_o the_o same_o account_n with_o the_o side_n themselves_o so_o that_o if_o a_o line_n be_v draw_v from_o cephaloria_n through_o the_o isle_n to_o the_o main_a ocean_n and_o from_o the_o river_n of_o egypt_n to_o the_o ocean_n then_o that_o which_o be_v within_o the_o line_n be_v to_o be_v take_v for_o the_o territory_n of_o israël_n and_o that_o which_o lie_v without_o the_o line_n to_o be_v out_o of_o the_o dominion_n of_o israël_n the_o line_n draw_v from_o cephaloria_n be_v direct_v by_o the_o promontory_n of_o mount_n hor_n or_o amanus_n as_o be_v say_v before_o for_o that_o city_n be_v seat_v on_o the_o top_n of_o that_o mountain_n which_o be_v here_o the_o north-east_n border_n as_o it_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o gloss_n upon_o the_o place_n allege_v and_o in_o many_o other_o there_o also_o this_o opinion_n be_v thus_o explain_v according_a to_o this_o opinion_n of_o rabbi_n jehuda_n all_o that_o sea_n which_o lie_v opposite_a to_o the_o length_n of_o the_o land_n of_o israël_n even_o to_o the_o main_a ocean_n westward_o where_o the_o world_n it_o be_v self_n be_v bound_v be_v to_o be_v reckon_v within_o the_o territory_n or_o dominion_n of_o israël_n even_o as_o it_o be_v write_v the_o great_a sea_n and_o your_o border_n the_o whole_a place_n we_o give_v you_o a_o little_a before_o out_o of_o number_n where_o be_v your_o border_n be_v add_v the_o more_o full_o and_o plain_o to_o intimate_v that_o the_o great_a and_o wide_a sea_n be_v contain_v also_o within_o its_o border_n and_o it_o follow_v we_o there_o thus_o between_o those_o little_a cord_n or_o line_n direct_v as_o we_o say_v on_o both_o side_n to_o the_o main_a sea_n there_o be_v island_n belong_v to_o the_o territory_n of_o israël_n the_o island_n and_o water_n have_v both_o the_o same_o law_n etc._n etc._n hence_o also_o the_o ordinary_a jewish_a gloss_n upon_o those_o word_n in_o number_n and_o you_o shall_v have_v the_o great_a sea_n say_v the_o isle_n that_o be_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o sea_n even_o they_o also_o be_v part_n of_o the_o bind_v or_o border_n but_o the_o jewish_a paraphrase_n be_v more_o plain_a there_o and_o let_v your_o border_n be_v the_o great_a sea_n that_o be_v the_o main_a ocean_n and_o its_o isle_n and_o city_n and_o ship_n with_o the_o principal_a water_n that_o be_v in_o it_o nor_o be_v it_o upon_o any_o other_o ground_n that_o 34._o rabbi_n aben-ezra_n 3._o rabbi_n bâ—chai_n and_o other_o conceive_v so_o great_a a_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n do_v belong_v to_o the_o israëlite_n by_o this_o assignation_n that_o they_o interpret_v the_o great_a sea_n also_o to_o reach_v through_o the_o sea_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v the_o spanish_a sea_n distant_a so_o many_o mile_n westward_o from_o the_o continent_n of_o israël_n in_o both_o the_o forename_a place_n the_o word_n be_v the_o great_a sea_n to_o wit_n the_o spanish_a and_o your_o border_n as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v say_v the_o great_a sea_n shall_v be_v your_o possession_n which_o of_o itself_o also_o be_v your_o border_n but_o in_o the_o mean_a while_o it_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v that_o the_o whole_a western_a ocean_n as_o far_o as_o the_o narrow_a channel_n of_o cadiz_n be_v by_o the_o arabian_n and_o so_o by_o the_o modern_a jew_n who_o be_v their_o disciple_n indifferent_o call_v the_o roman_a sea_n mare_n al-shem_a or_o the_o sea_n of_o damascus_n that_o be_v the_o syrian_a sea_n mare_n al-andalús_a or_o the_o spanish_a and_o last_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n the_o whole_a be_v denominate_v from_o the_o coast_n of_o some_o particular_a country_n as_o it_o may_v be_v clear_o collect_v both_o out_o of_o the_o nubian_n geographie_n as_o also_o out_o of_o the_o geographical_a abridgement_n of_o oxoniensi_fw-la abu_n elchasen_n hali_n a_o arabian_a but_o this_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o the_o name_n of_o the_o spanish_a sea_n have_v be_v use_v here_o by_o the_o rabbin_n not_o from_o such_o a_o promiscuous_a or_o common_a denomination_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o according_a to_o the_o explanation_n of_o such_o a_o ancient_a assignation_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o israël_n as_o we_o have_v mention_v and_o so_o this_o first_o opinion_n will_v have_v the_o whole_a western_a ocean_n as_o far_o as_o the_o strait_n of_o cadiz_n which_o the_o ancient_n think_v the_o utmost_a bind_v of_o the_o world_n to_o be_v reckon_v for_o that_o part_n of_o the_o territory_n of_o israël_n which_o be_v include_v within_o the_o line_n draw_v from_o the_o promontory_n of_o mount_n hor_n or_o amanus_n and_o the_o entrance_n of_o pelusium_n into_o the_o west_n but_o by_o the_o other_o opinion_n which_o seem_v much_o more_o agreeable_a to_o reason_n it_o be_v determine_v that_o the_o divine_a assignation_n of_o the_o territory_n of_o israël_n be_v comprehend_v indeed_o within_o more_o narrow_a bound_n of_o this_o sea_n but_o yet_o sea-room_n large_a enough_o so_o that_o according_a to_o this_o opinion_n the_o north_n and_o south-border_n do_v end_n at_o the_o very_a shore_n or_o at_o the_o utmost_a point_n of_o the_o say_a promontory_n north-east_n and_o at_o the_o entrance_n of_o pelusium_n towards_o the_o south_n not_o stretch_v any_o far_o into_o the_o west_n but_o indeed_o the_o autor_n of_o this_o opinion_n will_v have_v a_o straight_a line_n draw_v from_o that_o promontory_n to_o the_o entrance_n of_o pelusium_n to_o wit_n from_o the_o north-east_n into_o the_o south_n thereby_o to_o limit_v and_o bound_v the_o western_a part_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o israël_n so_o that_o what_o portion_n soëver_o either_o of_o the_o sea_n or_o the_o isle_n shall_v be_v comprehend_v within_o such_o a_o line_n or_o lie_v on_o the_o east_n side_n of_o it_o the_o whole_a be_v to_o be_v reckon_v a_o part_n of_o the_o territory_n of_o israël_n as_o well_o as_o any_o coast_n upon_o the_o continent_n or_o main_n land_n and_o so_o after_o this_o manner_n the_o aforesaid_a line_n include_v within_o the_o nook_n and_o wind_n of_o the_o shore_n of_o that_o territory_n possess_v by_o the_o tribe_n of_o asher_n ephraim_n dan_n zabulon_n and_o simeon_n be_v situate_a before_o very_o large_a space_n of_o of_o the_o sea_n for_o above_o two_o hundred_o mile_n and_o suppose_v to_o be_v of_o the_o same_o account_n with_o the_o shore_n itself_o in_o the_o digest_v of_o the_o jewish_a law_n this_o opinion_n be_v explain_v thus_o 8._o that_o it_o may_v be_v know_v what_o come_v under_o the_o name_n of_o the_o territory_n of_o israël_n and_o what_o be_v to_o be_v reckon_v out_o of_o that_o territory_n as_o to_o the_o north-east_n and_o western_a bound_n whatsoëver_o be_v stretch_v forth_o on_o this_o side_n and_o within_o mount_n amanus_n be_v the_o territory_n of_o israël_n and_o that_o which_o be_v place_v beyond_o that_o mountain_n be_v without_o this_o territory_n and_o so_o by_o the_o same_o reason_n it_o be_v to_o be_v determine_v touch_v the_o isle_n of_o the_o sea_n that_o be_v seat_v over_o against_o that_o mountain_n let_v a_o small_a cord_n or_o line_n be_v draw_v over_o those_o island_n from_o mount_n amanus_n to_o the_o river_n of_o egypt_n that_o be_v contain_v within_o the_o line_n be_v the_o territory_n of_o israël_n but_o that_o which_o lie_v without_o the_o line_n be_v no_o part_n of_o that_o territory_n with_o this_o agree'_v that_o of_o ezekiel_n concern_v the_o sea-coast_n of_o the_o holy_a land_n after_o he_o have_v describe_v the_o south_n part_n which_o be_v near_o the_o sea_n 20._o the_o west_n side_n also_o shall_v be_v the_o great_a sea_n from_o the_o border_n till_o a_o man_n come_v over_o against_o hamath_n this_o be_v the_o west_n
the_o word_n appear_v sufficient_o ridiculous_a while_o they_o derive_v a_o syrian_a or_o phenician_a name_n from_o the_o greek_a fountain_n but_o the_o very_a thing_n which_o i_o suppose_v they_o will_v have_v be_v this_o that_o atergatis_n be_v queen_n or_o sovereign_a lady_n not_o only_o of_o syria_n or_o phenicia_n which_o be_v the_o sea-cost_n of_o syria_n but_o also_o of_o the_o sea_n lie_v before_o it_o in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a for_o any_o one_o to_o fish_v free_o therein_o at_o least_o not_o to_o enjoy_v the_o benefit_n of_o fish_v without_o her_o consent_n from_o whence_o it_o be_v a_o custom_n to_o consecrated_a fish_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n to_o she_o after_o she_o be_v place_v among_o â—he_n deity_n ix_o ninthly_o after_o the_o phoenicians_n the_o egyptians_n 1230._o possess_v the_o sea_n under_o their_o king_n psamnitis_n and_o bocchoris_n who_o live_v immediate_o before_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o olympiad_n mention_n be_v make_v of_o they_o also_o in_o marianus_n and_o florentius_n x._o in_o the_o ten_o place_n the_o milesian_n be_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o book_n of_o eusebius_n do_v not_o show_v the_o number_n of_o year_n but_o both_o in_o marianus_n and_o florentius_n we_o read_v that_o the_o milesian_n possess_v the_o sea_n xviii_o year_n stephanus_n concern_v city_n say_v naucratis_n a_o city_n of_o egypt_n be_v build_v 〈◊〉_d by_o the_o milesian_n then_o possess_v the_o sea_n and_o eusebius_n also_o mention_n the_o build_n of_o that_o city_n together_o with_o their_o dominion_n at_o sea_n about_o the_o time_n of_o romulus_n in_o like_a manner_n they_o build_v sinope_n seat_v by_o the_o euxine_a sea_n which_o as_o strabo_n say_v 12._o command_v that_o sea_n which_o flow'_v within_o the_o cyanean_a island_n xi_o eleventhly_o the_o 1281._o carian_o possess_v the_o sea_n their_o sea_n dominion_n be_v remember_v by_o 5._o diodorus_n siculus_n it_o be_v about_o the_o time_n of_o hezekiah_n xii_o twelfthly_o and_o next_o to_o the_o carian_o the_o lesbian_o hold_v the_o sea_n in_o possession_n 1341._o lxix_o year_n so_o it_o be_v in_o the_o latin_a of_o eusebius_n but_o marianus_n render_v it_o lviii_o year_n xiii_o thirtenth_o the_o phocean_n possess_v the_o sea_n about_o the_o captivity_n of_o babylon_n their_o dominion_n last_v xliv_o year_n so_o say_v the_o greek_a of_o eusebius_n 42._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o phocean_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n xliv_o year_n before_o which_o word_n the_o number_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o of_o twelve_o be_v prefix_v whereby_o it_o be_v signify_v that_o they_o be_v the_o twelve_o after_o the_o lydian_n and_o the_o thirteen_o from_o minos_n fourteen_o fourteenthly_o the_o corinthian_n be_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n i_o do_v not_o find_v that_o they_o be_v thus_o rank_v but_o it_o appear_v clear_o out_o of_o 1._o thucydides_n that_o they_o be_v very_o potent_a be_v sea_n and_o do_v so_o repress_v piracy_n by_o their_o strength_n in_o ship_v that_o they_o gain_v themselves_o a_o very_a large_a command_n by_o sea_n as_o well_o as_o by_o land_n the_o same_o author_n also_o mention's_n their_o extraordinary_a industry_n in_o restore_v the_o affair_n of_o navigation_n nor_o do_v time_n gainsay_v but_o that_o we_o may_v well_o place_v they_o here_o as_o also_o the_o iönians_n next_o but_o we_o do_v not_o as_o yet_o find_v that_o these_o fourteen_o and_o the_o fifteen_o be_v receive_v by_o writer_n into_o the_o catalogue_n of_o those_o who_o have_v thus_o hold_v the_o sea_n in_o possession_n xv._o fifteenth_o the_o iönians_n be_v neighbour_a lord_n of_o the_o sea_n concern_v they_o thucydides_n say_v citato_fw-la a_o good_a while_n after_o to_o wit_n after_o the_o power_n of_o the_o corinthian_n by_o sea_n the_o power_n and_o interest_n of_o navigation_n be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o iönians_n in_o the_o time_n of_o cyrus_n the_o first_o king_n of_o the_o persian_n and_o of_o his_o son_n cambyses_n and_o 〈◊〉_d contend_v also_o with_o cyrus_n they_o enjoy_v their_o own_o sea_n for_o some_o time_n where_o the_o old_a scholiast_n add'_v by_o way_n of_o observation_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o neighbour_a sea_n but_o not_o all_o xvi_o sixteenth_o the_o naxian_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n eusebius_n say_v 43._o in_o the_o fifteen_o place_n the_o naxian_o possess_v the_o sea_n ten_o year_n about_o the_o time_n of_o cambyses_n it_o be_v speak_v of_o the_o naxian_o name_v from_o the_o island_n naxos_n which_o be_v one_o of_o the_o cyclades_n or_o isle_n in_o the_o archipelago_n xvii_o seventeenth_o the_o eretrian_o succeed_v into_o this_o sea-dominion_n eusebius_n when_o he_o speak_v of_o the_o naxian_o say_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n and_o after_o they_o the_o eretrian_o in_o the_o seventeen_o place_n hold_v it_o vii_o year_n eretria_n be_v heretofore_o a_o famous_a and_o wealthy_a city_n in_o the_o island_n of_o euboea_n xviii_o and_o last_o the_o last_o or_o eighteen_o lord_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o this_o catalogue_n be_v the_o people_n of_o aegina_n the_o latin_a of_o eusebius_n say_v 1058._o the_o people_n of_o aegina_n possess_v the_o sea_n xx_o year_n even_o until_o xerxes_n his_o passage_n which_o be_v note_v in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o the_o sixty_o seven_o olympiad_n but_o xerxes_n make_v his_o passage_n in_o the_o seventy_o five_o olympiad_n and_o in_o first_o year_n thereof_o therefore_o there_o pass_v xxviii_o year_n between_o but_o true_o joseph_n scaliger_n observe'_v here_o from_o this_o carelessness_n in_o count_v of_o year_n that_o those_o be_v mere_a trifling_n which_o be_v find_v in_o the_o latin_a and_o he_o say_v they_o be_v be_v discover_v by_o the_o greek_a wherein_o we_o read_v only_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o people_n of_o aegina_n hold_v possession_n of_o the_o sea_n x_o year_n which_o true_o we_o find_v as_o well_o in_o the_o former_a chronicle_n of_o eusebius_n as_o in_o his_o canon_n nor_o be_v it_o otherwise_o place_v then_o in_o the_o latin_a also_o 8._o strabo_n and_o 12._o aelianus_n make_v mention_n of_o their_o sea-dominion_n touch_v the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o lacedaemonian_n and_o athenian_n moreover_o also_o that_o it_o be_v acknowledge_v not_o only_o by_o the_o greek_n but_o also_o by_o the_o persian_n in_o a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n chap._n xi_o nor_o be_v those_o particular_n which_o be_v to_o be_v apply_v hither_o out_o of_o the_o east_n find_v only_o in_o the_o custom_n and_o sea-dominion_n of_o so_o many_o famous_a nation_n thus_o continue_v one_o after_o another_o the_o year_n of_o who_o empire_n have_v usual_o be_v reckon_v from_o their_o subdue_a the_o sea_n but_o in_o the_o custom_n of_o other_o also_o who_o true_o be_v more_o famous_a though_o they_o be_v not_o register_v any_o where_o in_o such_o a_o kind_n of_o catalogue_n it_o be_v write_v of_o polycrates_n that_o renown_a king_n of_o the_o samian_o who_o about_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o persian_a empire_n vanquish_v the_o lesbian_o and_o mâ—lesians_n in_o a_o sea_n fight_v that_o he_o so_o earnest_o aspire_v after_o a_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o sea_n that_o it_o be_v manifest_o acknowledge_v to_o be_v capable_a of_o dominion_n herodotuâ—_n say_v polycrates_n be_v the_o first_o of_o those_o that_o we_o have_v know_v who_o have_v a_o intent_n to_o acquire_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n unto_o himself_o except_o minos_n of_o crete_n and_o if_o there_o be_v any_o other_o that_o enjoy_v the_o sea_n before_o he_o he_o speak_v i_o suppose_v of_o king_n for_o those_o greek_n in_o who_o hand_n the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v as_o we_o before_o have_v show_v you_o so_o often_o change_v be_v common_o govern_v either_o by_o a_o popular_a or_o a_o aristocratical_a form_n of_o government_n nor_o can_v herodotus_n i_o think_v be_v more_o ignorant_a of_o their_o dominion_n then_o of_o king_n minos_n for_o he_o live_v after_o the_o forementioned_a dominion_n of_o the_o people_n of_o aegina_n be_v end_v or_o about_o the_o eighti_v olympiad_n therefore_o either_o he_o speak_v only_o of_o king_n or_o be_v extreme_o mistake_v about_o the_o eighti_v olympiad_n and_o the_o time_n follow_v unto_o the_o grecian_a monarchy_n those_o most_o renown_a people_n of_o greece_n not_o only_o the_o athenian_n but_o the_o lacedaemonian_n also_o do_v sometime_o enjoy_v a_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n flow_v about_o they_o demosthenes_n say_v of_o the_o lacedaemonian_n 14._o they_o have_v dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o whole_a land_n other_o also_o have_v testify_v as_o much_o concern_v the_o athenian_n either_o the_o same_o man_n or_o hegisippus_n in_o that_o oration_n touch_v levant_n halonesos_n make_v mention_n of_o philip_n k._n of_o macedon_n affect_v a_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n speak_v thus_o de_fw-fr praedonibus_fw-la aequum_fw-la esse_fw-la aït_fw-la philippus_n
&_o c_o concern_v pirate_n philip_n say_v it_o be_v meet_v that_o both_o he_o and_o you_o shall_v by_o common_a consent_n drive_v away_o such_o as_o offend_v upon_o the_o sea_n require_v no_o other_o thing_n than_o this_o that_o he_o may_v be_v put_v in_o command_n over_o the_o sea_n by_o you_o and_o that_o you_o will_v confess_v your_o selus_fw-la unable_a to_o defend_v and_o guard_v the_o sea_n which_o hitherto_o have_v be_v you_o without_o the_o help_n of_o philip._n they_o do_v also_o by_o league_n impose_v a_o certain_a size_n and_o proportion_n upon_o all_o sort_n of_o bottom_n both_o for_o quality_n and_o quantity_n which_o their_o neighbour_n shall_v have_v leave_v to_o use_v it_o be_v a_o article_n of_o the_o treaty_n make_v with_o the_o lacedaemonian_n 4._o that_o the_o lacedaemonian_n and_o their_o confederates_n may_v indeed_o use_v the_o sea_n but_o not_o sail_v in_o a_o long_a ship_n but_o any_o other_o kind_n of_o vessel_n which_o be_v row_v with_o oar_n shall_v not_o exceed_v the_o freight_n of_o five_o hundred_o talent_n that_o be_v to_o say_v not_o in_o a_o vessel_n with_o one_o range_n of_o oar_n much_o less_o in_o one_o of_o two_o or_o three_o range_n or_o other_o that_o be_v man_n of_o war_n but_o in_o vessel_n to_o be_v row_v nevertheless_o with_o certain_a pair_n of_o oar_n be_v vessel_n only_o for_o carriage_n and_o those_o small_a enough_o other_o passage_n of_o this_o kind_n there_o be_v in_o thucydides_n hereunto_o belong_v that_o of_o aemilius_n probus_n touch_v timotheus_n a_o famous_a captain_n of_o the_o athenian_n he_o bring_v corcyra_n say_v he_o under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o athenian_n and_o make_v the_o people_n of_o epirus_n the_o athamanian_o chaonian_o and_o all_o those_o nation_n which_o border_n upon_o that_o sea_n to_o be_v their_o confederate_n whereupon_o the_o lacedaemonian_n desist_v from_o long_a contention_n and_o of_o their_o own_o accord_n yield_v a_o pre-eminence_n of_o sea_n dominion_n to_o the_o athenian_n and_o settle_a peace_n upon_o this_o condition_n that_o the_o athenian_n shall_v be_v chief_a commander_n at_o sea_n which_o victory_n be_v receive_v with_o so_o much_o joy_n among_o the_o athenian_n that_o altar_n be_v then_o erect_v unto_o peace_n and_o a_o temple_n appoint_v for_o that_o goddess_n and_o demosthenes_n concern_v leptinem_fw-la archebius_n and_o heraclide_n who_o when_o they_o have_v deliver_v byzantium_n to_o thrasybulus_n they_o make_v you_o say_v he_o speak_v to_o the_o man_n of_o athens_n lord_n of_o the_o sea_n so_o that_o you_o may_v sell_v the_o ten_o to_o wit_n the_o custom_n of_o the_o merchandise_n of_o such_o merchant_n as_o shall_v trade_v in_o the_o hellespont_n which_o be_v note_v there_o by_o ulpianus_n the_o rhetorician_n from_o hence_o also_o cicero_n will_v have_v that_o barbarous_a decree_n of_o this_o nation_n to_o have_v have_v its_o rise_n concern_v the_o people_n of_o aegina_n sometime_o lord_n of_o the_o sea_n 2._o the_o athenian_n say_v he_o deal_v very_o cruel_o who_o pass_v a_o decree_n that_o the_o aeginetans_n who_o be_v powerful_a in_o ship_n shall_v have_v their_o thumb_n cut_v off_o to_o the_o end_n that_o they_o may_v not_o grow_v strong_a in_o ship_n hereafter_o or_o by_o force_n enter_v upon_o that_o sea_n then_o possess_v by_o the_o athenian_n for_o in_o some_o book_n we_o read_v quia_fw-la class_n valebant_fw-la because_o they_o grow_v strong_a in_o ship_n as_o it_o be_v note_v by_o carolus_n langius_n though_o it_o be_v conceive_v by_o 9_o aelian_a the_o decree_n be_v therefore_o make_v that_o they_o may_v not_o be_v able_a to_o use_v a_o spear_n and_o yet_o to_o handle_v oar_n this_o cruelty_n be_v detest_v by_o writer_n but_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o by_o this_o mean_v they_o be_v deprive_v of_o a_o free_a use_n of_o the_o sea_n nor_o be_v such_o a_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n approve_v only_o among_o those_o people_n of_o greece_n but_o also_o by_o the_o persian_n who_o at_o that_o time_n rule_v the_o east_n as_o appear_v in_o that_o notable_a league_n make_v after_o the_o victory_n at_o eurymedon_n for_o true_o cimon_n captain_n of_o the_o athenian_n have_v vanquish_v the_o naval_a force_n of_o artaxerxes_n longimanus_fw-la king_n of_o the_o persian_n which_o have_v infest_a the_o sea_n about_o the_o chelidonian_a island_n the_o king_n courage_n be_v so_o break_v that_o as_o vitâ_fw-la plutarch_n say_v and_o panathenaâ—câ_fw-la aristides_n almost_o the_o same_o he_o conclude_v that_o notable_a peace_n upon_o such_o term_n that_o he_o be_v to_o keep_v the_o distance_n of_o a_o hors-race_n from_o the_o greek_a sea_n and_o that_o he_o shall_v not_o have_v a_o ship_n build_v long_o or_o beak_v within_o the_o cyanean_a and_o chelidonian_a island_n so_o that_o the_o king_n be_v to_o keep_v out_o of_o every_o part_n of_o the_o aegean_a rhodian_a carpathian_n and_o lydian_a sea_n and_o that_o which_o bend'_v thence_o into_o the_o west_n towards_o athens_n because_o the_o athenian_n be_v clear_o lord_n thereof_o for_o the_o greek_a which_o of_o old_a be_v call_v the_o carick_a 1._o sea_n spread_v its_o self_n to_o a_o very_a great_a latitude_n from_o caria_n or_o the_o shore_n of_o the_o western_a part_n of_o asia_n moreover_o subjection_n be_v impose_v upon_o the_o sea_n of_o pamphylia_n and_o lycia_n as_o also_o the_o euxin_n sea_n that_o no_o ship_n of_o the_o king_n be_v which_v shall_v be_v long-built_a or_o beak_v that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o man_n of_o war_n can_v according_o to_o the_o league_n be_v admit_v either_o in_o this_o beyond_o the_o cyanean_a or_o in_o that_o beyond_o the_o chelidonian_a island_n this_o certain_o be_v the_o very_a meaning_n of_o panathenaïco_n isocrates_n when_o make_v mention_n of_o the_o athenian_a dominion_n he_o say_v it_o be_v not_o lawful_a to_o sail_v in_o long_a ship_n or_o galley_n beyond_o phaselis_n for_o phaselis_n a_o town_n either_o of_o lycia_n or_o pamphylia_n be_v situate_a in_o the_o same_o direct_a line_n with_o the_o chelidonian_a island_n but_o suidas_n tell_v we_o we_o that_o castor_n rhodius_n a_o ancient_a writer_n have_v compile_v a_o history_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o such_o as_o have_v enjoy_v a_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n alii_fw-la learned_a man_n be_v upon_o very_o good_a ground_n of_o opinion_n that_o those_o lord_n of_o the_o sea_n reckon_v up_o in_o the_o former_a chapter_n be_v take_v by_o julius_n africanus_n and_o eusebius_n out_o of_o that_o author_n it_o be_v almost_o out_o of_o question_n too_o that_o he_o add_v the_o sovereignty_n both_o of_o the_o athenian_n and_o lacedaemonian_n by_o sea_n castor_n live_v about_o the_o time_n of_o augustus_n caesar._n that_o work_n of_o he_o be_v utter_o lose_v other_o testimony_n which_o be_v find_v scatter_v up_o and_o down_o touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o eastern_a nation_n chap._n xii_o moreover_o very_o many_o thing_n be_v find_v scatter_v up_o and_o down_o in_o those_o write_n that_o concern_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o eastern_a nation_n which_o clear_o prove_v it_o to_o have_v be_v a_o most_o receive_a opinion_n touch_v private_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n antiochus_n epiphanes_n king_n of_o syria_n say_v speak_v of_o the_o syrian_a sea_n sol_fw-la be_v not_o both_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o land_n i_o and_o xerxes_n that_o persian_a king_n when_o in_o a_o ridiculous_a humour_n he_o scourge_v the_o hellespont_n stigmatise_v it_o and_o cast_v a_o pair_n of_o fetter_n into_o the_o water_n say_v â—_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d thy_o lord_n inflict'_v this_o punishment_n upon_o thou_o also_o whereas_o agatharcides_n follow_v the_o story_n of_o boxus_fw-la the_o persian_a write_v that_o the_o red_a or_o erythraean_a sea_n be_v so_o call_v from_o king_n erythras_n or_o erythrus_n that_o be_v from_o edom_n border_v thereupon_o who_o also_o be_v 20._o esau_n and_o signify_v the_o same_o that_o erythrus_n or_o rubrus_fw-la do_v in_o hebrew_n he_o add'_v also_o this_o exposition_n do_v imply_v 250._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o man_n enjoy_v the_o dominion_n of_o that_o sea_n and_o true_o we_o read_v in_o 11._o philostratus_n that_o there_o be_v a_o old_a contract_n touch_v the_o red-sea_n which_o king_n erythras_n have_v contract_v when_o he_o have_v dominion_n over_o that_o sea_n that_o no_o egyptian_a ought_v to_o enter_v that_o sea_n in_o a_o long_a ship_n but_o to_o employ_v there_o only_o one_o of_o burden_n and_o 4._o quintus_fw-la curtius_n say_v of_o the_o city_n of_o tyre_n that_o be_v build_v by_o agenor_n she_o make_v not_o only_o the_o neighbour_a sea_n but_o what_o sea_n soëver_v she_o ship_n sail_v into_o to_o be_v of_o her_o dominion_n from_o whence_o also_o tyria_n maria_n tyrian_n sea_n become_v a_o maria._n proverb_n to_o signify_v a_o sea_n so_o possess_v that_o free_a passage_n can_v not_o be_v
have_v without_o leave_v of_o the_o lord_n or_o possessor_n there_o be_v also_o a_o very_a ancient_a custom_n use_v in_o the_o fast_a that_o when_o great_a king_n have_v design_n to_o bring_v any_o nation_n under_o their_o power_n command_v the_o pledge_n of_o empire_n and_o dominion_n to_o be_v deliver_v to_o they_o they_o be_v wont_a to_o demand_v water_n and_o earth_n together_o that_o be_v to_o say_v there_o quire_v they_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o bring_v earth_n and_o water_n and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o prepare_v earth_n and_o water_n they_o conceive_v that_o their_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o well_o as_o the_o land_n be_v signify_v by_o such_o a_o kind_n of_o pledge_n or_o token_n thus_o 4._o darius_n demand_v earth_n and_o water_n from_o indathyrsus_n king_n of_o the_o scythian_n thus_o 9_o xerxes_n from_o the_o lacedaemonian_n and_o thus_o both_o of_o they_o from_o the_o people_n of_o coos_n which_o be_v witness_v by_o the_o coan_n themselves_o in_o a_o public_a decree_n or_o epistle_n in_o answer_n to_o artaxerxes_n his_o most_o imperious_a demand_n that_o hypocrates_n shall_v be_v render_v up_o to_o he_o wherein_o the_o coan_n slight_v the_o threat_n of_o that_o great_a king_n decree_v that_o what_o hazard_n soêver_o they_o may_v seem_v to_o run_v hypocrates_n shall_v by_o no_o mean_n be_v render_v they_o add_v also_o to_o that_o decree_n 9_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n how_o that_o when_o his_o predecessor_n darius_n and_o xerxes_n have_v by_o their_o letter_n demand_v earth_n and_o water_n the_o people_n of_o coos_n do_v in_o no_o wise_n yield_v it_o forasmuch_o as_o they_o be_v satisfy_v that_o those_o who_o have_v send_v unto_o they_o be_v mortal_a as_o well_o as_o other_o man_n and_o in_o the_o greek_a copy_n of_o the_o history_n of_o judith_n nabuchodonosor_n be_v about_o to_o denounce_v war_n against_o the_o neighbor-nation_n say_v express_o the_o form_n of_o submission_n which_o he_o expect_v be_v gracâ—_n that_o they_o shall_v provide_v for_o he_o earth_n and_o water_n unless_o they_o conceiv_v themselves_o to_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o water_n as_o well_o as_o the_o land_n i_o do_v not_o well_o see_v wherefore_o they_o shall_v demand_v earth_n and_o water_n as_o token_n of_o universal_a dominion_n moreover_o also_o achme_n ben_n seirim_n a_o arabian_a write_v of_o the_o sea_n say_v that_o according_a to_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o indian_n persian_n and_o egyptian_n in_o expound_v of_o dream_n 178._o if_o any_o one_o in_o a_o dream_n seem_v to_o himself_o to_o be_v make_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n he_o shall_v be_v heir_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o shall_v reign_v add_v hereunto_o that_o oracle_n of_o delos_n concern_v the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o athenian_n the_o man_n of_o athens_n offer_v sacrifice_n in_o delos_n a_o boy_n that_o draw_v water_n to_o wash_v their_o hand_n pour_v fish_n out_o of_o the_o pot_n together_o with_o the_o water_n hereupon_o this_o oracle_n be_v deliver_v by_o the_o priest_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o they_o shall_v become_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o author_n be_v one_o semus_n a_o ancient_a writer_n in_o 8._o athenaeus_n where_o phylarchus_n also_o relate_n how_o that_o when_o patroclus_n a_o captain_n of_o ptolemy_n the_o son_n of_o lagus_n have_v send_v fish_n and_o fresh_a fig_n together_o unto_o king_n antigonus_n and_o those_o that_o stand_v by_o be_v in_o doubt_n what_o be_v mean_v by_o that_o present_a antigonus_z say_v he_o himself_o very_o well_o apprehend_v what_o may_v be_v the_o meaning_n of_o patroclus_n for_o say_v he_o either_o patroclus_n mean_n 〈◊〉_d that_o we_o must_v get_v the_o sovereignty_n or_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o else_o gnaw_v figs._n or_o that_o he_o must_v seem_v slothful_a and_o effeminate_a or_o become_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n therefore_o he_o make_v no_o doubt_n touch_v private_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o there_o also_o the_o glutton_n in_o antiphanes_n the_o comedian_n say_v it_o be_v neither_o profitable_a for_o life_n nor_o to_o be_v endure_v that_o some_o of_o you_o shall_v claim_v the_o sea_n as_o peculiar_a to_o themselves_o and_o spend_v much_o money_n upon_o it_o but_o no_o victual_n for_o navigation_n not_o so_o much_o as_o a_o bit_n add_v also_o that_o of_o theocritus_n touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o ptolomeus_n philadelphus_n king_n of_o egypt_n over_o the_o sea_n as_o well_o as_o the_o land_n 17._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d he_o be_v lord_n of_o much_o land_n and_o also_o of_o much_o sea_n and_o a_o little_a after_o he_o speak_v of_o the_o pamphilian_a lycian_a and_o the_o inner_a part_n of_o the_o remain_a sea_n that_o the_o whole_a sea_n and_o land_n and_o river_n be_v subject_a to_o king_n ptolemy_n also_o noe._n philo_n judeus_fw-la say_v let_v not_o prince_n glory_n in_o that_o they_o have_v conquer_v many_o nation_n or_o that_o they_o have_v bring_v all_o the_o river_n and_o sea_n so_o exceed_v vast_a both_o in_o number_n and_o magnitude_n under_o their_o power_n moreover_o though_o isocrates_n in_o his_o oration_n concern_v peace_n seem_v to_o hint_n that_o the_o sea-dominion_n and_o sovereignty_n which_o the_o athenian_n endeavour_v to_o maintain_v bring_v many_o mischief_n upon_o they_o and_o also_o that_o it_o sometime_o occasion_v they_o to_o use_v tyranny_n against_o the_o neighbor-city_n of_o greece_n yet_o he_o dispute_n it_n as_o a_o thing_n that_o may_v come_v into_o examination_n under_o the_o account_n of_o profitable_a and_o unprofitable_a and_o by_o accident_n of_o unjust_a but_o he_o do_v not_o in_o any_o wise_a endeavour_n to_o prove_v it_o unjust_a from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n itself_o yea_o in_o another_o place_n he_o sufficient_o commend'_v that_o dominion_n though_o not_o all_o thing_n in_o preserve_v it_o and_o the_o same_o panathenaïco_n author_n say_v express_o of_o both_o city_n the_o lacedaemonian_a and_o athenian_a it_o happen_v that_o both_o city_n do_v enjoy_v a_o command_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o when_o either_o of_o they_o hold_v they_o have_v most_o of_o the_o other_o city_n obedient_a thereto_o we_o read_v also_o a_o dispute_n in_o aristotle_n 〈◊〉_d concern_v a_o communion_n or_o common_a enjoyment_n of_o the_o sea_n to_o wit_n whether_o it_o may_v be_v convenient_a or_o not_o for_o a_o well_o order_v city_n whether_o it_o be_v better_a it_o shall_v remain_v common_a to_o all_o man_n so_o that_o no_o man_n may_v in_o any_o wise_a be_v deny_v passage_n traffic_n merchandise_n and_o fish_v or_o that_o the_o use_n of_o it_o may_v be_v so_o restrain_v that_o it_o may_v be_v receive_v into_o the_o dominion_n of_o any_o city_n so_o as_o to_o exclude_v foreigner_n he_o dispute_n this_o point_n whether_o it_o be_v profitable_a or_o unprofitable_a but_o question_n be_v it_o not_o at_o all_o as_o unjust_a have_v be_v abundant_o instruct_v out_o of_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o nation_n round_o about_o touch_v a_o propriety_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o well_o as_o the_o land_n also_o his_o scholar_n alexander_n the_o macedonian_a be_v victorious_a in_o the_o east_n prepare_v for_o a_o expedition_n against_o europe_n that_o he_o may_v become_v lord_n of_o the_o whole_a land_n and_o sea_n as_o say_v the_o emperor_n encomio_fw-la julian_n and_o true_o among_o the_o people_n of_o greece_n especial_o such_o as_o border_v upon_o the_o sea_n and_o other_o of_o that_o nature_n in_o the_o east_n to_o hold_v supreme_a power_n and_o sovereignty_n above_o other_o and_o to_o enjoy_v a_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v acoount_v almost_o one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n nor_o do_v they_o conceiv_v that_o can_v be_v obtain_v without_o this_o from_o whence_o arise_v that_o council_n of_o themistocles_n which_o pompey_n the_o great_a also_o follow_v at_o rome_n themistocle_n qui_fw-la mare_fw-la teneat_fw-la eum_fw-la necesse_fw-la esse_fw-la rerum_fw-la potiri_fw-la etc._n etc._n he_o which_o can_v possess_v the_o sea_n must_v need_n be_v have_v command_n of_o all_o so_o also_o say_v jsaac_n 199._o casaubon_n upon_o polybius_n to_o have_v dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v express_v by_o the_o greek_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v whole_o and_o ever_o have_v be_v a_o great_a strengthen_n and_o as_o it_o be_v a_o pledge_n of_o extraordinary_a power_n therefore_o the_o old_a writer_n of_o chronicle_n among_o the_o grecian_n see_v before_o the_o institution_n of_o the_o olympiad_n there_o be_v no_o sovereign_a power_n of_o any_o people_n of_o greece_n in_o be_v upon_o who_o action_n a_o knowledge_n of_o time_n may_v be_v ground_v therefore_o among_o the_o other_o time_n that_o they_o make_v use_v of_o for_o the_o compute_v of_o time_n they_o omit_v not_o that_o particular_a but_o careful_o keep_v a_o account_n of_o those_o people_n who_o have_v once_o enjoy_v a_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o
of_o citizen_n for_o the_o conveniency_n of_o large_a fishpond_n bring_v the_o sea_n into_o their_o ground_n make_v it_o their_o own_o and_o become_v master_n thereof_o with_o as_o good_a a_o title_n as_o they_o have_v to_o their_o adjacent_a land_n there_o be_v say_v 1â—_n varro_n two_o kind_n of_o fishpond_n one_o of_o fresh_a the_o other_o of_o salt_n water_n the_o former_a sort_n be_v ordinary_a and_o little_a worth_n such_o as_o our_o country_n fishpond_n that_o be_v supply_v with_o water_n by_o little_a stream_n but_o those_o saltwater-pond_n be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o nobleman_n and_o be_v supply_v by_o the_o sea_n as_o well_o with_o fish_n as_o water_n yet_o they_o yield_v more_o delight_n than_o profit_n the_o fill_n of_o those_o pond_n be_v common_o the_o drain_n of_o the_o owner_n purse_n now_o what_o be_v this_o but_o to_o become_v proprietary_n of_o the_o sea_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o be_v derive_v or_o enclose_v in_o their_o possession_n and_o 1â—_n columella_n who_o live_v in_o the_o time_n of_o claudius_n relate_n that_o the_o roman_n in_o ancient_a time_n for_o the_o most_o part_n use_v none_o but_o inland_n fishpond_n store_v they_o with_o spawner_n of_o the_o large_a size_n present_o add_v not_o long_o after_o that_o good_a husbandry_n be_v lay_v aside_o when_o the_o wealth_n and_o luxury_n of_o the_o succeed_a age_n make_v enclosure_n of_o the_o ocean_n and_o sea_n themselves_o and_o the_o yearly_a revenue_n of_o such_o demain_v which_o border_v upon_o the_o sea_n be_v advance_v by_o those_o pond_n or_o enclosure_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o well_o as_o by_o any_o land_n lake_n or_o vineyard_n appertain_v thereunto_o the_o same_o columella_n discourse_v hereupon_o have_v this_o passage_n but_o see_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o time_n have_v so_o far_o prevail_v that_o these_o thing_n be_v not_o only_o in_o use_n but_o have_v get_v the_o reputation_n of_o magnificent_a and_o noble_a contrivance_n we_o also_o lest_o we_o shall_v seem_v morose_n and_o importune_a reprover_n of_o so_o long_a and_o settle_v a_o practice_n will_v show_v what_o profit_n may_v redound_v from_o they_o to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o manor_n how_o he_o may_v raise_v a_o incom_a by_o the_o sea_n if_o have_v make_v a_o purchase_n of_o island_n or_o land_n border_v upon_o the_o sea_n he_o can_v reap_v the_o fruit_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o reason_n of_o that_o barrenness_n of_o the_o soil_n which_o usual_o be_v near_o the_o shore_n so_o that_o we_o see_v the_o revenue_n of_o a_o manor_n be_v improve_v by_o manage_v the_o sea_n as_o well_o as_o land_n and_o the_o possessor_n be_v count_v lord_n of_o the_o one_o no_o more_o than_o of_o the_o other_o this_o usual_a right_n of_o dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n be_v mention_v also_o by_o 3._o s_n t_o ambrose_n for_o the_o serve_n of_o their_o prodigious_a luxury_n say_v he_o the_o earth_n by_o dig_v of_o channel_n be_v force_v to_o admit_v the_o ocean_n for_o the_o make_n of_o artificial_a island_n and_o bring_v little_a sea_n into_o their_o own_o possession_n they_o challenge_v to_o themselves_o large_a portion_n of_o the_o sea_n by_o right_n and_o boast_v that_o the_o fish_n like_v so_o many_o bondslave_n have_v lose_v their_o former_a liberty_n and_o be_v subject_v to_o their_o service_n this_o creek_n of_o the_o sea_n say_v one_o belong_v to_o i_o that_o to_o another_o thus_o great_a man_n divide_v the_o element_n among_o themselves_o for_o example_n there_o be_v the_o fishpond_n of_o lucullus_n famous_a for_o his_o expensiveness_n in_o this_o kind_n he_o have_v make_v way_n through_o a_o mountain_n near_o naples_n enclose_v the_o sea_n and_o become_v master_n of_o those_o watercourse_n which_o lucullâ—_n plutarch_n call_v sea-course_n and_o chase_n for_o the_o breed_n of_o fish_n whereupon_o pompey_n the_o great_a in_o merriment_n say_v 2._o paterculus_n be_v wont_a to_o call_v lucullus_n the_o togatum_fw-la gown_a xerxes_n in_o regard_n that_o by_o damn_v up_o of_o channel_n and_o dig_v down_o mountain_n â—ee_o take_v the_o sea_n into_o the_o land_n the_o same_o lucullus_n say_v 54._o pliny_n dig_v down_o a_o mountain_n near_o naples_n at_o great_a charge_n than_o he_o build_v his_o villa_n take_v a_o arm_n of_o the_o sea_n into_o his_o manor_n which_o give_v occasion_n to_o pompey_n the_o great_a to_o call_v he_o the_o gown_a xerxes_n the_o same_o conceit_n in_o plutarch_n be_v attribute_v to_o tubero_n the_o stoic_a that_o concern_v xerxes_n be_v very_o famous_a 2._o hoc_fw-la terrae_fw-la fiat_fw-la hâc_fw-la mare_fw-la dixit_fw-la eat_v here_o run_v the_o sea_n he_o say_v there_o let_v firm_a land_n be_v make_v when_o he_o command_v the_o sea_n to_o be_v bring_v round_o about_o the_o mountain_n athos_n 30._o and_o valerius_n say_v of_o caius_n sergius_n orata_n that_o he_o may_v not_o have_v the_o serve_v of_o his_o palate_n depend_v upon_o the_o pleasure_n of_o neptune_n he_o contrive_v sea_n of_o his_o own_o intercept_n the_o wave_n with_o his_o trench_n and_o so_o enclose_v divers_a shoal_n of_o fish_n with_o dam_n that_o what_o tempestuous_a weather_n soëver_o happen_v orata_n table_n be_v never_o unfurnished_v with_o variety_n of_o dish_n the_o same_o liberty_n be_v use_v upon_o the_o formian_n shore_n by_o apollinaris_n of_o who_o fishpond_n martial_n 30._o speak_v si_fw-la quando_fw-la nereus_n sentit_fw-la aeoli_n regnum_fw-la ridet_fw-la procellas_fw-la tuta_fw-la de_fw-la svo_fw-la mensa_fw-la piscina_fw-la rhombum_fw-la pascit_fw-la &_o lupos_fw-la vernas_fw-la when_o wind_n do_v lord_n it_o over_o the_o sea_n &_o fright_v the_o fisher_n his_o table_n laugh_v at_o their_o spite_n by_o its_o own_o private_a store_n secure_v from_o need_n while_o captive_a pike_n and_o turbot_n fishpond_n breed_v all_o the_o variety_n of_o fish_n which_o the_o wide_a sea_n afford_v apollinaris_n have_v ready_a at_o hand_n in_o his_o fishpond_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o sea_n let_v in_o from_o the_o shore_n into_o his_o possession_n contracta_fw-la pisces_fw-la aequora_fw-la sentiunt_fw-la jactis_fw-la in_o altum_fw-la molibus_fw-la such_o dam_n be_v cast_v into_o the_o main_a the_o fish_n for_o want_v of_o room_n complain_v so_o say_v horace_n and_o in_o another_o place_n 24._o caementis_fw-la licèt_fw-la occupes_fw-la tyrrhenum_n omne_fw-la tuis_fw-la mare_fw-la ponticum_fw-la though_o thou_o thy_o wall_n do_v raise_v through_o all_o the_o tuscan_a and_o the_o pontic_a sea_n and_o say_v sallust_n catilinae_fw-la to_o what_o purpose_n shall_v i_o relate_v those_o thing_n which_o can_v seem_v credible_a to_o any_o but_o those_o who_o have_v be_v eie-witness_n how_o mountain_n have_v be_v remove_v by_o several_a private_a person_n and_o sea_n bring_v into_o their_o place_n of_o this_o sort_n be_v the_o fishpond_n of_o 3._o philippus_n hortensius_n and_o other_o all_o make_v by_o take_v in_o the_o sea_n moreover_o we_o find_v that_o sovereignty_n and_o dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n have_v be_v sometime_o confer_v by_o the_o patent_n of_o prince_n the_o emperor_n trajan_n when_o he_o endow_v the_o city_n of_o tharsus_n with_o immunity_n and_o privilege_n beside_o the_o territory_n of_o land_n lie_v about_o add_v also_o a_o grant_n of_o jurisdiction_n and_o dominion_n over_o the_o river_n cydnus_n and_o the_o adjacent_a sea_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o dion_n 34._o chrysostom_n and_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o the_o maritimate_a right_n of_o neocesarea_n 7._o which_o theodorus_n balsamon_n say_v be_v compile_v by_o the_o metropolitan_a of_o that_o city_n have_v respect_n unto_o the_o like_o original_a as_o also_o those_o privilege_n in_o the_o sea_n which_o the_o emperor_n comnenus_n grant_v to_o a_o great_a number_n of_o monastery_n according_a to_o the_o same_o author_n the_o ancient_a lawyer_n also_o be_v not_o silent_a as_o touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o particular_a person_n in_o the_o sea_n injuriis_fw-la paulus_n one_o of_o great_a note_n among_o they_o declare'_v himself_o express_o thus_o very_o whensoëver_o a_o propriety_n in_o some_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n belong_v to_o any_o person_n that_o person_n may_v sue_v out_o a_o interdict_v of_o uti_fw-la possidetis_fw-la in_o case_n he_o be_v â—indred_v from_o the_o exercise_n and_o enjoyment_n of_o his_o right_n because_o this_o matter_n concern_v a_o private_a not_o a_o public_a cause_n see_v the_o suit_n be_v commence_v for_o the_o enjoy_n of_o a_o right_n which_o arise_v not_o from_o a_o public_a but_o private_a title_n for_o interdict_v be_v proper_a to_o be_v use_v in_o private_a case_n not_o in_o public_a nothing_o can_v have_v be_v more_o plain_o speak_v to_o show_v that_o beyond_o all_o controversy_n he_o admit_n a_o private_a dominion_n in_o the_o sea_n even_o of_o single_a person_n yea_o ulpian_n himself_o who_o be_v so_o fond_o incline_v to_o favour_v the_o opinion_n of_o a_o perpetual_a community_n of_o the_o sea_n do_v sufficient_o
that_o in_o it_o which_o may_v seem_v to_o import_v that_o he_o call_v himself_o king_n of_o the_o ocean_n especial_o if_o you_o consider_v those_o word_n which_o we_o find_v sometime_o among_o german_a writer_n in_o the_o title_n of_o charles_n the_o five_o emperor_n and_o king_n of_o spain_n in_o the_o preface_n to_o the_o constitution_n concern_v public_a judicatories_n in_o the_o empire_n he_o be_v call_v king_n of_o the_o canary_n land_n also_o of_o the_o island_n of_o the_o indies_n and_o of_o the_o continent_n and_o of_o the_o ocean_n archduke_n of_o austria_n etc._n etc._n and_o in_o the_o imperial_a sanction_n publish_v in_o high_a dutch_a konig-und_a jnsulen_n canariae_fw-la auch_fw-ge der_fw-ge jnsulen_n indiarum_fw-la und_fw-ge terrae_fw-la firmae_fw-la des_fw-fr maer_n oceant_fw-la etc._n etc._n as_o you_o may_v meet_v with_o it_o at_o least_o six_o hundred_o time_n the_o word_n ocean_n be_v add_v as_o if_o he_o entitle_v himself_o king_n of_o the_o ocean_n but_o this_o be_v a_o mistake_n for_o the_o same_o in_o spanish_a be_v rey_n etc._n etc._n de_fw-la las_fw-fr islas_n y_fw-fr terra_fw-la firma_fw-la deal_v mar_v oceano_fw-la etc._n etc._n that_o be_v king_n of_o the_o island_n and_o of_o the_o terra_fw-la firma_fw-la of_o the_o ocean_n namely_o the_o island_n or_o continent_n of_o or_o lie_v in_o the_o ocean_n which_o pope_n 22._o alexander_n the_o six_o give_v to_o ferdinand_n the_o five_o king_n of_o spain_n all_o of_o they_o lie_v westward_o from_o the_o very_a first_o meridian_n of_o those_o he_o entitle_n himself_o king_n not_o of_o the_o ocean_n itself_o how_o far_o private_a dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n be_v admit_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n or_o opinion_n of_o the_o french_a chap._n xviii_o as_o concern_v dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o french_a some_o perhaps_o may_v seem_v to_o have_v meet_v with_o very_o ancient_a evidence_n thereof_o in_o those_o officer_n depute_v for_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o seacoast_n who_o we_o read_v of_o in_o the_o 5._o statute-book_n and_o in_o that_o rotlandus_n governor_n of_o the_o british_a that_o be_v the_o aremorican_a shore_n mention_v in_o the_o life_n of_o charlemaign_a by_o eginhartus_n a_o writer_n of_o that_o time_n but_o those_o dignity_n have_v relation_n not_o so_o much_o to_o the_o sea_n itself_o as_o to_o the_o shore_n and_o sea-coast_n or_o the_o border_n of_o the_o land_n confine_v with_o the_o sea_n notwithstanding_o that_o rotlandus_n be_v by_o the_o frenchman_n of_o this_o and_o the_o former_a age_n promiscuous_o style_v alii_fw-la governor_n both_o of_o the_o sea_n and_o shore_n as_o if_o there_o be_v no_o difference_n but_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v that_o prince_n heretofore_o upon_o the_o shore_n of_o aremorica_n or_o bretaign_n as_o the_o veneti_n bretaigne_n of_o who_o we_o speak_v before_o do_v upon_o the_o same_o shore_n impose_v custom_n upon_o ship_n as_o for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o road_n upon_o their_o coast_n and_o challenge_v to_o themselves_o other_o right_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n call_v nobilitates_fw-la super_fw-la navibus_fw-la so_o it_o be_v to_o be_v read_v in_o a_o ancient_a record_n make_v in_o the_o time_n of_o duke_n alanus_n in_o the_o year_n mlxxxvii_o concern_v precedence_n of_o place_n among_o the_o noble_n of_o bretaigne_n in_o that_o record_n the_o second_o place_n be_v assign_v to_o the_o viscount_n of_o s_o t_o pol_n de_fw-fr leon_n who_o as_o the_o very_a 13._o word_n of_o it_o be_v have_v very_o many_o of_o those_o custom_n call_v nobilitates_fw-la super_fw-la navibus_fw-la impose_v on_o such_o as_o pass_v the_o ocean_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o osismer_n or_o leon_n which_o as_o it_o be_v say_v budicius_n a_o ancient_a king_n of_o france_n bretaign_n do_v give_v and_o grant_v to_o one_o of_o his_o predecessor_n upon_o marriage_n in_o reward_n of_o the_o virtue_n fidelity_n and_o valour_n of_o that_o viscount_n but_o with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o prelate_n count_n baron_n and_o noble_n of_o bretaign_a what_o these_o nobilitates_fw-la be_v and_o whence_o they_o have_v their_o original_n be_v partly_o declare_v by_o bertrandus_fw-la argentraeus_fw-la sometime_o precedent_n of_o the_o province_n of_o renes_fw-la where_o he_o discourse_v also_o of_o the_o right_n of_o give_v pass_v port_n which_o they_o call_v bref_n the_o conduct_n at_o this_o time_n in_o use_n on_o that_o shore_n 44._o that_o say_v he_o whereas_o till_o then_o it_o have_v be_v a_o right_n peculiar_a to_o the_o prince_n be_v give_v by_o way_n of_o dowry_n to_o the_o baron_n of_o leon_n of_o which_o we_o have_v already_o speak_v out_o of_o the_o aforesaid_a record_n remain_v a_o hereditary_a and_o proper_a right_n to_o that_o family_n until_o joannes_n ruffus_n the_o duke_n redeem_v it_o for_o a_o vast_a sum_n of_o money_n of_o guynomarius_n baron_n of_o leon_n after_o that_o peter_n mauclerc_n of_o dreux_n duke_n of_o bretaign_n have_v in_o vain_a attempt_v to_o re_fw-mi assume_v it_o by_o force_n of_o arm_n it_o have_v its_o original_n they_o say_v upon_o this_o occasion_n when_o our_o prince_n and_o ancient_a king_n consider_v the_o daily_a shipwreck_n make_v upon_o that_o shore_n where_o there_o be_v many_o rock_n and_o but_o few_o havens_n they_o make_v a_o law_n that_o none_o shall_v set_v to_o sea_n without_o their_o leave_v such_o as_o do_v set_v out_o pay_v a_o certain_a rate_n have_v pass_n and_o guide_v appoint_v they_o that_o be_v well_o acquaint_v with_o the_o sea_n and_o shores_n they_o that_o refuse_v forfeit_v their_o ship_n with_o all_o their_o tackle_n and_o furniture_n thereof_o and_o if_o the_o ship_n be_v cast_v away_o their_o good_n also_o be_v confiscate_v they_o that_o have_v leave_v be_v in_o no_o danger_n of_o confiscation_n and_o if_o they_o suffer_v shipwreck_n have_v liberty_n to_o recover_v as_o many_o of_o their_o good_n as_o they_o can_v and_o these_o guide_n be_v pay_v their_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o conduct-money_n which_o we_o have_v mention_v elsewhere_o call_v by_o they_o droit_fw-fr de_fw-fr savage_n these_o ticket_n or_o pass_n be_v give_v out_o now_o as_o heretosore_n at_o a_o certain_a price_n and_o among_o other_o revenue_n of_o the_o exchequer_n they_o also_o be_v rent_v out_o to_o the_o farmer_n of_o the_o custom_n so_o far_a bertrandus_fw-la from_o who_o renatus_n 106._o choppinus_n borrow_v almost_o the_o very_a word_n but_o 51._o petrus_n berlordaeus_n advocate_n of_o the_o parliament_n of_o rein_n tell_v we_o we_o that_o the_o custom_n of_o take_v forfeiture_n in_o that_o manner_n of_o all_o shipwreck_v good_n be_v abolish_v there_o by_o a_o edict_n in_o the_o year_n mdlxxxiii_o but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n for_o so_o much_o as_o concern_v any_o part_n of_o that_o western_a sea_n lie_v next_o the_o shore_n these_o be_v manifest_a evidence_n either_o of_o dominion_n or_o of_o subjection_n in_o the_o sea_n which_o indeed_o sufficient_o prove_v by_o the_o custom_n of_o that_o people_n that_o the_o sea_n be_v capable_a of_o dominion_n moreover_o upon_o occasion_n of_o these_o pass_n there_o have_v be_v controversy_n raise_v sometime_o between_o the_o duke_n of_o bretaign_a and_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o certain_a cottoniana_n memorial_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o bretaign_a which_o have_v relation_n to_o the_o time_n of_o our_o richard_n the_o second_o and_z john_n the_o four_o duke_n of_o bretaign_n but_o this_o we_o know_v for_o certain_a that_o in_o the_o agreement_n make_v between_o our_o edward_n the_o four_o and_o francis_n the_o second_o duke_n of_o bretaign_n in_o the_o year_n mcccclxviii_n concern_v mutual_a traffic_n and_o free_a passage_n to_o and_o fro_o for_o the_o subject_n of_o each_o nation_n during_o a_o seqq_fw-la truce_n of_o thirty_o year_n there_o be_v a_o express_a proviso_n concern_v wreck_n but_o such_o a_o one_o as_o leave_v a_o equal_a right_n to_o both_o of_o they_o not_o altogether_o unlike_a that_o which_o for_o many_o age_n have_v be_v in_o use_n upon_o the_o english_a shore_n no_o mention_n at_o all_o be_v make_v in_o the_o article_n of_o the_o truce_n either_o of_o the_o right_n or_o use_v of_o these_o aforesaid_a pass_n as_o be_v a_o thing_n in_o no_o wise_a admit_v by_o the_o english_a but_o some_o modern_a lawyer_n among_o the_o french_a do_v vain_o affirm_v that_o their_o king_n be_v lord_n not_o only_o of_o a_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n neighbour_a upon_o the_o territory_n of_o bretaign_n but_o of_o the_o whole_a sea_n that_o be_v adjoin_v to_o any_o part_n of_o france_n and_o so_o of_o the_o british_a or_o english_a sea_n also_o by_o which_o very_a assertion_n of_o they_o they_o sufficient_o declare_v their_o judgement_n that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o sovereign_a over_o the_o sea_n the_o king_n say_v 1._o charondas_n caronaeus_n be_v supreme_a lord_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o flow_v about_o his_o
grant_n of_o the_o use_n of_o the_o northern_a or_o norwegian_a sea_n for_o a_o certain_a time_n to_o our_o merchant_n of_o the_o muscovie_n company_n in_o such_o a_o manner_n as_o if_o he_o have_v rent_v out_o any_o land_n whereof_o he_o stand_v full_o seize_v and_o possess_v he_o limit_v the_o grant_n also_o with_o such_o condition_n as_o he_o think_v fit_a the_o public_a instrument_n or_o record_n about_o this_o particular_a be_v cottoniano_n yet_o extant_a whereby_o the_o king_n have_v a_o annual_a tribute_n in_o recompense_n other_o merchant_n be_v exclude_v and_o the_o grant_v itself_o be_v to_o continue_v no_o long_o than_o the_o peace_n make_v between_o that_o king_n and_o the_o moscovit_fw-la we_o read_v also_o in_o the_o ancient_a history_n of_o denmark_n of_o king_n harald_n hildetan_n that_o no_o man_n do_v presume_v to_o usurp_v a_o domination_n in_o the_o sea_n without_o his_o consent_n and_o that_o which_o follow_v we_o next_o ought_v especial_o to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o as_o to_o this_o particular_a because_o the_o empire_n of_o land_n and_o sea_n be_v once_o divide_v in_o the_o republic_n of_o denmark_n and_o olo_n who_o afterward_o be_v king_n succeed_v his_o father_n in_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n vanquish_v lxx_o king_n of_o the_o sea_n by_o sea-fight_n which_o thing_n be_v write_v by_o 7._o saxon_a grammaticus_n and_o other_o also_o of_o that_o kind_n and_o in_o the_o regis_fw-la treaty_n hold_v at_o koppenhagen_n betwixt_o christiern_n the_o four_o of_o denmark_n and_o gustavus_n adolphus_n of_o swedland_n the_o king_n of_o swedland_n renounce_v the_o right_a sovereignty_n and_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o other_o royalty_n by_o he_o former_o claim_v over_o the_o say_a sea_n in_o norway_n norland_n and_o in_o the_o jurisaiction_n of_o wardhuisen_n but_o touch_v the_o sea_n of_o norway_n as_o it_o lie_v more_o northward_o we_o shall_v add_v more_o at_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o second_o book_n mention_n be_v make_v likewise_o of_o the_o sea_n belong_v to_o the_o realm_n of_o poland_n and_o the_o dominion_n thereof_o in_o that_o promise_n which_o be_v make_v by_o the_o french_a ambassador_n in_o the_o name_n of_o henry_n iii_o of_o france_n when_o he_o be_v elect_v king_n of_o poland_n the_o aforesaid_a ambassador_n do_v promise_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o most_o illustrious_a king_n now_o choose_v that_o assoon_o god_n will_v as_o he_o shall_v come_v to_o his_o kingdom_n he_o will_v at_o his_o own_o charge_n maintain_v a_o convenient_a navy_n sufficient_a to_o defend_v the_o port_n and_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o sea_n belong_v to_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o province_n adjoin_v even_o to_o the_o utmost_a bound_n of_o the_o whole_a dominion_n of_o poland_n as_o it_o be_v record_v by_o janus_n januszowskius_n in_o his_o 109._o syntagma_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o poland_n but_o the_o turkish_a emperor_n who_o by_o conquest_n succeed_v in_o the_o right_n of_o the_o emperor_n of_o constantinople_n and_o so_o purchase_v both_o the_o aegean_a and_o euxin_n sea_n call_v this_o the_o black_a the_o other_o the_o white_a sea_n be_v wont_v solemn_o to_o entitle_v himself_o lord_n both_o of_o the_o white_a and_o black_a sea_n as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o league_n betwixt_o achmet_n the_o ottoman_a emperor_n and_o henry_n the_o iv_o of_o france_n make_v above_o thirty_o year_n since_o and_o 1615._o print_v both_o in_o the_o french_a and_o turkish_a tongue_n moreover_o in_o the_o same_o league_n the_o turk_n grant_n the_o french_a free_a leave_v to_o fish_n and_o search_v for_o coral_n in_o certain_a streit_n and_o creek_n of_o the_o african_a sea_n within_o his_o kingdom_n of_o algiers_n and_o tunis_n and_o he_o far_a confirm_n all_o that_o have_v be_v grant_v to_o they_o by_o his_o predecessor_n for_o freedom_n of_o fish_v in_o those_o part_n in_o like_a manner_n 2._o coriolanus_n cippicus_n relate_v the_o action_n of_o pietrâ—_n mocenigo_n general_n of_o the_o venetian_n say_v the_o ottoman_a emperor_n build_v two_o castle_n very_o well_o fortify_v over_o against_o each_o other_o on_o both_o side_n the_o hellespont_n in_o its_o narrow_a passage_n which_o he_o store_v with_o ordnance_n of_o a_o extraordinary_a bigness_n and_o charge_v the_o governor_n of_o the_o castle_n to_o shoot_v and_o sink_v any_o ship_n that_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o pass_v without_o leave_v which_o be_v plain_o to_o domineer_v over_o the_o sea_n and_o agreeable_a to_o his_o title_n of_o lord_n of_o the_o white_a and_o black_a sea_n neither_o be_v that_o to_o be_v slight_v here_o which_o we_o find_v in_o the_o letter_n of_o david_n emperor_n of_o ethiopia_n or_o the_o abassins_n to_o emmanuël_n king_n of_o portugal_n he_o entitle_v he_o moâ—â—lus_fw-la lord_n of_o africa_n and_o guinee_n and_o the_o mountain_n and_o island_n of_o the_o moon_n and_o of_o the_o red_a sea_n arabia_n and_o persia_n and_o armutia_n great_a india_n etc._n etc._n he_o use_v here_o a_o hyperbole_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o african_a prince_n and_o attribute_n those_o thing_n to_o emmanuël_n which_o be_v none_o of_o he_o but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n he_o admit_n that_n he_o may_v have_v be_v lord_n of_o the_o red_a sea_n as_o well_o as_o of_o any_o other_o territory_n and_o that_o that_o title_n do_v not_o entrench_v upon_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o nation_n any_o more_o than_o this_o now_o that_o we_o may_v at_o length_n conclude_v this_o part_n touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o admit_v among_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v lawful_a and_o receive_v into_o the_o custom_n of_o nation_n there_o be_v not_o only_o very_o many_o testimony_n every_o where_o as_o have_v be_v show_v you_o concern_v it_o but_o nothing_o at_o all_o i_o suppose_v can_v be_v find_v to_o impugn_v it_o in_o the_o custom_n of_o those_o nation_n that_o have_v be_v of_o any_o note_n in_o late_a time_n unless_o it_o be_v where_o some_o of_o they_o that_o be_v borderer_n upon_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o other_o do_v strive_v to_o violate_v or_o infringe_v the_o right_n of_o their_o neighbour_n under_o pretence_n of_o that_o natural_a and_o perpetual_a community_n so_o often_o insist_v on_o out_o of_o ulpian_n by_o such_o writer_n as_o too_o much_o prefer_v that_o obsolete_a opinion_n before_o the_o universal_a and_o most_o ancient_a custom_n of_o nation_n of_o which_o kind_n true_o the_o first_o article_n of_o that_o league_n seem_v to_o be_v which_o be_v make_v above_o twenty_o or_o about_o thirty_o year_n past_a betwixt_o the_o state_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n and_o some_o of_o the_o hans-town_n as_o it_o be_v translate_v out_o of_o low-dutch_a by_o a_o 14._o dutchman_n to_o this_o effect_n that_o this_o conjunction_n or_o union_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v intend_v for_o the_o offence_n of_o any_o but_o only_o for_o the_o preservation_n and_o maintenance_n of_o the_o freedom_n of_o navigation_n commerce_n and_o merchant_n in_o the_o eastern_a and_o northern_a sea_n and_o also_o in_o all_o river_n and_o stream_n run_v into_o the_o eastern_a and_o northern_a sea_n nor_o ought_v any_o other_o thing_n to_o be_v mean_v in_o this_o place_n so_o that_o their_o citizen_n and_o subject_n join_v in_o this_o league_n respective_o may_v according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n use_v and_o enjoy_v the_o liberty_n acquire_v and_o obtain_v together_o with_o the_o right_n privilege_n and_o custom_n receive_v from_o their_o ancestor_n throughout_o the_o eastern_a and_o northern_a sea_n aforesaid_a and_o in_o the_o aforesaid_a river_n stream_n and_o water_n without_o any_o let_v or_o impediment_n they_o promise_v also_o to_o aid_v each_o other_o in_o oppose_v any_o that_o shall_v hinder_v such_o a_o freedom_n of_o navigation_n in_o that_o northern_a and_o eastern_a sea_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o baltic_a and_o that_o which_o wash_v the_o coast_n of_o denmark_n lituania_n pomerania_n and_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n where_o it_o seem_v they_o pretend_v not_o only_o right_n and_o liberty_n peculiar_o grant_v to_o they_o long_o since_o but_o also_o to_o the_o very_a law_n of_o all_o nation_n it_o be_v no_o hard_a matter_n to_o guess_v what_o the_o intent_n of_o that_o league_n may_v be_v for_o about_o that_o time_n the_o king_n of_o denmark_n have_v raise_v his_o toll_n in_o the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o in_o like_a manner_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n within_o his_o territory_n by_o sea_n and_o that_o for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o that_o dominion_n which_o they_o enjoy_v which_o that_o kind_n of_o league_n betwixt_o the_o state_n of_o the_o hans_n town_n and_o unite_a province_n do_v seem_v to_o oppose_v but_o to_o pass_v over_o these_o thing_n see_v a_o private_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v the_o point_n in_o question_n be_v found_v upon_o such_o clear_a testimony_n out_o of_o the_o custom_n
xxii_o the_o objection_n touch_v the_o defect_n of_o limit_n and_o and_o bound_n follow_v we_o next_o and_o true_o where_o dominion_n be_v distinguish_v nothing_o can_v be_v more_o desirable_a then_o know_v and_o certain_a bound_n in_o every_o place_n nor_o be_v it_o without_o cause_n that_o numâ_fw-la terminus_n the_o god_n of_o bound_n be_v receive_v heretofore_o among_o the_o roman_n for_o the_o god_n of_o justice_n but_o the_o nature_n of_o bound_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v either_o upon_o the_o shore_n or_o in_o the_o open_a sea_n and_o why_o shore_n shall_v not_o be_v call_v and_o repute_v lawful_a bound_n whereon_o to_o ground_v a_o distinction_n of_o dominion_n in_o the_o sea_n as_o well_o as_o ditch_n hedge_n meers_n row_n of_o tree_n mound_n and_o other_o thing_n use_v by_o surveyor_n in_o the_o bound_a of_o land_n i_o can_v full_o understand_v nor_o be_v sea_n sylvanus_n any_o whit_n more_o a_o guardian_n of_o bound_n than_o neptune_n but_o yet_o a_o very_a learned_a man_n say_v 3._o there_o be_v a_o reason_n in_o nature_n why_o the_o sea_n under_o the_o aforesaid_a consideration_n can_v be_v possess_v or_o make_v appropriate_a because_o possession_n be_v of_o no_o force_n unless_o it_o be_v in_o a_o thing_n that_o be_v bound_v so_o that_o thucydides_n call_v s_o a_o land_n unpossessed_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d unbounded_a and_o isocrates_n the_o land_n possess_v by_o the_o athenian_n a_o land_n bound_v with_o limit_n but_o liquid_a thing_n because_o of_o themselves_o they_o be_v not_o bound_v can_v be_v possess_v save_v only_o as_o they_o be_v contain_v in_o some_o other_o thing_n after_o which_o manner_n lake_n and_o pond_n be_v possess_v and_o river_n also_o because_o they_o be_v contain_v within_o bank_n but_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o contain_v by_o the_o earth_n it_o be_v of_o equal_a bigness_n or_o big_a than_o the_o earth_n so_o that_o the_o ancient_n have_v affirm_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v contain_v by_o the_o sea_n and_o then_o he_o bring_v we_o divers_a testimony_n of_o the_o ancient_n whereby_o it_o be_v affirm_v more_o than_o once_o that_o the_o sea_n be_v the_o girdle_n or_o bond_n of_o this_o globe_n of_o earth_n and_o that_o fetch_v a_o compass_n it_o enclose_v all_o the_o part_n thereof_o together_o and_o it_o be_v very_o often_o say_v by_o the_o ancient_n that_o the_o land_n be_v contain_v and_o bound_v by_o the_o water_n or_o sea_n as_o if_o the_o whole_a earth_n make_v as_o it_o be_v one_o island_n be_v 5._o surround_v by_o the_o sea_n but_o admit_v it_o be_v to_o be_v grant_v which_o i_o suppose_v neither_o that_o learned_a man_n nor_o any_o other_o will_v grant_v yet_o i_o do_v not_o well_o see_v why_o the_o thing_n contain_v shall_v not_o in_o truth_n be_v bound_v by_o the_o thing_n contain_v as_o well_o as_o this_o by_o that_o may_v not_o a_o lesser_a body_n that_o be_v spherical_a or_o of_o any_o other_o form_n be_v contain_v by_o a_o great_a which_o be_v every_o way_n contiguous_a to_o it_o be_v say_v to_o bound_v and_o limit_v the_o concave_n of_o the_o great_a body_n as_o well_o as_o this_o to_o limit_v the_o convex_a of_o the_o lesser_a but_o julius_n 37._o scaliger_n say_v very_o well_o of_o the_o sea_n and_o land_n that_o the_o one_o be_v not_o so_o contain_v by_o the_o other_o but_o that_o it_o may_v also_o contain_v nor_o be_v they_o so_o disjoin_v from_o each_o other_o but_o that_o they_o may_v both_o encroach_v upon_o each_o other_o and_o retire_v by_o turn_v the_o sea_n and_o land_n mutual_o embrace_v one_o another_o with_o crooked_a wind_n and_o turn_n this_o with_o peninsula_n and_o promontory_n butt_v forth_o and_o creek_n bend_v inward_a that_o work_v up_o its_o wave_n about_o all_o the_o passage_n of_o its_o vast_a body_n thus_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o one_o indifferent_o set_z bound_n to_o the_o other_o no_o otherwise_o than_o banks_n and_o lake_n or_o river_n which_o also_o appear_v more_o evident_a in_o the_o sâ—a_n caspian_a sea_n that_o be_v encompass_v with_o land_n and_o in_o like_a manner_n in_o the_o mediterranean_a before_o that_o hercules_n or_o as_o the_o 1_o arabian_n say_v alexander_n the_o great_a do_v by_o cut_v the_o mountain_n let_v in_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n through_o the_o strait_n of_o cadiz_n and_o thereby_o it_o be_v make_v up_o one_o single_a globe_n wherein_o divers_a sea_n be_v bound_v as_o well_o as_o the_o isle_n or_o main_a land_n as_o it_o be_v more_o clear_o prove_v out_o of_o holy_a scripture_n there_o the_o water_n be_v gather_v together_o and_o limit_v by_o their_o place_n and_o 9_o bound_n and_o say_v the_o lord_n himself_o of_o the_o sea_n 10._o i_o encompass_v it_o with_o my_o bound_n and_o set_v bar_n and_o door_n and_o say_v hitherto_o shall_v thou_o come_v but_o no_o far_o and_o in_o another_o place_n 29._o he_o give_v unto_o the_o sea_n his_o bound_n his_o decree_n unto_o the_o water_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o pass_v their_o bound_n so_o that_o it_o can_v be_v doubt_v every_o sea_n have_v its_o bound_n on_o the_o shore_n as_o the_o land_n itself_o nor_o have_v i_o make_v mention_n of_o this_o particular_a have_v i_o not_o find_v it_o impugn_a by_o so_o eminent_a a_o person_n and_o true_o there_o be_v but_o a_o very_a little_a more_o difficulty_n to_o find_v out_o limit_n and_o bound_n in_o the_o main_a sea_n for_o distinguish_v of_o private_a dominion_n we_o have_v high_a rock_n shelus_n promontory_n opposite_a to_o each_o other_o and_o island_n disperse_v up_o and_o down_o from_o whence_o as_o well_o direct_a line_n as_o crooked_a wind_n and_o turn_n and_o angle_n may_v be_v make_v use_n of_o for_o the_o bound_a of_o a_o territory_n in_o the_o sea_n mille_fw-la jacent_fw-la mediae_fw-la diffusa_fw-la per_fw-la aequora_fw-la terrae_fw-la innumeri_fw-la surgunt_fw-la scopuli_n montésque_fw-la per_fw-la altum_fw-la a_o thousand_o land_n within_o the_o main_n do_v lie_v rock_n numberless_a and_o mountain_n rise_v on_o high_a throughout_o the_o deep_a the_o ancient_a cosmographer_n also_o reckon_v up_o the_o sea_n of_o the_o world_n no_o otherwise_o then_o town_n rivers_n island_n and_o mountain_n as_o be_v no_o less_o distinguish_v from_o each_o other_o by_o their_o respective_a bound_n cosmographia_fw-la aethicus_n say_v every_o globe_n of_o land_n have_v xxx_o sea_n ccclxx_o town_n lxxii_o island_n lvii_o river_n and_o xl_o mountain_n etc._n etc._n after_o this_o also_o he_o reckon'_v the_o sea_n of_o the_o eastern_a western_a northen_n and_o southern_a ocean_n one_o after_o another_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o he_o do_v the_o province_n and_o their_o isle_n how_o true_o i_o dispute_v not_o but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n he_o make_v no_o question_n but_o that_o the_o sea_n be_v sufficient_o distinguish_v by_o their_o name_n and_o bound_n add_v hereunto_o that_o useful_a invention_n of_o the_o sea-man_n compass_n and_o the_o help_n of_o celestial_a degree_n either_o of_o longitude_n or_o latitude_n together_o with_o the_o doctrine_n of_o triangle_n arise_v therefrom_o also_o in_o those_o plantation_n that_o in_o our_o time_n have_v be_v carry_v out_o of_o europe_n into_o america_n the_o degree_n of_o latitude_n and_o longitude_n do_v serve_v the_o proprietor_n in_o stead_n of_o bound_n which_o with_o as_o little_a difficulty_n be_v find_v in_o the_o sea_n in_o like_a manner_n 28._o some_o will_v have_v have_v the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n and_o the_o equinoctial_a line_n to_o have_v be_v the_o bound_n in_o the_o sea_n for_o the_o limit_v of_o that_o agreement_n which_o be_v to_o have_v be_v make_v in_o the_o year_n mdcviii_o between_o the_o state_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n and_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n and_o in_o the_o late_a agreement_n betwixt_o the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n and_o spain_n 2._o the_o equinoctial_a line_n be_v the_o bind_v appoint_v in_o the_o sea_n other_o instance_n there_o be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n eor_fw-la sarpedon_n and_o calycadnus_n two_o promontory_n of_o cilicia_n be_v design_v as_o bound_n for_o distinguish_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o that_o league_n make_v betwixt_o the_o 8._o roman_n and_o antiochus_n king_n of_o syria_n also_o by_o decree_n of_o the_o emperor_n leo_n of_o which_o we_o have_v already_o speak_v the_o sea_n fish_n epoche_n or_o fish-pen_n that_o be_v by_o man_n place_v in_o the_o sea_n lie_v over_o against_o their_o land_n be_v limit_v to_o certain_a number_n of_o cubit_n the_o case_n be_v the_o same_o likewise_o touch_v the_o cyanean_a and_o chelidonian_a island_n in_o the_o league_n make_v by_o the_o cimonis_fw-la athenian_n with_o the_o king_n of_o persia_n which_o have_v be_v mention_v also_o before_o moreover_o pope_n alexander_n vi_o and_o his_o cardinal_n or_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n agent_n make_v no_o scruple_n touch_v bound_n of_o this_o
nature_n when_o the_o king_n obtain_v that_o famous_a bull_n whereby_o he_o have_v a_o grant_n of_o the_o western_a world_n but_o so_o to_o be_v limit_v that_o the_o thing_n give_v shall_v in_o the_o hither_o part_n of_o it_o be_v bound_v by_o a_o imaginary_a line_n draw_v from_o the_o arctic_a to_o the_o antarctick_a pole_n 393._o which_o shall_v be_v distant_a from_o each_o of_o those_o island_n call_v de_fw-la los_fw-la azores_fw-la y_fw-fr cabo_fw-la verde_v one_o hundred_o league_n towards_o the_o west_n and_o south_n which_o be_v the_o very_a word_n of_o the_o bull._n whereupon_o 8._o hieronymus_n de_fw-fr monte_fw-fr say_v bound_n be_v set_v in_o heaven_n and_o in_o the_o aër_fw-la in_o the_o time_n of_o pope_n alexander_n vi_o between_o the_o portugal_n and_o castilian_n in_o divide_v the_o indian_a isle_n then_o new_o discover_v by_o the_o degree_n of_o heaven_n and_o so_o all_o that_o be_v find_v eastward_o be_v allot_v to_o the_o portugal_n and_o that_o which_o lie_v westward_o to_o the_o castilian_n certain_o in_o this_o place_n no_o more_o regard_n be_v have_v to_o the_o portion_n of_o land_n whether_o island_n or_o continent_n in_o the_o measure_n of_o bound_n then_o to_o the_o space_n of_o the_o sea_n moreover_o it_o be_v ordinary_a among_o the_o lawyer_n even_o those_o who_o be_v most_o earnest_a for_o a_o community_n of_o every_o sea_n to_o limit_v a_o hundred_o mile_n judiciis_fw-la jurisdiction_n to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o adjacent_a coast._n sometime_o we_o find_v sixty_o it_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n receive_v say_v 10._o bodin_n by_o the_o common_a custom_n of_o all_o prince_n border_v upon_o the_o sea_n that_o for_o sixty_o mile_n from_o the_o shore_n any_o prince_n may_v give_v law_n to_o those_o that_o sail_n near_o their_o coast_n and_o it_o be_v so_o adjudge_v in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o savoy_n which_o he_o observe_v out_o of_o cacheranus_n his_o decision_n of_o piedmont_n yea_o and_o it_o be_v maintain_v by_o very_o citati_fw-la eminent_a professor_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n that_o a_o action_n at_o law_n may_v be_v allow_v for_o regulate_v of_o bound_n in_o the_o border_n of_o the_o sea_n therefore_o they_o sufficient_o acknowledge_v the_o custom_n of_o measure_v and_o set_v bound_n even_o in_o the_o sea_n but_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v that_o say_n of_o ambrose_n geometram_fw-la audivimus_fw-la thalassometram_fw-la nunquam_fw-la audivimus_fw-la we_o have_v hear_v of_o a_o geometrician_n one_o that_o measure_v land_n but_o never_o of_o a_o thalassometrician_n or_o one_o that_o can_v measure_v and_o lay_v out_o bound_n in_o the_o sea_n this_o true_o be_v rather_o a_o quibble_v of_o word_n than_o any_o argument_n against_o the_o point_n in_o hand_n and_o the_o holy_a man_n speak_v in_o that_o place_n of_o the_o various_a lurking-hole_n or_o hold_v of_o divers_a fish_n which_o god_n have_v appoint_v for_o they_o in_o the_o sea_n not_o touch_v a_o civil_a distribution_n of_o the_o sea_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o reason_n why_o he_o shall_v speak_v thus_o of_o a_o thalassometrician_n as_o a_o thing_n never_o hear_v of_o before_o for_o we_o know_v that_o even_a thalassometrician_n be_v ordinary_a among_o the_o grecian_n who_o have_v dominion_n by_o sea_n with_o very_o frequent_a and_o various_a distinction_n of_o those_o dominion_n and_o that_o the_o sea_n be_v measure_v according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o geometry_n no_o less_o than_o the_o land_n proelus_fw-la a_o famous_a mathematician_n treat_v about_o the_o excellency_n of_o geometry_n say_v 18._o it_o have_v discover_v the_o situation_n of_o place_n the_o measure_n also_o of_o voyage_n by_o sea_n as_o well_o as_o journey_n by_o land_n moreover_n they_o have_v instrument_n to_o measure_v the_o sea_n which_o the_o grecian_n or_o at_o least_o the_o modern_a greek_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d measure_n of_o sea-voiages_a and_o have_v write_v that_o hero_n anthemius_n and_o other_o ancient_a mathematician_n learn_v the_o art_n from_o archimedes_n and_o transmit_v it_o to_o posterity_n yea_o it_o be_v say_v by_o 457._o joannes_n tzetzes_n that_o those_o man_n discover_v both_o water_n and_o winde-instrument_n out_o of_o the_o book_n of_o archimedes_n and_o engine_n to_o move_v thing_n of_o weight_n and_o instrument_n call_v thalassodometrae_n for_o measure_v of_o sea-voiages_a so_o that_o as_o concern_v the_o business_n of_o measure_v the_o sea_n there_o be_v nothing_o to_o hinder_v but_o that_o both_o matter_n and_o instrument_n may_v be_v have_v for_o the_o distinguish_n of_o its_o dominion_n last_o that_o which_o be_v object_v touch_v the_o vast_a magnitude_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o its_o inexhaustible_a abundance_n be_v of_o very_o little_a weight_n here_o suppose_v it_o be_v inexhaustible_a so_o that_o he_o which_o shall_v appropriate_v it_o to_o himself_o can_v receiv_v no_o damage_n by_o other_o man_n use_v it_o what_o more_o prejudice_n be_v this_o to_o the_o right_n of_o ownership_n or_o dominion_n than_o it_o be_v to_o the_o owner_n of_o a_o fire_n or_o candle_n that_o another_o man_n shall_v be_v light_v by_o he_o be_v he_o therefore_o less_o master_n of_o his_o own_o fire_n or_o candle_n but_o true_o we_o often_o see_v that_o the_o sea_n itself_o by_o reason_n of_o other_o man_n fish_n navigation_n and_o commerce_n becom'_v the_o worse_a for_o he_o that_o own_o be_v it_o and_o other_o that_o enjoie_v it_o in_o his_o right_n so_o that_o less_o profit_n arise_v than_o may_v otherwise_o be_v receive_v thereby_o which_o more_o evident_o appear_v in_o the_o use_n of_o those_o sea_n which_o produce_v pearl_n coral_n and_o other_o thing_n of_o that_o kind_n yea_o the_o plenty_n of_o such_o sea_n be_v lessen_v every_o hour_n no_o otherwise_o then_o that_o of_o mine_n of_o metal_n quarry_n of_o stone_n or_o of_o garden_n when_o their_o treasure_n and_o fruit_n be_v take_v away_o and_o it_o be_v a_o custom_n of_o the_o mahometan_n who_o be_v very_o great_a and_o potent_a nation_n to_o estimate_v their_o sea_n no_o less_o upon_o this_o account_n then_o by_o the_o revenue_n either_o of_o fish_v or_o navigation_n as_o we_o may_v see_v in_o that_o their_o false_a prophet_n when_o speak_v of_o the_o most_o holy_a god_n he_o say_v 〈…〉_o it_o be_v he_o that_o have_v prepare_v the_o sea_n for_o your_o use_n that_o thence_o you_o may_v take_v fresh_a food_n and_o use_v fish_v and_o also_o that_o out_o of_o it_o you_o may_v draw_v ornament_n to_o adorn_v you_o mahomet_n ben_n achm_v the_o best_a expositor_n of_o the_o alcoran_n interpret_n those_o ornament_n by_o coral_n and_o pearl_n which_o word_n also_o be_v use_v in_o another_o 65._o place_n of_o the_o alcoran_n for_o the_o chief_a commodity_n of_o the_o sea_n from_o whence_o also_o it_o be_v that_o a_o special_a licence_n to_o search_v for_o coral_n have_v sometime_o be_v grant_v in_o league_n make_v by_o the_o grand_a seignieur_n as_o be_v observe_v before_o yea_o and_o 35._o pliny_n speak_v especial_o of_o the_o more_o eastern_o sea_n say_v it_o have_v be_v count_v a_o small_a matter_n that_o man_n swallow_v whole_a sea_n into_o their_o throat_n if_o both_o man_n and_o woman_n also_o do_v not_o wear_v they_o up_o and_o down_o upon_o their_o hand_n ear_n head_n and_o all_o part_n of_o the_o body_n but_o it_o be_v well_o know_v to_o we_o that_o precious_a stone_n and_o pearl_n be_v very_o often_o find_v also_o in_o the_o western_a sea_n and_o he_o tell_v we_o we_o they_o be_v frequent_o find_v in_o ancient_a time_n moreover_o say_v he_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o in_o britain_n they_o be_v produce_v though_o small_a and_o ill_o colour_v as_o we_o all_o see_v at_o this_o day_n forasmuch_o as_o julius_n caesar_n will_v have_v it_o understand_v that_o the_o breast_n plate_n which_o he_o consecrate_v to_o venus_n in_o her_o temple_n be_v make_v of_o british_a pearl_n yea_o it_o be_v write_v by_o many_o and_o testify_v by_o 〈…〉_o suetonius_n that_o caesar_n go_v to_o britain_n in_o hope_n of_o pearl_n it_o be_v obvious_a therefore_o to_o every_o man_n that_o the_o gain_n of_o such_o a_o voyage_n into_o britain_n may_v be_v lessen_v and_o that_o the_o abundance_n either_o of_o pearl_n themselves_o or_o of_o those_o shell-fish_n which_o produce_v they_o may_v through_o a_o promiscuous_a and_o common_a use_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v diminish_v in_o any_o sea_n whatsoêver_o where_o then_o be_v that_o inexhaustible_a abundance_n of_o commodity_n in_o the_o sea_n which_o can_v be_v impair_v there_o be_v true_o the_o same_o reason_n also_o touch_v every_o kind_n of_o fish_v but_o what_o need_v many_o word_n about_o this_o matter_n do_v we_o not_o at_o this_o day_n find_v it_o press_v home_o to_o the_o utmost_a every_o where_n by_o lawyer_n especial_o those_o of_o the_o empire_n and_o be_v it_o not_o a_o thousand_o time_n say_v of_o old_a when_o the_o
lie_v and_o after_o she_o have_v say_v that_o she_o come_v to_o claim_v a_o public_a gift_n she_o add'_v quae_fw-la tamen_fw-la ut_fw-la detis_fw-la supplex_fw-la peto_fw-la which_o notwithstanding_o i_o humble_o beg_v you_o will_v bestow_v nothing_o in_o that_o place_n oppose_v a_o dominion_n of_o the_o water_n more_o than_o of_o any_o other_o thing_n whatsoëver_o whereto_o that_o say_n of_o ennius_n may_v have_v relation_n 1._o nihilo_fw-la minùs_fw-la ipsi_fw-la lucet_fw-la quum_fw-la illi_fw-la accenderit_fw-la his_o own_o light_n be_v not_o the_o less_o when_o he_o have_v lend_v light_n to_o another_o and_o as_o cicero_n tell_v we_o we_o all_o thing_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n seem_v common_a to_o man_n which_o community_n notwithstanding_o derogate_n nothing_o at_o all_o from_o the_o dominion_n here_o in_o question_n unless_o any_o will_v be_v so_o unadvised_a as_o to_o affirm_v that_o the_o law_n of_o friendship_n wherein_o philosopher_n say_v all_o thing_n be_v common_a with_o those_o of_o charity_n and_o liberality_n may_v overthrow_v private_a dominion_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o more_o weight_n in_o that_o which_o be_v object_v out_o of_o virgil._n what_o be_v this_o to_o the_o purpose_n virgil_n or_o ilioneus_n speak_v of_o the_o tyrrhenian_a sea_n say_v that_o the_o water_n be_v open_a to_o all_o ergò_fw-la by_o law_n the_o water_n must_v lie_v open_a at_o all_o time_n to_o all_o man_n a_o very_a trifle_a argument_n there_o be_v no_o land_n that_o be_v omit_v in_o the_o first_o distribution_n of_o thing_n which_o do_v not_o remain_v open_a to_o all_o before_o it_o come_v under_o particular_a possession_n but_o in_o that_o passage_n of_o virgil_n there_o be_v no_o demand_n make_v of_o right_o but_o only_o a_o office_n of_o humanity_n request_v from_o the_o king_n of_o latium_n yea_o and_o a_o promise_v make_v of_o recompense_n say_v non_fw-la erimus_fw-la regno_fw-la indecores_fw-la nec_fw-la vestra_fw-la feretur_fw-la 7._o fama_fw-la levis_fw-la tantique_fw-la abolescet_fw-la gratia_fw-la facti_fw-la we_o will_v not_o disgrace_v your_o realm_n nor_o light_o set_v your_o fame_n and_o so_o great_a courtesy_n forget_v therefore_o in_o the_o poet_n sens_fw-fr the_o benefit_n be_v to_o be_v receive_v and_o acknowledge_v from_o the_o grace_n and_o favour_n of_o the_o prince_n not_o claim_v by_o any_o law_n of_o nature_n common_a to_o all_o yea_o we_o know_v that_o in_o many_o place_n a_o excise_n or_o payment_n be_v make_v sometime_o for_o the_o very_a use_n of_o water_n as_o among_o the_o hollander_n they_o have_v in_o delph-land_n a_o custom_n call_v jus_n grutae_n which_o have_v ever_o be_v under_o the_o care_n of_o those_o officer_n call_v in_o latin_a thence_o comites_fw-la plumarii_fw-la in_o dutch_a pluymgraven_v and_o whereby_o the_o beer-brewer_n as_o 19_o hadrianus_n junius_n tell_v we_o we_o be_v bind_v to_o pay_v they_o the_o hundred_o part_n for_o the_o use_n of_o water_n other_o instance_n there_o be_v to_o be_v find_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n last_o as_o to_o that_o say_n of_o the_o jewish_a rabbin_n concern_v alexander_n it_o shew_v only_o they_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o alexander_n have_v not_o get_v a_o dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n they_o do_v not_o say_v at_o all_o that_o he_o can_v not_o lawful_o get_v it_o nor_o true_o can_v they_o say_v it_o without_o gross_a indiscretion_n unless_o they_o will_v renounce_v their_o own_o right_n which_o we_o have_v already_o mention_v out_o of_o their_o determination_n in_o the_o great_a or_o phaenician_n sea_n and_o whatsoëver_o those_o rabbin_n may_v light_o say_v of_o alexander_n yet_o true_o flavius_z 27._o josephus_n a_o jew_n and_o if_o we_o may_v believ_n himself_o the_o most_o eminent_a lawyer_n of_o his_o time_n among_o the_o jew_n call_v the_o emperor_n vespasian_n lord_n both_o of_o sea_n and_o land_n and_o 3._o julian_n say_v that_o alexander_n aspire_v after_o a_o empire_n by_o sea_n as_o well_o as_o by_o land_n which_o have_v be_v mention_v also_o by_o suasory_n seneca_n but_o all_o these_o objection_n be_v bring_v out_o of_o writer_n treat_v of_o other_o matter_n which_o ought_v also_o to_o be_v consider_v and_o therefore_o in_o the_o last_o place_n let_v we_o take_v such_o opinion_n of_o the_o lawyer_n into_o consideration_n as_o be_v oppose_v against_o it_o a_o answer_n to_o the_o objection_n take_v out_o of_o ancient_a lawyer_n chap._n xxiv_o of_o those_o lawyer_n that_o be_v of_o the_o contrary_a opinion_n some_o be_v ancient_a some_o modern_a if_o we_o look_v into_o the_o most_o notable_a testimony_n of_o the_o ancient_n this_o only_o be_v to_o be_v collect_v from_o they_o touch_v the_o community_n of_o the_o sea_n that_o some_o of_o the_o most_o eminent_a be_v indeed_o of_o opinion_n that_o by_o the_o law_n natural_a and_o of_o nation_n the_o sea_n be_v perpetual_o and_o necessary_o common_a to_o all_o man_n which_o nevertheless_o most_o clear_o appear_v to_o be_v far_o otherwise_o if_o a_o diligent_a survey_n be_v make_v of_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n either_o civil_a or_o intervenient_a of_o most_o age_n and_o nation_n as_o we_o have_v very_o abundant_o prove_v in_o what_o have_v be_v already_o show_v you_o and_o that_o not_o only_o out_o of_o the_o most_o approve_a historian_n whereof_o there_o be_v very_o oftentimes_o most_o use_n in_o search_v out_o the_o most_o common_a custom_n of_o nation_n and_o other_o thing_n relate_v to_o the_o law_n themselves_o seqq_fw-la but_o also_o out_o of_o the_o very_a league_n or_o intervenient_a law_n of_o divers_a nation_n yea_o and_o other_o lawyer_n of_o no_o less_o note_n together_o with_o the_o principal_a edict_n in_o the_o eastern_a empire_n beside_o many_o other_o from_o whence_o any_o one_o may_v easy_o learn_v what_o according_a to_o the_o natural_a permissive_a law_n aught_o to_o be_v determine_v in_o this_o matter_n some_o of_o the_o ancient_n have_v be_v of_o opinion_n that_o according_a to_o the_o law_n natural_a or_o of_o nation_n it_o be_v lawful_a to_o hunt_v and_o hawk_n in_o another_o man_n ult_n wood_n or_o ground_n and_o to_o fish_n in_o another_o man_n pond_n or_o lake_n much_o more_o in_o a_o river_n except_o it_o be_v prohibit_v by_o the_o owner_n in_o possession_n these_o thing_n say_v 2._o cujacius_n be_v so_o determine_v by_o the_o prudent_a roman_n who_o adhere_v most_o to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n but_o custom_n have_v now_o overrule_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a to_o fish_v so_o much_o as_o in_o a_o public_a river_n nor_o to_o hunt_v or_o hawk_n free_o in_o the_o field_n and_o say_v the_o same_o regalibus_fw-la author_n in_o another_o place_n the_o exchequer_n be_v to_o be_v justify_v only_o by_o custom_n in_o lay_v claim_n to_o the_o fishery_n in_o a_o private_a manner_n contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n whereas_o notwithstanding_o in_o the_o feudal_n law_n the_o revenue_n of_o fishery_n be_v count_v among_o the_o regalia_z or_o royalty_n of_o the_o prince_n and_o reckon_v by_o learned_a man_n among_o the_o ancient_n belong_v to_o the_o 31._o roman_a exchequer_n or_o treasury_n who_o cite_v ulpian_n himself_o for_o a_o witness_n for_o he_o among_o the_o public_a custom_n or_o revenue_n number_v the_o revenue_n s._n piscariarum_fw-la as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o read_v of_o fishery_n other_o instead_o of_o it_o put_v picariarum_fw-la pitch-pit_n for_o those_o place_n from_o whence_o pitch_n be_v dig_v sure_o even_o censibus_fw-la ulpian_n himself_o reckon'_v fishpond_n among_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v liable_a to_o assessment_n but_o howsoëver_o the_o late_a custom_n of_o nation_n have_v subvert_v or_o overrule_v that_o more_o ancient_a law_n of_o fish_v hunt_v and_o foul_n free_o whether_o it_o be_v the_o law_n natural_a as_o they_o term_v it_o or_o of_o nation_n as_o sufficient_o appear_v by_o the_o etc._n law_n of_o those_o place_n which_o they_o call_v forest_n the_o wildt_fw-mi bahne_n or_o bannum_fw-la ferinum_fw-la and_o of_o river_n as_o it_o be_v various_o establish_v in_o several_a country_n and_o so_o without_o any_o prohibition_n of_o the_o owner_n in_o possession_n that_o ancient_a freedom_n have_v be_v abrogate_a many_o age_n since_o by_o most_o receive_a custom_n which_o may_v be_v say_v in_o like_a manner_n of_o the_o sea_n whatsoêver_o those_o ancient_n and_o their_o follower_n have_v write_v to_o the_o contrary_n moreover_o the_o emperor_n leo_n have_v as_o we_o have_v show_v you_o express_o declare_v by_o edict_n that_o the_o ancient_a right_o concern_v a_o necessary_a community_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o without_o injustice_n pretend_v in_o the_o eastern_a empire_n wherefore_o michaël_n attaliate_v true_o do_v ill_a and_o so_o have_v any_o other_o lawyer_n of_o the_o east_n if_o any_o there_o be_v since_o the_o day_n of_o leo_n that_o have_v oppose_v its_o private_a dominion_n nor_o indeed_o have_v that_o eminent_a man_n deal_v any_o better_a who_o
defence_n of_o his_o kingdom_n against_o foreiner_n and_o the_o train_n up_o of_o himself_o and_o his_o people_n for_o warlike_a employment_n thus_o the_o guardianship_n or_o maintenance_n of_o the_o dominion_n by_o sea_n be_v evident_a but_o as_o concern_v the_o fleet_n aforemention_v they_o each_o of_o they_o consist_v of_o mcc_n ship_n and_o these_o as_o writer_n say_v express_o very_o stout_a one_o so_o that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o his_o reign_n the_o british_a navy_n consist_v of_o such_o ship_n to_o the_o number_n of_o three_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o sail_n as_o 975._o florentius_n and_o hoveden_n speak_v express_o but_o other_o write_v that_o these_o fleet_n amount_v to_o four_o thousand_o ship_n as_o coltoniana_n john_n bramton_n abbot_n of_o jorvaux_n other_o add_v to_o these_o three_o a_o four_o fleet_n whereby_o the_o number_n be_v increase_v to_o four_o thousand_o eight_o hundred_o sail_n as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o florilegus_n so_o as_o florentius_n also_o say_v he_o by_o the_o help_n of_o god_n govern_v and_o secure_v the_o bound_n of_o his_o kingdom_n with_o prudence_n fortitude_n justice_n and_o temperance_n as_o long_o as_o he_o live_v and_o have_v the_o courage_n of_o a_o fierce_a lion_n he_o keep_v all_o the_o prince_n and_o lord_n of_o the_o isle_n in_o awe_n we_o read_v also_o in_o ordericus_n vitalis_n of_o king_n harold_n or_o herald_n that_o he_o so_o guard_v the_o sea_n with_o a_o force_n of_o soldierie_a and_o ship_n that_o none_o of_o his_o enemy_n can_v without_o a_o sore_a conflict_n invade_v the_o kingdom_n so_o that_o we_o can_v otherwise_o conceiv_v but_o that_o these_o naval_a force_n be_v at_o that_o time_n dispose_v and_o the_o sea-fights_a undertake_v for_o the_o defence_n and_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o a_o appendant_a of_o the_o english-saxon_a dominion_n in_o this_o island_n especial_o if_o we_o due_o compare_v these_o thing_n already_o manifest_a with_o those_o which_o be_v add_v by_o and_o by_o to_o this_o particular_a touch_v the_o same_o age_n the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o english-saxons_a and_o dane_n during_o their_o reign_n in_o britain_n observe_v in_o like_a manner_n from_o such_o tribute_n and_o duty_n of_o their_o fiduciarie_n client_n or_o vassal_n as_o concern_v the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o navy_n also_o concern_v the_o tribute_n or_o paiment_n call_v danegeld_v which_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v levy_v for_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n chap._n xi_o here_o follow_v next_o the_o tribute_n and_o duty_n of_o vassal_n concern_v the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o navy_n or_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v evidence_n also_o of_o that_o sea-dominion_n which_o be_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o english-saxons_a i_o call_v those_o tribute_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v levy_v for_o the_o reinforce_a of_o the_o navy_n and_o for_o provision_n of_o victual_n for_o the_o seaman_n of_o which_o kind_n be_v those_o that_o be_v levy_v according_a to_o the_o value_n of_o man_n estate_n in_o land_n for_o the_o set_n forth_o of_o ship_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n ethelred_n for_o at_o that_o time_n whosoever_o possess_v cccx_o cassatos_n or_o hide_v of_o land_n be_v charge_v with_o the_o build_n of_o one_o ship_n and_o they_o be_v all_o rate_v proportionable_o after_o this_o manner_n who_o be_v owner_n of_o more_o or_o less_o hide_n or_o of_o part_n of_o a_o hide_n as_o cottoniana_n marianus_n scotus_n hoveden_n and_o florentius_n do_v all_o tell_v we_o in_o the_o very_a same_o word_n ethelred_n king_n of_o england_n say_v they_o give_v strict_a command_n that_o one_o galley_n shall_v be_v charge_v upon_o cccx_o cassati_fw-la but_o a_o coat_n of_o armour_n and_o a_o helmet_n upon_o nine_o and_o that_o ship_n shall_v be_v build_v throughout_o all_o england_n which_o be_v make_v ready_a he_o victual_v and_o man_v they_o with_o choice_a soldier_n and_o appoint_v their_o rendezvous_n at_o the_o port_n of_o sandwich_n to_o secure_v the_o bound_n of_o his_o kingdom_n from_o the_o eruption_n of_o foreiner_n but_o cottoniana_n henry_n of_o huntingdon_n as_o also_o matthew_n paris_n and_o florilegus_n speak_v of_o the_o same_o thing_n say_v the_o king_n charge_v one_o ship_n upon_o three_o hundred_o and_o ten_o hide_n of_o land_n through_o all_o england_n also_o a_o coat-armor_n and_o helmet_n upon_o eight_o hide_n then_o huntingdon_n tell_v we_o what_o a_o hide_n do_v signify_v but_o a_o hide_n in_o english_a say_v he_o be_v so_o much_o land_n as_o a_o man_n can_v till_o with_o one_o blow_n for_o a_o year_n other_o there_o be_v that_o determine_v otherwise_o touch_v the_o quantity_n of_o a_o hide_n and_o most_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o it_o be_v very_o various_a according_a to_o the_o different_a custom_n of_o country_n but_o the_o same_o with_o cassata_n and_o year_n carucata_n indeed_o the_o english-saxon_a chronicle_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o cottoniana_n abingdon_n do_v likewise_o mention_n hide_v here_o express_o in_o the_o year_n mviii_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d say_v they_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d man_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d hund_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d tynumaenne_fw-fr 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d helm_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o king_n give_v command_v for_o the_o build_n of_o ship_n careful_o throughout_o all_o england_n to_o wit_n that_o one_o galley_n shall_v be_v charge_v upon_o cccx_o hide_n of_o land_n but_o a_o coat-armor_n and_o helmet_n upon_o eight_o hide_n and_o it_o be_v usual_a according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o that_o age_n that_o the_o rich_a sort_n shall_v be_v tax_v by_o the_o number_n of_o hide_n as_o we_o see_v also_o throughout_o that_o breviarie_n of_o england_n or_o the_o book_n of_o rate_n call_v scaccarii_fw-la domesday_n which_o be_v first_o write_v in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n william_n huntingdon_n add'_v also_o that_o there_o never_o have_v be_v so_o great_a a_o number_n of_o ship_n in_o the_o time_n of_o any_o one_o in_o britain_n which_o be_v testify_v in_o like_a manner_n by_o the_o saxon_a chronicle_n before_o cite_v so_o that_o that_o most_o numerous_a navy_n of_o king_n edgar_n mention_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n be_v not_o to_o be_v compare_v with_o this_o but_o yet_o that_o most_o learned_a man_n and_o great_a light_n of_o our_o island_n m_o r_o 114._o camden_n have_v so_o cast_v up_o the_o number_n of_o hide_n throughout_o england_n out_o of_o the_o ancient_a record_n of_o that_o age_n that_o they_o do_v not_o exceed_v 243600._o if_o this_o have_v be_v so_o than_o they_o can_v have_v set_v forth_o no_o more_o than_o 785_o ship_n by_o this_o tribute_n which_o be_v a_o lesser_a number_n than_o that_o of_o king_n edgar_n by_o some_o thousand_o so_o that_o some_o other_o account_n be_v to_o be_v make_v concern_v hide_n which_o be_v not_o to_o be_v handle_v in_o this_o place_n hereunto_o belong_v that_o of_o huntingdon_n touch_v king_n canutus_n and_o his_o son_n harald_n in_o the_o day_n of_o harald_n say_v he_o as_o also_o in_o the_o time_n of_o his_o father_n eight_o mark_n be_v pay_v by_o every_o port_n for_o xvi_o ship_n in_o the_o like_a manner_n hoveden_n say_v there_o be_v a_o tax_n impose_v which_o be_v pay_v for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o navy_n when_o king_n canutus_n and_o king_n edmond_n make_v a_o agreement_n in_o a_o isle_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o severn_n call_v oleney_n moreover_o huntingdon_n write_v that_o 11048_o pound_n be_v raise_v by_o hardecanute_n king_n of_o england_n before_o he_o have_v reign_v two_o year_n for_o thirty_o two_o ship_n that_o be_v to_o say_v for_o the_o build_n of_o two_o and_o thirty_o ship_n he_o give_v command_v also_o as_o 1040._o matthew_n westminster_n say_v that_o eight_o mark_n shall_v be_v pay_v to_o every_o rower_n of_o his_o navy_n and_o ten_o mark_n to_o each_o commander_n out_o of_o all_o england_n he_o say_v again_o also_o of_o the_o same_o king_n that_o he_o appoint_v officer_n through_o all_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o collect_v the_o tax_n impose_v without_o favour_v any_o and_o therewith_o to_o provide_v all_o thing_n necessary_a for_o his_o force_n at_o sea_n and_o florentius_n say_v eodem_fw-la he_o give_v command_v for_o the_o pay_v of_o eight_o mark_n to_o every_o rower_n of_o his_o navy_n and_o twelve_o so_o we_o read_v it_o in_o that_o author_n to_o every_o commander_n out_o of_o all_o england_n a_o tax_n indeed_o so_o grievous_a that_o scarce_o any_o man_n be_v able_a to_o pay_v it_o but_o these_o thing_n speak_v of_o canutus_n his_o son_n harald_n and_o hardecanute_n relate_v perhaps_o unto_o that_o tribute_n or_o tax_n call_v danegeld_v which_o be_v pay_v yearly_a for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o navy_n and_o guard_v the_o territory_n or_o dominion_n by_o
sea_n among_o the_o old_a law_n of_o england_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o payment_n of_o danegeld_n be_v first_o impose_v because_o of_o pirate_n either_o robber_n or_o other_o invade_v the_o sea_n for_o they_o infest_v the_o country_n waste_v it_o as_o far_o as_o they_o be_v able_a therefore_o for_o the_o repress_v of_o their_o insolence_n it_o be_v determine_v that_o a_o yearly_a payment_n shall_v be_v make_v of_o danegeld_n that_o be_v to_o say_v twelve_o penny_n upon_o every_o hide_n through_o the_o whole_a land_n for_o the_o pay_n of_o those_o that_o shall_v be_v employ_v to_o hinder_v the_o eruption_n of_o pirate_n so_o we_o read_v it_o in_o some_o francofurt_n copy_n 102._o other_o render_v it_o irruption_n but_o the_o other_o read_v seem_v to_o signify_v that_o this_o tax_n be_v impose_v for_o the_o raise_n and_o maintain_v of_o naval_a force_n so_o to_o guard_v the_o sea_n that_o pirate_n or_o enemy_n may_v not_o be_v able_a to_o make_v any_o eruption_n from_o the_o shore_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o sea_n nor_o can_v the_o word_n eruption_n otherwise_o be_v well_o put_v in_o that_o place_n so_o that_o even_o that_o ancient_a dignity_n of_o the_o count_n of_o the_o saxon_a shore_n whereof_o we_o have_v already_o speak_v be_v therefore_o not_o obscure_o represent_v by_o he_o who_o command_v as_o admiral_n over_o the_o fleet_n of_o that_o age._n this_o tribute_n or_o tax_n have_v its_o beginning_n under_o king_n ethelred_n for_o he_o be_v bring_v into_o miserable_a strait_n by_o swain_n king_n of_o denmark_n be_v force_v to_o buy_v a_o peace_n of_o he_o hire_v xlv_o danish_a ship_n also_o by_o agreement_n for_o the_o guard_n and_o secure_v of_o his_o dominion_n in_o the_o sea_n who_o be_v to_o receiv_v their_o pay_n yearly_o out_o of_o this_o tribute_n for_o their_o maintenance_n for_o the_o right_a understanding_n whereof_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v out_o of_o the_o english_a saxon_a story_n that_o the_o tribute_n or_o tax_n usual_o pay_v at_o that_o time_n to_o the_o dane_n be_v of_o more_o kind_n than_o one_o there_o be_v one_o tribute_n or_o sum_n of_o money_n wherewith_o the_o english-saxons_a be_v force_v sometime_o to_o buy_v peace_n of_o such_o as_o grievous_o infest_a the_o island_n but_o another_o be_v levy_v to_o pay_v the_o danish_a navy_n which_o be_v hire_v to_o guard_v the_o sea_n and_o defend_v the_o seacoast_n the_o first_o kind_n of_o tribute_n appear_v by_o that_o of_o florentius_n and_o hoveden_n in_o the_o year_n mvii_o ethelred_n king_n of_o england_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o lord_n send_v ambassador_n to_o the_o dane_n give_v they_o commission_n to_o declare_v that_o he_o be_v willing_a to_o defray_v their_o charge_n and_o pay_v they_o a_o tribute_n upon_o this_o condition_n that_o they_o will_v desist_v from_o rapine_n and_o establish_v a_o firm_a peace_n with_o he_o to_o which_o demand_n of_o his_o they_o yield_v and_o from_o that_o time_n their_o charge_n be_v defraied_a by_o all_o england_n and_o a_o tribute_n pay_v which_o amount_v to_o 36000_o pound_n that_o be_v he_o effect_v this_o only_a for_o the_o present_a that_o he_o obtain_v a_o peace_n for_o a_o time_n by_o money_n which_o he_o can_v not_o by_o arm_n as_o florilegus_n say_v well_o four_o year_n after_o also_o all_o the_o great_a lord_n of_o england_n of_o both_o order_n meet_v together_o at_o london_n before_o easter_n and_o there_o they_o stay_v so_o long_o till_o payment_n be_v make_v of_o the_o tribute_n promise_v to_o the_o dane_n amount_v to_o forty_o eight_o thousand_o pound_n which_o we_o read_v of_o likewise_o both_o in_o florentius_n and_o 1012_o hoveden_n but_o this_o be_v pay_v to_o the_o intent_n that_o all_o dane_n which_o be_v in_o the_o kingdom_n shall_v in_o every_o place_n dwell_v peaceable_o by_o the_o english_a and_o that_o both_o people_n shall_v have_v as_o it_o be_v one_o heart_n and_o one_o soul_n as_o it_o be_v express_v by_o florilegus_n other_o passage_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n there_o be_v in_o the_o story_n of_o that_o age_n yea_o and_o some_o of_o a_o elder_a date_n yet_o this_o first_o kind_n of_o tribute_n be_v not_o wont_a to_o be_v pay_v yearly_o but_o levy_v now_o and_o then_o as_o occasion_v require_v notwithstanding_o it_o may_v be_v true_a perhaps_o which_o cottoniana_n some_o write_v that_o ethelred_n in_o the_o aforesaid_a agreement_n of_o the_o year_n mvii_o yield_v to_o pay_v every_o year_n a_o tribute_n of_o thirty_o six_o thousand_o pound_n to_o the_o dane_n for_o a_o long_a continuation_n of_o the_o peace_n we_o read_v here_o that_o he_o yield_v or_o grant_v but_o no_o where_o likewise_o that_o he_o pay_v it_o but_o as_o for_o the_o second_o kind_n of_o tribute_n which_o be_v to_o be_v pay_v as_o we_o have_v tell_v you_o for_o hire_v of_o the_o danish_a navy_n it_o be_v a_o yearly_a tribute_n and_o levy_v at_o the_o same_o time_n at_o least_o in_o the_o same_o year_n to_o wit_n of_o our_o lord_n mxii_o wherein_o these_o forty_o eight_o thousand_o pound_n be_v pay_v to_o procure_v a_o peace_n nor_o be_v it_o limit_v by_o any_o setsumme_n of_o money_n but_o so_o much_o as_o will_v serve_v for_o victual_v and_o clothe_v the_o force_n at_o sea_n florentius_n and_o hoveden_n in_o the_o aforesaid_a year_n say_v after_o these_o thing_n upon_o payment_n of_o the_o tribute_n mean_v that_o of_o forty_o eight_o thousand_o pound_n and_o a_o confirmation_n of_o the_o peace_n by_o oath_n the_o danish_a navy_n which_o be_v before_o in_o a_o body_n be_v dispose_v and_o disperse_v abroad_o afar_o off_o but_o xlv_o ship_n remain_v with_o the_o king_n and_o swear_v fidelity_n to_o he_o and_o promise_v to_o be_v ready_a to_o defend_v england_n against_o foreiner_n upon_o condition_n that_o he_o will_v provide_v they_o victual_n and_o clothe_v this_o be_v relate_v likewise_o in_o the_o english-saxon_a chronicle_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o 1012._o abingdon_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v the_o tribute_n be_v pay_v and_o oath_n of_o amity_n take_v the_o army_n or_o navy_n which_o be_v before_o in_o a_o body_n be_v disperse_v abroad_o but_o forty_o five_o ship_n of_o that_o navy_n remain_v with_o the_o king_n and_o promise_v upon_o oath_n to_o be_v ready_a for_o the_o defence_n of_o this_o land_n upon_o condition_n the_o king_n do_v find_v they_o victual_n and_o clothing_n swain_n be_v at_o that_o time_n king_n of_o denmark_n with_o who_o ethelred_n make_v this_o agreement_n but_o both_o the_o kind_n of_o payment_n aforemention_v be_v call_v danegelo_n danegeld_n or_o danageld_v that_o be_v to_o say_v danish_a tribute_n the_o first_o kind_n be_v express_o intimate_v by_o this_o name_n in_o 21._o joannes_n sarisburiensis_n where_o he_o say_v swain_n waste_v and_o spoil_v the_o island_n of_o britain_n the_o great_a part_n whereof_o he_o have_v in_o his_o possession_n and_o afflict_v the_o member_n of_o christ_n with_o many_o persecution_n by_o a_o imposition_n of_o tribute_n which_o in_o the_o english_a tongue_n they_o call_v danageld_v but_o the_o second_o kind_n which_o be_v pay_v for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o force_n by_o sea_n be_v call_v likewise_o by_o the_o same_o name_n both_o because_o it_o be_v occasion_v by_o the_o agreement_n with_o the_o dane_n as_o also_o because_o it_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v pay_v to_o the_o danish_a fleet_n that_o be_v hire_v to_o guard_v the_o territory_n by_o sea_n for_o which_o cause_n also_o it_o retain_v the_o same_o name_n not_o only_o under_o these_o danish_a king_n canutus_n harold_n the_o first_o and_o hardecanutus_n but_o also_o under_o the_o english-saxon_a or_o english_a and_o that_o this_o which_o we_o have_v speak_v be_v the_o original_a hereof_o be_v affirm_v also_o by_o ingulphus_n the_o abbot_n of_o crowland_n a_o witness_n beyond_o all_o exception_n who_o live_v at_o that_o time_n he_o speak_v of_o the_o affair_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n say_v 897._o in_o the_o year_n mli_o which_o be_v the_o ten_o of_o king_n edward_n in_o regard_v the_o earth_n do_v not_o bring_v forth_o its_o fruit_n in_o such_o plenty_n as_o it_o be_v wont_a but_o devour_v very_o many_o people_n by_o famine_n insomuch_o that_o many_o thousand_o of_o man_n die_v through_o the_o scarcity_n of_o corn_n and_o want_v of_o bread_n therefore_o the_o most_o pious_a king_n edward_n be_v move_v with_o compassion_n towards_o the_o people_n release_v that_o most_o grievous_a tribute_n call_v danigeld_v to_o all_o england_n for_o ever_o it_o be_v report_v by_o some_o that_o this_o most_o religious_a king_n be_v bring_v by_o his_o officer_n into_o the_o exchequer_n to_o see_v the_o danigeld_v that_o be_v collect_v and_o to_o take_v a_o view_n of_o so_o vast_a a_o heap_n of_o treasure_n stand_v amaze_v at_o the_o first_o sight_n
of_o etc._n excester_n and_o in_o those_o day_n it_o be_v usual_a to_o procure_v king_n letter_n common_o call_v in_o the_o language_n of_o the_o law_n protection_n whereby_o privilege_n and_o exemption_n from_o all_o suit_n be_v grant_v to_o those_o that_o be_v employ_v in_o this_o kind_n of_o guard_n or_o defence_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o that_o spend_v their_o time_n super_fw-la saluâ_fw-la custodiâ_fw-la &_o defension_n maris_n 1._o for_o the_o safeguard_n and_o defence_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o the_o form_n of_o the_o word_n have_v it_o which_o we_o frequent_o find_v in_o the_o archive_v moreover_o in_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n of_o the_o same_o king_n reign_n mention_n be_v make_v of_o the_o safeguard_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o de_fw-fr la_fw-fr saufegard_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mire_n as_o of_o a_o thing_n common_o know_v and_o for_o which_o it_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o english_a to_o make_v as_o diligent_a provision_n as_o for_o the_o government_n of_o any_o province_n or_o country_n and_o in_o the_o 29._o twenty_o year_n of_o the_o same_o king_n the_o commons_o prefer_v a_o bill_n that_o a_o strong_a and_o well_o accomplish_a navy_n may_v be_v provide_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o sea_n because_o it_o be_v think_v fit_n be_v all_o the_o commons_n of_o this_o land_n that_o it_o be_v necessary_a the_o see_v be_v keep_v very_o many_o other_o passage_n there_o be_v to_o the_o same_o purpose_n geoffrie_n chaucer_n who_o live_v in_o the_o time_n of_o richard_n the_o second_o and_o be_v a_o man_n very_o know_v in_o the_o affair_n of_o his_o country_n among_o other_o most_o elegant_a and_o lively_a character_n of_o several_a sort_n of_o man_n write_v in_o the_o english_a tongue_n describe_n the_o humour_n of_o a_o english_a merchant_n of_o that_o time_n how_o that_o his_o desire_n above_o all_o thing_n be_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v well_o guard_v never_o leave_v destitute_a of_o such_o protection_n as_o may_v keep_v it_o safe_a and_o quiet_a which_o he_o speak_v to_o set_v out_o the_o whole_a generation_n of_o merchant_n in_o that_o age_n who_o custom_n it_o be_v to_o be_v solicitous_a for_o traffic_v above_o all_o thing_n and_o consequent_o about_o the_o sea_n itself_o which_o will_v not_o afford_v they_o safe_a voyage_n do_v not_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o sovereign_n thereof_o according_a to_o their_o right_n and_o custom_n provide_v for_o the_o security_n of_o this_o as_o a_o province_n under_o their_o protection_n the_o word_n of_o chaucer_n be_v these_o his_o reason_n speak_v he_o full_a solemn_o show_v always_o the_o encrea_n of_o his_o win_n he_o will_v the_o see_v be_v keep_v for_o any_o thing_n betwixe_v middleborough_n and_o orewel_n orewel_o be_v a_o haven_n upon_o the_o coast_n in_o suffolk_n middleborough_n be_v in_o zealand_n the_o whole_a sea_n that_o flow_v between_o britain_n and_o zealand_n the_o english_a merchant_n will_v have_v secure_v this_o they_o be_v wont_v solemn_o and_o unanimous_o to_o pray_v for_o know_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o protection_n of_o they_o part_n of_o the_o duty_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n for_o as_o concern_v any_o protection_n herein_o by_o any_o foreign_a prince_n any_o far_a than_o in_o their_o own_o harbour_n or_o at_o the_o most_o within_o the_o wind_a creek_n between_o those_o island_n which_o they_o possess_v upon_o the_o coast_n of_o germany_n or_o gallia_n belgica_n there_o be_v nothing_o as_o far_o as_o we_o can_v find_v to_o be_v gather_v from_o any_o testimony_n of_o former_a age_n in_o the_o succeed_a age_n likewise_o there_o be_v frequent_a mention_n of_o this_o kind_n of_o guard_n defence_n and_o government_n of_o the_o same_o sea_n as_o will_v hereafter_o more_o full_o appear_v when_o we_o come_v to_o speak_v of_o tribute_n and_o of_o the_o tenor_n and_o variety_n of_o the_o commission_n give_v to_o our_o admiral_n but_o now_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o both_o the_o name_n and_o nature_n of_o this_o guard_n be_v very_o well_o know_v not_o only_o by_o the_o use_n of_o the_o word_n both_o in_o the_o 8._o imperial_a and_o canon_n feclesiae_fw-la law_n wherein_o it_o denote_v that_o the_o guardian_n ought_v to_o take_v a_o diligent_a care_n of_o that_o thing_n whereof_o he_o be_v owner_n who_o do_v either_o lend_v it_o or_o commit_v it_o to_o his_o oversight_n but_o also_o by_o the_o common_a and_o obvious_a use_n which_o the_o english_a make_v of_o the_o same_o word_n in_o other_o office_n or_o government_n for_o in_o those_o day_n of_o old_a when_o the_o title_n of_o guardian_n or_o warden_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v more_o usual_a there_o be_v appoint_v warden_n of_o the_o port_n even_o as_o at_o this_o day_n there_o be_v warden_n of_o the_o county_n who_o be_v those_o commander_n of_o county_n call_v sheriff_n and_o in_o the_o usual_a form_n and_o tenor_n of_o their_o writ_n have_v custodiam_fw-la comitatû_v the_o guard_n or_o defence_n of_o the_o county_n commit_v to_o their_o charge_n warden_n or_o keeper_n of_o the_o march_n or_o border_n keeper_n of_o tower_n or_o castle_n park_n house_n and_o the_o like_a yea_o and_o the_o lord_n lieutenant_n of_o ireland_n be_v especial_o in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n joannis_n john_n and_o etc._n henry_n the_o three_o style_v usual_o warden_n or_o keeper_n of_o ireland_n and_o his_o office_n or_o dignity_n common_o call_v the_o keepership_n of_o ireland_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o john_n duke_n of_o bedford_n and_z humphrey_z duke_n of_o gloucester_n who_o henry_n the_o five_o during_o the_o time_n of_o his_o absence_n in_o france_n depute_v to_o govern_v the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n by_o turn_n be_v call_v custodes_fw-la angliae_fw-la keeper_n of_o england_n as_o we_o very_o often_o find_v both_o in_o etc._n history_n and_o etc._n record_n so_o arthur_n prince_n of_o wales_n be_v make_v 1._o keeper_n of_o england_n while_o henry_n the_o seven_o be_v beyond_o the_o sea_n so_o piers_n gaveston_n be_v keeper_n of_o england_n while_o edward_n the_o second_o remain_v in_o france_n so_o be_v other_o also_o in_o like_a manner_n the_o governor_n also_o of_o the_o island_n of_o jarsey_n and_o garnesey_n and_o the_o rest_n that_o be_v situate_v in_o this_o sea_n who_o now_o be_v style_v governor_n keeper_n or_o captain_n be_v in_o etc._n ancient_a time_n call_v only_o by_o the_o name_n of_o guardian_n or_o keeper_n this_o then_o be_v so_o what_o reason_n have_v we_o to_o think_v that_o our_o ancestor_n do_v not_o use_v the_o same_o notion_n of_o guardian_n or_o keeper_n and_o of_o guard_v or_o keep_v in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o guardian_n and_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o they_o be_v wont_a to_o use_v in_o the_o guard_n and_o keep_n of_o the_o island_n and_o in_o the_o other_o dignity_n or_o office_n before_o mention_v doubtless_o in_o all_o these_o the_o peculiar_a dominion_n and_o sovereignty_n of_o he_o that_o confer_v the_o dignity_n be_v so_o clear_o signify_v and_o include_v that_o his_o dominion_n or_o ownership_n of_o the_o thing_n to_o be_v keep_v and_o guard_v as_o well_o as_o authority_n over_o the_o person_n dignify_v be_v plain_o imply_v in_o this_o title_n nor_o be_v it_o to_o be_v omit_v that_o in_o ancient_a time_n before_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o high_a admiral_n of_o england_n be_v sufficient_o establish_v by_o our_o king_n and_o settle_v so_o distinct_a that_o the_o command_n and_o government_n of_o the_o sea_n do_v belong_v only_o to_o they_o the_o governor_n or_o keeper_n of_o the_o province_n who_o we_o call_v sheriff_n of_o the_o county_n by_o virtue_n of_o their_o office_n have_v also_o some_o custody_n or_o command_n of_o part_n of_o that_o sea_n which_o adjoin_v to_o their_o respective_a province_n as_o of_o a_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n which_o true_o to_o let_v pass_v other_o proof_n be_v sufficient_o evident_a by_o this_o that_o many_o time_n in_o those_o day_n they_o who_o by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o land_n be_v wont_a as_o at_o this_o day_n to_o put_v in_o execution_n the_o command_v of_o the_o king_n in_o those_o place_n only_o that_o be_v commit_v several_o to_o their_o charge_n and_o custody_n do_v do_v the_o same_o also_o in_o the_o sea_n itself_o as_o well_o as_o in_o any_o land-province_n belong_v to_o he_o from_o who_o they_o receive_v their_o authority_n for_o by_o virtue_n of_o their_o ordinary_a power_n derive_v from_o the_o king_n and_o such_o as_o be_v found_v upon_o the_o very_a same_o right_n by_o which_o they_o hold_v the_o government_n of_o the_o county_n or_o province_n they_o do_v oftentimes_o remove_v the_o king_n ship_n and_o fleet_n from_o one_o port_n to_o another_o by_o sea_n as_o through_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o province_n that_o be_v commit_v to_o their_o
12._o there_o be_v say_v he_o four_o governor_n of_o the_o french_a sea_n who_o bear_v a_o equal_a command_n under_o a_o different_a title_n and_o upon_o several_a coast_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o in_o ancient_a time_n aquitain_n be_v possess_v by_o the_o english_a bretaign_v by_o its_o duke_n provence_n by_o hereditary_a earl_n not_o by_o the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o therefore_o at_o that_o time_n the_o admiral_n of_o france_n have_v command_v only_o over_o the_o belgic_a sea_n of_o picardy_n and_o normandy_n as_o far_o as_o the_o coast_n of_o bretaign_n but_o then_o all_o the_o other_o border_a prince_n choose_v governor_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o admiral_n peculiar_o for_o themselves_o and_o therefore_o the_o english_a be_v drive_v out_o of_o aquitain_n and_o the_o country_n of_o provence_n and_o bretaign_v be_v bring_v into_o subjection_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n the_o king_n suppose_v it_o not_o fit_a to_o innovate_v any_o thing_n appoint_v a_o lieutenant_n and_o admiral_n of_o aquitain_n likewise_o a_o governor_n of_o bretaign_n with_o the_o government_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o also_o in_o the_o province_n of_o gallia_n narbonensis_n in_o a_o manner_n distinct_a and_o apart_o from_o the_o rest_n but_o the_o chief_a court_n of_o judicature_n belong_v to_o the_o french_a admiral_n be_v settle_v at_o paris_n and_o rouen_n so_o he_o and_o a_o little_a after_o he_o write_v that_o there_o be_v prince_n not_o a_o few_o who_o hold_v the_o seacoast_n as_o beneficiaries_n that_o enjoy_v the_o power_n of_o admiral_n in_o their_o territory_n but_o we_o have_v edict_n and_o decree_n concern_v the_o admiral_n be_v jurisdiction_n over_o the_o maritime_a force_n affair_n and_o person_n in_o the_o time_n of_o 10._o charles_n the_o five_o and_o sixth_o lewis_n the_o 12_o the_o francis_n the_o first_o henry_n the_o 2_o d_o &_o 3_o d_o and_o other_o king_n of_o france_n as_o also_o touch_v the_o ten_o of_o spoil_n take_v from_o enemy_n and_o other_o thing_n of_o that_o kind_n which_o relate_v unto_o the_o good_n and_o person_n of_o such_o as_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o any_o manner_n of_o navigation_n whatsoêver_o and_o in_o these_o edict_n he_o be_v sometime_o call_v by_o the_o king_n nostre_fw-fr 148â—_n lieutenant_n general_n per_fw-la la_fw-fr mer_fw-fr &_o greve_n d'icelle_n that_o be_v our_o lieutenant_n general_a throughout_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o shore_n thereof_o but_o this_o lieutenant_n or_o governor_n as_o they_o plea_n to_o call_v he_o of_o the_o sea_n be_v never_o at_o all_o in_o command_n over_o any_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n flow_v between_o france_n and_o britain_n as_o over_o a_o province_n or_o territorie_n to_o be_v defend_v for_o the_o king_n of_o france_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n but_o in_o the_o sea_n only_o over_o the_o 3._o naval_a force_n person_n and_o affair_n belong_v to_o the_o french_a jurisdiction_n much_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o a_o sovereign_a prince_n take_v cognizance_n of_o offender_n of_o his_o own_o retinue_n in_o a_o foreign_a territory_n and_o rule_n be_v they_o as_o at_o home_n but_o without_o any_o pretence_n of_o he_o to_o a_o right_a of_o dominion_n in_o that_o territory_n which_o true_o there_o be_v no_o man_n but_o will_v conceiv_v that_o shall_v in_o the_o first_o place_n observe_v the_o defect_n and_o deep_a silence_n of_o ancient_a testimony_n touch_v such_o a_o kind_n of_o dominion_n among_o the_o french_a beside_o the_o quality_n of_o that_o government_n among_o they_o and_o at_o length_n the_o entire_a and_o most_o ample_a power_n always_o exercise_v throughout_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o shore_n lie_v about_o it_o under_o the_o sole_a command_n of_o the_o english_a and_o will_v but_o compare_v it_o for_o so_o many_o revolution_n of_o year_n with_o those_o so_o long_o break_v and_o divide_v dominion_n upon_o the_o opposite_a shore_n of_o france_n and_o with_o the_o late_a addition_n of_o the_o sea-coast_n to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n according_a to_o those_o thing_n which_o have_v be_v already_o speak_v about_o it_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o there_o be_v no_o testimony_n before_o our_o time_n concern_v any_o dominion_n of_o this_o sea_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o in_o our_o time_n except_o certain_a lawyer_n who_o speak_v of_o it_o either_o by_o the_o by_o or_o in_o a_o rhetorical_a flourish_n only_o not_o in_o a_o way_n of_o assert_v it_o by_o strength_n of_o argument_n of_o these_o thing_n i_o have_v speak_v already_o in_o the_o former_a book_n where_o also_o other_o matter_n be_v allege_v of_o special_a observation_n which_o confirm_v what_o be_v handle_v in_o this_o particular_a but_o now_o let_v we_o add_v hereunto_o that_o the_o very_a french_a historian_n both_o of_o the_o past_a and_o present_a age_n do_v affirm_v that_o in_o ancient_a time_n the_o king_n of_o france_n therefore_o either_o have_v no_o admiral_n at_o all_o or_o else_o that_o they_o be_v constitute_v now_o and_o then_o only_o as_o occasion_v require_v because_o they_o have_v no_o empire_n over_o the_o sea_n as_o tilius_fw-la say_v express_o in_o the_o place_n abovementioned_a in_o vain_a therefore_o do_v 9_o popellinerius_n reprehend_v those_o historian_n in_o say_v it_o be_v false_a because_o normandy_n picardy_n and_o flanders_n be_v heretofore_o under_o the_o french_a dominion_n for_o not_o to_o mention_v this_o that_o the_o king_n of_o france_n reign_v a_o long_a time_n without_o the_o possession_n of_o normandy_n and_o flanders_n and_o retain_v not_o any_o other_o shore_n beside_o that_o of_o picardy_n as_o appear_v by_o what_o have_v be_v already_o show_v and_o by_o the_o frequent_a testimony_n of_o historian_n and_o the_o consequence_n do_v not_o appear_v to_o be_v good_a that_o they_o have_v any_o command_n over_o the_o sea_n because_o they_o be_v in_o possession_n of_o some_o sea-coast_n no_o more_o true_o than_o it_o may_v be_v conclude_v that_o a_o man_n be_v lord_n of_o a_o river_n in_o france_n because_o he_o have_v land_n lie_v by_o it_o whereas_o by_o receive_a custom_n according_a to_o the_o 16._o law_n of_o france_n the_o king_n be_v owner_n of_o all_o river_n that_o be_v navigable_a where_o they_o belong_v not_o to_o some_o subject_n by_o a_o particular_a prescription_n of_o possession_n or_o some_o other_o title_n beside_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o adjacent_a land_n as_o the_o custom_n be_v not_o unusual_a also_o in_o other_o place_n but_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v the_o quality_n of_o this_o maritime_a government_n among_o the_o french_a it_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v that_o as_o every_o one_o of_o the_o more_o eminent_a office_n or_o government_n have_v a_o peculiar_a place_n in_o their_o high_a court_n of_o parliament_n and_o that_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o government_n as_o it_o chief_o respect_n any_o province_n or_o government_n within_o the_o limit_n of_o the_o french_a dominion_n as_o the_o constable_n the_o grand_a escuyer_n or_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n the_o grand_a master_n and_o other_o yet_o the_o admiral_n of_o france_n have_v no_o place_n at_o all_o upon_o that_o account_n as_o it_o be_v determine_v in_o the_o time_n of_o 5._o henry_n the_o second_o when_o such_o a_o place_n be_v plain_o deny_v to_o gaspar_n collignie_a admiral_n of_o france_n as_o he_o be_v admiral_n or_o have_v the_o maritime_a government_n but_o it_o be_v grant_v he_o as_o governor_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o france_n as_o they_o call_v it_o under_o the_o king_n for_o by_o the_o title_n of_o admiral_n he_o have_v no_o government_n in_o chief_a within_o the_o limit_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o because_o be_v admiral_n of_o the_o fleet_n and_o sea_n in_o the_o aforesaid_a since_o which_o be_v out_o of_o the_o king_n dominion_n he_o exercise_v jurisdiction_n over_o person_n and_o affair_n only_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o sea_n therefore_o in_o this_o respect_n he_o be_v to_o be_v deny_v any_o place_n for_o which_o cause_n likewise_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v as_o it_o seem_v that_o those_o four_o distinct_a admiral_n beforementioned_a have_v in_o like_a manner_n also_o a_o government_n of_o province_n from_o which_o they_o be_v wont_v to_o be_v denominate_v as_o we_o understand_v by_o these_o passage_n already_o cite_v out_o of_o choppinus_n and_o other_o that_o write_v of_o this_o matter_n so_o they_o that_o have_v any_o principal_a command_n within_o the_o limit_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o be_v within_o the_o shore_n of_o france_n do_v enjoie_v a_o equal_a privilege_n with_o the_o other_o more_o eminent_a dignity_n of_o the_o realm_n moreover_o also_o the_o regulation_n of_o those_o river_n whereof_o the_o king_n of_o france_n be_v lord_n be_v not_o under_o the_o admiral_n be_v government_n but_o under_o the_o special_a charge_n of_o those_o
to_o the_o royal_a patrimony_n of_o england_n to_o the_o end_n that_o no_o man_n may_v question_v whether_o the_o sea_n belong_v to_o his_o king_n by_o the_o right_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n or_o of_o the_o duchy_n of_o normandy_n or_o of_o any_o other_o province_n in_o france_n another_o also_o who_o write_v in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o eight_o say_v it_o have_v be_v receive_v by_o ancient_a custom_n that_o it_o be_v a_o duty_n lie_v upon_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o lord_z of_o the_o british_a sea_n to_o scour_v the_o sea_n of_o pirate_n and_o to_o render_v the_o use_n thereof_o as_o of_o a_o public_a road_n or_o thoroughfare_a who_o soil_n be_v within_o his_o patrimony_n safe_a for_o ship_n for_o he_o express_v himself_o in_o english_a thus_o 51._o the_o king_n of_o the_o old_a custom_n of_o the_o realm_n as_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o narrow_a sea_n be_v bind_v as_o it_o be_v say_v to_o scour_v the_o sea_n of_o the_o pirate_n and_o petit_fw-la robber_n of_o the_o sea_n so_o much_o also_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v dominion_n be_v without_o controversy_n admit_v by_o our_o 260._o lawyer_n of_o late_a time_n and_o it_o appear_v by_o public_a record_n contain_v divers_a main_a point_n touch_v which_o the_o judge_n be_v to_o be_v consult_v for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o common-weal_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o that_o the_o king_n sea-dominion_n which_o they_o call_v the_o ancient_a superiority_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v a_o matter_n out_o of_o question_n among_o our_o lawyer_n of_o that_o age._n but_o consultation_n be_v have_v for_o the_o more_o convenient_a guard_n of_o it_o for_o the_o whole_a bench_n of_o judge_n be_v advise_v with_o to_o the_o end_n so_o we_o read_v it_o in_o the_o condinensi_fw-la record_n and_o that_o be_v especial_o to_o be_v observe_v which_o we_o find_v here_o about_o the_o first_o beginning_n of_o the_o naval_a law_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o oleron_n seat_v in_o the_o creek_n of_o aquitain_n at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n charente_n that_o the_o form_n of_o proceed_v heretofore_o ordain_v and_o begin_v by_o edward_n the_o first_o grandfather_n of_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n at_o the_o prosecution_n of_o his_o subject_n may_v be_v resume_v and_o continue_v for_o the_o retain_v and_o conserve_n of_o the_o ancient_a superiority_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o england_n and_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o office_n of_o admiralty_n in_o the_o same_o as_o to_o the_o correct_v expound_v declare_v and_o conserve_n the_o law_n and_o statute_n long_o since_o make_v by_o his_o predecessor_n king_n of_o england_n for_o the_o maintain_n of_o peace_n and_o justice_n among_o all_o people_n of_o what_o nation_n soëver_o pass_v through_o the_o sea_n of_o england_n and_o to_o take_v cognisance_n of_o all_o attempt_n to_o the_o contrary_a in_o the_o same_o and_o to_o punish_v offender_n and_o award_n satisfaction_n to_o such_o as_o suffer_v wrong_a and_o damage_n which_o law_n and_o statute_n be_v by_o the_o lord_n richard_n heretofore_o king_n of_o england_n at_o his_o return_n from_o the_o holy_a land_n interpret_v declare_v and_o publish_v in_o the_o isle_n of_o oleron_n and_o name_v in_o french_a le_fw-fr ley_fw-fr olyroun_n here_o you_o have_v it_o declare_v as_o a_o thing_n most_o receive_v and_o certain_a that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v by_o ancient_a right_n be_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o the_o same_o name_n or_o that_o which_o flow'_v about_o it_o but_o that_o whereof_o the_o bench_n of_o judge_n be_v to_o consult_v be_v only_o about_o the_o orderly_a maintenance_n of_o this_o right_n nor_o be_v it_o true_o a_o small_a sign_n of_o this_o dominion_n that_o richard_n the_o first_o king_n of_o england_n be_v in_o the_o isle_n of_o oleron_n which_o he_o possess_v as_o seat_v in_o his_o own_o sea_n not_o so_o much_o for_o that_o he_o be_v duke_n of_o aquitain_n as_o king_n of_o england_n whereof_o we_o have_v already_o speak_v do_v as_o sole_a ruler_n and_o moderator_n of_o sea-affair_n first_o publish_v those_o naval_a or_o sea-law_n in_o that_o his_o island_n which_o hold_v in_o force_n to_o this_o day_n and_o from_o that_o time_n give_v they_o so_o large_a and_o perpetual_a a_o authority_n by_o that_o name_n that_o as_o the_o rhodian_a naval_a law_n as_o the_o case_n stand_v do_v prove_v that_o the_o rhodian_o in_o ancient_a time_n be_v lord_n of_o the_o grecian_a sea_n so_o the_o law_n of_o oleron_n have_v 19_o obtain_v such_o a_o kind_n of_o authority_n by_o sea_n from_o their_o first_o institution_n must_v ever_o declare_v the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o the_o author_n to_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o neighbour_a sea_n round_o about_o but_o some_o print_a copy_n of_o these_o law_n make_v they_o about_o sixty_o year_n late_a than_o the_o reign_n of_o that_o richard_n by_o what_o authority_n i_o can_v tell_v for_o they_o relate_v they_o to_o have_v be_v make_v in_o the_o year_n mcclxvi_o which_o be_v the_o fifty_o year_n of_o our_o henry_n the_o three_o also_o in_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n it_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o privilege_n of_o such_o as_o be_v absent_a that_o they_o who_o shall_v be_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n at_o the_o levy_n of_o a_o fine_a of_o any_o land_n and_o make_v proclamation_n thereupon_o be_v not_o so_o bind_v either_o by_o a_o yearly_a prescription_n as_o heretofore_o or_o by_o a_o five_o year_n prescription_n as_o be_v usual_a of_o late_a time_n but_o that_o their_o right_a remain_n entire_a to_o they_o upon_o their_o return_n home_o if_o they_o make_v their_o claim_n within_o the_o like_a space_n of_o time_n but_o intra_fw-la regnum_fw-la within_o the_o kingdom_n be_v by_o the_o same_o law_n take_v and_o that_o in_o the_o usual_a phrase_n for_o that_o which_o be_v intra_fw-la or_o as_o it_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v barbarous_o render_v infra_fw-la quatuor_fw-la maria_fw-la within_o the_o etc._n four_o sea_n to_o wit_n the_o southern_a western_a eastern_a and_o that_o northern_a sea_n which_o wash_v both_o the_o side_n of_o that_o neck_n of_o land_n whereby_o scotland_n be_v unite_v to_o england_n that_o be_v to_o say_v within_o the_o outmost_a bound_n of_o the_o english_a empire_n in_o those_o four_o sea_n or_o within_o the_o opposite_a shore_n of_o the_o eastern_a and_o southern_a sea_n or_o port_n belong_v to_o other_o prince_n and_o within_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o northern_a and_o western_a sea_n which_o indeed_o be_v to_o be_v bound_v after_o another_o manner_n but_o yet_o to_o be_v bound_v that_o be_v accordirng_a to_o the_o extent_n of_o possession_n westward_o beyond_o the_o western_a shore_n of_o ireland_n and_o by_o the_o first_o beginning_n of_o that_o sea_n which_o be_v of_o the_o scotish_n name_n and_o jurisdiction_n but_o that_o which_o be_v oppose_v to_o this_o particle_n intra_fw-la quatuor_fw-la maria_fw-la within_o the_o four_o sea_n be_v that_o lichford_n extra_fw-la quatuor_fw-la maria_fw-la without_o the_o four_o sea_n or_o to_o be_v in_o the_o part_n so_o beyond_o the_o sea_n that_o they_o be_v beyond_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n from_o whence_o we_o be_v to_o determine_v of_o the_o bound_n or_o exterior_a limit_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o although_o the_o land_n of_o england_n be_v sometime_o use_v for_o that_o which_o be_v the_o whole_a realm_n or_o english_a empire_n as_o signify_v the_o same_o a_o more_o ordinary_a and_o indeed_o more_o brief_a expression_n be_v apply_v as_o be_v usual_a in_o stead_n of_o a_o more_o large_a yet_o it_o certain_o appear_v that_o extra_fw-la quatuor_fw-la maria_fw-la without_o the_o four_o sea_n and_o extra_fw-la regnum_fw-la without_o the_o realm_n do_v in_o our_o law-book_n signify_v the_o very_a same_o thing_n that_o be_v to_o say_v so_o far_o as_o the_o extent_n and_o latitude_n of_o the_o whole_a english_a empire_n be_v comprehend_v in_o the_o name_n of_o realm_n not_o as_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n be_v now_o and_o then_o distinguish_v in_o 23._o our_o law_n from_o ireland_n which_o also_o be_v a_o distinct_a dominion_n of_o the_o same_o empire_n or_o from_o the_o other_o island_n which_o be_v reckon_v in_o the_o royal_a patrimony_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n for_o it_o be_v usual_a in_o the_o language_n of_o the_o law_n so_o to_o describe_v he_o who_o in_o that_o since_o shall_v be_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n and_o whereas_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o richard_n the_o second_o to_o a_o objection_n make_v against_o one_o that_o will_v avoid_v the_o yearly_a prescription_n as_o not_o bind_v by_o it_o for_o that_o he_o be_v not_o in_o england_n it_o be_v except_v that_o he_o be_v in_o scotland_n and_o so_o within_o the_o four_o sea_n it_o be_v thereupon_o 13._o answer_v and_o rule_v
by_o the_o court_n that_o the_o exception_n be_v of_o no_o force_n for_o that_o scotland_n be_v not_o within_o the_o bound_n and_o limit_n of_o england_n so_o that_o within_o the_o four_o sea_n and_o within_o the_o realm_n signify_v one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n from_o whence_o these_o term_n out_o of_o the_o realm_n and_o without_o the_o four_o sea_n become_v one_o and_o the_o same_o also_o to_o be_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n be_v very_o 441._o often_o repeat_v in_o this_o â—enâ—_n also_o by_o littleton_n the_o most_o excellent_a of_o all_o our_o law-writer_n signify_v no_o other_o thing_n than_o what_o he_o render_v it_o in_o 360_o another_o place_n by_z one_o who_o ala_fw-la oustere_a le_z mere_a cross_v the_o sea_n or_o go_v beyond_o sea_n â—rom_o thence_o also_o it_o seem_v to_o have_v proceed_v that_o whereas_o with_o we_o among_o the_o several_a temporal_a excuse_n of_o defendant_n who_o be_v summon_v to_o appear_v in_o court_n in_o our_o law_n we_o call_v they_o civilian_n essoin_v there_o be_v two_o allege_v whereof_o the_o one_o be_v entitle_v de_fw-la ultra_fw-la mare_fw-la the_o other_o de_fw-fr malo_fw-la veniendi_fw-la and_o this_o latter_a be_v allow_v to_o he_o that_o be_v hinder_v by_o any_o kind_n of_o misfortune_n whatsoever_o within_o the_o sea_n or_o on_o this_o side_n of_o the_o more_o remote_a bound_n of_o those_o sea_n which_o belong_v to_o england_n but_o the_o former_a to_o he_o who_o live'_v without_o or_o beyond_o the_o sea_n belong_v to_o the_o english_a empire_n from_o thence_o it_o seem_v i_o say_v to_o have_v proceed_v that_o in_o former_a time_n when_o there_o be_v a_o more_o frequent_a use_n in_o court_n of_o this_o kind_n of_o excuse_n a_o defendant_n be_v absent_a in_o ireland_n may_v lawful_o make_v use_n of_o the_o latter_a form_n of_o essoin_fw-fr but_o not_o of_o the_o former_a nevertheless_o if_o through_o ignorance_n he_o do_v make_v use_n of_o this_o it_o take_v on_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o latter_a that_o be_v whole_o quit_v all_o its_o own_o nature_n it_o depend_v upon_o this_o that_o the_o defendant_n according_a to_o the_o more_o vulgar_a sensâ—_n or_o acception_n live_v beyond-sea_n for_o according_a to_o receive_a custom_n the_o nature_n of_o they_o both_o be_v such_o that_o when_o any_o one_o may_v lawful_o use_v the_o former_a he_o may_v also_o after_o a_o while_n likewise_o enjoy_v the_o benefit_n of_o the_o latter_a but_o in_o the_o say_a kind_n of_o essoin_n or_o excuse_n the_o former_a not_o be_v lawful_o make_v use_n of_o but_o yet_o turn_v into_o the_o latter_a by_o construction_n of_o law_n lest_o it_o shall_v become_v of_o no_o use_n there_o be_v no_o place_n for_o the_o latter_a to_o the_o end_n it_o may_v not_o be_v iterate_v contrary_a to_o custom_n the_o matter_n itself_o be_v thus_o decide_v in_o the_o time_n of_o k._n henry_n the_o three_o as_o it_o be_v describe_v by_o henry_n bracton_n after_o this_o manner_n esto_fw-la say_v 2._o he_o quòd_fw-la quis_fw-la se_fw-la essoniaverit_fw-la de_fw-fr ibernia_n quasi_fw-la de_fw-la ultra_fw-la mare_fw-la attornatur_fw-la essonium_fw-la illud_fw-la ad_fw-la simplex_fw-la essonium_fw-la de_fw-la malo_fw-la veniendi_fw-la ut_fw-la coram_fw-la martino_n de_fw-fr patteshul_n in_o banco_n anno_fw-la regis_fw-la henrici_fw-la sexto_fw-la de_fw-la gilberto_n mariscallo_n &_o ceciliâ_fw-la uxore_fw-la ejus_fw-la &_o allano_n de_fw-fr hyda_n qui_fw-la vocavit_fw-la ad_fw-la warrantum_fw-la willielmum_fw-la mariscallum_fw-la in_o comitatu_fw-la pembroke_n &_o qui_fw-la se_fw-la essoniavit_fw-la de_fw-fr ibernia_n &_o non_fw-la fuit_fw-la allocatum_fw-la &_o postea_fw-la fecit_fw-la de_fw-la hoc_fw-la quòd_fw-la aliud_fw-la essonium_fw-la de_fw-la malo_fw-la veniendi_fw-la ad_fw-la alium_fw-la diem_fw-la non_fw-la fuit_fw-la allocatum_fw-la so_o much_o we_o find_v also_o in_o the_o ancient_a author_n of_o that_o book_n entitle_v 8._o fleta_n doubtless_o ireland_n be_v no_o less_o seat_v beyond_o sea_n than_o either_o france_n or_o spain_n unless_o you_o take_v that_o decision_n as_o relate_v only_o to_o the_o civil_a notion_n of_o this_o kind_n of_o situation_n to_o wit_n that_o it_o be_v not_o situate_a beyond_o that_o sea_n which_o be_v a_o part_n and_o territory_n of_o the_o english_a empire_n but_o place_v therein_o and_o comprehend_v under_o one_o and_o the_o same_o supreme_a power_n with_o england_n and_o so_o that_o a_o excuse_v or_o essoin_fw-fr de_fw-fr ultra_fw-la mare_fw-la be_v not_o in_o that_o kind_n to_o be_v admit_v in_o the_o ancient_a 12b._o record_n also_o concern_v the_o custom_n of_o our_o court_n of_o admiralty_n we_o read_v it_o be_v a_o usual_a custom_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o first_o who_o die_v anno_fw-la dom._n mcxxxvi_o and_o of_o other_o king_n both_o before_o and_o after_o he_o that_o if_o any_o man_n accuse_v of_o a_o capital_a crime_n do_v by_o sea_n be_v public_o call_v five_o time_n by_o the_o voice_n of_o the_o crier_n after_o so_o many_o several_a day_n assign_v do_v not_o make_v his_o appearance_n in_o the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n he_o be_v banish_v out_o of_o england_n &_o de_fw-fr mer_fw-fr appertinent_a au_fw-fr roy_fw-fr d_o d'angleterre_fw-fr or_o out_o of_o the_o sea_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n for_o forty_o year_n more_o or_o less_o according_a to_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o admiral_n other_o particular_n there_o be_v that_o relate_v hereunto_o about_o action_n for_o matter_n arise_v in_o this_o sea_n that_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v enter_v in_o express_a term_n heretofore_o in_o the_o alia_fw-la ordinary_a court_n of_o our_o common_a law_n whoâ—e_a jurisdiction_n be_v ever_o esteem_v of_o such_o a_o nature_n that_o a_o action_n institute_v about_o a_o matter_n arise_v in_o any_o other_o place_n than_o within_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v by_o the_o ancient_a strict_a law_n always_o to_o be_v reject_v by_o they_o after_o which_o manner_n as_o it_o have_v be_v a_o custom_n now_o for_o many_o year_n that_o a_o action_n ought_v to_o be_v reject_v unless_o the_o matter_n have_v its_o rise_n within_o the_o body_n as_o they_o call_v it_o of_o the_o county_n that_o be_v within_o some_o province_n or_o county_n of_o the_o island_n usual_o give_v in_o charge_n to_o certain_a governor_n or_o officer_n know_v to_o we_o by_o the_o name_n of_o sheriff_n so_o also_o be_v it_o in_o this_o sea-province_n belong_v by_o the_o ancient_a receive_v custom_n to_o the_o high_a admiral_n or_o his_o deputy_n not_o only_o so_o far_o as_o concern_v its_o defence_n and_o guard_n but_o also_o as_o to_o matter_n of_o jurisdiction_n so_o that_o at_o length_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v without_o controversy_n admit_v and_o assert_v also_o both_o by_o the_o determination_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n and_o by_o the_o express_a word_n of_o the_o writ_n and_o form_n of_o the_o action_n themselves_o nor_o be_v that_o of_o any_o force_n at_o all_o to_o the_o contrary_a which_o either_o our_o countryman_n bracton_n the_o lawyer_n as_o have_v be_v say_v or_o some_o other_o of_o late_a as_o well_o as_o ancient_a time_n that_o be_v follower_n of_o he_o but_o in_o too_o careless_a a_o manner_n while_o they_o 4._o set_v down_o the_o institution_n of_o our_o english_a law_n have_v unadvised_o utter_v by_o the_o way_n touch_v that_o ancient_a community_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o of_o fish_v also_o in_o river_n according_a to_o the_o book_n of_o justinian_n as_o if_o such_o a_o kind_n of_o community_n be_v admit_v in_o our_o law_n true_o that_o which_o they_o have_v so_o let_v slip_v be_v not_o so_o much_o to_o be_v take_v as_o contrary_a to_o the_o know_a law_n of_o the_o land_n in_o this_o particular_a for_o even_o bracton_n himself_o as_o i_o have_v show_v have_v divers_a other_o passage_n that_o signify_v this_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n as_o it_o be_v to_o be_v reckon_v for_o some_o of_o the_o relic_n of_o ulpian_n or_o of_o the_o school_n of_o the_o imperial_a law_n too_o slight_o and_o careless_o add_v by_o the_o way_n in_o writing_n and_o the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v of_o 21._o one_o or_o two_o more_o of_o our_o writer_n who_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o reason_v receive_v for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o the_o imperial_a law_n touch_v the_o middle_n of_o a_o river_n and_o a_o island_n rise_v therein_o do_v by_o the_o way_n but_o ignorant_o make_v the_o middle_n of_o the_o sea_n flow_v between_o to_o be_v the_o bound_n of_o this_o sea-dominion_n of_o our_o king_n moreover_o the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v likewise_o of_o the_o londinens_fw-la commissioner_n of_o queen_n elisabeth_n who_o treat_v at_o bremen_n with_o the_o commissioner_n of_o christiern_n the_o four_o king_n of_o denmark_n about_o a_o freedom_n of_o navigation_n through_o the_o northern_a sea_n object_n a_o perpetual_a community_n of_o every_o kind_n of_o
that_o libel_n by_o so_o many_o nation_n moreover_o true_o it_o be_v worthy_a observation_n that_o about_o the_o very_a same_o time_n to_o wit_n a_o little_a before_o the_o make_n of_o the_o league_n the_o king_n of_o england_n do_v homage_n to_o the_o french_a king_n for_o the_o duchy_n of_o 40b._o aquitain_n the_o earldom_n of_o pontois_n and_o other_o province_n that_o he_o hold_v in_o france_n that_o he_o be_v also_o whole_o deprive_v of_o they_o some_o time_n before_o by_o decree_n of_o the_o parliament_n of_o alii_fw-la paris_n yea_o and_o that_o about_o one_o hundred_o year_n before_o king_n john_n be_v out_v of_o normandy_n and_o yet_o afterward_o that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n now_o and_o then_o regain_v a_o possession_n of_o it_o and_o that_o before_o the_o time_n of_o the_o league_n and_o of_o the_o publication_n of_o this_o libel_n which_o serve_v all_o to_o this_o end_n that_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o when_o the_o aforesaid_a famous_a controversy_n arise_v about_o the_o use_n and_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o sea_n flow_v between_o france_n and_o britain_n and_o the_o absolute_a dominion_n thereof_o be_v asscribe_v by_o so_o many_o nation_n upon_o a_o title_n derive_v time_n out_o of_o mind_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o his_o predecessor_n yet_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n no_o title_n at_o all_o be_v pretend_v in_o right_a to_o their_o possession_n either_o of_o normandy_n or_o aquitain_n whereupon_o a_o dominion_n of_o any_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n may_v in_o any_o sort_n be_v ground_v but_o claim_v upon_o the_o sole_a right_n of_o the_o english_a empire_n and_o it_o appear_v evident_a by_o the_o thing_n itself_o that_o the_o thing_n complain_v of_o by_o those_o nation_n in_o the_o libel_n be_v do_v by_o that_o governor_n of_o the_o french_a navy_n chief_o in_o the_o sea_n near_o the_o shore_n of_o france_n and_o flanders_n which_o be_v in_o hostility_n with_o each_o other_o and_o so_o certain_o they_o all_o unanimous_o affirm_v that_o the_o whole_a sea_n whereof_o they_o speak_v be_v under_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o that_o upon_o the_o sole_a account_n and_o right_n of_o the_o english_a empire_n and_o as_o for_o grimbald_n he_o do_v not_o defend_v himself_o either_o by_o a_o pretence_n of_o any_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n or_o by_o disprove_v of_o that_o prescription_n whereupon_o the_o english_a title_n depend_v as_o a_o thing_n not_o declare_v according_a to_o truth_n or_o ancient_a right_n nor_o do_v he_o at_o all_o pretend_v that_o the_o right_n which_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v in_o the_o sea_n board_n ring_n upon_o france_n do_v belong_v to_o they_o either_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o normandy_n or_o any_o other_o french_a province_n whatsoêver_o as_o fiduciarie_n client_n or_o vassal_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n though_o it_o have_v be_v convenient_a and_o very_o seasonable_a for_o he_o to_o have_v allege_v all_o these_o particular_n if_o the_o truth_n have_v be_v so_o indeed_o whereby_o also_o that_o be_v not_o a_o little_a confirm_v whereof_o we_o discourse_v before_o about_o take_v the_o name_n of_o the_o shore_n over_o against_o we_o in_o the_o late_a commission_n of_o the_o office_n of_o high_a admiral_n of_o england_n for_o limit_n only_o of_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o of_o the_o province_n thereof_o under_o their_o protection_n moreover_o also_o about_o seven_o year_n before_o the_o exhibit_v of_o the_o aforesaid_a libel_n to_o the_o commissioner_n when_o as_o the_o king_n of_o france_n by_o reason_n of_o divers_a heinous_a injury_n do_v to_o his_o subject_n by_o the_o english_a in_o this_o sea_n require_v that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o he_o be_v the_o fiduciarie_n client_n or_o vassal_n because_o of_o aquitain_n and_o other_o province_n that_o he_o hold_v under_o he_o in_o france_n shall_v be_v question_v not_o only_o for_o wrong_v do_v but_o also_o for_o his_o right_n to_o those_o land_n which_o he_o hold_v and_o be_v summon_v to_o appear_v in_o the_o parliament_n of_o paris_n the_o matter_n be_v set_v down_o at_o large_a in_o the_o letter_n of_o summons_n he_o insert_v nothing_o therein_o whereby_o he_o may_v seem_v to_o arrogate_v any_o sea-dominion_n at_o all_o to_o himself_o or_o diminish_v that_o which_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o 1293._o i_o lorilegus_fw-la who_o have_v set_v down_o a_o entire_a copy_n of_o they_o in_o his_o annal_n the_o same_o author_n also_o speak_v of_o the_o same_o time_n say_v 1294._o at_o that_o time_n there_o be_v neither_o lord_n nor_o law_n over_o the_o sea_n man_n but_o what_o every_o man_n be_v able_a to_o catch_v or_o snatch_v he_o call_v his_o own_o which_o plain_o denote_n a_o extraordinary_a licence_n or_o of_o depredation_n and_o infest_v the_o sea_n yet_o so_o to_o be_v understand_v that_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o incomparable_a power_n of_o the_o english_a in_o ship_n which_o guard_v their_o dominion_n by_o sea_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o their_o ancestor_n be_v chief_o signify_v thereby_o the_o king_n very_o free_o permit_v his_o subject_n to_o use_v depredation_n by_o sea_n as_o long_o as_o the_o war_n continue_v for_o florilegus_n himself_o relate_n that_o great_a number_n both_o of_o french_a and_o spaniard_n be_v then_o take_v at_o sea_n by_o the_o english_a yea_o and_o about_o 1297_o that_o time_n thomas_n of_o walsingham_n write_v that_o either_o a_o french_a or_o norman_a navy_n of_o two_o hundred_o sail_n which_o rove_v about_o this_o sea_n to_o rob_v the_o english_a be_v overcome_v by_o a_o fleet_n of_o sixty_o english_a ship_n and_o bring_v into_o england_n there_o be_v also_o another_o ancient_a author_n of_o the_o same_o time_n when_o these_o affair_n be_v act_v who_o say_v ms._n that_o in_o the_o month_n of_o may_n mccxciv_o there_o fall_v out_o a_o quarrel_n between_o the_o seaman_n of_o the_o cinque-port_n of_o england_n and_o the_o seaman_n of_o france_n and_o it_o be_v determine_v by_o a_o fight_n at_o sea_n wherein_o the_o english_a with_o a_o fleet_n of_o one_o hundred_o sail_n take_v two_o hundred_o ship_n of_o france_n and_o drown_v or_o kill_v almost_o all_o the_o seaman_n of_o france_n for_o which_o cause_n philip_n king_n of_o france_n endeavour_v to_o take_v away_o gascoign_n from_o the_o king_n of_o england_n other_o there_o be_v likewise_o that_o have_v other_o expression_n touch_v these_o thing_n whereby_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o collect_v what_o be_v mean_v by_o that_o of_o florilegus_n when_o he_o say_v that_o there_o be_v neither_o lord_n nor_o law_n over_o seaman_n at_o that_o time_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v let_v the_o reins_o loose_a to_o his_o subject_n as_o moderator_n of_o this_o sea_n and_o this_o he_o do_v that_o they_o may_v not_o only_o restrain_v his_o enemy_n but_o they_o also_o that_o shall_v reliev_n his_o enemy_n in_o any_o manner_n whatsoêver_o or_o that_o shall_v use_v the_o sea_n otherwise_o than_o at_o his_o pleasure_n who_o be_v lord_n thereof_o but_o as_o concern_v the_o like_a acknowledgement_n make_v single_o and_o apart_o by_o the_o fleming_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n over_o the_o sea_n i_o shall_v treat_v by_o and_o by_o after_o that_o i_o have_v in_o the_o next_o place_n set_v before_o you_o the_o libel_n itself_o in_o its_o own_o that_o be_v the_o norman_a tongue_n as_o it_o stand_v record_v in_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n a_o copy_n or_o transcript_n of_o the_o libel_n or_o bill_n of_o complaint_n mention_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n chap._n xxviii_o in_o the_o archive_v of_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n where_o record_n of_o above_o four_o hundred_o year_n be_v keep_v there_o be_v a_o bundle_n of_o parchment_n which_o contain_v some_o affair_n relate_v to_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o and_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o and_o three_o the_o first_o conte_v a_o agreement_n make_v between_o edward_n the_o first_o and_o guy_n earl_n of_o flanders_n touch_v their_o ship_n bear_v of_o colors_z about_o this_o sea_n to_o the_o end_n that_o they_o may_v be_v the_o more_o easy_o know_v then_o there_o be_v annex_v three_o either_o original_n or_o copy_n of_o the_o say_a libel_n write_v at_o the_o same_o time_n for_o as_o it_o seem_v the_o several_a procurator_n of_o those_o nation_n that_o be_v party_n in_o the_o complaint_n have_v their_o several_a libel_n though_o express_v in_o the_o name_n of_o all_o together_o so_o that_o one_o be_v endorse_v thus_o de_fw-fr baiona_n as_o if_o that_o libel_n have_v be_v exhibit_v single_o by_o the_o man_n of_o bayonne_n but_o the_o title_n run_v thus_o de_fw-fr superioritate_fw-la maris_fw-la angliae_fw-la &_o jure_fw-la officii_fw-la admirallatûs_fw-la in_o eodem_fw-la
he_o out_o of_o the_o catalogue_n of_o the_o admiral_n of_o france_n yet_o 2._o joannes_n tilius_fw-la place_v he_o among_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o french_a navy_n call_v he_o roverius_n grimaldus_n he_o also_o be_v that_o admiral_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n who_o as_o joannes_n de_fw-fr 93._o beka_n say_v have_v command_v of_o three_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o galley_n that_o be_v send_v by_o philip_n the_o fair_a in_o the_o year_n mccciv_o to_o aid_v the_o hollander_n against_o the_o fleming_n there_o be_v also_o several_a particular_n in_o the_o record_n of_o france_n which_o relate_v to_o the_o difference_n then_o on_o foot_n between_o the_o english_a and_o french_a and_o although_o that_o libel_n or_o any_o copy_n of_o it_o be_v not_o find_v therein_o if_o we_o may_v credit_v tilius_fw-la who_o set_v forth_o a_o catalogue_n of_o that_o kind_n of_o record_n yet_o there_o be_v that_o commission_n among_o they_o whereby_o the_o aforesaid_a auditor_n or_o commissioner_n be_v authorize_v to_o determine_v of_o thing_n do_v contrary_a to_o the_o league_n it_o be_v describe_v by_o 40._o tilius_fw-la after_o this_o manner_n pouvoir_fw-fr donè_fw-la par_fw-fr le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr edovard_n à _fw-fr deux_fw-fr nommez_fw-fr &_o accordez_fw-fr de_fw-fr sa_fw-fr part_n pour_fw-fr avec_fw-fr les_fw-fr deux_fw-fr eleuz_fw-fr de_fw-fr la_fw-fr part_n du_fw-fr dit_fw-fr roy_fw-fr phelippe_n d'_fw-fr enquerir_fw-fr &_o amendir_fw-fr les_fw-fr forfaicte_v durant_fw-mi lour_v trefue_a le_fw-fr dernier_fw-fr juin_n mccciii_o ou_fw-fr tresor_fw-la layette_fw-fr procurationes_fw-la posse_fw-la &_o potestates_fw-la angliae_fw-la k._n power_n be_v give_v by_o king_n edward_n to_o two_o person_n name_v and_o appoint_v on_o his_o part_n to_o meet_v with_o two_o person_n choose_v on_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o say_a king_n philip_n to_o make_v enquiry_n and_o give_v remedy_n touch_v injury_n commit_v during_o the_o truce_n betwixt_o they_o the_o last_o of_o june_n mccciii_o in_o the_o treasury_n in_o the_o box_n entitle_v procurationes_fw-la posse_fw-la &_o potestateâ—s_fw-la angliae_fw-la k._n the_o commission_n bear_v date_n the_o same_o day_n and_o year_n whereby_o these_o auditor_n or_o commissioner_n be_v appoint_v for_o this_o purpose_n as_o we_o observe_v before_o out_o of_o our_o own_o record_n nor_o be_v it_o of_o any_o force_n here_o to_o the_o contrary_a that_o commissioner_n be_v sometime_o etc._n depute_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n by_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o shore_n on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o also_o by_o the_o aforesaid_a king_n to_o determine_v complaint_n about_o robbery_n and_o other_o injury_n usual_o do_v by_o private_a person_n to_o one_o another_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n for_o if_o any_o one_o will_v collect_v thence_o that_o the_o prince_n which_o depute_v they_o have_v both_o a_o equal_a right_n in_o the_o sea_n it_o may_v as_o well_o be_v conclude_v upon_o the_o same_o ground_n that_o they_o be_v but_o part-owner_n of_o their_o own_o country_n and_o have_v a_o equal_a interest_n in_o each_o other_o be_v land_n beside_o in_o such_o a_o kind_n of_o deputation_n as_o that_o there_o be_v more_o regard_n have_v of_o the_o person_n offend_v that_o be_v to_o be_v try_v than_o of_o the_o dominion_n of_o territory_n which_o true_o be_v whole_o to_o be_v discover_v some_o other_o way_n a_o recognition_n or_o acknowledgement_n of_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n make_v by_o the_o fleming_n in_o a_o embassy_n to_o edward_n the_o second_o chap._n xxix_o to_o these_o let_v we_o add_v now_o the_o assent_n and_o voluntary_a acknowledgement_n of_o the_o fleming_n in_o the_o parliament_n of_o england_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o second_o when_o as_o the_o ambassador_n of_o robert_n earl_n of_o flanders_n complain_v of_o the_o take_n of_o their_o good_n away_o at_o sea_n implore_v remedy_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n they_o say_v more_o than_o once_o that_o they_o be_v take_v upon_o the_o english_a sea_n towards_o the_o part_n about_o crauden_n within_o the_o power_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o bring_v into_o england_n but_o that_o it_o appertain_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n to_o take_v cognisance_n of_o the_o crime_n for_o that_o he_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o say_a sea_n and_o the_o aforesaid_a depredation_n be_v commit_v upon_o the_o aforesaid_a sea_n within_o his_o territory_n and_o jurisdiction_n which_o be_v the_o word_n of_o the_o record_n but_o i_o shall_v set_v down_o the_o dorso_fw-la whole_a so_o far_o as_o it_o relate_n to_o this_o business_n memorandum_n that_o whereas_o for_o the_o reformation_n of_o certain_a injury_n in_o a_o amicable_a way_n do_v by_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o flanders_n to_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n and_o by_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o say_a kingdom_n to_o those_o of_o flanders_n since_o the_o time_n that_o our_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n undertake_v the_o government_n of_o his_o kingdom_n several_a treaty_n have_v be_v hold_v between_o the_o council_n of_o our_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n and_o the_o ambassador_n of_o the_o say_a earl_n often_o send_v into_o england_n upon_o the_o aforesaid_a occasion_n which_o treaty_n by_o reason_n of_o some_o impediment_n that_o happen_v do_v not_o aâ—tem_v the_o desire_a effect_n at_o length_n in_o the_o parliament_n of_o our_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n hold_v at_o westminster_n in_o ocâ—abis_fw-la sancti_fw-la michaâ—lis_fw-la in_o the_o fourteen_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n there_o appear_v certain_a ambassador_n of_o the_o say_a earl_n to_o treat_v about_o reform_v the_o aforesaid_a injury_n in_o the_o form_n aforesaid_a and_o when_o as_o the_o say_a ambassador_n have_v be_v admit_v by_o our_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n to_o treat_v anew_o of_o this_o kind_n of_o injury_n these_o ambassador_n as_o other_o ambassador_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a earl_n in_o the_o aforesaid_a treaty_n do_v among_o other_o particular_n that_o they_o require_v before_o all_o thing_n make_v supplication_n that_o the_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n will_v at_o his_o own_o sâ—â—t_n by_o virtue_n of_o his_o royal_a authority_n cause_n enquiry_n to_o be_v maâ—â—_n and_o do_v justice_n about_o a_o certain_a depredation_n laâ—ely_o make_v by_o the_o subject_n of_o england_n as_o they_o say_v upon_o the_o english_a sea_n of_o wine_n and_o divers_a other_o merchandise_n belong_v to_o certain_a man_n of_o flanders_n towards_o the_o part_n about_o crauden_n within_o the_o territory_n and_o jurisdiction_n of_o our_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n allege_v that_o the_o aforesaid_a wine_n and_o merchandises_n take_v from_o the_o say_a fleming_n be_v bring_v within_o the_o râ—â—â—m_n and_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n and_o that_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n himself_o so_o to_o do_v for_o that_o he_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o say_a sea_n and_o the_o aforesaid_a depredation_n be_v make_v upon_o the_o say_a sea_n within_o his_o territory_n and_o jurisdiction_n in_o conclusion_n after_o diligent_a consideration_n have_v of_o the_o premise_n in_o the_o same_o parliament_n with_o the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n and_o other_o peer_n of_o the_o say_a realm_n be_v there_o present_a it_o be_v conclude_v upon_o their_o advice_n by_o the_o say_a lord_n king_n that_o to_o preserv_v the_o benefit_n of_o peace_n between_o the_o subject_n of_o england_n and_o â—landers_n the_o say_a lord_n king_n do_v by_o his_o royal_a authority_n cause_n enquiry_n to_o be_v make_v about_o the_o good_n take_v at_o that_o time_n upon_o the_o aforesaid_a english_a sea_n towards_o the_o say_a place_n of_o crauden_n and_o bring_v within_o the_o say_a realm_n in_o those_o place_n where_o the_o malefactor_n go_v with_o the_o good_n so_o take_v to_o the_o say_a land_n of_o england_n and_o cause_v the_o same_o depredation_n to_o be_v hear_v and_o determine_v according_a to_o law_n and_o reason_n and_o that_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o ship_n who_o have_v a_o hand_n in_o the_o say_a depredation_n and_o other_o who_o know_o receive_v the_o say_v offender_n with_o the_o good_n so_o take_v in_o whole_a or_o in_o part_n may_v be_v charge_v and_o punish_v thereupon_o as_o partaker_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a depredation_n so_o far_o that_o record_n and_o commissioner_n be_v appoint_v with_o power_n of_o jurisdiction_n by_o the_o king_n commission_n through_o most_o of_o the_o maritime_a county_n to_o make_v reparation_n of_o damage_n but_o because_o there_o be_v upon_o the_o shore_n over_o against_o we_o especial_o those_o of_o zealand_n and_o there_o be_v also_o upon_o other_o neighbour_a shore_n beside_o inlet_n of_o river_n very_o many_o wind_n and_o turn_n of_o the_o sea_n flow_v in_o whereby_o the_o land_n be_v so_o interweave_v up_o and_o down_o that_o it_o can_v well_o be_v but_o that_o the_o sea_n also_o which_o flow'_v in_o and_o oftentimes_o remove_n bank_n and_o make_v harbour_n there_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n almost_o
as_o a_o river_n or_o brook_n must_v be_v contain_v under_o the_o same_o jurisdiction_n as_o a_o entire_a body_n with_o the_o land_n therefore_o sometime_o mention_n be_v make_v also_o of_o this_o kind_n of_o sea_n flow_v in_o as_o of_o a_o sea_n reckon_v within_o the_o jurisdiction_n &_o current_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o the_o opposite_a shore_n as_o for_o example_n of_o the_o sea_n flanders_n or_o as_o i_o find_v it_o in_o some_o ancient_a 5._o manuscript_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o original_n of_o certain_a letter_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o five_o to_o the_o earl_n of_o carolois_n and_o to_o the_o governor_n of_o ypres_n gaunt_n and_o bruges_n dein_n la_v jurisdiction_n &_o l'estrem_fw-la de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mere_a de_fw-fr flanders_n within_o the_o jurisdiction_n and_o stream_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o flanders_n which_o be_v all_o one_o for_o set_v aside_o the_o sea_n so_o flow_v in_o or_o make_v a_o inlet_n or_o harbour_n before_o the_o opposite_a shore_n all_o that_o which_o remain's_n or_o the_o sea_n flow_v between_o those_o opposite_a country_n and_o england_n be_v ever_o esteem_v to_o be_v of_o the_o english_a dominion_n according_a to_o what_o i_o have_v former_o show_v so_o that_o a_o late_a writer_n doubtless_o be_v in_o a_o dream_n when_o upon_o the_o repair_n of_o the_o dock_n at_o mardike_n he_o write_v praefixâ_fw-la that_o he_o see_v the_o empire_n of_o the_o british_a sea_n restore_v to_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n and_o so_o i_o have_v do_v with_o this_o point_n touch_v the_o declaration_n and_o acknowledgement_n of_o the_o sea_n dominion_n of_o our_o king_n make_v by_o those_o foreign_a and_o neighbor-nation_n who_o be_v most_o concern_v in_o the_o business_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n in_o the_o irish_a and_o western_a sea_n consider_v single_o and_o apart_o by_o itself_o chap._n xxx_o i_o have_v already_o speak_v in_o general_a of_o the_o english_a or_o british_a sea_n which_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n but_o chief_o as_o it_o lie_v either_o east_n or_o south_n it_o rest_v now_o that_o we_o treat_v of_o the_o western_a as_o also_o the_o scotish_n and_o northern_a and_o in_o a_o word_n of_o the_o whole_a british_a sea_n that_o remain_n it_o be_v evident_a to_o all_o that_o part_n of_o the_o western_a sea_n lie_v before_o england_n be_v understand_v as_o well_o in_o that_o libel_n which_o be_v exhibit_v by_o so_o many_o nation_n to_o the_o commissioner_n depute_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o france_n above_o three_o hundred_o and_o thirty_o year_n ago_o wherein_o we_o so_o often_o read_v le_fw-fr mer_fw-fr d'_fw-fr d'angleterre_fw-fr or_o the_o sea_n of_o england_n as_o in_o the_o king_n be_v commission-before_a mention_v wherein_o our_o king_n be_v expressly-declared_n lord_n of_o the_o english_a sea_n on_o every_o side_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v forbear_v to_o repeat_v what_o be_v 24._o cite_v out_o of_o bracton_n about_o the_o essoyn_n or_o excuse_v of_o a_o man_n absent_a in_o ireland_n and_o other_o thing_n of_o that_o kind_n allege_v before_o which_o make_v to_o this_o purpose_n moreover_o also_o we_o read_v every_o where_o that_o all_o the_o isle_n in_o this_o neighbour_a sea_n be_v call_v british_n as_o we_o observe_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o book_n just_a as_o if_o the_o narrow_a sea_n flow_v between_o like_o river_n or_o turn_n of_o river_n do_v disjoin_v those_o bank_n or_o shore_n from_o great_a britain_n as_o 〈◊〉_d fragment_n of_o the_o same_o whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o narrow_a sea_n themselves_o with_o the_o isle_n even_o as_o river_n with_o their_o bank_n be_v to_o be_v reckon_v a_o part_n of_o the_o british_a territory_n and_o hereunto_o especial_o relate_n also_o that_o expression_n in_o the_o libel_n so_o often_o cite_v to_o wit_n that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v ever_o be_v lord_n both_o of_o the_o english_a sea_n or_o of_o the_o british_a so_o far_o as_o it_o stretch_v before_o england_n and_o also_o of_o the_o isle_n situate_v therein_o par_fw-fr raison_fw-fr du_fw-fr royalme_n d'_fw-fr d'angleterre_fw-fr by_o right_a of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n so_o that_o the_o isle_n of_o man_n which_o as_o giraldus_n cambrensis_fw-la say_v stand_v in_o this_o sea_n in_o the_o very_a midst_n betwixt_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o england_n and_o ireland_n be_v if_o i_o understand_v any_o thing_n reckon_v of_o old_a among_o the_o land-province_n of_o england_n even_o as_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n lundie_n and_o other_o of_o that_o kind_n nor_o do_v it_o seem_v to_o be_v understand_v otherwise_o by_o those_o man_n of_o ancient_a time_n who_o upon_o occasion_n of_o a_o dispute_n whether_o this_o isle_n ought_v by_o right_a to_o be_v take_v for_o a_o appendant_a of_o england_n or_o ireland_n be_v place_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o sea_n flow_v between_o determine_v the_o controversy_n on_o this_o manner_n they_o bring_v venomous_a serpent_n and_o observe_v that_o the_o isle_n do_v entertain_v and_o cherish_v they_o as_o well_o as_o england_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o great_a britain_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a that_o ireland_n destroy_v they_o it_o be_v conclude_v say_v 15._o giraldus_n cambrensis_fw-la who_o live_v under_o henry_n the_o second_o by_o the_o common_a censure_n of_o all_o that_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v ascribe_v unto_o england_n for_o if_o they_o have_v so_o think_v the_o territory_n either_o of_o ireland_n or_o england_n as_o it_o consist_v of_o land_n and_o sea_n to_o be_v dis-joined_n from_o this_o isle_n of_o man_n that_o they_o have_v conceive_v the_o sea_n lie_v between_o either_o common_a to_o all_o man_n or_o by_o ancient_a right_a subject_n to_o other_o than_o the_o king_n either_o of_o ireland_n or_o britain_n they_o may_v seem_v to_o have_v raise_v a_o very_a ridiculous_a controversy_n for_o i_o suppose_v the_o question_n can_v be_v no_o other_o than_o touch_v the_o bound_n of_o england_n or_o great_a britain_n and_o ireland_n but_o that_o a_o question_n about_o bound_n may_v be_v admit_v between_o owner_n that_o be_v neighbour_n where_o the_o territory_n of_o both_o be_v not_o continual_a or_o contiguous_a be_v beyond_o my_o understanding_n it_o be_v well_o say_v by_o regundorum_fw-la paulus_n that_o if_o a_o public_a thoroughfare_a or_o public_a river_n intervene_v which_o belong_v to_o neither_o of_o the_o neighbour_a owner_n a_o action_n can_v be_v bring_v upon_o that_o title_n of_o the_o law_n finium_fw-la regundorum_fw-la and_o true_o after_o that_o quintus_fw-la fabius_n labeo_n be_v 1._o appoint_v arbiter_n by_o the_o senate_n betwixt_o the_o nolan_n and_o neapolitan_n about_o the_o bound_n of_o a_o field_n have_v so_o crafty_o persuade_v both_o of_o they_o to_o retire_v backward_o apart_o from_o each_o other_o that_o a_o portion_n of_o the_o field_n be_v leave_v in_o the_o middle_n which_o he_o adjudge_v to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n there_o can_v not_o any_o controversy_n arise_v far_o between_o they_o about_o the_o bound_n of_o this_o field_n because_o there_o cease_v to_o be_v any_o confine_n betwixt_o they_o but_o if_o any_o question_n arise_v afterward_o they_o be_v both_o to_o contend_v with_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n even_o so_o it_o be_v to_o be_v conceive_v of_o that_o question_n to_o which_o of_o the_o two_o country_n the_o isle_n of_o man_n ought_v by_o right_o to_o be_v ascribe_v it_o arise_v chief_o upon_o this_o ground_n because_o it_o lay_v in_o the_o midst_n between_o the_o territory_n belong_v to_o ireland_n and_o britain_n and_o at_o the_o confine_n of_o both_o for_o by_o a_o argument_n draw_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o very_a soil_n only_o without_o a_o civil_a consideration_n of_o dominion_n though_o they_o will_v have_v here_o the_o very_a nature_n of_o the_o soil_n to_o be_v the_o evidence_n thereof_o as_o a_o lot_n for_o decision_n it_o ought_v no_o more_o to_o be_v ascribe_v either_o to_o britain_n or_o ireland_n than_o to_o norway_n spain_n or_o france_n where_o every_o man_n know_v that_o venomous_a creature_n be_v breed_v as_o well_o as_o in_o britain_n therefore_o to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o england_n or_o britain_n in_o that_o ancient_a decision_n be_v so_o immediate_o to_o be_v annex_v to_o the_o british_a territory_n that_o the_o isle_n of_o man_n may_v true_o and_o in_o a_o civil_a sens_fw-fr be_v call_v a_o land-province_n of_o england_n or_o britain_n see_v the_o english_a territory_n be_v so_o continual_o extend_v as_o far_o as_o its_o western_a coast_n that_o which_o bend'_v westward_o from_o the_o very_o confine_v be_v ascribe_v to_o ireland_n and_o therefore_o queen_n elisabeth_n commissioner_n let_v fall_v those_o word_n too_o unadvised_o in_o the_o 〈…〉_o treaty_n hold_v at_o bremen_n with_o the_o danish_a commissioner_n about_o free_a navigation_n and_o fish_n in_o the_o norwegian_a
by_o your_o own_o instruction_n you_o may_v full_o understand_v but_o withal_o consider_v that_o peace_n must_v be_v maintain_v by_o the_o arm_n of_o power_n which_o only_o keep_v his_o down_o war_n by_o keep_v up_o dominion_n his_o majesty_n thus_o provoke_v finde_n it_o necessary_a even_o for_o his_o own_o defence_n and_o safety_n to_o reassume_a and_o keep_v his_o ancient_a and_o undoubted_a right_n in_o the_o dominion_n of_o these_o sea_n and_o to_o suffer_v no_o other_o prince_n or_o state_n to_o encroach_v upon_o he_o thereby_o assume_v to_o themselves_o or_o their_o admiral_n any_o sovereign_a command_n but_o to_o force_v they_o to_o perform_v due_a homage_n to_o his_o admiral_n and_o ship_n and_o to_o pay_v they_o acknowledgement_n as_o in_o former_a time_n they_o do_v he_o will_v also_o set_v open_a and_o protect_v the_o free_a trade_n both_o of_o his_o subject_n and_o ally_n and_o give_v they_o such_o safe_a conduct_n and_o convoie_n as_o they_o shall_v reasonable_o require_v he_o will_v suffer_v no_o other_o fleet_n or_o man_n of_o war_n to_o keep_v any_o guard_n upon_o these_o sea_n or_o there_o to_o offer_v violence_n or_o take_v prize_n or_o booty_n or_o to_o give_v interruption_n to_o any_o lawful_a intercour_n in_o a_o word_n his_o majesty_n be_v resolve_v as_o to_o do_v no_o wrong_n so_o to_o do_v justice_n both_o to_o his_o subject_n and_o friend_n within_o the_o limit_n of_o his_o sea_n and_o this_o be_v the_o real_a and_o royal_a design_n of_o this_o fleet_n whereof_o you_o may_v give_v part_n as_o you_o find_v occasion_n to_o our_o good_a neighbour_n in_o those_o part_n that_o no_o umbrage_n may_v be_v take_v of_o any_o hostile_a act_n or_o purpose_n to_o their_o prejudice_n in_o any_o kind_n so_o wish_v you_o all_o health_n and_o happiness_n i_o rest_v your_o assure_a friend_n and_o servant_n john_n cook_n whitehall_n 16_o april_n 1635._o our_o style_n in_o this_o letter_n you_o see_v first_o how_o it_o be_v hold_v for_o a_o undeniable_a principle_n that_o the_o king_n be_v king_n by_o sea_n as_o well_o as_o by_o land_n that_o neither_o the_o honour_n nor_o safety_n of_o this_o island_n and_o ireland_n can_v be_v maintain_v but_o by_o preserve_v the_o dominion_n by_o sea_n and_o that_o it_o be_v a_o argument_n that_o they_o that_o encroach_v upon_o we_o by_o sea_n will_v do_v it_o also_o by_o land_n when_o they_o see_v their_o time_n he_o declare'_v also_o how_o our_o unthankful_a neighbour_n be_v rise_v to_o this_o height_n and_o insolence_n partly_o by_o grant_n partly_o by_o connivance_n but_o principal_o through_o their_o many_o injurious_a abuse_n of_o our_o patience_n and_o indulgence_n and_o last_o you_o may_v observe_v here_o what_o resolution_n be_v then_o take_v to_o prevent_v the_o lilâ—e_a injury_n and_o preserv_v our_o english_a interest_n in_o time_n to_o come_v but_o how_o those_o resolution_n be_v follow_v in_o the_o succeed_a part_n of_o his_o reign_n i_o shall_v not_o stand_v to_o examine_v only_o it_o suffice_v here_o to_o take_v notice_n that_o the_o claim_n of_o sea-dominion_n be_v make_v by_o he_o as_o well_o as_o by_o his_o father_n and_o for_o a_o time_n strenuous_o assert_v though_o afterward_o he_o slacken_v his_o hand_n in_o the_o prosecution_n whereof_o the_o netherlander_n take_v advantage_n and_o of_o our_o late_a commotion_n which_o be_v their_o halcyon-day_n and_o time_n of_o harvest_n be_v now_o advance_v to_o such_o a_o monstrous_a pitch_n of_o pride_n malice_n and_o ingratitude_n that_o they_o dare_v bid_v defiance_n to_o those_o ancient_a right_n which_o we_o have_v receive_v from_o all_o antiquity_n and_o justify_v their_o action_n by_o a_o most_o unjust_a and_o bloody_a war_n in_o the_o view_n of_o all_o the_o world_n what_o remain_n then_o but_o that_o the_o parliament_n and_o people_n of_o england_n shall_v lay_v these_o thing_n to_o heart_n with_o a_o indignation_n answerable_a to_o so_o prodigious_a violation_n and_o invasion_n they_o have_v now_o a_o opportunity_n and_o strength_n give_v they_o by_o god_n o_o let_v not_o heart_n be_v want_v to_o make_v good_a the_o claim_n and_o accomplish_v that_o work_n of_o establish_v our_o interest_n by_o sea_n beyond_o the_o possibility_n of_o future_a impeachment_n let_v it_o not_o be_v say_v that_o england_n in_o the_o state_n of_o monarchy_n be_v able_a to_o hold_v the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o sea_n so_o many_o hundred_o year_n and_o then_o lose_v it_o in_o the_o state_n of_o liberty_n it_o be_v as_o now_o establish_v with_o its_o appendant_o the_o great_a and_o most_o glorious_a republic_n that_o the_o sun_n ever_o see_v except_o the_o roman_a god_n have_v make_v it_o so_o by_o land_n and_o will_v by_o sea_n for_o without_o this_o the_o land_n be_v nothing_o it_o be_v ever_o so_o apprehend_v by_o king_n yea_o by_o the_o last_o and_o worst_a of_o our_o king_n and_o shall_v the_o founder_n of_o this_o famous_a structure_n of_o government_n now_o in_o be_v who_o have_v cashier_v king_n and_o vindicate_v the_o right_n and_o liberty_n of_o this_o nation_n upon_o his_o head_n and_o his_o whole_a posterity_n and_o party_n not_o assert_v they_o against_o perfidious_a neighbour_n it_o be_v unpardonable_a in_o any_o to_o harbour_v a_o thought_n of_o that_o nature_n or_o to_o yield_v that_o such_o a_o blemish_n shall_v be_v bring_v upon_o all_o those_o glorious_a action_n and_o achievement_n whereby_o god_n have_v free_v and_o ennoble_v our_o land_n and_o nation_n but_o that_o the_o people_n of_o england_n may_v be_v excite_v to_o a_o valuation_n maintenance_n and_o improvement_n of_o their_o interest_n by_o sea_n it_o be_v necessary_a to_o let_v they_o understand_v what_o advantage_n be_v to_o be_v make_v thereby_o and_o be_v make_v by_o other_o who_o of_o usufructuary_n by_o permission_n have_v in_o design_n now_o to_o make_v themselves_o absolute_a lord_n of_o the_o fee_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v very_o convenient_a here_o to_o set_v down_o a_o excellent_a discourse_n which_o be_v write_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o late_a king_n and_o present_v by_o the_o follow_a title_n the_o inestimable_a riches_n and_o commodity_n of_o the_o british_a sea_n the_o coast_n of_o great_a britain_n do_v yield_v such_o a_o continual_a sea-harvest_n of_o gain_n and_o benefit_n to_o all_o those_o that_o with_o diligence_n do_v labour_n in_o the_o same_o that_o no_o time_n or_o season_n in_o the_o year_n pass_v away_o without_o some_o apparent_a mean_n of_o profitable_a employment_n especial_o to_o such_o as_o apply_v themselves_o to_o fish_v which_o from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o year_n unto_o the_o latter_a end_n continue_v upon_o some_o part_n or_o other_o upon_o our_o coast_n and_o therein_o such_o infinite_a shoal_n and_o multitude_n of_o fish_n be_v offer_v to_o the_o taker_n as_o may_v just_o move_v admiration_n not_o only_o to_o stranger_n but_o to_o those_o that_o daily_o be_v employ_v among_o they_o the_o summer-fishing_a for_o herring_n begin_v about_o midsummer_n and_o last_v some_o part_n of_o august_n the_o winter-fishing_a for_o herring_n last_v from_o september_n to_o the_o midst_n of_o november_n both_o which_o extend_v in_o place_n from_o boughones_n in_o scotland_n to_o the_o thame'_v mouth_n the_o fish_n for_o cod_n at_o alamby_n whirlington_n and_o white_a haven_n near_o the_o coast_n of_o lancashire_n from_o easter_n until_o whitsuntide_n the_o fish_n for_o hake_n at_o aberdenie_n abveswhich_n and_o other_o place_n between_o wales_n and_o ireland_n from_o whitsuntide_n to_o saint_n james_n tide_n the_o fish_n of_o cod_n and_o ling_n about_o padstow_n within_o the_o land_n and_o of_o severn_n from_o christmas_n to_o mid-lent_n the_o fish_n for_o cod_n on_o the_o west_n part_n of_o ireland_n frequent_v by_o those_o of_o biscay_n galicia_n and_o portugal_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o april_n until_o the_o end_n of_o june_n the_o fish_n for_o cod_n and_o ling_n on_o the_o north_n and_o north-east_n of_o ireland_n from_o christmas_n until_o michaëlmas_n the_o fish_n for_o pilcher_n on_o the_o west_n coast_n of_o england_n from_o saint_n james-tide_n until_o michaëlmas_n the_o fish_n for_o cod_n and_o ling_n upon_o the_o north-east_n of_o england_n from_o easter_n until_o midsummer_n the_o fish_n of_o great_a staple-ling_n and_o many_o other_o sort_n of_o fish_n lie_v about_o the_o island_n of_o scotland_n and_o in_o the_o several_a part_n of_o the_o british_a sea_n all_o the_o year_n long_o in_o september_n not_o many_o year_n since_o upon_o the_o coast_n of_o devonshire_n near_o minigal_n 500_o tun_n of_o fish_n be_v take_v in_o one_o day_n and_o about_o the_o same_o time_n three_o thousand_o pound_n worth_n of_o fish_n in_o one_o day_n be_v take_v at_o s_o t_o ives_n in_o cornwall_n by_o small_a boat_n and_o other_o poor_a provision_n our_o five-men-boat_n and_o cobles_n adventure_v in_o a_o calm_a to_o launch_v out_o among_o the_o
the_o person_n and_o good_n belong_v to_o their_o use_n at_o the_o request_n of_o divers_a prince_n who_o have_v their_o possession_n upon_o the_o shore_n of_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n and_o that_o as_o well_o by_o sundry_a pope_n legate_n vicar_n governor_n and_o commonalty_n of_o the_o land_n of_o romania_n and_o marca_n as_o by_o the_o king_n of_o naples_n for_o puglia_n of_o which_o many_o be_v grant_v some_o deny_v and_o other_o yield_v to_o but_o in_o part_n but_o it_o be_v superfluous_a to_o allege_v the_o act_n of_o those_o the_o successor_n of_o who_o do_v not_o so_o much_o as_o question_v this_o title_n he_o descend_v to_o particularize_v only_o the_o predecessor_n of_o his_o majesty_n as_o king_n of_o hungary_n and_o arch-duke_n of_o austria_n he_o recite_v a_o brief_a of_o pope_n urbane_n the_o sixth_o direct_v to_o antonio_n veniero_n the_o duke_n of_o venice_n bear_v date_n luca_n 14_o junii_fw-la 1388._o where_o he_o give_v we_o he_o thanks_o that_o with_o his_o galley_n depute_v for_o the_o keep_n of_o the_o gulf_n marry_o queen_n of_o hungary_n have_v be_v enlarge_v who_o have_v be_v keep_v prisoner_n in_o castelnovo_a with_o two_o other_o congratulatorie_a letter_n the_o one_o to_o the_o say_a queen_n the_o other_o to_o king_n sigismond_n who_o after_o be_v emperor_n be_v her_o husband_n rejoice_v with_o they_o likewise_o of_o the_o say_a enlargement_n make_v by_o mean_n of_o the_o captain_n of_o the_o venetian_a galley_n depute_v to_o the_o custody_n of_o the_o gulf._n afterward_o he_o cause_v to_o be_v read_v a_o safe_a conduct_n grant_v at_o the_o petition_n of_o rodulph_n earl_n of_o sala_n in_o the_o name_n of_o ladislaus_n king_n of_o naples_n and_o of_o william_n archduke_n of_o austria_n anno_fw-la 1399._o 12_o decembris_fw-la that_o the_o sister_n of_o the_o say_a king_n espouse_v to_o the_o aforenamed_a archduke_n may_v be_v conduct_v by_o sea_n from_o puglia_n to_o the_o coast_n of_o her_o husband_n with_o galley_n and_o other_o vessel_n in_o all_o to_o the_o number_n of_o about_o twelv_n with_o condition_n that_o there_o shall_v not_o be_v suffer_v to_o pass_v upon_o they_o any_o bandito_fw-mi or_o banish_v person_n of_o venice_n who_o have_v do_v any_o thing_n against_o the_o republic_n which_o do_v merit_v death_n which_o safe-conduct_n shall_v be_v available_a to_o the_o austrian_n as_o well_o in_o go_v as_o in_o come_v so_o as_o by_o the_o same_o they_o may_v also_o reimbark_a at_o trieste_n and_o return_n unto_o puglia_n but_o yet_o this_o safe_a conduct_n be_v not_o make_v use_n of_o because_o the_o king_n have_v defer_v the_o departure_n of_o his_o sister_n for_o a_o small_a time_n in_o the_o interim_n she_o die_v also_o he_o produce_v two_o letter_n of_o the_o emperor_n frederick_n unto_o duke_n giovanni_n mocenigo_n the_o first_o date_v in_o gratz_n 24_o sept._n 1478._o the_o other_o 2_o apr._n 1479._o from_o the_o same_o place_n where_o he_o tell_v we_o he_o that_o he_o have_v take_v order_n that_o there_o shall_v be_v bring_v from_o puglia_n and_o abruzzo_n to_o his_o castle_n of_o castro_n and_o of_o istria_n a_o certain_a quantity_n of_o corn_n he_o request_n be_v that_o it_o may_v be_v permit_v he_o to_o do_v it_o free_o which_o be_v to_o he_o a_o great_a pleasure_n he_o shall_v acknowledge_v it_o with_o many_o thanks_o this_o he_o second_v with_o a_o letter_n of_o beatrice_n queen_n of_o hungary_n to_o giovanni_n mocenigo_n duke_n of_o venice_n date_v the_o last_o of_o jan._n 1481._o whereby_o desire_v for_o her_o proper_a use_n to_o have_v divers_a thing_n from_o the_o part_n of_o italy_n which_o she_o can_v not_o bring_v from_o thence_o by_o sea_n without_o the_o permission_n of_o the_o republic_n she_o desire_v that_o for_o courtesy_n sake_n and_o friendship_n it_o may_v be_v grant_v she_o which_o she_o shall_v take_v for_o a_o great_a favour_n and_o correspond_v upon_o the_o like_a occasion_n and_o another_o of_o mathias_n king_n of_o hungary_n to_o the_o say_a duke_n date_v 26_o febr._n 1482._o where_n relate_v how_o the_o republic_n be_v accustom_v to_o give_v licence_n every_o year_n to_o count_n frangipani_n patron_n of_o segna_n and_o other_o maritime_a place_n to_o bring_v from_o puglia_n and_o marca_n a_o certain_a quantity_n of_o victual_n and_o that_o after_o the_o say_v place_n be_v pass_v over_o into_o his_o hand_n he_o have_v omit_v to_o desire_v it_o wherefore_o he_o now_o pray_v that_o the_o same_o grace_n may_v be_v show_v unto_o he_o and_o that_o concern_v this_o he_o will_v write_v his_o letter_n and_o give_v they_o to_o a_o person_n which_o he_o have_v send_v express_o to_o receiv_v they_o which_o he_o shall_v acknowledge_v as_o a_o favour_n and_o correspond_v according_o and_o another_o of_o the_o same_o king_n to_o augustino_n barbarigo_n the_o duke_n date_v 18_o oct._n 1487._o in_o the_o which_o relate_v that_o he_o have_v need_n of_o wood_n for_o the_o reparation_n of_o a_o fortress_n stand_v in_o the_o mouth_n of_o narenta_n he_o pray_v that_o he_o may_v have_v leave_v to_o carry_v it_o unto_o segna_n by_o sea_n and_o that_o there_o may_v be_v letter_n patent_n make_v thereof_o offer_v to_o gratify_v he_o in_o a_o great_a matter_n he_o add_v to_o this_o a_o letter_n of_o anne_n queen_n of_o hungary_n 30._o aug._n 1502._o in_o the_o which_o recount_v the_o sterility_n of_o the_o country_n of_o segna_n she_o desire_n be_v leave_v to_o bring_v certain_a victual_n from_o puglia_n and_o marca_n and_o that_o he_o will_v give_v to_o the_o bearer_n who_o be_v send_v on_o purpose_n letter_n of_o licens_fw-la for_o the_o same_o promise_v to_o acknowledge_v it_o as_o a_o great_a favour_n and_o courtesy_n last_o he_o produce_v a_o letter_n date_v 3_o sept._n 1504_o of_o giovanni_n de_fw-fr dura_n captain_n of_o pismo_n servant_n to_o the_o emperor_n maximilian_n which_o he_o write_v unto_o the_o duke_n leonardo_n loredano_n import_v that_o giacomo_n croato_n a_o subject_n of_o his_o majesty_n part_v from_o fianona_n enter_v into_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v under_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o republic_n for_o to_o go_v to_o segna_n and_o be_v there_o assail_v by_o a_o arm_a bark_n of_o pirate_n in_o contempt_n of_o the_o signory_n or_o republic_n and_o supplicate_n that_o some_o order_n may_v be_v take_v therein_o upon_o all_o which_o particular_n he_o weigh_v most_o that_o which_o ought_v best_o to_o be_v consider_v have_v respect_n to_o the_o time_n person_n and_o quality_n of_o the_o several_a prince_n and_o for_o great_a confirmation_n of_o their_o assent_n he_o remember_v the_o yearly_a ceremony_n use_v at_o venice_n where_o the_o duke_n in_o presence_n of_o the_o ambassador_n of_o other_o prince_n particular_o of_o his_o majesty_n do_v use_v to_o espous_a the_o sea_n by_o the_o cast_n of_o a_o ring_n into_o it_o with_o these_o word_n desponsamus_n te_fw-la mare_fw-la in_o signum_fw-la very_fw-la &_o perpetui_fw-la dominii_fw-la we_o do_v marry_v the_o sea_n in_o sign_n of_o our_o true_a and_o perpetual_a dominion_n over_o it_o which_o ceremony_n as_o the_o foresay_a writer_n do_v affirm_v have_v beginning_n when_o pope_n alexander_n the_o three_o be_v in_o venice_n notwithstanding_o they_o add_v withal_o that_o it_o be_v institute_v in_o sign_n of_o the_o dominion_n which_o the_o republic_n have_v former_o get_v jure_fw-la belli_fw-la to_o the_o 400_o complaint_n of_o the_o emperor_n subject_n and_o to_o the_o sentence_n of_o liesina_n he_o answer_v give_v thanks_o for_o the_o remember_n of_o they_o as_o a_o thing_n bring_v in_o much_o to_o his_o favour_n because_o the_o complaint_n do_v presuppose_v the_o prohibition_n and_o the_o sentence_n either_o condemn_v or_o absolve_v do_v prove_v the_o jurisdiction_n and_o to_o the_o salt-bark_n he_o say_v that_o they_o be_v not_o suffer_v to_o go_v to_o venice_n as_o never_o any_o be_v suffer_v to_o go_v all_o foreign_a salt_n be_v prohibit_v to_o enter_v into_o that_o city_n and_o if_o it_o be_v not_o cast_v into_o the_o sea_n it_o be_v a_o courtesy_n which_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v impute_v to_o they_o to_o their_o prejudice_n he_o conclude_v that_o he_o have_v deliver_v the_o true_a sens_fw-fr of_o the_o capitulation_n and_o prove_v the_o immemorable_a possession_n of_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n that_o he_o can_v have_v say_v much_o more_o but_o it_o seem_v to_o he_o superfluous_a and_o these_o two_o point_n be_v make_v most_o clear_a first_o that_o this_o pretence_n of_o the_o austrian_n be_v but_o new_a and_o second_o that_o their_o petition_n at_o this_o convention_n can_v have_v no_o place_n the_o imperialist_n after_o they_o have_v confer_v together_o take_v a_o resolution_n not_o to_o persevere_v in_o the_o demand_n of_o justice_n and_o the_o baron_n with_o suorz_n say_v open_o that_o the_o republic_n be_v patron_n of_o the_o gulf_n and_o may_v impose_v what_o custom_n
our_o isle_n of_o gernesey_n jersey_n serk_n and_o aureney_n in_o the_o sea_n between_o easter_n and_o michaelmas_n be_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o those_o place_n acknowledge_v to_o belong_v unto_o we_o at_o a_o reasonable_a rate_n to_o be_v pay_v therefore_o and_o that_o the_o say_v fisherman_n be_v bind_v to_o carry_v all_o the_o fish_n by_o they_o take_v between_o the_o time_n aforesaid_a unto_o certain_a place_n in_o those_o isle_n appoint_v that_o the_o officer_n under_o our_o governor_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a isle_n may_v take_v thence_o for_o our_o use_n at_o what_o price_n they_o shall_v think_v fit_a and_o reasonable_a nor_o be_v that_o to_o be_v slight_v which_o we_o find_v in_o the_o chronicle_n of_o the_o abbey_n or_o monastery_n of_o teuxburie_n concern_v henry_n beauchamp_n duke_n of_o warwick_n who_o be_v invest_v by_o henry_n the_o sixth_o with_o the_o title_n and_o dignity_n of_o king_n not_o only_o of_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n but_o also_o of_o gernesey_n and_o jersey_n whereunto_o the_o other_o isle_n in_o this_o tract_n do_v in_o a_o civil_a sens_fw-fr belong_v the_o same_o thing_n be_v record_v of_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n by_o that_o learned_a man_n 430._o william_n camden_n and_o that_o out_o of_o the_o same_o book_n the_o cottonianâ_fw-la book_n itself_o speak_v after_o this_o manner_n but_o the_o noble_a lord_n henry_n duke_n of_o warwick_n and_o first_o earl_n of_o england_n lord_z le_z dispenser_n and_o de_fw-fr abergeveney_n king_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n and_o gardsey_n and_o jardsey_n lord_n also_o of_o the_o castle_n of_o bristol_n with_o the_o appurtenance_n thereunto_o belong_v die_v 3_o idus_fw-la junii_fw-la anno_fw-la dom._n 1446._o in_o the_o twenty_o second_o year_n of_o his_o age_n at_o the_o castle_n of_o hanley_n and_o be_v bury_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o choir_n at_o teuxburie_n and_o a_o little_a before_o it_o be_v say_v of_o the_o same_o man_n that_o he_o be_v crown_v king_n of_o wight_n by_o the_o king_n be_v own_o hand_n no_o express_a mention_n be_v make_v in_o that_o place_n of_o the_o other_o island_n but_o they_o reckon_v in_o the_o same_o condition_n with_o this_o as_o they_o be_v part_n of_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n but_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v believe_v that_o those_o isle_n which_o lie_v before_o the_o shore_n of_o normandy_n have_v be_v so_o turn_v into_o a_o kingdom_n though_o subject_a to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n unless_o even_o they_o also_o who_o make_v they_o a_o kingdom_n have_v conceive_v that_o they_o possess_v they_o before_o by_o a_o title_n superior_a to_o that_o of_o the_o duchy_n that_o be_v to_o say_v by_o a_o kingly_a title_n as_o king_n richard_n the_o second_o when_o he_o have_v determine_v that_o robert_n earl_n of_o oxford_n who_o also_o be_v marquis_n of_o dublin_n and_o duke_n of_o ireland_n shall_v be_v creât_v londin_n king_n of_o ireland_n questionless_a do_v not_o doubt_v but_o that_o he_o himself_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n possess_v that_o island_n by_o no_o less_o a_o title_n and_o dignity_n than_o of_o king_n although_o the_o name_n of_o lord_n be_v whole_o use_v there_o at_o that_o time_n 1._o in_o stead_n of_o king_n as_o also_o until_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o eight_o so_o it_o be_v conceive_v upon_o good_a ground_n that_o those_o isle_n and_o the_o sea_n lie_v about_o they_o do_v though_o they_o use_v different_a custom_n constitute_v one_o entire_a body_n of_o empire_n with_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n whereunto_o also_o that_o special_a privilege_n of_o they_o do_v relate_v whereby_o through_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n they_o enjoie_v the_o benefit_n of_o freedom_n from_o hostility_n by_o sea_n though_o there_o be_v a_o war_n on_o foot_n between_o the_o neighbor-nation_n round_o about_o but_o of_o this_o more_o 22._o hereafter_o and_o in_o their_o court-record_n which_o contain_v the_o act_n or_o decree_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a justice_n itinerant_a we_o very_o often_o find_v plea_n of_o the_o crown_n which_o phrase_n be_v a_o evidence_n of_o the_o english_a government_n also_o in_o londin_n their_o trial_n those_o form_n in_o contempt_n of_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n his_o crown_n and_o dignity_n and_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n be_v seize_v of_o the_o aforescid_a advousen_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n as_o of_o his_o fee_n and_o in_o right_a of_o his_o crown_n and_o other_o not_o a_o few_o of_o that_o kind_n we_o meet_v with_o which_o savour_v not_o of_o any_o right_n of_o the_o duchy_n add_v moreover_o that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n so_o hold_v the_o right_n heretofore_o not_o only_o of_o the_o isle_n over_o against_o the_o shore_n of_o normandy_n but_o of_o those_o also_o which_o be_v opposite_a to_o aquitain_n as_o a_o pledge_n or_o concomitant_a of_o his_o possession_n of_o that_o sea_n so_o far_o as_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n that_o though_o our_o henry_n the_o three_o renounce_v his_o claim_n to_o no_o small_a part_n of_o aquitain_n yet_o that_o isle_n lie_v before_o it_o call_v oleron_n no_o less_o famous_a in_o the_o west_n for_o chapter_n naval_a law_n than_o rhodes_n be_v of_o old_a he_o grant_v to_o his_o elder_a son_n edward_n to_o be_v hold_v in_o time_n to_o come_v as_o a_o perpetual_a appendant_a of_o the_o english_a crown_n for_o this_o claus_n be_v add_v to_o the_o grant_v so_o scaccarii_fw-la that_o the_o say_a isle_n may_v always_o remain_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n and_o never_o be_v alienate_v from_o the_o same_o also_o in_o his_o letter_n grant_v to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o oleron_n he_o say_v 3_o we_o will_v not_o in_o any_o wise_a sever_v you_o from_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n some_o year_n before_o also_o he_o in_o like_a manner_n make_v a_o grant_n of_o 66._o gascoign_n or_o those_o part_n which_o lie_v upon_o the_o shore_n of_o aquitain_n near_o the_o sea_n to_o prince_n edward_n upon_o condition_n it_o shall_v remain_v entire_o and_o for_o ever_o to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n so_o without_o doubt_v his_o intent_n be_v that_o both_o the_o seacoast_n and_o this_o isle_n shall_v in_o a_o special_a manner_n be_v possess_v by_o the_o say_a prince_n but_o by_o no_o mean_n be_v disjoin_v from_o the_o english_a empire_n any_o more_o than_o the_o sea_n its_o self_n which_o wash_v their_o shore_n and_o although_o after_o a_o while_n both_o this_o and_o some_o other_o neighbour_a isle_n do_v many_o age_n since_o for_o divers_a reason_n follow_v the_o fate_n of_o those_o french_a shore_n which_o lie_v next_o to_o they_o yet_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n remain_v entire_a as_o it_o do_v before_o to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o it_o sufficient_o appear_v by_o those_o other_o passage_n which_o we_o have_v show_v the_o dominion_n and_o possession_n of_o the_o sea_n assert_v on_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n from_o that_o leave_v of_o praeter-navigation_n or_o passage_n which_o have_v be_v usual_o either_o grant_v by_o they_o to_o foreiner_n or_o desire_v from_o they_o chap._n xx._n those_o thing_n which_o we_o have_v hitherto_o allege_v concern_v this_o possession_n and_o dominion_n be_v confirm_v by_o several_a passport_n that_o have_v be_v obtain_v from_o the_o king_n of_o england_n for_o leave_v to_o pass_v through_o this_o sea_n whereof_o we_o have_v clear_a testimony_n in_o record_n that_o be_v to_o say_v grant_v at_o the_o entreaty_n of_o foreiner_n our_o henry_n the_o 5._o four_o grant_v leave_v to_o ferrando_n urtis_n de_fw-fr sarachione_n a_o spaniard_n to_o fail_v free_o from_o the_o port_n of_o london_n through_o our_o kingdom_n dominion_n and_o jurisdiction_n to_o the_o town_n of_o rochel_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o in_o this_o place_n our_o dominion_n and_o jurisdiction_n do_v relate_v to_o the_o sea_n flow_v between_o and_o when_o charles_n the_o sixth_o king_n of_o france_n send_v ambassador_n to_o robert_n the_o three_o king_n of_o scot_n to_o treat_v about_o the_o make_n of_o a_o league_n they_o upon_o request_n make_v to_o the_o same_o henry_n obtain_v passport_n for_o their_o safe_a passage_n par_fw-fr touz_v 14._o noz_fw-fr povoirs_fw-fr destrois_fw-fr &_o signory_n par_fw-fr mer_n &_o par_fw-fr terre_fw-fr that_o be_v through_o all_o place_n under_o our_o power_n territory_n and_o dominion_n as_o well_o by_o sea_n as_o by_o land_n there_o be_v innumerable_a other_o letter_n of_o passport_n call_v safe_a conduct_n in_o the_o record_n especial_o of_o henry_n the_o five_o and_o sixth_o whereby_o safe_a port_n and_o passage_n be_v usual_o grant_v as_o well_o by_o sea_n as_o by_o land_n and_o rivers_n that_o be_v to_o say_v throughout_o the_o whole_a dominion_n of_o he_o that_o make_v the_o grant_n and_o it_o be_v
worthy_a of_o observation_n that_o this_o kind_n of_o letter_n be_v usual_o superscribe_v and_o direct_v by_o our_o king_n to_o their_o governor_n of_o the_o sea_n admiral_n vice-admirals_n sea-captain_n to_o wit_n the_o commander_n appoint_v by_o the_o king_n to_o take_v care_n of_o his_o territory_n by_o sea_n whereas_o notwithstanding_o we_o find_v no_o mention_n at_o all_o of_o any_o such_o commander_n in_o those_o passport_n of_o that_o kind_n which_o be_v grant_v heretofore_o by_o the_o french_a king_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n when_o he_o be_v to_o cross_v over_o into_o france_n letter_n of_o that_o kind_n be_v give_v to_o our_o edward_n the_o second_o by_o king_n philip_n the_o long_a superscribe_v only_o thus_o dorso_fw-la phelip_n par_fw-fr la_fw-fr grace_n de_fw-fr dieu_fw-fr roy_fw-fr de_fw-fr france_n a_o touz_v noz_n justicier_n &_o subgy_n salut_v philip_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n king_n of_o france_n to_o our_o judge_n and_o subject_n greeting_n but_o the_o reason_n be_v evident_a why_o the_o k._n of_o england_n be_v wont_a to_o direct_v his_o letter_n to_o his_o commander_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o french_a king_n at_o that_o time_n only_o to_o his_o judge_n and_o subject_n in_o general_a to_o wit_n because_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v his_o sea-commander_n throughout_o this_o whole_a sea_n as_o lord_n of_o the_o same_o and_o therefore_o when_o he_o cross_v over_o it_o be_v not_o reasonable_a that_o the_o french_a k._n shall_v secure_v he_o by_o sea_n it_o be_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o english_a territory_n and_o yet_o the_o king_n of_o france_n may_v perhaps_o have_v a_o admiral_n at_o that_o time_n but_o only_o upon_o the_o shore_n of_o normandy_n and_o picardy_n for_o that_o of_o aquitain_n bretaign_n and_o narbonne_n be_v not_o as_o yet_o add_v to_o the_o patrimony_n of_o that_o crown_n and_o it_o be_v about_o that_o time_n or_o a_o little_a before_o that_o they_o be_v place_v who_o be_v first_o rank_v in_o the_o catalogue_n of_o the_o admiral_n of_o france_n but_o of_o late_a time_n it_o be_v true_a indeed_o that_o in_o those_o passport_n or_o letter_n of_o safe_a conduct_n which_o have_v be_v grant_v even_o by_o the_o sauf-conduit_n french_a king_n and_o other_o prince_n border_v upon_o the_o sea_n admiral_n be_v usual_o name_v in_o express_a term_n among_o the_o other_o kind_n of_o royal_a officer_n to_o the_o end_n that_o they_o to_o who_o the_o passport_n be_v grant_v may_v be_v secure_v in_o every_o place_n and_o part_n of_o their_o dominion_n but_o as_o touch_v the_o english_a command_n over_o such_o as_o pass_v or_o sail_v through_o their_o sea_n there_o be_v many_o other_o argument_n take_v as_o we_o shall_v show_v by_o and_o by_o from_o the_o manner_n of_o our_o king_n be_v prescribe_v limit_n to_o such_o as_o sail_v in_o this_o sea_n as_o also_o from_o those_o passage_n which_o we_o have_v book_n already_o cite_v out_o of_o record_n concern_v the_o tribute_n or_o custom_n impose_v by_o the_o english_a upon_o such_o as_o pass_v through_o the_o sea_n and_o true_o it_o be_v very_o considerable_a also_o that_o the_o king_n both_o of_o denmark_n and_o sweden_n together_o with_o the_o hans-town_n very_o often_o and_o earnest_o beg_v of_o queen_n elisabeth_n that_o they_o may_v have_v free_a passage_n through_o the_o english_a sea_n with_o provision_n towards_o spain_n during_o the_o war_n betwixt_o she_o and_o the_o spaniard_n i_o know_v indeed_o that_o such_o a_o licence_n be_v deny_v they_o not_o only_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o chief_o to_o prevent_v the_o convey_n of_o provision_n to_o the_o enemy_n for_o which_o cause_n also_o divers_a ship_n belong_v to_o the_o hans-town_n lade_v with_o corn_n be_v edita_fw-la take_v by_o english_a man_n of_o war_n in_o the_o very_a strait_n of_o lisbon_n without_o the_o sea-territorie_n of_o england_n which_o go_v by_o the_o 95._o scotish_n sea_n and_o the_o west_n towards_o portugal_n which_o be_v do_v doubtless_o that_o they_o may_v not_o presume_v to_o use_v the_o english_a sea_n without_o the_o leave_v of_o the_o queen_n but_o the_o hans-town_n cry_v out_o thereupon_o that_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n commerce_n and_o league_n be_v violate_v because_o their_o ship_n be_v so_o take_v by_o the_o english_a only_o upon_o this_o account_n that_o they_o carry_v provision_n to_o the_o enemy_n that_o be_v in_o a_o territory_n where_o the_o english_a do_v not_o in_o the_o least_o pretend_v to_o any_o dominion_n and_o concern_v this_o particular_a there_o be_v a_o notable_a question_n controvert_v by_o very_o 5._o learned_a man_n how_o far_o they_o that_o be_v not_o enemy_n or_o will_v not_o be_v call_v enemy_n may_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n afford_v supply_n unto_o a_o enemy_n but_o some_o year_n before_o the_o take_n of_o these_o ship_n when_o the_o hamburger_n who_o in_o the_o name_n also_o of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o hans-town_n desire_v leave_v to_o pass_v through_o this_o sea_n to_o portugal_n and_o spain_n be_v more_o than_o once_o deny_v any_o kind_n of_o liberty_n to_o transport_v either_o corn_n or_o warlike_a necessary_n they_o do_v not_o at_o all_o suggest_v that_o their_o petition_n at_o that_o time_n be_v ground_v upon_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n or_o commerce_n nor_o that_o the_o queen_n denial_n be_v contrary_a to_o this_o kind_n of_o law_n that_o be_v to_o say_v they_o be_v by_o her_o first_o 1589._o answer_n enjoin_v to_o abstain_v from_o transport_v arm_n with_o other_o warlike_a necessary_n and_o corn_n but_o say_v the_o queen_n in_o transport_v other_o commodity_n we_o shall_v not_o hinder_v you_o at_o all_o but_o shall_v with_o all_o favour_n permit_v the_o ship_n of_o your_o subject_n to_o abide_v and_o pass_v after_o the_o accustom_a manner_n that_o they_o may_v perform_v their_o voyage_n this_o answer_n they_o do_v not_o seem_v to_o take_v amiss_o but_o two_o year_n after_o they_o send_v into_o england_n sebastian_n à _fw-fr berghen_n their_o ambassador_n with_o petitionary_a letter_n desire_v that_o the_o exception_n in_o the_o licence_n former_o grant_v may_v be_v take_v away_o and_o a_o freedom_n to_o transport_v all_o kind_n of_o merchandise_n permit_v their_o petition_n be_v deny_v again_o and_o this_o moreover_o add_v that_o such_o as_o shall_v presume_v to_o do_v the_o contrary_a shall_v for_o their_o bold_a presumption_n suffer_v the_o loss_n of_o all_o their_o good_n and_o merchandise_n so_o carry_v against_o her_o majesty_n be_v will_v and_o pleasure_n if_o they_o fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o her_o man_n of_o war_n or_o any_o other_o of_o her_o majesty_n be_v subject_n thus_o they_o ever_o address_v themselves_o by_o petition_n and_o the_o queen_n give_v answer_n according_a to_o her_o pleasure_n they_o do_v not_o so_o much_o as_o pretend_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n or_o of_o commerce_n before_o that_o they_o understand_v their_o ship_n be_v seize_v in_o another_o sea_n to_o wit_n that_o of_o portugal_n which_o they_o conceive_v free_a for_o themselves_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o commerce_n without_o leave_v from_o the_o queen_n of_o england_n then_o it_o be_v they_o begin_v to_o plead_v that_o liberty_n ought_v not_o by_o any_o law_n to_o be_v deny_v even_o these_o man_n who_o but_o some_o year_n before_o have_v humble_o petition_v the_o queen_n of_o england_n more_o than_o once_o for_o free_a passage_n through_o the_o english_a sea_n so_o that_o that_o principal_a point_n as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n that_o relief_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v convey_v to_o enemy_n by_o a_o friend_n be_v not_o only_o the_o ground_n either_o of_o the_o hans-town's_a petition_n or_o the_o queen_n denial_n but_o her_o right_a of_o dominion_n by_o sea_n be_v concern_v also_o which_o the_o hans-town_n well_o know_v they_o shall_v violate_v if_o they_o shall_v pass_v the_o queen_n sea_n without_o she_o leave_v hereunto_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n those_o particular_n relate_v which_o we_o find_v concern_v this_o matter_n in_o those_o point_n that_o be_v to_o be_v insist_v on_o in_o the_o year_n mdxcvii_o by_o witfeldius_n and_o bernicovius_n ambassador_n from_o christiern_n the_o four_o king_n of_o denmark_n to_o the_o queen_n of_o england_n library_n we_o be_v say_v they_o strict_o enjoin_v by_o our_o king_n to_o mediate_v with_o her_o majesty_n that_o our_o country_n man_n may_v be_v permit_v a_o freedom_n to_o transport_v corn_n or_o provision_n towards_o spain_n even_o as_o we_o have_v do_v former_o and_o do_v now_o again_o with_o all_o earnestness_n desire_n especial_o since_o it_o be_v suppose_v that_o the_o same_o licence_n of_o transport_v corn_n be_v grant_v sometime_o both_o to_o english_a and_o dutch_a that_o our_o countryman_n may_v not_o be_v use_v in_o a_o worse_a manner_n than_o your_o own_o