which they begot their children and in which they were begot themselves Sometimes they lamented their own misfortune that they lived to see that day sometimes the misfortune of their children that they were not born after it Philip in the mean time did remove some of them into the frontier Garrisons and set them before the faces of their Enemies others he did dispose of into the farthest bounds of his Kingdom Some whom he had taken Prisoners in the war he reserved at home to supply his Cities and so out of many Countreys and Nations he constituted one Kingdom and People The affairs of Macedonia being set in order he became master of the Dardanians and other neighbouring places taken by deceit neither did he abstain from those who were most neer unto him for he determined to drive Arymbas out of his Kingdom who was King of Epirus and in the neerest consanguinity obliged to his wife Olympias and for this purpose he sent for Alexander the brother of his wife Olympias a boy of a sweet and lovely countenance to come in his sisters name to Macedonia and with all his art having sollicited him into the hope of his Fathers Kingdom dissembling his lust he enforced him to grant him the unlawful use of his body thinking that he would be more obsequious to him either through this familiarity of unlawful love or through the benefit of the Kingdom therefore when he arrived to the age of twenty yeers he took the Kingdom from Arymbas and gave it unto him being unrighteous in both for that he observed not the rights of consanguinity in him f om whom he took the Kingdom and that he made him his prostitute before he made him a King unto whom he gave it THE NINTH BOOK OF IVSTINE WHen Philip had advanced into Greece sollicited by the plundering of a few Cities and finding by their riches how great was the wealth of them all he intended to make war upon all Greece and thinking that if he could be master of Bizantium a famous Sea-Town iâ— would much conduce to his affairs it being a gallant reserve both by Sea and Land he layd a fiege unto it shutting her Gates against him This City was first builded by Pausanias King of the Sparians and possessed by him for thâ— space of seven yeers Afterwards by the several inclinations of Victory it was sometimes in the power of the Lacedemonians and sometimes of the Athenians which uncertain possession was the cause that neither of them either helping it or owning it as their own she did more constantly maintain her liberty Philip therefore being weary and his stock exhausted with the long delay of the siege made use of Piracy for the purchase of moneys and having taken one hundred and seventy ships he refreshed his Army distracted and languishing through want And that so great a power might not be held in a Leagueâ— before one Town taking with him the most valiant of them he besieâ—ed many Cities of the Châ—â—sonesians and sent for his son Alexander being then eighteen yeers of age to come unto him that he might learn under him the first rudiments of the War He marched also into Scythia to see what plunder he could get there and like a Merchant he maintained one war by the profits of another At that time Matthaeas was King of the Scythians who being oppressed by the war of the I strians did desire the assistance of Philip by the Apollonians promising to adopt him into the succession of the Kingdom of Scythia In the mean time the King of the I strians dying delivered the Scythians both from the fear of the war and the need of assistance Therefore Matthaeas having dismissed the Macedonians commanded them to acquaint Philip that he neither desired his ayd nor did intend his adoption for the Scythians he said did not need the revenge of the Macedonians being better men then themselves neither his Son being alive did he want an 〈◊〉 This being understood Philip sent Ambassadors to Matthaeas desiring of him to lend him some moneys towards the charge of the fiege least through want he should be enforced to forsake the war which the more reâ—dily he said he ought to do because he paid not the souldiers whom he sent unto his ayd who received nothing for their service nor for the charges of their march in the way Matthaeas excusing himself by reason of the unkindness of the heaven the barrenness of the earth that neither inriched the Scythians with Patrimonies nor allowed them sustenance made answer that he had no wealth wherewith to satisfie so great a King and therefore it were more honourable for him to deny him altogether then to contribute but a little to him the Scythians he said were esteemed not by their wealth but by the vertues of their minde by the strength and hardness of their bodies Philip finding himself deâ—ided having raised the fiege before Byzantium did advance against the Scythians who to make them the more secure did send Ambassadors to enform Matthaeas that when he besieged Byzantium he had vowed a Statue to Hercules and that he now came to erect it at the mouth of the River of Ister he therefore desired that coming as a friend to the Scythians he might be allowed a peaceable entrance to perform his religion to his god Matthaeas made answer that if he would perform his vowes he should send the Effigies unto him and promised that it should not onely be erected accordingly as he desired but that it should stand inviolated He sent him word that he could not give way that his Army should enter into his Dominions and if he should erect any Statue the Scythians being unwilling he would pull it down again when he was departed and convert the brass of the Statue into heads for arrows With these passages the minds of both being much exasperated the battel was begun The Scythians excell'd in vertue and valor howsoever they were overcome by the policy of Philip. There were taken twenty thousand women and children and a vast booty of Cattel but of gold and silver nothing at all And although it were before reported it was at this time first of all believed how poor the Scythians were Twenty thousand of their Mares of a brave race were sent into Macedonia for breed But the Triballians did meet with Philip on his return from Scythia they denied to give him passage unless they received part of the prey From hence began the quarrel and by and by the fight in which Philip was so sorely wounded in his thigh that through his body his horse was killed when all conceived him to be slain the booty was all lost therefore the devoted spoyls of the Sythians were to be lamented rather than enjoyed by the Macedons as soon as he began to recover of his wound he brought upon the Athenians his long dissembled war to whose cause the Thebans did joyn themselves fearing least the Athenians being overcome
on a sudden the Priests of all the Temples the Prophets themselves with their hair dishevelled in their most solemn habits and fillets did tremble all with indignation did run forth mad into the Front of the Army where the fight most violently was maintained They cryed out that their god was come down that they beheld him leaping into the Temple laughing from the opened Roofs thereof for whiles they most humbly emplored his help a young man as admirable in his beauty as the tall proportion of his body with two armed Virgins who were his Companions did appear and did meet them out of the two adjoyning Temples of Diana and Minerva neither did they onely behold them with their eyes but they heard also the twang of his Bow and the clashing of his Armour they therefore conjured them by the utmost Imprecations that they would not delay to make a thorow-dispatch upon their Enemies the gods being their Leaders and to joyn themselves Companions with them in the Victory with these words being enflamed they did all throw themselves upon the points of their Enemies swords and immediately they perceived the presence of their god For part of the Hill being torn off by an Earthquake did overwhelm the Army of the Gauls and the most thick and pointed wedges did fall to the ground not without some wounds to the Delphians Immediately there followed a great Tempest of hayl lightning thunder which devoured those who fainted by reason of their wounds Brennus their General when he could not endure the anguish of his wounds did end his life with his Poynedo Belgius the other of their Generals the Authors of this war being punished departed in a flying march out of Greece with ten thousand of his Associates But Fortune was not more propitious to them flying for fearful as they were there was no night without rain or cold nor day without labor and danger but daily storms and snow concrete with Ice and hunger and weariness and above all the great evil of too much watching did consume the miserable Relicks of the unhappy war The people also and Nations through which they marched did pursue them flying before them as a prey By which means it came to pass that not one of so great an Army who not long before being too confident in their strength and numbers presumed to plunder the gods did now remain to witness the remembrance of so great an overthrow THE Five and twentieth BOOK OF IVSTINE PEace being concluded betwixt the two Kings Antigonus and Antiochus when Antigonus returned into Macedonia a new Enemy did on a sudden arise unto him for the Gauls who were left by Brennus to defend the bounds of the Nation when he advanced into Greece that they alone might not seem idle having armed fifteen thousand foot and three thousand horse did invade the Getes and Tribals and having overcome them they did hang like a dark cloud over Macedonia and sent their Ambassadors to King Antigonus to offer him a mercenary Peace and to discover his strength Antigonus with royal magnificence did invite them to a stately Banquet set forth in the highest manner that could be devised The Gauls admiring the vast weights of gold and silver which on purpose were layd open to their observations and being provoked by the abundance and variety of the booty returned more greedy of war then when they came forth The King also commanded that the Elephants should be shewed unto them for a terror it being a sight unaccustomed to them and that they should see the ships laden with Souldiers and gallantly equipped being ignorant that he did hereby tempt them by the rlchness of the booty whom he thought to have affrighted by the greatness of his power The Ambassadors being returned made all things greater then they were and declared both the wealth and the security of the King his Tents they said were covered with gold and silver and defended neither by works nor ditches and as if their riches were defence enough they neglected all Military duties thinking belike that they needed not the defence of Iron because they abounded with gold By this relation the desires of the greedy Nation were the more provoked to the prey The Example of Belgius did the more excite them who not long before had overthrown the Army of the Macedons and killed the King himself With the general consent of all they in the night did invade the Tents of the King who foreseeing this tempest did give order the day before to take away all the precious moveables and privately to hide themselves in the adjoyning woods neither was the Camp otherwise preserved then that it was thus abandoned For the Gauls when they saw all things forsaken and not onely without Defenders but also without a Guard conceiving it to be rather an Ambush then a flight they did forbear for a while to enter into the Ports thereof At last they possessed themselves of them rather examining and searching then plundering them and not long afterwards taking away what they found they did carry it to the shore There when too rashly they thought to seise upon the ships they were killed by the Sea-men and by a part of the Land Army who fled thither with their Wives and children suspecting no such danger And so great was the slaughter of the Gauls that the report and opinion of this Victory procured peace to Antigonus not from the Gauls but some other stubborn Enemies who were his Neghbors The yong men of the Gauls at that time were so numerous that they swarmed all over Asia neither did the Kings of the East manage any wars without the mercenary Army of the Gauls neither did those who were banished or beaten from their Kingdoms address themselves unto any but to the Gauls onely So great was the terror of their name or the invincible happiness of their Arms that the King believed their Majestie was not safe nor could they recover it being lost unless they were assisted by the valor of the Gauls Being therefore called by the King of Bithynia to his help and the Victory obtained they divided the Kingdom with him and called that Country Gallograecia Whiles these things were performed in Asia Phyrrus being overcome by the Carthaginians in a battel at Sea desired ayd of Antigonus King of Macedonia declaring that if he assisted him not he must be enforced to return into his Kingdom and seek the advancement of his Fortunes from the Romans Which when his Ambassadors brought him word was denyed having dissembled the reason he pretended a sudden departure In the mean time he commanded hls Confederates to provide for the war and delivered the Government of the Tower of Tarentum to Helenus his Son and Milo his friend Being returned into Epirus he immediately invaded the bounds of Macedonia where Antigonus did meet him with an Army and being overcome by him was put to flight Pyrrhus hereupon did take Macedonia into his power
there was no place that was sooner severed from the fire then the North by reason of the cold as to this day it is to be seen that no Clime is more stiffe with Winter but Egypt and all the East received long afterwards their temper seeing it doth still burn with the violent heat of the Sun On the other side if all Lands were heretofore drowned in the Deeps no doubt but every highest part the waters flowing down was first uncovered and that the water stayed for a long time in the lower Countries and the sooner that any part of the earth became dry before the other the sooner it began to bring forth creatures But Scythia is so high in her situation above all other Lands that all Rivers which have their beginnings there do flow down first unto the Maeotick then into the Pontick and afterwards into the Egyptian Sea but Egypt whose fences have been made at the care and charges of such great Kings and so many ages and provided with so many Banks against the force of the falling Rivers and cut into so many Ditches that when the waters are drayned from one place they are received into another and yet for all this cannot be inhabited unless Nilus too be excluded cannot appear to pretend to any antiquity which both by the exaggeration either of her Kings and of Nilus drawing so much mud after it doth seem of all Lands to be the last inhabited The Egyptians being overcome with these Arguments the Scythians were always esteemed the more Antient. Scythia being stretch'd forwards towards the East is inclos'd on one side with Pontus and on the other with the Riphaean mountains on the back of us with Asia and the River Phaesis The men have no limits to their possessions they Till not the ground nor have any house or shelter or place of residence being accustomed to wander through waste and unfrequented places as they drive and feed their Cattel they carry their wives and children with them in Waggons Which being covered with the Hides of Beasts to defend them from the showers and tempests they do use in the stead of houses The Justice of the Nation is more beautified by the simplicity of their conversation then by their Laws There is no crime amongst them more capitall then theft for having flocks and droves without any house or fence what would be safe amongst them if it were lawful for them to steal they despise gold and silver as much as other men do covet it They feed on milk and honey The use of Wool and of Apparel is unknown unto them and because they are pinched with continual cold they are cloathed with the skins of wild beasts great and smal This their continence hath endued them with such a righteousness of conversation that they covet not any thing which is their neighbours for there is the desire of riches where is the use of it and it were to be wished that in other men there were the like moderation and abstinence surely not so many wars should be continued through all Ages almost over all Lands neither should the sword devour more men then the natural condition of Fate It is wonderful indeed that Nature hath granted that to these which the Grecians could not attain unto by the repeated Instructions of their wise men and the Precepts of their Philosophers and that their refined Manners should stoop in the comparison to unrefined Barbarism so much the ignorance of vices hath profited more in them then doth in others the knowledge of vertue The Scythians thrice attempted the chief command of Asia they themselves did always remain either untouched or unconquered by the forces of others by a shamefull flight they removed from Scythia Darius King of the Persians They destroyed Cyrus with all his Army and in the same manner they overthrew Zopyron one of the Commanders of Alexander the Great with all his power They heard of but not felt the arms of the Romans They erected the Parthian and Bactrian Kingdoms a Nation proud of war and labor The strength of their bodies is great they lay up nothing which they are afraid to lose and where they are Conquerors they desire nothing but glory Vexores King of Aegypt was the first that made war upon the Scythians having first by Ambassadors sent a Summons to them to obey him But the Scythians being before advertised by their Neighbours of the coming of the King made answer We wonder that the Commander of so rich a People should so foolishly make war against poor men having more reason to look to his affairs at home for here the event of the war is uncertain the rewards of the Conquest are none and the losses are apparent therefore they would not attend till he should come to them when in so great and rich an enemy there was more by them to be expected and therefore of their own accord they were resolved to meet him Their deeds did jump and overtake their words and the King understanding that they marched towards him with so much speed he turned his back upon them and his Army with all the Bag and Baggage being left behind he timorously escaped into his Kingdom The Marshes did hinder the Scythians from the pursuit Being returned from thence they subdued Asia and made it tributary a small tribute being imposed rather to shew their titular Command then for any reward of their victory Having stayed fifteen yeers in establishing the affairs of Asia they were called back by the importunity of their wives it being assured them by their Ambassadors that unless they did return with more speed they would seek for issue from their Neighbours nor ever suffer through their default that the Nations of the Scythians should have no name in posterity Asia was tributary to the Scythians for the space of one thousand and five hundred yeers Ninus King of the Assyrians did put a period to the tribute But in this interval of time two young men of royall blood amongst the Scythians Plinos and Scolopythus being driven from their own Countrey by the faction of the Nobility did draw with them a gallant and numerous train of young men and sitting down in the coast of Cappadocia neer unto the River of Thermodoon they did inhabite the Themiscyrian Plains which they had conquered to obedience Being unaccustomed there for the space of many yeers to plunder their Neighbours they were at last slain through treachery by the conspiracy of the people Their wives when they observed their punishment to be without children to be added to their banishment did put on arms and first by removing and afterwards by commencing wars they did defend their own Territories They also did forbear the desire of marriage with their Neighbours calling iâ— slavery not Matrimony a singular example to Posterity They did increase their Common-wealth without men at the same time when they did desend themselves with the contempt of them And lest some
Persian War from Delos unto Athens least it should be a prey to the Lacedemonians But the Lacedemonians were not contented with it for being engaged themselveâ— in the Messenian War they sent to the Pelopenâ—iensians to invade the Athenians whose Forces at that present were but small their Fleet being commanded into Aegypt therefore fighting at Sea they were easily overcome but by the return of their Associates being increased both in ships and men they renewed the War and now the Lacedemonians giving some respite to the Messenians did turn themselves and their arms against the Athenians the Victory was a long time doubtful at last they left off with equal loss and the Lacedemonians being called back to the war again of the Messenians least in the mean time they should leave the Athenians idle they bargain'd with the Thebans to restore unto them the Government of Boeotia which they lost in the times of their troubles with the Persians if they would undertake the War against the Athenians so great was the fury of the Spartans that being envolved in two Wars they refused not to undertake the third if they could get any to assist them who was an enemy to their Enemies Therefore the Athenians against so great tempest of the War did chuse two Captains Pericles a man of approved vertue and Sophocles the writer of Tragedies who having divided their Army did waste the Fields of the Lacedemonians and added many Cities of Achaia to their Government with which misfortunes the Lacedemonians being discoâ—raged did make peace with the Athenians for thirty yeers but their enmities could not endure so tedious a truce therefore in the space of less then fiâ—teen yeers they invaded the borders of Athens and plundred the Countrey in the despite of God and man and that they might not seem to desire a prey rather then an encounter they challenged the Athenians to battel but by the counsel of Periclâ—s the Athenians deferr'd the injury of the loss sustain'd to an apt time of revenge thinking it not good discretion to joyn in battel with the Enemies when without danger they could be revenged of them Certain daies being passed they went aboard their Ships and the Lacedemonians not thinking of it they plunder'd all Sparta and brought away far more then before they lost and in reference to this booty taken the revenge was above the anger This Expedition of Pericles was famous but much more famous was his contempt of his private Patrimony for the Enemies when they made havock of the rest did leave his Fields untouched hoping by that means to pluck upon him either danger by the envie or the infamy of treachery by suspition which Pericles foreseeing did both declare it unto the people and to decline the assault of envie did give away those Fields to the Commonwealth and so where his danger was most sought after he found his greatest safety Not long after there was another battel at Sea in which the Lacedemonians being overcome were put to flight neither did they cease afterward but by various fortune of the War either by Sea or by land they destroyed one another At the last being wearyed by so many calamities they made a peace for fifty yeers which they observed but six for the Articles which they signed in their own names they did break in the persons of their Associates as if they were guilty of less perjurie by bringing ayd to their Confederates then if they had proclaimed open War themselves The War was hence translated into Sicily which before I shall declare some few things are to be first spoken concerning the situation of the Iland THE FOVRTH BOOK OF IVSTINE IT is reported that Sicily by some narrow necks of Land was heretofore joyned to Italy and that it was torn from it as from the greater body by the impetuousness of the upper Sea which is carryed that way with all the weight of its Waves The Earth itself is light brittle and so full of holes flaws that it lies almost all open to the gusts of the winds and there is a natural vertue and faculty in it both for the begetting and the nourishing of fire for it is reported that within it is full of the veins of Pitch and Rozen which is the cause that the wind in the bowels of the Earth wrastling with the fire it often and in several places doth belch forth sometimes fire sometimes vapours and sometimes smoak and from hence through so many Ages the fire of Aetna doth continue and where the winds do work more strong through the spiraments of the Caves heaps of Sands are cast forth The Promontory next to Italy is called Rhegium which according to the Greek doth signifie abrupt Neither is it a wonder that the Antiquity of this place should bee so fabulous in which so many wonderful things do meet together First there is nowhere a more violent Sea and not only with a rapid but a cruel force and terrible not only to the Saylors but Spectators afar off so great also is the combate of the Waves tilting one against another that you may behold some of them as it were turning their backs to dive into the bottom of the Gulph and others in foaming triumph to ride aloft as Conquerours over them you may hear the roar of their rage in the height and the groans again of their fall into the Deeps The perpetual fires of the Hill of Aetna and of the Aeolian Ilands do come so neer that you would think the very fire is nourished by the water for otherwise in so narrow a compass so great a fire could never continue so many Ages if it were not fed by the nutriture of the moysture From hence the Fables did produce Scylla and Charibdis from hence those barkings were heard from hence were those strange shapes of the Monster believed when the Saylers by affrighted with the great noyse and swallows of the whirl-Pools did conceive those Waves did bark which the voraginousness of the devouring Sea did commit and clash together The same cause makes the fire of the Monntain Aetna to be perpetual for this concurse and wrastling of the water doth take down with it into the bottom of the deeps the enforced spirit and there suffocates and keeps it down so long until diffused through the pores of the Earth it kindles the nutriment of the fire The neerness of Italy and of Sicily and the height of their Promontories is so equal that it gives no less admiration to us then it did terror to Antiquity who did believe the Promontories meeting both and uniting themselves into one and by and by again dividing that Ships oftentimes were by them intercepted and comsumed Neither was this invented by the Antients for the delightfulness of the Story but by the fear and wonder of the Saylers for such is the condition of the place to those who at distance do observe it that you would believe it rather to be a Harbour
resolved to encounter with the Enemy by Sea hoping by a new Victory to abolish the Infamy of the overthrow lately received in Greece The Navy being committed to the charge of Hannibal the Battel was fought But neither were the Asian Souldiers comparable to the Romans nor their Ships to theirs which were armed with brass on their sterns howsoever the overthrow was the less by the policy of the General The report of the Victory had not as yet arrived at Rome and the City was therefore in suspence concerning the creating of Consuls But who could be a better Commander against Hannibal then the brother of Africanus it being the business of the Scipio's to overcome the Carthaginians Lucius Scipio therefore was created Consul and his brother Africanus was given as Legate to him that Antiochus might understand that he placed not a greater confidence in conquered Hannibal then they did in the conquering Scipio's The Scipio's being busie in the transporting of their Army into Asia it was reported to them that the War was everywhere already brought to a period and accordingly they found Antiochus overcome in a fight by Land and Hannibal in a fight by Sea Therefore at their first arrival Antiochus sent Ambassadors to them to desire peace and as a peculiar gift to Africanus they brought him his Son whom Antiochus had taken as he was transporting himself in a small Bark into Asia But Africanus returned answer that private benefit ought to be distinguished from publick and that the offices due unto him as a Father were of one Nature and the Offices due unto his Countrey were of another which ought to be preferred not only above children but also above life it self Howsoever he declared that he very thankfully accepted the gift and out of his own Fortunes would answer the munificence of the King As for that which belonged either to Peace or War he made answer that he could contribute nothing by way of thankfulness neither could he fall in any punctilio from the rights of his Countrey for his son being taken he never treated with the King concerning his ransom nor suffered the Senate to make mention of it but as it was worthy of the Majesty of his resolution he professed that he would recover him by arms After this the Articles of the Agreement were drawn up That Asia should be surrendred to the Romans and Antiochus be contented only with the Kingdom of Syria that he should deliver to the Romans all his Ships Prisoners and Renegadoes and give full satisfaction to the Romans for their Charges in the VVar. VVhich when it was reported to Antiochus he made answer that he was not so overcome as to be content to be dispoyled of his Kingdom and alledged that what the Romans had propounded to him were rather provocations to war then any inducements unto peace Great preparations therefore were made for war on both sides the Romans having invaded Asia and entred into Ilium there was a mutual gratulation between the Inhabitants of Ilium and them the inhabitants of Ilium declared that Aeneas and other of their Captains proceeded from them and the Romans acknowledged that they received their Original of them Such â—o general was the joy as after a long absence is accustomed to be seen betwixt Fathers and Children It delighted the Inhabitants of Ilium that their Nephews having overcome Africa and the VVest did challenge Asia as their Hereditary Kingdom and they said the ruine of Troy was not to be lamented which was revived again in a happy race of such Noble successors On the other side the Romans with an unsatisfied desire did behold the Houshold Gods and the Cradles of their Ancestors and the Temples and Images of the Gods The Romans being departed from Ilium King Eumenes did march with Auxiliaries to them And not long after the Battel was fought with Antiochus when in the right wing a Roman Legion being beaten did fly back to the Camp with more disgrace then danger one of the Tribunes of the Souldiers Marcus Aemilius by name being left for the defence of the Camp commanded his Soldiers immediately to buckle on their Arms which being done he did lead them out of the works and with drawn swords did threaten those that fled back and declared that there should not a man of them be left alive unless they returned to the Battel and that their own Tents should be more fatall to them then their Enemies swords The Legion being amazed at so great a danger the Soldiers Armed by the Tribune accompanying them they returned into the Battel and having made a great slaughter of their Enemies it was the beginning of the Victory There were fifty thousand of the Enemies slain and eleven thousand taken Antiochus again desiring peace there was nothing added to the former conditions Africanus declared that the Romans did neither abate their courage being overcome neither grew they insolent with the success of Victory They divided the Cities they had taken amongst their Associates judging glory more proper for the Romans then possessions For the glory of the Victory was to be owned by the Roman Name and the luxury of wealth was left to their Associates THE Two and thirtieth BOOK OF IVSTINE ANtiochus being overcome the Aetolians who inforced him to make wars against the Romans remained alone being unequal to them in strength and destitute of all help And not long after being overcome they lost their liberty which they alone amongst so many Cities of Greece had preserved unviolate against the Dominations of the Lacedemonians and Athenians which condition was so much the more afflicting as it arrived the more late unto them They computing with themselves those times in which with their own strength they resisted such numerous Forces of the Persians and those when in the Delphian war they brake the violence of the Gaules terrible both to Asia and Italy which glorious commemoration did the more increase the desire of their liberty As these things were in action in the mean time there arose first a contention and afterwards a war betwixt the Messenians and Achaians concerning the honor of preheminence in which Philopemenes the Noble General of the Achaians was taken not that in the fight he spared his life but that as he called back his Soldiers to the Battel being thrown from his horse as he leaped a ditch he was invironned and oppressed by the multitude of his Enemies As he lay on the ground the Messenians durst not kill him either through the fear of his courage or the consciousness of his dignity Therefore as they had dispatched all the war in him alone they did lead him Captive round about Greece in the way of Triumph the People thronging in multitudes to behold him as if he was their own and not the General of their Enemies approached Neither did ever the Achaians with a more greedy eye behold him being a Conqueror then the Messenians did now being conquered Therefore they
advantage of the Saylors His entrance into Greece as it was terrible so was his departing foul and shamefull for when Leonides King of the Lacedemonians had secured the Straights of Thermopylae with four thousand men Xerxes in contempt of their powers commanded those of his souldiers to encounter them whose kinsmen were slain in the Marathonian Plains who whiles they began to revenge their friends were the beginning of the overthrow and these being followed by an unprofitable multitude a greater slaughter was occasioned Three dayes together there they fought to the grief and indignation of the Persians on the fourth when it was reported to Leonides that the tops of the Straights were possessed by twenty thousand of the enemie he exhorted his associates to drawback and to reserve themselves for some better service for their Countrey He would try his own fortune he said with the Lacedemonians being more indebted to his Country then to his life the residue were to be preserved for the general defence of Greece The command of the King being heard the rest were dismissed and the Lacedemonians only remained In the beginning of the war counsell being asked of the Oracle of Delphos it was answered that either the King of the Lacedemonians or the City must fall therefore when King Leonides did set forth to the War he so confirmed the resolution of his own souldiers that they all knew he advanced with a mind resolved to dye He therefore did possess himself of the Straights that he might overcome with a few with greater glory or fall with less dammage to the Common-wealth His Companions therefore being dismissed he exhorted the Spartans to remember that howsoever did they fight they must fall and that they should take heed lest they might seem to have more couragiously stood still then to have fought therefore he said they were not to attend to be invironed by their enemies but as soon as night should administer the opportunity to fall unexpectedly upon them secure and hugging an abusing joy The Conquerors he said could never dye more honourably then in the Tents of their enemies It was no hard task to perswade those who were resolved to dye they presently buckled on their Arms and six hundred men did beat up the Quarters of five hundred thousand immediately they advanced to the Pavilion of the King to dye with him or if they vvere over-povvered to dye especially in his tent and sight The Alarum vvas heard over all the Camp The Lacedemonians after they could not find cut the King did fly up and dovvn as Conquerors over all the Camp and killed or overthrew whatsoever did oppose them as knowing that they did not fight in hope of victory but to revenge their own deaths The fight was continued from the beginning of night unto the greatest part of the next day at the last not overcome but being weary with overcoming they fell upon the great heaps of the carkaâ—es of their enemies Xerxes having received two overthrows by land was determined to try his fortune on the Sea But Themistocles the General of the Athenians when he understood that the Ionians against whom the King of the Persians had undertaken this war had set forth to Sea with a Navy to his assistance he resolved to sollicite them to take part with him and because he could not have the opportunity to confer with them he provided that Symbols should be provided and left written on the stones by which they were to sail in these words What madness hath possessed you O Ionians What crime is this which you undertâ—ke Did you before make war upon us your Founders and do you now intend it again upon us your Defenders Did we therefore build your Walls that they should be those who must overthrow our own What was not this the cause that at first made Darius and now Xerxes to make war against us because we would not forsake you rebelling Come away from that Siege into our Tents or if you think this Counsel not safe the battels being joyned withdraw your selves by degrees keep back your Oars and depart from the War Before the Battel at Sea vvas fought Xerxes had sent four thousand men to plunder the Temple of Apollo at Delphos as if he vvould vvage vvar not vvith men onely but also vvith the Immortal Gods vvho vvere all destroyed vvith tempests and thunders that he might understand that the greater the anger of the Gods is by so much there is no povver of men that is able to stand against them After this he set on fire Thespiae and Placeae and Athens destitute of inhabitants and because vvith his svvord he could not destroy the men he did devour their houses with fire for the Athenians after the battel of Marathon Themistocles forevvarning them that the victory over the Persians vvould not be the end but the cause of a greater vvar did build tvvo hundred ships and having asked Counsel of the Oracle on the approach of Xerxes the answer was that they should defend themselves with walls of wood Themistocles conceiving that by the Oracle a defence of shipping was â—mplicitely understood did perswade them all that their Country was their confines and not their walls and that the City did consist not in the houses but the Citizens therefore they should better commit their safety to their ships then to their City and that God was the Author of this counsel This counsel being approved of and the City being abandoned they lodged their wives and children with their most precious moveables in the close Islands they themselves being armed did repair unto their ships There were other Cities also that followed the example of the Athenians When all their Fleet was united and resolved for a Sea-fight and had possessed themselves of the Straights of Salamis that they might not be circumvented by the multitude of Xerxes Fleet there did arise a dissention amongst the Princes who when they would forsake the war to defend their own possessions Themistocles fearing that by the departure of his confederateâ— his strength should be diminished did acquaint Xerxes by a faithful servant that he might now with ease take all Greece being drawn up into one place But if the strength of the Cities which weâ—e now marching homeward should be scattered he must pursue after then one by one with greater labor By this artifice he prevailed upon the King to give a sign and sound to the battel The Greeks also being busied at the advance of their enemies did prepare for the fight with their â—nited powers The King in the mean time one part of his ships not far from him did stand upon the shore as spectator of the fight but Artemisia Queen of Halicarnassus who came to the aid of Xerxes in her own person did fight most gallantly amongst the foremost of the Commanders for as you might here behold a womanish fear in a man so in a woman you might see a manly courage When the fight
for that they sought to increase their own power not by the strength but by the weakening of their Associates Being dismissed to Athens he was received by the Citizens as if Sparta had been triumphed over After this the Spartans that their Army might not be corrupted with sloth and to revenge the War which the Persians had made on their City and on Greece did of their own accord make incursions into and plundred the Confines of Persia They chose Pausanias to be General both for their own Army and the Army of their Associates who for his Conduct affected the whole Kingdom of Greece and contracted with Xerxes for the marriage of his daughter a reward of his treachery to which purpose he restored the prisoners that by some benefit he might oblige to him the belief of the King He also wrote to Xerxes that whatsoever Messengers he sent unto him he should put them to death lest the negotiation betwixt them should be betrayed by their tongues but Aristides the Captain of the Athenians being chosen his Companion in the War by crossing the designs of his Colleague and wisely providing for the imminent danger did find out the Treason and not long after Pausanias being accused was condemned Xerxes when he found the plot discovered made War again upon the Grecians who elected for their Captain Cimon the Athenian the Son of Miltiades a young Gentleman the example of whose piety did declare his greatness to come for to give him Funerall Rites he redeemed the body of his Father out of prison where he dyed being accused to have purloined from the publike Treasury and took the Bonds upon himself neither did he deceive in war the expectation of his Friends for being not inferiour to the valour of his Father he enforced Xerxes to fly back with fear into his Kingdom being overcome both by Sea and Land THE THIRD BOOK OF IVSTINE XErxes the King of the Persians the terror before of the Nations the wars being unfortunately mannaged abroad began at last to be despised at home for the Majesty of the King daily diminishing his Lieutenant Artabanus having flattered himself with the hope of the Kingdom did come in an evening with seven sons he had into the Court which by the interest of friendship lay always open to him where having slain the King he by policy did attempt to take away his sons who opposed his desire and not mistrusting Artaxerxes being very young he reported that the King was slain by his own Son Darius that he might the sooner enjoy the Kingdom He perswaded Artaxerxes by Parricide to revenge Parricide and coming to the house of Darius being asleep they killed him as if being guilty he had counâ—erâ—eâ—ted sleep on purpose After this when Artabanus saw that one of the Royall Issue was yet remaining and did out-live his villany and withall feared the contention of the Nobility concerning the possession of the Kingdom he assumed Baccabassus to be a partner of his coâ—nsells who being contented with his present condition did reveal to Artaxerxes how his Father was slain and his Brother murdered upon a false suspicion of Parricide and that Treason was plotted against himself This being understood Artaxerxes fearring the number of the sons of Artabanus did command that his Army should be mustered on the next day that he might take into his observation the number of his souldiers and their particular industry and experience in their exercise of Arms Therefore when amongst the rest Artabanus was present and in Arms the King dissembled that his Coat of Mayl was not fit for him and desired Artabanus to make an exchange who being busie to disarm himself and unprepared for defence the King did run him through with his sword After this he commanded the sons of Artabanus to be apprehended and at once this excellent young man did revenge the slaughter of his Father the death of his Brother and delivered himself from treachery Whiles these things were thus carried in Persia all Greece being divided into two parts by the Lacedemonians and Athenians they from Forraign Wars did convert their Swords into their own bowels Therefore of one people there were constituted two bodies and men heretofore of one and the same Camp were now divided into two hostile Armies The Lacedemonians did draw to their party the common Auxiliaries heretofore of both Cities but the Athenians being as renowned for their Antiquity as their Acts did trust in their own strength and so these two most powerful people of Greece equal by the Institutions of Solon and the Laws of Lycurgus did throw themselves into a War through the emulation of greatness Lycurgus when he succeeded his brother Polybites King of Sparta and could challenge the Kingdom for himself did with great fidelity restore it to his son Charilaus born after his Fathers death when he came unto age to give an example to Posterity how much the Rights of Piety amongst all good men should prevail above the temptation of riches therefore in the Parenthesis of time whiles the Infant grew up he being his protector made Laws for the Spartans Laws not more famous for their justice then for the example of the Law-giver for he ordained nothing in any Law for others of which he first of all had not made a rule of it in himself He confirmed the people in their obedience to their Governors and the Governors to Justice in the execution of their places of Command He perswaded parsimony to all believing that the labors of the war would be more easie by the daily exercise of frugality he commanded all things to be bought not with money but with exchange of wares he took away the use of Gold and Silver as the occasion of all wickedness he divided the administration of the Common-wealth by orders he gave to their Kings the power of the Wars to the Magistrates the Seats of Judgement and annuall Successions to the Senate the Custody of the Laws to the People the substituting of the Senate and the power of creating such Magistrates whom they pleased he made an equal division of Land to all that their Patrimonies being alike no man might be made more powerful then his Neighbour he commanded all men to keep their feasts in publike that no mans riches or his luxury should be concealed It was permitted to young men to wear but one suit of Apparel during the space of one whole year and that no man should be clothed better then another nor feast more voluptuously lest the imitation should be turned into luxury He instituted that the boys at fourteen years of age should not be brought up in the City but in the field that they might lay forth their first yeers not in riot but in labour They were permitted neither bed nor pillows to lie upon nor to eat any warm things nor to return into the City untill they were at mans estate He ordained that the Virgins should be married without portions He
did make spoile in Asia and fought many battels in many places and being every-where a Conqueror he reduced the Cities which revolted he subdued some others and added them to the Commonwealth of Athens And thus having vindicated the antient glory of the Athenians by Sea and made himself moâ—e famous by some Conquests by Land being much desired by the Citizens he returned to Athens In these encounters he took two hundred ships from the Enemy and a great booty The Army rerurning in triumph the people in throngs came forth to meet them and with wonder they gaze upon all the Souldiers in general but on Alcibiades in particular The whole City did fasten on him their eyes they extolled him as sent from Heaven and beheld him as Victory her self They repeated what he atchieved for his Country and what being a banished man he had acted against it excusing him that he was incensed and provoked to it So much of high concernment there was in this one man that he was both the Author of their large Dominions subverted and again restored They did prosecute his merits not onely with all humane but with divine honors and contended with themselves whither they more contumeliously expelled him or more honourably received him they brought those gods to gratulate him to whose execrations they had before devoted him and they would now place him in Heaven to whom they had denyed the society of men They made satisfaction for disgrace with honors for losses wâ—th rewards and for execrations with prayers They discoursed noâ— of the adverse fight in Sicily but of the Victory of Greece not of the Fleets he lost but of those he won not of Syracuse but of Ionia and Hellespont This was the fortune of Alcibiades who never knew a mean either in the favours or the displeasure of his Citizens Whiles this was done at Athens the Lacedemonians made Lysander General both by Sea and Land and Darius King of the Persians had made his Son Cyrus Governor of Lydia and Ionia in the place of Tissafernes who with men and money did raise up the Lacedemonians to the hope of their former fortune Being increased in their strength with the suddenness of their approach they suppressed Alcibiades sent into Asia with one hundred ships and spoiling the Countrey made rich with long peace his Souldiers in the desire of the booty being dispersed and not suspecting the coming of an Enemy so great therefore was the slaughter which the Lacedemonians made that in this fight the Athenians received a greater wound then they did give in the former and so great was their desperation that immediately they changed their General Alcibiades for Conon believing they were overcome not by the fortune of the war but by the deceit of Alcibiades on whom the former injuries more prevailed then the latter benefits they alleaged that in the former war he over-came onely to shew the Enemies what a General they had despised and yet he might fell the Victory more deer unto them for the vigor of his wit his love to vices and the luxury of his manners made all things credible in Alcibiades Fearing therefore the violence of the people he betook himself to a willing banishment Conow succeeding Alcibiades in the Government of the Army having before his eyes how great a Captain he was that was before him did make the Navie readic with the greatest industry but men were wanting to the ships the most valiant being slain in taking the spoils of Asia Boyes therefore and old men were armed and great was the number of the Souldiers but weak was the strength of the Army The Lacedemonians made no long work of them for being unable to resist they were everywhere either killed or taken prisoners and so great was the overthrow that not onely the Common-wealth but even the name of the Athenians did seem to be extinguished so lost and desperate was their condition and so great an exigence were they brought unto that for want of Souldiers they gave the priviledges of the freedom of the City to strangers liberty to slaves and impunity to the condemned and with this câ—nscribed Army composed of the out-casts of men the late Lords of Greece did defend their Liberties They had once more a minde to try their fortune at Sea and they were possessed with such a sudden height of courage that when they before despaired of their lives they were now even confident of Victory But these were not the Souldiers who should uphold the name of the Athenians nor these the Forces with which they were accustomed to overcome neither could any military abilities be expected from these men who were inured to bonds and not unto Tents They were all therefore either killed or taken Conon their General only remained alive who fearing the cruelty of the Citizens with eight ships did repair unto Evagoras the King of Cyprus But the General of the Lacedemonians the war happily being mannaged did insult over the fortune of his Enemies He sent the ships he took the booty being layd forth upon the Decks in the way of triumph to Lacedemon and received the Cities into his protection which payed tribute to Athens the fear of the doubtful fortune of the war detaining them till then in their fidelity the Athenians had now nothing left them but the Citie it self when this was reported at Athens they all abandoning their honours did traverse the streets of the City in great fear they demanded the news of one another and examined the authority of the Messengers imprudency kept not at home the young nor delibity the old nor the weakness of their Sexe the women So much the sence of the calamity had possessed every Age. Late in the night they assembled in the Market-place and began to lament the publick misfortune some bewailed their brothers some their sons some their parents some their kindred some their friends deerer then their kindred and with private mischances mingled the publick losses sometimes thinking of the ruine of themselves sometimes of the ruine of their Countrey sometimes conceiving the fortune of the living to be more miserable then the fortune of the dead they did every one propound unto themselves siege and famine and the proud conquering Enemy The destruction and firing of the City the general captivity and most miserable slavery did still present it self before their eyes believing that the ruines of the former City were far more happy when their sons and fathers being alive they were onely punish'd with the destruction of their walls and honours They had now no Fleet to which as before they might repair nor had they any Army by whose valour being preserved they might build greater walls In this manner lamenting the condition of their City their Enemies came upon them and at once did inviron them with an Army and besieged them with hunger They knew that not many of their forces remained and they provided that no man should be brought in
Hercules But remembrâ—ing that Darius was yet alive he commanded Parmenio to seize upon the Persian Fleet and sent some others of his friends to take possession of some Cities in Asia which the fame of his Victory being understood came presently into the hands of the Conquerors the Lieutenants of Darius delivering themselves with vast sums of gold unto them After this he advanced into Syria where many Kings of the East with Fillets and Miters did meet him of whom some he received into the society of his friendship according to their merits and from others he took their Kingdom new Kings being chosen in their places Amongst others A'bdolominus chosen King of Sidonia by Alexander was remarkable who living but miserably before all his imployment being either to scoure ditches or to water gardens was ordained King by him the Nobility of that Kingdom being rejected least they should impute their royalty to their birth and not to the benefit of the giver When the City of Tyre had sent to Alexander by their Ambassadors a Crown of gold of great weight in the pretence of gratulation the gift being gratefully accepted Alexander did declare unto them that he would repair himself unto Tyre to pay his vows to Hercules the Ambassadors replying that he should perform that better in the old Town of Tyre and in the more ancient Church desiring withal that he would forbear to enter into their new City Alexander was so incensed at it that he threatned utterly to destroy their City and immediately drawing his Army to the Iland he was not less resolutely received by the Tyrians through the confidence they had of being assisted by the Carthaginians The example also of Dido did confirm them in their resolution who Carthage being builded were masters of the third part of the World thinking it dishonourable if their women had more resolution to subdue forreign Kingdoms then they had to defend their own liberty Those therefore who were unfit for the service of the war being removed to Carthage and the ayd of that City desired to be hastned they were not long after taken by treachery After this he took Rhodes Aegypt and Cilicia upon composition and was resolved to go to Jupiter-Hammon to ask counsel of him concerning the event of things to come and concerning his own Original for his mother Olympias had confessed to his Father Philip that Alexander was not begotten by him but by a serpent of a vast extent and bulk And Philip not long before his death did openly confess that Alexander was not his Son and caused Olympias to be divorced from him as being guilty of incontinence Alexander therefore desiring to know the divinity of his Original and to deliver his Mother from Infamy did send some before him to suborn the Priests what answers they should give unto him Entring into the Temple the Priests immediately did salure him as the Son of Ammon He being joyful of this his adoption by the God did command that he should be esteemed as his Father After this he demanded whether he had taken full revenge on all the Murtherers of his Father It was answered That his Father could neither be killed nor die but the revenge for King Philip was fully performed After this having propounded a third demand unto them It was answered That both Victory in all wars and the possession of all Lands was granted to him His Companions also were enjoyned by the Priests to worship him as a God and not as a King From hence he was possessed with a strange insolence and a wonderful pride of minde being altogether estranged from that familiarity which he had learned by the letters of the Grecians and the Institutions of the Macedons being returned from Hammon he builded Alexandria and commanded that a Colâ—ny of the Macedons should be the chief Seat of Aegypt Darius flying to Babylon desired Alexander by letters that he might have the liberty to redeem the Captive Ladies and promised him a vaste sum of money But Alexander returned answer That to redeem those Captives he must not onely have his money but all his Empire Not long after Darius did write again to Alexander and in his letter he offered him the marriage of his Daughter and a great part of the Empire but Alexander did write back unto him that he gave him but that which was his own before and commanded him to come as a Suppliant to him and to permit the Conqueror to dispose of the Kingdom at his own pleasure Wherefore having abandoned all hope of peace Darius did prepare again for the war and advanced against Alexander with four hundred thousand foot and one hundred thousand horse In his march he was enformed that his Wife was dead in her extremity of pain by an abortive birth and that Alexander did lament her death and assisted at her burial which civilities he used towards her not out of the heat of vain love but the obligations of humanity for he was assured that Alexander did never see her but once when he oftentimes repaired to comfort his Mother and his Daughters Darius then confessing that he was truly conquered when after so many battels his Enemy in courtesies did overcome him and that it should not be altogether unpleasing to him if he could not be victorious especially when he was conquered by such an Enemy did write the third time unto Alexander and gave him thanks for his civil respects unto his Family and offered him his other Daughter to Wife and the greater part of his Kingdom even to the River of Euphrates and thirty thousand talents for the other Captives Alexander returned answer That the giving thanks of an Enemy was superflucus neither had he done any thing in flattoâ—y of him or in the distrust of the event of the war or to complement for conditions of peace but out of the greatness of his minde by which he had learned to contend against the Forces but not the calamities of his Enemies He promised that he would allow the same Grants to Darius if he would be his Second and not his Equal But as the World could not be governed by two Suns no more could it endure the Government of two such great Empires in a safe condition Therefore he should come he said and make a surrender of himself on that present day or prepare for the battel on the next nor promise to himself any other fortune then of what before he had the experience On the next day their Armies stood both in battel-array Immediately before the fight began a deep sleep invaded Alexander possessed with too much care who being onely wanting in the battel he was with much ado awakned by Parmenio All men demanding the cause of so sound asleep in such apparent danger when in his greatest leisures he was alwayes moderate of it He made answer that being delivered from a great sear the suddenness of his security was the occasion of it for he might now fight
for him But all the Provinces and the Citie of Rome so much rejoyced at his death that the people having on their heads the Caps of manumission did triumph as if they had been delivered from a cruel master Sergius Galba GAlba derived of the noble Family of the Sulpitii Reigned seven moneths and as many daies He being infamous in his youth was intemperate in his diet and ordered all things according to the counsel of his three friends Junius Cornelius and Caelius insomuch that as well amongst the common people as the Courtiers they were called his School-masters Before he did take upon him the Government of the Empire he ruled many Provinces excellently well and was so severe unto Souldiers that as soon as he came into the Camp it was in all the mouths of the Souldiers Souldiers stand to your Arms Galba is here and not Getulicus Being seventie three years of age whiles in his coislet he endeavored to appease the Legions stirred up by the sedition of Otho he was slain at the Lake of Curtius Otho Salvius SAlvius Otho derived of noble parentage in the Citie of Terentinum Reigned four moneths he was dishonest in all his life but especially in his youth Being overcome by Vitellius first at Placontia and afterwards at Bebriacum he did run himself through with his own sword in the seven and thirtieth year of his age He was so beloved by his own Souldiers that many of them having seen his dead bodie did with their own hands become their own Executioners Aulus Vitellius VItellius was born of a noble Family and Reigned but eight moneths his father was Lucius Vitellius who was the third time Consul he was cruel of minde extreamly covetous and extreamly prodigal In his time Vespasian did possess himself of the Government in the East by whose Souldiers Vitellius being overcome in a battaâ—l under the Walls of the Citie of Rome and plucked out of his Palace where he had hid himself he was dragged about the Citie with his hands bound behinde him as a spectacle for all to look upon And lest the impudent man in the consciousness of the evils he had committed should for shame hold down his head a sword was put under his chin and being half naked many casting dirt and others more filthie excrements in his face he was drawn to the Gemonian Ladders where he caused Sabinus the Brother of Vespasian to be slain and falling by many wounds which he received from several swords he there died himself He lived seven and fiftie years All those of whom I have here spoken especially those of the Cesarian race were of such learning and eloquence insomuch that abounding with all manner of vices Augustus onely excepted they had nothing else to commend them Vespasian VEspasian Reigned ten years Amongst other vertues of this man this was the most remarkable that he would forget all enmities insomuch that he married to a most honorable man the daughter of Vitellius having a very great dowrie He patiently endured the insurrections of his friends answering their reproaches as he was the most wittie man in the world with sharp and innocent conceits of mirth He so prevailed upon Licinius Mutianus presuming too much upon his own merit because by his assistance he obtained the Empire that a third friend being called in and familliar to them both he did pacifie him with these few words You know me to be a man But what shall we speak of friends since he despised also the tauntings of the Lawyers and the reproaches of the Philosophers In a short time he refreshed the world wearied and exhausted with war for he had rather overcome by perswasions then by torment or to put to death the ministers of tyranny unless it were those who had been found to be too bloody instruments thinking most wisely that wicked deeds are in many restrained onely by fear Moreover he abolished many vices in admonishing the offenders by most just Laws and which is more effectual by the Example of his own life Nevertheless there are some who do accuse him of covetousness when it is manifest enough that through the want of money and the re-edification of so many ruined Cities he was enforced to impose those Taxes which were not known before his time nor after it He re-edified Rome wasted with former fires and gave free leave to any to build the houses again if the old masters of them were not to be found he repaired the Capitol the House of Peace and the Monuments of Claudius and builded many new Cities in all Lands which were under the Romane jurisdiction the Cities were renewed with excellent Art and Elegance and the Avenues unto them fortified with great industry The Flaminian Mountains were made hollow and cut down on both sides and a way made to pass through them which way is how commonly called The Rock Pertuse he new formed and established a thousand Nations who hardly before were reckoned to be two hundred the greatest part of them being extinguished by the cruelty of Tyrants Vologese King of the Parthians was through fear constrained to seek peace of him By his vertue Syria which is also called Palestine Curaminia Tracheta and Comagine which at this day we call Augustophratensis were reduced to the Roman Provinces Judaea also was added to them his friends advising him to beware of Mutius Pomposianus who aspired to the Empire he made him Consul with this allusion That the time might come he would be mindful of so great a benefit he governed the Empire with great uniformity he watched much in the night and the great affairs of the Commonwealth being over he permitted his friends to come unto him putting on his Princely habiliments whiles he was saluted The first thing that he did was to exercise his body afterwards he rested and having washed he fell to his meat with a better stomack The love unto this good Emperor hath caused me to speak so much of him whom the Romane Commonwealth for the space of 56 years after the death of Augustus being almost breathless and spent by the cruelty of Tyrants by Providence enjoyed that it might not altogether fall into decay he lived threescore and ten years wanting but one and dyed with his most serious studies he always mingled jests with which he was much delighted I finde that a blazing Star appearing formidable by his fiery train This saith he pertains to the King of the Parthians who doth wear a long bush of hair At the last being tormented with the repletion of the belly he rising from his bed did say That it becomes an Emperour standing on his feet to depart out of the world Titus TItus called Vespasian after his Fathers name born of Domicilla a Free-woman raigned two years two moneths and twenty dayes He from a childe most diligently applyed himself to the excellent studies of Vertue and Military Discipline and above all to learning which he afterwards shewed by the gifts both of his
Orators and Captains p. 158 Alexander in many battels having overthrown the Persians doth put upon them the yoak of servitude p. 274 Alexander marryeth Statyra the daughter of Darius p. 196 Alexander would be worshipped as a God and be called the Son of Jupiter Hammon p. 169 Alexander the Great conspired against by Alexander Lyncestes p. 161 Alexander the revenger of his Fathers death p. 153 Alexander determined to die of hunger p. 188 Alexander given to Wine and Choler p. 146 Alexander grievously wounded p. 195 Alexander his dangerous feaver at the River Cydnus p. 171 Alexanders dead body to be convayed to Hammon by his own command p. 202 Alexander King of Epirus was dis-invested by Antigonus of his Kingdom p. 354 Alexander Caesar p. 586 Alexandria on Tanais builded by Alexander the Great p. 140 Alexandria in Aegypt builded by him p. 169 The Original of the Amazones p. 30 The coming of their Queen Thalestris to Alexander the Great p. 33 Amilco succeeded Hamilcar p. 282 Amilco killed himself p. 285 Amphitryo dedicated Athens to Minerva p. 36 The justice of Anaxilaus p. 75 Annabal made Captain before he was at mans estate p. 372. Annibal sixteen years a Conqueror in Italy p. 447 Annibals policy to avoyd the envie and the danger that might attend his great wealth p. 408. Annibals stratagem to overcome by Serpents p. 409 Annibals death by poyson ibid. Annibalianus Caesar p. 590 Antigonus killed by Sandrocottus p. 243 Antigonus threw the Diadem from him p. 367 Antigonus War with Perdiccas p. 217 Antiochus killed by the Parthians p. 461 462 Antiochus overcome and slain in banishment p. 362 Antiochus overcome by the Romans p. 401 Antiochus suspected Hannibal p. 392 Antiochus restored his Son to Africanus p. 397 Antiochia builded by Seleucus p. 242 Antipater killeth his Mother Thessalonice p. 245 All the Family of Antipater extinguished p. 248 Antoninus Caesar the Pious p. 558 Appollo revenging himself against Brennus p. 341 Appius Claudius breaking the Peace with Pyrrhus p. 266 The use of Honey and Runnet found out by Aristaeus p 220 The Arabians weak and impotent 473 Abdolominus made King of Sidon from the lowest degree of Fortune 167 Archidamus Commander of the Lacedemonians wounded p. 108 The Argonauts p. 407 492 The Argyraspides overcome by Antigonus p. 227 Aridaeus the Son of Philip raigneth in Macedonia p. 156 Aristides p. 57 Aristotimus the Tyrant of the Epirots his cruelty p. 351 Aristonicus overcome by the Consul Perpenna p. 433 Aristotle Tutor to Alexander the Great p. 204 The greatness of Armenia and description of it p. 490 Armenius the companion of Jason 491 Ascanius succeeded his Father Aeneas p. 503 Arsaces the common name of the Parthian Kings p 484 Arsacides his mercy to conquered Demetrius p. 458 Arsinoës departure into banishment p. 332 Artabanus killed Xerxes and he himself slain by Artaxerxes p 52 53 Artaxerxes had one hundred and fifteen Sons p. 148 Artemisia that memorable and gallant Queen p. 51 Arymbas made Laws for the Epirots p. 260 Asia the cause of many Wars reduced into the power of the people of Rome p. 433 Assyrians afterwards called Syrians how long they held the Empire p. 6 Astyages of a King made Governor of the Hyrcanians p. 13 Athens one of the eyes of Greece p. 92 Athis the daughter of Cranaus gave a name unto it p. 36 The Athenians hated by all men p. 82 The great wars of the Athenians with the Lacedemonians p. 88 The Athenians the inventors of Oyl Wine and the manufactures of Wooll p. 36 Attalus his Parricides and death p. 431 Attilius his war against Antiochus p. 403 Augustus Caesar his life and death p. 526 c. Aurelian Caesar and his gorgeous habiliments p. 578 B BAbylon builded by Semiramis p. 5 Bactrians lose their liberty and all things p. 485 Barce builded by Alexander p. 196 Butti who so called p. 219 Belgius Commander of the Gauls p. 334 Beronice having revenged the wrong offered to her was killed by deceit p. 358 Bessus delivered by Alexander to the brother of Darius p. 186 The River Bilbilis in which the Spaniards dip their sleel p. 518 Bomilcar fastned to the Cross p. 316 Brennus Captain of the Gauls killed himself at Delphos p. 341 Brundusium builded by the Aetolians p. 180 The Brutians overthrew Alexander of Epirus p. 181 Bucephala builded by Alexander in the memory of his Horse so called p. 192 Byrsa the City of Carthage so called from the Hide of an Ox p. 273 Byzantium besieged by Pyrrhus p. 134 C CAepio the Roman Consul took away the Gold at Tholouzi p. 406 Caligula why so called p. 533 Calimander his faithfulness to Demetrius p. 459 Calisthenes the Philosopher his lamentable end because he would not adore Alexander the great p. 190 Cambyses demolished the Temple of Apis and his Army overwhelmed afterwards at the Temple of Hammon p. 17 Candaules King of the Lydians p. 14 The Cappadocians overcome by Perdiccas burns all their moveables with themselves p. 216 Caracalla Caesar p. 567 Caranus the first King of Macedonia by the Conduct and direction of Goats buildeth the City of Edyssa p. 114 Carthage builded before Rome seventy two years p. 276 The Carthaginians forbid to speak or write in Grerk p. 295 The Carthaginians war with the Sicilians p. 75 Carus Caesar p. 580 Cassander killeth Alexander with his Mother Arsinoe p. 237 Castor and Pollux propitious and present to the Locrensians p. 289 Cecrops King of the Athenians p. 36 Ceres her holy Mysteries p. 81 Caribdis that dangerous gulf p. 74 Chrestos killed by Mithridates p. 450 Chion and Leonides conspire against Clearchus p. 254 Cimon overcometh Xerxes by Sea and Land and his piety to his Father p. 57 58 Civil war betwixt Caesar and Pompey p. 494 Claudius Tiberius p. 531 Claudius Caesar ibid. Clearchus banished amongst the Heraclians and his cruelty towards them p. 255 Cleopatra the daughter of Philip marrieth Alexander King of the Epirots p. 141 Cleopatra marryed her own brother Ptolomy and the execrable murders committed by him p. 455 Cleophis redeemed her Kingdom by yielding to the lust of Alexander p. 191 Clytus killed by Alexander p. 187 Cocceius Nerva p. 550 Codoman made Governor of the Armenians p. 151 Codrus the last King of the Athenians and his noble death p. 37 Commodus Caesar p. 563 Conon banished to Cyprus p. 100 Constans Caesar p. 590 Constantinus Caesar p. 587 Constantius Caesar ibid. Corcyra taken by Ptolomy p. 347 Corinth demolished p. 417 Crassus with all his Army overthrown by Horodes p. 432 Critias and Hippolochus their just deaths p. 95 Craesus King of the Lydians taken p. 13 Cyclops heretofore Inhabiting Sicily p. 75 Cynegyrus his great fortitude p. 42 The Cyprian Virgins provide them dowries by the prostitution of their bodies p. 272 Cyrini builded by Aristaeus p. 219 Cyricaenus killeth Gryphina p. 470 Cyrus maketh war on the Medes p. 11 Cyrus maketh war on the Sythians p. 16 Cyrus