roman_n &_o carthaginian_n have_v ascribe_v it_o to_o themselves_o but_o the_o greek_n confident_o assert_v that_o minos_n king_n of_o crete_n have_v the_o first_o sovereign_a empire_n over_o the_o sea_n and_o thence_o will_v fain_o have_v it_o over_o our_o faith_n also_o as_o if_o saturn_n king_n of_o crete_n see_v his_o son_n neptune_n to_o have_v invent_v the_o art_n of_o navigation_n give_v he_o the_o command_n of_o his_o navy_n at_o sea_n which_o he_o manage_v with_o such_o success_n that_o after-age_n sacrifice_v to_o he_o as_o to_o a_o god_n of_o the_o sea_n so_o that_o minos_n be_v descend_v of_o saturn_n by_o his_o son_n jupiter_n have_v afterward_o obtain_v the_o superintendency_n and_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n leave_v it_o to_o his_o successor_n notwithstanding_o which_o the_o syrian_n egyptian_n cyprian_n rhodian_n but_o special_o the_o phoenician_n have_v in_o all_o former_a age_n have_v the_o honour_n of_o be_v repute_v the_o most_o valiant_a and_o expert_a artist_n at_o 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place_n of_o rendezvous_n and_o discharge_v they_o as_o he_o think_v fit_a this_o be_v that_o thalassiarchus_n or_o admiral_n of_o the_o athenian_n clesiph_n who_o sometime_o have_v more_o admiral_n be_v then_o one_o at_o once_o as_o niceas_n and_o demosthenes_n at_o other_o time_n but_o one_o only_a as_o alcibiades_n pericles_z simon_n and_o other_o likewise_o under_o alexander_n the_o great_a and_o his_o successor_n king_n of_o syria_n and_o egypt_n there_o be_v divers_a admiral_n whereof_o some_o be_v grecian_n other_o of_o other_z country_n such_o be_v nearchus_n onesicratuâ—_n beton_n diognot_n and_o other_o as_o also_o patroclus_n under_z nicanor_z and_o seleucus_n of_o the_o syrian_a monarchy_n but_o most_o memorable_a be_v that_o commission_n which_o be_v by_o ptolomeus_n philadelphus_n give_v to_o decearchus_n as_o if_o he_o have_v be_v to_o take_v a_o exact_a measure_n of_o the_o circumfercnce_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n by_o a_o line_n of_o navigation_n among_o the_o phoenician_n the_o tyrian_n and_o zidonian_o be_v the_o most_o eminent_a in_o all_o maritime_a affair_n as_o be_v former_o hint_v these_z not_o only_o transport_v from_o place_n to_o place_n variety_n of_o merchandize_n till_o then_o unknown_a to_o other_o part_n of_o the_o world_n but_o also_o make_v divers_a new_a discovery_n and_o plant_v colony_n therein_o as_o at_o vtick_n hippone_v and_o lepte_n in_o africa_n at_o thebes_n in_o greece_n and_o egypt_n and_o at_o gades_n and_o carthage_n that_o carthage_n which_o be_v in_o spain_n but_o of_o all_o africa_a the_o other_o carthage_n once_o lord_n of_o the_o levant_n the_o chief_a for_o sea-affair_n who_o admiral_n hanno_n by_o order_n of_o the_o senate_n discover_v the_o utmost_a coast_n of_o africa_n even_o to_o one_o degree_n of_o the_o aequinoctial_a and_o their_o other_o admiral_n hamilco_n discover_v all_o that_o part_n of_o europe_n which_o till_o then_o lie_v as_o sub-incognito_a to_o the_o carthaginian_n in_o the_o eastern_a empire_n he_o that_o be_v high_a admiral_n be_v style_v drungarius_n as_o drungarius_n navigiorum_fw-la constantinopoli_fw-it drungarius_n classis_fw-la drungarius_n mari_fw-fr praefectus_fw-la drungarius_n magnus_n 35._o although_o some_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o this_o be_v a_o general_a word_n with_o they_o or_o a_o word_n which_o signify_v general_n as_o well_o by_o land_n as_o by_o sea_n qui_fw-la drungis_n hoc_fw-la est_fw-la globis_fw-la militum_fw-la imperabant_fw-la vopiscus_n this_o magnus_n drungarius_n classis_fw-la be_v a_o subordinate_a officer_n or_o naval_a magistrate_n under_o their_o great_a duke_n 1059._o and_o be_v also_o style_v ameralius_n which_o with_o they_o be_v likewise_o a_o common_a appellation_n for_o terrene_a prince_n thus_o the_o tyrant_n of_o babylon_n be_v call_v amiralius_n auctuar_n thus_o huntindon_n speak_v of_o twelve_o amiralios_n paganorum_fw-la that_o be_v slay_v at_o the_o siege_n of_o antioch_n thus_o matth._n paris_n in_o will._n 2._o speak_v of_o 29_o reges_a &_o amiralios_n at_o once_o appoint_v for_o the_o war_n by_o corbaranus_n thus_o robert_n the_o monk_n huntindon_n make_v mention_n of_o the_o son_n of_o cassianus_n king_n of_o antioch_n and_o twelve_o admiraldi_n of_o the_o king_n of_o babylon_n slay_v in_o battle_n who_o with_o a_o army_n he_o have_v send_v to_o aid_v the_o say_a king_n of_o antioch_n thus_o the_o agent_n or_o ambassador_n of_o the_o the_o king_n of_o babylon_n style_v the_o say_a king_n himself_o admiraldum_n we_o dominus_fw-la noster_fw-la admiraldus_fw-la babyloniae_fw-la mandat_fw-la vobis_fw-la francorum_fw-la principibus_fw-la salutem_fw-la thus_o nabuchodonosor_n king_n of_o babylon_n be_v style_v admiralius_n aquitan_n thus_o we_o also_o find_v a_o chieftain_n of_o a_o bow-militia_n style_v arcubalistariorum_n admiralius_n monstreletus_n so_o that_o ancient_o this_o word_n ameralius_n or_o admiralius_n do_v signify_v as_o well_o the_o commander_n in_o chief_a of_o the_o army_n by_o land_n as_o of_o the_o navy_n by_o sea_n and_o sometime_o the_o office_n or_o dignity_n of_o king_n and_o prince_n or_o other_o sovereign_n of_o supreme_a authority_n but_o this_o you_o be_v to_o limit_v only_o to_o the_o turk_n and_o asiatic_o again_o in_o the_o eastern_a empire_n there_o be_v no_o less_o than_o four_o admiral_n or_o amiraei_fw-la there_o proper_o so_o call_v at_o once_o for_o that_o mahomet_n or_o rather_o muhammad_n appoint_v four_o praetor_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o saracen_n which_o be_v call_v ameraei_n 46._o and_o that_o muhamed_a a_o little_a before_o his_o death_n constitute_v four_o ameraeos_fw-la qui_fw-la debellarent_fw-la omnes_fw-la ex_fw-la genere_fw-la arabum_n christianos_n citatus_fw-la these_o four_o ameraei_n be_v also_o call_v quatuor_fw-la admirantes_fw-la and_o of_o these_o four_o admiral_n with_o the_o saracen_n the_o one_o have_v the_o sea-command_a of_o egypt_n and_o africa_n two_o other_o thereof_o divide_v the_o spanish_a coast_n 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be_v which_o aid_v either_o party_n with_o ship_n as_o the_o egyptian_n asiatic_n rhodian_n syrian_n achaian_n and_o other_o over_o who_o m._n bibulus_n be_v lord_n high_a admiral_n but_o when_o the_o government_n be_v reduce_v to_o a_o establishment_n the_o admiralty_n be_v settle_v also_o which_o not_o long_o after_o be_v again_o divide_v into_o two_o part_n for_o there_o be_v one_o admiralty_n at_o misene_n and_o the_o adjacent_a poâ—â—s_n for_o the_o south_n another_o at_o ravenne_n towards_o the_o east_n which_o two_o for_o distinction_n sake_n they_o call_v the_o high_a and_o low_a sea_n each_o whereof_o be_v under_o the_o command_n of_o his_o proper_a admiral_n who_o they_o call_v praefectus_fw-la classis_fw-la as_o the_o captain_n of_o their_o ship_n be_v know_v by_o the_o style_n of_o navarchi_n it_o be_v also_o evident_a that_o in_o the_o roman_a empire_n there_o be_v ancient_o a_o company_n or_o society_n of_o owner_n and_o master_n of_o ship_n as_o also_o of_o 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sea_n for_o the_o difference_n may_v be_v material_a in_o the_o case_n of_o palmer_n against_o pope_n it_o be_v report_v jac._n that_o the_o statute_n say_v ad_fw-la primâ—s_fw-la pontes_fw-la and_o in_o the_o case_n of_o leigh_n and_o burley_n jac._n it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o 15_o of_o r._n 2._o be_v misprinted_n viz._n that_o the_o amiral_n shall_v have_v jurisdiction_n to_o the_o bridge_n for_o the_o translator_n mistake_v bridge_n for_o point_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o land_n end_n so_o report_v in_o the_o say_a case_n the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n be_v viz._n in_o the_o main_a stream_n of_o great_a river_n only_o beneath_o the_o etc._n etc._n of_o the_o same_o river_n nigh_o to_o the_o sea_n and_o in_o no_o other_o place_n of_o the_o same_o river_n the_o admiral_n shall_v have_v cognizance_n it_o be_v not_o deny_v by_o the_o statute_n but_o the_o admiral_n have_v jurisdiction_n in_o case_n of_o mayhem_n and_o death_n in_o the_o main_a stream_n of_o great_a river_n 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or_o water_n meet_v seem_v to_o be_v most_o proper_o render_v by_o the_o word_n bec_n in_o the_o french_a which_o seem_v sufficient_o dissonant_n from_o the_o word_n point_n and_o those_o navigator_n that_o by_o experience_n know_v the_o meaning_n of_o double_v the_o point_n probable_o do_v seldom_o sail_v over_o river_n either_o great_a or_o small_a beneath_o such_o point_n but_o this_o only_a by_o way_n of_o observation_n upon_o the_o say_a mistake_n as_o report_v in_o the_o â—aid_a case_n of_o leigh_n against_o burley_n and_o not_o in_o the_o least_o by_o way_n of_o any_o thing_n else_o in_o reference_n to_o what_o be_v not_o of_o any_o private_a interpretation_n but_o reserve_v only_o for_o â—uch_v as_o unto_o who_o be_v special_o commit_v the_o oracle_n of_o the_o law_n the_o assertion_n that_o it_o be_v not_o hold_v material_a whether_o the_o place_n be_v upon_o the_o water_n infra_fw-la fluxum_fw-la &_o refluxum_fw-la maris_fw-la but_o whether_o it_o be_v upon_o any_o water_n within_o any_o county_n be_v former_o hint_v yet_o possible_o it_o may_v be_v material_a to_o know_v what_o water_n be_v hold_v to_o be_v within_o a_o county_n special_o if_o the_o question_n put_v by_o doderidge_n sergeant_n in_o the_o same_o case_n of_o leigh_n against_o burley_n be_v due_o consider_v in_o which_o case_n it_o be_v report_v that_o the_o lord_n coke_n say_v that_o the_o admiral_n shall_v have_v no_o jurisdiction_n where_o a_o man_n may_v see_v from_o one_o side_n to_o the_o other_o but_o the_o coroner_n of_o the_o county_n shall_v inquire_v of_o felony_n commit_v there_o which_o be_v hold_v to_o be_v good_a by_o all_o the_o other_o justice_n and_o he_o give_v this_o difference_n that_o where_o the_o place_n be_v cover_v over_o with_o salt-water_n and_o out_o of_o any_o county_n or_o town_n there_o est_fw-la altum_fw-la mare_fw-la but_o where_o it_o be_v within_o any_o county_n there_o it_o be_v not_o altum_fw-la mare_fw-la but_o the_o trial_n shall_v be_v per_fw-la vicenetum_n of_o the_o town_n doderidge_n serjeant_n demand_v this_o question_n the_o isle_n of_o lunday_n de_fw-fr corpore_fw-la comitatus_fw-la of_o devonshire_n and_o lie_v twenty_o mile_n within_o the_o sea_n whether_o be_v that_o within_o the_o county_n foster_n if_o the_o sea_n there_o be_v not_o of_o any_o county_n the_o admiral_n have_v jurisdiction_n or_o else_o not_o in_o this_o case_n it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o admiral_n have_v no_o jurisdiction_n where_o a_o man_n may_v see_v from_o one_o side_n to_o the_o other_o which_o in_o a_o transparent_a horizon_n a_o man_n may_v do_v from_o the_o land_n end_v to_o the_o cassiâ—erides_n or_o isle_n of_o scilly_n which_o lie_v seven_o league_n at_o least_o thence_o distant_a in_o the_o main_a ocean_n and_o almost_o the_o like_a from_o some_o part_n of_o england_n to_o the_o other_o side_n the_o water_n over_o to_o france_n the_o say_v isle_n of_o scilly_n be_v de_fw-fr corpore_fw-la comitatus_fw-la cornubiae_fw-la yet_o doubtless_o the_o high_a admiral_n of_o england_n notwithstanding_o both_o side_n be_v mutual_o visible_a have_v jurisdiction_n on_o the_o interflux_n there_o though_o the_o say_a word_n within_o shall_v be_v take_v in_o a_o sense_n as_o large_a as_o the_o ocean_n itself_o and_o whereas_o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o admiralty_n have_v not_o any_o jurisdiction_n of_o contract_n plea_n or_o quereles_a make_v or_o do_v upon_o a_o river_n haven_n or_o creek_n within_o any_o county_n of_o this_o realm_n probable_o it_o be_v not_o thereby_o mean_v or_o intend_v to_o be_v limit_v or_o restrain_v otherwise_o then_o according_a to_o the_o statute-law_n the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o realm_n whereof_o those_o of_o the_o sea_n be_v a_o part_n the_o realm_n of_o england_n consist_v of_o more_o element_n than_o one_o and_o if_o you_o consult_v the_o topography_n of_o several_a of_o the_o harbour_n havens_n port_n rhodes_n bayes_n sound_n and_o creek_n of_o this_o kingdom_n probable_o the_o admiralty_n may_v have_v in_o more_o sense_n than_o one_o a_o more_o liquid_a demonstration_n than_o so_o to_o be_v disjuriâ—dictioned_a by_o any_o mere_a supposition_n which_o have_v no_o small_a operation_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o admiralty_n in_o the_o day_n of_o the_o late_a licentious_a time_n when_o fancy_n be_v much_o in_o fashion_n thereby_o reduce_v jurisdiction_n to_o uncertainty_n the_o common_a fate_n of_o all_o thing_n in_o the_o say_a day_n of_o legerde_a brain_n but_o especial_o to_o the_o needleâ—s_n protelation_n of_o justice_n as_o to_z merchant_n and_o mariner_n in_o the_o legal_a prosecution_n of_o their_o maritime_a contract_n notwithstanding_o the_o resolution_n upon_o case_n of_o admiral_n cognizance_n subscribe_v by_o all_o the_o reverend_a judge_n and_o justice_n of_o both_o the_o honourable_a bench_n in_o the_o eight_o year_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o our_o late_a sovereign_n charles_n the_o first_o of_o bless_a memory_n wherein_o among_o other_o thing_n relate_v to_o that_o jurisdiction_n it_o be_v then_o unanimous_o resolve_v 1632._o that_o in_o case_n arise_v upon_o the_o thames_n the_o admiralty_n have_v jurisdiction_n special_o in_o the_o point_n mention_v in_o the_o statute_n of_o 15_o r._n 2._o and_o by_o equity_n thereof_o may_v inquire_v of_o and_o redress_v all_o annoyance_n and_o obstruction_n in_o those_o river_n that_o be_v any_o impediment_n to_o navigation_n or_o passage_n to_o or_o from_o the_o sea_n and_o in_o all_o navigable_a river_n and_o no_o prohibition_n to_o be_v grant_v but_o in_o the_o case_n of_o goodwin_n against_o tompkins_n it_o seem_v something_o otherwise_o according_a to_o the_o report_n tompkins_n the_o case_n be_v this_o a_o suit_n be_v in_o the_o admiral_n court_n for_o set_v a_o ship_n in_o a_o wharf_n to_o the_o damage_n of_o the_o plaintiff_n so_o that_o none_o can_v come_v to_o his_o wharf_n which_o be_v say_v within_o
overflow_v its_o bank_n to_o the_o inundation_n of_o another_o it_o be_v most_o just_a and_o safe_a seasonable_o to_o reduce_v they_o to_o their_o proper_a channel_n be_v it_o true_a what_o bald._n say_v 1._o jurisdictiones_fw-la penes_fw-la principes_fw-la residere_fw-la quasi_fw-la scabellum_fw-la the_o clash_v of_o jurisdiction_n may_v be_v a_o offence_n only_o to_o the_o footstool_n of_o majesty_n but_o if_o jurisdictio_fw-la ejus_fw-la ossibus_fw-la inhaeret_fw-la as_o tapia_n and_o other_o assert_v 3._o than_o it_o may_v be_v of_o a_o high_a nature_n where_o divers_a person_n be_v concredit_v with_o juridical_a trust_n or_o authority_n there_o the_o jurisdiction_n be_v either_o separate_a or_o concurrent_a or_o in_o common_a a_o separate_a jurisdiction_n may_v appertain_v to_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o person_n privative_a or_o exclusive_a to_o all_o other_o whereby_o they_o be_v external_o qualify_v to_o take_v cognizance_n either_o of_o other_o person_n jurisdict_n or_o of_o other_o cause_n ibid._n or_o of_o other_o quantity_n jurisd_v or_o of_o other_o place_n juridic_n than_o what_o other_o judge_n be_v juridical_o qualify_v for_o a_o concurrent_a jurisdiction_n be_v that_o which_o appertain_v to_o many_o cumulative_a as_o when_o the_o same_o case_n be_v equal_o subject_v to_o the_o cognizance_n of_o many_o judge_n yet_o so_o that_o each_o of_o they_o whether_o one_o or_o more_o by_o himself_o or_o themselves_o may_v in_o solidum_fw-la hear_v and_o determine_v the_o case_n and_o he_o or_o they_o only_o may_v take_v cognizance_n thereof_o to_o who_o address_n oport_n by_o the_o complainant_n be_v first_o make_v and_o before_o who_o the_o suit_n be_v first_o commence_v for_o in_o such_o case_n prevention_n take_v place_n and_o in_o all_o competent_a jurisdiction_n wherever_o the_o action_n be_v first_o commence_v there_o judgement_n ought_v to_o be_v give_v in_o the_o case_n judic_n thus_o the_o imperial_a chamber_n by_o a_o ordinance_n there_o make_v have_v concurrent_a jurisdiction_n with_o the_o emperor_n himself_o 3._o save_v in_o matter_n relate_v to_o the_o fee_n or_o inheritance_n of_o the_o imperial_a crown_n a_o jurisdiction_n in_o common_a appertain_v to_o many_o and_o that_o cumulative_a as_o to_o all_o of_o they_o so_o to_o all_o of_o they_o together_o and_o complexive_a insomuch_o that_o one_o of_o they_o may_v not_o proceed_v without_o the_o other_o the_o law_n oblige_v all_o of_o they_o to_o be_v present_a together_o in_o judgement_n judic_fw-la but_o whatever_o jurisdiction_n there_o be_v in_o a_o nation_n of_o how_o many_o kind_n degree_n order_n or_o subordination_n soever_o this_o be_v a_o sure_a rule_n and_o without_o exception_n jurisdictiones_fw-la non_fw-la sunt_fw-la confundendae_fw-la jud._n the_o bonum_fw-la publicum_fw-la be_v more_o rational_o state_v and_o more_o concern_v in_o rhe_n equal_a administration_n of_o justice_n then_o to_o admit_v the_o least_o confusion_n in_o that_o which_o be_v the_o only_a expedient_a to_o prevent_v confusion_n for_o justice_n who_o office_n it_o be_v not_o only_o to_o do_v that_o which_o be_v equal_a but_o also_o to_o remove_v that_o which_o be_v unequal_a be_v never_o illustrable_a through_o any_o medium_n that_o have_v the_o least_o tincture_n of_o injustice_n and_o although_o for_o its_o material_a object_n it_o ever_o have_v some_o one_o external_n action_n or_o other_o as_o suppose_v equality_n between_o payment_n and_o debt_n yet_o for_o its_o formal_a object_n it_o ever_o have_v honesty_n and_o conformity_n unto_o at_o least_o a_o adequate_a consistency_n with_o natural_a reason_n comprise_v in_o that_o external_a act._n of_o all_o jurisdiction_n that_o of_o the_o admiralty_n or_o sea-affair_n have_v be_v the_o least_o behold_v to_o the_o auxiliary_n of_o the_o press_n in_o defence_n of_o its_o ancient_a right_n and_o privilege_n against_o such_o as_o will_v without_o offence_n impair_v the_o same_o the_o reason_n probable_o may_v be_v either_o from_o the_o paucity_n of_o such_o as_o be_v more_o special_o therein_o concern_v in_o respect_n of_o that_o numerous_a host_n or_o retinue_n that_o in_o fealty_n to_o the_o other_o jurisdiction_n be_v most_o prompt_a notary_n on_o all_o occasion_n oâ—_n rather_o in_o that_o it_o be_v of_o that_o excellent_a use_n in_o all_o maritime_a dominion_n that_o the_o friend_n thereof_o be_v well_o assure_v its_o worth_n will_v be_v better_o value_v if_o the_o want_n thereof_o be_v more_o smart_o feel_v the_o ensue_a treatise_n be_v to_o assert_v the_o right_n thereof_o in_o part_n the_o design_n of_o who_o high_a ambition_n be_v only_o rather_o to_o excite_v other_o by_o this_o hint_n to_o supply_v the_o defect_n hereof_o by_o a_o more_o full_a and_o clear_a illustration_n of_o the_o right_n and_o privilege_n of_o so_o ancient_a and_o necessary_a a_o jurisdiction_n then_o to_o convince_v any_o by_o argument_n less_o persuasive_a than_o that_o interest_n whereon_o some_o meâ—s_n prejudice_n may_v be_v found_v though_o merchant_n and_o mariner_n qua_fw-la tale_n be_v not_o such_o able_a lawyer_n as_o to_o know_v how_o their_o maritime_a case_n shall_v be_v determine_v according_a to_o the_o exact_a rule_n of_o law_n yet_o they_o be_v such_o able_a support_v to_o any_o nation_n or_o kingdom_n that_o they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v leave_v sub_fw-la incerto_fw-la where_o or_o in_o what_o tribunal_n to_o find_v that_o rule_n under_o such_o a_o quality_n of_o juridical_a competency_n as_o not_o to_o run_v hazard_n by_o land_n as_o well_o as_o by_o sea_n yet_o this_o under_o the_o notion_n of_o a_o maritime_a cause_n when_o possible_o it_o be_v of_o another_o element_n may_v not_o be_v strain_v in_o favour_n of_o one_o jurisdiction_n in_o derogation_n of_o another_o nor_o under_o the_o notion_n of_o merchant_n when_o posible_o they_o be_v at_o best_a but_o quasi_fw-la mercatores_fw-la for_o not_o every_o one_o that_o buy_v and_o sell_v be_v thence_o present_o to_o be_v denominate_v a_o merchant_n but_o he_o only_o who_o in_o the_o way_n of_o trade_n and_o negotiation_n deal_v in_o movable_n for_o gain_n or_o profit_n upon_o design_n of_o dispose_v thereof_o in_o the_o way_n of_o commerce_n either_o by_o importation_n exportation_n or_o otherwise_o in_o the_o way_n of_o emption_n vendition_n barter_n permutation_n or_o exchange_n signif_n so_o that_o he_o be_v not_o proper_o say_v to_o be_v a_o merchant_n who_o once_o and_o no_o more_o do_v buy_v commodity_n that_o he_o may_v sell_v the_o same_o for_o it_o be_v not_o one_o act_n that_o do_v denominate_v a_o merchant_n trib._n but_o a_o certain_a assidutiy_n or_o frequent_a negotiation_n in_o the_o mystery_n of_o merchandize_v unless_o he_o be_v matriculate_v or_o enter_v as_o such_o in_o the_o society_n or_o corporation_n of_o merchant_n he_o also_o may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o merchant_n who_o by_o common_a fame_n and_o in_o the_o opinion_n of_o man_n be_v common_o repute_v a_o merchant_n navic_n they_o that_o buy_v ware_n or_o merchandize_n to_o reduce_v they_o by_o their_o own_o art_n or_o industry_n into_o other_o form_n then_o former_o they_o be_v of_o be_v repute_v rather_o artificer_n than_o merchant_n do_v unless_o by_o their_o order_n they_o be_v so_o transform_v by_o the_o art_n and_o industry_n of_o other_o upon_o design_n of_o sell_v the_o same_o to_o gain_v thereby_o in_o which_o case_n they_o may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v rather_o merchant_n than_o craftsman_n or_o artificer_n and_o such_o as_o buy_v ware_n for_o present_a money_n that_o without_o alter_v the_o form_n thereof_o they_o may_v sell_v the_o same_o at_o a_o future_a day_n of_o payment_n at_o a_o far_o dear_a price_n than_o they_o be_v buy_v be_v repute_v rather_o usurer_n than_o merchant_n usu_n but_o banker_n money-changer_n and_o such_o as_o deal_v by_o way_n of_o exchange_n be_v repute_v under_o the_o notion_n of_o merchant_n instit_n for_o whereas_o it_o be_v former_o say_v that_o a_o merchant_n deal_v only_o in_o movable_n understand_v that_o money_n be_v comprise_v under_o that_o notion_n sign_n so_o also_o be_v ship_n the_o isle_n of_o rhodes_n ancient_o be_v the_o only_a mart_n of_o trade_n and_o commerce_n in_o the_o whole_a world_n antiquity_n describe_v that_o isle_n and_o the_o city_n thereof_o as_o the_o only_a metropolis_n of_o merchant_n who_o though_o they_o have_v a_o latitude_n as_o wide_a as_o the_o ocean_n in_o point_n of_o trade_n and_o negotiation_n yet_o they_o may_v not_o in_o time_n of_o war_n transport_v prohibit_v good_n or_o commodity_n to_o a_o enemy_n though_o design_v for_o the_o redemption_n of_o captive_n abbas_n yet_o such_o be_v the_o reputation_n of_o merchant_n that_o credit_n be_v general_o give_v without_o the_o least_o distrust_n unto_o their_o count-book_n unless_o some_o legal_a exception_n may_v be_v raise_v against_o the_o same_o or_o other_o just_a cause_n of_o suspicion_n 9_o and_o whereas_o each_o merchant_n have_v his_o peculiar_a mark_n wherewith_o his_o good_n be_v usual_o mark_v by_o way_n of_o
then_o that_o only_o whence_o pontus_n become_v a_o word_n use_v for_o the_o sea_n in_o general_a though_o prometheus_n according_a to_o aeschilus_n the_o attic_a poet_n do_v challenge_v all_o the_o glory_n of_o this_o art_n of_o navigation_n to_o himself_o who_o among_o other_o who_o boast_v themselves_o as_o admiralty_n author_n of_o this_o art_n the_o rhodian_n envy_v presume_v to_o give_v law_n and_o to_o prescribe_v the_o rule_n of_o naval_a discipline_n in_o order_n to_o the_o better_a government_n of_o maritime_a affair_n 2._o which_o be_v now_o occasional_o introduce_v into_o the_o world_n by_o this_o art_n of_o navigation_n which_o law_n be_v find_v disperse_v among_o the_o several_a title_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n by_o command_n from_o the_o emperor_n justinian_n this_o island_n of_o rhodes_n in_o the_o mediterranean_a or_o carpathian_n sea_n be_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o multitude_n of_o their_o ship_n and_o great_a commerce_n rhodiae_fw-la no_o less_o famous_a for_o their_o sea-law_n then_o for_o their_o monstrous_a colossus_n the_o one_o be_v no_o less_o the_o wonder_n of_o reason_n in_o the_o infancy_n of_o trade_n than_o the_o other_o of_o art_n though_o that_o the_o great_a of_o the_o seven_o in_o all_o the_o world_n this_o appear_v by_o that_o memorable_a and_o know_a passage_n of_o the_o emperor_n antoninus_n pius_n who_o in_o answer_n unto_o eudemon_n complaint_n concern_v the_o seizure_n of_o his_o ship-broken_a good_n by_o the_o customer_n of_o the_o cyclides_n in_o the_o archipelago_n refer_v he_o for_o justice_n to_o the_o rhodean_a law_n profess_v that_o although_o he_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o world_n yet_o the_o law_n be_v of_o the_o sea_n rhod._n to_o which_o rhodian_a law_n several_a other_o emperor_n as_o tiberias_n hadrian_n vespasian_n trajan_n lucius_n septimius_n severus_n and_o other_o do_v refer_v all_o maritime_a controversy_n rhod._n yea_o for_o many_o hundred_o of_o year_n the_o mediterranean_a and_o most_o part_n of_o the_o christian_a ocean_n where_o any_o trassick_n or_o commerce_n be_v subscribe_v to_o the_o law_n of_o rhodes_n in_o the_o decision_n of_o all_o matter_n of_o admiral_n cognizance_n but_o some_o there_o be_v who_o by_o no_o mean_n will_v admit_v that_o the_o rhodian_n shall_v thus_o monopolise_v the_o glory_n of_o advance_v the_o common_a interest_n of_o mankind_n as_o if_o the_o law_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v bear_v into_o the_o world_n only_o by_o their_o obstetricy_n and_o therefore_o will_v have_v the_o origination_n of_o the_o sea-law_n attribute_v to_o the_o phaenician_o who_o as_o they_o be_v by_o some_o account_v the_o author_n of_o arithmetic_n and_o astronomy_n so_o also_o of_o navigation_n whence_o be_v that_o prima_fw-la ratem_fw-la ventis_fw-la credre_fw-la docta_fw-la tibullus_n tyrus_n they_o be_v the_o first_o that_o take_v the_o observation_n of_o the_o north-star_n in_o supplement_n of_o that_o naval_a mystery_n these_o phaenician_o who_o come_v with_o cadmus_n into_o greece_n as_o they_o civilise_v the_o grecian_n by_o their_o science_n and_o other_o literature_n terpsi_fw-la so_o they_o exceed_o debauch_v they_o by_o their_o luxury_n and_o insatiable_a avarice_n which_o together_o with_o their_o ware_n and_o merchandise_n they_o first_o import_v into_o greece_n 15._o these_o be_v they_o that_o transport_v io_n whence_o the_o jonean_a sea_n be_v so_o call_v out_o of_o greece_n into_o egypt_n and_o be_v the_o first_o that_o descry_v the_o two_o pole_n 1._o this_o phoenicia_n be_v the_o sea-coast_n of_o syria_n 16._o the_o greek_n call_v this_o sea-coast_n phoenicia_n but_o the_o hebrew_n call_v it_o chanaan_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n chananite_n 5._o dionysius_n also_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o phoenician_n be_v the_o first_o mariner_n merchant_n and_o astronomer_n vers_n and_o tyrus_n the_o maritine_n metropolis_n thereof_o who_o trade_n and_o commerce_n be_v so_o great_a and_o remarkable_a in_o that_o aera_fw-la from_o adam_n and_o consequent_o her_o pride_n and_o luxury_n that_o less_o than_o two_o whole_a chapter_n of_o the_o sacred_a record_n will_v not_o suffice_v 27._o to_o describe_v the_o vastness_n of_o the_o one_o and_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o other_o this_o city_n tyrus_n be_v there_o style_v a_o merchant_n all_o who_o 3._o ship_n be_v make_v of_o fir_n their_o mast_n of_o cedar_n their_o oar_n of_o bashan_n oak_n the_o hatch_n of_o ivory_n the_o waste_v clothes_n vane_n flag_n and_o pendant_n of_o purple_a and_o scarlet_a the_o common_a mariner_n be_v the_o zidonean_n 9_o and_o inhabitant_n of_o arvad_n their_o calker_n be_v the_o ancient_n of_o geball_n and_o their_o steers-man_n or_o pilot_n where_o the_o wise_a man_n of_o tyrus_n to_o these_o may_v be_v add_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o caria_n in_o asia_n minor_n for_o it_o be_v upon_o good_a record_n of_o history_n that_o these_o also_o be_v ancient_o repute_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o also_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o corinth_n likewise_o the_o people_n of_o aegina_n one_o of_o the_o isle_n of_o the_o cyclades_n and_o of_o egypt_n all_o these_o respective_o have_v challenge_v to_o themselves_o this_o honourable_a invention_n of_o the_o art_n of_o navigation_n 1._o but_o the_o first_o that_o invent_v ship_n on_o the_o red_a sea_n &_o sail_v thereon_o be_v say_v to_o be_v king_n erythrus_n whence_o the_o red_a sea_n take_v its_o name_n of_o erythreum_fw-la mare_fw-la erythrus_n there_o be_v other_o who_o ascribe_v this_o art_n of_o navigation_n to_o the_o carthaginian_n 7._o this_o seem_v to_o have_v more_o than_o fumum_fw-la probationis_fw-la in_o it_o for_o that_o these_o poeni_n or_o carthaginian_n original_o be_v phoeni_n or_o phoenician_n nig._n it_o be_v most_o undeniable_a that_o their_o naval_a discovery_n attempt_v by_o hanno_n ramus_n by_o hamilco_n and_o other_o carthaginian_n be_v no_o less_o famous_a upon_o historical_a record_n nig._n than_o their_o three_o great_a though_o unfortunate_a bella_fw-la punica_fw-la maritima_n when_o hannibal_n himself_o be_v lord_n high_a admiral_n which_o begin_v in_o the_o 158_o olympiad_n and_o conclude_v with_o the_o sad_a catastrophe_n of_o that_o famous_a city_n of_o carthage_n than_o 700_o year_n old_a in_o the_o last_o year_n of_o the_o 158_o olympiad_n alii_fw-la whereby_o rome_n by_o her_o conquest_n lose_v the_o glory_n of_o a_o competitor_n for_o the_o world_n empire_n now_o when_o the_o roman_a empire_n which_o be_v so_o common_o mistake_v for_o the_o beast_n with_o ten_o horn_n mention_v in_o the_o prophet_n daniel_n 20._o with_o tooth_n of_o iron_n and_o nail_n of_o brass_n which_o in_o truth_n be_v mean_v of_o the_o syrian_a monarchy_n under_o the_o seleucidae_n so_o call_v from_o seleucus_n 1651._o nicanor_n be_v shatter_v and_o dilacerate_v whereby_o a_o very_a dark_a and_o dismal_a eclipse_n ensue_v general_o on_o all_o law_n necessity_n then_o which_o have_v no_o law_n occasion_v new_a law_n and_o bad_a manner_n at_o sea_n beget_v good_a law_n on_o land_n yet_o not_o so_o much_o a_o creation_n of_o new_a law_n that_o never_o be_v before_o as_o a_o reviver_n or_o resurrection_n of_o the_o former_a out_o of_o the_o cinder_n of_o that_o fall_v empire_n together_o with_o such_o additional_n as_o time_n experience_n and_o negotiation_n have_v administer_v occasion_n for_o especial_o to_o such_o part_n of_o the_o world_n as_o by_o their_o neighbourhood_n to_o the_o sea_n be_v most_o conversant_a in_o naval_a expedition_n and_o maritime_a affair_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o in_o supplement_n of_o the_o forementioned_a sea-law_n all_o the_o chief_a town_n of_o commerce_n and_o traffic_n on_o the_o mediterranean_a contribute_v special_a sea-constitution_n and_o ordinance_n of_o zamerano_n their_o own_o for_o the_o better_a regulation_n of_o all_o maritime_a occurrency_n such_o be_v the_o sea-law_n publish_v by_o divers_a emperor_n of_o rome_n also_o by_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o pisa_n by_o the_o genuise_n by_o those_o of_o messene_n 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chap._n iu._n of_o person_n maritime_a as_o also_o of_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v proper_o cognizable_a within_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiralty_n of_o england_n and_o in_o what_o method_n it_o proceed_v to_o judgement_n there_o be_v but_o three_o thing_n that_o seem_v special_o to_o illustrate_v the_o splendour_n of_o a_o jurisdiction_n viz._n sceptrum_fw-la majestatis_fw-la or_o the_o power_n and_o legal_a authority_n of_o the_o prince_n as_o to_o the_o constitution_n thereof_o codex_fw-la administrationis_fw-la or_o the_o right_a administration_n of_o justice_n and_o gladii_fw-la potestas_fw-la vel_fw-la gladius_n executionis_fw-la or_o the_o coercive_a power_n 10._o that_o jurisdiction_n thus_o constitute_v be_v inter_v regalia_z principum_fw-la no_o person_n not_o dis-principled_n will_v deny_v so_o as_o what_o be_v long_o since_o the_o law_n as_o to_o the_o emperor_n in_o point_n of_o jurisdiction_n within_o the_o empire_n imperator_fw-la quoad_fw-la 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as_o the_o other_o aetat_fw-la now_o as_o the_o sea_n belong_v to_o prince_n in_o respect_n of_o jurisdiction_n and_o protection_n devis_n so_o also_o in_o they_o proper_o reside_v the_o right_a and_o power_n of_o commissionate_v minister_n of_o justice_n for_o the_o due_a exercise_n and_o administration_n thereof_o in_o decision_n of_o all_o matter_n whether_o civil_a or_o criminal_a within_o their_o cognizance_n according_a to_o the_o know_a law_n of_o the_o sea_n not_o contradict_v the_o statute_n or_o municipal_a law_n of_o that_o kingdom_n or_o state_n whereof_o the_o say_a prince_n be_v next_o and_o immediate_o under_o god_n supreme_a 190_o as_o to_o person_n maritime_a it_o may_v be_v consider_v who_o they_o be_v that_o more_o peculiarly_a be_v of_o marine_a capacity_n and_o proper_o may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v within_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiralty_n what_o their_o right_n privilege_n and_o immunity_n be_v and_o what_o their_o office_n or_o duty_n respective_o be_v 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admiralty_n of_o england_n without_o engage_v into_o controversal_a point_n choose_v rather_o in_o a_o treatise_n so_o compendious_a
contract_n though_o vltra-marine_a but_o the_o lord_n hobard_fw-mi in_o bridgmans_n case_n go_v far_o and_o say_v case_n that_o it_o have_v be_v often_o resolve_v that_o if_o any_o obligation_n be_v make_v at_o sea_n yet_o it_o can_v not_o be_v sue_v in_o the_o admiralty_n court_n because_o it_o be_v a_o obligation_n which_o take_v his_o course_n and_o bind_v according_a te_fw-la the_o common_a law_n so_o that_o it_o hence_o follow_v that_o if_o it_o be_v make_v beyond_o sea_n wherein_o the_o common_a law_n can_v administer_v justice_n the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n have_v not_o any_o jurisdiction_n and_o if_o it_o be_v make_v at_o sea_n it_o can_v be_v sue_v in_o the_o admiralty_n court_n because_o it_o take_v its_o course_n and_o bind_v according_a to_o the_o common_a law_n thus_o betwixt_o land_n and_o water_n between_o contract_n make_v beyond_o sea_n and_o obligation_n make_v at_o sea_n the_o admiralty_n seem_v like_o a_o kind_n of_o derelict_n but_o probable_o it_o be_v not_o 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material_a quoad_fw-la examen_fw-la though_o the_o case_n oft_o time_n happen_v to_o prove_v otherwise_o quoad_fw-la merita_fw-la sir_n george_n croak_v in_o the_o foresay_a resolution_n upon_o the_o case_n of_o admiral_n jurisdiction_n char._n seem_v to_o be_v of_o another_o opinion_n where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o if_o a_o suit_n be_v commence_v in_o the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n upon_o contract_n make_v or_o other_o thing_n do_v beyond_o the_o sea_n or_o upon_o the_o sea_n no_o prohibition_n to_o be_v grant_v or_o award_v there_o respect_n seem_v to_o be_v have_v more_o to_o the_o place_n where_o the_o contract_n be_v make_v then_o whether_o it_o be_v for_o a_o marine_a cause_n there_o be_v some_o thing_n that_o wherever_o they_o be_v make_v or_o do_v whether_o this_o side_n the_o sea_n upon_o the_o sea_n or_o beyond_o the_o sea_n may_v be_v proper_o cognizable_a in_o the_o admiralty_n such_o be_v charter-party_n bill_n of_o lade_n and_o the_o like_a there_o be_v other_o thing_n 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have_v to_o the_o place_n have_v the_o same_o operation_n be_v it_o otherwise_o it_o may_v be_v something_o difficult_a to_o find_v a_o case_n simple_o and_o absolute_o of_o a_o admiral_n cognizance_n for_o contract_n though_o make_v even_o upon_o or_o beyond_o the_o sea_n be_v general_o to_o take_v effect_n at_o land_n and_o that_o which_o be_v pure_o marine_a in_o the_o cause_n may_v be_v terrene_a in_o the_o effect_n bill_n of_o lade_n that_o be_v so_o proper_o inherent_a in_o the_o admiralty_n take_v effect_n at_o land_n though_o make_v and_o firm_v a_o shipboard_n for_o the_o most_o part_n upon_o or_o beyond_o the_o sea_n likewise_o contract_v for_o freight_v and_o mariner_n wage_n take_v effect_n at_o land_n yet_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v make_v a_o shipboard_n upon_o or_o beyond_o the_o sea_n these_o obligation_n for_o they_o be_v obligation_n though_o they_o be_v for_o do_v some_o act_n within_o the_o realm_n as_o in_o bill_n of_o lade_n for_o the_o safe_a delivery_n a_o shore_n the_o danger_n of_o the_o sea_n except_v of_o such_o good_n to_o the_o consignatory_n as_o be_v therein_o mention_v and_o in_o contract_n of_o freight_v and_o mariner_n wage_n for_o the_o due_a payment_n of_o money_n on_o the_o land_n yet_o be_v all_o within_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiralty_n when_o a_o contract_n be_v real_o make_v super_fw-la altum_fw-la mare_fw-la vel_fw-la ultra_fw-la quatuor_fw-la maria_fw-la special_o in_o matter_n svi_fw-la natura_fw-la maritime_a though_o in_o order_n to_o something_o afterward_o to_o be_v do_v or_o perform_v in_o whole_a or_o in_o part_n upon_o the_o land_n this_o seem_v by_o the_o ancient_a custom_n style_n and_o practice_n of_o the_o admiralty_n to_o be_v within_o the_o jurisdiction_n thereof_o yea_o proper_o and_o exclusive_o unless_o you_o hold_v the_o doctrine_n of_o universal_a concurrency_n and_o herein_o the_o admiralty_n may_v safe_o appeal_v to_o the_o word_n of_o that_o great_a oracle_n of_o the_o law_n whereof_o mention_n have_v be_v make_v in_o the_o precedent_a chapter_n 440._o viz._n que_fw-fr choose_v fait_fw-fr horse_n del_fw-it royalme_n n'_fw-fr aient_fw-fr poet_n estre_fw-fr try_v diens_n le_fw-fr royalme_n per_fw-la le_fw-fr serement_n the_o 12._o a_o thing_n do_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n may_v not_o be_v try_v within_o the_o realm_n by_o the_o oath_n of_o twelve_o man_n this_o be_v the_o judgement_n of_o he_o who_o the_o lord_n coke_n style_v not_o only_o by_o the_o name_n of_o a_o lawyer_n but_o of_o the_o law_n itself_o no_o surmise_n or_o suggestion_n can_v cause_v that_o to_o be_v which_o in_o svi_fw-la natura_fw-la be_v not_o nor_o cause_n that_o legal_o to_o seem_v to_o be_v which_o in_o rerum_fw-la natura_fw-la be_v not_o capable_a of_o be_v the_o question_n be_v not_o whether_o a_o alien_n bear_v out_o of_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n may_v as_o a_o demandant_n bring_v his_o real_a action_n nor_o be_v it_o imagine_v by_o any_o that_o because_o he_o be_v a_o alien_n that_o therefore_o his_o case_n may_v not_o come_v to_o trial_n for_o want_v of_o a_o suggestion_n to_o feign_v a_o native_a of_o france_n to_o be_v bear_v in_o such_o a_o certain_a place_n in_o england_n do_v not_o reach_v the_o case_n in_o hand_n for_o though_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o one_o and_o the_o same_o individual_a person_n to_o be_v bear_v in_o both_o place_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o impossible_a but_o that_o he_o who_o be_v surmise_a or_o suggest_a to_o be_v bear_v in_o one_o place_n may_v in_o truth_n be_v bear_v in_o another_o nor_o contrary_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o law_n to_o surmise_v a_o translocation_n of_o a_o man_n nativity_n which_o admit_v a_o possibility_n in_o any_o place_n within_o the_o habitable_a part_n of_o the_o whole_a universe_n therefore_o such_o a_o surmise_n or_o suggestion_n may_v be_v regular_o consistent_v with_o the_o law_n of_o fiction_n and_o consequent_o
that_o law_n whereby_o that_o court_n proceed_v be_v nothing_o inferior_a in_o point_n of_o antiquity_n to_o the_o jurisdiction_n itself_o the_o style_n of_o that_o court_n in_o that_o point_n of_o practice_n be_v as_o ancient_a as_o the_o court_n itself_o and_o whereas_o the_o right_a of_o take_v such_o stipulation_n for_o appearance_n and_o performance_n of_o the_o act_n order_n judgement_n and_o decree_n of_o the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n have_v not_o be_v without_o contradiction_n upon_o the_o foresay_a ground_n that_o the_o say_a court_n be_v no_o court_n of_o record_n it_o do_v plain_o appear_v by_o a_o record_n of_o good_a antiquity_n and_o with_o the_o learned_a mr._n selden_n of_o good_a authority_n that_o the_o say_a court_n be_v a_o court_n of_o record_n 24._o and_o if_o the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n be_v discharacter_v as_o no_o court_n of_o record_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o proceed_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n it_o will_v thence_o seem_v to_o be_v employ_v as_o if_o no_o part_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v any_o part_n of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n it_o be_v not_o conceal_v from_o the_o world_n by_o a_o person_n of_o no_o less_o honour_n than_o knowledge_n in_o the_o law_n of_o this_o realm_n that_o the_o imperial_a or_o roman_a law_n be_v in_o some_o case_n the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n 6._o this_o worthy_a author_n speak_v of_o the_o right_n of_o prerogative_n in_o absolute_a king_n and_o prince_n as_o to_o imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n do_v upon_o that_o occasion_n in_o the_o forecited_n place_n declare_v himself_o in_o haec_fw-la verba_fw-la forasmuch_o as_o the_o general_a law_n of_o nation_n which_o be_v and_o aught_o to_o be_v law_n in_o all_o kingdom_n and_o the_o law-merchant_n be_v also_o a_o branch_n os_fw-la that_o law_n and_o likewise_o the_o imperial_a and_o roman_a law_n have_v be_v ever_o admit_v have_v receive_v by_o the_o king_n and_o people_n of_o england_n in_o cause_n concern_v merchant_n and_o merchandize_n and_o so_o be_v become_v the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n in_o these_o case_n why_o shall_v not_o this_o question_n of_o imposition_n be_v examine_v and_o decide_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o those_o law_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o the_o same_o do_v concern_v merchant_n and_o merchandize_n as_o well_o as_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o our_o customary_a or_o common_a law_n of_o england_n especial_o because_o the_o rule_n of_o those_o other_o law_n be_v well_o know_v to_o the_o other_o nation_n with_o who_o we_o have_v commerce_n whereas_o the_o rule_n of_o our_o own_o municipal_a law_n be_v only_o know_v within_o our_o island_n what_o this_o worthy_a author_n here_o speak_v of_o the_o civil_a law_n in_o england_n as_o to_o this_o point_n of_o imposition_n by_o the_o king_n on_o merchandize_n be_v applicable_a in_o any_o case_n of_o navigation_n naval_a negotiation_n or_o other_o affair_n proper_o relate_v to_o merchant_n or_o mariner_n within_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o admiralty_n of_o england_n and_o the_o same_o learned_a author_n in_o another_o place_n 4._o when_o the_o city_n of_o rome_n be_v gentium_fw-la domina_fw-la &_o civitas_n illa_fw-la magna_fw-la quae_fw-la regnabat_fw-la super_fw-la reges_fw-la terrae_fw-la the_o roman_a civil_a law_n be_v communicate_v unto_o all_o the_o subject_n of_o that_o empire_n become_v the_o common_a law_n as_o it_o be_v of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o inhabit_a world_n etc._n etc._n and_o again_o in_o the_o same_o place_n all_o marine_a and_o sea-cause_n which_o do_v arise_v for_o the_o most_o part_n concern_v merchant_n and_o merchandize_n cross_v the_o sea_n our_o king_n have_v ever_o use_v the_o roman_a civil_a law_n for_o the_o decide_n and_o determine_v thereof_o thus_o far_o go_v the_o say_v worthy_a author_n in_o this_o point_n it_o be_v most_o true_a the_o civil_a law_n in_o england_n be_v not_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n but_o the_o law_n of_o the_o sea_n great_a britain_n and_o the_o dominion_n thereof_o comprise_v the_o adjacent_a sea_n as_o well_o as_o the_o land_n the_o law_n by_o which_o the_o high_a admiralty_n of_o england_n proceed_v be_v in_o all_o cause_n cognizable_a in_o that_o jurisdiction_n allow_v own_a and_o receive_v by_o prince_n and_o people_n sovereign_a and_o subject_a seem_v to_o be_v a_o law_n of_o england_n though_o not_o the_o law_n of_o england_n not_o the_o land-law_n but_o the_o sea-law_n of_o england_n for_o as_o in_o matter_n terrene_a and_o in_o land-affair_n it_o be_v proper_a to_o say_v infra_fw-la corpus_fw-la comitatus_fw-la so_o in_o matter_n maritime_a and_o sea-affair_n it_o be_v no_o less_o proper_a to_o say_v sur_fw-fr le_fw-fr hout_n mere_a the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiralty_n of_o england_n be_v one_o of_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o england_n which_o ever_o imply_v a_o law_n to_o proceed_v by_o that_o can_v be_v but_o of_o that_o place_n whereof_o the_o jurisdiction_n itself_o be_v it_o neither_o may_v nor_o aught_o to_o be_v deny_v but_o that_o for_o the_o take_a recognizance_n against_o the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n prohibition_n have_v be_v grant_v yet_o possible_o it_o may_v not_o thence_o by_o a_o necessary_a concludency_n follow_v that_o the_o high_a court_n of_o admiralty_n in_o take_v stipulation_n for_o judicial_a appearance_n or_o performance_n of_o the_o act_n and_o order_n of_o the_o court_n vel_fw-la judicio_fw-la sisti_fw-la vel_fw-la judicatum_fw-la solvi_fw-la and_o this_o according_a to_o that_o law_n whereby_o it_o be_v to_o proceed_v be_v involve_v under_o such_o a_o guilt_n of_o transgression_n against_o the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n as_o eo_fw-la nomine_fw-la to_o incur_v a_o prohibition_n which_o if_o grantable_a upon_o every_o such_o recognizance_n or_o stipulation_n for_o appearance_n and_o performance_n of_o the_o act_n and_o judgement_n of_o the_o court_n without_o which_o it_o can_v proceed_v according_a to_o law_n there_o can_v then_o be_v no_o suit_n or_o action_n depend_v in_o the_o high_a admiralty_n of_o england_n be_v it_o for_o place_n nature_n or_o quality_n in_o itself_o never_o so_o maritime_a and_o of_o undoubted_a admiral_n cognizance_n but_o must_v be_v subject_a and_o liable_a to_o a_o prohibition_n and_o consequent_o to_o a_o removal_n from_o its_o proper_a jurisdiction_n ad_fw-la aliud_fw-la examen_fw-la to_o the_o great_a grievance_n of_o merchant_n and_o mariner_n and_o other_o the_o good_a people_n of_o these_o his_o majesty_n dominion_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o multiplicity_n of_o suit_n protelation_n of_o justice_n excess_n of_o judicial_a expense_n together_o with_o the_o uncertainty_n of_o jurisdiction_n and_o all_o as_o the_o unavoidable_a consequence_n of_o such_o prohibition_n chap._n xi_o of_o charter_n party_n make_v on_o the_o land_n and_o other_o thing_n do_v beneath_o the_o first_o bridge_n next_o to_o the_o sea_n vel_fw-la infra_fw-la fluxum_fw-la &_o refluxum_fw-la maris_fw-la and_o how_o far_o these_o may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v cognizable_a in_o the_o admiralty_n touch_v this_o subject_a it_o have_v be_v assert_v that_o if_o a_o charter-party_n be_v make_v within_o any_o city_n port-town_n or_o county_n of_o this_o realm_n although_o it_o be_v to_o be_v perform_v upon_o or_o beyond_o the_o sea_n yet_o be_v the_o same_o to_o be_v try_v and_o determine_v in_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o the_o common_a law_n and_o not_o in_o the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n objection_n this_o be_v exclusive_a as_o to_o the_o admiralty_n in_o matter_n of_o charter-party_n make_v upon_o the_o land_n but_o yet_o it_o be_v agree_v and_o resolve_v hill_n 8._o car._n upon_o the_o case_n of_o admiral_n jurisdiction_n that_o though_o the_o charter-party_n happen_v to_o be_v make_v within_o the_o realm_n so_o as_o the_o penalty_n be_v not_o demand_v a_o prohibition_n be_v not_o to_o be_v grant_v jurisdiction_n be_v it_o otherwise_o or_o that_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiralty_n may_v not_o take_v cognizance_n of_o such_o maritime_a contract_n though_o make_v on_o land_n then_o by_o thereunto_o add_v what_o be_v former_o observe_v out_o of_o the_o same_o place_n objection_n viz._n that_o the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n have_v not_o any_o jurisdiction_n of_o any_o contract_v make_v beyond_o sea_n for_o do_v of_o any_o act_n within_o this_o realm_n or_o otherwise_o wherein_o the_o common_a law_n can_v administer_v justice_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o if_o according_a to_o the_o one_o of_o these_o assertion_n such_o maritime_a contract_n when_o make_v upon_o the_o land_n though_o to_o be_v perform_v upon_o or_o beyond_o the_o sea_n may_v not_o be_v try_v or_o determine_v in_o the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n and_o when_o according_a to_o the_o other_o of_o these_o assertion_n make_v beyond_o the_o sea_n for_o do_v of_o any_o act_n within_o this_o realm_n etc._n etc._n the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n have_v not_o any_o juriidiction_n thereof_o in_o such_o caâ—e_n it_o must_v necessary_o follow_v that_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiralty_n