Selected quad for the lemma: land_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
land_n	find_v	great_a	king_n	3,579	5	3.5272	3	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A47252	Romæ antiquæ notitia, or, The antiquities of Rome in two parts ... : an account of the religion, civil government, and art of war, with the remarkable customs and ceremonies, publick and private : with copper cuts of the principal buildings, &c. : to which are prefix'd two essays : concerning the Roman learning, and the Roman education / by Basil Kennett ...	Kennett, Basil, 1674-1715.	1696 (1696)	Wing K298; ESTC R18884	301,193	437

in any War without the express Order of the Senate or People (g) Ibid. pro P●sl●um Julia Lex Secunda the Author the same Julius Caesar in his Dictatorship ordaining that no Praetorian Province should be held above a Year and no Consular Province more than two Years (h) Cicero Philipp 3. Clodia Lex the Author P. Clodius Tribune of the Commons A. 695. ordaining that all Syria Babylon and Persia should be committed to Gabinius the Consul and Macedon Achaia Thessaly Greece and Boeotia to his Collegue Piso with the Proconsular Power and that a Sum should be paid them out of the Treasury to defray the Charges of their March thither with an Army (i) Cicero pro Domo pro Sextio Vatinia Lex the Author P. Vatinius Tribune of the Commons A. 694. ordaining that the Command of all Gallia Cisalpina and Illyricum should be conferr'd on Caesar for five Years together without a Decree of Senate and without the Formality of casting Lots That the particular Persons mention'd in the Bill should go with him in the Quality of Legati without the Deputation of the Senate That the Army to be sent with him should be paid out of the Treasury and that he should transplant a Colony into the Town of Novocomum in Gallia (k) Cicero in Va●ia●um pro Balbo Sueton. in J●lio Salust in Jugurth Clodia Lex de Cypro the Author P. Clodius Tribune of the Commons A. 695. ordaining that the Island Cyprus should be reduc'd into a Roman Province That Ptolemy King of Cyprus should be publickly expos'd to Sale habited in all his Regal Ornaments and his Goods in like manner sold by Auction That M. Cato should be sent with the Praetorian Power into Cyprus to take care of the selling the King's Effects and conveying the Money to Rome (l) Cicero pro Domo pro Sextio de Provin Consular Trebonia Lex the Author L. Trebonius Tribune of the Commons A. 698. decreeing the chief Command in Gallia to Caesar five Years longer than had been order'd by the Vatinian Law and so depriving the Senate of the Power of recalling him and substituting another General in his room (m) Cicero lib. 8 9 10. Epist ad Attic. Florus Epit. Liv. lib. 105. Titia Lex barely mention'd by Cicero (n) In Orat. pro Muranâ and not explained by Manutius or Rosinus The Purport of it seems to have been That the Provincial Quaestors should take their Places by Lot in the same manner as the Consuls and Praetors as may be gather'd from the Scope of the Passage in which we find it CHAP. XXIX Leges Agrariae or Laws relating to the Division of Lands among the People CASSIVS Lex the Author Sp. Cassius Viscellinus Consul with Proculus Virginius A. 267. ordaining that the Land taken from the Hernici should be divided half among the Latines and half among the Roman Commons (a) Liv. lib. 2. Valer. Mex lib. 9. cap 8. This Law did not hold Licinia Lex the Author C. Licinius Stolo Tribune of the Commons A. 377. ordaining that no Person should possess above five hundred Acres of Land or keep more than an hundred Head of great or five hundred Head of small Cattel (b) Liv. lib. 6. Appian Agellius Pliny Pa●ercul Plutarch c. Flaminia Lex the Author C. Flaminius Tribune of the Commons A. 525. ordaining that Picenum a part of Gallia whence the Senones had been expell'd should be divided among the Roman Soldiers (c) Cicero in Cat. Maj. Sempronia Lex Prima the Author T. Sempronius Gracchus Tribune of the Commons A. 620. confirming the Licinian Law and requiring all Persons who held more Land than that Law allow'd immediately to resign it into the Common to be divided among the poorer Citizens constituting three Officers to take care of the business (d) Cicero pro Sextio Plutarch c. This Law being levell'd directly against the Interest of the richer Men of the City who had by degrees contriv'd to engross almost all the Land to themselves after great Heats and Tumults at last cost the Author his Life Sempronia Lex altera preferr'd by the same Person upon the death of King Attalus who left the Roman State his Heir It ordain'd that all the ready Money found in that King's Treasure should be bestow'd on the poorer Citizens to supply them with Instruments and other Conveniences requir'd for Agriculture And that the King's Lands should be farm'd at an annual Rent by the Censors which Rent should be divided among the People (e) Cicero Verr. 5. Plutarch c. Thoria Lex the Author Sp. Thorius Tribune of the Commons ordaining that no Person should pay any Rent to the People of the Lands which he possess'd and regulating the business about feeding Cattel (f) Cicero de Orat. lib. 2. in Bruto Two large Fragments of this Law which was of a great length are copied from two old brazen Tables by Sigonius (g) De Antiq. Jure Ital. lib. 2. Cornelia Lex the Author L. Cornelius Sylla Dictator and Consul with Q. Metellus A. 673. ordaining that the Lands of proscrib'd Persons should be common This is chiefly to be understood of the Lands in Tuscany about Volaterrae and Fesulae which Sylla divided among his Soldiers (h) Cicero in Rullum pro Roscio Salust in Catilin Servilia Lex the Author P. Servilius Rullus Tribune of the Commons A. 690. in the Consulship of Cicero and Antony containing many Particulars about selling several Houses Fields c. that belong'd to the Publick for the purchasing Land in other parts of Italy about creating ten Men to be Supervisors of the Business and abundance of other Heads several of which are repeated by Cicero in his three Orations extant against this Law by which he hindred it from passing Flavia Lex the Author L. Flavius Tribune of the Commons A. 693. about dividing a sufficient quantity of Land among Pompey's Soldiers and the Commons (i) Cicero ad Attic. lib. 1. Julia Lex the Author Julius Caesar Consul with Bibulus A. 691 ordaining that all the Land in Campania which us'd formerly to be farm'd at a set Rent of the State should be divided among the Commons As also that all Members of Senate should swear to confirm this Law and to defend it against all Opposers Cicero calls this Lex Campana (k) Velleius Patero lib. 2. Plutarch in P●mp Caes Cat. Uticens Ad Attic. lib. 2. Epist 18. Mamilia Lex the Author C. Mamilius Tribune of the Commons in the time of the Jugurthan War ordaining that in the Bounds of the Lands there should be left five or six Foot of Ground which no Person should convert to his private use and that Commissioners should be appointed to regulate this Affair (l) Cicero lib. 1. de Leg. From this Law de Limitibus the Author took the Surname of Limentanus as he is call'd by Salust (m) In Bell.

the Command of the Continent could not satisfie the Roman Courage especially while they saw so delicious an Isle as Sicily almost within their reach They only waited an occasion to pass the Sea when Fortune presented as fair an one as they could wish The Inhabitants of Messina a Sicilian City made grievous Complaints to the Senate of the daily Encroachments of the Carthaginians a People of vast Wealth and Power and that had the same Design on Sicily as the Romans (a) Florus lib. 2. cap. 2. A Fleet was soon Mann'd out to their Assistance and in two Years time no less than Fifty Cities were brought over (b) Eutrop. lib. 2. The entire Conquest of the Island quickly follow'd and Sardinia and Corfica were taken in about the same time by a separate Squadron And now under the Command of Regulus and Manlius the Consuls the War was translated into Africa Three hundred Forts and Castles were destroy'd in their March and the victorious Legions encamp'd under the very Walls of Carthage The Enemy reduc'd to such straits were oblig'd to apply themselves to Xantippus King of the Lacedaemonians the greatest Captain of the Age who immediately march'd to their Assistance with a numerous and well-disciplin'd Army In the very first Engagement with the Romans he entirely defeated their whole Power Thirty thousand were kill'd on the spot and Fifteen thousand with the Consul Regulus taken Prisoners But as good Success always encourag'd the Romans to greater Designs so a contrary Event did but exasperate them the more The new Consuls were immediately dispatch'd with a powerful Navy and a sufficient number of Land-Forces Several Campaignes were now wasted without any considerable Advantage on either side Or if the Romans gain'd any thing by their Victories they generally lost as much by Shipwracks when at last the whole Power of both States being drawn together on the Sea the Carthaginians were finally defeated with the loss of 125 Ships sunk in the Engagement 73 taken 32000 Men kill'd and 13000 Prisoners Upon this they were compell'd to sue for a Peace which after much entreaty and upon very hard Conditions was at last obtain'd (c) Eutrop. lib. 2. But the Carthaginians had too great Spirits to submit to such terrible Terms any longer than their Necessities oblig'd them In four Years time (d) Florus lib. 2. c. 6. they had got together an Army of 150000 Foot and 20000 Horse (e) Eutrop. lib. 3. under the Command of the famous Hannibal who forcing a Way through the Pyren●ean Mountain and the Alpes reputed 'till that time impassable descended with his vast Army into Italy In Four successive Battels he defeated the Roman Forces in the last of which at Cannae 40000 of the latter were kill'd (f) Ibid. And had he not been meerly cast away by the Envy and Ill-will of his own Country-men 't is more than probable that he must have entirely ruin'd the Roman State (g) Cornelius Nepos in vit Hannibal But Supplies of Men and Money being sometimes absolutely deny'd him and never coming but very slowly the Romans had such Opportunities to recruit as they little expected from so experienc'd an Adversary The wise Management of Fabius Maximus was the first Revival of the Roman Cause He knew very well the Strength of the Enemy and therefore march'd against him without intending to hazard a Battel but to wait constantly upon him to straiten his Quarters intercept his Provisions and so make the victorious Army pine away with Penury and Want With this Design he always encamp'd upon the high Hills where the Horse could have no access to him When they march'd he did the same but at such a distance as not to be compell'd to an Engagement By this Policy he so broke Hannibal's Army as to make him absolutely despair of getting any thing in Italy (h) Flutarch in vit Fab. Max. But the conclusion of the War was owing to the Conduct of Scipio He had before reduc'd all Spain into Subjection and now taking the same course as Hannibal at first had done he march'd with the greatest part of the Roman Forces into Africa and carrying all before him to the very Walls of Carthage oblig'd the Enemy to call home their General out of Italy for the Defence of the City Hannibal obey'd and both Armies coming to an Engagement after a long Dispute wherein the Commanders and Soldiers of both Sides are reported to have out-done Themselves the Victory fell to the Romans Whereupon the Enemy were oblig'd once more to su●● for a Peace which was again granted them tho' upon much harder Conditions than before The Romans by the happy conclusion of this War had so highly advanc'd themselves in the Opinion of the Neighbouring States that the Athenians with the greatest part of Greece being at this time miserably enslav'd by King Philip of Macedon unanimously petition'd the Senate for Assistance A Fleet with a sufficient number of Land-Forces was presently dispatch'd to their Relief by whose Valour the Tyrant after several Defeats was compell'd to restore all Greece to their ancient Liberties obliging himself to pay an annual Tribute to the Conquerours (i) Eutrop. lib. 4. Hannibal after his late Defeat had apply'd himself to Antiochus King of Syria who at this time was making great Preparations against the Romans Acilius Glabrio was first sent to oppose him and had the Fortune to give him several Defeats when Cornelius Scipio the Roman Admiral engaging with the King's Forces at Sea under the Command of Hannibal entirely ruin'd the whole Fleet. Which Victory being immediately follow'd by another as signal at Land the effeminate Prince was contented to purchase a Peace at the price of almost half his Kingdom (k) Florus lib. 2 cap. 8. The victorious Romans had scarce concluded the Publick Rejoicings on account of the late Success when the death of King Philip of Macedon presented them with an occasion of a more glorious Triumph His Son Perseus that succeeded resolving to break with the Senate apply'd himself wholly to raising Forces and procuring other Necessaries for a War Never were greater Appearances in the Field than on both sides most of the considerable Princes in the World being engag'd in the Quarrel But Fortune still declar'd for the Romans and the greatest part of Perseus's prodigious Army was cut off by the Consul Aemylius and the King oblig'd to surrender himself into the hands of the Conquerour (l) Vell. Paterc lib. 1. Authors that write of the Four Monarchies here fix the end of the Macedonian Empire But Rome could not think her self secure among all these Conquests while her old Rival Carthage was yet standing So that upon a slight Provocation the City after three Years Siege was taken and utterly rased by the Valour of Publius Scipio Grand-son by Adoption to him that conquer'd Hannibal (m) Ibid. Not long after Attalus King of Pergamus dying without Issue left his vast Territories

Tectae or Constratae or the Apertae The Tectae or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 were so call'd because they had 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Hatches whereas the Apertae or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 had none The greater Ships as the Quadriremes and upwards seem always to have had Hatches the Triremes and Biremes are sometimes describ'd otherwise and all below these were Apertae Cicero and other Authors somtimes use the Word Aphractum for a particular sort of Ship and Polybius 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for a Quinquereme Besides these we meet with the Naves rostratae and Naves turritae the first were such as had Beaks or Rostra necessary to all Ships which were to engage in a Battel The others were such as had Turrets erected on their Decks from whence the Soldiers us'd all manner of Weapons and Engines as if it had been on Land and so engag'd with the greatest Fury imaginable as Virgil describes the Fight at Actium Pelago credas innare revulsas Cycladas aut montes concurrere montibus altos Tantâ mole viri turritis puppibus instant Aen. 8. The Officers in the Navy were the Praefectus Classis or Admiral and sometimes the Duumviri when two were join'd in Commission together with the Trierarchus or Captain of a particular Ship most properly of the Trireme the Gubernator or Master the Celeustes or Boatswain and others of inferiour Note Under the Emperours as there were Legions establish'd in most parts of the Roman Dominions so had they constantly Fleets in those Seas which lay conveniently for the defence of the neighbouring Countries As Augustus kept one Navy at Misenum in the Mare inferum to protect and keep in obedience France Spain Mauritania Egypt Sardinia and Sicily Another at Ravenna in the Mare superum to defend and bridle Epirus Macedon Achaia Crete Cyprus together with all Asia Nor were their Navies only maintain'd on the Seas but several too on the principal Rivers as the Germanica Classis on the Rhine the Danubiana the Euphratensis c. to be met with in Tacitus and other Historians See Sir Henry Savil 's Dissertation at the end of his Translation of Tacitus To this Subject of the Roman Shipping we may add a very remarkable Custom of such as had escap'd a Wreck at Sea which we find hinted at in almost every Place of the Poets and often alluded to by other Authors on which the great Modern Critick delivers himself to this purpose It was a Custom for those who had been sav'd from a Shipwrack to have all the Circumstances of their Adventure represented on a Table Some Persons made use of their Table to move the Compassion of those that they met as they travell'd up and down and by their Charity to repair their Fortunes which had suffer'd so much at Sea These Juvenal describes Sat. 14. Mersâ rate naufragus assem Dum rogat pictâ se tempestate tuetur His Vessel sunk the Wretch at some Lane's end A painted Storm for Farthings does extend And lives upon the Picture of his Loss For this purpose they hung the Tablet about their Necks and kept singing a sort of canting Verses expressing the manner of their Misfortunes almost like the Modern Pilgrims Persius Sat. 1. Cantet si naufragus assem Protulerim Cantas cum fractâ te in trabe pictum Ex humero portes Say should a Ship-wrack'd Saylor sing his Woe Wou'd I be mov'd to pity or bestow An Alms Is this your Season for a Song When your despairing Phiz you bear along Daub'd on a Plank and o'er your Shoulders hung Others hung up such a Table in the Temple of the particular Deity to whom they had address'd themselves in their Exigence and whose assistance had as they thought effected their safety This they term'd properly votiva Tabella Juvenal has a fling at the Roman Superstition in this point when he informs us that 't was the business of a whole Company of Painters to draw Pictures on these accounts for the Temple of Isis Quam votivâ testantur Fana Tabellâ Plurima pictores quis nescit ab Iside pasci Such as in Isis some may be survey'd On Votive Tablets to the Life pourtray'd Where Painters are employ'd and earn their Bread But the Custom went much farther for the Lawyers at the Bar us'd to have the Case of their Client express'd in a Picture that by shewing his hard Fortune and the Cruelty and Injustice of the adverse Party they might move the Compassion of the Judge This Quintilian declares himself against in his sixth Book Nor was this all for such Persons as had escap'd in any fit of Sickness us'd to dedicate a Picture to the Deity whom they fansied to have reliev'd them And this gives us a light into the meaning of Tibullus Lib. 1. Eleg. 3. Nunc dea nunc succurre mihi nam posse mederi Picta docet Templis multa tabella tuis Now Goddess now thy tortur'd Suppliant heal For Votive Paints attest thy sacred Skill Thus the old Christians (m) Casaubon in Persius Sat. I. V. 88. upon any signal recovery of their Health us'd to offer a sort of Medal in Gold or Silver on which their own Effigies was express'd in Honour of the Saint whom they thought themselves oblig'd to for their Deliverance And this Custom still obtains in the Popish Countries (n) Dacier on Horace lib. 1. Od. 5. PART II. BOOK V. Miscellany Customs of the Romans CHAP. I. Of the Private Sports and Games A Great part of the Roman Pomp and Superstition was taken up in their Games and Shows and therefore very many of their Customs have a dependance on those Solemnities But in our way we should not pass by the private Sports and Diversions not that they are worth our notice in themselves but because many Passages and Allusions in Authors would otherwise be very difficult to apprehend The Private Games particularly worth our Remark are the Latrunculi the Tali and Tesserae the Pila the Par impar and the Trochus The Game at Latrunculi seems to have been much of the same nature as the Modern Chess The Original of it is generally referr'd to Palamedes his Invention at the Siege of Troy Tho' Seneca attributes it to Chilon one of the seven Grecian Sages and some fansie that Pyrrhus King of Epirus contriv'd this Sport to instruct his Soldiers after a diverting manner in the Military Art However 't is certain it expresses the Chance and Order of War so very happily that no place can lay so just a Claim to the Invention as the Camp Thus the ingenious Vida begins his Poem on this Subject Ludimus effigiem belli simulataque veris Praelia buxo acies fictas ludicra regna Vt gemini inter se reges albusque nigerque Pro lande oppositi certant bicoloribus armis Wars harmless Shape we sing and Boxen Trains Of Youth encountring on the Cedar Plains How two tall Kings by different Armour known Traverse