Selected quad for the lemma: land_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
land_n	find_v	great_a	king_n	3,579	5	3.5272	3	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A28496	Irelands naturall history being a true and ample description of its situation, greatness, shape, and nature, of its hills, woods, heaths, bogs, of its fruitfull parts, and profitable grounds : with the severall ways of manuring and improving the same : with its heads or promontories, harbours, roads, and bays, of its springs, and fountains, brooks, rivers, loghs, of its metalls, mineralls, free-stone, marble, sea-coal, turf, and other things that are taken out of the ground : and lastly of the nature and temperature of its air and season, and what diseases it is free from or subject unto : conducing to the advancement of navigation, husbandry, and other profitable arts and professions / written by Gerald Boate ; and now published by Samuell Hartlib for the common good of Ireland and more especially for the benefit of the adventurers and planters therein.	Boate, Gerard, 1604-1650.; Hartlib, Samuel, d. 1662.	1657 (1657)	Wing B3373; ESTC R27215	105,129	208

find_v a_o open_a entrance_n and_o twice_o a_o day_n with_o the_o tide_n full_o flow_v into_o they_o make_v the_o water_n so_o salt_n and_o it_o will_v be_v no_o great_a error_n to_o take_v all_o those_o lough_n wherein_o that_o happen_v viz._n lough_n cone_n in_o the_o county_n of_o down_o loughfoile_n in_o the_o county_n of_o colrain_n loughsuille_a in_o tirconnell_n and_o the_o lough_n of_o cork_n rather_o for_o inlet_n of_o the_o sea_n than_o for_o lake_n although_o the_o inhabitant_n hold_v they_o all_o to_o be_v lough_n and_o give_v they_o the_o name_n of_o lough_n and_o in_o this_o number_n be_v also_o to_o be_v put_v that_o great_a lough_n betwixt_o limmerick_n and_o the_o sea_n through_o which_o the_o shanon_n discharge_v itself_o into_o the_o sea_n of_o the_o which_o we_o have_v already_o speak_v once_o or_o twice_o heretofore_o sect._n 4._o of_o lough-earne_a lough-neaugh_a and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o great_a lough_n among_o the_o great_a lough_n of_o sweet-water_n be_v far_o the_o princpal_a lough-earne_a &_o lough-neaugh_a the_o first_o of_o which_o be_v situate_v in_o the_o confine_n of_o ulster_n and_o connaught_n be_v in_o effect_n two_o different_a lough_n join_v together_o only_o by_o a_o short_a and_o narrow_a channel_n of_o which_o two_o that_o which_o lie_v far_a within_o the_o land_n do_v extend_v itself_o in_o a_o manner_n direct_o north_n and_o south_n but_o the_o second_o which_o be_v next_o to_o the_o sea_n do_v lie_v east_n and_o west_n so_o that_o both_o together_o they_o have_v the_o fashion_n of_o a_o bend_a elbow_n be_v both_o very_a broad_a in_o the_o midst_n grow_v by_o degree_n narrow_a towards_o both_o the_o end_n lough-neaugh_a lie_v in_o the_o north-easter_o part_n of_o ulster_n border_v upon_o the_o county_n of_o tirone_n armagh_n down_n antrim_n and_o colrain_n be_v of_o a_o round_a or_o rather_o somewhat_o oval_a figure_n next_o in_o bigness_n to_o these_o two_o be_v lough-corbes_a the_o same_o on_o who_o neather-end_n the_o city_n galloway_n be_v seat_v the_o two_o lough_n through_o which_o the_o shanon_n pass_v lough-ree_n and_o lough-dirg_n item_n lough-fingarrow_a in_o connaught_n betwixt_o the_o county_n of_o maio_n and_o roscomen_fw-mi in_o the_o last_o place_n as_o the_o least_o of_o this_o sort_n be_v lough-allen_n out_o of_o which_o the_o shanon_n take_v his_o original_n be_v nine_o mile_n long_o and_o three_o mile_n broad_a lough-me●ke_a situate_v betwixt_o lough-fingarrow_a and_o the_o lough_n of_o galloway_n and_o lough-larne_a in_o the_o county_n of_o kerry_n in_o munster_n not_o far_o from_o the_o upper-end_n of_o those_o two_o famous_a bay_n dingle_n and_o more_o the_o least_o of_o these_o be_v some_o mile_n long_o and_o broad_a and_o many_o mile_n in_o circuit_n but_o the_o big_a be_v of_o so_o vast_a a_o compass_n that_o they_o be_v more_o like_o a_o sea_n than_o a_o lough_n sect._n 5._o of_o the_o land_n in_o the_o lough_n most_o of_o these_o great_a lough_n be_v very_o full_a of_o little_a land_n and_o above_o all_o lough-earne_a in_o which_o the_o same_o be_v numberless_a in_o lough-cone_n also_o there_o be_v so_o great_a a_o number_n that_o those_o who_o inhabit_v about_o it_o affirm_v they_o to_o be_v two_o hundred_o and_o threescore_o lough-ree_n and_o lough-dirg_n be_v likewise_o very_o full_a of_o they_o and_o there_o be_v also_o a_o good_a many_o in_o lough-fingarrow_a lough-larne_a and_o suille_n but_o loughfoile_n be_v very_o free_a from_o they_o and_o in_o the_o lough_n of_o cork_n there_o be_v not_o above_o one_o or_o two_o as_o likewise_o in_o lough-neaugh_a in_o which_o they_o lie_v near_o to_o the_o ●ides_n leave_v the_o midst_n altogether_o free_a very_o few_o of_o these_o land_n be_v inhabit_v or_o plant_v but_o the_o most_o part_n be_v plentiful_o clothe_v with_o very_o sweet_a grass_n serve_v for_o pasture_n to_o sheep_n and_o other_o cattle_n the_o which_o do_v thrive_v wonderful_o well_o in_o they_o and_o the_o same_o befall_v also_o in_o the_o middle_a sort_n of_o lough_n among_o which_o likewise_o there_o be_v very_o few_o that_o have_v not_o some_o of_o these_o little_a land_n in_o they_o in_o some_o few_o of_o these_o land_n especial_o of_o lough-earne_a and_o lough-ree_n be_v some_o dwelling_n whereunto_o person_n who_o love_v solitariness_n be_v wont_a to_o retire_v themselves_o and_o may_v live_v there_o with_o much_o contentment_n as_o find_v there_o not_o only_a privacy_n and_o quietness_n with_o opportunity_n for_o study_n and_o contemplation_n but_o there_o beside_o great_a delightfulness_n in_o the_o place_n itself_o with_o variety_n of_o very_a sweet_a pastime_n in_o fowl_v fish_v plant_v and_o garden_v in_o one_o of_o the_o great_a land_n of_o lough-earne_a sir_n henry_n spotteswood_n have_v a_o fine_a seat_n with_o goodly_a building_n garden_n orchard_n and_o a_o pretty_a little_a village_n with_o a_o church_n and_o steeple_n belong_v to_o it_o which_o whither_o it_o be_v in_o be_v yet_o or_o destroy_v by_o the_o barbarian_n and_o bloody_a rebel_n i_o be_o not_o inform_v in_o lough_n sillon_n in_o the_o county_n of_o cavan_n in_o a_o island_n not_o far_o from_o the_o bank_n where_o the_o river_n nanne●_n run_v into_o it_o be_v a_o castle_n build_v of_o form_n four_o square_v which_o cover_v the_o whole_a i_o will_v much_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o fort_n eneskellin_n in_o lough-earne_a and_o so_o many_o more_o to_o long_o to_o be_v rehearse_v sect._n 6._o of_o st_n patrik_v purgatory_n one_o of_o these_o little_a land_n situate_v in_o lough-dirg_n one_o of_o the_o middle-sort_n of_o lough_n have_v be_v very_o famous_a for_o the_o space_n of_o some_o age_n over_z almost_o all_o christendom_n because_o the_o world_n be_v make_v to_o believe_v that_o there_o be_v the_o suburb_n of_o purgatory_n into_o which_o whoso_o have_v the_o courage_n to_o go_v and_o remain_v there_o the_o appoint_a time_n do_v see_v and_o suffer_v very_o strange_a and_o terrible_a thing_n which_o persuasion_n have_v last_v until_o our_o time_n the_o matter_n have_v be_v discover_v with_o in_o these_o few_o year_n and_o find_v to_o be_v a_o mere_a illusion_n this_o discovery_n be_v make_v during_o the_o government_n of_o richard_n boil_v earl_n of_o cork_n and_o adam_n lostus_fw-la viscount_n of_o elie_n and_o lord_n chancellor_n of_o ireland_n which_o two_o be_v lord_n justice_n of_o that_o kingdom_n in_o the_o last_o year_n of_o king_n james_n &_o desirous_a to_o know_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o business_n send_v some_o person_n of_o quality_n to_o the_o place_n to_o inquire_v exact_o into_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o whole_a matter_n these_o do_v find_v that_o that_o miraculous_a and_o fearful_a cave_n descend_v down_o to_o the_o very_a purgatory_n and_o hell_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o little_a cell_n dig_v or_o hew_v out_o of_o the_o rocky_a ground_n without_o any_o window_n or_o hole_n so_o as_o the_o door_n be_v shut_v one_o can_v not_o see_v a_o jot_n within_o it_o be_v of_o so_o little_a depth_n that_o a_o tall_a man_n can_v but_o just_a stand_n upright_o in_o it_o and_o of_o no_o great_a capacity_n than_o to_o contain_v six_o or_o seven_o person_n now_o when_o that_o any_o person_n desirous_a to_o go_v that_o pilgrimage_n to_o purgatory_n be_v come_v into_o the_o island_n the_o friar_n some_o small_a number_n whereof_o make_v their_o constant_a abode_n there_o for_o that_o purpose_n make_v he_o watch_v and_o fast_v excessive_o whereby_o and_o through_o the_o recount_v of_o strange_a and_o horrible_a apparition_n and_o phantasm_n which_o he_o will_v meet_v withal_o in_o that_o subterranean_a pilgrimage_n be_v well_o preepare_v they_o do_v shut_v he_o up_o in_o that_o little_a dark_a hole_n and_o be_v draw_v out_o again_o from_o thence_o after_o some_o hour_n altogether_o astonish_v and_o in_o a_o maze_n he_o will_v be_v a_o good_a while_n before_o he_o come_v again_o to_o himself_o and_o afterward_o the_o poor_a man_n will_v tell_v wonderful_a story_n as_o if_o in_o very_a deed_n he_o have_v go_v a_o great_a way_n under_o the_o ground_n and_o see_v and_o suffer_v all_o those_o thing_n which_o his_o weak_a imagination_n altogether_o corrupt_v by_o the_o concurrence_n and_o sequel_n of_o so_o many_o cause_n to_o weaken_v the_o brain_n do_v figure_n unto_o he_o to_o prevent_v this_o delusion_n in_o future_a time_n the_o say_a lord_n justice_n cause_v the_o friar_n to_o depart_v from_o thence_o their_o dwell_n quite_o to_o be_v demolish_v and_o the_o hole_n or_o cell_n to_o be_v break_v open_a and_o altogether_o expose_v to_o the_o open_a air_n in_o which_o state_n it_o have_v lyen_fw-we ever_o since_o whereby_o that_o pilgrimage_n to_o purgatory_n be_v quite_o come_v to_o nothing_o and_o never_o have_v be_v undertake_v since_o by_o any_o to_o beget_v the_o great_a reputation_n to_o this_o sictitious_a purgatory_n the_o people_n

the_o ordure_n of_o the_o street_n be_v under_o ground_n convey_v into_o the_o city_n ditch_n pass_v under_o the_o yard_n wherein_a the_o say_v well_o dam_v up_o since_o this_o sad_a accident_n do_v stand_v so_o as_o it_o may_v be_v probable_o believe_v that_o that_o deadly_a infection_n of_o the_o air_n within_o the_o same_o well_o have_v partly_o be_v cause_v through_o the_o nearness_n of_o the_o same_o sewer_n chap._n xix_o of_o the_o freestone_n marble_n flint_n slate_n and_o seacoles_n which_o be_v find_v in_o ireland_n sect._n 1_o of_o the_o freestone_n have_v in_o the_o precedent_a chapter_n treat_v of_o the_o metal_n and_o mineral_n which_o be_v find_v in_o ireland_n we_o shall_v now_o go_v on_o to_o speak_v of_o several_a other_o substance_n raise_v out_o of_o the_o ground_n there_o of_o a_o less_o noble_a nature_n but_o nevertheless_o profitable_a and_o serve_v for_o several_a good_a use_n to_o begin_v with_o freestone_n there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o it_o the_o one_o be_v gray_a or_o ash-coloured_a and_o the_o other_o blue_a which_o both_o for_o the_o most_o part_n lie_v in_o the_o uppermost_a part_n of_o the_o ground_n cover_v over_o with_o very_o little_a earth_n be_v raise_v with_o small_a labour_n and_o charge_n whereas_o in_o most_o other_o country_n it_o be_v as_o much_o labour_n to_o dig_v freestone_n as_o the_o metal_n themselves_o the_o blue_a freestone_n be_v not_o very_o abundant_a and_o as_o little_a in_o request_n as_o unfit_a for_o great_a building_n it_o lie_v for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o small_a unshape_o piece_n and_o when_o they_o be_v big_a common_o break_v in_o the_o raise_n and_o hew_v partly_o through_o the_o unskilfullness_n of_o the_o workman_n there_o and_o chief_o because_o they_o be_v exceed_o hard_a and_o can_v well_o endure_v the_o iron_n the_o gray_a freestone_n which_o be_v find_v very_o abundant_o in_o most_o part_n of_o the_o land_n be_v of_o a_o contrary_a nature_n and_o may_v easy_o be_v cut_v out_o into_o stone_n of_o all_o bigness_n or_o fashion_n wherefore_o also_o this_o sort_n have_v be_v use_v by_o the_o english_a to_o all_o the_o church_n castle_n and_o edifice_n which_o since_o the_o conquest_n have_v be_v build_v by_o they_o for_o the_o irish_a themselves_o never_o have_v the_o skill_n nor_o industry_n to_o erect_v any_o considerable_a building_n of_o freestone_n brick_n or_o other_o the_o like_a material_n their_o dwelling_n be_v very_o poor_a and_o contemptible_a cottage_n true_a it_o be_v that_o the_o english_a at_o their_o first_o come_v find_v several_a maritine-towne_n in_o ireland_n with_o stonewall_n and_o house_n the_o church_n also_o not_o only_o in_o those_o but_o in_o many_o other_o town_n be_v of_o the_o same_o but_o build_v by_o stranger_n who_o be_v come_v out_o of_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o germany_n and_o other_o neighbour_a country_n have_v settle_v themselves_o there_o inhabit_v several_a part_n of_o the_o seacoast_n some_o age_n before_o the_o english-conquest_n which_o people_n call_v themselves_o oastman_n or_o easterling_n all_o those_o country_n of_o the_o which_o they_o be_v come_v be_v situate_v to_o the_o east_n of_o ireland_n sect._n 2._o certain_a evil_a property_n of_o the_o irish_a freestone_n this_o sort_n of_o grey_a freestone_n in_o ireland_n have_v a_o bad_a quality_n that_o it_o draw_v the_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n continual_o to_o it_o and_o so_o become_v dank_a and_o wet_a both_o in_o and_o outside_n especial_o in_o time_n of_o much_o rain_n to_o mend_v this_o inconvenience_n the_o english_a do_v wainscot_n those_o wall_n with_o oak_n or_o other_o board_n or_o line_v they_o with_o a_o thin_a crust_n of_o brick_n sect_n 3._o of_o the_o marble_n beside_o the_o freestone_n which_o be_v almost_o in_o every_o part_n of_o the_o land_n there_o be_v marble_n find_v in_o many_o place_n of_o several_a sort_n one_o be_v red_a streak_v with_o white_a and_o other_o colour_n such_o as_o with_o a_o peculiar_a name_n be_v call_v porphyre_n other_o black_a very_o curious_o streak_v with_o white_a and_o some_o all_o of_o one_o colour_n the_o first_o two_o sort_n be_v find_v but_o in_o small_a quantity_n especial_o the_o second_o but_o the_o last_o be_v very_o abundant_a in_o some_o place_n but_o most_o about_o kilkenny_n where_o not_o only_o many_o house_n be_v build_v of_o the_o same_o but_o whole_a street_n be_v pave_v with_o it_o sect._n 4._o description_n of_o the_o marble-quarrie_n at_o kilkenny_n the_o quarry_n out_o of_o which_o they_o have_v their_o marble_n at_o kilkenney_n be_v not_o above_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o mile_n distant_a from_o the_o town_n and_o belong_v to_o no_o body_n in_o particular_a lie_v in_o common_a for_o all_o the_o townsman_n who_o at_o any_o time_n may_v fetch_v as_o much_o out_o of_o it_o as_o seem_v good_a unto_o they_o without_o pay_v any_o thing_n for_o it_o it_o be_v in_o fashion_n like_o unto_o quarry_n of_o freestone_n to_o wit_n a_o wide_a open_a pit_n whereout_o stone_n and_o pillar_n of_o great_a thickness_n and_o height_n may_v be_v dig_v this_o marble_n whilst_o it_o be_v rude_a and_o as_o it_o come_v out_o of_o the_o ground_n look_v grayish_a but_o be_v polish_v it_o get_v a_o fine_a bluish_a colour_n draw_v somewhat_o towards_o the_o black_a sect._n 5._o of_o the_o flint_n although_o flint_n be_v not_o dig_v from_o under_o the_o ground_n yet_o shall_v we_o give_v they_o a_o place_n next_o to_o the_o freestone_n and_o marble_n because_o of_o the_o affinity_n which_o they_o have_v with_o they_o they_o be_v find_v in_o every_o part_n of_o ireland_n in_o great_a abundance_n near_o the_o seaside_n within_o the_o land_n upon_o the_o hill_n and_o mountain_n and_o in_o the_o river_n many_o of_o which_o have_v not_o only_o their_o bank_n cover_v with_o they_o but_o also_o the_o bottom_n of_o their_o channel_n and_o that_o for_o great_a space_n together_o which_o as_o they_o be_v o●_n all_o size_n and_o fashion_n so_o of_o very_o different_a colour_n sect._n 6._o of_o the_o slate_n in_o sundry_a part_n of_o ireland_n slate_n be_v find_v in_o great_a abundance_n and_o that_o nothing_o deep_a within_o the_o ground_n just_a in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o freestone_n so_o as_o it_o may_v be_v raise_v with_o little_a charge_n and_o labour_n wherefore_o at_o all_o time_n it_o have_v be_v much_o use_v by_o the_o english_a inhabitant_n for_o the_o cover_n of_o their_o house_n and_o other_o building_n nevertheless_o some_o year_n since_o in_o place_n near_o the_o sea_n especial_o at_o dublin_n that_o kind_n of_o holland_n tile_n which_o by_o they_o be_v call_v pannen_n begin_v to_o be_v use_v general_o the_o merchant_n cause_v they_o to_o be_v bring_v in_o from_o thence_o in_o great_a abundance_n because_o in_o ireland_n they_o have_v neither_o convenient_a stuff_n to_o make_v they_o of_o nor_o workman_n skilful_a in_o that_o business_n although_o the_o common_a tile_n usual_a in_o many_o part_n of_o england_n and_o other_o country_n be_v make_v and_o use_v in_o several_a place_n within_o the_o land_n beside_o these_o there_o be_v another_o kind_n of_o cover_v in_o use_n both_o for_o church_n and_o house_n to_o wit_n a_o certain_a sort_n of_o wooden_a tile_n vulgar_o call_v shingles_n the_o which_o be_v sight_n enough_o at_o the_o first_o but_o do_v not_o many_o year_n continue_v so_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o change_v they_o often_o which_o thing_n proper_o not_o appertain_v to_o this_o chapter_n we_o nevertheless_o for_o affinity_n sake_n have_v think_v not_o amiss_o here_o to_o mention_v some_o year_n ago_o another_o kind_n of_o slate_n have_v be_v discover_v in_o ireland_n which_o for_o the_o colours-sake_n be_v call_v black-slate_n be_v of_o a_o blackish_a colour_n which_o be_v come_v into_o great_a esteem_n not_o so_o much_o for_o the_o ordinary_a use_n of_o cover_v house_n for_o which_o they_o be_v no_o better_a than_o common_a slate_n but_o because_o it_o have_v be_v find_v by_o experience_n very_o good_a and_o medicinal_a against_o several_a disease_n especial_o to_o stay_v all_o kind_n of_o bleed_v and_o to_o hinder_v that_o after_o fall_v and_o bruise_n the_o blood_n do_v not_o congeal_v within_o the_o body_n sect._n 7._o of_o the_o sea-coal_n the_o tree_n and_o wood_n have_v be_v so_o much_o destroy_v in_o ireland_n as_o heretofore_o we_o have_v show_v and_o consequent_o wood_n for_o fire_v be_v very_o dear_a in_o great_a part_n of_o the_o land_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v necessitate_v to_o make_v use_n of_o other_o fuel_n viz._n of_o turf_n and_o of_o sea-coal_n of_o the_o turf_n we_o shall_v speak_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n as_o for_o sea-coal_n they_o be_v the_o ordinary_a fire_n in_o dublin_n &_o in_o other_o place_n lie_v near_o the_o sea_n where_o the_o same_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n be_v bring_v in_o out_o of_o

england_n wales_n and_o scotland_n in_o great_a abundance_n and_o therefore_o reasonable_a cheap_a which_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o the_o less_o care_n have_v be_v take_v to_o find_v out_o coal-mine_n in_o ireland_n itself_o whereas_o otherwise_o it_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o person_n know_v in_o these_o matter_n that_o if_o diligent_a search_n be_v make_v for_o they_o in_o sundry_a part_n of_o the_o land_n good_a coal-mine_n will_v be_v discover_v this_o opinion_n be_v the_o more_o probable_a because_o that_o already_o one_o coal_n mine_n have_v be_v find_v out_o in_o ireland_n a_o few_o year_n since_o by_o mere_a hazard_n and_o without_o have_v be_v seek_v for_o the_o mine_n be_v in_o the_o province_n of_o leinster_n in_o the_o county_n of_o carlo_n seven_o mile_n from_o idof_n in_o the_o same_o hill_n where_o the_o iron-mine_a be_v of_o mr._n christopher_n wandsworth_n of_o who_o have_v be_v speak_v above_o in_o that_o iron-mine_a after_o that_o for_o a_o great_a while_o they_o have_v draw_v iron-oar_n out_o of_o it_o and_o that_o by_o degree_n they_o be_v go_v deep_a at_o last_o in_o lieu_n of_o oar_n they_o meet_v with_o sea-coal_n so_o as_o ever_o since_o all_o the_o people_n dwell_v in_o those_o part_n have_v use_v it_o for_o their_o fire_n find_v it_o very_o cheap_a for_o the_o load_n of_o a_o irish-car_n draw_v by_o one_o garron_n do_v stand_v they_o beside_o the_o charge_n of_o bring_v it_o in_o nine_o penny_n only_o three_o penny_n to_o the_o dig_a and_o six_o penny_n to_o the_o owner_n there_o be_v coal_n enough_o in_o this_o mine_n for_o to_o furnish_v a_o whole_a country_n nevertheless_o there_o be_v no_o use_n make_v of_o they_o further_o than_o among_o the_o neighbour_a inhabitant_n because_o the_o my_o be_v situate_v far_o from_o river_n the_o transportation_n be_v too_o chargeable_a by_o land_n these_o coal_n be_v very_o heavy_a and_o burn_v with_o little_a flame_n but_o lie_v like_o char-coal_n and_o continue_v so_o the_o space_n of_o seven_o or_o eight_o hour_n cast_v a_o very_a great_a and_o violent_a heat_n in_o the_o place_n where_o this_o mine_n stand_v do_v lie_v little_a smith-coal_n above_o the_o ground_n disperse_v every_o where_o in_o great_a quantity_n from_o whence_o the_o smith_n dwell_v in_o the_o part_n round_o about_o do_v use_v to_o come_v and_o fetch_v they_o even_o before_o the_o mine_n be_v discover_v chap._n xx._n of_o the_o turf_n lime_n and_o brick_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o make_v those_o thing_n in_o ireland_n item_n of_o the_o glass_n make_v in_o ireland_n sect._n 1_o of_o the_o two_o sort_n of_o irish-turf_n turf_n be_v very_o much_o use_v throughout_o all_o the_o land_n as_o we_o have_v say_v before_o be_v of_o two_o sor●s_n according_a to_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o bog●_n out_o of_o the_o which_o it_o be_v take_v that_o which_o be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o dry-bog_n or_o red-bog_n be_v light_n spongy_a of_o a_o red_a colour_n kindle_v easy_o and_o burn_v very_o clear_a but_o do_v not_o last_v the_o other_o to_o the_o contrary_a which_o be_v raise_v out_o of_o the_o green_a or_o wet_a bog_n be_v heavy_a firm_a black_a do_v not_o burn_v so_o soon_o nor_o with_o so_o great_a a_o flame_n but_o last_v a_o great_a while_n and_o make_v a_o very_a hot_a fire_n and_o leave_v foul_a yellowish_a ash_n it_o be_v the_o observation_n of_o woman_n that_o the_o linen_n which_o be_v dry_v by_o a_o fire_n make_v of_o this_o last_o sort_n of_o turf_n get_v a_o foul_a colour_n be_v it_o never_o so_o white_a wash_v and_o bleech_v and_o grow_v yellowish_a in_o that_o manner_n as_o that_o it_o can_v hardly_o be_v get_v out_o again_o sect._n 2._o the_o manner_n of_o make_v the_o turf_n the_o first_o sort_n of_o turf_n cost_v but_o little_a pain_n in_o the_o make_n for_o be_v dig_v and_o have_v eye_n some_o day_n a_o dry_v first_o spread_v out_o thin_a and_o single_a upon_o the_o ground_n and_o afterward_o pile_v up_o in_o little_a heap_n it_o be_v bring_v into_o the_o barn_n but_o black_a turf_n can_v be_v make_v without_o more_o trouble_n first_o they_o mark_v out_o convenient_a place_n for_o only_o those_o be_v fit_a for_o it_o to_o which_o some_o path_n do_v lead_v and_o which_o in_o themselves_o be_v not_o too_o miry_a and_o too_o deep_a but_o have_v a_o firm_a &_o sandy_a ground_n underneath_o within_o the_o space_n of_o four_o or_o five_o foot_n or_o thereabouts_o have_v find_v out_o such_o a_o place_n if_o it_o be_v too_o watery_a they_o make_v some_o trench_n into_o which_o the_o water_n descend_v out_o of_o that_o part_n of_o the_o bog_n wherein_o they_o intend_v to_o work_v may_v by_o they_o be_v carry_v to_o some_o place_n fit_a for_o to_o receive_v it_o to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o bog_n be_v thereby_o grow_v somewhat_o dryer_n and_o firm_a may_v the_o better_o bear_v the_o labourer_n without_o sink_v too_o deep_a into_o it_o then_o they_o fall_v to_o the_o business_n divide_v it_o so_o among_o the_o labourer_n that_o one_o part_n of_o they_o do_v dig_v out_o the_o earth_n or_o rather_o the_o mud_n for_o all_o the_o earth_n whereof_o this_o turf_n be_v make_v be_v thin_a and_o muddy_a and_o by_o spade●-full_a cast_n it_o on_o a_o heap_n either_o by_o the_o ●ide_v of_o the_o pit_n or_o some_o where_o within_o the_o same_o where_o other_o stand_v who_o very_o well_o work_v it_o turn_v it_o to_o and_o fro_o and_o then_o with_o their_o shovel_n fill_v it_o into_o certain_a wooden_a tray_n among_o the_o english_a in_o ireland_n peculiar_o call_v lossel_n the_o which_o be_v full_a another_o part_n of_o the_o labourer_n draw_v the_o same_o with_o great_a cord_n fasten_v to_o they_o to_o some_o dry_a place_n within_o the_o bog_n or_o by_o the_o side_n thereof_o where_o have_v pour_v out_o the_o mud_n they_o go_v back_o to_o fetch_v more_o and_o so_o go_v to_o and_o fro_o all_o day_n long_o on_o that_o dry_a place_n where_o the_o mud_n be_v pour_v forth_o sit_v certain_a woman_n upon_o their_o knee_n who_o mould_n the_o mud_n use_v nothing_o else_o to_o it_o but_o their_o hand_n between_o the_o which_o take_v a_o part_n of_o it_o they_o press_v they_o together_o in_o that_o manner_n that_o their_o hand_n meet_v above_o the_o turf_n be_v fashion_v flat_a and_o broad_o beneath_o grow_v narrow_a towards_o the_o top_n which_o be_v do_v the_o turf_n be_v let_v lie_n upon_o the_o ground_n the_o space_n of_o a_o week_n or_o more_o according_a as_o the_o weather_n be_v and_o be_v reasonable_o well_o dry_v it_o be_v pile_v up_o in_o little_a heap_n leave_v every_o where_o empty_a space_n between_o that_o the_o air_n and_o the_o wind_n pass_v through_o they_o they_o may_v dry_v the_o soon_o sect._n 3_o the_o charge_n of_o make_v turf_n ireland_n be_v so_o full_a of_o bog_n that_o every_o man_n almost_o have_v bog_n enough_o upon_o his_o own_o land_n to_o make_v turf_n for_o his_o family_n and_o for_o all_o his_o tenant_n so_o that_o the_o turf_n do_v cost_v most_o man_n no_o more_o than_o the_o hire_n of_o the_o labourer_n who_o be_v employ_v about_o it_o those_o that_o begin_v early_o in_o the_o year_n whilst_o the_o labourer_n have_v but_o little_a employment_n give_v ordinary_o beside_o meat_n and_o drink_n three_o penny_n sterling_a a_o day_n to_o every_o man_n and_o two_o penny_n to_o every_o woman_n four_o penny_n a_o day_n be_v the_o ordinary_a price_n and_o when_o it_o be_v be_v at_o the_o dear_a five_o penny_n twenty_o man_n make_v in_o two_o or_o three_o day_n as_o much_o turf_n as_o be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o whole_a year_n fire_v of_o a_o great_a family_n of_o which_o number_n five_o man_n do_v dig_v and_o cast_v up_o the_o mud_n five_o wrought_v it_o and_o fill_v it_o into_o the_o tray_n and_o ten_o be_v busy_v in_o draw_v the_o tray_n to_o the_o place_n where_o the_o turf_n be_v mould_v by_o the_o woman_n who_o go_v so_o nimble_o to_o work_v with_o it_o that_o only_o two_o of_o they_o be_v sufficient_a to_o keep_v twenty_o man_n at_o work_n sect._n 4._o of_o the_o lime_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o make_v it_o of_o limestone_n all_o the_o lime_n in_o ireland_n be_v make_v not_o of_o the_o shell_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o shellfish_n as_o in_o holland_n and_o some_o other_o country_n but_o only_o of_o stone_n and_o the_o gray_a freestone_n whereof_o we_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o precedent_a chapter_n be_v very_o fit_a for_o it_o especial_o when_o it_o be_v not_o new_o come_v out_o of_o the_o quarry_n but_o take_v off_o old_a building_n but_o a_o peculiar_a sort_n of_o stone_n proper_o call_v limestone_n be_v best_a for_o it_o this_o stone_n be_v of_o a_o gray_a colour_n tend_v to_o a_o dark_a blue_a which_o be_v break_v a_o white_a dust_n

of_o god_n from_o the_o least_o to_o the_o great_a and_o although_o the_o father_n have_v reserve_v in_o his_o own_o hand_n the_o time_n and_o season_n wherein_o these_o promise_n be_v to_o be_v fulfil_v yet_o as_o by_o the_o dawn_n of_o the_o day_n we_o can_v know_v that_o the_o sun_n be_v near_o rise_v so_o by_o the_o break_n of_o yoke_n &_o the_o break_v forth_o of_o the_o mean_n of_o more_o perfect_a knowledge_n both_o in_o natural_a and_o spiritual_a thing_n we_o may_v see_v the_o draw_v near_o of_o the_o promise_n which_o will_v in_o their_o own_o time_n constitute_v the_o day_n of_o salvation_n unto_o all_o the_o earth_n wherein_o all_o flesh_n shall_v see_v the_o glory_n of_o the_o lord_n together_o 5._o the_o expectation_n of_o this_o day_n be_v the_o hope_n of_o israel_n and_o those_o that_o wait_v for_o the_o lord_n and_o his_o appearance_n therein_o shall_v find_v a_o plenteous_a redemption_n namely_o such_o as_o have_v this_o hope_n purify_v themselves_o that_o they_o may_v be_v find_v in_o peace_n at_o his_o appear_v and_o such_o as_o be_v solicitous_a to_o bestow_v their_o talent_n in_o their_o way_n and_o generation_n to_o the_o advancement_n of_o his_o approach_a kingdom_n shall_v approve_v themselves_o as_o faithful_a servant_n to_o he_o in_o that_o day_n of_o this_o number_n i_o be_o persuade_v your_o honour_n be_v in_o these_o nation_n as_o lead_v man_n therefore_o i_o have_v make_v bold_a thus_o to_o address_v myself_o unto_o you_o and_o to_o inscribe_v this_o work_n unto_o your_o name_n that_o it_o may_v see_v the_o light_n under_o your_o joint_a patronage_n god_n have_v make_v you_o very_o eminent_a instrument_n to_o set_v forward_o one_o part_n of_o the_o preparative_n of_o his_o great_a work_n the_o break_v of_o our_o yoke_n the_o other_o part_n which_o be_v the_o advancement_n of_o spiritual_a and_o natural_a sanctify_a knowledge_n your_o zeal_n i_o be_o sure_a will_v carry_v you_o to_o countenance_n by_o the_o way_n which_o providence_n shall_v open_v unto_o you._n therefore_o i_o hope_v it_o will_v not_o be_v without_o acceptance_n what_o in_o this_o kind_n though_o but_o a_o mean_a beginning_n i_o have_v here_o offer_v your_o influence_n upon_o it_o to_o set_v forward_o learned_a endeavour_n of_o this_o nature_n for_o a_o public_a good_a may_v be_v a_o blessing_n unto_o posterity_n and_o your_o relation_n of_o eminent_a note_n unto_o ireland_n to_o watch_v for_o the_o good_a thereof_o and_o to_o the_o university_n of_o oxford_n and_o dublin_n to_o countenance_v all_o the_o mean_n of_o profitable_a learning_n have_v encourage_v i_o to_o make_v this_o dedication_n beside_o the_o expression_n of_o your_o honour_n willingness_n to_o favour_v i_o in_o my_o undertake_n which_o i_o know_v no_o way_n so_o well_o to_o resent_v as_o by_o offer_v to_o your_o generous_a inclination_n the_o object_n which_o be_v worthy_a of_o be_v consider_v and_o set_v forward_o in_o order_n to_o a_o common_a good_a i_o look_v also_o somewhat_o upon_o the_o hopeful_a appearance_n of_o replant_n ireland_n short_o not_o only_o by_o the_o adventurer_n but_o happy_o by_o the_o call_n in_o of_o exile_a bohemian_n and_o other_o protestant_n also_o and_o happy_o by_o the_o invitation_n of_o some_o well_o affect_v out_o of_o the_o low_a country_n which_o to_o advance_v be_v thought_n suitable_a to_o your_o noble_a genius_n and_o to_o further_a the_o setlement_n thereof_o the_o natural_a history_n of_o that_o country_n will_v not_o be_v unfit_a but_o very_o subservient_fw-fr thus_o beseech_v the_o lord_n to_o prosper_v all_o your_o undertake_n to_o the_o glory_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o christ_n i_o take_v my_o leave_n and_o rest_v unfeigned_o your_o honour_n most_o humble_a servant_n samuel_n hartlib_n to_o the_o reader_n gentle_a reader_n some_o particular_n there_o be_v concern_v this_o follow_a work_n of_o which_o i_o think_v it_o sit_v you_o shall_v be_v advertise_v and_o for_o as_o much_o as_o i_o can_v tell_v you_o no_o more_o of_o they_o than_o what_o be_v write_v to_o i_o by_o the_o author_n most_o love_a and_o learned_a brother_n give_v i_o leave_v in_o stead_n of_o my_o own_o word_n to_o present_v you_o with_o his_o say_a letter_n on_o that_o subject_n be_v such_o as_o do_v follow_v sir_n i_o be_o very_o glad_a to_o understand_v by_o you_o that_o my_o brother_n work_n of_o the_o natural_a history_n of_o ireland_n be_v not_o only_o not_o lose_v as_o i_o great_o fear_v i●_n be_v and_o that_o you_o have_v find_v it_o in_o peruse_v those_o book_n and_o paper_n of_o he_o which_o he_o have_v leave_v behind_o he_o at_o london_n but_o that_o you_o be_v a_o go_v to_o print_v it_o and_o have_v already_o contract_v about_o it_o by_o the_o do_v whereof_o i_o be_o full_o persuade_v that_o you_o will_v gain_v both_o credit_n and_o contentment_n and_o that_o those_o shall_v no_o way_n be_v loser_n who_o will_v be_v at_o the_o charge_n of_o do_v the_o same_o for_o though_o i_o say_v it_o the_o work_n be_v excellent_a in_o its_o kind_n as_o not_o only_o full_a of_o truth_n and_o certainty_n but_o write_v with_o much_o judgement_n order_n &_o exactness_n so_o as_o it_o be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o most_o natural_a history_n of_o particular_a country_n and_o may_v well_o be_v equal_v to_o the_o very_o best_a for_o as_o much_o as_o there_o be_v do_v of_o it_o for_o to_o make_v it_o a_o complete_a natural_a history_n there_o shall_v be_v join_v to_o that_o which_o my_o brother_n have_v go_v through_o two_o book_n more_o the_o one_o of_o all_o kind_n of_o plant_n and_o the_o other_o of_o all_o sort_n of_o live_a creature_n which_o also_o may_v have_v be_v expect_v of_o he_o if_o god_n have_v give_v he_o long_o life_n for_o he_o intend_v assoon_o as_o he_o have_v publish_v this_o part_n to_o have_v fall_v also_o to_o the_o rest_n if_o he_o have_v find_v that_o he_o have_v not_o lose_v his_o labour_n on_o what_o be_v do_v already_o &_o that_o it_o have_v meet_v with_o a_o grateful_a acceptance_n abroad_o such_o as_o may_v have_v encourage_v he_o to_o take_v further_a pain_n ●bout_o the_o perfect_a of_o it_o in_o which_o case_n he_o be_v resolve_v to_o have_v also_o join_v a_o four_o book_n to_o those_o other_o three_o concern_v the_o native_n of_o ireland_n and_o their_o old_a fashion_n law_n and_o custom_n as_o likewise_o the_o great_a pain_n take_v by_o the_o english_a ever_o since_o the_o conquest_n for_o to_o civilize_v they_o and_o to_o improve_v the_o country_n you_o say_v you_o wonder_v &_o other_o may_v just_o concur_v with_o you_o in_o that_o your_o wonderment_n how_o a_o country_n can_v be_v so_o accurate_o describe_v by_o one_o who_o never_o be_v in_o it_o for_o although_o my_o brother_n have_v be_v in_o ireland_n and_o that_o he_o have_v end_v his_o day_n there_o yet_o he_o have_v both_o begin_v and_o finish_v this_o first_o book_n of_o his_o natural_a history_n of_o ireland_n some_o year_n before_o he_o go_v thither_o or_o have_v any_o thought_n of_o do_v so_o see_v that_o he_o begin_v to_o write_v that_o work_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1645._o and_o make_v a_o end_n of_o it_o long_o before_o the_o end_n of_o the_o same_o year_n whereas_o he_o go_v not_o to_o ireland_n until_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o year_n 1649._o &_o die_v at_o dublin_n within_o a_o very_a short_a while_n after_o he_o be_v arrive_v there_o viz._n on_o the_o 19_o of_o january_n 16_o ●0_n 49._o now_o to_o answer_v that_o difficulty_n move_v by_o you_o be_v please_v to_o know_v that_o i_o be_v come_v from_o dublin_n to_o london_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o may_n 1644._o and_o have_v stay_v there_o until_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o october_n great_a part_n of_o that_o conversation_n which_o he_o and_o i_o have_v together_o during_o those_o six_o month_n be_v spend_v in_o reason_v about_o ireland_n and_o about_o all_o manner_n of_o particular_n concern_v the_o moral_a and_o civil_a but_o chiesly_a the_o natural_a history_n of_o the_o same_o my_o brother_n be_v very_o careful_a to_o inform_v himself_o of_o i_o about_o all_o thing_n appertain_v thereunto_o for_o beside_o that_o his_o curiosity_n which_o be_v very_o great_a for_o to_o enrich_v his_o mind_n with_o all_o manner_n of_o laudable_a knowledge_n be_v of_o itself_o alone_o capable_a enough_o for_o to_o make_v he_o inquisitive_a in_o that_o kind_n he_o be_v therebesides_a lead_v thereto_o by_o his_o own_o interest_n have_v venture_v great_a part_n of_o his_o estate_n upon_o the_o escheat_v land_n there_o according_a to_o the_o several_a act_n make_v by_o the_o king_n and_o parliament_n in_o that_o behalf_n and_o have_v set_v down_o in_o write_v what_o he_o have_v so_o hear_v of_o i_o he_o confer_v afterward_o about_o the_o same_o

north_n to_o the_o south_n &_o then_o from_o the_o south_n to_o the_o west_n it_o run_v altogether_o slope_v from_o the_o north-east_n to_o the_o south-west_n and_o there_o beside_o it_o stretch_v itself_o much_o further_o into_o the_o sea_n with_o its_o western_a shore_n than_o any_o other_o part_n of_o ireland_n on_o the_o same_o westside_n as_o for_o the_o bigness_n thereof_o questionless_a it_o be_v to_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o chief_a land_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n and_o of_o europe_n the_o principale_a of_o all_o except_o only_a great-britain_n the_o which_o be_v more_o than_o twice_o as_o big_a for_o be_v as_o long_o again_o as_o it_o be_v broad_a it_o be_v at_o the_o narrow_a which_o be_v just_a in_o the_o middle_n where_o dublin_n be_v situate_v no_o less_o than_o a_o hundred_o mile_n broad_a see_v that_o atlone_a which_o lie_v just_o half_a way_n betwixt_o the_o two_o sea_n be_v fifty_o mile_n distant_a from_o dublin_n and_o in_o ulster_n where_o ireland_n be_v at_o its_o broad_a it_o be_v in_o most_o place_n ten_o or_o twelve_o and_o in_o some_o twenty_o mile_n broad_a in_o the_o length_n if_o from_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o northern_a coast_n one_o do_v go_v direct_o southward_o one_o shall_v find_v it_o to_o be_v about_o two_o hundred_o mile_n but_o if_o you_o shape_v your_o course_n more_o to_o the_o east_n the_o length_n will_v be_v find_v less_o by_o some_o mile_n because_o the_o cost_n of_o munster_n run_v so_o slope_v as_o we_o have_v say_v before_o and_o to_o the_o contrary_a if_o one_o measure_v the_o length_n of_o ireland_n more_o to_o the_o west_n it_o will_v be_v find_v to_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n more_o than_o two_o hundred_o mile_n and_o if_o the_o measure_n be_v take_v not_o through_o the_o inland-part_n as_o now_o we_o have_v frame_v it_o but_o all_o along_o the_o seashore_n the_o length_n will_v amount_v to_o a_o great_a deal_n more_o than_o what_o now_o we_o have_v declare_v as_o well_o on_o the_o east_n as_o on_o the_o west_n side_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o inequality_n of_o the_o coast_n and_o of_o the_o great_a bay_n and_o foreland_n which_o make_v it_o in_o most_o place_n very_o much_o run_v out_o to_o the_o seaward_o or_o into_o the_o landward_o for_o which_o same_o reason_n the_o circuit_n of_o the_o whole_a island_n take_v alongst_o the_o shore_n be_v by_o far_o great_a than_o otherwise_o the_o proportion_n of_o its_o length_n and_o breadth_n will_v seem_v to_o require_v the_o mile_n here_o mention_v must_v be_v understand_v not_o of_o the_o common_a english_a one_o three_o whereof_o make_v one_o league_n or_o holland_n mile_n but_o of_o the_o irish_a the_o which_o be_v about_o one_o five_o part_n big_a so_o as_o five_o irish_a mile_n do_v amount_v to_o about_o six_o english_a sect._n 4._o division_n of_o ireland_n into_o province_n and_o county_n this_o island_n be_v divide_v into_o four_o principal_a part_n call_v province_n viz._n ulster_n leinster_n connaught_n and_o munster_n of_o which_o the_o first_o and_o the_o last_o extend_v themselves_o from_o the_o one_o sea_n to_o the_o other_o ulster_n in_o the_o north_n and_o munster_n in_o the_o south_n leinster_n &_o connaught_n lie_v betwixt_o those_o two_o forename_a province_n have_v the_o sea_n only_o on_o one_o side_n connaught_n on_o the_o west_n and_o leinster_n on_o the_o east_n to_o these_o four_o most_o writer_n and_o record_n add_v a_o five_o called_z meath_z but_o that_o be_v real_o a_o part_n of_o leinster_n and_o ordinary_o now_o be_v hold_v to_o be_v such_o each_o of_o these_o province_n be_v again_o divide_v into_o divers_a county_n ulster_n have_v eleven_o whereof_o six_o on_o the_o seaside_n viz._n fermanagh_n doneghall_n alias_o tirconnel_n colraine_n antrim_n down_n lowth_n and_o five_o within_o the_o land_n viz._n cavan_n monaghan_n armahg_n nether-tirone_n &_o upper-tirone_n leinster_n comprehend_v likewise_o eleven_o county_n dublin_n wickloe_n and_o wexford_n on_o the_o seaside_n east-meath_a and_o catherlogh_n or_o carlo_n within_o the_o land_n but_o with_o a_o little_a nook_n reach_v unto_o the_o sea_n west-meath_a kildare_n kilkenny_n kings-county_n queenes-county_n and_o longford_n altogether_o within_o the_o land_n munster_n be_v divide_v into_o six_o county_n two_o within_o the_o land_n viz._n tipperary_n and_o limmerick_n and_o the_o other_o four_o waterford_n cork_n desmond_n and_o kerry_n situate_v on_o the_o seaside_n but_o stretch_v themselves_o a_o great_a way_n into_o the_o land_n in_o connaught_n there_o be_v six_o county_n viz._n clare_n alias_o tomond_n galloway_n majo_n and_o sleigo_fw-es situate_v on_o the_o sea_n and_o roscomen_fw-mi and_o letcim_fw-la within_o the_o land_n sect._n 5._o of_o the_o english_a pale_a there_o be_v yet_o another_o division_n of_o ireland_n whereby_o the_o whole_a land_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o part_n the_o english_a pale_a and_o the_o land_n of_o the_o mere_a irish._n the_o english_a pale_a comprehend_v only_o four_o county_n one_o whereof_o be_v in_o ulster_n viz._n louth_n and_o the_o other_o three_o in_o leinster_n to_o wit_n meath_z dublin_n and_o kildare_n the_o original_a of_o which_o division_n be_v this_o the_o english_a at_o the_o first_o conquest_n under_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o have_v within_o a_o little_a time_n conquer_v great_a part_n of_o ireland_n do_v afterward_o in_o the_o space_n of_o not_o very_o many_o year_n make_v themselves_o master_n of_o almost_o all_o the_o rest_n have_v expel_v the_o native_n call_v the_o wild_a irish_a because_o that_o in_o all_o manner_n of_o wildness_n they_o may_v be_v compare_v with_o the_o most_o barbarous_a nation_n of_o the_o earth_n into_o the_o desert_a wood_n and_o mountain_n but_o afterward_o be_v fall_v at_o odds_n among_o themselves_o and_o make_v several_a great_a war_n the_o one_o upon_o the_o other_o the_o irish_a thereby_o get_v the_o opportunity_n to_o recover_v now_o this_o and_o then_o that_o part_n of_o the_o land_n whereby_o and_o through_o the_o degenerate_v of_o a_o great_a many_o from_o time_n to_o time_n who_o join_v themselves_o with_o the_o irish_a take_v upon_o they_o their_o wild_a fashion_n and_o their_o language_n the_o english_a in_o length_n of_o time_n come_v to_o be_v so_o much_o weaken_v that_o at_o last_o nothing_o remain_v to_o they_o of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n worth_a the_o speak_n of_o but_o the_o great_a city_n and_o the_o forename_a four_o county_n to_o who_o the_o name_n of_o pale_a be_v give_v because_o that_o the_o authority_n and_o government_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o the_o english_a colony_n or_o plantation_n which_o before_o have_v be_v spread_v over_o the_o whole_a land_n now_o be_v reduce_v to_o so_o small_a a_o compass_n and_o as_o it_o be_v empale_v within_o the_o same_o and_o although_o since_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o present_a age_n and_o since_o king_n jame_v his_o come_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n the_o whole_a island_n be_v reduce_v under_o the_o obedience_n and_o government_n of_o the_o english_a law_n and_o replenish_v with_o english_a and_o scotch_a colony_n nevertheless_o the_o name_n of_o english_a pale_a which_o in_o the_o old_a signification_n be_v now_o out_o of_o season_n remain_v in_o use_n and_o be_v so_o still_o even_o since_o this_o last_o bloody_a rebellion_n wherein_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o almost_o all_o the_o pale_a although_o all_o of_o they_o of_o english_a descent_n have_v conspire_v with_o the_o native_a irish_a for_o to_o shake_v off_o the_o government_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n and_o utter_o to_o extinguish_v the_o reform_a religion_n with_o all_o the_o professor_n thereof_o and_o quite_o to_o root_v they_o out_o of_o ireland_n sect._n 6._o city_n and_o chief_a town_n of_o ireland_n this_o island_n have_v in_o it_o several_a city_n among_o which_o dublin_n be_v the_o principal_a be_v the_o chief_a city_n of_o the_o whole_a commonwealth_n the_o residence_n of_o the_o governor_n the_o counsel_n of_o state_n all_o the_o great_a officer_n the_o exchequer_n judge_n and_o court_n of_o justice_n be_v also_o adorn_v with_o a_o university_n the_o only_a in_o all_o ireland_n it_o be_v situate_v in_o the_o province_n of_o leinster_n about_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o length_n of_o ireland_n as_o already_o have_v be_v mention_v not_o far_o from_o the_o sea_n a_o inlet_n whereof_o make_v a_o harbour_n for_o this_o city_n which_o harbour_n although_o none_o of_o the_o best_a of_o ireland_n whereof_o in_o the_o next_o chapter_n but_o one_o shall_v be_v speak_v more_o at_o large_a be_v nevertheless_o frequent_v with_o more_o ship_n and_o have_v great_a importation_n of_o all_o thing_n than_o any_o other_o haven_n in_o the_o kingdom_n by_o reason_n that_o all_o sort_n of_o commodity_n be_v much_o more_o ready_o &_o in_o great_a plenty_n vent_v here_o than_o any_o where_o else_o what_o in_o the_o city_n

kilacollie_a alias_o bailieborrough_n in_o the_o county_n of_o cavan_n which_o being_n ten_o mile_n long_o be_v almost_o nothing_o else_o but_o a_o continuance_n of_o hill_n of_o no_o great_a bigness_n all_o very_a fruitful_a land_n both_o pasture_n and_o arable_a in_o the_o county_n of_o westmeath_n from_o lough-crew_n to_o lough-sillon_a and_o beyond_o it_o as_o far_o as_o ballaneach_v where_o mr_n william_n fleve_v have_v build_v a_o fair_a house_n and_o farm_n ten_o year_n before_o the_o late_a detestable_a massacre_n and_o bloody_a rebellion_n of_o the_o irish._n these_o hill_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n low_a and_o small_a yet_o some_o of_o a_o good_a height_n and_o bigness_n the_o ground_n lean_a in_o many_o place_n very_o stony_a in_o some_o rocky_a not_o of_o any_o one_o continual_a rock_n but-by_a peecemeal_n here_o and_o there_o rise_v and_o appear_v yet_o be_v these_o hill_n in_o several_a place_n wet_a and_o moorish_a aswell_o in_o the_o rocky_a as_o other_o part_n these_o hill_n serve_v only_o for_o pasture_n of_o sheep_n in_o the_o major_a part_n of_o the_o mountainous_a country_n of_o wickloe_n the_o which_o beginning_n five_o mile_n to_o the_o south_n of_o dublin_n do_v extend_v itself_o above_o fifty_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o in_o several_a other_o part_n it_o have_v be_v observe_v in_o many_o part_n of_o ireland_n but_o chief_o in_o the_o county_n of_o meath_z and_o further_a northward_o that_o upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o great_a hill_n and_o mountain_n not_o only_o at_o the_o side_n and_o foot_n of_o they_o to_o this_o day_n the_o ground_n be_v uneven_a as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v plough_v in_o former_a time_n the_o inhabitant_n do_v affirm_v that_o their_o forefather_n be_v much_o give_v to_o tillage_n contrary_a to_o what_o they_o be_v now_o use_v to_o turn_v all_o to_o plow-land_n other_o say_v that_o it_o be_v do_v for_o want_v of_o arable_a because_o the_o champain_n be_v most_o every_a where_o beset_v and_o over_o spread_v with_o wood_n which_o by_o degree_n be_v destroy_v by_o the_o war_n they_o say_v further_o that_o in_o those_o time_n in_o place_n where_o nothing_o now_o be_v to_o be_v see_v but_o great_a log_n of_o a_o vast_a extent_n there_o be_v thick_a wood_n which_o they_o collect_v from_o hence_o that_o now_o &_o then_o tree_n be_v dig_v out_o there_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n some_o yard_n long_o and_o some_o of_o a_o very_a great_a bigness_n and_o length_n sect._n 4._o of_o the_o high_a sort_n of_o mountain_n in_o ireland_n as_o for_o those_o other_o mountain_n the_o which_o with_o a_o excessive_a height_n rise_v up_o towards_o the_o sky_n they_o be_v not_o very_o common_a in_o ireland_n and_o yet_o some_o there_o be_v which_o although_o not_o comparable_a with_o the_o pyrenaei_n lie_v between_o france_n and_o spain_n with_o the_o alps_n which_o divide_v italy_n from_o france_n and_o germany_n or_o with_o other_o mountain_n of_o the_o like_a vast_a height_n nevertheless_o may_v just_o be_v count_v among_o the_o lofty_a mountain_n of_o this_o number_n be_v the_o mountain_n of_o carlingford_n betwixt_o dundalke_n and_o carlingford_n the_o which_o in_o a_o clear_a day_n may_v easy_o be_v see_v from_o the_o mountain_n to_o the_o south_n of_o dublin_n the_o which_o be_v more_o than_o forty_o mile_n distant_a from_o they_o the_o mountain_n about_o lough_n suillie_n in_o the_o north-part_n of_o ulster_n the_o which_o may_v be_v see_v many_o mile_n off_o in_o the_o sea_n the_o curlews_n that_o sever_v the_o county_n of_o slego_n and_o roscoman_n in_o connaught_n the_o twelve_o mountain_n in_o the_o north-quarter_n of_o the_o county_n of_o tipperary_n in_o munster_n the_o which_o far_o exceed_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o mountain_n there_o be_v know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o twelve_o hill_n of_o phelim●ghe_a madonna_n knock-patrick_n in_o the_o west_n part_n of_o the_o county_n of_o limmerick_n not_o far_o from_o the_o bay_n of_o limmerick_n which_o mountain_n can_v be_v se●n_v by_o the_o ship_n which_o be_v a_o huge-way_n from_o the_o land_n yet_o the_o mountain_n of_o brandon_n hill_n in_o the_o county_n of_o kerry_n to_o the_o east_n of_o the_o haven_n of_o smerwick_n the_o which_o be_v discover_v by_o the_o seafaring_a man_n when_o they_o be_v above_o fifty_o mile_n from_o the_o land_n in_o the_o northwest_n quarter_n of_o the_o county_n of_o waterford_n call_v slew-boine_a that_o in_o the_o mountainous_a country_n of_o wickloe_n which_o for_o its_o fashion_n sake_n be_v common_o call_v the_o sugarloaf_n and_o may_v be_v see_v very_o many_o mile_n off_o not_o only_o by_o those_o that_o be_v upon_o the_o sea_n but_o even_o into_o the_o land_n sect._n 5._o nature_n of_o the_o ground_n in_o ireland_n and_o of_o the_o fruitful_a ground_n next_o to_o the_o foregoing_a division_n of_o ireland_n take_v from_o the_o fashion_n and_o outward_a form_n of_o the_o land_n come_v to_o be_v consider_v that_o which_o consist_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o soil_n or_o ground_n some_o part_n of_o the_o country_n be_v fruitful_a and_o other_o barren_a the_o fertile_a soil_n be_v in_o some_o place_n a_o blackish_a earth_n in_o other_o clay_n and_o in_o many_o part_n mix_v of_o both_o together_o as_o likewise_o there_o be_v sundry_a place_n where_o the_o ground_n be_v mix_v of_o earth_n and_o sand_n sand_n and_o clay_n gravel_n and_o clay_n or_o earth_n but_o the_o chalke-ground_n and_o red_a earth_n which_o both_o be_v very_o plentiful_a and_o common_a in_o many_o part_n of_o england_n be_v no_o where_o to_o be_v find_v in_o ireland_n these_o ground_n differ_v among_o themselves_o in_o goodness_n and_o fatness_n not_o only_o according_a to_o the_o different_a nature_n of_o the_o soil_n whereof_o they_o consist_v but_o also_o according_a to_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o mould_n or_o uppermost_a good_a crust_n &_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o ground_n which_o lie_v next_o to_o it_o underneath_o for_o the_o best_a and_o rich_a soil_n if_o but_o half_a a_o foot_n or_o a_o foot_n deep_a and_o if_o lie_v upon_o a_o stiffie_a clay_n or_o hard_a stone_n be_v not_o so_o fertile_a as_o a_o lean_a soil_n of_o great_a depth_n and_o lie_v upon_o sand_n or_o gravel_n through_o which_o the_o superfluous_a moisture_n may_v descend_v and_o not_o stand_v still_o as_o upon_o the_o clay_n or_o stone_n make_v cold_a the_o root_n of_o the_o grass_n of_o corn_n and_o so_o hurt_v the_o whole_a there_o be_v indeed_o some_o country_n in_o ireland_n where_o the_o ground_n underneath_o be_v nothing_o but_o stone_n and_o the_o good_a mould_n upon_o it_o but_o very_o thin_a it_o be_v nevertheless_o very_o fruitful_a in_o corn_n and_o bring_v sweet_a grass_n in_o great_a plenty_n so_o as_o sheep_n &_o other_o cattle_n do_v wonderful_a well_o thrive_v there_o which_o kind_n of_o land_n be_v very_o common_a in_o the_o county_n of_o galloway_n and_o in_o some_o other_o county_n of_o connaught_n as_o also_o in_o sundry_a part_n of_o the_o other_o province_n but_o the_o reason_n thereof_o be_v in_o those_o part_n because_o the_o stone_n whereon_o the_o mould_n do_v lie_v so_o thin_o be_v not_o freestone_n or_o any_o such_o cold_a material_a but_o limestone_n which_o do_v so_o warm_a the_o ground_n and_o give_v it_o so_o much_o strength_n that_o what_o it_o want_v in_o depth_n be_v thereby_o large_o recompense_v sect._n 6._o cause_n hinder_v the_o fruitfulness_n of_o the_o ground_n where_o the_o soil_n otherwise_o be_v not_o bad_a except_o in_o the_o case_n now_o by_o we_o declare_v neither_o corn_n nor_o grass_n will_v grow_v kind_o where_o the_o ground_n though_o otherwise_o good_a be_v not_o deep_a enough_o as_o also_o where_o it_o have_v a_o bad_a crust_n underneath_o from_o whence_o it_o come_v that_o in_o many_o place_n where_o the_o grass_n do_v grow_v very_o thick_a and_o high_a the_o same_o nevertheless_o be_v so_o unfit_a for_o the_o food_n of_o beast_n that_o cow_n and_o sheep_n will_v hardly_o touch_v it_o especial_o if_o they_o have_v be_v keep_v in_o better_a pasture_n first_o except_o that_o by_o extreme_a famine_n they_o be_v compel_v thereto_o and_o that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o coarsness_n and_o sourness_n of_o the_o grass_n cause_v by_o the_o stand_n still_o of_o the_o water_n the_o which_o through_o the_o unfitness_n of_o the_o nether_a crust_n find_v not_o a_o free_a passage_n downward_o make_v cold_a the_o good_a mould_n and_o the_o crop_n and_o grass_n degenerate_a from_o its_o natural_a goodness_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n the_o land_n in_o many_o part_n where_o otherwise_o the_o soil_n in_o itself_o will_v be_v fit_a enough_o to_o produce_v good_a wheat_n or_o barley_n will_v hardly_o bear_v any_o thing_n else_o but_o oat_n or_o rye_n and_o that_o none_o of_o the_o best_a as_o in_o other_o part_n the_o fault_n be_v in_o the_o soil_n itself_o

short_a time_n the_o use_n thereof_o grow_v very_o common_a among_o they_o so_o as_o many_o of_o ●hem_n ever_o after_o use_v no_o other_o kind_n of_o dung_n the_o manner_n of_o it_o be_v thus_o having_n first_o plough_v their_o field_n they_o carry_v the_o lime_n on_o they_o and_o lay_v it_o in_o many_o small_a heap_n leave_v a_o convenient_a distance_n between_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o use_v to_o be_v do_v with_o the_o dung_n of_o beast_n and_o have_v let_v they_o lie_v for_o some_o month_n they_o plough_v the_o land_n again_o to_o convey_v the_o lime_n into_o the_o ground_n this_o make_v it_o so_o rich_a that_o in_o a_o great_a while_n after_o nothing_o else_o need_v to_o be_v do_v to_o it_o but_o to_o let_v the_o land_n at_o a_o certain_a revolution_n of_o time_n lie_v fallow_a no_o other_o manure_v at_o all_o be_v requisite_a for_o some_o year_n after_o and_o all_o that_o while_o the_o land_n be_v very_o fruitful_a more_o than_o it_o can_v have_v be_v make_v with_o any_o ordinary_a dung_n and_o very_o free_a of_o all_o sort_n of_o bad_a herb_n and_o weed_n especial_o for_o the_o first_o year_n bring_v corn_n with_o much_o thin_a husk_n than_o that_o grow_n upon_o other_o land_n they_o find_v that_o the_o lime_n carry_v upon_o the_o land_n hot_a out_o of_o the_o kiln_n do_v more_o good_a in_o all_o the_o forementioned_a particular_n than_o when_o they_o let_v it_o grow_v cold_a first_o and_o this_o they_o can_v do_v very_o easy_o because_o limestone_n be_v very_o plentiful_a in_o that_o county_n especial_o in_o the_o town_n of_o monrath_n where_o there_o be_v a_o whole_a hill_n of_o that_o stone_n of_o that_o bigness_n that_o if_o all_o the_o adjacent_a country_n do_v continual_o fetch_v it_o from_o thence_o for_o the_o forename_a use_n it_o will_v for_o ever_o hold_v out_o sufficient_o the_o land_n thus_o manure_v and_o improve_v by_o lime_n show_v its_o fruitfulness_n not_o only_o in_o the_o follow_a year_n but_o even_o in_o the_o first_o except_o the_o lime_n have_v be_v lay_v on_o in_o undue_a proportion_n and_o in_o great_a quantity_n than_o be_v requisite_a for_o in_o that_o case_n the_o lime_n burn_v the_o corn_n and_o the_o first_o year_n crop_n be_v thereby_o spoil_v in_o some_o place_n where_o the_o land_n be_v not_o cold_a and_o moist_a enough_o to_o be_v able_a to_o endure_v mere_a lime_n they_o mix_v the_o lime_n with_o earth_n dig_v out_o of_o pit_n and_o let_v that_o stuff_n lie_v a_o mellow_n in_o great_a heap_n for_o some_o month_n together_o and_o afterward_o carry_v it_o on_o the_o land_n and_o manure_v that_o therewith_o sect._n 7._o a_o remarkable_a history_n concern_v the_o excellency_n of_o lime_n for_o the_o inricheng_fw-mi of_o the_o ground_n how_o incredible_o the_o land_n be_v enrich_v by_o this_o kind_n of_o manure_v may_v be_v gather_v by_o the_o ensue_a particular_a the_o whole_a lordship_n of_o mounrath_n be_v thirty_o year_n ago_o set_v by_o one_o mr._n downing_n who_o it_o be_v and_o who_o afterward_o sell_v it_o to_o sir_n charles_n coot_n for_o fifty_o pound_n sterling_a by_o the_o year_n and_o nevertheless_o after_o a_o while_n the_o farmer_n surrender_v it_o unto_o he_o complain_v that_o they_o can_v not_o live_v by_o it_o but_o be_v quite_o impoverish_v where_o as_o they_o who_o farm_a it_o next_o after_o they_o be_v people_n new_o come_v out_o of_o england_n &_o give_v a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o pound_n sterling_a a_o year_n st●rling_v for_o it_o do_v not_o only_o live_v very_o free_o upon_o it_o yea_o grow_v rich_a and_o wealthy_a but_o withal_o do_v so_o far_o forth_o improve_v the_o land_n partly_o indeed_o with_o building_n plaut_a hedge_v and_o the_o like_a but_o chief_o by_o this_o kind_n of_o manue_v that_o ●t_a the_o time_n when_o this_o last_o horrible_a rebellion_n break_v forth_o the_o same_o lordship_n if_o it_o have_v be_v to_o let_v out_o then_o mighe_o have_v be_v let_v for_o five_o hundred_o pound_n sterling_a a_o year_n as_o it_o have_v be_v assure_v i_o by_o some_o who_o themselves_o have_v be_v farmer_n of_o that_o land_n sect._n 8._o another_o history_n show_v the_o efficacy_n of_o lime_n in_o this_o particular_a before_o we_o give_v over_o this_o discourse_n of_o lime_n we_o shall_v add_v to_o what_o have_v be_v say_v already_o that_o in_o some_o other_o part_n of_o ireland_n where_o this_o manure_n with_o lime_n be_v not_o use_v nor_o know_v the_o virtue_n of_o lime_n in_o this_o particular_a have_v be_v find_v out_o by_o mere_a chance_n for_o some_o person_n know_v to_o i_o who_o live_v but_o a_o few_o mile_n from_o dublin_n have_v understand_v that_o the_o crow_n wherewith_o they_o be_v much_o plague_v and_o who_o do_v use_v to_o make_v very_o great_a spoil_n of_o their_o grain_n will_v not_o touch_v the_o corn_n wherewith_o the_o lime_n be_v mix_v do_v cause_n unslake_v lime_n to_o be_v mingle_v with_o water_n make_v it_o as_o thin_a as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v for_o the_o whiten_n of_o wall_n and_o very_o well_o bespringle_v the_o corn_n therewith_o before_o it_o be_v carry_v to_o the_o field_n to_o be_v sow_v and_o that_o after_o this_o manner_n the_o corn_n lie_v on_o a_o heap_n one_o turn_v it_o with_o both_o hand_n while_o another_o sprinkle_v on_o the_o foresaid_a stuff_n do_v so_o until_o the_o whole_a heap_n be_v thorough_o besprinkle_v at_o other_o time_n they_o mingle_v dry_a lime_n with_o the_o corn_n and_o afterward_o besprinkle_v the_o whole_a heap_n with_o fair_a water_n through_o and_o through_o for_o the_o same_o purpose_n and_o hereby_o they_o do_v not_o only_o obtain_v the_o aforesaid_a end_n of_o preserve_v the_o corn_n from_o the_o crow_n but_o have_v thereby_o a_o fair_a and_o better_a crop_n than_o ever_o before_o their_o land_n have_v produce_v sect._n 9_o of_o seasand_n lime_n be_v much_o use_v in_o the_o province_n of_o munster_n as_o in_o other_o part_n of_o ireland_n so_o for_o to_o manure_v the_o ground_n withal_o where_o the_o seasand_n likewise_o be_v great_o use_v to_o the_o same_o end_n not_o only_o in_o place_n lie_v on_o the_o seaside_n but_o even_o ten_o twelve_o and_o fifteen_o mile_n into_o the_o land_n whether_o it_o be_v carry_v in_o some_o place_n by_o boat_n and_o in_o other_o upon_o cart_n the_o charge_n be_v sufficient_o recompense_v by_o the_o pro●it_n come_v from_o it_o for_o they_o use_v it_o for_o the_o most_o part_n only_o upon_o very_o poor_a land_n consist_v of_o cold_a clay_n and_o that_o above_o half_a a_o foot_n deep_a which_o land_n have_v be_v three_o or_o f●ur_n time_n plough_v &_o harrow_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o be_v usual_a to_o be_v do_v with_o fallow_a the_o sand_n be_v straw_v all_o over_o very_o thin_o a_o little_a before_o the_o sow_a time_n the_o which_o be_v do_v that_o land_n bring_v very_o good_a corn_n of_o all_o sort_n not_o only_a rye_n and_o oates_n but_o even_o barley_n and_o wheat_n three_o year_n one_o after_o another_o and_o have_v lyen_fw-we fallow_a the_o four_o year_n for_o many_o year_n after_o it_o produce_v very_o clean_a and_o sweet_a grass_n whereas_o former_o and_o before_o it_o be_v thus_o manure_v it_o produce_v nothing_o but_o moss_n heath_n and_o short_a low_a furze_n which_o herb_n be_v fire_v upon_o the_o ground_n and_o the_o ground_n stub_a before_o it_o be_v plough_v the_o first_o time_n it_o be_v not_o any_o peculiar_a sort_n of_o seasand_n nor_o out_o of_o any_o particular_a place_n which_o be_v use_v for_o this_o purpose_n but_o that_o which_o every_o where_o lie_v on_o the_o strand_n and_o this_o manner_n of_o manure_v the_o land_n with_o seasand_n be_v very_o common_a in_o the_o two_o most_o westerly_a shire_n of_o england_n cornwall_n and_o devonshire_n from_o whence_o those_o who_o first_o practise_v it_o in_o ireland_n seem_v to_o have_v learn_v it_o sect._n 10._o of_o brine_n or_o pickle_n the_o goodness_n of_o the_o seasand_n consist_v chief_o in_o its_o saltness_n for_o which_o reason_n pickle_v itself_o be_v very_o good_a for_o this_o purpose_n it_o be_v very_o well_o know_v to_o several_a english_a dwelling_n about_o the_o band_n and_o colrain_n that_o be_v farmer_n of_o the_o salmon-fishing_a there_o who_o use_v every_o year_n careful_o to_o keep_v the_o soul_n pikle_n come_v of_o the_o salmon_n at_o their_o repack_n and_o have_v pour_v it_o among_o the_o ordinary_a dung_n of_o cattle_n and_o straw_n they_o do_v let_v they_o lie_v a_o good_a while_o a_o mellow_n together_o hereby_o it_o be_v great_o strengthen_v and_o enrich_v so_o that_o the_o land_n be_v dung_v with_o it_o do_v bear_v much_o better_a and_o rich_a crop_n than_o that_o which_o be_v manure_v only_o with_o common_a dung_n without_o the_o mixture_n of_o it_o chap._n xii_o sect._n 1_o of_o

nimble_a trick_n call_v common_o tread_v of_o the_o bog_n most_o irish_a be_v very_o expert_a as_o have_v be_v train_v up_o in_o it_o from_o their_o infancy_n the_o firm_a place_n in_o pass_v or_o but_o light_o shake_v they_o tremble_v for_o a_o great_a way_n which_o have_v give_v they_o the_o name_n of_o shaking-bog_n and_o where_o they_o be_v but_o of_o a_o small_a compass_n quagmire_n sect._n 5._o of_o the_o watery-bog_n and_o of_o the_o miry-bog_n the_o watery-bog_n be_v likewise_o clothe_v with_o grass_n but_o the_o water_n do_v not_o sink_v altogether_o into_o they_o as_o into_o the_o former_a but_o remain_v in_o part_n stand_v on_o the_o top_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o in_o some_o of_o the_o grassie-bog_n and_o in_o all_o the_o low_a pasture_n and_o meadow_n of_o holland_n by_o reason_n whereof_o these_o bog_n be_v not_o dangerous_a for_o every_o one_o at_o the_o first_o sight_n may_v easy_o discern_v they_o from_o the_o firm_a ground_n these_o two_o sort_n be_v in_o many_o part_n find_v apart_o and_o in_o other_o mix_v and_o interlace_v and_o likewise_o parcel_n both_o of_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o be_v find_v up_o and_o down_o in_o the_o moory-heath_n and_o red-bog_n both_o these_o sort_n as_o well_o the_o watery_a as_o the_o green-bog_n yield_v for_o the_o most_o part_n very_o good_a turf_n much_o better_a than_o the_o red-bog_n whereof_o more_o shall_v be_v speak_v hereafter_o the_o miry-bog_n do_v consist_v of_o mere_a mud_n and_o mire_n with_o very_o little_a or_o no_o grass_n upon_o they_o these_o be_v common_o of_o a_o very_a small_a compass_n whereas_o most_o part_n of_o the_o other_o two_o be_v of_o a_o notable_a extent_n and_o some_o of_o several_a mile_n in_o length_n and_o breadth_n sect._n 6._o of_o the_o hassockie-bog_n hassockie-bog_n we_o call_v those_o who_o ground_n be_v miry_a and_o muddy_a be_v cover_v over_o with_o water_n a_o foot_n or_o two_o deep_a in_o some_o place_n more_o in_o other_o less_o so_o as_o one_o will_v soon_o take_v they_o for_o lough_n be_v it_o not_o that_o they_o be_v very_o thick_o overspread_v with_o little_a tuft_n or_o ilet_n the_o which_o consist_v of_o reed_n rush_n high_a sour_a grass_n and_o sometime_o with_o little_a shrub_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v very_o small_a and_o have_v but_o a_o few_o foot_n in_o compass_n some_o of_o they_o be_v of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o reasonable_a big_a chamber_n these_o little_a ilet_n or_o tuft_n be_v so_o many_o in_o number_n and_o spread_v over_o all_o the_o bog_n there_o remain_v nothing_o between_o they_o but_o great_a plash_n of_o water_n in_o regard_n whereof_o these_o bog_n may_v well_o be_v call_v plashy-bog_n in_o some_o place_n wide_o in_o other_o narrow_a so_o as_o from_o the_o one_o man_n may_v well_o step_v or_o leap_v to_o the_o other_o that_o which_o those_o who_o be_v expert_a in_o it_o know_v how_o to_o do_v very_o nimble_a and_o so_o to_o run_v from_o one_o part_n of_o the_o bog_n to_o another_o for_o the_o root_n of_o the_o rush_n reed_n and_o other_o thing_n grow_v on_o those_o tuft_n be_v so_o interweave_v that_o they_o can_v easy_o bear_v a_o man_n who_o light_o tread_v upon_o they_o although_o they_o have_v very_o little_a earth_n and_o be_v wondrous_a spongy_a so_o as_o they_o when_o the_o water_n be_v drain_v the_o bog_n be_v dry_v round_o about_o may_v easy_o be_v pluck_v from_o the_o ground_n the_o english_a inhabit_v in_o ireland_n have_v give_v these_o tuft_n the_o name_n of_o hassocks_n and_o this_o sort_n of_o bogs_n hassocky-bog_n of_o which_o bog_n munster_n and_o other_o province_n be_v not_o altogether_o free_a but_o most_o of_o they_o be_v find_v in_o leinster_n especial_o in_o king_n and_o queens-county_n where_o also_o the_o othtr_n sort_n of_o bog_n be_v very_o common_a whereas_o otherwise_o connaught_n be_v general_o full_a of_o bog_n than_o any_o of_o the_o other_o province_n chap._n fourteen_o original_a of_o the_o bog_n in_o ireland_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o draining_n they_o practise_v there_o by_o the_o english_a inhabitant_n sect._n 1_o of_o the_o original_n of_o bog_n in_o this_o country_n very_a few_o of_o the_o wet-bog_n in_o ireland_n be_v such_o by_o any_o natural_a property_n or_o primitive_a constitution_n but_o through_o the_o superfluous_a moisture_n that_o in_o length_n of_o time_n have_v be_v gather_v therein_o whether_o it_o have_v its_o original_n within_o the_o place_n itself_o or_o be_v come_v thither_o from_o without_o the_o first_o of_o these_o two_o case_n take_v place_n in_o the_o most_o part_n of_o the_o grassie-bog_n which_o ordinary_o be_v occasion_v by_o spring_n the_o which_o arise_v in_o great_a number_n out_o of_o some_o parcel_n of_o ground_n and_o find_v no_o issue_n do_v by_o degrer_n soak_v through_o and_o bring_v it_o to_o that_o rottenness_n and_o spunginess_n which_o nevertheless_o be_v not_o a_o little_a increase_v through_o the_o rain_n water_n come_v to_o that_o of_o the_o spring_n but_o the_o two_o other_o sort_n viz._n the_o watery_a and_o hassockie-bog_n be_v in_o some_o place_n cause_v by_o the_o rain-water_n only_o as_o in_o other_o through_o brook_n and_o rivulet_n run_v into_o they_o and_o in_o some_o through_o both_o together_o whereunto_o many_o time_n also_o come_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o grassi-bog_n to_o wit_v the_o store_n of_o spring_n within_o the_o very_a ground_n and_o all_o this_o in_o place_n where_o or_o through_o the_o situation_n of_o they_o and_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o even_a plainness_n or_o hollowness_n or_o through_o some_o other_o impediment_n the_o water_n have_v no_o free_a passage_n away_o but_o remain_v within_o they_o and_o so_o by_o degree_n turn_v they_o into_o bogs_n sect._n 2._o retchlesness_n of_o the_o irish_a cause_n of_o most_o of_o the_o bog_n of_o tree_n find_v in_o bogs_n so_o that_o it_o may_v easy_o be_v comprehend_v that_o whoso_o can_v drain_v the_o water_n and_o for_o the_o future_a prevent_v the_o gather_v thereof_o may_v reduce_v most_o of_o the_o bog_n in_o ireland_n to_o firm_a land_n and_o preserve_v they_o in_o that_o condition_n but_o this_o have_v never_o be_v know_v to_o the_o irish_a or_o if_o it_o be_v they_o never_o go_v about_o it_o but_o to_o the_o contrary_n let_v daily_o more_o &_o more_o of_o their_o good_a land_n grow_v boggy_a through_o their_o carelessness_n whereby_o also_o most_o of_o the_o bog_n at_o first_o be_v cause_v this_o be_v otherwise_o evident_a enough_o may_v further_o be_v confirm_v by_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o tree_n which_o ordinary_o be_v find_v by_o the_o turf-digger_n very_o deep_a in_o the_o ground_n as_o well_o of_o other_o tree_n as_o of_o hasel_n likewise_o they_o meet_v sometime_o with_o the_o very_a nut_n themselves_o in_o great_a quantity_n the_o which_o look_v very_o fair_a and_o whole_a at_o the_o outside_n as_o if_o they_o come_v but_o new_o 〈…〉_z have_v no_o kernel_n within_o the_o same_o through_o the_o great_a length_n of_o time_n be_v consume_v and_o turn_v into_o filth_n and_o it_o be_v worthy_a of_o observation_n that_o tree_n &_o trunk_n of_o tree_n be_v in_o this_o manner_n find_v not_o only_o in_o the_o wet_a bog_n but_o even_o in_o the_o heathy_a one_o or_o red_a bog_n as_o by_o name_n in_o that_o by_o the_o shanon-side_n whereof_o have_v be_v speak_v above_o in_o which_o bog_n the_o turf_n digger_n many_o time_n do_v find_v whole_a firr-tree_n deep_a in_o the_o ground_n whether_o it_o be_v that_o those_o tree_n be_v fall_v be_v by_o degree_n sink_v deep_a and_o deep_a the_o earth_n of_o that_o bog_n almost_o every_o where_o be_v very_o loose_a and_o spongy_a as_o it_o be_v in_o all_o such_o bog_n or_o that_o the_o earth_n in_o length_n of_o time_n be_v grow_v over_o they_o sect._n 3_o draining_n of_o the_o bog_n practise_v by_o the_o english_a in_o ireland_n but_o as_o the_o irish_a have_v be_v extreme_a careless_a in_o this_o so_o the_o english_a introducer_n of_o all_o good_a thing_n in_o ireland_n for_o which_o that_o brutish_a nation_n from_o time_n to_o time_n have_v reward_v they_o with_o unthankfulnes_n hatred_n and_o envy_n and_o late_o with_o a_o horrible_a and_o bloody_a conspiracy_n tend_v to_o their_o utter_a destruction_n have_v set_v their_o industry_n at_o work_n for_o to_o remedy_v it_o and_o have_v consider_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o bog_n and_o how_o possible_a it_o be_v to_o reduce_v many_o of_o they_o unto_o good_a land_n do_v some_o year_n since_o begin_v to_o go_v about_o it_o all_o over_o the_o land_n and_o that_o with_o very_o good_a success_n so_o as_o i_o know_v gentleman_n who_o turn_v into_o firm_a land_n three_o or_o four_o hundred_o acre_n of_o bog_n and_o in_o case_n that_o this_o detestable_a rebellion_n have_v not_o come_v between_o in_o a_o few_o year_n

there_o will_v scarce_o have_v be_v leave_v one_o acre_n of_o bog_n of_o what_o be_v in_o the_o land_n and_o possessiion_n of_o the_o english_a except_o only_o those_o place_n who_o situation_n be_v altogether_o repugnant_a to_o drain_n because_o that_o the_o water_n either_o through_o the_o hollowness_n of_o the_o place_n as_o in_o the_o enclose_a valley_n and_o deep_a dale_n between_o the_o hill_n and_o mountain_n or_o through_o the_o too_o great_a evenness_n &_o plainness_n of_o the_o ground_n not_o incline_v to_o any_o one_o part_n more_o than_o another_o can_v be_v draw_v away_o at_o all_o and_o except_o such_o parcel_n as_o needs_o must_v have_v be_v keep_v for_o turf_n and_o red_a bog_n who_o be_v very_o unfit_a for_o drain_n for_o the_o trench_n be_v make_v the_o earth_n on_o both_o side_n will_v sink_v into_o they_o again_o and_o choke_v they_o up_o sect._n 4._o profit_n reap_v by_o the_o drain_n of_o bogs_n this_o drain_n of_o the_o bog_n as_o it_o tend_v not_o a_o little_a to_o the_o general_a good_a of_o the_o whole_a land_n by_o amend_v of_o the_o air_n whereof_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o say_v more_o in_o some_o other_o place_n and_o otherwise_o so_o it_o bring_v great_a profit_n unto_o the_o author_n for_o the_o land_n or_o soil_n of_o the_o bog_n be_v in_o most_o place_n good_a of_o itself_o and_o there_o beside_o great_o enrich_v by_o the_o lie_v still_o and_o the_o soak_v in_o of_o the_o water_n for_o the_o space_n of_o so_o many_o year_n the_o same_o be_v dry_v through_o the_o drain_n of_o the_o water_n be_v find_v to_o be_v very_o sit_v either_o to_o have_v corn_n sow_v upon_o or_o to_o be_v turn_v into_o pasture_n make_v also_o excellent_a meadow_n so_o as_o those_o who_o have_v try_v that_o do_v affirm_v that_o the_o meadow_n gain_v out_o of_o the_o bog_n may_v be_v compare_v with_o the_o very_o best_a of_o their_o other_o meadow_n yea_o many_o time_n surpass_v the_o same_o in_o goodness_n &_o this_o take_v place_n chief_o in_o the_o grassy_a bog_n or_o shak_v bog_n who_o fruitfulness_n in_o this_o particular_a &_o in_o the_o plentiful_a production_n of_o very_a sweet_a and_o deep_a grass_n after_o the_o drain_n off_o the_o water_n be_v very_o wonderful_a and_o all_o this_o without_o any_o other_o trouble_n or_o cost_n bestow_v upon_o these_o meadow_n than_o that_o they_o dung_v they_o the_o first_o year_n to_o warm_v they_o the_o better_a and_o the_o soon_o and_o more_o thorough_o to_o amend_v the_o remainder_n of_o that_o coldness_n and_o rawness_n contract_v through_o that_o long_a and_o constant_a continuance_n of_o the_o water_n upon_o they_o after_o which_o once_o dung_v afterward_o for_o a_o good_a many_o year_n nothing_o else_o need_v to_o be_v do_v to_o they_o sect._n 5._o the_o manner_n of_o drain_n the_o bog_n this_o drain_n of_o the_o bog_n be_v perform_v in_o the_o manner_n follow_v on_o that_o side_n of_o the_o bog_n where_o the_o ground_n be_v somewhat_o slope_v they_o cut_v a_o broad_a deep_a trench_n begin_v it_o in_o the_o firm_a ground_n and_o advancing_z it_o unto_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o bog_n into_o which_o trench_n the_o water_n will_v sink_v out_o of_o the_o next_o part_n of_o the_o bog_n in_o great_a abundance_n and_o that_o many_o time_n so_o sudden_o as_o if_o a_o great_a sluice_n have_v be_v open_v so_o as_o the_o labourer_n be_v constrain_v to_o run_v out_o of_o it_o with_o all_o speed_n lest_o the_o ●orce_n of_o the_o water_n shall_v overwhelm_v and_o carry_v they_o away_o some_o part_n of_o the_o bog_n be_v by_o this_o mean_v grow_v reasonable_a dry_a within_o a_o short_a space_n of_o time_n opportunity_n thereby_o be_v minister_v to_o advance_v the_o trench_n further_o into_o the_o bog_n and_o so_o by_o little_a and_o little_o they_o go_v on_o with_o it_o until_o at_o last_o they_o carry_v it_o quite_o across_o the_o bog_n from_o the_o one_o side_n to_o the_o other_o and_o have_v do_v this_o they_o make_v a_o great_a many_o lesser_a trench_n out_o of_o the_o main_a one_o on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o same_o the_o which_o bring_v the_o water_n from_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o bog_n unto_o the_o main_a trench_n do_v in_o a_o little_a while_n empty_a the_o bog_n of_o all_o its_o superfluous_a moisture_n and_o turn_v it_o into_o good_a and_o firm_a ground_n sect._n 6._o observation_n about_o the_o fall_n and_o settle_v of_o the_o bog_n at_o their_o drain_n the_o green_a or_o grassie-bog_n the_o which_o have_v all_o their_o moisture_n and_o water_n inward_o be_v thereby_o wonderful_o swell_v and_o pu_v up_o use_v by_o mean_n of_o this_o drain_n to_o fall_n very_o much_o and_o to_o grow_v a_o great_a deal_n low_o and_o that_o not_o only_o apparent_o so_o that_o the_o ground_n which_o before_o the_o drayn_n be_v five_a or_o six_o foot_n high_a come_v at_o last_o to_o be_v not_o above_o two_o or_o three_o foot_n high_a but_o sometime_o also_o sudden_o and_o within_o the_o space_n of_o four_o and_o twenty_o or_o eight_o and_o forty_o hour_n whereas_o ordinary_o that_o use_v to_o come_v to_o pass_v in_o great_a length_n of_o time_n and_o although_o the_o ground_n by_o fall_v in_o this_o manner_n may_v seem_v thereby_o to_o have_v be_v subject_a to_o return_v to_o its_o former_a boggy_a condition_n on_o the_o least_o occasion_n nevertheless_o there_o be_v no_o danger_n of_o that_o as_o long_o as_o the_o trench_n be_v keep_v open_a and_o thereby_o the_o passage_n keep_v free_a for_o the_o water_n which_o from_o time_n to_o time_n will_v from_o all_o part_n of_o the_o drayned_a bog_n be_v sink_v into_o they_o this_o water_n as_o at_o the_o first_o drain_n so_o ever_o after_o be_v by_o the_o main_a trench_n carry_v unto_o some_o brook_n river_n or_o lough_n according_a as_o one_o or_o other_o of_o they_o be_v next_o at_o hand_n and_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o land_n will_v give_v opportunity_n chap._n xv._n of_o the_o wood_n in_o ireland_n sect._n 1_o wood_n in_o ireland_n be_v reckon_v among_o the_o barren_a land_n and_o the_o reason_n thereof_o among_o the_o barren_a part_n of_o ireland_n the_o wood_n must_v also_o be_v count_v according_a to_o the_o usual_a division_n of_o the_o land_n of_o that_o kingdom_n whereby_o reckon_v for_o fruitful_a only_o the_o meadow_n arable-ground_n and_o pasture_n they_o count_v all_o the_o rest_n for_o barren_a comprehend_v they_o under_o these_o three_o general_a head_n bog_n barren-mountain_n and_o wood_n which_o division_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o mouth_n of_o all_o they_o that_o have_v any_o insight_n into_o the_o matter_n of_o that_o land_n and_o do_v or_o have_v live_v there_o so_o it_o be_v further_o confirm_v by_o a_o number_n of_o write_n and_o monument_n both_o of_o ancient_a time_n and_o late_a one_o in_o the_o which_o it_o be_v very_o common_a and_o familiar_a as_o for_o instance_n may_v appear_v by_o those_o several_a act_n which_o since_o this_o last_o rebellion_n of_o the_o irish_a have_v be_v make_v by_o the_o parliament_n of_o england_n in_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o adventurer_n who_o have_v lay_v out_o their_o money_n for_o the_o reconquer_a of_o the_o revolt_a part_n of_o that_o kingdom_n for_o although_o the_o land_n which_o the_o wood_n do_v take_v up_o be_v in_o itself_o very_o good_a in_o most_o place_n and_o apt_a to_o bear_v both_o corn_n and_o grass_n plentiful_o whereof_o more_o shall_v be_v say_v by_o and_o by_o yet_o as_o long_o as_o the_o wood_n remain_v stand_v it_o be_v unfit_a not_o only_o to_o be_v make_v either_o arable_a or_o meadow_n as_o in_o itself_o be_v most_o evident_a but_o even_o for_o pasture_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o overmuch_a moisture_n the_o root_n of_o the_o tree_n stay_v the_o rain-water_n so_o as_o it_o have_v not_o the_o liberty_n to_o pass_v away_o ready_o and_o their_o stem_n and_o branch_n hinder_v the_o free_a access_n of_o the_o wind_n and_o sun_n whereunto_o come_v in_o many_o part_v the_o ground_n own_o wateriness_n occasion_v by_o spring_n there_o arise_v and_o by_o its_o situation_n apt_a for_o the_o gather_n and_o keep_v of_o water_n which_o make_v they_o for_o the_o most_o part_n so_o muddy_a and_o boggy_a that_o cattle_n can_v convenient_o feed_v in_o they_o sect._n 2._o wood_n much_o diminish_v in_o ireland_n since_o the_o first_o come_v in_o of_o the_o english_a in_o ancient_a time_n and_o as_o long_o as_o the_o land_n be_v in_o the_o full_a possession_n of_o the_o irish_a themselves_o all_o ireland_n be_v very_o full_a of_o wood_n on_o every_o side_n as_o evident_o appear_v by_o the_o write_n of_o giraldus_n cambrensis_fw-la who_o come_v into_o ireland_n upon_o the_o first_o conquest_n in_o the_o company_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o king_n of_o england_n in_o the_o year_n of_o

their_o own_o accord_n so_o as_o one_o may_v see_v the_o vein_n thereof_o at_o the_o very_a outside_n in_o the_o side_n of_o the_o mohntain_n be_v not_o very_o broad_a but_o of_o great_a length_n and_o common_o divers_a in_o one_o place_n five_o or_o six_o ridge_n the_o one_o above_o the_o other_o with_o ridge_n of_o earth_n between_o they_o these_o vein_n or_o ridge_n be_v vulgar_o call_v pin_n from_o whence_o the_o mine_n have_v the_o name_n of_o pin-mine_a be_v also_o call_v white-mine_a because_o of_o its_o whitish_a colour_n and_o shel-mine_a for_o the_o follow_a reason_n for_o this_o stuff_n or_o oar_n be_v neither_o loose_a or_o soft_a as_o earth_n or_o clay_n neither_o firm_a and_o hard_o as_o stone_n be_v of_o a_o middle_a substance_n between_o both_o somewhat_o like_a unto_o slate_n compose_v of_o shell_n or_o scale_n the_o which_o do_v lie_v one_o upon_o another_o and_o may_v be_v separate_v and_o take_v asunder_o very_o easy_o without_o any_o great_a force_n or_o trouble_v this_o stuff_n be_v dig_v out_o of_o the_o ground_n in_o lump_n of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o man_n head_n big_a or_o less_o according_a as_o the_o vein_n assord_v opportunity_n within_o every_o one_o of_o these_o lump_n when_o the_o mine_n be_v very_o rich_a and_o of_o the_o best_a sort_n for_o all_o the_o oar_n of_o this_o kind_n be_v not_o of_o equal_a goodness_n some_o yield_v more_o and_o better_a iron_n than_o other_o lie_v a_o small_a kernel_n which_o have_v the_o name_n of_o hony-comb_n give_v to_o it_o because_o it_o be_v full_a of_o little_a hole_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o that_o substance_n whereof_o it_o borrow_v its_o appellation_n the_o iron_n come_v of_o this_o oar_n be_v not_o brittle_a as_o that_o of_o the_o rock-mine_a but_o tough_a and_o in_o many_o place_n as_o good_a as_o any_o spanish_a iron_n sect._n 6._o ironwork_n erect_v by_o the_o english_a the_o english_a have_v discover_v these_o mine_n endeavour_v to_o improve_v the_o same_o &_o to_o make_v profit_n of_o they_o and_o consequent_o several_a ironwork_n be_v erect_v by_o they_o in_o sundry_a pat_n of_o the_o land_n ●s_v namely_o by_o the_o earl_n of_o cork_n in_o divers_a place_n in_o munster_n by_o sir_n coarles_n coot_n in_o the_o county_n of_o roscomen_fw-mi and_o letrim_n in_o connaught_n and_o in_o leinster_n by_o mountrath_n in_o queens-county_n by_o the_o earl_n of_o londonderry_n at_o ballonakill_n in_o the_o say_a county_n by_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n sir_n adam_n loftus_n viscount_n of_o ely_n at_o mount-melik_a in_o kings-county_n by_o sir_n john_n dunbar_n in_o fermanagh_n in_o ulster_n and_o another_o in_o the_o same_o county_n by_o the_o side_n of_o lough-earne_a by_o sir_n leonard_n bleverhasset_n in_o the_o county_n of_o tomond_n in_o connaught_n by_o some_o london-merchant_n beside_o some_o other_o work_v in_o other_o place_n who_o first_o erector_n have_v not_o come_v to_o my_o knowledge_n in_o imitation_n of_o these_o have_v also_o be_v erect_v divers_a ironwork_n in_o sundry_a part_n of_o the_o sea-coast_n of_o ulster_n and_o munster_n by_o person_n who_o have_v no_o mine_n upon_o or_o near_o their_o own_o land_n have_v the_o oar_n bring_v unto_o they_o by_o sea_n out_o of_o england_n the_o which_o they_o find_v better_a cheap_a than_o if_o they_o have_v cause_v it_o to_o be_v fetch_v by_o land_n from_o some_o of_o the_o mine_n within_o the_o land_n and_o all_o this_o by_o english_a who_o industry_n herein_o the_o irish_a have_v be_v so_o far_o from_o imitate_v as_o since_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o rebellion_n they_o have_v break_v down_o and_o quite_o demolish_v almost_o all_o the_o forementioned_a ironwork_n as_o well_o those_o of_o the_o one_o as_o of_o the_o other_o sort_n chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o ironwork_n their_o fashion_n charge_n of_o erect_v and_o maintain_v th●m_n and_o profit_n come_v of_o they_o with_o a_o exact_a description_n of_o the_o manner_n of_o melt_v the_o iron_n in_o they_o sect._n 1_o the_o fashion_n of_o the_o ironwork_n the_o fashion_n of_o the_o ironwork_n of_o who_o erection_n we_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o forego_n chapter_n be_v such_o as_o follow_v at_o the_o end_n of_o a_o great_a barn_n stand_v a_o huge_a furnace_n be_v of_o the_o height_n of_o a_o pike_n and_o a_o half_a or_o more_o and_o foursquare_a in_o figure_n but_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o mault-kiln_a that_o be_v narrow_a below_o and_o by_o degree_n grow_v wide_o towards_o the_o top_n so_o as_o the_o compass_n of_o the_o mouth_n or_o the_o top_n be_v of_o many_o fathom_n this_o mouth_n be_v not_o cover_v but_o open_a all_o over_o so_o that_o the_o flame_n when_o the_o furnace_n be_v kindle_v rise_v through_o the_o same_o without_o any_o hindrance_n may_v be_v see_v a_o great_a way_n off_o in_o the_o night_n and_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o darkness_n make_v a_o terrible_a show_n to_o traveller_n who_o do_v not_o know_v what_o it_o be_v these_o oven_n be_v not_o kindle_v with_o wood_n nor_o with_o sea-coal_n but_o mere_o with_o char-coal_n whereof_o therefore_o they_o consume_v a_o huge_a quantity_n for_o the_o furnace_n be_v once_o kindle_v be_v never_o suffer_v to_o go_v out_o but_o be_v continual_o keep_v a_o burn_a from_o the_o one_o end_n of_o the_o year_n to_o the_o other_o and_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o coal_n to_o the_o oar_n be_v very_o great_a for_o the_o mine_n will_v not_o melt_v without_o a_o exceed_a hot_a fire_n the_o which_o that_o it_o may_v be_v the_o more_o quick_a and_o violent_a it_o be_v continual_o blow_a day_n and_o night_n without_o cease_v by_o two_o vast_a pair_n of_o bellows_n the_o which_o rest_v upon_o main_a piece_n of_o timber_n and_o with_o their_o pipe_n place_v into_o one_o of_o the_o side_n of_o the_o furnace_n be_v perpetual_o keep_v in_o action_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o a_o great_a wheel_n which_o be_v drive_v about_o by_o a_o little_a brook_n or_o watercourse_n make_v they_o rise_v and_o fall_v by_o turn_n so_o that_o whilst_o the_o one_o pair_n of_o bellows_o do_v swell_v and_o fill_v itself_o with_o wind_n the_o other_o do_v blow_v the_o same_o forth_o into_o the_o furnace_n sect._n 2._o of_o the_o lesser_a ironwork_n call_v bloomery_n of_o the_o hammer-work_n and_o of_o the_o cast_a work_n there_o be_v another_o and_o lesser_a sort_n of_o ironwork_n much_o different_a from_o the_o former_a for_o instead_o of_o a_o furnace_n they_o use_v a_o hearth_n therein_o altogether_o of_o the_o fashion_n of_o a_o smith_n hearth_n whereon_o the_o oar_n be_v lay_v in_o a_o great_a heap_n it_o be_v cover_v over_o with_o abundance_n of_o charcoal_n the_o which_o be_v kindle_v be_v continual_o blow_v by_o bellows_o that_o be_v move_v by_o wheel_n and_o watercourse_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o in_o the_o other_o work_v these_o work_n common_o call_v bloomery_n be_v in_o use_n or_o be_v so_o before_o this_o rebellion_n in_o sundry_a place_n of_o the_o north-part_n of_o ulster_n beside_o these_o two_o sort_n of_o work_n where_o the_o iron-mine_a be_v melt_v there_o be_v a_o three_o sort_n where_o the_o iron_n after_o the_o first_o melt_v be_v hammer_v out_o into_o bar_n of_o which_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o speak_v more_o in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o this_o present_a chapter_n there_o be_v also_o in_o some_o part_n of_o ireland_n yet_o another_o kind_n of_o ironwork_n differ_v from_o all_o the_o former_a where_o the_o iron_n be_v cast_v into_o ordnance_n pot_n small_a round_a furnace_n and_o other_o thing_n of_o which_o work_v mr_n christopher_n wandsworth_n master_n of_o the_o roll_n of_o ireland_n and_o in_o his_o latter_a day_n lord_n deputy_n of_o the_o same_o kingdom_n under_o the_o earl_n of_o strafford_n than_o lord_n lieutenant_n thereof_o have_v one_o upon_o his_o land_n by_o idough_n in_o the_o county_n of_o carloe_n whereof_o we_o can_v give_v the_o reader_n any_o particular_n because_o we_o have_v not_o yet_o be_v inform_v thereof_o sect._n 3_o conveniency_n requisite_a to_o the_o erect_n of_o a_o ironwork_n in_o the_o erect_n of_o these_o work_n man_n seek_v to_o make_v they_o as_o near_o to_o the_o mine_n as_o may_v be_v to_o get_v the_o more_o profit_n by_o they_o for_o the_o great_a the_o distance_n be_v the_o great_a be_v the_o charge_n in_o have_v the_o oar_n bring_v from_o the_o mine_n to_o the_o furnace_n especial_o where_o all_o must_v be_v carry_v by_o land_n the_o which_o do_v fall_v out_o so_o in_o far_o the_o most_o place_n but_o many_o time_n one_o be_v necessitate_v to_o make_v the_o work_v a_o good_a way_n further_o from_o the_o mine_n than_o otherwise_o one_o will_v because_o of_o the_o watercourse_n the_o which_o be_v of_o very_o great_a consequence_n in_o the_o well-settling_a of_o a_o work_n and_o absolute_o

the_o marl_n in_o ireland_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o marling_n the_o land_n there_o marle_n be_v a_o certain_a sort_n of_o fat_a and_o clayish_a stuff_n be_v as_o the_o grease_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o have_v from_o ancient_a time_n on_o great_o use_v for_o manure_v of_o land_n both_o in_o france_n and_o england_n as_o may_v appear_v out_o of_o pliny_n in_o the_o six_o seven_o and_o eight_o chapter_n of_o his_o seventeen_o book_n the_o same_o also_o be_v still_o very_a usual_a in_o sundry_a part_n of_o england_n be_v of_o a_o incomparable_a goodness_n the_o which_o cause_v the_o english_a who_o out_o of_o some_o of_o those_o place_n where_o marle_n be_v use_v be_v come_v to_o live_v in_o ireland_n to_o make_v diligent_a search_n for_o it_o and_o that_o with_o good_a success_n at_o last_o it_o have_v be_v find_v out_o by_o they_o within_o these_o few_o year_n in_o several_a place_n first_o in_o the_o kings-county_n not_o far_o from_o the_o shanon_n where_o be_v of_o a_o gray_a colour_n it_o be_v dig_v out_o of_o the_o bog_n and_o in_o the_o county_n of_o wexford_n where_o the_o use_n of_o it_o be_v grow_v very_o common_a before_o this_o rebellion_n especial_o in_o the_o part_n lie_v near_o the_o sea_n where_o it_o stand_v they_o in_o very_o good_a steed_n the_o land_n of_o itself_o be_v nothing_o fruitful_a for_o although_o the_o ground_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v a_o good_a black_a earth_n yet_o the_o same_o be_v but_o one_o foot_n deep_a and_o have_v underneath_o a_o crust_n of_o stiff_a yellow_a clay_n of_o half_a a_o foot_n be_v thereby_o great_o impair_v in_o its_o own_o goodness_n in_o this_o depth_n of_o a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a next_o under_o the_o clay_n lie_v the_o marl_n the_o which_o reach_v so_o far_o downward_o that_o yet_o no_o where_o they_o be_v come_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o it_o be_v of_o a_o blue_a colour_n and_o very_o fat_a which_o as_o in_o other_o ground_n so_o in_o this_o be_v chief_o perceive_v when_o it_o be_v wet_a but_o brittle_a and_o dusty_a when_o it_o be_v dry_a sect._n 2._o the_o manner_n charge_n and_o profit_n of_o marling_n the_o ground_n the_o marl_n be_v lay_v upon_o the_o land_n in_o heap_n by_o some_o before_o it_o be_v plough_v by_o other_o after_o many_o let_v it_o lie_v several_a month_n ere_o they_o plough_v it_o again_o that_o the_o rain_n may_v equal_o divide_v and_o mix_v it_o the_o sun_n moon_n and_o air_n mellow_a and_o incorporate_v it_o with_o the_o earth_n one_o thousand_o cartloads_a of_o this_o go_v to_o one_o english_a acre_n of_o ground_n it_o be_v very_o chargeable_a for_o even_o to_o those_o who_o dig_v it_o out_o of_o their_o own_o ground_n so_o as_o they_o be_v at_o no_o other_o expense_n but_o the_o hire_n of_o the_o labourer_n every_o acre_n come_v to_o stand_v in_o three_o pound_n sterling_a but_o these_o great_a expense_n be_v sufficient_o recompense_v by_o the_o great_a fruitfulness_n which_o it_o cause_v be_v such_o as_o may_v seem_v incredible_a for_o the_o marled-land_n even_o the_o very_a first_o year_n full_o quit_v all_o the_o cost_n bestow_v on_o it_o there_o beside_o it_o be_v sufficient_a once_o to_o marle_n whereas_o the_o ordinary_a dung_v must_v be_v renew_v oftentimes_o sect._n 3_o the_o usage_n of_o the_o marled-land_n practise_v by_o they_o of_o the_o county_n of_o wexford_n the_o good_a usage_n of_o the_o marled-land_n to_o keep_v it_o in_o heart_n for_o ever_o after_o do_v consist_v in_o the_o opinion_n and_o practice_n of_o some_o in_o let_v it_o lie_v fallow_a at_o convenient_a time_n but_o the_o ordinary_a manner_n common_o practise_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o county_n of_o wexford_n and_o count_v the_o best_a by_o they_o be_v that_o have_v sow_v it_o five_o or_o six_o year_n together_o with_o the_o rich_a sort_n of_o corn_n to_o wit_n wheat_n and_o barley_n especial_o that_o sort_n which_o in_o some_o part_n of_o england_n and_o general_o in_o ireland_n be_v peculiar_o call_v bear_n be_v a_o much_o rich_a grain_n than_o the_o ordinary_a barley_n it_o be_v afterward_o turn_v to_o pasture_n whereunto_o it_o be_v very_o fit_a forasmuch_o as_o it_o bring_v very_o sweet_a grass_n in_o great_a abundance_n for_o the_o marl_n be_v also_o use_v on_o meadow_n at_o the_o first_o with_o very_o good_a success_n improve_n the_o same_o most_o wonderful_o if_o the_o marled-land_n be_v thus_o use_v and_o by_o turn_n keep_v under_o corn_n and_o grass_n it_o keep_v its_o fruitfulness_n for_o ever_o where_o to_o the_o contrary_a if_o year_n after_o year_n it_o be_v sow_v till_o the_o heart_n be_v draw_v out_o it_o be_v quite_o spoil_v so_o as_o afterward_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a to_o bring_v it_o again_o to_o any_o passable_a condition_n by_o any_o kind_n of_o dung_v or_o marling_n this_o will_v ordinary_o be_v do_v in_o the_o space_n of_o ten_o year_n for_o so_o long_o together_o the_o marled-land_n may_v be_v sow_v and_o bring_v every_o year_n a_o rich_a crop_n of_o the_o best_a corn._n nevertheless_o this_o be_v not_o general_a but_o take_v place_n only_o in_o the_o worse_a kind_n of_o ground_n for_o where_o the_o land_n of_o itself_o be_v better_o and_o rich_a there_o after_o marling_n wheat_n and_o other_o corn_n may_v be_v sow_v not_o only_o for_o ten_o year_n together_o but_o long_o for_o very_o credible_a person_n have_v assure_v i_o that_o some_o part_n of_o the_o county_n of_o wexford_n have_v bo●n_o very_o good_a corn_n for_o thirteen_o year_n together_o and_o afterward_o be_v turn_v to_o pasture_n it_o be_v as_o good_a and_o fertile_a as_o other_o marled-ground_n that_o have_v be_v under_o corn_n but_o five_o or_o six_o year_n sect._n 4._o of_o the_o marl_n in_o connaught_n the_o province_n of_o connaught_n by_o what_o have_v be_v discover_v be_v much_o more_o plentiful_a in_o marl_n than_o leinster_n as_o in_o other_o county_n so_o in_o those_o of_o roscoman_n slego_n and_o galloway_n almost_o in_o every_o part_n of_o it_o it_o be_v there_o of_o three_o several_a colour_n some_o be_v white_a as_o chalk_v other_o gray_a and_o some_o black_a but_o none_o blue_a as_o that_o in_o the_o county_n of_o wexford_n it_o lie_v nothing_o deep_a under_o the_o upper-ground_n or_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n common_o not_o above_o half_a a_o foot_n but_o it_o be_v own_o depth_n be_v so_o great_a that_o never_o any_o body_n yet_o dig_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o the_o land_n which_o they_o intend_v to_o marle_n in_o this_o province_n be_v common_o plough_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o may_n and_o lie_v five_o or_o six_o week_n until_o it_o be_v sufficient_o dry_v and_o mellow_a by_o the_o sun_n and_o wind_n they_o harrow_v it_o and_o then_o have_v bring_v the_o marl_n upon_o it_o five_o or_o six_o week_n after_o it_o be_v plough_v again_o and_o a_o three_o time_n about_o september_n after_o which_o three_o plough_v they_o sow_v it_o with_o wheat_n or_o barley_n whereof_o they_o have_v a_o very_a rich_a crop_n the_o next_o year_n sect._n 5._o property_n and_o usage_n of_o the_o marled-land_n in_o connaught_n land_n marl_v in_o that_o manner_n as_o we_o have_v say_v may_v be_v sow_v ten_o or_o twelve_o year_n together_o the_o first_o eight_o or_o nine-with_a wheat_n and_o bear_v or_o barley_n and_o the_o remain_v three_o or_o four_o year_n with_o oat_n afterward_o the_o land_n be_v turn_v to_o pasture_n and_o have_v serve_v some_o year_n in_o that_o kind_n it_o may_v be_v marl_v anew_o and_o make_v as_o good_a for_o corn_n as_o at_o the_o first_o for_o the_o observation_n of_o those_o of_o the_o county_n of_o wexford_n that_o land_n may_v not_o be_v marl_v more_o than_o once_o do_v not_o take_v place_n in_o connaught_n where_o it_o be_v a_o ordinary_a thing_n have_v some_o space_n of_o year_n to_o make_v it_o again_o i_o know_v some_o gentleman_n who_o have_v cause_v some_o parcel_n of_o land_n to_o be_v marl_v thrice_o in_o the_o space_n of_o twenty_o year_n and_o have_v find_v very_o good_a profit_n by_o it_o but_o whether_o this_o be_v cause_v by_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o ground_n and_o marl_n appear_v also_o hereby_o that_o in_o connaught_n they_o scarce_o lay_v the_o four_o part_n of_o the_o quantity_n of_o marle_n on_o the_o ground_n of_o what_o they_o do_v in_o the_o county_n of_o wexford_n or_o by_o the_o carelessness_n or_o want_n of_o experience_n of_o those_o of_o that_o county_n i_o be_o not_o yet_o full_o inform_v but_o thus_o much_o be_v know_v as_o well_o in_o connaught_n as_o other_o part_n that_o those_o who_o sow_v the_o marled-land_n until_o it_o can_v bear_v no_o more_o and_o be_v quite_o out_o of_o heart_n will_v find_v it_o exceed_v difficult_a if_o not_o altogether_o impossible_a ever_o to_o amend_v or_o improve_v

the_o same_o again_o by_o any_o mean_n whatsoever_o chap._n xiii_o of_o the_o heath_n and_o moor_n or_o bog_n in_o ireland_n sect._n 1_o of_o the_o moory_n or_o boggy-heath_n have_v speak_v of_o the_o fruitful_a land_n of_o ireland_n it_o follow_v that_o we_o treat_v of_o those_o which_o be_v neither_o fit_n for_o the_o bring_n of_o corn_n or_o feed_v of_o cattle_n some_o be_v such_o for_o want_v of_o good_a soil_n and_o other_o through_o superfluous_a moisture_n of_o the_o first_o sort_n be_v those_o place_n where_o the_o ground_n consist_v of_o mere_a rock_n sand_n or_o earth_n natural_o unfruitful_a have_v no_o good_a mould_n at_o the_o top_n sufficient_a for_o corn_n or_o grass_n to_o root_n and_o to_o draw_v convenient_a nourishment_n out_o of_o it_o the_o ground_n be_v bare_a or_o overgrow_v only_o with_o moss_n heath_n furze_n brake_n thorn_n rush_n and_o the_o like_a the_o place_n who_o ground_n be_v bare_a be_v nothing_o frequent_a nor_o of_o any_o great_a bigness_n in_o ireland_n and_o rather_o on_o the_o seaside_n than_o within_o the_o land_n but_o the_o other_o be_v very_o common_a throughout_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n not_o only_o in_o the_o mountain_n many_o whereof_o do_v for_o the_o most_o part_n consist_v of_o nothing_o else_o but_o also_o in_o the_o hilly-quarter_n the_o plain-country_n and_o in_o many_o place_n of_o great_a extent_n take_v up_o some_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o breadth_n most_o of_o these_o waste_v in_o the_o plain-country_n and_o valley_n as_o also_o some_o on_o the_o mountain_n and_o hill_n be_v moory_n and_o boggy_a fit_a for_o to_o dig_v turf_n out_o to_o the_o great_a commodity_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n in_o place_n where_o other_o fuel_n be_v want_v so_o that_o these_o part_n of_o land_n although_o barren_a and_o produce_v no_o kind_n of_o thing_n for_o the_o food_n of_o man_n or_o beast_n may_v not_o be_v reckon_v in_o the_o number_n of_o those_o which_o be_v altogether_o unprofitable_a be_v of_o good_a use_n in_o the_o part_n far_o distant_a from_o the_o sea_n where_o they_o can_v have_v no_o sea-coal_n and_o where_o wood_n be_v want_v nor_o well_o live_v some_o of_o these_o dry_a or_o red_a bog_n as_o common_o they_o be_v call_v the_o first_o in_o comparison_n of_o those_o whereof_o present_o shall_v be_v speak_v the_o other_o because_o the_o earth_n in_o they_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v red_a and_o overgrow_v with_o mos●_n of_o the_o same_o colour_n be_v in_o some_o part_n of_o a_o vast_a extent_n instance_n that_o by_o the_o shanon-side_n begin_v hard_o by_o atlone_a and_o follow_v the_o course_n of_o the_o river_n down_o towards_o limmerick_n which_o be_v two_o or_o three_o mile_n broad_a in_o most_o part_n be_v say_v to_o be_v upward_o of_o fifty_o mile_n in_o length_n sect._n 2._o of_o the_o dry_a heath_n there_o be_v some_o dry_a heath_n in_o ireland_n for_o the_o most_o part_n on_o the_o mountain_n and_o very_o few_o in_o the_o plain_a country_n to_o the_o contrary_a of_o england_n where_o as_o well_o as_o in_o netherlands_n germany_n and_o other_o country_n those_o heath_n on_o plain_a ground_n be_v very_o common_a in_o sundry_a part_n of_o the_o land_n and_o many_o of_o they_o of_o a_o great_a extent_n have_v very_o many_o mile_n in_o compass_n and_o where_o any_o such_o dry_a heath_n be_v in_o ireland_n the_o land_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v not_o altogether_o barren_a but_o grassy_a between_o and_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o heath_n so_o as_o the_o heath_n be_v burn_v a_o thing_n much_o use_v in_o ireland_n both_o by_o the_o english_a and_o irish_a the_o land_n bring_v reasonable_a good_a and_o sweet_a grass_n fit_a for_o sheep_n to_o feed_v on_o and_o with_o a_o little_a extraordinary_a labour_n and_o cost_v bring_v to_o bear_v corn_n other_o of_o these_o heath_n be_v grassy_a have_v the_o grass_n grow_v not_o all_o over_o among_o the_o heath_n but_o in_o space_n by_o itself_o as_o upon_o the_o heath_n between_o the_o town_n of_o kildare_n and_o the_o liffie_a which_o be_v famous_a over_o all_o ireland_n by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o currogh_n of_o kildare_n be_v a_o hilly_a ground_n at_o its_o high_a near_o the_o say_a town_n from_o thence_o towards_o the_o liffie_a descend_v by_o degree_n about_o three_o mile_n long_o and_o two_o or_o three_o broad_a divide_v into_o row_n of_o heath_n and_o grass_n which_o be_v of_o no_o great_a breadth_n and_o many_o in_o number_n do_v lie_v by_o the_o ●ide_v one_o of_o another_o throughout_o the_o whole_a earth_n each_o of_o those_o row_n extend_v it_o self_n in_o length_n from_o the_o one_o end_n of_o the_o currogh_n to_o the_o other_o the_o row_n of_o heath_n be_v about_o a_o stone_n cast_v over_o in_o some_o place_n in_o some_o more_o in_o other_o less_o but_o those_o of_o grass_n a_o good_a deal_n narrow_a than_o the_o other_o be_v always_o alike_o green_a and_o dry_a in_o the_o winter_n as_o well_o as_o the_o summer_n and_o clothe_v with_o short_a grass_n but_o very_o sweet_a and_o good_a very_o convenient_a for_o sheep_n to_o feed_v on_o of_o the_o which_o always_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n a_o very_a great_a number_n be_v graze_v here_o the_o whole_a currogh_n be_v a_o commons_o sect._n 3_o of_o the_o wet_a bog_n the_o place_n barren_a through_o superfluous_a moisture_n be_v bog_n call_v by_o the_o irish_a moon_n whereof_o ireland_n be_v full_a there_o be_v three_o or_o four_o different_a sort_n of_o they_o grassy_a watery_a muddy_a and_o hassocky_a as_o appear_v more_o large_o by_o the_o follow_a description_n but_o the_o english_a irish_a have_v give_v the_o name_n of_o bogs_n not_o only_o to_o the_o wet_a of_o which_o we_o be_v now_o to_o treat_v but_o aswell_o to_o the_o turf_n moor_n of_o all_o sort_n not_o except_v the_o red_a bog_n which_o in_o most_o place_n be_v firm_a enough_o to_o bear_v a_o man_n or_o unshod_a nag_n go_v over_o it_o but_o be_v not_o for_o any_o great_a weight_n but_o we_o shall_v in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n speak_v in_o order_n of_o the_o four_o sort_n of_o wet_a bgg_n which_o above_o we_o have_v mention_v and_o afterward_o in_o its_o due_a place_n treat_v of_o the_o turf_n and_o red_a moor_n as_o occasion_n shall_v require_v sect._n 4._o of_o the_o grassy_a bog_n the_o grassy_a bog_n be_v all_o over_o cover_v with_o grass_n look_v fair_a and_o pleasant_a as_o if_o they_o be_v dry_a ground_n and_o goodly_a meadow_n whereby_o many_o who_o not_o know_v the_o nature_n of_o those_o place_n and_o because_o of_o the_o greeness_n suspect_v no_o evil_a go_v into_o they_o to_o their_o great_a trouble_n and_o many_o time_n to_o the_o extreme_a danger_n of_o their_o life_n for_o the_o earth_n be_v very_o spungy_a can_v bear_v no_o weight_n but_o as_o well_o man_n as_o beast_n assoon_o as_o they_o set_v foot_n on_o it_o do_v sink_v to_o the_o ground_n some_o knee_n deep_a other_o to_o the_o waist_n and_o many_o over_o head_n and_o ear_n for_o all_o or_o most_o bog_n in_o ireland_n have_v underneath_o a_o hard_a and_o firm_a gravel_n be_v not_o of_o a_o equal_a depth_n which_o in_o some_o be_v only_o of_o two_o or_o three_o foot_n in_o other_o five_o six_o or_o more_o in_o somuch_o that_o those_o who_o fall_v into_o the_o deep_a place_n of_o these_o bog_n can_v hardly_o escape_v but_o for_o the_o most_o part_n do_v perish_v be_v pitiful_o smother_v some_o of_o these_o bog_n do_v so_o dry_v up_o in_o the_o summer_n that_o they_o may_v be_v pass_v without_o danger_n the_o which_o in_o particular_a fall_v out_o in_o the_o great_a mountain_n in_o munster_n in_o the_o county_n of_o kerry_n call_v slew-logh_a upon_o which_o all_o kind_n of_o cattle_n do_v graze_v the_o summer_n long_o be_v every_o where_o full_a of_o good_a and_o sweet_a grass_n knee_n deep_a in_o most_o place_n whereof_o not_o the_o ten_o part_n be_v eat_v for_o if_o all_o the_o cattle_n of_o that_o province_n be_v drive_v thither_o and_o leave_v all_o the_o summer_n upon_o the_o place_n it_o will_v hardly_o be_v consume_v the_o rest_n be_v spoil_v when_o the_o wet_a weather_n come_v in_o and_o stay_v the_o rain-water_n from_o descend_v through_o which_o the_o ground_n rot_v in_o that_o manner_n that_o all_o winter_n long_v it_o be_v unpassable_a for_o man_n and_o beast_n but_o the_o deep_a bog_n be_v unpassable_a in_o the_o summer_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o winter_n yet_o most_o of_o they_o have_v firm_a place_n in_o narrow_a path_n &_o in_o some_o large_a parcel_n by_o the_o mean_n whereof_o those_o unto_o who_o they_o be_v know_v can_v cross_v they_o from_o one_o side_n to_o another_o where_o other_o who_o be_v not_o use_v to_o they_o do_v not_o know_v in_o what_o part_n to_o set_v one_o step_n in_o which_o