Naples with the King of Spain but in the end lost it by his Treachery suppressed the Pope's insolency and defeated the Venetians He was crowned in the Abbey of Saint Denis in France on the first of July following and on the next day made his triumphant entry into Paris Century XVI LEwes XII after he had worthily performed the Funerals of his Predecessour he first purchased the love of the Noble-men of his Court maintaining every man in his State and Dignity and the Magistrates in their Office He sought to cut off the tediousness of Suits he freed his Subjects from the third part of the Subsidies which oppressed them he put the Men at Arms into Garrisons reducing them to the Antient Discipline of War He made many good Laws against the abusive charges in the pursuit of Justice neither did he ever publish any Edict before it was confirmed by the Judgement of Soveraign Courts De Serres Hist in vit Ludovici XII His Decrees contained some limitation of the priviledges granted in old time to Universities the which they abused to the oppression of the people The University of Paris opposeth against the publication thereof and many infamous Libels were published against the King and the Chancellour of Rochefort The Scholars flock together resolving to abandon both study and the exercise of Learning John Cave being Rector forbids the Regents to read any more and the Preachers to preach until the University had recovered her Antient priviledges The King hereupon draws many Men at Arms into Paris and in Parliament confirms the abovenamed ordinances by an Edict The Rector fearing a check keeps all the Scholars within their Lodgings and revokes the commandement he had given John Standon a Doctor of Divinity one of the chief of the Faction was banished the Realm Thomas Warnet of Cambray who in preaching had railed against the King's Authority banished himself All things being thus settled Lewes takes upon him the Title of Duke of Milan He puts away Joan his Wife and marries with Ann the Widdow of the late King Charles Our Ladies Bridge at Paris fell threescore houses were ruined with it and a great number of persons were swallowed up in the River As touching the priviledges of the Kings of France we find when the Parliament of Paris gave their opinion and all the Chambers met together about receiving the Cardinal of Amboise and the qualifications that should be put to his faculties which was on Decemb. 11. 1501. the Laws of the Land and the Liberties of the Gallican Church were represented at large among which this was one That the King of France cannot be excommunicated that his Kingdom cannot be put under an Interdict as is collected out of the Antient Registers In the beginning of this Century Mr. John le Maire one of the French Historians wrote his Book of Schism and therein gives us to understand that there were endeavours then for the Reformation of the Church Every good Christian saith he ought to pray to God that the two last Councils of the Gallican Church may engender one great Universal and general Council of all the Latin Church to reform that Church as well in the Head as the Members so as the general Councils use to do And that if it be not kept at Lyons it may be kept in some other place most expedient and necessary for the publick good which may be very well done at this present considering the great peace amity and union which is betwixt the two greatest Potentates in Christendom the Emperour and the King together with a third confederate in the League the Catholick King Ferdinand of Arragon who ought altogether to reform the abuses of the Church of Rome Which Reformation must of necessity be made Thus he speaks of the aforementioned Pragmatick Sanction Forasmuch saith he as the Pope's are not content that the Pragmatick Sanction be in force although it be founded upon the Holy Canons Le Maire en la 2 part de la differ de schismes and Authorized by the Council of Basil but it derogates from the unsatiable covetousness of the Court of Rome therefore they say it is a pure Heresie In the time of this King Lewes XII lived Robert Gagwin who wrote the French History Erasmus his intimate Friend calls him a most discreet Historiographer he compares him to Salust and Livy Auâ—erti Miroel Elog. Belg. for purity of speech and composition of his History He was also a good Poet and an excellent Oratour and a Man well skilled in all polite Learning He was sent Ambassadour by the King of France into England Italy and Germany About this time flourished Jacobus Faber skilled in all Learning and especially in Divinity Farel and Calvin were his Scholars Illyr Catal. Test verit Sleidan saith he suffered great persecution for the truth from the Masters at Paris He was very low of a modest countenance and a sweet disposition his mind wholly estranged from all injustice I find him thus characterized Celeberrimus nostri seculi Philosophus Belg. quinimò totius Galliae unum decus Primus apud Gallos ut Cicero apud Romanos Philosophiam rudem impolitam cum eloquentiâ junxit Est in dicendo sublimis in sententiis gravis in attentione exquisitus in compositione diligens ac curiosus Trithem de Viris Illustrib Jodocus Clichtoveus a most learned Man of Paris was contemporary with Jacobus Faber De Serres Hist in vit Ludov. XII King Lewes and the Emperour being at variance a Treaty was agreed on and for this Treaty the Cardinal of Amboise Lieutenant-General for his Majesty at Milan went to the Emperour to Trent where first they Treated of the marriage of Charles the eldest Son to the Arch-Duke Philip of Austria with Claude the only Daughter of Lewes XII then about the calling a General Council to reform the Church not only in the members but even in the Head doubtless there is small assurance in the friendship of Princes who thirst after nothing but their own greatness Moreover seldom shall we see any thing succeed well with them who have coloured their passions with the name of the Church and the Reformation thereof which they did not really intend And likewise all the malitious practices and School-tricks of a Cardinal whose ambitious spirit gaped after the Popedom what could they produce but smoak for France and combustion for Italy The Arch-Duke Philip with his Wife Daughter to Ferdinand King of Arragon and Isabel Queen of Castile passed through Paris Novemb. 25. and from thence to Blois where the King and Queen remained where they concluded the marriage of their children But Man purposeth and God disposeth The Duke of Milan was soon after made Prisoner by the Treachery of the Suissers Cardinal Ascanius leaves Milan abandoned but he is betraid and led prisoner to Venice but the French King sent for him to Venice and not only the person of the Cardinal was delivered to him
the League between the French King the Duke of Savoy and the Venetians negotiates another between himself and the Princes of Italy The Spaniard spreads abroad defaming Libels against the League of France Venice and Savoy Those great losses which the Protestants had sustained for some preceding years in Bearn and Languedoc alwaies kept them waking especially after the Peace of Montpelier they well perceiving that those small â—outs which they had suffered did threaten their Party with an utter destruction The Spaniards therefore laboured very much to get the Sieur de Soubize and Rohan who were the only eminent persons to Command their Arms. Their design took effect These two Brothers being met at Castres resolved to raise those of their Party the one by Sea at Guienne and the other in Languedoc The attempt upon the Fort of Blavet otherwise Port S. Lewes of which we have spoken before was an effect of that resolution as also the endeavours of the Duke and Duchess of Rohan began at the same time in Languedoc to draw in more Towns in to their Party But the Marquess de Ragny was sent in all haste into Languedoc with certain Regiments to oppose the first Commotions and to employ many persons of discretion to assure himself of the Counsels of the chief Towns and by this means most of them kept within their duties Soubize publisht a Manifest which sounded an Alarm to all the Protestant Party making them to believe that their utter ruine was concluded on in the King's Council That the loss of their Religion was inevitable if they did not defend themselves by Arms and that the raising of Fort Saint Lewes built by Rochel was a sign of it He suggested to them that the Catholicks were of opinion in most of their Bcoks that they were not obliged to keep Faith with Hereticks Most were taken with these reasons because the Duke of Rohan clapt into some Towns certain Gentlemen and Captains of his own Religion to encourage them and to stir up the Popular Ministers who after this looked for nothing but when to rise not considering that the insurrections which they were carried to were contrived by the Spaniards who pretended not to make use of them but only to divert and draw off the King's Arms from Italy That fomentation which the Spaniard gave to the Hugonots whereby to force the King to draw off his Army from the Valtoline obliged the French King to do the like by the Spaniard in assaulting the Common-wealth of Genoa The Pope sends the Cardinal Barbarino in the quality of a Legate into France to negotiate the Peace between the French King and the King of Spain The Hugonots by the Spaniards instigation arm themselves very potently against the French King The Duke of Rohan took the Command upon himself of those Forces in Languedoc Soubize those in Poictou Although Soubize had been repulsed from before the Port of Blavet yet by that means he made himself master of six great Ships which were the King 's and the Duke 's of Nemours which gave him opportunity of doing very considerable damages He had formerly got together about eleven Ships of War and many Shallops and small Boats and with these roved up and down the Coasts of Poictou and Guienne as hath been before hinted at The Duke of Rohan got together about two thousand men near Castres He gave out that the Rochellers had taken Arms and sworn a League with the Churches of his Party that he might by this pretence get a like interest in some other Towns which he had an eye upon And accordingly he went to Puilaurens Ruel Soreze St. Pauls Leviate and Briteste and made the Consuls swear to the Confederacy afterwards he came to the Gates of Lavaur to surprâ—zâ— it but his design took no effect The Count of Carmain Governour of Foix got into Ruel and Soreze after the other had forsaken them and so dealt with the Consuls that they confessed their faults and protested not to take part with him any more A Process was made in the Parliament of Tholouse against him and all his Adherents The Marquess de Cragny and the Count of Carmain marched against the Duke and whilst those who made the first Encounter were at it the rest got into Vianes who were however so closely pursued by the Marshal's Forces that the Regiment of Normandy was hard at their heels entring into the Town with them Thus he remained Master of Peyresquade where there were about one hundred and fifty of the Rebels Souldiers killed and hurt all which the Duke of Rohan beheld from a Fort in Vianes where he then was from which time forwards he began to despair of doing any great matters for the future especially since he saw himself so closely followed and that the Cardinal had taken such a course in Languedoc that the King could have raised more men in twenty four hours than the Duke in a whole month Soubize finding little assurance on the main Land had fortified himself in the Isles of Reé and Olleron it was the more important to remove him thence because otherwise it would be impossible to reduce Rochel unto its obedience so easily and abundantly might he recruit them with necessaries from those fertile Islands but the Duke of Montmorency the King's Admiral made himself Master of the Isle of Reé after a three daies Combate with a great deal of obstinacy on both parts The Duke of Montmorency Landed at Olleron where he met with no resistance The Sieur de Soubize haying withdrawn himself into England lived at a House called Burgate in Hampshire near the New Forest for divers years after The whole Province was now setled in quiet both by Sea and Land of all which King Lewes was informed who received the news with much joy Cardinal Barbarini Legate from the Pope arrived in France and came to Marseilles where he was received with great honour 〈◊〉 also at Lions according to the Orders sent by the King He came to Paris on May 21. and entred in great pomp He is bound by the Laws of the Kingdom before he officiate the Function of a Legate to present the Brief which the Pope hath given him for the employment to the Parliament of Paris The Pope having omitted in this Brief to give the King the title of King of Navarre the Parliament refused to acknowledge it and obliged him not to proceed any further in the business till that were amended The Legate coming to Paris alighted at St. James de Haut-pas where the Clergy of the City the concourse of the Court and other Officers to the number of twelve thousand went to salute him and receive his Benediction After this the Prelates of Paris came to pay their respects to him There was a little dispute in what habit they should appear before him the Legate desiring they should be in their Rochets and Camall covered over with a Mantlet as a mark that they had no power in
they saved his Life at Tours and delivered him from extream danger And in the Year 1617. they had the Testimony of their fidelity from their own King Lewes XIII written to their Deputies assembled in a Synod at Vitre in these terms We have received with good satisfaction the new assurances and protestations which you have made unto us of your fidelity obedience in the which if you persist as ye ought and as ye have done before you may also be assured that we shall always have a care to maintain and preserve you in all the advantages which have been granted unto you A Reverend Divine on the Revelation speaking of the French Churches saith God hath made the Church of France a wonder to me in his proceeding toward them from first to last and therefore to me great and special honour would seem to be reserved for them yet at the last For the first light of the Gospel the first and second Angels preaching Rev. 14. which laid the Foundation of Antichrist's ruine was from them namely those of Lyons and other places in France and they bare the heat of persecution which was as great as any since if not greater Moreover the Churches of France have ever since had as great a share in persecutions yea greater than any of the Protestant Churches And although it be well nigh five hundred years since they began to separate first from Antichrist yet they never had the great honour and priviledge which other Churches have been so blest with as to have a supream Magistrate professing their Religion except one who also continued not therein Pareus in his Commentary on the Revelation writing concerning the destruction of Rome Paraei Com. in 17. Apoc. Vis 6. inserts a Prophecy taken out of an Antient Manuscript found in the house of Salezianus and a little before his writing on that Chapter sent unto him which is as followeth Ex Natione Illustrissimi Lilii orietur Rexquidam c. There shall arise a King out of the Nation of the most illustrious Lily viz. France having a long forehead high brows great eyes and an Eagle's nose He shall gather a great Army and destroy all the Tyrants of his Kingdom and slay all that fly and hide themselves in the Mountains and Caves from his face For Righteousness shall be joyned unto him as the Bridegroom to the Bride with them He shall wage War even to the fortyeth year bringing into subjection the Islanders Spaniards and Italians Rome and Florence he shall destroy and burn with fire so as salt may be sowed on that Land The greatest Clergy who have invaded St. Peter's seat he shall put to death and in the same year obtain a double Crown and at last going over Sea with a great Army he shall enter Greece and be named King of the Greeks The Turks and Barbarians he shall subdue making an Edict That every one shall dye the death that worshippeth not the crucified one and none shall be found able to resist him because an holy Arm from the Lord shall always be with him and He shall possess the Dominion of the Earth These things being done he shall be called The rest of Holy Christians Thus far the Prophecy which every one may credit so far as it likes him saith my Authour There is another common Prophecy viz. That from the Carolingians that is of the race of Charlemaigne and Blood-Royal shall arise an Emperour of France by name Charles who shall be a great Monarch and shall reform the Church and State He that is curious to see this Prophecy may find it among the vulgar Revelations Whether this Prophecy hath any weight in it I refer my self to other Mens Judgements When God hath appointed it to be done he will touch their hearts that shall do it W. G. THE Ecclesiastical HISTORY OF FRANCE Century I. BEing about to write the History of the Gallican Church Ephr. Pagit Christianogr I shall begin with the first Plantation of the Gospel in France Some Writers tell us that Philip the Apostle of the City of Bethsaida first preached the Gospel in France and having afterwards preached in Phrygia he was honourably buried with his Daughters at Hierapolis Others say Heylin's Cosmogr Lib. 1. that the Christian Faith was first planted among the Gauls by some of St. Peter's Disciples sent thither by him at his first coming to Rome Xystus Fronto and Julianus the first Pastors of Rhemes Peregort and Mantz being said to be of his Ordaining in the Martyrologies The like may be affirmed but on surer grounds of Trophimus said to be the first pastor or Bishop of Arles For afterwards in a controversie betwixt the Archbishops of Vienna in France and Arles for the Dignity of Metropolitan in the time of Pope Leo the first it was thus pleaded in behalf of the Bishop of Arles Quod prima inter Gallias c. That Arles of all the Cities of Gaul did first obtain the happiness of having Trophimus ordained Bishop thereof by the hands of St. Peter Trophimus was a partaker with St. Paul in all his afflictions and his daily companion Zosimus writeth that out of his Spiritual Fountain all the Rivers and Brooks of France were filled Neither is St. Paul to be denied the honour of sending some of his Disciples thither also to preach the Gospel Euseb Eccles Hist Lib. 3. cap. 4. Crescens a companion of St. Paul mentioned by him in his second Epistle unto Timothy is said to have departed into Galatia 2 Tim. 4.10 which Eusebius saith was France That he was the first Bishop of Vienna forementioned not only the Martyrologies but also Ado Viennensis an ancient Writer of that Church doth expresly say And that it was into this Countrey that he sent Crescens at that time and not into Galatia in Asia Minor the testimonies of Epiphanius and Theodoret Doroth. de LXX Discip which affirm the same may sufficiently confirm Dorotheus saith that Crescens preached the Gospel in France and was there martyred and buried in the time of Trajan the Emperour In the History of Lazarus and Maximinus we find that they with Mary Magdalen and her sister Martha came to Marseilles Maximinus was one of the seventy Disciples of Christ as divers Authors tell us The French Antiquities tell us That after the Ascension of our Lord Anno 14. the Jews raised so horrible a persecution against the Christians that the most part fled whither they could That Maximinus accompanied with Lazarus took Mary Magdalen Martha Marcella her handmaid and some others and committing themselves to the Sea to avoid the fury of the Jews they arrive at Marseilles where the Prince of Marseilles was baptized Lazarus became first Pastor of Marseilles and Maximinus of Aquens They were ordained to those Churches in the Year of Christ 46. in which Year these Authors tell us that Simon the Leper whom our Saviour cured of that infirmity was Ordained to be Minister of
battel But Charles Martel getting out of prison assisteth Plectrude gathereth Forces and overcometh the new King and Rainfroy Charles is now received and installed Major of France and having assured himself of the Children of King Dagobert he caused them to be gently brought up in a Monastery At Colen he seizeth on Plectrude and Thibauld and inflicts no other punishment upon them but enjoyns them to live quiet and to attempt nothing without his liking He pardons Rainfroy and gives him the Government of Anjou He degradeth Chilperic being advanced against Law and causeth the eldest Son of Dagobert to be chosen King named Chilperic the third Chilperic dies having reigned five years and in his place his Brother Thierri was crowned King He reigned ten years and dying left his Son Childerick the last King of this first race of the Merovingiens Charles Martel from Major of the Palace is chosen Duke or Prince of the French Eudo Prince of the Gascoigus to whom Rainfroy joyned himself called in the Saracens with their King Abdiram out of Spain Anno 725. whom Charles met and killed them with an universal slaughter there were slain in one day three hundred seventy and five thousand and of the French fifteen hundred among which were many of the Nobility and men of Note And having recovered Burgundy and Lions in the year following Eudo dying he invaded Aquitain and overthrew the Saracens in great numbers invading France in the year 731 and regained Avignon taken by them and forceth them to abandon Narbon and the whole Country to his mercy At that time divers devout Monks lived in France viz. Vandegrisil of Fontinel a builder of Monasteries of whom Sigebert makes mention Vrsmar of Lobia a Founder of a Monastery Bertine Abbot of Sithiena and holy Aegidius Childeric was King in shew nine years Anno 744. Pepin in the time of King Childeric called a Council at Soissons where he assisted in person together with the greatest Peers of the Land five under the Authority of Charles Martel and four under Pepin the Son of Charles who dispossessed him Charles Martel having governed the Kingdom five and twenty years dieth He had four Sons Carloman Pepin Giles and Grypho Giles was made Bishop of Rhotomagum and left his Government assigned him by his Father unto Carloman and Pepin and they two divide the Kingdom and Govern each one his own part under the Title of their Father as is apparent by the first words of the Council under Carloman In the Name of our Lord Jesus Christ I Carloman Duke and Prince of the French in the year from the incarnation of Christ 742. on the 11th of the Kalends of March by the advice of the servants of God and of my Nobes I have Assembled the Bishops in my Kingdom c. Within seven years after this Synod he laid aside his Princely Authority saith Bellarmine and entred into a Cloyster becomes a Monk and so dieth at Vienna and then all the Authority was in Pepin alone Grypho had rebelled against Carloman but at last Pepin took him in Italy and caused him to be beheaded Anno 753. Pepin having the Government alone aimed at an higher Title Blondus and others who have written the Acts of the French Blond dec 14. Lib. 10. say that the Nobility and Commonalty of that Nation duly considering the worthiness of Pepin and sottishness of Childeric consulted with Zachary Bishop of Rome whether they should tolerate so foolish a King any longer and defraud Pepin of his deserved Princely honour And when the Pope answered That he was most worthy to be a King who could best discharge the Office of a King Petrie's Church-Hist Cent. 8. the French with the publick consent of the whole Nation did pronounce Pepin for their King and Childerick was shaven and made a Monk Then the Pope wrote unto Boniface Bishop of Mentz to Anoint Pepin King of France and declare all his Subjects free from their Oath of Allegiance unto their lazy Soveraign The Pope was chiefly moved hereunto with hope to draw help from Pepin against the Lumbards Concil apud Palat Vernes his mortal enemies Pepin Anno 755. called almost all the Gallican Bishops to meet at the Council of Vernes the Palace About this time Aponius a French man wrote several Books In the Council called by Carloman of which I hinted before he beginneth thus I Carloman c. have Assembled the Bishops which are in my Kingdom with the Priests into a Council and Synod These are Boniface Arch-Bishop of Mentz Burchard of Wirtzburg Reginfrid Guntharius with the rest of the Bishops and their Priests That they should give me Counsel how the Law of God and Religion of the Church may be restored which in the dayes of former Princes hath been shattered and fallen and how Christian People may attain the salvation of their souls and not perish being deceived by false Priests And by the advice of my Priests and Nobles We have Ordained Bishops through Cities and set over them the Arch-Bishop Boniface who is the Legate of St. Peter And we have Ordained that Synods should be called every year Concil Tom. 2. Edit Crab. that in our presence the Decrees of Canons Rites and Laws of the Church may be restored And we restore unto the Churches the Monies that have been taken from them We have also discharged all the Servants of God from hunting and wandring in woods with Dogs and that they have no Hawks nor Faulcons We have also Decreed according to the Holy Canons That each Presbyter dwelling in a Parish be subject unto the Bishop where he dwelleth and that alwayes in Lent he give an account of his Ministry whether of Baptism or Catholick Faith and prayers and order of Masses Then he forbiddeth sacrifice to the dead and other profane Rites of the Heathen He appointeth punishments against the Fornications and Adulteries of Monks It was also decreed that Monks and Nuns should live within their Abbies and Cloysters according to the Rule of their Father Benedict Pope Stephen confirmed Pepin and his Heirs for Kings of France and of him asked aid to withstand the Power of Aistulphus then King of Lombardy who then had exacted Tribute from certain Lands belonging to the Bishop of Rome and because it was refused took up Arms. The Pope wrote a Letter directed to the Kings of France and to all Bishops Abbots Priests and Monks and to the Glorious Dukes and Counts and unto the whole Army of the Kingdom of France Stephen Pope and all the Bishops Priests and Deacons Dukes Counts People and Army of the Romans all being in anguish with how doleful and bitter grief we are encompassed on every side with how great perplexity and doubtfulness we are distressed and how many tears our eyes do shed because of the continual troubles which are multiplyed upon us we think that the smallest part of all the elements do declare for who beholding our
John King of England lost all his holds and possessions in Normandy through the force of the French King The Pope had Excommunicated King John not only for the paricide of his Nephew Arthur but also for the ill usage of his Clergy King John sends confiding men in all hast to Pope Innocent IV. beseeching him to protect him against the King of France promising thereupon to bind the Realm of England and Seigniory of Ireland to hold of him and his successours and in sign of obedience to pay him a yearly tribute of a thousand marks of silver Innocent sends his Legat presently to absolve him to pass the contract and receive the homages of Fealty as well of himself as of his Subjects John is absolved and having laid down his Crown Scepter Cloak Sword and Ring at the Legats feet he doth him homage for the Realm of England kissing his Feet as his Tributary and binds the English to the like duty by a solemn Oath He was willing also to discharge what he had taken from his Clergy This was done Anno 1215. Then the Legat returning into France requireth Philip in the Pope's name that he should suffer John to enjoy his Realm of England in peace and freely to possess the Lands which he held by homage of the Crown of France Moreover that he should satisfie the great complaints which the Clergy of his Realm had made against him restoring that which he had exacted from them during the Wars upon pain of Excommunication if he did not obey presently Philip promiseth to submit himself and before the Legat's departure he frees the Clergy of his Realm of the Tenths which he had exacted for the charge of the Wars according to the decree of a National Council held at Soissons King John being freed by the Pope and pressed by him to perform his command oppresseth his Subjects by extraordinary impositions and Tyrannical exactions The English Nobility therefore reject John and offer the Realm to King Philip who sendeth his Son Lewes giving him a train fit for his person in so great an exploit Lewes having taken Hostages of the English for assurance of their Faith passeth into England and so to London Math. Westm Il. 2. sub anno 1215. where he is joyfully received In the mean time complaints come to Philip from Pope Innocent who in a general Council held at Rome did Excommunicate Lewes the eldest Son of Philip Augustus with all his adherents King John dyeth and the English receive Henry the Son of John and dismiss Lewes of France King Philip instituted the Provost of Merchants and the Sheriffs at Paris for the politick Government thereof he caused the City to be paved being before very noisome by reason of the mire and dirt he built the Halls and the Louvre He Walled in Bois de Vincennes and replenished it with Dear and other Wild Beasts he finished that sumptuous building of our Ladies Church In his Testament he ordained many notable things he left towards the winning the City of Jerusalem III. C. M. pounds of Paris Money to the Hospital in Mountfort one C. M. pounds and to be distributed among the poor Commons of his Land he gave XX. M. pounds But a pound of Paris Money was then but two shillings six pence sterling King Philip dyed and was buried with great pomp in the Monastery of St. Dennis Anno 1223. and Lewes VIII his Son succeeded him who was crowned at Rhemes Pope Innocent III. having gathered together an Army of one hundred thousand pilgrims set forward for the final extirpation of the poor Albigenses The best Champions for the Pope herein were the Duke of Burgundy the Earls of Nevers St. Paul Auxerre Geneva Poictiers with Simon Earl of Montfort Of the Clergy Milo the Pope's Legat the Arch-Bishops of Sens and Rovan the Bishops of Clermont Nevers Lysieux Bayeux Chartres with divers others every Bishop with the Pilgrims of his jurisdiction to whom the Pope promised Paradice in Heaven but not one penny on Earth Their work was to destroy the Albigenses which were in great numbers in Daulphinè Tho. Fullers holy War li. 3. ca. 21. Provence Narbon Tholouse and other parts of France Their commission also extended to the rooting out of all their friends and favourers whether detected or only suspected such as were Reimund Earl of Tholouse Reymund Earl of Foix the Vice-Count of Besiers Gaston Lord of Bern the Earl of Bigorre the Lady of la Vaur with divers others The first piece of service these Souldiers performed was in sacking the City of Besiers and Burrough of Carcassone in which many of the Papists dwelt and promiscuously were slain with the Albigenses Yea Priests themselves were cut in pieces in their Priestly Ornaments and under the banner of the Cross As for the City of Carcassone which was not far from the Burrough whilst the City was besieged they escaped out by the benefit of a Vault under-ground and so shifted abroad for themselves Hitherto this War was managed by the Pope's Legat. Simon Earl of Montfort is now chosen Captain of this Army who swears to vex the Lord's enemies After he was seized of the Vice-County of Besiers he took many other Castles and Cities When the Quarantine or forty days service of this Army was expired the time the Pope set them to merit Paradice in they would not stay any longer but ran away And though the Bishops perswaded some few to stay yet could they little prevail which was no small advantage to the Albigenses The Earls of Tholouse Foix and Comminge and Prince of Bern sheltred themselves under Peter King of Arragon whose homagers they were receiving investiture from him though their Dominions lay on this side the Pyrenean Hills This King suspected the greatness of the Earl of Montfort therefore he fomented a faction in them against the Holy Army he charged Earl Simon for seizing on the Lands of good Catholicks for supposed Hereticks and complained that the Vice-Count of Besiers who lived and dyed firm in the Romish Faith was lately trained into the Legat's hand and against Oaths and promises of his safe return was kept Prisoner till his death and his Lands seized on by Earl Simon A pitcht Battle was fought near the Castle of Moret where the King of Arragon being wounded to death fell from his Horse and immediately his Army ran all away Simon pursued them to the Gates of Tholouse and killed many thousands The Fryars imputed this Victory to the Bishop's Benediction and adoring a piece of the Cross together with the fervency of the Clergyes prayers that remained behind in the Castle of Moret Yet within few years the face of this War began to alter for young Reimund Earl of Tholouse exceeding his Father in valour and success so bestirred himself that in few months he regained what Earl Simon was many years in getting And at last Earl Simon besieging Tholouse with a stone which a Woman let fly out of an
Engine had his Head parted from his body Some conceived they saw God's finger in the Womans hand that because the greater part of his cruelty lighted on the weaker Sex for he had buried the Lady La Vaur alive respecting neither her Sex nor Nobility a Woman was chosen out to be his Executioner He dyed even then when the Pope and three Councils of Vaur Lateran and Montpelier had pronounced him Son Servant favourite of the Faith the invincible defender thereof Among other of his stiles he was Earl of Leicester in England and Father to Simon Montfort the Cataline of this Kingdom See Camden in Leicester-shire also in Worcester-shire who under pretence of curing this Land of some grievances had killed it with his Physick had he not been killed himself in the battle of Evesham in the Reign of King Henry the third Here ended the storm of open War against the Albigenses though some great drops fell afterward And the Pope grew sensible of many mischiefs in prosecuting this people with the Holy War Perin de Albigensib li. 2. ca. 4. Three hundred thousand of these croised Pilgrims lost their lives in this expedition within the space of fifteen years so that there was neither City nor Village in France but by reason hereof had Widows and Orphans cursing this expedition The Pope therefore now resolves upon a privater way namely to prosecute them by way of Inquisition The chief promoter of that War was Dominick the Authour of the Order of the Dominicans His Mother being with child of him dreamed that she had a dog vomiting fire in her Womb. Du. Moul. Contr Perron l. 7. This ignivomus Cur as one calleth him did bark at and deeply bite the poor Albigenses who put above two hundred thousand of them to death Almerick for his laziness was deposed by the Pope and John Bren was made King of Jerusalem In the beginning of his Reign this accident fell out In France a Boy for his years went about singing in his own Tongue Jesus Lord repair our loss Restore to us thy Holy Cross Numberless Children ran after him and followed the same tune their Captain and chanter did set them No bolts no bars no fear of Fathers nor love of Mothers could hold them back but they would to the Holy Land to work wonders there but this merry musick had a sad close all either perishing on Land Math. Paris p. 324. or being drown'd by Sea Mathew Paris saith it was done by the instinct of the Devil King Lewes VIII having compounded with Almery the Son of Simon Earl of Montfort for Languedoc resolves to unite this rich Province to the Crown To this end he levies a great Army fortified with cruel Edicts against the Albigenses as Hereticks and Rebels Count Reymund submits himself to Pope Honorius and yieldeth to Lewes and perswades the Earl of Cominges to the like obedience Thus both of them abandon the people and go to Rome leaving the poor Albigenses to the mercy of Lewes who presently subdues all Languedoc and Provence The House of Montlor one of the greatest in the County of Vivaret having followed the Albigenses party makes his peace by means of the Town of Argentiere given to the Bishop of Viviers who enjoyeth it to this day Many Families were made desolate These poor miserable people were dispersed here and there and such as remained in the Country were forced to acknowledge the Pope's Authority Lewes ordered the Marshal Foy of the house of Mirepois to command his Forces leaving the Lord of Beaujeu for Governour and Lieutenant-General of Languedoc All this mischief was contrived by the Pope who had sent his Legat into France Fox Act. monum Vol. 1. to summon a Council at Biture whither the King with six Arch-Bishops and the Bishops and Suffragans of nine Provinces repaired to the number of an hundred besides the Abbots Priors and Proctors of all the Covents of France Having dispatch'd the business of Earl Reymund and the Albigenses the event whereof hath been before declared Romanus the Pope's Legate gave leave to all Proctors of Covents and Chapters to return home only retaining with him the Arch-Bishops Bishops Abbots to whom he opened another part of his Commission which was to obtain of every Cathedral Church two Prebend-ships one for the Bishop the other for the Chapter And in Monasteries also after the like sort where the Abbot and Covent had divers and several portions to require two Churches one for the Abbot the other for the Covent keeping this proportion that how much should suffice for the living of one Monk so much the whole Covent should find for their part and as much the Abbot for his likewise The Clergy of France answered that the thing he enterprized could not be brought to effect without great offence taken and inestimable damage to the Church of France In conclusion when the matter came to debating with the Legat the objections of the inferiour Clergy were these following 1. They alledged the great damages and expences Math. Paris which they were like to sustain thereby by reason of the continual procurators of the Pope which in every Diocess must live not of their own but must be sustained upon the charges of the Cathredral Churches and other Churches also and many times they being but procurators will be found as Legats 2. By that means they said great perturbations might ensue to the Covents and Chapters of Cathedral Churches in their elections Forasmuch as the Pope's Agents and Factors being in every Cathedral Church and Chapter-house perchance the Pope would command him in his person to be present at their elections and so might trouble the same by delaying and deferring till it might fall to the Court of Rome to give and so should be placed more of the Pope's Clientele in the Churches of France than of the proper Inhabitants of the Land 3. By this means they affirmed that all they in the Court of Rome should be richer and receive more for their proportion than the King of the Realm by means whereof the Court of Rome would delay and drive off great suits and would scarce take any pains with small causes Thus would Justice be turned aside and poor suitors should dye at the gates of Rome and for the better speeding of their causes they thought seeing it was meet they should have friends in the Court of Rome by keeping them needy their gifts might be the sweeter and their causes sooner dispatched 4. Seeing it is impossible that the Fountain of greedy desires should be stopped it was to be feared that either they would do that by others which they were wont to do by themselves or else they should be enforced to give greater rewards than before for small gifts with great Rich Men are little regarded 5. Whereas the removing away the slander was alledged which goeth on the Court of Rome by this means rather the contrary were to be
but also all those of Milan that were taken with him The City of Milan which had revolted from the French sent speedy Ambassadours to the Cardinal D' Amboise to solicit for pardon He received them into grace and pardoned the Rebellion in the name of the King but under this bond to pay three hundred thousand Ducats of the which the King afterwards discharged them in a great part He pardoned also other Towns that had rebelled which he taxed according to their Quality making the Victory profitable and the transgressions of the Offenders an increase of the King's Treasure Ludovicus Sforza Duke of Milan was carried to Lyons where the King was at that time and entring the Town at noon-day Guicciardin's Hist li. 4. multitudes of people flocked to see a Prince who from such greatness and Majesty was fallen into so great a misery And not obtaining leave to be brought into the King's presence which he much desired he was conveyed within two days after to the Tower of Loches wherein he remained prisoner ten years even to the end of his Life The Cardinal Ascanius followed him a little after but he was both received with more honour and humanity and gratiously visited by the Cardinal D' Amboise by whose intercession he was sent to the great Tower at Bourges a prison more honourable wherein the King that sent him had before been restrained two years in captivity Pope Alexander VI. being dead Anno 1503. Pius III. was chosen but he dyed within 27. days Then was Julius II. chosen a Man froward cruel factious and turbulent Anno 1506. the French King albeit the year before he was much discontented with the Pope for that he had disposed and inducted the Benefices which were void by the death of Cardinal Ascanius and others in the Dutchy of Milan without his participation and for that also in the creation of other Cardinals he had refused to call the Bishop of Achz Nephew to the Cardinal D' Amboise and the Bishop of Baieux Nephew to Monsieur Trimoville being earnestly solicited by the King who in those regards had caused to be sequestred the fruits of the Benefices which the Cardinal S. P. ad Vincula and others of the Pope's Amity possessed in the State of Milan Yet the King on the other side judged it necessary to re-enter into reconcilement with the Pope to whom after he had released all the sequestrations he sent the Bishop of Sisteron the Pope's Nuncio to negotiate with him many plots against the Venetians to whom he knew the Pope could not but continue to bear an ill will for the desire he had to recover the towns of Romania The Bishop of Sisteron being received and heard with gladness agreeable to the nature of his desire was dispatched and sent back again with diligence to solicit between them a re-union and amity wherein the better to dispose the mind of the King and the Cardinal D' Amboise he promised by writ which the said Nuncio carried with him the Dignity of Cardinal to the Bishops of Achz and Baieux Yet notwithstanding in so great an heat of forwardness he entred oftentimes into many doubts and difficulties either for a certain hate he had conceived against the French King at such time as himself fled into France to avoid the trains laid for him by Pope Alexander or for that it much discontented him to be as it were drawn by compulsion by the power and importunity of the French King to transfer to the Cardinal D' Amboise the Legation of the Kingdom of France or lastly for that he suspected lest the said Cardinal who aspired to the Popedom not having patience to tarry for his Death would seek to climb up to it by ways sinister and extraordinary These things made him often to waver in his Resolutions determining not wholly to joyn with the French King and yet without his conjunction he knew it was impossible that at that time any thing of consequence should succeed with him Pope Julius resolves to recover Bolognia by force of Arms for a hatred newly kindled against John Bentivoglo because in the time of his adversity when he durst not abide in Rome and seeking safety in Cento a Town of his Bishoprick in Bolognia he was driven to flee away by night hearing a bruit published that he should be apprehended prisoner at the instance of Pope Alexander The Pope took Cesena and Forolivio from Caesar Borgia the Son of Pope Alexander VI. He expelled the Family of Bentivogli out of Bononia he excommunicated the Venetians and gave their Lands to the first that could take them King Lewes XII overthrew the Venetians at Abdua and albeit he gave the greatest part of his purchase unto Julius yet he envyeth the prosperity of Lewes and combined again with the Venetians to expell him out of Italy Anno 1510. died the Cardinal D' Amboise Uncle to the Lord of Chaumont a man of a great spirit and well experienced in affairs but with the service of his Master he did not forget the content of his own private ambition The Pope reneweth the War against those of Ferrara and seeing himself unable to prevail with his Temporal Forces he excommunicates Alphonso of Este and all those who were or should come to his succour namely Charles of Amboise with all the chief of the French Army De Serres Hist This furious course made King Lewes to assemble all the Prelates of his Realm at Tours with the most famous Doctors of all his Universities as well in Divinity as in the Civil and Canon Laws who resolve upon eight notable conclusions against the Pope Eight conclusions made by the French against the Pope at Tours 1. That it was not lawful for the Pope to assail any Temporal Princes by force in their Territories not belonging to the Church 2. That it was lawful for any such Prince for the defence of his Subjects and Countrey not only to repel this injury by force but also to invade the Territories of the Church possessed by any such Pope not with an intent to hold them but to the end the Pope being dispossessed thereof he should have no more means to molest his Estate seeing the Pope had through the aid of the said Prince recovered the same Lands usurped before by certain Tyrants 3. That for so manifest a wrong and unjust attempt any such Prince might withdraw himself from the Pope's obedience for the defence of his Temporal Estate seeing he had stirred up many other Princes and Common-weals to invade the Dominions of the said Prince who deserved reward and love from the Apostolical See 4. That this substraction being made they should observe in France the common and Antient Law and the Pragmatick Sanction enacted at the Council of Basil 5. That any such Prince might by force defend another Prince his confederate and of whom he had lawfully taken the protection for those Seigneuries which he had long enjoyed with a just
tribulations will not mourn who hearing of our calamities will not lament Affliction is on every side and we know not what to do O ye Christians behold the dayes of trouble the dayes of mourning and bitterness are come upon us It is come as we feared from the Lombards for we are afflicted distressed and besieged on every side by their most ungodly King Aistulph and that Nation Therefore with the Prophet we pray the Lord saying Help us O God of our Salvation and for the honour of thy Name deliver us c. And now because Aistulphus with an Army hath pitched his Tents and encamped against us and hath often said unto us Open unto me the Gate of Salaria that I may enter into your City and give me your High Priest and I will shew Clemency unto you If not beware lest when I have battered down your walls I kill you altogether with the sword and let me see who can deliver you out of mine hand Wherefore our Beloved I beseech you and as if I were present I adjure you by the mysteries before the true and living God and before St. Peter the Prince of the Apostles that with great speed you help us lest we perish seeing under God we have committed all our lives into your hands forsake us not After this the Pope sent another Letter in the Name of St. Peter A Letter sent in the name of St. Peter as if it had been written from Heaven which beginneth thus Peter called an Apostle Grace Peace and Power to deliver the Holy Church of God and the People of Rome committed to me from the hands of their enemies be fully given from the Lord God unto you most excellent men Pepin c. and to the most holy Bishops Abbots Presbyters and all Religious Monks c. I Peter the Apostle of God who have you my adopted Children to deliver from the enemies hand this Roman City and the people committed of God unto me provoking all your Love do exhort and protesting do admonish you to deliver the Church of God which by Divine Power is commended to me seeing they suffer very great afflictions and oppression by the most wicked Nation of the Lombards Think not otherwise but certainly believe it that I my self am standing alive in the flesh before you and our Lady the Mother of God the Virgin Mary with us doth adjure you with the greatest Obligations and Protesteth Admonisheth and Commandeth c. Behold here with what fooleries and impieties they would bewitch the world But Pepin did not leavy an Army until Pope Stephen came into France And when he took his journey he commended himself to St. Mary and his flock unto St. Peter Pepin hearing of his coming sent his Son Charles an hundred miles to meet him and when he came within three leagues of Carisiac Pepin went forth unto him and returned on foot and the Pope on horseback Then Pepin was crowned again by the Pope for the greater pomp Pepin went into Italy and forceth Aistulph to give hostages to render unto the Pope all due Right But after the return of Pepin into France Aistulph with new Forces doth more mischief to Rome Then Pope Stephen wrote another Supplication to Pepin who made no delay but forceth Aistulph to perform the former conditions and to give unto the Pope the exarchate of Ravenna Within a year Aistulph dieth then a division ariseth between Rachis and Desiderius for the Kingdom Then Stephen wrote his fourth Epistle unto Pepin giving him thanks for his aid wishing many blessings unto him and shewing that Aistulph was stricken by the hand of God and drowned in the bottom of Hell and that by the hands of Peter Prince of the Apostles and by thy most powerful arm speaking unto Pepin Desiderius a most mild man was Ordained King of the Lombards who had sworn to restore unto St. Peter the Cities Faventia Insubres and Ferrara with all their Territories and also Ausimo Ancona Humana Bona with all their Territories and he had sworn to keep peace with the Church of St. Peter and to be Loyal unto the Crown of France and entreated Pepin to approve the Coronation of Desiderius upon these conditions Henceforth the Pope began to lift up his head and having large Territories given unto him will not rest until he be Monarch of the world When Stephen had peace he began to repair the Churches which Aistulph had caused to be thrown down and died in the sixth year of his Papacy Fabian's Chroni Part. 6. Then Gaifer Duke of Guienne imposed a Tribute upon the Lands of the Clergy in his Dukedom without their consent wherefore the Bishops for a redress complained unto King Pepin thereof Pepin reproved the Duke for it but the Duke not regarding the Kings Admonition Pepin soon after with an Army entred the Territory of Guienne wasting and spoiling the Countrey Hereupon the Duke hearkened to him and bound himself to restore unto the Clergy what he had extorted from them But the King being returned into France the Duke gathering Forces together sent them to the City of Chalours in Burgundy and did much hurt to that Town and Countrey The King being sorely discontented at it returned with his People into Guien and therein beat down many strong holds and Castles and took or won Burbon Cancarvile and Cleremont and wasted the Country with fire and sword till he came to Limoges The winter coming on the King having strengthened the foresaid Cities Towns and strong Holds that he had won and then rode to a place called Caus there kept his Christmass and Easter In the next Spring he re-entred the foresaid Dutchy and took by force the Cities of Bourges and Tours The People of that Countrey considering the obstinacy of their Duke murthered the said Duke and after yielded themselves and their Country to the King with all such Treasure and Jewels as to the said Duke belonged whereof King Pepin offered a great part unto St. Denis Then this victorious Prince was vexed with grievous sickness wherefore in all hast he sped him to St. Martin's where he made certain Prayers and Oblations And from thence his sickness increasing he was conveyed unto Paris where he shortly after died when he had reigned as King there by the space of eighteen years After the death of Pepin the Estates of France Assemble and by their consents Charles and Carloman his Sons divide the Realm between them by equal portions Charles was Crowned at Wormes Carloman at Soissons But by the death of Carloman the whole Realm came to Charles within three years after the death of his Father Charles was endued with singular gifts both of body and mind he had the instructions of a virtuous Conversation and was bred up in Learning and Arms He was Religious and reverenced the Churches and Pastors he was a great Justitiary a reliever of the poor and kept his Faith both to friend and foe he was a lover of
with augmentation if need require for eschewing of perjuries false testimonies and many other inconveniences Of the Council of Tours In the same Year 813 at the Commandment of the Emperour Charles the Great a Council of many Bishops and Abbots was Assembled there about establishing Ecclesiastical Discipline 1. In the first Canon all men are admonished to be obedient to the Emperour Charles and to keep the Oath of Allegiance made unto him and to make prayers for his prosperity 2. All Bishops shall frequently read all the Books of holy Scripture together with the Books of Ancient Fathers written thereupon 3. It is not lawful for any Bishop to be ignorant of the Canons of the Church and of the Pastoral Book of Gregory 4. Let every Bishop feed the Flock committed to him not only with Doctrine but also with an holy Example 5. That a Bishop be content with a moderate diet that holy Lectures be read at his Table rather than the idle words of Parasites 6. Let strangers and poor people be at Bishops Tables whom they may refresh both with corporal and spiritual repast 7. That the delicate pleasure of the eye and ear be eschewed lest the mind be enchanted therewith 8. Let not the Lords Servants delight in vain jesting nor in hunting and hawking 9. Let Presbyters and Deacons follow the footsteps of their Bishops in leading a pious life 10. Let Bishops take care of the poor and faithfully dispense Church-goods 11. That Bishops may with consent of Presbyters and Deacons bestow somewhat out of the Church-treasure to support needy people of that same Church 12. A Presbyter is not to be Ordained till he is thirty years old 13. Let the Bishop see that in his own Parish Church no Presbyter coming from any other parts do Service in his Church without Letters of Recommendation 14. Let a Presbyter leaving a low place and presuming to an higher incurr that same punishment which a Bishop taken in the like fault should incurr 15. A Presbyter who getteth a Church by giving money for it let him be deposed 16. Let Tithes bestowed upon Churches by advice of Bishops be faithfully distributed to the poor by the Presbyters 17. The Families of the Bishops shall be instructed in the summ of the true Faith in the knowledge of the retribution to be given to good men and the condemnation of evil people and of the resurrection and last judgement c. 18. That the Bishop instruct his Presbyters concerning the Sacrament of Baptism what it is they should desire the baptized people to renounce 19. That Presbyters when they say Mass and do communicate do not distribute the Lord's body indiscreetly to children and to all persons who happen to be present c. Then Reader take notice that private Masses had no place in those dayes but they who were duly prepared did communicate with the Priest 20. Presbyters shall not suffer the holy Chrism to be touched by any man 21. Presbyters shall not haunt Taverns 22. Bishops and Presbyters shall prescribe to sinners who have confessed their sins penance discreetly according to the nature of their fault 23. Chanons who dwell in one City shall eat in one Cloyster and sleep under one roof that they may be ready to Celebrate their Canonical hours 24. From the 24 to the 32 Canon are Constitutions concerning Monks and Nuns which I overpass with silence 32. All Christians are exhorted to peace and concord 33. Lords and Judges should hearken to the good admonitions of their Bishops and Bishops on the other side should reverently regard them 34. Lords and Judges are not to admit vile persons to bear witness in their Judicatories 35. Let no man for his Decree receive a reward 36. Let every one be careful to support indigent persons of his own kindred 37. That Christians do bow their knees in prayer except upon the Lord's Day and other Solemn dayes on the which the Universal Church keepeth a memorial of the Lord's Resurrection At such times they use to stand and pray 38. That none enter into the Church with noise and tumult and in time of prayer and celebration of the Mass not to be busied in vain confabulations but even to abstain from idle thoughts 39. Let not the Consistories of Secular Judges be in the Church or porches thereof in any time to come because the House of God should be an house of prayer 40. That Merchandize be forbidden on the Lord's Day that the whole day be spent in God's service 41. That paricides murtherers and incestuous persons be reduced to Order by the discipline of the secular power 42. That all people abstain from Magical Arts which are the deceitfull snares of the Devil 43. A frequent custom of swearing is forbidden 44. That the causes of many Free Subjects brought to poverty by oppression be examined by the Emperour 45. That false weights and measures are an abomination to the Lord. 46. The 46 Canon bewaileth that Tithes were not duly paid to the Church shewing the ill effects thereof 47. When general Fastings are appointed for any impendent Calamity let no man neglect the fellowship of the humble Church c. 48. Drunkenness and surfeiting are forbidden c. 49. Lords and Masters are to be admonished not to deal cruelly with their subjects yea and not to seek that which is due unto themselves with excessive rigour 50. Let Laick people communicate at least thrice in a year unless they be hindered by some great sins committed by them 51. In the last Canon mention is made that they diligently examined the cause of them who complained to the Emperour that they were dis-inherited by the donation of Lands which their Fathers and Friends had bestowed on the Church and in their bounds they found no man who did complain yet in that matter if any thing was done amiss they humbly submitted themselves to be corrected by their Soveraign Lord and King Of the Council of Chalons This Council was Convened in the same year of our Lord 813 by the Commandment of Charles the Great for the Reformation of the Ecclesiastical Estate Many of the Canons of this Council are co-incident with the Canons of the former which I shall overpass and mention only some of the other Can. 3. Let Bishops Constitute Schools wherein Learning may be encreased and men brought up in them that may be the salt of the earth to season the corrupt manners of the people and to stop the mouths of Hereticks 4. Let Church-men shew humility in word deed habit and countenance 5. Let Priests be unreproveable adorned with good manners and not given to filthy lucre 7. Bishops and Abbots who have circumvented simple men and shaven their heads and by such means do possess their goods let them be subject to Canonical or Regular Repentance 8. If Church-men lay up provision of Corn in Victualling-houses let it not be to keep them to a dearth but therewith to support the poor in a time of need
Bishops of France unto a Synod first at Rome then at Aken The Bishops answered They were not obliged to go out of their own Country At last he named Munson on the borders of France where only Gerebert appeared and boldly maintained the cause of the French Church so that the Legate Leo could do nothing without new instructions from the Pope save only that he appointed another Synod at Rhemes and in the mean time he suspends Gerebert who wrote the Apology of the French Church as his Epistle unto Wilderodon Bishop of Argentine testifieth Gerebert excelled in Learning and came afterward to the Roman Chair and called by the name of Silvester the second he was promoted to that dignity by the Emperour Otho Hugh Capet having reigned peaceably nine years died Novemb. 22. 996. leaving his Son Robert his successour a Prince wise resolute peaceable and continent he is said to have been Learned a lover of Divinity and humanity They sing Hymns of his Invention the which thus beginneth O Constantia Martyrum mirabilis the which bearing resemblance with the name of his Wife Constance he was wonderfully pleased with the humour she had to be honoured with his writings being then greatly esteemed throughout the World He preferred virtue before the prerogative of primogeniture and caused Henry his younger Son to be Crowned in his life time decreeing by his Will that his eldest Son Robert should content himself with the Dutchy of Burgundy doing homage for it to the Crown of France Century XI IN the beginning of this Century Arnold Earl of Sens Fabian's Chronic. used great Tyranny among the Bishops and Ministers of the Church Hereupon Leofricus Bishop of that See through the advice and aid of Reginald Bishop of Paris put out the said Arnold and delivered the City unto King Robert But the Brother of the said Arnold with divers of his Knights fled to the Castle and held it by force Then the King besieged the said Castle and took both it and Fromond the Brother of Arnold and sent him to Orleans where being imprisoned he dyed shortly after This Robert builded the Castle of Mountfort He founded also divers Monasteries and Temples at Orleans the Temple of St. Avian at Stamps a Church dedicated to the Virgin Mary and many other in divers places of his Realm And he endowed the Church of St. Denis with many great priviledges and had special devotion to St. Hypolite above all other Saints At this time flourished Fulbert Bishop of Chartres a very learned Man Sundry Sermons and Treatises that are amongst the works of St. Austin are said to be his He wrote an Epistle to Adeodatus wherein he first reproveth a gross opinion of some Men who held that Baptism and the Eucharist were naked signs Then he proveth that these should not be considered as meer and outward signs but by Faith according to the invisible vertue of Mysteries The Mystery of Faith it is called saith he because it should be esteemed by Faith and not by sight to be looked into spiritually not corporally the sight of Faith only beholdeth this powerful Mystery c. Then he illustrates the same by comparison of a baptized Man who albeit outwardly he be the same he was before yet inwardly he is another being made greater than himself by encrease of invisible quantity that is of saving grace c. Here is no word of substantial change of the Elements the Bread is still Bread But we find two other changes the Faithful are transposed into the body of Christ and Christ is infused into the habitation of a faithful Soul yet so that Christ 's body remaineth in the Heavens and by the Revelation of the Spirit faith beholdeth Christ present Biblioth part de e bigne Tom. 3. or lying in his Mother 's bosom and dying rising and ascending and he entreth into the gratious habitation of a faithful Communicant and many waies refresheth him Here also we see that the substance of Bread remaineih as the substance of him who is Baptized remaineth albeit inwardly he be another Some say that Fulbert composed many Songs in praise of the Virgin Mary and that he built a Temple and dedicated it unto her Historians also do feign that Fulbert being sick was visited by the Virgin Mary Hist Magdeb. Cent. 11. and that she cherished him with her own Milk O impudent forgers of lies O foolish Mortals who gave credit to such palpable lies King Robert dyed Anno 1031. His Son Henry succeeded him and reigned 33 years In his time the Realm of Burgundy had an end in the posterity of Boson and the Emperours of Germany challenged the right and title of it Robert Duke of Normandy had maintained the Hereditary love of his Father with King Henry greatly relying upon his friendship Having resolved upon a long and dangerous Voyage to the Holy-land he intreated him to take the protection of William his Bastard Son whom he had made his Heir excluding his lawful Children Robert settled his Estate before his departure appointing him good Governours and putting the strongest holds and treasure into their hands Robert dyed in this long Voyage beyond the Seas at the City of Bythinia having before his departure commanded the Lords of Normandy and sworn them and Robert Arch-Bishop of Rovan to perform their Allegiance unto his Son William and to take him for their Lord and Duke if he return not again When King Henry had settled his Land in quietness he then builded the Monastery of St. Martin called Des Champs besides Paris and set therein secular Priests King Henry after he had reigned 31 years dyed and was buried at St. Denis Anno 1046. Gregory VI. created Odilo Abbot of Cluny Arch-Bishop of Lyons sending him the Pall and the Ring which he received yet without accepting the dignity saying he would reserve it for him that should be chosen Arch-Bishop Berengarius a French-man Deacon of St. Maurice in Anjou was the Disciple of Fulbert He was the first that was accounted an Heretick for denying of Transubstantiation and troubled for the same In his days it was broached that the Bread of the Eucharist was the very body of Christ and the Wine his Blood substantially or properly Berengarius on the contrary taught that the Body of Christ is only in the Heavens and these Elements are the Sacraments of his Body and Blood Adelman Bishop of Brixia wrote unto him In the beginning he saluteth him as his holy and beloved Brother and Con-disciple under Fulbert Bishop of Chartres Then he sheweth he heard it reported that Berengarius did teach that the Body and Blood of Christ which are offered upon the Altar throughout the Earth are not the very Body and Blood of Christ but only a figure or certain similitude howbeit indeed Berengarius had said nothing so To the intent Adelman may bring his Brother from this opinion he entreateth him not to depart from the Doctrine of their Master Fulbert and of
and knees made with continual praying valiant also and excellently well seen in martial affairs After the death of Arnulph Patriarch of Jerusalem Guarimond born in France succeeded him About this time the two great orders of Templers and Teutonicks appeared in the World The former under Hugh de Paganis and Ganfred of St. Omer their first Founders They agreed in profession with the Hospitallers and performed it alike vowing poverty chastity and obedience and to defend Pilgrims coming to the Sepulchre It is falsly fathered on St. Bernard that he appointed them their rule who prescribeth not what they should do but only describeth what they did At the same time began the Teutonick Order consisting only of Dutch-men well descended living at Jerusalem in an house which one of that Nation bequeathed to his Country-men that came thither on Pilgrimage King Baldwin was afterwards taken prisoner and Eustace Grenier chosen Vice-Roy while the King was in durance stoutly defended the Countrey Baldwin a little before his death renounced the World and took on him a religious habit He dyed not long after viz. in the thirteenth year of his Reign and was buried with his predecessours in the Temple of the Sepulchre Fulco Earl of Tours Mam and Anjou coming some three years before on Pilgrimage to Jerusalem there married the King 's Daughter he was chosen the fourth King of Jerusalem He was well nigh 60 years old By his first Wife he had a Son Geoffery of Plantagenet Earl of Anjou to whom he left his Lands in France and from whom our Kings of England are descended Fulco having reigned eleven years with much care and industry Tyrius lib. 15. ca. ult was slain as he followed his sport in hunting Thomas Fuller brings him in thus speaking his Epitaph A Hare I hunted and Death hunted me The more my speed was was the worse my speed Fuller's holy War lib. 2. For as well-mounted I away did flee Death caught and kill'd me falling from my Steed Yet this mishap an happy miss I count That fell from Horse that I to Heaven might mount Baldwin the third succeeded his Father He was well learned especially in History liberal witty and facetious His mother Millesent continued a Widow and as for Children's-sake she married once so for her Children's-sake she married no more St. Bernard and she often conversed together by Letters He extolled her single Life This St. Bernard Abbot of Clarevaux or Clareval was famous in that time He often complains of the defection of the Church He sharply rebuked the vitious lives of Bishops and Abbots Yea he did not spare the Popes Bern. Ep. 42. as appeareth partly by what he wrote unto Pope Eugenius and unto Innocent the second And for his liberty in speaking against the errours of his time Epist 178. Apolog ad Willerm Abbat he was reproached so that he was constrained to publish Apologies where he saith that they called him the most miserable of Men one who presumed to judge the World and by the shadow of his baseness insult over the lights of the World And he saith there that he was like to be killed every day and was judged as a sheep for the slaughter yet nevertheless he was not afraid to speak of their vices because said he melius est ut scandalum oriatur quam veritas relinquatur It is better that a scandal should arise than truth should be relinquished Who at the beginning when the order of Monks began saith he could think that Monks would become so naughty Oh how unlike are we to those in the days of Anthony did Macarius live in such a manner did Basil teach so did Anthony ordain so did the Fathers in Egypt carry themselves so how is the light of the World become darkness how is the salt of the Earth become unsavoury I am a Lyar saith he if I have not seen an Abbot having above sixty horses in his train when ye saw them riding ye might say These were not Fathers of Monasteries but Lords of Castles not feeders of Souls bur Princes of Provinces They have carried after them their Table-Cloths Cups Basons Candlesticks and Portmantua's stuffed not with straw but ornaments of Beds scarce will any of them go four miles from his house but he must have all things with him as if he were going into a leaguer or through a Wilderness where necessaries could not be had O vanity of vanities the Walls of Churches are glorious and poor folks are in necessity Yet may it be said that Bernard was a follower of the Popes I answer yes he gave them all the Titles that others gave them but see what blows he gave them as appeareth by what he wrote to Innocentius and Eugenius he lays on them the blame of all the wickedness in the Church In rites he was carried with the sway of the times but his Doctrine was far different from the Tenets of the Church of Rome In one of his Epistles he writes thus Bern. Epist 91. ad Abbates Suess Congreg I would be in that Council where the Traditions of Men are not obstinately defended nor superstitiously observed but where they search diligently and humbly what is the good perfect and acceptable will of God thither am I carried with all my desire and there would I abide devoutly In Tract de praecept Dispens And elsewhere he saith many things were devised and ordained not because they might not be otherwise but because it was so expedient and certainly but for conserving charity therefore so long as the things do serve charity let them stand without change nor can they be changed without offence no not by the Rulers But contrarily if they be contrary unto charity in the judgement of such only unto whom it is granted to oversee is it not clearly most just that what things were devised for charity should also be omitted or intermitted for charity when it is so expedient or at least that they be changed to another thing more expedient as on the other side certainly it were unjust if these things that were ordained for charity be held against charity Let them therefore hold fast that which is immoveable The same Bernard informs us Bern. de consider ad Eugenium li. 3. that then was held a Council at Rhemes wherein the Pope was president And saith he Brethren I tell you of another Synod where the Lord God will sit in Judgement where we must all stand and there will God judge all the World Here on earth unrighteousness is shut up in a bag but in that Judgement God will judge righteously and there we must all appear whether he be a Pope or a Cardinal or an Arch-Bishop or a Bishop or poor or rich or learned or unlearned that every one may receive according to what he hath done in the body whether good or ill Moreover he said unto the Council that the Imposthume was spread through all the body of the
Church from the sole of the Foot to the Head the Bride was spoiled and even they that were called the Bridegrooms of the Church were not the friends of the Bridegroom And the Council so far took with this rebuke that some Acts were made for Reformation though no reformation followed About that time had been started that opinion concerning the Virgin Mary viz. of Universal freedom from original sin which opinion had been in the minds only of some private persons but yet was not come among the ceremonies of the Church nor into the minds of the learned About the year 1136. the Chanons of Lyons durst first bring it into the service of the Church St. Bernard flourishing at that time for piety and learning before all the Divines of that Age and so immoderate in the praises of the blessed Virgin that he calleth her the neck of the Church as if by her all Grace did flow from the Head nevertheless he sharply writeth against these Chanons that without reason and without example of former times they had brought in so dangerous a novelty He confesseth that they had matter enough to commend the blessed Virgin but such ambitious novelty which is the mother of fondness the sister of superstition and daughter of levity he saith could not please her Recentissimus est vixitque post confirmatam Episcopi Romani Tyrannidem Cham. de Oecum Pontif. Bernard dyed in the 63. year of his Age Anno 1153. From erring Bernard that frequent proverb of writers erring drew it's Original Bernardus non vidit omnia neither is it a wonder seeing he flourished in the darkest midnight as it were of Popery He is much commended by divers learned Protestants as by Bishop Morton Bishop Carleton Carlet Consens â—â—cles contr Trident. l. 6. Hist Pelag. li. ca. 21. Vossius and others He hath solidly disputed concerng the chief Heads of Faith of the Scriptures of the Church of the misery of man of free justification of grace of new obedience with the Catholick Church against the Tridentine Fables so that nothing can be found more solid In the Council of Rhemes forementioned where were assembled 434 Prelats these five principal acts were concluded 1. That no Man should either buy or sell any Bishoprick Abbotship Fox Act and Monum Deanry Arch Deaconship Priesthood Prebendship Altar or any Ecclesiastical promotion or Benefice Orders Consecration Church-hallowing Seat or Stall within the Quire or any Office Ecclesiastical under pain of Excommunication if he did persist 2. That no Lay-person should give Investiture or any Ecclesiastical possession and that no spiritual man should receive any such at any Lay-man's hand under pain of deprivation 3. That no man should invade take away or detain the goods or possessions of the Church but that they should remain firm and perpetual under pain of perpetual curse 4. That no Bishop or Priest should have any Ecclesiastical Dignity or benefice to any by way of inheritance Adding moreover that for Baptism Chrism Anointing Burial no Money should be exacted 5. Item That all Priests Deacons and Sub-Deacons should be utterly debarred and sequestred from company of their Wives and Concubines under pain of excluding from all Christian Communion The Acts thus determined were sent soon after to Henry the Emperour to try before the breaking up of the Council whether he would agree to the Canonical Elections free consecration and investing of spiritual persons and to other Acts of the said Council The Emperour maketh answer that he would lose nothing of that Antient Custom which his Progenitors had given him Yet because of the authority of the general Council he was content to consent to the residue save only the investing of Ecclesiastical function to be taken from him unto that he would never agree Upon this at the next return of the Pope to the Council Henry the Emperour was excommunicated In the Year 1142. Pope Eugenius came to Paris where that he might usurp the right of investiture and deprive the King of it he gave the Arch-Bishoprick of Bourges to his Chancellour of the Apostolical Chancery named Peter Aimery without the consent of King Lewes a Prince very much given to obedience unto the Papal See Yet the King was so angry at it that he swore upon the Holy Relicks that never so long as he lived Aimery should set his foot in Bourges But the Pope knowing the King 's timerous nature excommunicated him put his person in interdict and gave order that in France in all places where the King came divine Service should cease and all his Court were deprived of the Communion This lasted three whole years till St. Bernard came to the King and perswaded him to receive the said Arch-Bishop But because by so doing the King brake his Oath made upon the Holy Relicks he was enjoyned for satisfaction to take a Journey to the Holy Sepulchre in Syria to fight against the Saracens In which Journey the King lost the flower of the French Nobility and returned afflicted and full of confusion as you shall see more hereafter Peter Bishop of Clugny was in great account with Pope Eugenius Bernard wrote many Epistles to him in one Epistle he calleth him a Vessel of Honour full of Grace and Truth and endued with many gifts The loss of Edessa wherein Christianity had flourished ever since the Apostles times moved Conrade Emperour of the West and Lewes VII sir-named the young King of France to undertake a Voyage to the Holy Land Pope Eugenius III. bestirred himself in the matter and made St. Bernard stis solicitour to advance the design The Emperour's Army contained two hundred thousand foot besides fifty thousand Horse nor was the Army of King Lewes much inferiour in number Paul Aemil. in Lud. VII In France they sent a Distaff and a Spindle to all those that went not with them as upbraiding their effeminateness But by the way the Grecian Emperour did them all possible mischief by mingling lime with their meal by killing of straglers by holding intelligence with the Turks their enemies by corrupting his Coyn so that the Dutch sold good Wares for bad Money and bought bad Wares with good Money by giving them false conductors which trained them into danger so that there was more fear of the guides than of the way The King of France followed after the Emperour and drank of the same Cup at the Grecians hands though not so deeply till at last finding that those who marched through the Continent met with an Ocean of misery he thought better to trust the Wind and the Sea than the Greeks and taking shipping safely arrived in Palestine where he was welcomed by Reimund Prince of Antioch Some weeks were spent in entertainment and visiting holy places till at last Tho. Fuller holy War lib. 2. Elianor Wife to the King of France who accompanied her Husband made Religion her Pander and plaid Bankrupt of her honour under pretence of Pilgrimage keeping
company with a base Saracen-Jester whom she preferred before a King The Emperour and the French King besiege Damascus but some of the Christians corrupted with Turkish Money perswaded the King of France to remove his Camp to a stronger part of the Walls which they long besieged in vain and returned home at last leaving the City and their honours behind them The French Proverb was verified of this Voyage Much bruit and little fruit Many thousand Christians perished in this adventure The French King coming homeward was taken prisoner by the Fleet of the Grecian Emperour and rescued again by Gregory Admiral to Roger King of Sicily When he was arrived in France his Wife was in open Parliament divorsed from him He gave her back again all the Lands in France which he had received with her in portion Herein he did nobly but not politickly to part with the Dukedoms of Poictou and Aquitain which he enjoyed in her right for hereby he dismembred his own Kingdom and gave a torch into the hands of Henry II. King of England who afterwards married her to set France on fire St. Bernard was condemned among the vulgar sort for the murtherer of those that went this Voyage and it was an heavy affliction for his aged back Bern. de consider li. 2. ca. 1. to bear the reproach of many people In his book of Consideration he maketh a modest defence of himself whither we refer the Reader Upon the departure of the Emperour Conrade and King Lewes Noradine the Turk much prevailed in Palestine Peter de Bruis a priest at Tholouse preached in sundry places against the Popes and the Doctrine of Rome calling the Pope the Prince of Sodom and Rome he called Babylon the mother of Whoredoms and confusion He preached against the corporal presence of Christ in the Sacrament Morn myst Iniqu against the sacrifice of the Mass he condemned the worship of Images prayers to Saints single life of priests pilgrimages multitude of Holy-days c. The fore-named Peter Abbot of Clugny wrote against him This Peter de Bruis began to preach about the year 1126. Guilerm lib. 3. ca. 5. After him his Disciple Henry a Monk continued preaching the same Doctrine Guilerm an Abbot writing the life of St. Bernard saith of this Henry That he denied the grace of Baptism unto Infants he despised the prayers and oblations for the Dead the excommunication of Priests the pilgrimage of Believers the sumptuous buildings of Churches the idleness of Festival-days the consecration of chrism and oyl and all the ordinances of the Church He sheweth them that the people sent for Bernard to come against him but he refused until Albericus Bishop of Ostia was sent Legate against him and he perswadeth Bernard to go with him to Tholouse And then Bernard wrote his 240. Epistle unto Hildefonsus Count of St. Giles against this Henry Certain it is as the proverb is Bernard saw not all things and howbeit he wrote bitterly against him yet he commendeth him as a learned man and he was so reverenced that the people did follow him De Bruis was burnt at Tholouse and Albericus carried Henry into Italy Their Books were burnt In Palestine King Baldwin was poisoned by a Jewish Physician And Almerick Brother to King Baldwin succeeded to the Crown In the Church of Jerusalem one Almerick was Patriarch a French-man born though little fit for the place King Almerick against his promise invadeth Egypt but his perjury was punished with the future ruine of the Kingdom of Jerusalem and himself dies of a bloody-flux Baldwin his Son the fourth of that name succeedeth This Baldwin IV. had excellent Education under William Arch-Bishop of Tyre a pious man and excellent Scholar skilled in all the Oriental Tongues besides the Dutch and the French his Native Language Tho. Fullers Hist Holy War li. 2. ca. 38. a moderate and faithful Writer For in the lattter part of his History of the holy War his eye guided his hand till at last the taking of the City of Jerusalem so shook his hand that he wrote no more Treasurer he was of all the Money 's contributed to the holy War Chancellour of this Kingdom employed in several Embassies in the West present at the Lateran Council the Acts whereof he did record Cardinal he might have been but refused it Lewes the French King caused his Son Philip to be crowned at Rhemes at the Age of 14 years Anno 1179. He betrothed him to Isabel the Daughter of Baldwin Earl of Henault King Lewes having thus disposed of his affairs died Anno 1180. The Title of Augustus was given to Philip his Son and successour In the beginning of his Reign he purged the corruptions that were then prevalent among the people viz. Blasphemies Plays Dicing-houses publick dissoluteness in infamous places Taverns and Tipling-houses He expelled the Jews dispersed throughout his Kingdom and given to griping usury and albeit they obtained a return for Money yet in the end he banished them out of all the Territories of France The Patriarch of Jerusalem being arrived in France Anno 1184. with the Prior of the Hospital of Outremer Rigordus de gestis Philippi Augusti and the Grand Master of the Templars to demand succour of King Philip Augustus against the Saracens he sent out a Mandamus to call a general Council of all the Arch-Bishops Bishops and Princes of the Realm which was holden in the City of Paris Philip also calls a Parliament at Paris they diswade him from the Voyage but he fighteth against all difficulties Great charges were imposed upon such as went not the Voyage to pay the tenth of all their revenues both Temporal and Spiritual called for this occasion the Saladines Tenths Richard I. King of England and King Philip of France laying aside their private dissentions unite their forces against the Turks King Richard was accompanied with Baldwin Arch-Bishop of Canterbury Hubert Bishop of Sarisbury Robert Earl of Leicester Ralph de Glanvil late Chief-Justice of England Richard de Clare Walter de Kime c. His Navy he sent about by Spain and with a competent number took his own Journey through France Roger Hovedon in Ricard 1. At Tours he took his Pilgrim's Staff and Scrip from the Arch-Bishop His Staff at the same time casually brake in pieces which some construed a token of ill success Likewise when He and the French King passed over the Bridge of Lyons on the fall of the Bridge this conceit was built That there would be a falling out betwixt these two Kings which accordingly came to pass At Lyons these two Kings parted their Trains and went several ways into Sicily At Messana in Sicily these two Kings meet again where King Richard beheld his Navy safely arrived Tankred a Bastard born was at this time King of Sicily who secretly applyeth himself to the French which King Richard easily discovered Mean time the Citizens of Messana did the English much wrong wherefore
learned Arguments the same which is now received in most reformed Churches concerning Grace Faith Hope Charity Repentance and Works of Mercy Reynerius an Italian Inquisitor under Pope Innocent the third writes of them thus Among all the Sects that ever were or now are none is so hurtful to the Church as these poor men of Lyons for three causes 1. Because it continueth longest for some say it hath been from the days of Pope Sylvester I. and others say from the days of the Apostles 2 Because it is most general seeing there is no Nation where it spreadeth not 3. Whereas all other are conjoyned with blasphemy against God this Sect of the Leonists hath a great shew of Godliness for they live justly before men and believe all things concerning God and all the Articles of the Creed only they reproach and hate the Roman Church and the multitude is ready to accept such things Reynerius saith there were accounted forty Churches defiled with this Heresie as he calleth it and in one Parish they had ten Schools Verner in Fascicul Tempor So He. Vernerus saith there were some most subtil persons among them who endeavoured to maintain their opinions And James de Rebiria saith Because they who were called Priests and Bishops at that time were ignorant almost of all things it was easie unto the Waldenses being learned to gain the first place among the people Catal. Test verit li. 15. Some of them disputed so accurately that the Priests permitted them to preach publickly As for the continuance of this Sect in following times one having inserted the Confession of Faith which they sent to the King of Hungary Anno 1508. saith It differeth not much from those things that are now taught by Some meaning Luther And he addeth that the Waldenses may be better known from that confession than by the Catalogue of Hereticks set forth by Bernard of Lutzenburgh Nauclerus saith that the Hussites followed the Sect of the Waldenses Thuan Hist ad Ann. 1508. And Thuanus saith that Peter Waldus leaving his Countrey went into Belgium and Picardy finding many followers he passed thence into Germany abiding a long space in the Cities of Vandalia and lastly he settled in Bohemia where to this day saith he they who embrace that Doctrine are called Picards His Companion Arnold went into Aquitain and abode in Albium whence the followers of him were called Albigei or Albigenses Their liberty of Speech wherewith they used to blame the vices and dissoluteness of the Princes of France and the Clergy Du. Havillan Hist in Phil. August yea to tax the vices and actions of the Popes this was the principal thing that brought them into Universal hatred and which charged them with more evil opinions than they had Philip Augustus intending to declare his Son Philip his successour in the Realm M. Joan. Du. Tillet greffier en ses memoires called a general Council at Paris of all the Arch-Bishops Bishops Abbots together with the principal Lords of his Kingdom In this Council they treated of all things Temporal and Spiritual Whence that appears to be true which a learned French-man hath written long ago That antiently the affairs of France were managed by the Clergy and Lay-men joyntly King Philip had put away Queen Isabel his Wife and married Alix the Daughter of the King of Hungary who lived not long with him She being dead he took Jugerberga Sister to the King of Denmark whom likewise he put away and in her place married Mary the Daughter of the Duke of Moravia yet after a long and bitter controversie upon the repudiation of Jugerberga he received her again and ended his days with her The King of Denmark vehemently pursued Philip in the Court of Rome Philip prepares his Advocates to shew the reasons why he had put her away The cause was to be pleaded before the Pope's Legate in the great Hall of the Bishop's Palace at Paris De. Serres Hist in vit Philip. August saith de Serres In this great Assembly Philip's Advocates pleaded well for him against his Wife but no Man appeared for her As the Cryer had demanded thrice if there were any to speak for Jugerberga and that silence should be held for a consent loe a young man unknown steps forth of the presse and demands audience it was granted him with great attention Every man's ears were open to hear this Advocate but especially Philip's who was so touch't and ravish't with the free and plain discourse of this young Advocate that they might perceive him to change his countenance This Advocate having ended his discourse returns into the presse again and was never seen more neither could they learn what he was who sent him nor whence he came The Judges were amazed and the cause was remitted to the Council Philip presently takes Horse and rides to Bois de Vincennes whither he had confined Jugerberga having embraced her he receives her into favour and passeth the rest of his days with her in Nuptial Love An antient Historian saith Rigord de gest Philip. August that there was a Council holden at Soissons in which King Philip was assistent with the Arch-Bishops Bishops and chief Lords of his Realm where the point of the divorce or confirmation of the King's Marriage with Jugerberga was discussed After the death of King Richard I. of England Philip Augustus having some difference with King John of England concerning the Dukedom of Guyen and Earldom of Poictiers which Philip supposed to belong to him because homage was not done for them and concerning the Dukedom of Britain which was confiscated unto him by the murther of Arthur King John's Nephew whom he had killed he was summoned to Rome by Innocent III. upon the information made by John supposing that the Pope ought to have the determining of their controversie by reason of an Oath upon the settling of the Lands formerly made between the two Kings and the violation thereof concerning which he writ at large to the Bishops of France that they would approve of his proceedings which was so well liked by his Successours that they Canonized his Decretal which nevertheless hath been disliked by some Divines Gabr. Biel supr Canonmissae sect 75. And for the Canonist's some of them have said that the protestation which he makes at the beginning of it contradicts the Act it self inasmuch as he declares he will not meddle with the jurisdiction of France which nevertheless he did for the feudal differences being determined by the Peers of France betwixt Philip the Lord and John the Vassal yet the Pope would have his Legates to take cognizance of them for hearken how he speaks That Philip would patiently suffer the Abbot of Casemar and the Arch-Bishop of Bourges to have the full hearing whether the complaint put up against him be just or his exception legal See what learned Cujacius observeth upon that Chapter He protesteth saith he doing one thing
of Auxerre in France Henry's Son-in-Law 4. Robert 5. Baldwin the fifth and last At this time the Tartarians over-run the North of Asia and many Nations fled from their own Countries for fear of them Among other the Corasines a fierce and Warlike people were forced to forsake their Land Being thus unkennelled they have recourse to the Sultan of Babylon who bestows on them all the Lands the Christians held in Palestine They march to Jerusalem and take it without resistance Soon after the Corasines elated herewith fell out with the Sultan himself who in anger rooted out their Nation so that none remained The French-men make War against Reymund Earl of Tholouse and think to enclose him in his Castle of Saracene but the Earl lying in Ambush for them in Woods slew many of them and 500 of the French Souldiers were taken and of their Servitors to the number of 200 men in armour were taken of whom some lost their eyes some their ears some their legs and so were sent home the rest were carried away Prisoners into the Castle Thrice that Summer were the French-men discomfited by the aforesaid Reymund King Lewes puts a stop to the persecution of the Albigenses saying that they must perswade them by reason and not constrain them by force whereby many Families were preserved in those Provinces In those times lived Gulielmus de sancto amore a Doctor of Paris and Chanon of Beauvois exclaiming against the abuses of the Church of Rome He wrote against the Fryars and their hypocrisie but especially against the begging Fryars In his days there was a most detestable and blasphemous book set forth by the Fryars which they called Evangelium Aeternum or Evangelium spiritûs sancti The Everlasting Gospel or The Gospel of the Holy Ghost Wherein it is said That the Gospel of Christ was not to be compared to it no more than darkness to light That the Gospel of Christ should be preached but fifty years and then this everlasting Gospel should rule the Church He mightily impugned this pestiferous Book Fox Act and Monum p. 410. ad 416. He was by the Pope condemned for an Heretick exiled and his Books were burnt His story and Arguments may be read in Mr. Fox his first Volumn Pope Alexander armed Thomas Aquinas and Bonaventure men of violent spirits against him but he was too hard for these reprovers his followers were called Amoraei Pope Gregory succeedeth Innocent and is a great Enemy to Frederick the Emperour who had entred Italy with a great Army After his Election he sends his Nuncio into France to exhort Lewes to succour him The Pope comes into France and calls a Council at Lyons whither he cites Frederick but yet upon so short a warning as he could not appear Frederick having sent his Ambassadours to require a lawful time and to advertise the Pope of his coming begins his Journey to perform his promise Being arrived at Thurin he hath intelligence given him that the Pope had condemned him as Contumax excommunicated him and degraded him of the Empire But this was not without the consent of the Princes Electors of the Empire who after mature deliberation proceeded to a new Election They chuse Henry Landgrave of Thuring for Emperour but he besieging the City of Vlmes was wounded with an Arrow whereof he dyed shortly after Frederick writes to the French King against the sentence against him at Lyons Then the Electors chose William Earl of Holland for Emperour In all the chief Cities the Guelph's Faction was the stronger through the Authority of the Council of Lyons Frederick over-pressed with grief dyeth leaving Italy and Germany in great combustion The Pope having Canonized Edmond Arch-Bishop of Canterbury soon after Blanch Queen Regent of France came into England to worship that Saint representing to him that he had found refuge for his Exile in France and beseeching him not to be ungrateful She said my Lord most Holy Father confirm the Kingdom of France in a peaceable solidity and remember what we have done to thee Now Lewes IX came to assist the Christians in Palestine His nobility diswaded from that design Lewes takes up the Cross and voweth to eat no Bread until he was recognized with the Pilgrim's Badge Their went along with him his two Brothers Charles Earl of Anjou Robert Earl of Artois his own Queen and their Ladies Odo the Pope's Legat Hugh Duke of Burgundy William Earl of Flanders Hugh Earl of St. Paul and William Longspath Earl of Sarisbury with a band of valiant English-men The Pope gave to this King Lewes for his charges the tenth of the Clergy's revenues through France for three years and the King employed the Pope's Collectors to gather it whereupon the Estates of the Clergy were shaven as bare as their crowns and a poor Priest who had but twenty shillings annual pension was forced to pay two yearly to the King Having at Lyons took his leave of the Pope and a blessing from him he marched toward Avignon Where some of the city wronged his Souldiers especially with foul Language His Nobles desired him to besiege the city the rather because it was suspected that therein his Father was poisoned To whom Lewes most christianly said I come not out of France to revenge mine own quarrels or those of my Father or Mother but injuries offered to Jesus Christ Hence he went without delay to his Navy and so committed himself to the Sea Lewes arrives in Cyprus where the pestilence raging two hundred and forty Gentlemen of note dyed of the infection Hither came the Ambassadours from a great Tartarian prince invited by the fame of King Lewes his piety professing to him that he had renounced his Paganism and embraced Christianity and that he intended to send Messengers to the Pope to be further instructed in his Religion but some Christians which were in Tartary diswaded him from going to Rome King Lewes received these Ambassadours cuurteously dismissing them with bounteous gifts And by them he sent to their Master a Tent wherein the History of the Bible was as richly as curiously depicted in Needle-work hoping thus to catch his Eyes and both in his present pictures then being accounted Lay-mens books The French land in Egypt and Damiata is taken by them Discords grew between the French and English the cause was for that the Earl of Sarisbury in sacking a Fort got more spoil therein than the English Then dyed Meladine the Egyptian King Robert Earl of Artois Brother to King Lewes fighting with the Egyptians contrary to the Counsel of the Templars is overthrown In his flight he cryed to the Earl of Sarisbury flee flee for God fighteth against us To whom our Earl God forbid my Father's Son should flee from the face of a Saracen The other seeking to save himself by the swiftness of his Horse and crossing the River was drowned The Earl of Sarisbury slew many a Turk and though unhorsed and wounded in his Legs stood
that are absent but that it be not permitted to the Cardinals to chuse any but one out of their own Order and of those that are present in the conclave 6. If the Election be made in Rome the place the Gates and Doors of the conclave shall be well guarded The first Guards are to be kept by the Souldiers of the Pope's ordinary guards After them by the Barons of Rome and the Ambassadours of Princes who are all to be sworn in the conclave it self before it be shut up That they will keep the said guards faithfully and diligently and last of all in the nearest places to the door of the conclave by the Bishops and Conservators of the City If the Election be made out of Rome the guard of the conclave is to be made by the Temporal Lords of that place with the same formality and Oath as in Rome The Guards are to prevent any violence shall be offered to the freedom of the Cardinals Votes to observe what provisions come in that there be no Letters conveyed in them and if any such be found let them be consign'd to the Marshal to be kept till the conclave be finished That they take care that the Cardinals be not incommoded that they be all ready at their beck and in case of delay that they force them first with entreaties and afterwards with threats to hasten the Election Those who are appointed to guard the conclave are to preserve it from all violence and disturbance 7. That the Cardinals may not go out of the conclave or adjourn their Assembly to any other place for any person whatsoever the Election being ended then they may go forth if otherwise they should go out let them be forced back again by the guards of the conclave 8. That those Cardinals who come after the conclave is shut and before the Election of the Pope may enter and give their Voices as the rest And that no Cardinal can upon any occasion or pretence whatsoever although he be excommunicated avoid being present at the Election and giving his vote But all this is to be done by the consent of the whole Colledge and not of the Governour of the conclave only 9. That three days being past after their entrance into the conclave if in that time the Pope be not chosen the Prelates and Barons of Rome and such others as are deputed guards to the conclave may require an account of the Cardinals transactions within and restrain them of their variety of dishes reducing and lessening them by degrees according as they find the Election delayed 10. That in the time of the Election no person whatsoever whether Secular or Ecclesiastick is to give promise or entreat thereby to encline the hearts of the Cardinals to their private desires under pain of the Pope's Excommunication c. 11. That no person be declared or elected Pope if he hath not first two whole parts in three of the Voices of the Cardinals which are present in the conclave which Votes are to be given in secret and afterwards read publickly that all persons may take notice who is chosen 12. That after the death of the Pope all Magistrates and Ecclesiastical Offices are to cease except such as are in the persons of the Cardinals which are perpetual Which Offices are to remain unexecuted all but the Office of the chief Penitentiary and the Chamberlain 13. That there be a Governour of the conclave that he be a worthy person and of good qualifications that he be chosen by the body of the Cardinals before they enter into the conclave whose Office it shall be to give seasonable orders that things may go within as they ought to do and that the Cardinals may not want any thing convenient 14. That an Oath be given to the Cardinals to keep secret all the transactions and argumentations of the conclave relating to the Election that it be not permitted to any body to bear Arms in so sacred a place nor to revenge any injury whatsoever either with words or deeds but that they bear all things patiently and endeavour to avoid that mischief Thus Gregory being pleased with the Introduction of this form into the conclave dismissed the Council of Lyons Then he began his journey in order to his journey into Italy and refusing to pass by Florence lest he should be obliged to take off the interdiction he took his way towards Arezzo in which place he arrived fell sick and dyed Anno 1276. Afterwards when the Emperour Paleologus dyed the Grecian Priests would not that he should be buried in any consecrated place because he had consented in the Council of Lyons to an Union of the Greek and Latin Churches Papon titre de la jurisdiction temporelle art 1. Er titre de Dismes art 9. We read in an ordinance made by King Philip the third Anno 1274. that if one Lay-man sell unto another Lay-man the Tythes which he hath bought of a Clerk and there arise a suit about the price the cognisance thereof doth not belong to the Ecclesiastical Judge And it is one of the priviledges of the Gallican Church that the Pope cannot by any Proviso's about Benefices or otherwise derogate from or prejudice Lay foundations and the Rights of the Lay-patrons of the Realm There is also a decree of this King Philip dated Anno 1274. which prohibits a Bishop the granting the seizure of the moveable goods of a certain Clerk condemn'd in a personal Action considering that those Goods were not within his Episcopal Jurisdiction There is also a prohibition to Ecclesiastical Judges to cause any execution to be made of the immoveable goods of any Clerk condemn'd in a personal Action because the immoveable goods are out of his Episcopal jurisdiction According hereunto a certain Bishop of Paris was declared not to be admitted into the Court in a pretendure which he made of the power of arresting certain Moneys belonging to a Clerk inhabiting in certain Lands subject to the jurisdiction Royal and he was cast for attempting it by an Arrest of Paris Lewes the eldest Son of King Philip dyeth with apparent signs of poyson Queen Mary his Mother-in-Law and Peter de la Broche chief Chamberlain to the King and his Treasurer being the Queens favourite is accused for this Fact and being imprisoned he confesseth the crime and accuseth the Queen as having poisoned Lewes by her command La Broche also is found guilty of Treason by his Letters having given Intelligence to the King of Castile of the Estate of France being then no friend to the Crown for which he was hanged Mary denies the Fact by Oath The King for want of proof sends a Bishop and an Abbot to a Witch in Holland They at their return absolve the Queen by her report but they free her not from the jealousie of the French nor in the King's conceit Thomas Aquinas and Bonaventure two learned School-men dyed Anno 1274. Lewes Bishop of Tholouse Son to
and gave courage to their Commanders Philip seeing his Errour raiseth another Army of 40000 men and puts them under the command of Robert Earl of Artois accompanied with the Constable of France and many other great Personages Century XIV THe Armies forementioned meet near unto the Town of Courtray in a place called Groeming The French were defeated Of this great Army there hardly escaped three hundred not one Commander escaped and very few Noble-men There were taken Robert Earl of Artois General of the Army the Constable of France James of Chastillon Governour of Flanders John King of Majorca Godfrey of Brabant and his Son the Lord of Viezon the Earls of Ewe la March Damartin Aumale Auge Tankerville and many other great Personages Twelve hundred Gentlemen were slain by this enraged Multitude All Flanders now revolted from the French This happened in the Year 1302. on July 11. John of Namour is their Governour in the absence of their imprisoned Earl All the threats of the King of England and the Emperour now vanished away only Pope Boniface had Excommunicated King Philip and interdicted his Realm in the hottest of these Flemmish affairs upon this occasion The Christians Estate was lamentable in the East the Tartarians encreased daily The Pope Anno 1301. sent Boniface Bishop of Apamea unto King Philip requiring him to go into the Holy Land When the Bishop saw no appearance of obedience he threatned the King that the Pope would deprive him of his Kingdom Whereupon the Bishop being charged of Arrogancy and Treason and cast into Prison the Pope sends to him again one Peter a Roman born Arch-Bishop of Narbon commanding him to set the Bishop at liberty and to take a Voyage against the Infidels and not to meddle with the Tenths of the Clergy Philip answered his troubles at home hindred him from going into the East and constrained him to impose a Subsidy upon the Clergy and he was willing to dismiss the Bishop The Arch-Bishop replyed that he was ignorant of the Pope's Authority who was not only the Father of Christian Souls but also Soveraign Lord in Temporal things And therefore by that Authority he did excommunicate him declaring him unworthy to reign and his Realm forfeited to the Pope to invest whom he pleased Moreover he brought another Bull directed to the Prelates and Noblemen of France whereby he acquitted all French-men and dispensed with them as to their Oath of Allegiance to Philip. And cited all the Prelates and Divines of the French Church to appear before him at Rome disanulling all indulgences and priviledges granted to the French by any Popes his predecessours The Earl of Artois disdaining this affront takes the Bull and casts it into the fire Philip was so born out by the Peers of France that when he demanded their advice how he should demean himself and whether he should put up that wrong they answered That they were ready not only to spend their goods which they there wholly offered unto him for that end but also to expose their persons even to death for him not refusing any torments Adding further and that more plainly by word of mouth That if the King which God forbid would suffer it or connive at it yet for their parts they would never endure it Mr. John Tillet Bishop of Paris speaking of this Fact in his French Chronicle The impudence of this man saith he of Boniface was wonderful who durst affirm that the Realm of France was a Benefice of the Papal Majesty But I think them saith he the greater fools who dispute the point whether the Pope hath this power or no he put our France under an Interdict for the time but the Bishops took the King's part King Philip appealed from the usurpations and insolencies of Boniface VIII to the See Apostolick then vacant as he said and to a future Council as Platina saith in his Life Platina in Bonifac 8. The States of France disanulled Boniface's excommunication Boniface by a glosing Letter of his written unto the Bishops endeavoureth to make them approve his unjust proceedings against King Philip where he saith among other things Those who hold that Temporal matters are not subject to spiritual do not they go about to make two Princes He complains also of the Parliament holden at Paris where it was enacted saith he by under-hand and begged voices that none should appear before him upon the summons of the See Apostolick Math. Westm li. 2. sub Ann. 301. He complains also of the Report which was made to that Assembly by Mr. Peter Flotte whom he calleth Belial half blind in body and quite in understanding This was the man who being sent in Embassage to him by King Philip to that saying of his we have both the one power and the other made this reply in behalf of his Master yours is verbal but ours is real This Pope will have it necessary to salvation to believe that all the faithful people of Christ are subject to the Pope of Rome and that he hath both the swords and that he judgeth all men and is judged of none This Boniface was the Authour of the sixth book of the Decretals King Philip sends back the Pope's two Nuncio's to Rome and forbids the Prelates of France to go or send any Money to Rome This being done Philip raiseth new forces to return into Flanders and subdueth the Flemmings but by the instance of John Duke of Brabant he makes peace with them upon strict conditions During this Treaty Guy Earl of Flanders and his Daughter do both dye Robert William and Guy Brethren the Sons of the Earl Guy of Flanders were freed with all the Prisoners Isabel the Daughter of Philip is married to Edward the second King of England This War of Flanders had wasted above three hundred thousand French-men in eleven years during the which it continued Adolph was deposed from the Empire by a Decree of the Electors and Albert of Austria was seated in his place who pursuing him with War slew him with his own hand in an encounter near unto Spire Albert being chosen and installed Emperour Boniface presently seeks to win him against King Philip. He proclaims him Emperour and invests him King of the Realm of France giving him both the Title and Arms and taking occasion to sow division in the heart of the Realm by means of the Clergy who by reason of their Revenues had great power in the State He also wrote Letters to Philip in this manner Boniface Bishop Servant of the Servants of God to Philip King of French-men Fear God and observe his Commandmens We Will thee to understand that thou art subject unto us both in Spiritual things and in Temporal and that it belongeth not to Thee to give any Prebend or Benefice If thou hast the keeping of any of them being vacant thou must reserve the profits of them to the Successours If Thou hast given any we judge thy gift to be void and do revoke
was written in the same Bull We command the Angels to carry the absolved Soul into Paradise It was then a received Article that the Pope may command the Angels as his Serjeants Pope Clement granted great Indulgences to such as could not go but could find Money for that use Out of an old French Chronicle so as he that gave a penny was to have one year's pardon he that gave twelve pence twelve year's pardon and he that would give as much as would maintain a man going over Seas a plenary pardon for all The Pope appointed certain men whom he put in trust for the receiving of this Money Unspeakable were the sums of Money that were given for the purchasing these pardons for five years together At the end whereof when the good men were ready to go and perform what they had promised and vowed the business was broke off but the Pope kept the Money the Marquess his Nephew had a share of it and King Philip the fair and his three Sons who had taken up the cross to go thither in person Edward King of England and other noble persons stayed at home In this Council it was ordained that the feast of Corpus Christi should be kept with many Indulgences granted unto them who should celebrate this Feast In the same Council Pope Clement V. set forth a Book of Papal decrees called Liber Clementiarum which was received Symson Eccles Hist in Cent. 14. allowed and ratified by this Council Nauclerus saith that Clement before his death repented the setting out of this Book and commanded it to be burnt Yet notwithstanding the succeeding Popes and particularly John XXII confirmed and Authorized the said Book again together with the Decretals of Gregory and Boniface because these Books highly advanced the See of Rome exempting the Bishop of Rome from subjection to general Councils and attributing power to him to receive or reject the Emperour after he is chosen comparing the Pope to the Sun and the Emperour to the Moon Finally counting it a thing necessary unto Eternal Life that every person be subject to the Bishop of Rome It was also ordained that Schools should be erected and foreign Tongues should be learned namely the Hebrew Chaldaick and Arabick Languages It was also ordained that the name and remembrance of the Templars should be rooted out which decree was put in execution by all Christian Princes Know then Tho. Fuller supplem Hist sacribelli ca. 1. that about nineteen years after the Christians had lost all in Palestine by the cruel deed of Pope Clement V. and foul Fact of Philip the fair King of France the Templars were finally extirpated out of all Christendom Pope Clement having long sojourned in France had received many great courtesies from King Philip yea he owed little less than himself to him At last Philip requested of him a boon great enough saith my Authour for a King to ask and a Pope to grant namely all the Lands of the Knights Templars in France forfeited by reason of their horrible Heresies and licentious living The Pope was willing to gratifie him in some good proportion for his favours received and being thus long the King's Guest he gave him the Templars Lands and Goods to pay for his entertainment On a sudden all the Templars in France are clapt in prison damnable sins were laid to their charge as sacrificing of Men to an Idol they worshipped roasting of a Templar's Bastard and drinking his Blood spitting upon the cross of Christ conspiring with Turks and Saracens against Christianity they were charged with Sodomy Bestiality with many other Villanies out of the Road of humane corruption and as far from Man's Nature as God's Law The sole witness against them was one of their own Order a notorious Malefactor who at the same time being in prison and to suffer for his own offences condemned by the Master of their Order sought to prove his Innocency by charging all his own Order to be guilty And he swore most heartily to whatsoever was objected against their Order Besides many of the Templars being brought upon the rack confessed the accusations to be true wherewith they were charged Hereupon all the Templars were most cruelly burned to death at a stake through all France with James the Grand-Master of their Order Many men accounted not the Templars Malefactors but Martyrs First because the witness was unsufficient a Malefactor against his Judge and Secondly they bring tortured men against themselves And a confession extorted upon the Rack say some is of no validity But being burned at the stake they denyed it at their death though formerly they had confessed it A Templar being to be burned at Burdeaux and seeing the Pope and King Philip looking out of a Window Hospin de Orig. Monach. ca. 18. fol. 193. cryed unto them Clement thou cruel Tyrant seeing there is no other among mortal men to whom I should appeal for my unjust Death I cite Thee together with King Philip to the Tribunal of Christ the just Judge who redeemed me there both to appear within one year and a day where I will lay open my cause and Justice shall be done without any by-respect In like manner James Grand-Master of the Templars though by piece-meal he was tortured to death craved pardon of God and those of his order That forced by extremity of pain upon the rack and allured with hope of life he had accused them of such damnable sins whereof they were innocent True it is they were generally cryed up for innocents But Pope Clement and King Philip were within the time prefixed summoned by death to answer to God for what they had done Besides King Philip missed of his expectation and the morsel fell besides his Mouth the Lands of the Templars which were first granted to him as a portion for his youngest Son being afterwards by the Council of Vienne bestowed on the Knights-Hospitallers William Durand Bishop of Menda in Languedoc being summoned by Clement V. to the general Council at Vienne to come and see what was fitting to be reformed in the Church made a Book de Consiliis toward the beginning whereof he saith It seemeth to be a thing considerable and it is most expedient and necessary that before any thing else we should proceed to the correction and reformation of such things as ought to be corrected and reformed in the Church of God as well in the head as the Members And in the first Chapter of the third Book Verily as concerning the Reformation of the Catholick Church to bring it about profitably and effectually it seems expedient that it begin at the Head that is at the Holy Church of Rome which is the Head of all others Then he sets down in particular such things as stood in need of reformation notably representing many abuses of the See of Rome that deserved to be corrected But for all his learned discourse there was nothing done therein in
Mother's side with repetition of the obscenities divulged throughout all Italy in the time of that Popedom which made the Cardinal ridiculous to the people The first thing he undertook was to hinder the preaching of the Reformatists who after the Colloquy did practise it more freely than before To gain reputation he made acquaintance with the Nobles of the Hugonots and went to their feasts and sometimes was present at their Sermons in the habit of a Gentleman But this displeased the Court of Rome The Queen-Mother understanding that the King of Spain took the Colloquy in ill part sendeth an Ambassadour into Spain to excuse it After the Colloquy was ended and the Protestants departed the Prelates remained and treated of the Communion of the Cup the Bishop of Valence with consent of the Cardinal of Lorain proposing that if it were allowed the increase of the Protestants would be interrupted But the major part would not consent it should be done but by grant or at least by favour of the Pope Lieve is given to the Legate by the King 's Brief to exercise his faculties which the Chancellour refuseth to subscribe according to the style of the Kingdom Yet was it subscribed by the Queen the King of Navarre and by the principal Officers of the Kingdom For this favour he began to think well of the Communion of the Cup and to write thereof to Rome In conclusion of the Assembly at Poisy the Prelates granted power to the King to sell an hundred thousand crowns of the yearly rents of the Lands of the Church so that the Pope would allow it The Legate informeth the Pope that there are but two wayes to preserve Religion in France One to give satisfaction to the King of Navarre and to interest him in the defence of it the other to grant the people generally the Communion sub utraque specie And the French Ambassadour desireth the Pope to grant the Communion of the Cup to the French men The Pope giveth a favourable answer for which afterwards he was sorry and at length resolveth not to grant the Communion of the Cup to the French At the same time when the Petition of the French Prelates was published in Rome News came out of Germany that the same men had sent to the Protestants there to perswade them to persevere in their Doctrine promising to favour them in the Council of Trent and to draw other Prelates to do the like for which they are suspected in Trent and in Rome The Nuncio resident in France returned to Rome who having related the state of that Kingdom the Pope wrote to the Legate that he should represent to the King's Council that the Council in Trent was to be celebrated for France only because neither Italy nor Spain had need of it and Germany did refuse it and tell them that therefore it did concern them to promote it Hist Concil Trident. li. 5. But the bad conceit which the Court of Rome had of the French was increased by an advice sent from Paris that the Parliament had with much solemnity condemned to recant one John Tancherel a Bachelor of Divinity because with intelligence of some Divines he had proposed and defended publick questions That the Pope Vicar of Christ is Monarch of the Church and may deprive Princes who disobey his commands of their Kingdoms States and Dignities who being accused cited and having confessed the fact did flie And the Judges as in a Comedy caused the Bidel of the University to represent his person and to make a publick satisfaction and recantation forbidding the Divines to dispute such questions hereafter making them go to the King to ask pardon for having suffered so important a matter to be disputed on and to promise to oppose themselves alwayes against that Doctrine For which the French men are much censured in Rome The Pope promiseth a reformation in the Court and hasteneth the opening of the Council John Fernelius was a learned French man and Physician to Henry the second King of France Medicinam Vniversam doctissimis politissimis scriptis complexus est Thuan. Hist Tom. 1. li. 21. About this time also flourished Andrew Tiraquel an excellent Lawyer He is styled by Conradus Ritterhusius Varro ille Gallicus He hath written well upon Alexander ab Alexandro his Book Genialium dierum What Alexander hath written briefly and without mention of Authours he hath illustrated with his Commentary and shewed to whom he was beholden for what he had Thuanus thus extols him Cùm vario literarum genere excultus tum celeberrimus nostrâ aetate Juris-consultus Julius Caesar Scaliger died near this time at Agen in France He was thirty years old before he fell to study yet was a singular Philosopher and an excellent Greek and Latin Poet. Vossius calls him naturae miraculum Voss instit orat Li. 4. ca. 11. and saith thus Vir ille nunquam sine laude dicendus vir ad unguem factus Lipsius highly admires him He was an excellent Historian and great was his skill in Physick and his Practice therein was happy A Noble and learned pen doth thus commend him Non hunc fefellit ulla vis recondita Steph. Boetius Senator Burdigalae ad Vidum Brassacum Praefidem Salubris herbae saltibus siquam aviis Celat nivosus Caucasus seu quam procul Riphaea duro contigit rupes gelu Hic jámque spectantes ad orcum non semel Animas repressâ—t victor membris suis Haerere succis compulit foelicibus NigrÃque avaras Ditis elusit manus On Snowy Caucasus there grew no root Of secret Power but he was privy to 't On cold Riphaean Hills no Simple grew But he the force thereof and vertue knew Wherewith apply'd by his successful Art Such sullen Souls as would this world depart He forc't still in their bodies to remain And from death's door fetcht others back again His skill in Physiognomy was wonderful But his excellent Parts were attended with prodigious Pride His Son Joseph Scaliger was one of the great lights of France and Holland too One saith thus of him In antiquos Scriptores nimiùm petulans protervus Montacut Exercit. 2. sect 10. For variety of Learning and Skill in the Oriental Languages besides his acuteness in Chronology he exceeded his Father In the first Volume of the Lord of Plessis his Letters and Memoirs Casaubon relating to him Scaliger's death Julius Scaliger Vir incomparabilis nisi Josephum genuisset Meric Casaub saith This loss of so Learned a man wrought in him an incredible grief and that he for his particular had lost another Father Monsieur du Plessis likewise condoles with him in so great a loss and saith That Scaliger indeed made one of the integral parts of the better Learning of this Age. Thuanus honourably mentions him in his History Leighs Treat of Relig. and Learninâ— li. 5. ca. 12. and in the first book of his Commentaries De vita sua saith
his Guard to stay behind Being between the Draw-bridge and the Port a miserable wretch Francis Ravillac born at Angoulesm by Profession a Lawyer watching his opportunity drew near unto the Coach on the right side thinking his Majesty had been ther but seeing he was on the left hand and hearing them command the Coach-man to drive on he went the nearest way by narrow Lanes and met with the Coach again in the Street called Ferroniere near Innocents Church where staying to make way for a Cart to pass the King leaned down on the one side towards the Duke of Espernon pressing him to read a Letter without Spectacles Montbazon with the Mareschal de la Vardin was in one of the Boots who turned toward them and one of the Footmen was busie in tying up his garter on the other side so that this Monster had the opportunity to stab the King in the left Pap but the wound was not great Whereupon crying out O my God I am wounded he gave him a second blow which was mortal the knife entring between the Fifth and Sixth Rib it cut asunder the Vein leading to the heart And the wound was so deep that it entred into Cava Vena the which was pierced wherewith the King did presently spit blood losing all apprehension and knowledge for any thing they could perceive who being carried back into the Louvre was laid upon a Couch in his Cabinâ—â— where presently after he gave up the ghost After whose death the Queen-Mother was declared Regent in France by whose Commandment the King's heart was delivered to the Jesuites to be laid up in their Colledge of la Fleche as the King himself had long before resolved The first Edict at Nantes was also confirmed for the entertainment whereof a Declaration was made by Lewes the young King The Murtherer being arraigned was put to the Rack on May 25. and on the 27. had the Sentence of death given against him His execution was after this manner He was brought out of the Prison in his shirt with a Torch of two pound weight lighted in one hand and the knife wherewith he had murthered the King chained in the other Then was he set upright in a Tumbrel or dung Cart and so he was conducted with a good Guard to our Ladies Church where he did penance After this he was accompanied to the place of Execution by two Doctors of Divinity who still perswaded him to save his soul from everlasting punishment by revealing his Associates the which he would not In this manner he was carried to the Greve where there was a strong Scaffold built for his Execution At his coming up on the Scaffold he crossed himself in token that he died a Papist Then was he bound to an Engine of wood which done his hand with the knife chained to it wherewith he had slain the King was put into a Furnace then flaming with Fire and Brimstone wherein it was in a terrible manner consumed and yet he would not confess any thing but cast forth horrible cries like a soul tormented in Hell Then the Executioners having made Pincers red hot in the same Furnace they did pinch his Paps the brawns of his arms and thighs with the calves of his legs and other fleshy parts of his body pulling out collops of flesh and burning them before his face Then they poured into those wounds scalding Oyl Rozen Pitch and Brimstone melted together After which they set a hard roundel of Clay upon his Navil having an hole in the midst into the which they poured molten Lead yet he revealed nothing but roared out most horribly Then they caused four strong Horses to be brought to tear his Body in pieces But these Horses could not of a long time pull him asundâ—r though another very strong Horse was put in the place of one of the four who strained but faintly until they were constrained to cut the veins under his arms and thighs by which means his body was the easier torn in pieces Then the enraged multitude pulled this dismembred Carkass out of the Executioners hand which they dragged up and down through the dirt and cutting off the flesh with their knives the bones which remained were burnt at the place of execution and the ashes scattered in the wind His Father and Mother were commanded to depart the Land and never to return again His Brethren Sisters Uncles and others his Kinsfolk enjoined to take another Name His goods were declared forfeited to the King and the house where he had been born to be beaten down This wicked Parricide confessed no other motive of his Crime but the Book of Mariana a Spanish Jesuite Which Book by a Decree made by the Colledge of Sorbonne and confirmed by a sentence from the Courts of Parliament was for that cause by a sentence condemned to be publickly burnt before our Ladies Church in Paris After the execution of Ravillac there was a foul imputation laid on the Jesuites and many condemned them as Abettors and favourers of the Murtherers of Princes for which cause Father Cotton employs all his Wit and Eloquence to wipe it off in whose behalf the Bishop of Paris wrote which as a Preface was prefixt before his Declaration and Printed But the Learned Du Moulin put forth that famous Book called Anticoton in which he proved that the Jesuites were Authours of that horrible Parricide Though he put not his name to it yet the Jesuites soon knew that it was his Work and made an answer to it directed unto him because there was in the Anticoton an Anagram of Father Cotton which fathered the King's death upon him thus PIERRE COTON PERCE TON ROY They also made this Anagram upon Du Moulin's name PETRUS DU MOULIN ERIT MUNDO LUPUS With these Verses Petri hostis Petrus christi insidiatur ovili Quo deglubere quo dilaniare queat More Lupi verè Lupus est cui nomen omen Et mores insunt ingeniumque Lupi Which Verses Du Moulin answered thus Quisquis es insulso qui fundis acumine versus Hellespontiaco victima digna Deo Quà m frustrà vacuum scalpsisti sinciput ô quos Risus Hâ—â—rida vox semilatrina movet Dum tua menâ—â—ariè turbata elementa pererrat Et spargis virus nomen in innocuum Quin in hoc casu quaedam est industria dum tu In laudem imprudens nomina nostra trahis Namque Lupo cohibemus equos agitator equorum Improbioris equi comprimit ora lupo Qui in gyrum cogit facilique peritus habenâ Compositos gressus agglomerare docet Ergo lupus mundo est qui fraenans ora lupato Dura per errorum devia monstrat iter Nec mirum si nos Papalis verna culinae Si ciniflo Satanae dixerit esse lupos Cum Christum Satanam Pharisaeus dicat apella Nemo bonus secum mitiùs optet agi Ergo Dei servum vanis latratibus urgens Meque lupum appellans desinat esse canis At this
his presence But the Prelates refusing to stoop to this Order it being contrary to the Rules of the French Church took a middle course They went so habited to salute him and accordingly accompanied him in the Cavalcade to Nostre-Dame whither being come they took off their Mantlets but all was done under a Proviso of saving their antient right He proposed to the King what the Pope had given him in charge He urged the King in general terms to peace to restore things in the Valtoline to their former state as they were before the Army of the Confederate Princes entred into it and desired him to grant a Cessation of Arms in Italy The King answered to the three Propositions That he was ever enclin'd to Peace and that he would still be induced to it provided it were for the publick safety and honourable for him and his Allies That as to what concern'd the Valtâ—line the late Treaty of Madrid had made provision for all those difficulties which have risen ever since and that he desired the execution of it As to the Cessation of Arms that he could by no means hearken to it because of the great prejudice it would be to himself and his Allies and the great advantage those of the adverse Party might make out of it Thereupon the Legate unexpectedly departeth from the French Court and goeth toward Rome The Hugonots now begged his Majestie 's pardon by their Deputies whom they sent unto him to testifie the sense they had of their fault and to assure him of their future fidelity and obedience His Majesty was well pleased with it and the Deputies coming to him at Fountainbleau about the end of August whilst the Legate was there there was no kind of acknowledgements and submissions which they did not make both in behalf of themselves as also of the Duke of Rohan and the Sieur de Soubize who sent to supplicate him by their particular Deputies that he would be pleased to employ them in the War of Italy that they might testifie by their passion to serve him that there was not any danger by Sea or Land to which they would not cheâ—rfully expose themselves to contribute to his glory Having made their speeches they presented the paper of their Complaints which they said were grounded upon several Graces which had been conferred upon them by the Edict of Nantes and several other grants The King received it and appointed it to be examined After the paper of their grievances had been examined the French King confirmed to them whatever had been granted to them by the Edict of Nantes granting them free liberty for the exercise of their Religion in such Towns where they had Churches and Church-yards and an Act of Oblivion for any thing done in the War but be would not consent to the demolishing of Fort Lewes as being of great importance for the keeping of Rochel in awe and obedience These favours were accepted by the general Deputies of the Protestants in the name of all their Towns excepting those of Rochel Montauban Castres and Milhaud who having been gained by the Duke of Rohan and Sieur de Soubize and finding that their Leaders had obtained only a single Pardon without any other advantage and without being employ'd in Italy according as they desired they entreated his Majesty upon other pretences that he would be pleased to grant some time till their two chief Officers and those four Cities were joyned with them The King granted to them that delay upon condition it were not over long who presently sent away the heads of those resolutions which had been taken But the Duke of Rohan excuseth himself from accepting those Articles which were granted to those of his Party He did his utmost to surprize some places in Languedoc He made an attempt upon Tillet in Albigeois He had some time before caused the Towns of Masdazil Pamiers and several other of Foix to revolt from which places he sent out his Scouts who committed great havocks in the plain Countrey But the Marshal de Themines and the Count de Carmain fell upon the Hugonots charged and killed many of them and took divers places from them some by storm some by composition Hereupon the Duke of Rohan went to the Assembly at Milhaud where he made those of his Party send a Currier to the King to accept of the Articles of Peace which his Majesty had granted to them His Majesty confirmed them though they had rendered themselves unworthy by their new Acts of Rebellion But it was necessary so to be for the better opposing of the enterprizes of Spain though Rochel was still excepted by reason of the little inclination they had testified of keeping themselves within their duty Then the Bishops and Clergy of France assembled at Paris The chief intent of their meeting was for the renewing of that Contract which they made every tenth year with the King for the payment of those Rents which are imposed on them They also condemned certain Libels sent abroad by the Spanish ambition which had been sent into France They condemned the Authours of them as enemies to the publick quiet and seducers of the people to Sedition And they granted to the King Six hundred thousand crowns upon the Churches oâ— France as a Contribution toward the Wars in which the State was engaged as also to preserve the Catholick Religion in its splendour and to maintain the glory of the Crown But many sordid spirits grudged at it who considering but one of those ends for which Lands were given to Churches began to oppose it as if the Church which is part of the State were not bound to contribute to the good of those Corporations of which they were members and as if the publick necessities were not more considerable than the private profits of some particular people who often employ their Revenues to bad uses The Cardinal now endeavoureth the procuring of Peace for those of Rochel And the same reasons which enclined his Majesty to shew his Clemency to the rest of that party did also perswade him to do the like to those of Rochel The King consented that the Town should be delivered into the hands of the Corporation on condition that they kept no Ships of War that they observed those Orders for traffique which were established in the rest of the Kingdom That they should restore to the Ecclesiasticks all the goods which had been taken from them That they should suffer the Catholicks to live freely and quietly in the exercise of the Roman Catholick Religion and in the enjoyment of those goods which appertained to them That his Majesty should leave what Garrison he thought fit in Fort Lewes and the Islands of Reé and Olleron only promising that he would settle such a course in it as those of Rochel might receive no trouble by it either in their Commerce or in the enjoyment of their goods These Articles were agreed on about the beginning of February An.
of Paris that a publick thanâ—sgiving might be made and himself returning to Paris passed by Nostre Dam des Ardilliers that there he might pay his Vows for to his Devotions there he ascribed his first Victories as that of the relieving Reé upon which the whole success depended The King before he left Rochel published a Declaration wherein was contained that the Roman Catholick Religion should be freely Exercised there both in the City and Government of Aulnis That the Churches which had been lately destroyed thereabouts should be re-edified and restored to them in whose Possession they formerly were together with all their appurtenances That a sufficient maintenance should be given to such Curates as had not means to live on out of those lands which belonged to the Town-house That the Religieux de la charitè les Religiouses Hospitaliers should be re-established in the Hospitals of the Town to attend upon all sick persons That a Cross should be raised in the Castle-yard at the Foot of which an Inscription of the taking the City should be inscribed and that every first of November a Procession general should be made to give God thanks for his mercies That the Church-yard Consecrated in the Lands of Coreille where those of the Camp who died during the siege had been buried should still be conserved to that use That a Covent of Religieux Minimes should be built there who might pray unto God for them and perpetuate the memory of the thing The King took this course to keep Rochel in obedience He deposed the Mayor and discharged the Shrievalty and Commonalty of the Town without hopes of restauration He ordained that the most Seditious persons of the City should forsake it and among others Guison Mayre Godefray Salebret and Deserbrieres not so much as excepting the Dame de Rohan who was carried to Niort by the Sieur de Lannay Lieutenant des Gardes des Corps Next he revoked all the Priviledges and Charters heretofore granted to the City He commanded the Walls the Ramparts and the rest of the Fortifications to be razed and the Ditches to be filled up leaving only the Towers de S. Nicholas de la Chains de la lantern standing with that part of the Wall toward the Sea to preserve the Town from Pirates He appointed also that no stranger should have an House or Family in the Town without his Majestie 's permission had and obtained or that any Hereticks as the Protestants were called should return to their former dwellings And for the better keeping them in their obedience he ordained that there should be an Intendent of justice in the City Country and Government of Aulins who should see the Execution of his Ordinances and have an eye to that which concern'd his service all which was inserted in the said Declaration He then commanded the Inhabitants to be disarmed and that certain Regiments should remain in the Town until it were quite demolished After all these things he returned to Paris where he was magnificently received the Companies of the City making Orations unto him The expences of the Siege of Rochel are said to have amounted unto forty millions of Livres Then Monsieur the Prince the Dukes of Montmorency and Vantadour who Commanded his Majestie 's Forces in Languedoc became Masters of the Field and before the end of the year repossessed themselves of all those places in a few daies which were capable of being forced The King in the year following having resolved upon going into Italy commits the Government of the State to the Queen his Mother And before he goeth into Piedmont he compelleth the Hugonots in Languedoc to lay down their Arms and to declare in form before his Parliaments and Judges that they will live in all duties and obedience hereafter His Majesty caused his Declaration to this purpose to be read in Parliament himself being present which put a stop to all the Hugonots affairs until after the taking of Suze Whilst the King is in Italy the Duke of Rohan takes Arms in the Sevennes And with the assistance of the Cities of Montauban Nismes Millaut Castres Privas Vsetz and some others had got such a body of an Army together as therewith he hoped to maintain himself in that little angle of the Kingdom and either presently to obtain some advantagious Conditions or to expect a more favourable time for the re-establishment of his depressed Party In the mean time he treated secretly with the King of Spain from whom he had also obtain'd a promise of some supply of money But the King who had intelligence of his practice returning with the same celerity out of Italy into France in the most violent heats of Summer with which he had passed out of France into Italy in the greatest extremity of Winter presented himself before Privas one of the Hugonot Cities in June which at his first coming he carried by assault after which Aletz another of the same Principles surrendered without resistance The Duke of Rohan observing what a terrour the taking of these two places had infused into his whole Faction and knowing on the other side that a Peace with Italy and England was already conclued began to apprehend at last he should be totally deserted by all his Confederates and Friends and left alone to bear the shock of all his Majesties Victorious Arms which made him in time seriously apply himself to his mercy to avoid the severe effects of his justice A Peace was concluded in July 1629. with the Duke of Rohan which all the other Cities of his Party likewise accepted except Montauban which for some daies stood out but afterwards was surrendered to Cardinal Richlieu who settled all things in peace to the great happiness of the King and the whole Kingdom The next year the French King procured from the Pope the Cardinals Hats to be bestowed on the Archbishop of Lions and Monsieur Bagni the Pope's Nuntio Now new stirs are at Court occasioned by the discontents of the Queen-Mother and the Monsieur The Queen-Mother professeth open hatred to the Cardinal she directly opposeth all his Counsels which how well soever they succeeded she still found matter enough to render them suspected to the King and to discredit them by sinister interpretations The Duke of Savoy was grown by this time sensible of the dishonourable Peace he had concluded at Suze to which the loss of Montferrat stuck mainly in his stomach The Duke therefore seizeth upon all the French in his Territories not so much as excepting the Merchants and Religious Orders The Marshal of Crequi hereupon advanceth to Pignerol with one thousand Horse six thousand Foot and some Cannon and reduced the Town and Citadel to the obedience of the French King And the passages from France to Piedmont were open after the reducing of certain Towns of the Duke of Savoy In short time the King makes himself Master of all Savoy The Cardinal offered all sorts of submission to the Queen-Mother to