to Sea every Morning and offer Battel to Lysander who lay at Anchor near Lampsachus and when they had done so returning back again they lay all the rest of the day carelesly and without order as Men who despis'd the Enemy Alcibiades who was not far off did not think so slightly of their Danger nor did neglect to let 'em know it but mounting his Horse he came to the Generals and represented to them that they had chosen a very inconvenient Station as wanting a safe Harbour and far distant from any Town so that they were constrain'd to send for their necessary Provisions as far as Sestos He alsâ— reprov'd them for their Carlesness in suffeâ—ing the Souldiers when they went ashore 〈◊〉 disperse themselves and wander up and down at their pleasure when the Enemies Fleet which was under the Command of one General and strictly obedient to Discipline lay so very near them Alcibiades admonish'd them of these things and advis'd them to remove the Fleet to Sestos But the Admirals did not only disregard what he said but Tydeus with great Insolence commanded him to be gone saying that now not he but others had the Command of the Forces Whereupon Alcibiades suspecting something of Treachery in them departed But he told his Friends who accompani'd him out of the Camp that if the Generals had not us'd him with such insupportable Contempt he would within a few days have forc'd the Lacedaemonians however unwilling either to have fought the Athenians at Sea or to have deserted their Ships Some look'd upon this as a piece of Ostentation only but others said the thing was probable for that he might have brought down by Land great Numbers of the Thracian Cavalry and Archers to assault and disorder them in their Camp. The Event did soon make it evident how very rightly he judg'd of the Errors which the Athenians committed For Lysander fell upon them on a sudden when they least suspected it with such Fury that Conon with 8 Galleys only escap'd him all the rest which were about 200 he took and carried away together with 3000 Prisoners which he afterwards put to death And within a short time after he took Athens it self burnt all the Ships which he found there and demolish'd their long Walls After this Alcibiades standing in dread of the Lacedaemonians who were now Masters both at Sea and Land retir'd into Bithynia He sent thither great Treasure before him took much with him but left much more in the Castle where he had before resided But he lost great part of his Wealth in Bithynia being robb'd by some Thracians who liv'd in those Parts and thereupon he determin'd to go to the Court of Artaxerxes not doubting but that the King if he would make tryal of his Abilities would find him not inferior to Themistocles besides that he was recommended by a more honourable Cause For he went not as Themistocles did to offer his Service against his fellow-Citizens but against their Enemies and to implore the King's Aid for the defence of his Country He concluded that Pharnabazus would most readily procure him a safe Conduct and therefore went into Phrygia to him and continu'd to dwell there some time paying him great Respect and being honourably treated by him The Athenians in the mean time were miserably afflicted â—â— their loss of Empire but when they werâ— depriv'd of Liberty also and Lysander had impos'd 30 Governours upon the City and their State was finally ruin'd then they began to reflect on those things which they would never consider whilst they were in a prospâ—rous condition then they did acknowledge and bewail their former Errors and Follies and judg'd this second ill Usage of Alcibiades to be of all others the most inexcusable For he was rejected without any Fault committed by himself and only because they were incens'd against his Lieutenant for having shamefully lost a few Ships they much more shamefully depriv'd the Common-wealth of a most valiant and most accomplish'd General Yet in this sad state of Affairs they had still some faint Hopes left them nor would they utterly despair of the Athenian Common-wealth while Alcibiades was safe For they perswaded themselves before when he was an Exile he could not content himself to live idly and at ease much less now if he could find any favourable opportunity would he endure the Insolence of the Lacedaemonians and the Outrages of the 30 Tyrants Nor was it an absurd thing in the People to entertain such Imaginations when the 30 Tyrants themselves were so very solicitous to be inform'd and to get Intelligence of all his Actions and Designs In fine Critias represented to Lysander that the Lacedaemonians could never securely enjoy the Dominion of Greece till the Athenian Democracy was absolutely destroy'd And tho' now the People of Athens seem'd quietly and patiently to submit to so small a number of Governours yet Alcibiades whilst he liv'd would never suffer them to acquiesce in their present Circumstances Yet Lysander would not be prevail'd upon by these Discourses till at last he receiv'd secret Letters from the Magistrates of Lacedaemon expresly requiring him to get Alcibiades dispatch'd Whether it was that they fear'd the vivacity of his Wit or the greatness of his Courage in enterprizing what was hazardous or whether it was done to gratify King Agis Upon receipt of this Order Lysander sent away a Messenger to Pharnabazus desiring him to put it in execution Pharnabazus committed the Affair to Magaeus his Brother and to his Uncle Susamithres Alcibiades resided at that time in a small Village in Phrygia together with Timandra a Mistress of his As he slept he had this Dream He thought himself attir'd in his Mistresses Habit and that she holding him in her Arms dress'd his Head and painted his Face as if he had been a Woman Others say he dream'd that Magaeuâ— cut off his Head and burnt his Body And it is said that it was but a little while before his Death that he had these Visions They who were sent to assassinate him had not Courage enough to enter the House but surrounding it first they set it on fire Alcibiades as soon as he perceiv'd it getting together great Quantities of Cloaths and Furniture threw them upon the Fire with a Design to choke it and having wrapp'd his Robe about his left Arm and holding his naked Sword in his right he cast himself into the middle of the Fire and escap'd securely through it before his Cloaths were burnt The Barbarians as soon as they saw him retreated and none of them durst stay to expect him or to engage with him but standing at a distance they slew him with their Darts and Arrows When he was dead the Barbarians departed and Timandra took up his dead Body and covering and wrapping it up in her own Robes she bury'd it as decently and as honourably as her present Circumstances would allow 'T is said that the
some of them he vanquish'd For he overcame Publius Licinius who was the first that invaded Macedonia in a Battel of Horsemen in which he slew 2500 stout Souldiers and took 600 Prisoners and surprizing their Fleet as they rode at Anchor before Orcum he took 20 Ships of Burden with all their Lading and sunk the rest that were fraighted with Corn. Besides this he made himself Master of 4 Galleys with 5 Oars in a Seat and fought another Battel with Hostilius the Consul who making an Inroad into his Countrey by the way of Emilia he forc'd to retreat and when he afterwards by stealth design'd an Invasion through Thessaly he urg'd him to fight which the other fear'd to hazard Nay more to shew his Contempt of the Romans and that he wanted Employment as a War by the By he made an Expedition against the Dardanians in which he slew 10000 of those barbarous People and brought a very great Spoyl away with him He privately also solicited the Gauls they are also call'd Basternae a warlike Nation and famous for Horsemen dwelling near the Danube and practised with the Illyrians by the means of Genthius their King to joyn with him in this War. It was also reported that the Barbarians being allured by him through the promise of Rewards were to make an Irruption into Italy through the lower parts of Gallia Cisalpina near the Adriatick Sea. The Romans being advertis'd of these things thought it necessary no longer to choose their Commanders for Favour or Solicitation but to pitch upon one for their General that was a Man of Wisdom and vers'd in the management of great Affairs And such was Paulus Emilius one well stricken in years as being near threescore yet vigorous in his own Person and surrounded with his valiant Sons and Sons-in-law besides a great number of very considerable Relations and Friends who all of them perswaded him to yield to the Desires of the People who call'd him to the Consulship But he at first carried it nicely to the Vulgar and as one averse to govern refus'd both the Honour and Care that attended it yet when they daily came to him to his Gate urging him to come forth to the place of Election and prosecuting him with noise and clamour he granted their Request When he appear'd amongst such as were Candidates he did not look as if he were about to receive the Consulship but to bring Victory and Success to the War and as soon as he yielded to come down into the Field they all received him with so great hopes and chearfulness of mind that they unanimously chose him a second time Consul nor would they suffer the Lots to be cast as was usual to determine which Province should fall to his share but immediately decreed him the Command of the Macedonian War. It is reported that when he was design'd General against Perseus and was honourably accompanied home by great numbers of People he found his Daughter Tertia a very little Girl weeping and making much of her demanded why she cryed She catching him about the Neck and kissing him said O Father know you not that our Perseus is dead meaning a little Dog of that Name that was brought up in the House with her to which Emilius replied Good Fortune my Daughter I embrace the Omen This Cicero the Orator relates in his Book of Divination It was the Custom for such as were chosen Consuls from a Pulpit design'd for such purposes kindly to bespeak the People and return them thanks for their Favour Emilius therefore having gather'd an Assembly spake as follows That he sued for the first Consulship because he himself stood in need of such Honour but for the second because they wanted a General upon which account he thought there was no thanks due if they judg'd they could manage the War by any other to more Advantage he would willingly yield up his Charge but if they confided in him they were not to make themselves his Colleagues in his Office or raise Reports and censure his Actions but without Reply and to their utmost to obey such Commands as were necessary to the carrying on the War for if they endeavour'd to goverâ— him who was to command they would render this Expedition more ridiculous than the former By this Speech he imprinted a Reverence for him amongst the Citizens and great expectations of future Success being all of them well pleased that they had pass'd by such as sought to be preferr'd by Flattery and pitch'd upon a Commander endu'd with Wisdom and Courage to tell them the truth Thus the People of Rome were Servants and obedient to Reason and Vertue that they might Rule and make themselves Masters of the World. Now that Emilius setting forward to the War by a prosperous Voyage and successful Journey arrived with speed and safety at his Camp I attribute to good Fortune but when I consider the Concerns of the War and his Government manag'd partly by his own daring Boldness partly by his good Counsel partly by the ready administration of his Friends partly by his presentness of Mind and skill to embrace the most proper Advice in the extremity of danger I cannot ascribe any of his remarkable and famous Actions as I can those of other Commanders to his so much celebrated good Fortune unless you will say that the Covetousness of Perseus was the good Fortune of Emilius The truth is the fear of spending his Money was the destruction and utter ruine of all those splendid and great Preparations by whose Help the Macedonians were in hopes to carry on the War with Success For there came at his Request 10000 Horse-men of the Basternae and as many Foot who were to keep Peace with them and supply their Places in case of failure all of them mercenary Souldiers a People neither skill'd in tilling of Land or Merchandize or able to get their Livings by Grasing but whose only business and perpetual study it was to fight and conquer those that resisted them When these came near Medica and were encamp'd and mix'd with the King's Souldiers being Men oâ— great Stature admirable at their Exercises great Boasters and loud in their Threats against their Enemies they added Courage to the Macedonians who were ready to think the Romans would not be able to abide their coming struck with terror at their Looks and Motions they were so strange and terrible to behold When Perseus had thus encouraged his Men and puff'd them up with so great Hopes as soon as a 1000 Crowns were demanded for each Captain he was so astonished and besides himself at the vastness of the Sum that his Covetousness made him send them back and refuse their Assistance as if he had been the Steward not the Enemy of the Romans and was to give an exact account of the Expences of the War to those with whom he waged it Nay when he had
march'd against Ptolomy Now when they fac'd one another Ptolomy corrupted these Mercenaries with a sum of Money and perswaded them to revolt to him but yet fearing the very Name and Reputation of Pelopidas he came to him as his Superior submitted begg'd his Pardon and protested that he kept the Government only for the Brothers of the dead King and would prove a Friend to the Friends and an Enemy to the Enemies of Thebes and to confirm this he gave his Son Philoxenus and 50 of his Companions for Hostages These Pelopidas sent to Thebes but he himself being vex'd at the Treachery of the Mercenaries and understanding that most of their Goods their Wives and Children lay at Pharsalus so that if he could take them the Injury would be sufficiently reveng'd he got together some of the Thessalians and march'd to Pharsalus When he was just entred the City Alexander the Tyrant appear'd before it with an Army but Pelopidas and his Friends thinking that he came to purge himself from those Crimes that were laid to his charge went to him and tho' they knew very well that he was profligate and cruel yet they imagin'd that the Authority of Thebes and their own Dignity and Reputation would secure them from Violence But the Tyrant seeing them come unarm'd and alone seiz'd them and made himself Master of Pharsalus Upon this his Subjects were extreamly afraid that after so great and so bold an Injury he would spare none but behave himself toward all and in all Matters as one just despairing of his Life The Thebans when they understood this were very much enrag'd and dispatch'd an Army Epaminondas being then in Disgrace under the Command of other Leaders Now when the Tyrant brought Pelopidas to Phera at first he permitted those that desir'd it to speak with him imagining that this Disaster would break his Spirit and make him appear contemptible But when Pelopidas advis'd the complaining Phereans to be comsorted as if the Tyrant in a short time would smart for his Injuries and sent to tell him That 't was absurd daily to torment and â—â—rder his wretched innocent Subjects and yet spare him whom he well knew if ever he got his Liberty would be bitterly reveng'd the Tyrant wondring at his Bravery reply'd And â—hy is Pelopidas in haste to die And he hearing of it return'd That thou mightest be the sooner ruin'd being then more hated by the Gods than now From that time he forbad any to discourse him but Thebe the Daughter of Jason and Wife to Alexander understanding from the Keepers the Bravery and generous Carriage of Pelopidas had a great desire to see and speak with him Now when she came into the Prison and as a Woman could not presently perceive his Greatness in his Calamity but guessing by the meanness of his Attire and Provision that he was us'd basely and not befitting a Man of his Reputation she wept Pelopidas at first not knowing who she was stood amaz'd but when he understood her Quality he saluted her by her Father's Name for Jason and he had been Friends and Familiars and she saying I pity your Wife Sir he reply'd And I you that being not in Chains can endure Alexander This touch'd the Woman for she already hated Alexander for his Cruelty and Injustice for his other Debaucheries and for abusing her younger Brother to his Lust and therefore going often to Pelopidas and speaking freely of the Indignities she suffer'd she grew more enrag'd and more exasperated against Alexander The Theban Generals that were sent into Thessaly did nothing but being both unskilful and unfortunate made a dishonourable Retreat for which the City fin'd each of them 10000 Drachma's and sent Epaminondas with their Forces The Thessalians rais'd with the Fame of this General presently began to stir and the Tyrants Affairs sank into a very dangerous condition so great was the fear that possess'd his Captains and his Friends so eager the desire of his Subjects to revolt so much they rejoyc'd at Alexanders approaching Ruine which they so passionately expected But Epaminondas being more solicitous for the Safety of Pelopidas than his own Glory and fearing that if things came to Extremity Alexander would grow desperate and like a wild Beast turn and worry him did not vigorously prosecute the War but hovering still over him with his Army he so handled the Tyrant as not to make him despair nor exasperate his Fury for he understood his Savageness and the little Value he had for Right and Just insomuch that sometimes he buried Men alive sometimes he dress'd them in Bears and Boars Skins and then baited them with Dogs or shot at them for his Divertisement At Melibea and Scotusa two Cities his Allies he call'd all the Inhabitants to an Assembly and then surrounded them and cut them to pieces with his Guards He consecrated the Spear with which he kill'd his Uncle Polyphron and crowning it with Garlands sacrific'd to it as a God and call'd it Tychon And once seeing a Tragaedian act Euripides his Troades he went out of the Theatre but sending for the Actor bad him not to be concern'd at his Departure but go on with the Play for 't was not in Contempt of him that he departed but he was asham'd that his Citizens should see him who never pity'd any Man that he murder'd weep at the Sufferings of Hecuba and Audromache This Tyrant startled at the very Name Glory and Appearance of an Expedition under the Conduct of Epaminondas presently sent an Embassy to entreat and offer Satisfaction but Epaminondas refus'd to admit such a Man for an Ally to the Thebans but granted him a Truce of 30 days and Pelopidas and Ismenius being deliver'd he return'd Now the Thebans understanding that the Spartans and Athenians had sent an Embassy to the Persian for Assistance they likewise sent Pelopidas an excellent Design to encrease his Glory no Man of so great Fame and Reputation having ever before entred the Dominions of the King for the Glory that he won against the Spartans did not creep slowly or obscurely but after the Fame of the first Battel at Leuctra was gone abroad the Report of some new Victories continually following exceedingly encreas'd and far and near spread his Reputation When he came to the Nobles and Captains that waited at the King's Palace he was the Object of their Wonder and Discourse This is the Man said they who hath beaten the Lacedaemonians from their Principality of Sea and Land and confin'd Sparta within Geta and Eurotas which but a little before under the Conduct of Agesilaus fought the great King about Susa and Ecbatana This pleas'd Artaxerxes and he increas'd Pelopidas his Reputation and Honours being desirous to seem reverenc'd and sought to by the greatest But when he saw him and heard his Discourse more solid than the Arthenians and not so haughty as the Spartans his Love was heightned and truly acting like a King
Counsel In this sort were â—he Grecian Captains busied But Aristides â—erceiving Psyttalia a small Island that lieth â—ithin the streights over against Salamis wholâ— taken up by the Enemy he put aboard â—is Tenders the most forward and couraâ—ious of his Country-men and went ashore â—pon it and joyning Battel with the barâ—arous people slew them all except such â—emarkable Persons as were taken alive Aâ—ongst these were three Children of Canâ—auce the King's Sister whom he immediâ—tely sent away to Themistocles and it is reâ—orted that according to a certain Oracle â—hey were by the Command of Euphrantides â—he Seer sâ—crificed to Bacchus Omestes or â—he Devouâ—er But Aristides surrounding â—he Island with Armed Men lay in wait â—r such as were cast thereon to the intent none of his Friends should perish or any of his Enemies escape For the greatest engagement of the Ships and the main fury of the whole Battel seemeth to have been about this place Wherefore a Trophy was erected in Psyttalia After the fight Themistocles to sound Aristides told him they had performed a good piece of service but there was a better yet to be done the keeping Asia in Europe by sayling forthwith to the Hellespont and cutting in sunder the Bridg. But Aristides exclaiming desired him to let fall the Discourse but to deliberate and Essay as soon as possible to remove the Mede out of Greece lest being inclosed through want of means to escape necessity should convert him to force his way with so great an Army So Themistocles once more dispatched Arnaces the Eunuch his Prisoner giving him in Command privately to advertise the King that he had diverted the Greeks from their intention oâ— setting Sail for the Bridges out of a desire hâ— had to preserve him Xerxes being much terrified herewith immediately speeded tâ— the Hellespont But Mardonius was leâ—â— with the most serviceable part of the Army about three hundred thousand 〈◊〉 and was formidable through 〈◊〉 great confidence he had reposed in his Infantry menacing the Grecians and writing to theâ— in this manner You have overcome by Sea Men accustomed to sight on Land and unskilled at the Oar but now there is in the Champaign Countrey of Thessaly and the Plains of Beeotia convenient for the Valiant either Horse or Foot to contend in But he sent privately to the Athenians both by Letter and word of Mouth from the King promising to re-edifie their City to give them a vast sum of Money and constitute them Lords of all Greece on condition they were not engaged in the War. The Lacedaemonians being advertised hereof and fearing dispatched an Embassy to the Athenians entreating that they would send their Wives and Children to Sparta and receive Alimony from them for their superannuated For being spoiled both of their City and Countrey an extream poverty oppressed the people Having given Audience to the Embassadors they returned an Answer upon the motion of Aristides which was to admiration declaring that they forgave their Enemies if they thought all things â—urchasable by wealth than which they knew noâ—hing of greater value but that they were highâ—y offended at the Lacedaemonians because they â—ad respect onely to their present poverty and â—xigence without any remembrance of their â—alour and Magnanimity when they exâ—ort them to fight in the cause of Greece for the reward of their Bread. Aristides making this Proposal and bringing back the Embassadours into the Assembly charged them to tell the Lacedaemonians that all the Treasure in the whole World was 〈◊〉 of that value with the people of Athens as the liberty of Greece And shewing the Suâ— to those who came from Mardonius as long as that retains the same course so long said he shall the Citizens of Athens wage War with the Persians for that Country which has been wasted and those Temples that have been profaned and burnt by them Moreover he preferred a Decree that the Priests should Anathematize him who sent any Embassageâ— to the Medes or deserted the Alliance of Greece When Mardonius made a second Incursion into the Countrey of Attica they passed over again to the Isle of Salamis But Aristides being sent to Lacedaemon reproved in them their delay and neglect as abandoning Athens once more to the Barbarians but demanded their assistance for that parâ— of Greece which was not yet lost The Ephori hearing this made shew of sporting all Day and carelesly keeping Holy-day foâ— they celebrated the Hiacynthia But in thâ— night selecting five thousand persons each oâ— which was attended by seven Ilotes they sent them forth unknown to those oâ— Athens And when Aristides came again to reprehend them they told him in derision that he either doted or dreamed for the Army was already at Oresteum in their march towards the Strangers for so they called the Persians But Aristides said they jested unseasonably deluding their Friends instead of their Enemies Thus says Idomeneus But in the Decree of Aristides not himself but Cimon Xanthippus and Muronides are appointed Embassadors Being chose General of the War he repaired to Plateae with eight thousand Athenians where Pausanias Generalissimo of all Greece joined him with the Spartans and the forces of the other Grecians came in to tâ—em The whole Camp of the Barbarians being extended all along the Bank of the River Asopus their numbers were so great there was no bounding them but their Carriages and most valuable things they surrounded with a square Bulwark each side of which was the length of ten â—urlongs Now Tisamenes of this had prophesied â—o Pausanias and all the Grecians and foreâ—old them the Victory if they made no atâ—empt upon the Enemy but stood on their defence But Aristides sending to Delphos â—he God answer'd that the Athenians should overcome their Enemies in case they made supplication to Jupiter and Juno of Citheron Pan and the Nymphs Sphragitides and sâ—crificed to the Heroes Androcrates 〈◊〉 Pisander Damocrates Hypsion Actaeon and Polyidus and if they fought within their own Territories in the Plain of Ceres Eleusina and Proserpina Aristides was perplexed at the return of this Oracle for the Heroes to whom it commanded him to Sâ—crifice had been Chieftains of the Plataeans and the Cave of the Nymphs Sphragitides was on the top of Mount Citheron on that side which in the Summer season in opposed to the setting Sun In which place as Fame goeth there was formerly an Oracle and many that dweâ—◠〈◊〉 those parts were inspired with it whom tâ—â—y called Nympholepti possessed with thâ— Nymphs But the Plain of Ceres Eleusina and giving Victory to the Athenians if they fought in their own Territories recalled again and transferred the War into the Country of Attica In this Juncture Arimnestuâ— who commanded the Plataeans dreamed that Jupiter the Saviour asking him what the Grecians had resolved upon he answered To morrow Lord we march our Army to Eleusis and there give the Barbarians Battel according to the directions of the Oracle of
Pyrrhus and the third was Himself Africanus with a Gentle smile asks What would you have said if I had never Vanquisht you O Scipio says he I would not then have made my self the third but First Commander The Generality of Rome had Scipio in Veneration for these Gallantries But they observed so wide a Disparity in this Deportment of Titus that they revil'd him as one who had put his Sickle into other mens Corn had laid his hands upon another's dead Corpse Not but that there were them who put a better Construction upon and applauded the action who look'd upon a living Hannibal as Fire which wanted onely Bellows to blow it into a Flame For when he was in the Prime and Flower of his Age 't was not his Body 't was not his Hand that struck Terrour into the Roman Eagles but his Head-piece his experience and skill in Martial Affairs joyn'd with an innate malice and inveterate rancour against the Roman name which doth not impair with Age. For the Temper and bent of the Soul keeps to its Pole and Participates of the same Nature still but Fortune varies her Points and even in her greatest Declination upon new hopes of Success rallies together for new attempts all such whom Hatred and Revenge keep ready listed for Action But the After games that were plaid Rome make yet farther to the Justification of Titus For first Aristonicus the Son of a Fidler's Daughter upon the Reputation of being the natural Son of Eumenes fill'd all Asia with Tumults and Rebellion Then again Mithridates after a Total Rout given him by Sylla and Fimbrias and so vast a slaughter as well among his prime Officers as common Souldiers made head again against Lucullus with a puissant Army both by Sea and Land. Besides Hannibal was never reduc'd to so contemptible a State as Caius Marius for the former had something reserv'd to him the amity of a King a Pension and subsistence under him the Enjoyment of his Friends and what was yet more dangerous a trust and Charge in the Navy and over the Horse and Foot of Prusias Whereas the condition of Marius was so Despicable as to be look't upon by Rome with Laughter and Contempt whilst he wander'd about Africa Destitute and Beggarly and yet a little after when in their own Streets their Backs were exposed to the Rods and their Necks to the Axe they Prostrate themselves to the same Marius So that there is nothing either Great or Little at this Moment which will hold so to all Futurity for nothing puts an end to the mutability and vicissitude of things but what does so to their very Being Some therefore tell us that Titus did not this of his own head but that he was joyn'd in Commission with Lucius Scipio and that the whole affair of the Embassy was to effect Hannibal's Death But now that we find no farther mention in History of any thing done by Titus either in point of War or in the Administration of the Government but that he Died in Peace 'T is time to look upon him as he stands in parison with Phelopoemen THE COMPARISON OF TITUS Q. FLAMINIUS AND PHILOPOEMEN FIrst then for Greatness of Good-Turns which Titus conferr'd on Greece neither Philopoemen nor many Braver men than he can make good the Parallel For under him Greece drew upon Greece to her Ruine But in Titus a Stranger to Greece fought for her Defence And at the time when Philopoemen went over into Crete destitute of any means whereby to succour his Besieged Country-men then did Titus by a defeat given to Philip in the heart of Greece set both them and all their Cities free Again if we examine into the Battels fought by each of these Philopoemen whilst he was the Achaeans General slew more Grecians than Titus in aiding the Grecians slew Macedonians As to their Failings Ambition was Titus his Weak-side and Obstinacy Philopoemen's in the former anger was easily kindled in the other 't was as hardly quench'd For Titus reserv'd to Philip the Royal Majesty and dignity of his Kingdom besides he Pardon'd the Aetolians and stood their Friend again But Philopoemen exasperated against his own Country took from them the Contributions which the adjacent Villages paid Titus was ever constant to those he had once befriended the other upon any grudge as prone to Cancel kindnesses for he who had afore-time been a Benefactour to the Lacedaemonians afterwards laid their Walls Level with the Ground wasted their Country and in the end chang'd and destroy'd the whole frame of their Government He seems in truth to have Prodigall'd away his own Life through Passion and Perverseness for he fell upon the Messenians with an eagerness as unsuitable as unseasonable not with that Conduct and Caution that Titus led on his men with But the many Battels he fought the many Trophies he won got Philopoemen a deeper Experience for Titus decided the matter betwixt Philip and him in two Engagements but Philopoemen came off Victorious in more than ten thousand Rencounters to all which Fortune had almost no Pretence so much was owing to his skill Besides Titus got his Renown assisted by the power of a flourishing Rome the other flourish'd under a declined Greece so that this Man's Gallantry was owing to himself alone Rome shar'd in the Glory of the other The one had Brave men under him the other made his Brave by being over them and though all Philopoemen's actions having no other Scene than his own Country no other Enemy than Grecians to Cope with afford no Instances of a Virtue Fortunate in the Subject of it yet they do of one Prevalent in its Success and where all other advantages are Equal Courage is sure to bring Victory over to her side He had indeed to do with two the most Warlike Nations of all Greece the Cretans on the one hand and the Lacedemonians on the other the craftyest of them he master'd by art and subtilty the stoutest he made to stoop to his Valour It may be said withal that Titus having his men arm'd and disciplin'd to his hand reap'd Laurels ready wreath'd for him Whereas Philopoemen was forc'd to Introduce a Discipline and Tacticks of his own and to new-mould and model his Souldiery in those Points so that that which is of greatest Import towards ensuring a Victory they being defective therein before was owing to his Invention whilst the other had it put into his hand to help him on to Conquest Philopoemen therefore effected many Gallant things with his own hand but Titus none Insomuch that one Archedemus an Aetolian one day plaid upon him That whereas Philopoemen ran with his drawn Sword where he saw the Macedonians keep closest lock'd and press'd him hardest Titus stood still fell a Praying and with hands stretch'd out to Heaven call'd to the Gods for aid 'T is true Titus acquitted himself excellently well both as a Governour and as an