the Doctors which had read and writ against him with great mildenes but also with a noble resolution confirmed them in their lectures and preferred others to them that were voide In the meane time the Pope discouering the Priors weakenesse to maintaine Portugall and that there was no meanes of agreement hauing called home his Legate he seemed well content with Philips successe saying that his onely intention was to auoid wars so as hauing obtained great rewardes for his sonne or at the least assured hopes he graunted vnto the king that George de Taida bishop of Viseu who was his first chaplaine shoulde be iugde without appeale of all causes concerning the Ecclesiasticall rebels and of the proces of their confiscations so as the Prior in a manner doomed to sentence of death with the Bishop of Guarda and others were againe cited by edicts to be depriued by iustice of all spirituall liuings they held within the realme There was yet no newes of him notwithstanding the reward promised and the great care the Castilians vsed through the realme to finde him yet were they daily lesse certaine for that disguised in a base habite hee went vnknowne oftentimes amongst those that sought for him He had intelligence that the Counte of Vimioso was come by land into Fraunce labouring to mooue the French to warre against the Catholique King promising great succours by the people in the matters of Portugal By reason whereof and for the Priors concealement the King kept in a manner his whole armie dispersed in the fortresses and cities of the realme and although hee had dismissed the Italians and sent the greatest part of his galleies into Italy yet they gaue out that he after repented the realme seeming daily lesse peaceable and that the French in those parts might arme a good number of ships of warre and more conueniently in that sea then the galleies whereof fowre being in Algarues had taken a French pirate with great slaughter who being a knight of Malta had fought valiantly By reason of these garrisons of the rigor of officers of the smal recompence that was giuen them and of the conceite that the Prior was yet within the realme the Portugals harts beganne to turne some of them assembled at times lamented the miserie wherein they seemed to be by their not agreeing to defend themselues or not yeelding in time yet the greatest part held opinion that vnited togither they might haue made resistance They could not endure that the Castillian officers shoulde intermeddle in matters of iustice as they pretēded to do neither was the Portugals disdaine appeased in saying that the King hauing commaunded Iohn Andrew Doria Prince of Melfy to conduct the Empresse his sister into Spaine whom he had caused to come out of Germany was for no other cause but to leaue her Gouernesse in Portugall and so returne into Castill and that as a woman she shoulde raigne with greater mildenes then the kings of Portugall had done for although this was the common discourse yet many helde opinion that the king should not depart being constrained to keepe garrisons the which he would not dismisse vntill he were better assured of the Prior of whom they spake diuersly for some helde that he was dead and spoiled by the Castilians who for that they woulde yeelde no account of the iewels he had about him kept it secret Others saide that he had sent into Fraunce and England from whence hee expected great armies at whose arriuall he would discouer himselfe Many supposed that he shoulde keepe himselfe secret within the realme vntill the death of Philip who according to their discourse coulde not liue long and yet was there small difference betwixt their ages at what time shewing himselfe as hee did vpon the death of king Henry hee shoulde againe take possession of the realme the kingdomes of Castill remaining in the handes of pupilles And although some beleeued that he was departed the realme yet the greatest part helde that he was there yet labouring to escape as couertly as he coulde fearing to be taken prisoner the which was true indeede as it appeared by some of his friends that were taken in the porte of Lisbone who sought to imbarke with some prouision of victuals they had made who confessed vpon the racke that he was in the realme amongst which was Peter d'Alpoe Doctor of the lawes who since for that cause and others of high treason lost his head at Lisbone The Estates were now ended and the king desirous to goe to Lisbone but for that the preparations and triumphs which the citie pretended were not yet ready he went to Almada which is directly against the citie vpon the other banke of Tagus to giue them time to finish their preparations At what time the King hauing intelligence that those of the Ilands of Terceraes notwithstanding the letters which Ambrose d'Aguiar had carried stoode firme in their first resolution of defence hee sent Peter Baldes with fower ships sixe hundreth Spanish foote and some cannon with commandement to assure himselfe fully of the Iland of Saint Michaell which was obediēt to spoile the ships which should come from the Indies not to attēpt any thing by land vntill he had sent a greater supply of men The Court was ill appointed at Almada and the needfull ministers for dispatches could not all bee lodged there The King desirous to enter the citie would not attende after Saint Peters day when passing the water with his galleies he lāded in the city vpon a bridge of wood framed for that purpose without giuing them time to finish their arches statues prepared for his entry But the sloth and ignorance of the workemen was in parte cause yet did they make a sumptuous preparation Vpon the bridge he was met by the Magistrate of the chamber where Doctor Hector de Pyna one of them spake thus in the behalfe of the citie shewing the ioy they had conceiued of his entrie That as this citie was the greatest in the worlde so God had deseruedly giuen them conformeable to their owne desires a great monarch to bee their Lorde Hee excused the people saying That if they had no sooner obeied it was done rather by errour then their owne free will and that remaining in their owne power to choose a king they woulde haue made election of no other then himselfe And touching the death of Ferrant de Pyna hee saide that this citie had first of all shedde bloude for his seruice seeing that the saide Ferrant when as Anthony caused him to bee wounded was a member of this Magistrate He excused likewise the sleightnes of their ioyes by the afflictions of the warre the spoile of the citie and the plague remembring their losses of Affricke concluding that they hoped by his Maiesties fauours this realme shoulde not bee saide vnited vnto Castill but that all the other realmes were ioyned vnto Portugall Hee then went on horsebacke vnder a canopie of
cloth of golde vnto the Cathedrall church the streetes being richly hanged were full of people who made shewe of great ioy for the Kings arriuall where hauing done his deuotion hee went in the same sortvnto the pallace accompanied with all the nobilitie on foote This realme within the space of two yeeres had as a man may say fiue kings a thing seldome or neuer happened in any other place and it seemed that God in so short a time had thus altered the state of things for the peoples punishment for all of them wasted their poore subiects Sebastian by his rashnes Henry by his irresolution the gouernours by feare and their priuate interest Anthonie by tyrannie and Philip by armes But when all was in a manner quiet he entred this citie the proper seate of their kings It was supposed the sorrowes and troubles passed shoulde now be conuerted into ioy and quietnes but for that it is an equall punishment to a people either to haue tyrants ruling by force or to make a bad election of gouernours The Portugals were scourged with this last rod desiring rather to be commanded by Anthonie being of so small might and with all other disgraces that proceeded from him then by the great power of Philip impatient to see him so slacke in deuiding amongst them the dignities commaunderies and reuenues of the crowne whereby they grew out of hope euer to draw such recompences from the Court of Castill as they had vsually drawen from that of Portugal And although he had giuen vnto Frauncis de Sada sometimes gouernour the title of Earle of Matosignos to Ferrant de Norogna that of Lignares which his father enioyed made as it is said Christopher de Mora one of his chamber and established Peter d'Alcasoua in his office of Chamberlaine contrarie to the decree of king Henry wherein although the king of himselfe were well inclined and resolued to dispatch euery one with greater liberalitie then the kings of Portugall had euer done yet this distribution according to the new decree appertaining to the Councell of state of Portugall wherein as it is said their opinions being diuerse and the respects of hatred and loue diuers nothing was resolued and the abundance of petitions caused these delaies for that euerie one either iustly or without cause demaunded recompence so as the whole realme did not seeme sufficient to content them the which being ill considered by many they said he would stay from giuing vntill he were assured of the Ilands and of Anthonies person But the king finding that these difficulties and the slacknes in proceeding grew by the excessiue number of Counsellors resolued according to the custome of former kings to referre the dispatch of such as demaunded recompence vnto two persons alone the which were Anthony Pignero Bishop of Leiria and to Christopher de Mora It may be seeming vnto him that these two amongst the other officers were most free from all priuate respects the Bishop for that he was neere his graue by reason of his age and infirmitie although of a sounde iudgement and without kinsemen and Mora being a creature of the kings bredde in Castill and helde for vertuous and fearing God The estate of the Terceraes grew daily woorse with whom all trafficke was interdict there was newes that this people being verie obstinate called in forraine succours resoluing in no sort to obey Philip They vnderstood that Peter Baldes was arriued and that the Kings letters with the rewarde he had carried for that nation were not receiued but contemned By reason whereof the King desirous to subdue them before the ende of this sommer and iudging the enterprise easie for that they had no trained soldiers armed certaine ships and furnished them with soldiers vnder the conduct of Lopo de Figueroa who staied not long before he departed with commission to attempt with Baldes to become master of the Ilands Baldes lay nowe about the Ilands expecting the Indian fleete his marriners had often both by day and night landed with their boates to steale grapes which were then ripe drawing sometimes neere the rockes vpon the which the Portugals had planted behinde a small rampire three or fower iron peeces they parlied often with them the one not fearing the other Peter de Baldes finding the Portugals carelesnes and being aduertised that some within the Ilands amongst a great multitude were well affected to the Catholique king had often resolued to sende some men on lande to the end that such as followed the kings partie who were saide to lie in the mountaines might ioine with them and altogither set vpon the citie of Angra or at the least so fortifie themselues at land as they shoulde not be repulsed But for as much as this resolution with so small a troupe was dangerous and against the Kings commission the which knowing well he did not execute yet hauing intelligence that Lopo de Figueroa was to be sent from Lisbone to vndertake this enterprise with a great number of men who being arriued hee shoulde be commaunded to obey he did confidently beleeue that at his comming either by loue or by force he woulde be master of this Iland and winne that honour whereunto he aspired So as such force hath the desire of honour hauing ill measured his forces against the Kings commaundement he made haste rashly to trie whether the resolution which hee had formerly conceiued woulde succeed well whereunto he was likewise perswaded by some of the Iland who as vnskilfull had their wils more ready then their power So as earely on Saint Iames his day in the morning hauing shipped in a manner all his soldiers in their boates hee sent them to lande whereas the marriners had beene accustomed to go betwixt Angra and Praia the which they call the house of Salga where hauing founde small or no resistance they landed easily and the Portugals who had the guarde of this artillerie fearefully fledde away The Castillians being now become masters thereof began to builde a small rampier of stone to the ende they might holde a more firme footing on lande and retire such as followed the Catholique kings partie but they had no time for the inhabitants of Angra hearing the Castillians were landed had giuen the allarum by bels and other great noise so as many of their stoutest issued foorth to skirmish and although they did no matter of importance many returning terrified or hurte yet did they keepe the enimie from fortifying who remaining in that place from the morning vntill afternoone there went not any one Portugall vnto them for although there were some disposed thereunto yet durst they not distrusting both the one and the other being chiefly terrified by the example of Iohn de Betancour one of the principals of that place who hauing conspired with aboue a hundreth citizens vpon a certaine day to runne armed through the citie and proclaine King Philip he supposed with his authoritie and the
followers he expected to mooue the people against Ciprian de Fegueredo and make himselfe Lorde of the Iland in the Kings name But hauing not duely examined the iudgement valour and constancie of such as he had chosen for his companions things necessarily required in them that are to execute matters of such importance being deceiued he did not effect this enterprise for although he had many friends and copartners with him being at the howre appointed come vnto the place calling the rest and proclaiming the kings name he was not followed of any man but was inuironed by the people and beaten outraged in danger to be hanged and therefore no man durst stirre In this space the number of Portugals which the Gouernour had assembled to goe against the enimie was little lesse then two thousand who treating in what manner they shoulde issue foorth they left not to consider that although the Castillians were fewer in number yet were they more experienced and better armed A religious man of the order of Saint Augustine for here as well as in other parts of the realme religious men deale in matters of warre aduised that before their men they shoulde driue a number of oxen and chase them with all force against the Castillians the which being put in practise was the safetie of the Portugals and the defeating of their enimies for that raising a great dust they were not discouered by the Castillians they defended them from their shotte and disordred the enimie for the Castillians hauing by their long skirmish with some of the citie spent their shotte and powder being now charged by so many they thought to retire themselues to their boates and so to imbark which they resolued too late For that the Portugals approching neere couered in safetie hauing the oxen as a rampire they draue them against the enimie with such violence that they were forced to disbande and to quite them the place at what time being charged by the Portugals with fewe shot and many launces they fought a while with disaduantage For the Portugals being many in number the Castillians coulde make no great resistance besides that being minded to saue themselues by their boates they retired towards the sea the which being then rougher then when they landed their boates coulde not come neere the shoare and the marriners which were in them were likewise fearefull to approch for that the Portugals shotte at them from lande so as the soldiers to saue themselues waded vp to the necke in water and yet hardly could get to their boates suffring the punishment of their rashnes for the enimy seeing them now flie without resistance fell to killing without pardoning of any and not onely followed them vnto the water but made an ende of such as being already entred the sea had cast vp againe to shoare halfe dead not hearing any that cried for mercy But the Portugals being nowe growen inexorable not onely slew the soldiers but pages and vallets so as there died aboue fower hundreth and not thirtie Portugals whereof some of them were but hurt in this action hatred preuailed more then any other respect for hauing reserued onely two aliue which termed themselues Portugals the extraordinarie rage of these men shewed it selfe who grieued with those few that were saued turned with crueltie to mangle the dead bodies for cutting them in peeces one caried a head in triumph one one member an other an other dragging whole bodies through the streetes with a thousand indignities The day following there remained not within the citie childe man nor religious person except the Iesuits that went not to the campe to see the slaughter of the enimies with instruments and dauncing taking pleasure to cut and mangle these insensible bodies and some affirme that there were of them who tearing out the harts of the dead woulde feede vpon them The Gouernour hauing put the armes of the dead men into wagons and drawing their colours after him entred the citie with great ioy of the people Baldes hauing hitherto beene a better marriner then he seemed now a soldier founde by this vnhappie euent with how much more iudgement he shoulde haue vndertaken this action but as one mischiefe is followed by many griefe did so blinde his vnderstanding as hee coulde not succour his soldiers as easilie he might and giue them meanes to retire to their ships if drawing neerer to lande hee had discharged his artillerie against the Portugals who were the first that gaue the name of bloudie vnto this warre This important effect did greatly preiudice the Catholique kings affaires for this nation being growen more cruell and more rebellious founde there was no hope of agreement nor remission whereby the King who liued in some hope they woulde be reclaimed grewe no we wholie desperate by this vnhappie successe and the rather for that searching the Prior throughout the realme they had intelligence by letters from Flaunders that hee was arriued in England from whence hee shoulde go into Fraunce to demaund succours vnderstanding also that there was hope hee shoulde obtaine them By reason whereof they did fortifie the seacoast of Portugall and especially the rocke of Saint Iulian And although this storme seemed yet farre off yet they regarded it the more for that the king was vnfurnished of men and the people generally of the realme little inclined to his deuotion so as it seemed if the Prior woulde againe hazard his fortune that at the onely sight of his colours the people woulde take armes There was no restraint could hold them seeing the Italians had beene discharged the Germaines and Spaniards whereof many being dead and many growing rich fledde away there remained in all not aboue fower or fiue thousand whereof one thousand was alreadie imploied with Lopo de Figueroa who was sent vnto the Ilands for although there were fifteene hundreth appointed yet the Germaines went vnwillinglie and for as much as the ships after their departure which was in Iuly returned more then once backe by reason of the contrarie windes many of them stole away not returning to the armie the which greatly diminished their number the rest were deuided into garrisons in the Prouince of Doro and Mynio and other places so as there remained scant a thousand men within Lisbone which seemed a small guard for so great a citie This departure of Anthony was in truth strange and it seemed both in this other like things that hee was either happie or had an extraordinarie gift of nature For remaining captiue in Affricke after that vnfortunate battaile of Sebastian he was the first of so many prisoners that was freed being likely for the qualitie of his person to haue beene the last but he coulde so well hide himselfe and conceale what he was that he was deliuered without discouerie And euen when as he departed from Viana in October 1580. vntill Iune 1581. he remained still within the realme so secretly as he was neuer discouered
the which is the more woorthie of admiration for that the diligence the King vsed to finde him out was admirable for all Iudges all Captaines and all soldiers were carefully imploied And although they had sometimes aduertisement of the place of his aboad and did follow him in a manner by his foote yet could they neuer finde him Ierom Mendosa with the help of Emanuel of Portugal in whom it was likelie that Anthony should trust treating an agreement laboured much to speake with him But although some of his familiar friends came vnto him somtimes at Alanquer somtimes at Vidigueira with hope they should meete yet did hee neuer discouer himselfe vnto them but the sleight execution of the punishment inflicted vpon such as did cōceale him did greatly preiudice their search for many therby did boldly receiue him The Duke of Alua his officers in the end of Lent had like to haue surprised him in Lisbon where the Duke had so many spies corrupted so many of his friends that it seemed vndoubtedly he shoulde fall into his hands but when as with greatest heate he shoulde haue pursued it he grew cold For vnderstanding that the king helde some regard of Mendoza his practise who with doubtfull hopes gaue him to vnderstande that the weeke before Easter the Prior woulde cast himselfe at the Kings feete hee feared to amaze him but the said Mendoza laboured in vaine For as it happens to him that feares Anthony distrusting all men performed nothing of what he promised neither went hee to any person where hee had appointed so as there neither followed the effect that was expected but they lost all hope to do any good Yet was it apparant that the affection which this nation bare vnto him was of great force for although that fortune preuailed in many more then faith yet in his afflictions and hauing so great an imposition laide vpon his person there was neuer any one amongst so many in whom he must of necessitie trust that euer sought to betraie him for hope of recompence although some laboured to saue themselues amongst which was Edward de Castro And therefore hee went safely throughout all the portes of the sea he was at Lisbone as it is saide where the king himselfe remained not finding meanes to imbarke some of his men being surprised hee went to Settuual where by the helpe of a woman hee hired a Flemmish ship for sixe hundreth crownes with the helpe of a religious man of the order of Saint Frauncis and with tenne of his faithfullest seruants he imbarked by night and so went to Caleis where wee may truely saie that God had not yet withdrawne his hand frō punishing of this nation and that this was as a scourge for by reason of the affection this people bare vnto him it was necessarie to keepe this people in awe with garrisons to the great hurt and ruine of the subiects Now was come the yeare 1581. at what time they expected the ships from the Indies Brasil Saint Thomas Cape Vert all other new found landes the which staied somewhat long and put them in some feare being looked for with greater desire then euer anie were Some feared they woulde not come others wished they shoulde come many helde opinion they shoulde willingly staie at the Terceres and from thence go into England the which if they should not willingly yeeld vnto touching vnaduisedly at the Ilands they shoulde bee forced thereunto by the Ilanders They were wished for both for the riches they carried as to vnderstande by them howe the people of those parts were addicted to the obedience of the Catholique king whereof many doubted Such as helde opinion they shoulde safely arriue at Lisbone saide that the Indies and other prouinces coulde not maintaine themselues without Spaine and shoulde bee forced to yeelde obedience to whomsoeuer that shoulde be Lorde of Portugall that they needed not feare the Terceres although they had spoiled some ships which they had taken or that had anchored there of their owne free will yet now the Castillian armie being master at sea vpon their discouerie they woulde conduct them to Lisbone not suffring them to approch the lande Such as supposed they woulde not come saide that the saide ships were departed from Lisbone in the yeere 1580. after King Henries death during the Gouernours raigne and that Lewes de Taide Earle of Toghia Viceroy of the Indies knowing there was a space-gouernement with likelihood of warre woulde attende the euent without yeelding obedience to any for that he woulde then shew it when he had intelligence who were king to be the more acceptable vnto him or hoping that amidst these tumults there woulde something remaine to his share But if notwithstanding he were resolued to sende them hee woulde appoint a captaine of his owne making and conformeable to his owne will with commission to obey him to whom he were most affected and that it were hard to iudge whom he wished most to be King besides that Emanuel de Melo being captaine Generall of the same armie when it departed from Portugall being a deuoted seruant to the Prior and had made shew to be of his faction it was likely that if he returned had any intelligēce of the Priors being in England the which he might easily vnderstande at the Ilands that he woulde saile thither the which if he coulde not performe in the same ships hee woulde then lande in the Ilands and after saile in other boats whether hee pleased with hope of gaine and bootie And although it were true that the Indians coulde not maintaine themselues yet Fraunce and England might more aboundanly furnish them and with greater profite then Portugall But for as much as in discoursing of matters which depends vpon an others will we cannot cōsider al causes of their errors a matter priuate to the diuine knowledge it fell out in an other manner then had beene discoursed For the Earle Viceroy of the Indies hauing by the same ships receiued letters from the Catholique King who enformed him of the equitie of his cause and of his intent with large promises whereunto and by the meanes of others which he receiued from the gouernors he gaue credite preferring them before such as he had receiued from Anthonie resolued to obey the King so as the ships departed and being arriued neere to the Terceres they came sailing without euer discouering of the kings armie for that Baldes discouraged with his ill successe at the Ilands could find no fit place to encounter thē True it is that after they had remained a whole day amongst those Ilands they were encountred by a French Barke sent from the Terceres who entreated the Captaines to go to Angra The Portugals demaunded the state of the realme that they might thereby know howe to gouerne themselues but for that there were none but marriners they coulde neither perswade dissemble nor speake the truth but contradicting themselues those of the fleete
Flaunders seeming more to importe wholie to assure those countries and to expell the Catholique Kings forces then to vndertake an other enterprise of greater difficultie And the assurance of this opinion did helpe the Fren̄ch for it did diuert or at the least deuided the Spanish forces and was cause that in Spaine they prepared not their armies with such expedition as was conuenient But hauing after assured intelligence that the French prepared to encounter the ships that came from the Indies and the newe founde lands the prouision for Flaunders went slowly forwarde in Italie And in Spaine they made greater haste of their nauie for the which there was want of sailers and other necessaries yet with some trouble they had prepared in Andelouzia about twentie ships and twelue galleies The Marquesse was returned to Lisbone giuing order to the nauie to goe to Cape Saint Vincent and there to attend their charge At his arriuall he found within the riuer of Tagus twenty other ships ill appointed comprehending the Biscaines and some Flemmings hired in a manner by force where hauing shipped sixe thousand Spanish foote vnder Lopo de Figueroa the Marquesse imbarked with many noble men Ferrant of Toledo going as a priuate soldier with some other gentlemen This was not the kings first intention being resolued to assemble the body of his armie in Andelouzia whither the ships of Biscay at their departure had commaundement to repaire but in sailing being come to Lisbone and hauing hired some others with the gallions of Portugall the king supposed the greatest number was there that he should spende time to cause one parte of the armie to goe seeke the other supposing they shoulde meete he commaunded both the one and the other to saile towardes Portugall as they did labouring to ioine by the way And although all this was slowly executed yet had it bin more if the king by his owne presence had not hastened their departure the which was not before the x. of Iuly in the yeere 1582. so slow are the Spaniards by nature in the execution of their businesse At that time the French armie departed with Anthony and all his followers being in number aboue threescore and ten saile and seuen thousand foote whereof Philip Strozzi and Mounsieur de Brisack were commaunders THE NINTH BOOKE The Contents of the ninth Booke The description of the Jland of Saint Michael The arriuall of the French armie there The arriuall of the Spanish armie The battaile at sea The death of Philip Strozzi and of the Count of Vimioso The voiage of Anthony to the Terceres and his manner of proceeding The sentence of the Marquesse against the prisoners and his execution The death of the Duke of Alua and his praises The new estates where Prince Philip was sworne by reason of the death of Prince Diego And how the Cardinall Archduke of Austria was made Gouernour of Portugall WHilest the French and Spanish armies sailed towards the Terceres both Courtes were in suspence and in diuers hopes of successe but in Fraunce they conceiued more assurance then in Portugall for the French not esteeming the Spanish forces helde themselues superiours in number both of ships and men and hauing the Ilands at their deuotion they stoode assured that their armie should both spoile the Indian fleete sacke the Iland of Saint Michael and ouercome the enimies armie if they ioined with them And they relied so much thereon that extending their hopes farther furthered by the promises of Anthony and of what he said that he had followers in Portugall they hoped to approch the realme and to put men on lande and to arme the vnarmed Portugals for which cause they carried great quantitie of armes and to set so firme a footing vpon the maine lande as they should easily maintaine themselues so as with this intention many Noble men and gentlemen imbarked with the Armie both for that the French are easie to mooue as also heerein to please the Queene mother In the Court of Spaine their thoughts were not all so conformeable nor so ioyfull for the Portugals being now as contrarie in their humours to the Castillians as they had beene euer making hope equall to their owne desires seeing the affaires now in equal ballance many wished they should make no resistance and many expected the comming of Anthonie The rest of the Portugals more content with the present state of the Castillians shewed great hope the warres should now ende saying they were assured they should defeat this Armie take Anthonie prisoner and either by loue or force subdue the Ilandes yet inwardly they were not well satisfied For seeing their armies deuided without hope to ioyne it seemed vnto the wisest the victorie was not so assured as some supposed and that the Spaniards by giuing battaile should hazard to lose much and winne little and contrariwise the French to winne much and loose little for that the greatest mischiefe that coulde seeme to happen to the enimies was the defeating of the Armie and taking the Ilandes from their obedience which things although they shoud all happen yet were they not of any great moment to Fraunce but if contrariwise the Spanish Armie should be defeated their losse would be equall to the French for besides the ships they should with all lose with the Iland of Saint Michaell the hope to recouer the rest the Indian Fleet withal their treasure should serue as a Pray to the French and the realme should be stil in doubt subiect to all those inconueniences which so great a losse should bring with it chiefly vnto a realme newly conquered This feare was augmented for that their Armie which consisted of good ships and was manned with good souldiers was notwithstanding vnprouided of mariners and wilde fiers whereof some were drawen by force and the Marques himselfe went with small contentment not for that hee feared but hauing beene at his departure somewhat discountenanced by the King blaming him to haue beene too slacke in the dispatch of the Armie besides going in Flemmish ships and with Germane soldiers little acquainted with the sea increased these doubts yet outwardly these men shewed a great confidence grounding the rests of their hopes vpon the qualitie of the Spanish souldiers and the greatnes of their ships Manie woondred how the wordes of Anthonie could so preuaile in Fraunce as in a maner to moue all that Court to vndertake his protection with so great vehemencie as they had done not shewing any pretention he had vnto the Crowne hauing no great hope to make him Lord nor to imploy such forces as he pretended to haue seeing that such as fauoured him were kept vnder in Portugall with great garrisons And this readines of the French seemed to them the greater for that before they had shewed themselues more slack to succour the Portugals against the Castillians when as they had a fitter occasion and a more grounded hope of good successe then now they could haue for in
to spoile the Ilands as they had already done that of Saint Michaels and that the same armie hauing tried a battaile against his Maiesties the French had beene broken and ouercome in the which being taken eight and twentie noblemen and two and fiftie gentlemen and manie other marriners and soldiers he declared them taken as enimies to the quiet and publike good disturbers of the traffike and fauourers of his Maiesties rebels that as such and as publike pirats hee commaunded the Auditor generall of the armie that for their chasticement and for the example of others hee shoulde execute vpon them the punishment of naturall death beheading the Gentlemen and hanging the rest which passed the age of seuenteene yeeres being so conuenient both for the seruice of God and of the two kings This sentence seemed cruell to all such as heard it and chiefly vnto the Spanish soldiers both for that they feared the like might happen vnto thē an other day as also for that they would not lose the profit which many expected by the raunsome of the saide prisoners or else for their owne good inclination so as some of the soldiers laying aside all respect saide it was not well grounded for that there was no firme and inuiolable peace betwixt the Catholique King and most Christian but warre and that those were neither pirats nor theeues but valiant soldiers That there was no peace they prooued it by the warres of Flaunders more hot then euer where the French did in a manner possesse all the Catholique Kings patrimonie And that they were no pirats they prooued by the letters patents they had from the King vnder the which the ships and soldiers were enrolled besides the number and qualitie of these men were such as it appeered cleerely they woulde not haue attempted it of themselues if the king had not sent them And although betwixt the two crownes they dissembled many things the Christian King excusing himselfe sometimes vpon his mother sometimes vpon his brother that they were all deuises of Princes but for all that they were not without open warre the lawes whereof they saide was not so stricte as to commaund them to hang all their prisoners And this execution did so mooue the hearts of manie that some of the principall soldiers being assembled togither went with a commendable example vnto the Marques to make intercession for the life of their enimies who answered that the most Christian King had expresly commaunded that all Frenchmen that shoulde take armes against the Catholique King shoulde be corporally punished so as the same day these Gentlemen with a generall pittie and great seueritie were beheaded vpon the scaffolde and the marriners and soldiers hanged in diuers places and the pittie was the greater being apparant that they were all not onely valiant soldiers but Catholique and deuout Christians The blame of this seuere execution was not imputed to the Marques supposing that he had expresse commaundement from the King whom likewise they excused for hauing so determined seeing it was not to bee presumed that so many personages of importance should come with such an armie and remaine prisoners especially knowing that Philip by his owne inclination was not cruell yet on the other side they considered that the King in his minde shoulde haue conceiued a cruell disdaine against the French seeing that vnder the shadow of amitie peace and alliance Kings writing daily one to the orher greeuing and reioycing at their troubles and contents did not onely aide his rebels but also tooke his countries and sent so great an armie to endomage him And although that Princes do vsually dissemble and counterfeit in many things yet it seemed the French vnder a new kinde of dissimulation would make warre whereby they did inferre that this execution did nothing displease the King The armie being a little repaired here the Marques went to the I le of Coruo to meete with the Indian fleete and hauing past in view of the citie of Angra he put Anthonie and all the people into confusion for although the Marques content with the victorie would not thrust himselfe into a new danger yet Anthonie doubted that in the heat of the victorie he would pursue and assaile the Ilande in the which although he had men enough both of the nation and of the French yet were they fearfull and disordered and Anthonie himselfe at the same time prouided a light ship to imbarke if neede were These newes came slowly to Lisbone for the which they were in great care hauing newes of the fight by the meanes of a Zabra of Biscay but a French ship which had beene sore beaten by the gallion Saint Mathew being fled from the battel gaue assurance of the euent for beeing arriued disguised at Settuual he was discouered finding within her some Spanish souldiers dead in the bosome of one of them was written all that had passed in the armie since their departure from Lisbone vntill the time that he was slaine The Marques attended long about the Ilands for the Indian fleete whereof two being arriued the seas growing high he came with them to Lisbone to the great ioy of all the court where he was extraordinarily fauoured by the King Anthony after the Marques his departure remained more quiet in minde supposing that for one whole yeere he need not feare any enimie He greatly greeued for the death of the French prisoners fearing it would preiudice his cause in France But Emanuel de Silua pressed him to reuenge in hanging about fiftie or threescore Castillians which were there taken prisoners at diuers times the which he woulde not suffer being better enclined He was ill furnished with money although hee had great store of armes and munition For this consideration he daily all by the inuention of the saide Silua made rigorous commandements to draw money from the people and from such as did not follow him willingly He caused gold to be coined which hee valued at fiue and twentie roials although it weied but eight He made testons of siluer weighing a roiall and a halfe the which he made currant for halfe a duckat and the copper money which was woorth three in Portugall hee valued at tenne And for that many were retired to the mountaines to be free from troubles within the citie hee commaunded euery one to returne and if any deferred his comming longer then the time limited by his commaundement they presently seazed his goods Many for feare of the souldiers had carried and hidden their goods without the citie and therefore he commaunded euerie one to bring them backe againe whereby he gained much for he demaunded a loane of money of such as came and brought it backe and if any one obeyed not he sent Souldiers to search their goods and to spoile them with a thousand indignities It was a lamentable thing to see how the Church causes were handled for the religious men except the Iesuits imploied in militarie actions
retayned nothing of a priest but the habit and the name as for sermons confessions and such like things they came from them as from men which had not God before their eies And Anthonie himselfe during these afflictions had not his minde free from lasciuiousnes for the women of honour could hardly be free from his lustes hauing too familiar accesse into the monasterie of religious women amongst whom as well as amongst the men raigned the passions of the affaires of the Realme with no small scandall and great disorder and many of his as also of the French followed this his example Anthonie liued this kinde of life vntill the moneth of October irresolute what to doe To goe into Fraunce after the losse of so great a number of the nobilitie he helde it not safe neither knew he how he should be looked on for he feared as much the disdaine of particulars as he hoped in the protection of the Queene mother To remaine there he saw it a thing not able long to subsist with so great garrisons not hauing wherewithall to pay the souldiers nor in a manner how to furnish his expences He resolued therefore with such shippes as he had to depart for Fraunce but first would goe towardes the Madera and the Iland of Canarie that by spoyling of some weake places hee should content the souldiers with some weake pray For this cause hauing prepared about thirtie saile he not onely shipped his souldiers but with a new deuise he commaunded all the citizens which he suspected and all religious persons affected to the contrarie partie as the Iesuits and others to imbarke making this commaundement most rigorous to those that could least obserue it to the ende they should redeeme this voyage with money But all as vnprofitable in sea causes excused themselues with liuely reasons and entreaties but it preuailed nothing making answere to the yoonger that he had neede of them for his guarde and to the olde for counsell so as many sought to content him with money as hee desired euerie one according to his abilitie by meanes whereof they were freede from his commaundement But this inuention was soone counter-checkt by another for many desired to leaue the Iland to imbarke not with intention to follow the armie but to saile into Spaine Some of the Captaines of the shippes vnderstanding their mindes agreede with the Portugals not to deliuer any money to Anthonie for their stay in the Iland but paying them the like summe and much lesse they would land them in Portugall so as many trusting to the French and English not paying any thing to Anthonie imbarked with them agreeing for a certaine summe to be set on land Anthonie departed with this armie from the Terceres leauing Emanuel de Silua in his place with fiue hundred Frenchmen vnder the charge of Baptiste Florentin and Charles a French man their Captaines He arriued at the Iland of Saint Michael where hauing staied long thereabouts fearing the Spanish garrison there he durst not land being forced to leaue it by a storme that rose Then some of his English and French ships left him keeping promise with the Portugals that were imbarked with them In the meane time they had newes in Fraunce of the defeat of the armie and the death of so many prisoners which caused both in court and throughout the Realme a great griefe and disdaine and enflamed the French to reuenge and as they had Flaunders neere and matters in that estate as hath beene said there they discharged their choler neither did they forbeare after the returne of Anthonie to treat of a new preparation of an armie at sea for the sommer following It was giuen out in Spaine that the faction of Anthony and the French against Portugall was dashed and that they had weakned their forces yet did they not dismisse their hired ships At that time two galliasses being arriued from Naples it seemed the king would assemble a great armie for the next yeere and make himselfe absolute Lorde of the Ocean both in respect of the affaires of Anthony as to assure his ships from the Indies and newe founde landes from the French and English and to force the Iland The Catholique King desired to returne into Castill both for that he was called by the states of Arragon and to finish the marriage of his daughter with the Emperour as also for other business of the realme and was vpon the point to effect it in Nouember 1582. but he woulde first extend his pardon graunted at Tomar to such as had followed Anthony For this cause hauing excepted the religious persons and tenne others hee pardoned freely all the rest that shoulde present themselues within a certaine time but this wrought no effect for there came fewe and many said that the King being yet displeased could not make a free pardon This departure was after staied by the newes of the death of Diego his eldest sonne who as hee had beene sworne Prince of Portugall at the estates of Tomar hee woulde likewise that the same oath shoulde bee made in the person of Philip his second sonne being then sicke And for that he had no other issue male the succession masculine of these Realmes remaining in the breath of one only togither with the kings age and the disposition of the affaires of the world both the quiet seditious were in care But for the swearing of him he assembled the estates at Lisbone in the moneth of Februarie resolute to accomplish this ceremonie before his departure At that time the Duke of Alua consumed with a continuall feauer died in the pallace of Lisbone in the Kings owne quarter being of the age of threescore fourteene yeeres During his sicknes he was greatly fauoured of the King who did visite him a little before his death There is no doubt but the King apprehended the losse of such a seruant which bred no lesse discontentment in him then pleasing to his enimies But the Portugals obserued that the day following he went publikely to masse without any shew of discontent contrary to the custome of their kings who vpon the death of men of lesse qualitie hauing done any notable seruices to the crowne retired themselues for a time the which seemed the more strange for that King Emanuel vpon the death of a notable Pilote withdrew himselfe three daies But the actions of great Princes are so subiect to the censure of the vulgar as the wisest minister matter of discourse to the curious and malicious to slaunder them With him died as a man may say all the warlike discipline of Spaine for there remained not any one captaine equall vnto him He was of a goodly stature of visage leane and graue hee had rare gifts of nature and fortune the which he augmented much by arte he was of a noble minde of a readie and subtill spirite assured in iudgement and peaceable He was not greedy of worldly wealth sparing
although it were not verie great in number yet we may say the Catholique king had neuer so many trained Spaniards as in this For besides that the greatest part had beene in Italy such as had beene in the battaile at sea of the league against the Turke were there and likewise those that remained at the warres of Flaunders As the fleete went out of the riuer a shippe striking against a shelfe was made vnfitte to saile and an other hauing not sailed farre lost her helme but hauing transported their soldiers into other ships they went to harbour This fleete sailing altogither the swiftest shippe of saile was faine to staie her course for the slowest and the galleies being of all other swiftest were constrained to linger for the shippes but for as much as this was the first time that euer these kinde of vessels with oares had beene within the Ocean so farre from land the Marques wished that they should not lose the occasiō of faire weather which they had to passe the gulph fearing that euery small storme might endomage them he therefore desired rather to dismember them from the armie then to retaine them with peril For this cause the xxvj day vnderstanding the Patrons desire to goe before he suffered them to depart alone towards the Iland of S. Michael with order to attende him there so as sailing more at ease with scant windes the thirde of Iuly they discouered land And for that the winde woulde not suffer the armie to approch the Marques sent a Zabre vnto Punta Delgada commanding Augustine Iniquez coronel of two thousand Spaniards which had remained there the yere before for the guard of the Iland to shippe all his men within the galleies which had arriued there before in safetie he shoulde likewise take with him certaine peeces of batterie and moiles to vse at lande if neede were with other prouisions and therefore setting vp all his sailes the winde growing somewhat better he drew neere with his ships to Villa Franca and from thence went in a galley to Punta Delgada where likewise a part of the armie had cast anchor hee set all things in order but the windes growing contrary he coulde not depart before the xxij day when as setting saile hee came the xxiiij to the Terceres This Iland is scituated as is said in the fortith degree of latitude and three hundreth forty two of longitude it hath fortie miles in circuite extending it selfe in length from the east vnto the west so as it is not much aboue twelue miles broad although it be rough for the most part and stony yet is it in a maner all inhabited towards the south for the commoditie of the shoares it is more populous then the rest for comming from the west you first discouer the citie of Angra a place in a small bosome of the sea but not greatly secure from the windes where of it takes the name for Angra in their language is a bosome Ioyning to this citie there is a castell begun in the time of King Sebastian and made defensible for the garde of this porte Sixe miles towards the east neere vnto a dangerous shoare which they call the port of Mole is Saint Sebastian a place smally inhabited and three miles farther is that of Piaggia so called being the best landing place of all others This place is neere vnto Punta de la Serra which is the last promontorie towards the East behinde the which turning to the North is another place which they call Agua Alua sixe miles from that of Piaggia This coast towards the North although it be as we haue saide inhabited yet doth it not containe any places of woorth being replenished onely with peasants houses neere to the point of the West there is a small assembly of inhabitants which they call the Altari The Marques being arriued at this Iland he discouered within that small bosome of sea of the citie of Angra those ships which had brought the succours and some others assembled for spoile with some merchants He cast anchor at Saint Sebastian beginning visiblie to finde that the Iland was no lesse fortified then had beene described vnto them The fleete lay onely a cannon shot from land so as there was many a shotte spent at them in vaine from the forts not suffering his men to discharge one volley it may be for that it seemed vnto him a vaine diligence or rather as he saide the better to iustifie his Kings cause Hee commaunded fower galleies to lie before the towne to serue as a bridle for those ships and to keepe them from comming foorth the which was helde too much ouerweening some holding opinion that he should in dissembling giue them meanes to depart rather then to force them to dispaire Hee sodainly sent a trumpet to lande offering to all such as were in the Iland a generall pardon in his Maiesties behalfe if they woulde yeeld but approching to land he was vnkindly kept backe by their artillerie The pardon concerned the succession of the King to the crowne the disobedience of the Iland and the clemencie of his Maiestie he offred vnto all such as were naturall borne their liues and goods if they woulde yeelde obedience and to strangers ships to transport them into their countries with their goods armes and ensignes But being not able to publish it by this meanes he sent two Portugals secretly to land who deliuered a copie thereof to Emanuel de Silua but making no account thereof hee concealed it least others should see it supposing it may be that it was nowe too late to vse it and therefore hee not onely refused to accept of this pardon but also threatned to hange them that brought it if they discouered the cause of their comming least the Ilanders should likewise embrace it The armie spent all the xxiiij day and the next following in discouering the circuit of the Iland with the places and fortifications in consulting where to land most fitly and what course to hold The Marques himselfe the marshals of the fielde with other of the chiefe commaunders in a small barke ran alongst the shoare they found they had fortified more carefully then elsewhere in the citie of Angra and Piaggia as places most fit for landing and it seemed that the French did watch there with greater care then in other parts Some Portugals of this Iland who going to discouer had beene taken prisoners by them of Saint Michaell and now brought vnto the armie saide there was no fitter place to land then at the port of Mole neere Saint Sebastian but whether they spake it to deceiue the Castillians the place being more rough then it seemed or that they deliuered their opinion faithfully the Marques had still his eie vpon that part for finding it rather lesse fortified then the rest although the shoare were not so commodious there as in other places enclining rather to fight against the difficulties of Nature then Rampiers
Cape-Vert fortifyed the Castle of Saint George in Ethiopia which they call Mina discouered the Princes Island and that of Saint Thomas which lyeth perpendicularly vnder the Equinoctiall with certaine smal Ilands thereabouts they became Lords ouer all And passing further they entred into league with the Realmes of Congo and Angolla all Moores hauing passed the great Cape of Buena Esperança and the Island of Saint Laurence right against it vpon the mayne land they became Lords of Soffolla Mozambique and Melynde where according to the humours and qualitie of the people they had won some by loue some by force although for the most part where they set footing they preuailed by Armes In the time of the said Emanuell they passed the mouth of the red sea traffiquing at Socotra Calahiate they did run through the Persian gulph and hauing passed the mouth of the riuer Indus they entred into India where first by traffique after by force they landed at Calecut Cochin and other places thereabouts but more strongly then in any other place vnder the conduct of Alphonso Albuquerque a famous captaine at Goa a small Iland in the Realme of Accen neere vnto the countrey of Idalcan the which is now a citie with an Archbishopricke chiefe of that State where the Vizeroy maketh his ordinarie aboad They haue gone along all that coast building small fortresses and hauing turned backe to the mouth of the said gulph they are become Maisters of the I le of Ormus and along that coast haue conquered the cities of Chaul Damane Bazain and Diu. Vpon the point of the coast of Mallabar which they call the Cape of Comery turning towards the gulph of Gangis they haue traffique and fortresses in the I le of Zeilan which some take to bee the ancient Taprobana where groweth the best Cinnamom And hauing passed the said gulph towards the East the mouth of Gangis they discouered the other coast at the point whereof which the ancient call the golden Chersonesse they became Lords of the towne of Malaca fiue and twentie miles from the great Iland of Somatra held also of some for Taprobana And passing on further not onely by their traffique in the Realme of Pegu and other countries vpon the firme lande but also by their nauigation they haue discouered the greater and lesser Iaua the kingdome of China the great sea of the Isles of the Molucques from whence come all the Cloues and Nutmegs with many other drugs the I le of Iappon To conclude they haue sayled on so far as they haue met in those quarters with the Castillians that came to the Conquest of the West Indies discouered by Christopher Columbus a Geneuoys in the name of the Kings of Castill Of late daies some by these two nauigations haue compassed the whole world and ioyned East to West They haue also in the time of Emanuell conquered opposite to Ethiopia and to the Cape of Buena esperança the prouince which they cal S. a Croix commonly called Brazill ioyning to Peru running 1500. miles in length yet stretcheth it not far into the maine land they haue deuided it into eight parts which they call Captaineships and haue in a manner giuen it to those that haue conquered it reseruing to the King the greatest part of the iurisdiction And although for a time it did seeme of small profit so as the criminall Iudges of Portugall did and doe yet still confine and banish thither theeues murtherers and such like malefactors yet being fertile it is greatly inhabited so as at this day there are great dwellings and manie buildings for sugars The principall townes be the Bay of Alsaints and Pernanbuc All these countries of new conquest whereof we haue made mention are rich and of great importance from thence commeth yeerely as we haue said into Portugall ships laden with sugars spice drugs stones with many other precious things and of great value And to say the truth this nation is woorthie of great praise that hauing but a small and barren countrey they haue made themselues equall by the good institutions frugalitie and vertue of some of their Kings not onely to all the kingdomes of Spaine but haue gloriously maintained war against Castil a Realme far more rich and mightie then that of Portugall and their other neighbours They haue shewed the like vertue nay rather greater far from home as well in Affricke as at the Indies hauing not onely perfourmed so woonderfull a nauigation as was held in the beginning by the wisest to be rash and foolish but also giuen such testimonie of their Armes in those parts that the writers hold many of their deeds to be miraculously performed by reason of the inequalitie wherewith they were attempted hauing shewed themselues in fight at sea and defending of forts more valiant than in any thing else And besides the conquest of so great an empire in so long and large a sea as we haue written it hath caused an other good of greater importance for Christian religion the which is now planted in all those countries So as whole Realmes which were Idolatrous are now obedient to the Apostolique Sea to the great commendation of the Iesuits whom in that countrey they call Apostles who haue and doe still maintaine a spirituall war Notwithstanding the Portugals who for the space of 460. yeeres had beene busied in these glorious attempts who had planted their crosses in the farthest bounds of the East whereas the name of Christ was not yet knowen they haue not since followed the steps begunne but contented with the weake borders of the Indian seas they haue not pearst into the maine lande but corrupted with the pleasures of the people and inriched with the traffique of marchandize they haue beene content to enioy their gettings not acknowledging the benefite of the giuer of graces and hauing conuerted the militarie reuenewes of Commandries into pleasures they became idle and vaine attributing to themselues the honors and ceremonies which faithfull Christians reserue vnto God they liued long in this estate yet in good opinion of the worlde This corruption and weakenes of the Realme brought in by the delights of Asia was in the education of king Sebastian discouered and reiected by the Iesuits who as religious men desired and laboured much to reforme it But they applied not fit medicines for so languishing a body not considering the impossibilitie sodainly to reclaime a whole people alreadie corrupted with libertie to the extreame rigor and sparingnes of these Fathers A hard matter to performe not onely in a kingdome but also in the precinct of their monasteries Whereupon they made sumptuarie lawes and especially vpon victuals which the auncient Spartaines coulde hardly haue tolerated They did specifie what meates were allowed and what defended distinguished wherein euerie man should imploy his money taking from them in a manner all that came from forraine countries were they for profite or pleasure So as these violent remedies prooued not
particular or for want of iudgement did counsell him to warre it was concluded And although his owne weakenes was vnknowne vnto himselfe yet was he aduised by others to take a companion and to drawe the Catholique King into this action belieuing it were easily performed the State of Affrick being of greater importance for his kingdome which was adioining to it then for Portugall He desired greatly to marrie to haue issue although his Phisicions feared much he was vnable for generation and woulde willingly haue taken one of the daughters of the Catholique King whereof they had giuen him an assured hope for these two causes he desired to enter parle with him sending Peter D' Alcasoua as Embassadour vnto him with commandement to treat of three points that is for aide in the action of Affrick for the marriage of his daughter and for an enteruiew The Embassador departed and effected with great diligence the charge his maister had giuen him and hauing attended some time in this court he obtained all three the promise of marriage with one of his daughters when she shoulde come to yeeres for as yet they were too yoong That the Catholique King should goe to Guadalupa to meete with King Sebastian And as for succours he shoulde furnish men galleies to vndertake the enterprize of Alarache the which was spoken very coldly For the Catholique King knowing the Portugals to presume beyond their strength and holding it nothing safe to vndertake this action of Affrick without great forces he laboured what he could by letters to temper this heate disswading him with many reasons if not from the enterprize at the least not to go himselfe in person but this yoong Prince resting immooueable in his counsels and most obstinate in his opinion did still importune him by letters Phillip confirmed the succours of men and galleis so as the Turke should sende no men into Italy and that they shoulde vndertake Alarache in the yeere 1577. the whole being referred vnto their enteruiew at Guadalupa The Embassadour returnes home more fauoured then euer seeming to haue effected more then was thought or looked for In both Courts they make no great delaies but take their way for Guadalupa where both kings arriue with no great traines but with the chiefe Noblemen and Gentlemen of their Realmes There the Portugals who arriued last were receiued with great shewes of loue finding in all places of Castill where they passed the kings expresse commandement to receiue him of Portugall as his owne proper person so as at Badagios and in other places where he past the chiefe men went to meete him the prisons were opened and he conducted to his lodging vnder a cloth of estate The Catholique King tooke great pleasure to see yoong Sebastian whom he entertained as his host laying aside all tearms fitte for a greater King entreating each other equally in maiestie talking particularly of the warre being both profitable and honorable for the Realmes of Spaine The Catholique King did not disswade him yet he aduised him not to goe in person excusing himselfe that he could giue no great succour by reason of the continuall charge he was put to in Italy to resist the Turke but Sebastian being fully resolued to goe and admitting no excuse Phillip desirous to please him accorded with him in this sort That the generall opinion being and especially of the Duke of Alua that this action woulde require 15000. foote not Portugals but of other nations trained vp in warre deuided into Italians Germaines Spaniards that the king of Portugall should entertaine ten thousand and the Catholique King fiue thousand furnishing the enterprize with fiftie galleis alwaies prouided if the Turke sent not an armie into Italy and thatthey should goe vnto Allarache without entring into the maine land and this to be attempted in the yeere 1577 otherwise he should not be bound to any thing This treatie being ended euery one returned from whence he came In Portugall they made slowe preparatiues to warre and in the first beginning their money failed them for that the reuenewes of the Crowne are small and ill imploied The whole Realme vpon the maine land yeelding but a million and one hundreth thousand duckets a yeere The greatest part in customes the which be vnreasonable paying for all things twentie in the hundreth except fish which paieth the one halfe The new found lands as Saint Thomas Myna Brazil and the Indies yeeld but a million at the most which makes in all two millions and one hundreth thousand duckats which comes to the Crowne And although the Indies yeelde one other million of rent yet make they neither receipt nor paiment thereof being whollie reteined there for the entertaining of armies and garrisons Of these two millions and a hundreth thousand duckats there remaines nothing at the yeeres end in Court and if the King vse any liberalitie his charge exceeds the reuenewes for that they receiue without order and spende without measure For these Kings were neuer so happie as to be serued with men of iudgement and discretion who could order the reuenewes and expences but giuing the charge alwaies vnto Noblemen who were aduanced thereunto by fauour and not by merite an ordinarie custome in that countrey they studied to maintaine themselues in that throne by other meanes letting the reuenewes of the Crowne goe as it woulde So as what in wages of officers rents created recompence for life priuiledges which they call Giuros sold by him entertaining of Fortresses in Affrick preparation of nauies and expences of the Court all is spent They went therefore seeking heere and there for money forcing the people to contribute and the chiefe Citizens extraordinarily for although they gathered much by this meanes yet they did drawe vpon them the curses and exclamations of the people being most affectionate and obedient to their King but nothing preuailed against the burning desire of officers They exacted from the Clergie the thirde part of their reuenewes whereunto they would not yeeld yet seeing the Pope yeelded vnto the Kings affections they granted a hundreth and fiftie thousand duckats They granted vnto the new Christians paying two hundreth fiue twentie thousand duckats that which before had been for a time granted often since denied that for sinning against the Inquisition they shoulde not loose their goods as they did They imposed a newe custome vpon the salt and exacted money from the Nobilitie and Gentlemen of the Realme against their auncient customes many being by this meanes vniustly vexed Amongst other Noblemen the King sent to Frauncis de Melo Earle of Tentuguel who excusing himselfe did write vnto the King with greater libertie then possiblie reason woulde allowe For noting greatly the demand of money which they had made vnto him as vniust he said it agreed not with the vertues with which his highnes was indued neither did it seeme reasonable that they whose fathers had beene helpers to conquer the Realme shoulde be
aide enter one foot into Affrick that they had disimbarked rashly had retired like cowards Lewis de Silua one of the Kings chiefe fauorites spake his mind freely vpon this point saying there was no reason for an Armie to march by land that went to a towne adioyning vpon the sea hauing so goodly a Fleete which might easily be furnished with fresh water for so small a voyage which was their onely want He alleaged that it was most easie to goe by sea standing in no feare of any enimie most profitable for that the way short and the descent easie vnderstanding that there was no resistance contrariwise it was most dangerous to march by land being ignorant where the enimie did lie what forces he had So as supposing him to be far off he might be at their backs and hauing any wants which happen often in an Armie being far from the sea they should hardly be supplied that betwixt Alarache and them did run the riuer of Lixe called by Ptolome Lixos vpon the left bank whereof standeth the towne that hauing neither bridge nor barkes to passe they must leauing the sea side by a long course seeke a foorde or the Moores bridge whither being come it were doubtfull to know with what facilitie they should passe it being likely the enemies would fortifie the passage Betwixt these two contrarie opinions the one by sea the other by lande the thirde was spoken of the which was to march along the sea side in view of the Fleete with their Chariots vpon the left hand in steed of Rampiers and being come to the mouth of the riuer to passe them with their barkes but this opinion which seemed to be lesse hurtfull was not liked of by the King although the rest that would haue gone by sea gaue eare to it most willingly yet those that did contradict it although they were more in number yet being of lesse authoritie the King being of the other partie the worst of all three which was to goe by lande preuayled Mulei Mahamet seeing the King so hot in this action grew daily into new feares hoping of no good successe he doubted before that if the King should haue the victorie he would charge him with too heauie a yoke but hauing viewed the Armie he lost all hope of victorie if they should fight and therefore thought it most conuenient to aduise the King to goe by sea to Alarache hoping he should easily win that place and returne into Portugall with that victorie leauing his Armie in Affricke by meanes where of he hoped to win such credit that they should abandon Moluc and flye vnto him yet if he would fight to do it with more facilitie and greater iudgement then it seemed to him Sebastian would But his counsell preuailed no more with the King then the rest so as commaunding Diego de Sosa to attend him with the Fleete at Alarache he marched with his whole Armie to Alcasarquiuir being the direct way vnto the bridge hauing but 13000. foote and 1500. horse that is 8000 Portugals 3000. Germaines 1000. Spaniards and 600. Italians with twelue peeces of Artillerie but the more they aduanced into the firme lande the more their feare increased and chiefely of them that perswaded to goe by sea And although some did againe shew vnto the King that Errors in war cannot be repaired that it would be too late after to change his resolution and that he ought to haue great care in the execution of those things that cannot be redressed beseeching him not to cast himselfe into so dangerous an enterprise and aboue all not to leaue the sea laying before him the perill the small gaine the want of victuals and the little or no experience of the souldiers yet nothing preuailed but as it often happeneth that we reape a bad recompence for good counsel being discōtented with those he should haue fauoured he would scarse heare thē The rest knowing by this proofe he would accept of no counsell durst not aduise him for feare of his disgrace The Armie had no chiefe leaders able to commaund and therefōre could neither march lodge nor fight in order For although the King serued as Generall Edward de Meneses Marshall of the Campe with some others of lesse qualitie yet they wanted experience for although the strangers had their commanders of more experience in actions of war then the Portugals as the Marques generall of the Italians the Lord of Tamberg of the Germaines and Alphonso d' Aguilar of the Spaniards yet for that none of them was Generall and being strangers they might not dispose of the Armie so as none of the Portugals knew his charge The King the 29. of Iuly made his first lodging at the Milles three miles from Arzilla the second at Menera where he had aduertisement that Moluc approched From thence he wrote his letters to Lisbone to Peter d Alcasoua briefly but ful of ouerweening in the which he said he vnderstood that Moluc drew neere him and if he escaped not he woulde ioyne battell with him At that time arriued Captaine Frauncis d'Aldana who had promised to serue the King and for that effect had obtayned leaue of the Catholike King which no man else could do as a man expert in war hauing viewed the ill disposition of the Campe began to execute all the greatest charges disposing the souldiers in the best order that he could although being a stranger and of no credit with the Portugals he could not effect all he vnderstood In this sort they marched slowly lodging alwaies in places of aduantage by the industrie of the saide Aldana and of Philip Terzy who serued as Ingener although they discouered some horse yet knew they not for certaine what Moluc pretended Aldana brought vnto the King letters from the Duke of Alua with present of a headpiece which was the Emperours Charles the fifth and a cassocke of white taffetie with the which the said Charles entered conquerour into Tunis He said vnto some that he had beene sorrie the King should attempt any thing in the firme lande of Affricke But hearing by his owne letters that he would onely goe to Alarache he did receiue great contentment and did commend his resolution being in the meane time come into certaine small hils which they call Cabeza d' Ardana they tooke their third lodging from thence they went to Bercain but to come to the fifth they must passe the small riuer of Mucazen at a foord the which fals somewhat lower into Lixe Moluc aduertised of the Portugals course hauing made longer staie at his lodging beyond Alcazar then he ment to giue the enimie better meanes to approch his troupes being ioined he dislodged the second of August marching towards Alcazar The day following he went directly towards the bridge which the Portugals sought for and being passed did strongly encampe themselues towards the sea not meaning to passe any farther the waies being full of hils
land the places were thus deuided The Italians had three coronels Prosper Colonna Vincent Caraffa and Charles Spinelli hauing for Generall Peter de Medicy brother to Frauncis the great Duke of Tuscaine with whom was sent by the saide great Duke Lewes d'Ouara whom the King had made one of his Councellers at warre Sanches d'Auila was Lord Marshall of the field There was no commaunder of the horse the Captaines being all Noblemen and men of account they could not conueniently make them subiect to any one of their companions the place requiring a man of such qualitie as he coulde not be inferior to the Duke and superior to the saide Captaines although after in time of necessitie Ferrant of Tolledo sonne to the saide Duke was made their leader Count Ierome of Lodron commaunded the Germaines Frauncis d'Allaua had his ordinarie charge as Generall of the artillerie but although the preparations were brought to this point yet the King daily protested by his ministers to the Gouernors of the inconueniences of the warre if they deliuered not the realme in peace vnto him neither did they cease to treate many things in Portugall concerning an agreement for that the King rather desired to shew his forces then to vse them to conquer by gentlenes then by rigor he offred vnto the realme many graces and priuileges deliuering him peaceable possession and the Gouernors the greatest part whereof enclined thereunto had alreadie debated with the Agents of the Catholique King what conditions the King shoulde graunt vnto the realme the which were published by the Duke of Ossuna and signed with his hand offring that the King should graunt them in giuing him the crowne and they were these That the King should take a formall oath to obserue all the customes priuileges and liberties graunted to these realmes by the Kings his predecessors That when there shall be neede to assemble the States for the affaires of Portugall it shall be done within the realme and that in no other assemblie of States whatsoeuer They shall neither propound nor resolue vpon any matter concerning these realmes That appointing a Viceroy to gouerne or any persons with what title soeuer they shall be Portugals The like is to be vnderstood in sending of a Visitor or Iudge with this condition notwithstanding for as much as concernes the authoritie of the realmes and to do them a greater fauour his maiestie and his successors may send for Viceroy or Gouernour one of the bloud royall be he sonne vncle brother cosen or nephew to the King Besides that all superior officers or inferior belonging either to iustice or to the reuenewes of the crowne shall be distributed to Portugals and not to strangers That all offices which haue beene in the times of former kings both of the court and of the realme shall be bestowed vpon the naturall borne such as shall deserue the same when as his Maiestie or his successors shall enter into the realme And the like is to be vnderstood of all other dignities of what qualitie soeuer either at sea or lande which are at this present or shall be heereafter created The garrisons which shall remaine in any forts shall be Portugals Moreouer they saide that the traffike of the Indies Ethiopia and other places appertaining to these realmes being discouered or to discouer shall not be dismembred from the same neither shall there be any other alteration made then is at this present And that the officers and their ships which shall be emploied in these traffikes shall be Portugals and shall saile in the ships of Portugall That the golde and siluer which shall be coined in these realmes and their dependancies and all that which shall come from those prouinces shall be coined with the armes of Portugall without any other addition That all Bishopricks abbeies benefices and pensions shall be giuen to Portugals And the like is to be vnderstoode of the office of Inquisitor Maior of commaunderies of the offices of militarie orders of the Priorie of Crato and finally of all other ecclesiasticall liuings as hath beene formerly spoken of the temporall He did yeelde there shoulde be no thirds exacted of ecclesiasticall goods neither subsidies nor croysades and that for any of these causes they should procure no buls That they shoulde not giue either citie towne place iurisdiction nor roiall prerogatiue to other then to Portugals And falling any vacancie of the liuings of the crowne his Maiestie nor his successors should not reteine them for themselues but giue them to the kinseman of him that did enioy him or to other Portugals that shall deserue them Prouided alwaies that the Castillians and strangers which now liue in these realmes and haue beene seruitors to the Kings deceased shall not be excluded That in militarie orders nothing shal be altered of the state it now stands in That gentlemen shall be paide their pensions amounting to twelue yeeres and that his Maiestie and his successors shall yeerely entertaine into his seruice two hundreth Portugals to whom he shal giue that paie which they call Moradia and those which haue no title of gentlemen shall serue in the warres of the realme That when his Maiestie or his successors shall come into those realmes they shall not take vp their lodgings as they vse in Castill but shall obserue the custome of Portugall Moreouer his Maiestie in what place soeuer he shall be shall carrie with him a man of the Church a Superintendent of the reuenewes of the crowne a high Chauncellor and two Disambarcadours of the court which iointly shall be called the Councell of Portugall by whose meanes all matters shall be dispatched with them shall go to clarkes of the reuenewes and two of the chamber for all occasions incident two their charge all shall bee written in the Portugall toong and all shall be Portugals And when his Maiestie or his successors shall come into Portugall he shall retaine the saide Councell and officers which shall be vnited to such as shall treate of the gouernment of the realme That all correctors and other officers of iustice with all other inferior offices shall in the Kings absence be disposed of in the realme as they be at this present the like shall be vnderstood of the officers of purueyors auditors of the reckonings and others of the like qualitie concerning the reuenewes of the crowne He declared likewise that all causes and charges appertaining to iustice of what qualitie or summe soeuer should be definitiuely ended and executed in these realmes as they be at this present That his Maiestie and his successors shall entertaine a chappell in manner and forme as the kings of these realmes haue formerly done the which shall be resident at Lisbone that the diuine seruice may be continually celebrated with the accustomed ceremonies except the Kings person or in his absence the Viceroy or gouernour shall make his residence in some other part of the realme and woulde haue there the saide chappell remaine
lodging seeing himselfe at one instant so much endomaged with the artillerie the bridge to be forced which he held for very strong his men to flie and their horsemen to make way to cut off all way of retreat he grewe amazed Notwithstanding being accompanied with Counte Emanuel of Portugall with Diego Boteglio the elder Edward de Castro he fledde likewise towards the citie without order or without any resistance amidst the prease of his people where at the entrie of the suburbes he was hurt in the head by a soldier on horsebacke and if he had staied but a little longer or the horsemen made more haste hee had beene taken prisoner by some Italian aduenturers who were aduaunced verie farre In this haste hee passed with the rest of his broken armie through the citie whereof a part yet the least following him entred by one gate and went foorth by an other and the other parte which was the greater hauing cast away their armes hid themselues in their houses where they had their wiues and children and such as were come from other parts of the realme assembled themselues in churches with great feare In passing he commaunded the prisons to be opened so as with a great number of offenders that were deliuered there came foorth such as were committed as affected vnto Philip. The Dukes men hauing slaine many of these miserable wretches with their shot and launces who fledde by fower and sixe togither making but a weake and vnprofitable resistance came to the citie Ferrant de Toledo as chiefe marching before the rest vnder whose authoritie the whole armie was gouerned seeing the battaile woone fearing the soldiers furie should do more hurt then he wished did expresly keepe them backe causing them to stay supposing there might remaine yet some men to conquer and being come to the gates of the citie hee staied to parley with the Magistrate of the chamber from the wals who was come thither to that effect But their treaties were shorte and little disagreeing for the Portugals seeing themselues before the Castillians soldiers their miserable king hurt and fled and their army in route they seemed to be now reduced to their last exigent And Ferrant although a conquerour yet desirous according to the kings meaning to saue the citie from spoile they soone agreed Ferrant demaunded the citie the Portugals desired to know in what sort and although some answered at discretion yet the Magistrate offring to yeeld as other cities had done it was graunted they shoulde haue their liues and goods saued least by longer stay the soldiers should haue occasion to cōmit some disorder Notwithstanding some of the Magistrates being let downe from the wals were carried behinde some Castillian Caualiers to the Duke who granted them their demaunds with better acception and more freely Then began the soldiers against the Dukes will to disband and spoile that part of the citie which is without the wals the which is greater nobler and fairer then that within and is so spatious as many great cities are not comparable vnto it So as although this body in the midst of Lisbone was not spoiled yet the suburbes were and all places thereabouts and likewise some houses within the which vnder colour to appertaine to rebels were giuen in pray to the soldiers whom they coulde no otherwise withstand seeing they had sufficiently obeied in preseruing the citie from spoile three daies Many innocent citizens lost their most precious mooueables the which by reason of the plague which then raigned greatly in the citie they had transported to their farmes and other possessions neere thereabouts where they were spoiled The extortions the soldiers committed were not great but the riches that fell into their hands were infinite The galleies did great harme for besides the spoiling of the bankes of Tagus and the ransacking of all the ships within the Porte where they founde infinite store of merchandise they serued like wise vnto the soldiers that were on lande as a meanes to hide and carrie away all things were they neuer so great not being forced to discharge themselues of their baggage to sell them at lowe prices vpon the place as it often hapneth The custome houses that is to say the generall and that of merchandise of the Indies alwaies full of pretious wares although they were without the citie gates yetwere they not spoiled For by reason of their great riches Alonso de Leua Generall of the galleies of Sicily sent a guard of priuate soldiers to haue care and defend them The religious women whose monasteries were all without the wals were preserued and withall much wealth that was kept there yet much of that which was left in the houses of religious men was stolen away but most of all in that of Saint Rocke whereas the Iesuits remaine for certaine Italian soldiers being first entred were expelled by the Spaniards who being sent thither by their commaunders vnder colour to preserue them being friends they committed greater excesse then the other being enimies would haue done for the Italians being departed the Spaniards hauing searched out the most secret things and finding them they carried them by night into the galleies and into their houses The diuersitie of nations which were at the spoile caused more respect to the women and holy things then had beene otherwise for the Spaniards most insolent in other countries were here against their nature very continent least by their example the Italians and Germaines in Spaine shoulde grow woorse The bootie of mooueables and other precious things which this citie in so many yeeres peace and by the traffique of the Indies had gathered togither was infinite The number of such as were slaine in the battaile was small in regard of the little defence they made notwithstanding there died not aboue a thousand of the Portugals and not aboue a hundreth of the Dukes armie of so small force were the peoples armes rusted with ease The Duke when the citie was yeelded came himselfe in person for the defence thereof where hauing made some stay in one of the houses neere the suburbes hee returned to lodge from whence the Portugals were departed Anthony hauing dressed his wounde at Sacabem sixe miles from Lisbone marched easily toward Saint Arem The Duke standing doubtfull whether he remained still within the citie or were fled for that the Portugals for his better safetie gaue out false rumours This victorie was of great importance and had beene greater if the Prior had beene taken prisoner for in his safetie the realme which shoulde haue beene in quiet remained in suspence all men supposing that he should repaire his forces and trie his fortune a newe The Duke was blamed of many for not vsing of greater diligence saying it was a great errour in all other things to haue set so good an order and to haue omitted it in this of such importance some did attribute it vnto negligence others vnto malice especially for
ignorant captaine woulde haue considered but that hee willingly suffered him to flie that by meanes of Anthonies libertie the warre shoulde not seeme to be ended a thing which captaines doe commonly wish preferring their owne authoritie and their priuate respect before the publike good Others did adde that if hee would haue taken him after his flight and the battaile woon hee might well haue done it for making no haste to flie he might so speedily haue followed him with his horse as the importance of his person did require Amongst so many accusations fewe durst speake for the Duke yet some of his friendes laboured to iustifie him saying that time place and desire to assure the victorie doth often hinder the execution of those things which the captaine wisheth That it was not then conuenient to follow the Prior For considering the ineuitable disorders of the soldiers in sending many hee had contrarie to the kings pleasure wasted the countrey and if hee had sent fewe they had not beene safe and therefore he desired to temper this heate of victorie in the soldiers mindes meaning after to sende a part of the armie in good order but when as hee ment to effect it the Kings sicknes hapned whereof he desired first to see the issue before he woulde bee vnfurnished of his forces That touching the inuironing of the enimies campe with his horse besides that they had no sufficient number to do it it had not beene the resolution of a wise captaine to make a fearefull enimie desperate and to force him either to fight or become a prisoner Touching the sacking of the suburbes they saide it was no small good happe to haue so many houses without the wals of the citie for otherwise they should hardly haue kept the soldiers from spoiling it and that it was in a manner necessarie for the sauing of the citie to haue something â—o quench this desire which they had brought with them And as there was some difficultie to saue the citie from the sacke so was it impossible to keepe the suburbes from spoile seeing the battaile was giuen within the limits thereof They laughed at such as saide the Duke was partaker of the spoile seeming vnto them a matter farre from his qualitie They shewed that although they woulde not haue it saide that the battaile were glorious but vnwoorthie against a small number of seditious monkes apostates and fugitiue slaues yet coulde it hardly be concealed for it coulde not be denied but that Anthony had a great number of men in a strong lodging amongst the which were many of the Nobility and that which most supplied their want of experience passionate against the Catholique king and most affectionate to the Prior that in armies where such things happen it is not credible they so easily yeeld or flie of themselues if they be not encountred with a captaine that is both valiant of iudgement who by force or cunning doth breake them put them to flight They did prooue by liuely reasons that it was not credible that the Duke with a resolution so hurtfull to his king should prolong the enterprise seeke to continue his commaund by meanes of the warre saying that although in auncient common wealthes noble citizens were desirous to be imploied in expeditions and gouernments of armies to free themselues from the subiection of the Senate yet was it not so in the gouernment of later princes whereas such as be neere the king haue more authoritie then such as bee retired They added vnto these reasons the consideration of the Dukes age fidelitie and experience with auncient and newe examples concluding it was likely that without any priuate subiect hee had laboured with his best endeuour wholie to serue the king But although he were vehemently defended yet could they not wholy roote it out of the mindes of men so is the chance of this worldly Tragedie tossed vpside downe that the captaine which the weeke before had beene triumphant and glorious lay now in his bed sicke with sorrow slaundered with his Prince and his armie halfe defeated languishing with hunger and want infected with the plague infamous for excesse and violence some part whereof was true and some false so as the soldiers were troubled melancholy and angry and although with the insolencie of conquerors yet seemed they like men vanquished They commaunders of the armie were likewise in dispaire to reape any recompeÌ„ce of their seruice so as the captaines which resolued to plant them selues in Portugall and receiue great recompence by confiscations were deceiued of their hopes For the King who had an other meaning resolued to forget all the wrongs the Portugals had done him and not onely to pardon their disobedience but also reward and cherish them as his children It was generally spoken that vpon the Priors defeate and yeelding of the citie of Lisbone the King shoulde presently go thither in person and by graunting rewardes and pardons labour to winne the Portugals loues and to qualifie that bitternes which the spoile and insolencie of the soldiers had bredde But although there had beene already speech of his going to Eluas and that he desired to make his entrie as king of Portugall yet did he not effect it for that as it is saide before the plague was dispersed into many parts of the realme He laboured to become master not onely of all places within the realme but also of all others that depended thereof when as the armie began first to enter the realme he had sent into Affrick to demaund obedience of those places but for as much as Anthony had preuented him by former letters vnto the captaines his busines being in better estate then they prooued afterwardes the inhabitants woulde not agree to acknowledge Philip by reason whereof the battaile being woone he sent againe vnto them for being of great importance for Spaine he feared that remaining vnder the Priors commaund he shoulde rashly dispose of them so as promising recompence to the captaines they did acknowledge him for their Lord but with greater facilitie in one place then in an other so as without any innouation hee confirmed the same captaines and the same garrisons The Ilands of Terceraes were not neglected by the Duke the assurance whereof seemed greatly to import and therefore vpon the brute of the victorie hee sent a messenger thither with letters from the king and the citie of Lisbone but the matter being first well debated at Badagios it was supposed by the Councell the Portugals alone to be more fitte to mannage that busines then if the Castillians shoulde entermeddle and therefore the King did write vnto Lisbone to Edward de Castelbianco that conferring with the Duke as a Portugall he should go thither But he resolued not for being newly created officer of the chamber he founde that Edward Borges whom the Duke had appointed to sende remained accountable to the crowne for certaine money so as hee thought not good to
set a tax of 80000. duckats vpon the Priors person as a rebell and disturber of the quiet of the realme He proclaimed a parliament at Tomar the fifteenth day of Aprill where he would assist in person with the generall opinion and great hope of all men that all Portugals that had offended should there receiue their pardon and the obedient haue reward and that to all in generall he would giue great recompences graunting to the cities of the realme whatsoeuer they demaunded There remained neither citie nor place within the maine land of Portugall that had not yeelded their obedience to the king of Spaine For after the Priors flight from Viana all was in the Castillians power the places of Affricke were obedient and so was the Iland of Madera as for the places further off time would not yet suffer them to haue any certaine newes There remained the seuen Ilands of Terceres which had not yet made their submission hauing aduertisement that only S. Michaels excepted all the rest refused to obey and for as much as they were of no account this disobedience made them famous Although they be seuen in number yet are they for the most part small and ill peopled That of Saint Michael a hundreth miles neerer Spaine then the rest is the best There the Bishop of all these Ilands hath his residence They call their principall towne Punta Delgada the next vnto it is called Tercere whereof all the rest take their name This is fertill and by nature more strong then the rest Angra is their greatest dwelling whereof the saide Bishop taketh his name The rest as Saint Marie Fayale Pico Coruo and Flowers be lesser and some of them wholy vnpeopled The inhabitants of all in generall be superstitious and vaine grounding their discourses vpon fancie for since the battaile of Affricke they would neuer beleeue that king Sebastian was dead And although this opinion was helde long through out the Realme yet hath it beene more confidently beleeued there then in any other places for notwithstanding they had seene the innouations which happened in the time of King Henrie and of the Gouernours yet did they still hope he should appeare But when the Prior was proclaymed King it seemed they were somewhat satisfied for hauing presently sent vnto these Ilands to take possession with letters vnto all the Magistrates hee was there sworne and willingly obeyed and to performe this Acte of obedience they sent as Ambassadors vnto him Stephen Siluera and Fryer Melchior of the order of Saint Frauncis who arriuing at Lisbone could not execute their charge for being defeated at Alcantara hee was fled towards Porto yet making no account of the enimies victorie they followed the Prior there in the name of all the inhabitants of these Ilands yeelded him obedience After in the month of Nouember in the yeare 1580. they returned to Tercomes giuing an account of their charge adding that notwithstanding Anthonie had beene broken at Alcantara yet he began in the Prouince betwixt Doro and Mynio with 30000. men to be reuenged vpon the Castillians And although they had after intelligence of Philips absolute victorie and of the flight of Anthonie yet they continued firme in their opinions wherein they were daily confirmed for that as it is said before the Kings ministers had neglected to send vnto them whereas contrariwise Anthonie and the Earle of Vimiosa did still solicite them by curriers and letters to continue firme the said Earle hauing sent Anthonie Scalyn a Frenchman vnto them with letters whereby in the Priors name hee did commende their good affection they so far passed the bounds of ioy as they receiued him into Angra in procession and vnder a cannapie conducting him to the Church of pitie where the saide Fryer Melchior preached applying their intentions to the will of God and Fryer Blaise Camello did sing Masse who in his prayer with a lould voice praied for two Kings that is Sebastian and Anthonie saying vnto the people which demaunded newes of Sebastian that the fourth of August he would satisfie them The inhabitants of the Iland of Saint Michaell which had no such seditious firebrands as that of Tercera beeing by nature more peaceable furthered by the Bishop who followed the Kings party did not runne into so great disorders but shewed themselues daily more obedient vnto Philip who hauing intelligence of all these things desired to trie if hee could by gentle meanes draw this rebellious nation to his obedience and at the last remedie the error of his ministers for to conquer them by force was supposed difficult the Terceraes being naturally strong and inuironed with high rockes besides the sea going so high in those parts as no ships can liue aboue three or fower moneths in the yeare This enterprise was then supposed to be of more importance then it had beene not so much for the qualitie of the place as for the situation beeing an vnauoydable passage for the ships that come from the Indies and the new found lands as well from the East as from the West where the Frenchmen harbouring they might greatly endomage Spaine for this consideration the King sent Ambrose d' Aguiar with a letter and ample pardon in a manner to all offendors if leauing the part of Anthonie they would follow his But arriuing neere vnto Angra and sending his letters to land the Islanders tooke counsell what to doe but the people being then mad and without gouernment did not approoue the opinion of this counsell The richer sort regarding their priuat profit would obey for hauing all their rents in corne the which they commonly send vnto the realme they could not make sale in any other place but being few and not daring to speake their mindes they deliuered it doubtfully The poore who finding the lesse corne were transported from the Ilands the better cheape they shoulde buie it not caring to haue any trafficke with Portugall would by any meanes follow the voice of Anthonie Many kindled with rage aduised they shoulde suffer Ambrose d' Aguiar to enter the citie and after cast him in prison and punish him as Ambassador to a Tyrant Some held they should send him away without answere Some of the chiefe who feared they were not comprehended within the pardon did what they could to preiudice the Kings part for dispairing to obtaine it they laboured that no man should follow his voice but so to wrong Philip as they should lose all hope euer to bee reconciled wherein they preuailed so much as that Ambrose d' Aguiar who was appointed to be Gouernor of the Iland of Saint Michaell was sent backe They caused a Masse to be saide where all the people did sweare to die for Anthonie In which humor they were still confirmed by false reports that were blowen abroad For although the Prior were yet hidden in Portugall yet the shippes which came from Fraunce and England to trafficke at the Ilands to the end they might be the
coulde drawe nothing from them but was confused For one saide that the Catholique king was master of the realme an other but onely of a great parte of it and that Anthony with a great armie made warre to expel him whereby there grew some controuersie in the fleete For some especially such as had little to loose woulde lande in the Iland others woulde haue them hold togither vntill they had certaine intelligence of the state of the realme others without expecting any further information woulde haue them go to Lisbone and yeeld themselues to him that were king The Captaine generall being retired into his chamber to parley with certaine Portugals and French men entertained them with these practizes but the marriners doubtful of some euill the rumor being appeased directed their course towards Lisbone where remained their wiues and children although some opposed themselues It seemed that these ships being of such importance to the Prior and his disseines he should haue vsed more care to intercept them then it seemed hee did but in truth he omitted no diligence for he wrote vnto the Captaine generall of the armie that at his arriuall at the Ilands they should be deliuered vnto him whereby he entreated him with large promises to remaine there and to consigne him his armie and not to the Catholique King But the too great diligence of the Gouernour as it often hapneth did him harme for hauing sent foorth a Barke with these letters to attende the ships they did not encounter them so as sayling towards Portugall vpon the mid way they met with the armie of Lopo de Figueroa who woondring at the negligence of Baldes whom they denied to haue seene he furnished them with water and other refreshings They arriued after at Lisbone to the great contentment of the king and yet they staied so long vpon the way that it was constantly beleeued they were gone into England and nowe the merchants began to assure their goods with the losse of the fifth and the Captaine was extraordinarilie fauoured by the King In this while Lopo de Figueroa arriued at the Terceres where he vnderstands of Baldes his misfortune hauing viewed the Iland fortified on all parts where he might descend and by nature vnaccessible finding himselfe to haue fewe men the enimie victorious and the season of the yeere farre aduanced the seas swelling betimes in those parts he resolued and with iudgement to returne to Portugall without attempting any thing by force Hee first sent one to aduise the citie of Angra to yeelde obedience vnto his Maiestie promising them pardons recompences and many fauours but they measuring the assurance of his promises not by the Kings clemencie but by their owne merits arrogantly made him answere that he should say in what part hee woulde descend and they would open him the passage by reason whereof Figueroa returned into Portugall with Baldes whom the King presently committed to prison yet he was after deliuered shewing the instructions that had beene giuen him to be doubtfull and not to prohibite him to fight This returne of the armie encouraged the Ilanders perswading themselues that Figueroa had greater forces then indeed hee had and seeing him fearefull to descend they supposed he made great reckoning of theirs They wrote the newes of all these things vnto the Prior being in Fraunce who thanked them with curteous letters and sent them artillerie harquebusies powder and other munition promising to furnish them with men Hee commaunded them to seaze vpon the goods of all such as arriued there being subiect to the Catholique king and send them into Fraunce so as they sent him all the merchandise which they had taken in fower or fiue ships come from the west Indies And for as much as it seemed to many that this could not continue that the King should send from Portugall a great armie against them so as they shoulde not bee able to make resistance they dispatched into Fraunce one Anthony Aluarez and an other base officer to vnderstande what the Prior did what forces he had and what they might expect from thence who being returned with the orders the one of Saint Iaques the other of d'Auis which the Prior had giuen them they reported at his entreatie that he had a great armie readie to descend into Portugall the which in truth was not so bringing letters to the Gouernor whereby the Prior gaue vnto them likewise a coller of the order with a thousand duckats of reuenew the which mooued some others to go into Fraunce from whence as also from England there came some fewe soldiers to the Iland in ships which sailed into those parts yet they were neuer three hundreth in number being often of opinion to sende them backe for that the winter was at hand and to cal them backe in sommer the which the people would not yeeld vnto saying that since the King had sent them they woulde entertaine them The Iesuits being walled vp within their monasterie to whom they gaue meate but twise a weeke greeuing to be thus wrongully imprisoned vpon a certaine day they opened the doores of the Church and hauing placed the sacrament in the midst they would trie by this meanes if they might remaine free The ministers of iustice went vnto the couent to demaund the reason of this innouation to whom it was propounded by the fathers that if their offences so required they should punish them but holding them as suspect they shoulde suffer them to depart into Portugall The resolution was after some speeches vsed beyond the termes of modesty that the fathers shoulde be walled vp againe and a certaine person who said that in iustice they should burne these priests with their monasterie the which they had deserued for the affection they bare vnto the Castillians he staied not long to acknowledge his error for departing from thence he fell sicke vnto the death and God woulde haue him confesse as he saide that this griefe hapned vnto him for that occasion All the other religious men did what they coulde to wrong these fathers who being of a contrarie opinion and practising profession of war could not endure that these should be Castillians in their harts refusing to enioy that libertie They imprisoned the Vicar who gouerneth the spiritualtie in the Bishops name which remaineth in the Iland of Saint Michael and chose an other after their owne humour These things did much displease the Catholique king whereupon he resolued to vndertake this enterprise the sommer following although hee doubted it for many causes which behooued him to prouide for togither with the new iealousies which grew hauing intelligence that the Turke prepared an armie at sea to send to endomage Christendome That Lucciali a famous pirat and Captaine generall of the Turkes armie was come from Constantinople to Alger with threescore and tenne galleies and although it were to no other end then to visite the state of Affricke and to prouide for
vneasie landing beeing of all parts rough and inaccessible but in some fewe places which it was likely they woulde fortifie and guard They saide that the garrisons of strangers which they vnderstoode were there were they neuer so fewe with the inhabitants of the Iland were sufficient to hinder their landing They made great reckoning of the roughnes of the sea the which commonly suffreth not any ships to ride there aboue two moneths in the yeere concluding it was better deferre it then attempt it in vaine as they had twise done with small honor They said that the assurance of the enterprise consisted in delay for that the Iland shoulde bee neither stronger nor better furnished then it was at that instant seeing their strength is by nature that a great garrison cannot long liue there that by delaying the inhabitants themselues will be aduised for besides the insolencie of the French wanting their traffique with Spaine they shoulde growe so poore as they will soone acknowledge their errours That the ships from the Indies made so small stay at the Ilands as they had no neede of them but onely to take in fresh water wherewith they may furnish themselues at Saint Michaels These reasons helde the Catholique king in suspence and for that he was a friend to peace he enclined to delay but as the newes from Fraunce Flaunders and England did varie so did they hasten or slacke the preparation for the enterprise In this sorte and with no small trouble of minde the three first moneths in the yeere 1582. passed away but hauing intelligence at the spring that they did arme many ships both in Fraunce Flaunders and England and that they were meant for Portugall that the Turke notwithstanding his warre against the Sophy threatned to send forth his galleies that certaine troupes of foote were come out of Fraunce vnto the Marquisat of Salusses the King thought it expedient to arme both to performe this enterprise of the Ilands as for the guarde of many places where he might be endomaged He thought it a hard thing and vnwoorthie to suffer the states of the Low-Countries to be wrested from him by the Duke of Alançon without reuenge He did foresee that the charge would bee verie great and that he was furnished with little money and lesse credite for by meanes of the decree he had made against the merchants he was cause of more hurt to himselfe then to his creditors The prouisions it behooued him to make were all forced for hee could not doe lesse then prouide for Italy as well in regarde of the French as of the Turke Hee must of force entertaine an armie in Portugall for although the Realme were in shew quiet yet the Portugals being of a stirring humor he could not auoide to arme a nauie sufficient to encounter the Fleete He thought it necessarie to prouide for Flanders if not wholy to recouer those estates yet for feare he should loose more But that which troubled the King more then all the rest was the shippes which hee expected this yeere from the Indies and New-found lands fearing that the French hauing the aduantage of the Ilands might spoile them finding that some Pirat had not onely passed into that sea but also threatned to assaile the Iland of Saint Michael and that of the Maderes And therefore the King began to preuent all these dangers in this manner He mustred all the foote he could in Spaine and caused them to march towardes Portugall especially to the Prouince betwixt Doro and Minio to the gouernment whereof he sent Ferrant de Toledo Prior of Saint Iean He sent the Marquesse of Saint Croixe to Seuille to arme all the great ships hee could and to prepare some galleies In Biscay he commaunded eighteene Biscaine ships to be furnished to make their randeuous in Andelouzie where they prepared their galleies and built a good number of great boats to land their souldiers He wrote into Italy to the Viceroy of Naples and to the Gouernor of Millaine that either of them should leuie 6000. Italian foote He gaue order in Germany to bring downe 10000. Germanes vnder colour to sende these two nations into Flaunders And for to be assured of the Iland of Saint Michael although that Ambrose d'Aguiar were there with one Galeon hee sent thither Peter Peixotto with fiue other shippes who arriued there in good time for certaine French Pirats were assembled to assaile it the which they did not forbeare to attempt for Peixotto with his ships lying at anchor before the city of punta Delgada three French ships leauing other sixe behinde shewed themselues supposing that with his fiue ships he would not faile to fight with them three and as hee should retire the other sixe comming to succour them they might conquer them and after this victorie assaile the Iland being weake and vnarmed But this deuise succeeded not for Peixotto who desired not to fight but to preserue the Ilande all hee could would not come foorth against those three French ships the which hee forbare the rather for that the other sixe shippes which remained behinde discouered themselues so as the Frenchmen finding they coulde not deceiue the Portugals and their ambush as one may say being discouered being loath to retire without some booty they resolued to charge Peixotto as he laie at anchor But the winde grew scant to approch to land and the artillerie from a certaine weake forte would not suffer them to ioine But the Captaines shippe being of better saile then the rest drewe so neere that hee grappled with a Portugall where they fought aboue three howers with great slaughter on both sides but the French had beene victors if Ambrose d'Aguiar who was at lande foreseeing that the losse of the ships woulde be the ouerthrowe of the Iland had not succoured Peixotto by boats sending him aboue an hundred fiftie men with the which he defended himselfe and the French shippe vnloosing itselfe retired to the rest woorse handeled then the Portugall but it was supposed that if the winde had beene any thing stronger so as the other French ships mought haue come vp to the Portugals they had beene taken in the viewe of all the Iland And for that soone after there arriued eighteene Biscaine ships at Lisbone which the king had commaunded should be armed in that Prouince he sent fower of them with sixe hundreth men for the assurance of that Iland the which arriued soone after the departure of the French Sommer was nowe come and there was still newes from Fraunce that they made greater preparation for war arming many ships in all their ports at the instance of Anthony The Catholique kings affaires went slowlier forwardes then the importance of the cause required for that it seemed the Spaniards were not yet well assured whether the French woulde turne against Portugall and not goe to the Ilands yea some beleeued that making shew to do so they woulde take their course for
not allowe of this stratageme holding it for a refreshing to the enimie without any profite for it was not likely that that which had casually chaunced against sixe hundreth men woulde succeed in the like sort against twelue thousand whereupon they sent them backe As the Marques had viewed this troupe of beasts hauing reinforced the point of his armie with Germaine pikes commaunding them that if they came they shoulde quietly suffer them to come on so passed this day the French not ceasing to disquiet the enimie with certaine peeces of artillerie they had planted vpon those hils Then did Emanuel de Silua resolue to flie the which hee coulde not easily effect for that euerie man kept a watch ouer him and therefore hee caused a false brute to be spredde abroad that he had threescore saile of French ships at sea which came to their succour and seeming that he would sende to meete with them he caused the prepared barke to goe out of the port that it might attend him at Altary but when they came at the mouth the artillerie from the fortes woulde not suffer them to passe either ignorant of their intention or for that the authoritie of Silua began now to decline so as returning backe the flight of Emanuel was preuented During this time the Spaniards were distressed for water beeing forced vntill then to furnish themselues from their armie whereof the French had great store and therefore the Marques consulted that night to amend if it were possible the next morning the seate of their lodging the which was helde somewhat difficult but for as much as both good fortune and badde hath no limits he found lesse difficultie then he expected for the same night the greatest part of the Portugals vnder Emanuel de Silua terrified with the skirmi sh of the day the number of the enimies seeming too great hauing abandoned the French retired themselues confusedly to the mountaine although woorthie of admiration for being the very same obstinate rebels which esteemed themselues so great warriors as they would neuer heare motion of accord peace nor pardon it seemed strange that now when as laying a side words they needed effects they departed so shamefully and changed their mindes so sodainely for in their flight they saide that this Ilande appertained to the Catholique king and that it was reason to yeeld it vnto him But wee ought not to value the constancie of the peoples harts nor their valour The Generall of the French seeing the Portugals departure and that Emanuel de Silua who had so highly commended their valour stoode in a traunce he resolued to saue himselfe with his men the day drawing neere he beganne likewise to retire to the mountaine of our Lady of Guadalupa with hope that Silua had giuen him that there in a certaine place of strength he should be able so long to defend himselfe that the kings armie winter drawing on shoulde be forced to retire and that afterwards if they coulde not recouer what they had lost they shoulde haue an easie meanes to returne into Fraunce but for that the quitting of their lodging was not verie safe fearing least the Marques standing vpon his guarde shoulde charge them he caused as many of his soldiers as he could spare to march before leauing some behinde to maintaine skirmish with the Spaniards and to entertaine them a little if they approched But the Marques hauing soone discouered the enimies departure aduanced with his whole armie putting those few that remained to flight he recouered the water and Saint Sebastian with some peeces of artillery where the soldiers hauing refreshed themselues and all the French departed he tooke his way towards the citie of Angra distant about tenne miles finding no let in his march for that the enimie fearefully had taken a contrarie course This citie being nothing fortified to the lande lay open and therefore was abandoned not onely of the soldiers but also of the inhabitants themselues who fledde as well out of the castell as the towne The armie arriued there after great labour for the season being verie hot the countrie drie not finding vpon their march one droppe of water the soldiers endured much and some of them especially of the Germaines died for thirst Being arriued the spoile of the citie continued three daies although the houses were for the most part emptie so as the greatest number of men that were founde there were prisoners whom they set at libertie By meanes of their entrie into the citie all the other fortes were taken for being onely made against the landing they were towards the lande open and indefensible As the armie marched against the towne so did the galleies in like sort against those ships that lay in the harbour drawing neere vnto them they woulde haue forced them to obey with their artillerie but they shot in vaine for being abandoned by such as were left in them there was not any man left to make answere which the galleies discouering they boorded and spoiled them The bootie both at land and sea was not verie great for besides the artillerie they found not any thing of great importance The slaues which were in number aboue fifteene hundred was the greatest recompence they got The citie being spoiled and other places thereabouts the Marques desired that the inhabitants should returne to their houses for although the souldiers which were retired into some place of the mountaines had carried with them some prisoners both men and women the which after they deliuered freely yet the greatest part returned not and therefore he caused a generall proclamation to bee made that euerie man some excepted should freely returne vnto his house but the Portugals beeing distrustfull they were few that came at that time although after by little and little they grew more confident Things being reduced into this estate although the French remained still in the mountaine the Marques thought it fit to send vnto other Ilands to force them to obedience especially to Fayale where there remained a garrison For this consideration hauing imbarqued in his galleies and some other small vessels 2500. foote drawen out of all nations hee sent them to the said Iland vnder the conduct of Peter de Toledo Whilest these went vnto that other enterprise the French remaining in the Iland of Tercerae although they had somewhat fortified themselues in the mountaine being ill prouided of victuals and munition woorse succoured by the Portugals resolued with the most honourable conditions they could to make their composition with the Marques Mounsieuer de Chattes remembred that he had knowen beeing in Malta Peter de Padiglia a gentleman that came with the Marques an expert Marshall of the Spanish campe to whom remembring their familiaritie he did write his minde demanding free passage not only for himselfe and his troupes baggage Armes artillerie and ensignes but also would haue passage graunted for all Portugals that would imbarke
crowned King not knowing in the morning what the euening brings But it seemed to him that fortune began now to smile for that Albacarin the Moore who commanded for Mulei Moluc in Arzilla a towne vpon the borders of the sea sometimes belonging to the Portugals voluntarily abandoned to the Moores by the intercession of the Cheriffe Mahamet had deliuered it to the gouernour of Tanger whereof the King receiued great contentment and beleeued now the Moore had such as he saide affectionate to his partie At this time the Irishmen rebelled in diuers parts of that kingdome pretending the libertie of Religion and complained to Pope Gregory the 13. taking for their leader the Earle of Desmond and others as Oneale and some other of the sauage Irish affirming that if they were aided they could easily drawe the whole Island from the Queenes obedience The Pope did communicate this with the Catholique King exhorting him to vndertake this action as most godly to succour this people the which they resolued to do But forasmuch as the Queene of England did seeme in words friend vnto the king did as the Spaniards supposed couertly vnderhand assist the Prince of Orange in Flaunders against him the King woulde likewise march in the same path and make a couert warre against her they concluded to assist this people in the Popes name but secretly at the kings charge To this effect they leuied certaine footemen in the territories of the Church whereof sixe hundreth vnder the conduct of Thomas Stukeley an Englishman fled out of England for treason who a little before had obtained the title of a Marques from the Pope were embarked at Ciuitauechia in a ship of Genua to be transported into Ireland the which arriued at Lisbone in the time they made preparation in Portugall for the warre of Affrick the king hearing of their arriuall and that for want of money he could haue no Italians out of Tuscane desired to see them with an intent to retaine them vse them in the war of Affricke hauing caused them to disimbarke and to lodge at Oeiras neere to the mouth of Tagus he went one day to view them and although they were no chiefe men yet did he admire their order their speedie discharging of their Harquebuzes their disposition to handle the pike and their strict obedience and hauing had some conference with the saide Stukeley they perswaded him to promise to goe with him into Affrick The Catholique King for that he woulde not shew himselfe a partie woulde not contradict it The Pope was so farre off that before the newes coulde come vnto him he gaue them impresse and they remained for his seruice In this time the foote which were leuied by three Coronels approched to Lisbone the fourth which was Frauncis de Tauora shoulde imbarke in Algarues The three thousand Germaines which the Prince of Orange had granted were vnder the conduct of Martin of Burgundie Lord of Tamberg arriued within the mouth of Tagus in Flemmish ships and were lodged at Cascaies and thereabouts to the great amasement of the peasants not accustomed to the charges of warre King Sebastian before his departure desired to see the Duke of Alua whom he sent vnto but he excused himselfe vpon the King and the King at the entreatie of the Duke vpon the infirmitie of the old man so as his desire tooke no effect The Dukes friends tolde him he should haue accepted this fauour whereunto he answered that hauing knowne by the practises and discourses of Guadaluppa and by the Kings letters his resolution to passe into Affrick he thought it impossible to diuert him from that opinion that hauing beene discreet in his youth he woulde not in his declining age make himselfe author of the ruine which he did foresee of a King and kingdome Sebastian without any graue Counsellors hastened his departure impatient of the least delaies his forces being all assembled with the ships at Lisbone the souldiors which were scarce nine thousand were imbarked against their will The Noblemen and Gentlemen likewise had euery one a shippe armed wherein he should imbarque with those vnder his commaund but hardly were they drawne from their deere houses And although there were a certaine day for their departure appointed yet was it not obserued So as the King going one morning in great troupe to the cathedrall church with the Standard he ment to carrie into Affrick he caused it to be hallowed with great pompe and deliuered it to the master of his horse and so returning many beleeuing he would haue returned to the pallace he went directly to the galley wherein he woulde passe to hasten the rest saying that he woulde presently depart And although this were the xvij day of Iune in the yeere 1578. yet did he stay eight daies in the Port and neuer disimbarked preparing the rest of the soldiours who were no sooner readie then the day after Midsommer at what time hauing a prosperous winde the whole armie set saile to the great pleasure and contentment of the King who yoong and vnskilfull guided by some sinister starre or by that diuine permission which woulde punish this people went into Affrick to a dangerous although a glorious enterprise leauing the Realme emptied of money naked of Nobilitie without heires and in the hands of ill affected gouernours THE SECOND BOOKE The Contents of the second Booke The King of Portugals passage into Affricke his counsell and resolution to enter into the maine land the way his armie tooke the preparatiues for the warre of Mulei Moluc the qualitie and disposition of his campe the battaile of Alcazar the ouerthrowe of the Portugals the death of King Sebastian and of Moluc and the creation of King Henry THe King of Portugals departure from Lisbone was so mournefull that it gaue apparant signes of euill successe for in so great a number of men and of so diuers qualities there was not any one with a cheerefull countenance or that did willingly imbarke against the common custome in the beginnings of warre but all as it were presaging of ill euents complained they were forceablie drawne vnto it There was such a deadlie silence in the porte that during all the time of their abode in so great a number of shippes there was neither flute nor trumpet heard The Kings galley issuing foorth was carried downe with the currant and brake her rudder against a Flemmish ship a cannon shot from the towne slew one of his marriners in the boate so as if we shall giue credite to signes as the auncients did these seemed very ominous The first towne they touched vpon the maine lande was Lagos in Algarues where did imbarke the regiment which Frauncis de Tauora had leuied in those parts and certaine other vessels ioined to the armie so as in all one and other they made neere one thousand saile but except fiue galleis and fiftie other ships all the rest were vnarmed and the most of them were barkes
to passe horse and munition They arriued soone at Cadiz whereas the Duke of Medina Sidonia feasted the King with chasing of buls Iocodecanna and all other delights that poore Iland coulde yeelde The Duke laboured to perswade him not to goe personally into Barberie but he preuailed not hauing soiourned there eight daies like a fleete of merchants without guard or Centinell directing their prowesse towards Affrick in fewe daies they arriued at Almadraues betwixt Tanger and Arzilla where hauing cast anchors they staied some space The King hauing then an intention to disimbarke at Alarache a small towne of the Moores lying fifteene miles towards the south a little before the armie approched the land being fully resolued to depart the King with his fiue galleis and fower gallions leauing the rest of the ships went to Tanger where he made a short abode for hauing sent Mulei Cheque son to the Cheriffe of the age of twelue yeeres by land with Martin Correa de Sylua and certaine horsemen Moores and Portugals to the ende they should draw towards Mazagon and backe the people thereabouts that should reuolt against Moluc he returned to his armie hauing supplied the fortresses with fresh souldiors and taking into his ships the Cheriffe and eight hundreth Harquebuzers that were at the guard thereof From the Almadraues he went to Arzilla with all his fleete where seeing his souldiors distressed for water he commanded them to lande and refresh themselues meaning to imbarke them againe or to transport them in barkes to Alarache But wauering in his thoughts nothing was constant for the souldiors being landed with no small confusion it was hard to force them to returne for the small obedience they were in and for the necessitie of water whereof they must make prouision so as he continued long irresolute The armie was lodged vpon the sea shore hauing on the one side fortified their lodging with rampiers of earth and waggons on the two other sides the sea and the towne serued them for trenches It remained in this estate fifteene daies during which the Portugals landing with their King had so troubled all the prouince that the Moores that are neighbours to the sea townes as Alarache Tituan and others were resolued not to make any resistance but to abandon their townes and had alreadie transported their poore wealth with their wiues to the mountaines But Mulei Moluc being at Marrock had before both from Portugall Cadiz and Arzilla very particular aduertisement of the King of Portugals preparation and of the quantitie and qualitie of his men wherewith he was greatly mooued seeming vnto him that Sebastian pretended to depriue him of his kingdome being a Moore to giue it to another Moore no more friend to him then he was without any pretext or iudgement to whom of them the estate did iustly appertaine And seeing the accord with the Catholique King tooke not the effect he desired he resolued vpon his defence but weighing how much better an ill peace is then a iust warre and discerning well the discommodities great charge and dangers it drawes with it he laboured first to compound with him making offer to the King to giue him tenne miles of the countrey lying about his fortresses in Affrick for tillage But Sebastian who was of another conceite made him answere that he had beene at great charge in leuying of forreine forces and therefore he coulde not desist from the enterprise vnlesse he would yeeld him Tituan Alarache and Cape D'Aghero This demaund seemed too excessiue to the Moore and therefore made answere that hee must pause thereon although the siege were before Moroca and that the King should offer to giue him in counterchange Mulei Mahamet his capitall enimie That he had conquered those Realmes with his sword and policie and ment to defend them with all his forces He commaunded presently Rhodeuano his purueyor generall a Portugall Renegado to bring to field all his Tents and Pauillions the which was perfourmed the next day beeing in number aboue 4000. The sixe and twentith of May he went towards Suse the chiefe citie being Northward from Moroca to giue order in those parts for certaine things there concerning the warre But hauing intelligence vpon the way that the King of Portugall was issued out of Lisbone he returned suddenly to Moroca where hauing left the said Rhodeuano as his Vizeroy he assembled those men of war he commonly keepes in paye in that Realme he lodged his campe at Camis and from thence came in three daies to Temisnam townes which lye towards the frontriers of Portugall where he fell sicke with great castings and a fit of an Ague There he vnderstood that Sebastian was come to Cadiz and although he were verie sicke yet continuing his course he went to Salé with 14000 horse and 2500. Harquebuzers whereof one thousand were on horsebacke the rest on foot the most part of Andelousia Renegados Here he vnderstood the Portugals were arriued at Arzilla and therefore hauing passed the riuer of Marmore at a foord hauing caused some quantity of mettal to be brought from Moroco he cast fower pieces of great cannon in his campe three of them with certaine other peeces he drew with him the other he sent to Moroco marching himselfe towards Alcasar Mulei Hemet his bastard brother gouernour of the kingdome of Fesse was alreadie come to field by his commandement as generall of the horse of that prouince and hauing assembled all the souldiers both horse and foote thereabouts was come to the place which they call the faire of Thursday sixe miles neere to Alcazarquiuir where he expected his brother to ioyne their armies togither hauing two and twentie thousand horse and fiue thousand fiue hundreth foote There Moluc arriued the xxiiij of Iuly so sicke that he coulde scarse endure on horsebacke who hauing marched long in his Litter seeing his brother a farre off he tooke his horse to meete him when they approched the one to the other Mulei Hemet put spurres to his horse and being come neere his brother he lighted and kissed the ground in signe of humilitie the whole armie giuing a great volley of shotte His sicknes encreasing daily Mulei Moluc entred not with pompe as the manner was into his lodging but returning to his Litter seated his brother in his place to effect his entrie himselfe going before to take his lodging And forasmuch as he vnderstood that Sebastian had sent Mulei Cheque with troopes to Mazagon he dispatched Mulei Dan his nephew with two thousand horse and some foote to make head least he should indomage those quarters Toward Cape D'Aghere and Alarache he likewise sent men but hearing that Sebastian was disimbarked at Arzilla they returned to the campe Moluc was a man couragious hardie and free in wordes seeming to make small account of the Portugals he saide openly that whosoeuer went not willingly with him he shoulde retire suffering any freely to depart that were more friend to Mulei Mahamet
then to him wherein they should do him a fauour the which he spake not to contemne the enimies forces but knowing how hardly he shoulde staie them that minded to leaue him desiring rather they should then go then attend vntill a battaile or reuolt at some other time when they might do him a greater mischiefe And therefore to giue them the better meanes to escape he made choise of three thousand out of such as he suspected sending them to discouer the Christians Armie to keepe them busied with courses and to giue them often Alarums not with any meaning they should do this exploite but if they meant to flie they might effect it at their pleasure But this meaning vnknowne to that nation wrought in them a contrarie effect to that which Moluc attended for hauing construed this commaundement to the fidelitie and trust he had in them they meant still to remaine faithfull so as few went vnto the Christians armie The greatest part did well performe that which Moluc had giuen them in Charge for being deuided somtimes into 600. sometimes more sometimes lesse they ran to the Trenches of the Portugals lodgings molesting and slaying those they found scattering from the Armie In the meane while the Portugals remayning in their lodgings before they had yet discouered the Moores deceiued with illusions had twice taken the Alarum in vaine seeing themselues one day followed at the heeles by 600. horse like men that had neuer yet seene the enimie neere or far off although they were in a strong lodging ioyning to a friend towne and an Armie at sea within Harquebuze shot yet ran they fearfully to imbarke and notwithstanding that the Enimies after a light skirmish with the Moores of Cheriffe Mahamet who were lodged a little without the trenches returned presently yet the Portugals were so amazed that being kept from imbarking they fled from the campe going by lande to Tanger and so fell out of one mischiefe into another for by the way they were taken prisoners by the Moores of Tituan other places thereabouts who lay in waite to robbe and spoile But the King gathered courage by this first view of the Moore so suddenly retyred for remaining before within the citie he would now lodge without to be more neere vnto the skirmishes when need should require The next day discouering 2000. of the enimies horse the King went to encounter them with 600. horse but the skirmish being begunne the Moores retired wherein the King carried himselfe more like a valiant souldier then a wise Captaine following Edward de Meneses Marshall of the campe who marched ten miles from the Armie with no small danger hauing neither footman nor Harquebuzer for his guarde the safetie of his person being of great importance to the whole Armie he seemed rather wearie of his life then to doe any acte of a braue minde who being a King and might liue deliciously was pricked forward with the onely desire of glorie Moluc had newes of this encounter beyond Alcazar where he lodged from whence he departed not both for that he expected some troupes from Tituan and Mechinee places vpon the sea coast the which arriued soone as also to draw the Portugals into the firme land for so he vnderstood they entended yet he feared it could not so fall out doubting they would continue along the sea coast being most conuenient for them Yet he resolued if they entred not into the maine to march towards them withall speed and before they should attempt any thing to follow them at their backes thereby to draw them into the want of many things not meaning to ioyne battell with them but vpon great aduantage but if they should enter into the maine land to suffer their passage as far as he might with assurance and after cut off their returne to sea In this manner he doubted not to obtaine the victorie almost without fighting both for the great number of men he had in his Armie as also vnderstanding the Portugals were ill prouided of victuals drawne thither by force full of delights and voide of experience In this time the King of Portugall assembled the chiefe of his counsell to resolue of his departure demaunding their aduise what course they were best to take Many durst not speake freely for although they thought the best resolution to goe by sea to Alarache yet discouering by daily practises that the King was otherwise resolued relying more vpon flatterie then vpon the truth they chose rather to counsell him ill and please him then to aduise him well and contradict him He was desirous to goe by land to play both the captaine and the Serieant not foreseeing the difficulties the way would bring nor the danger whereinto he did runne but as ill aduised hauing no aduertisement of the enimies Armie thought with securitie to ouerrune their countrey and that the Moores should flie before him as those few had done which appeared at Arzilla One of the chiefe that did most applaud his humour was Alphonso of Portugall Earle of Vimioso who had beene in the Kings former voyage into Affricke Chamberlaine and had charge of the victuals wherein he behaued himselfe so sparingly as if they had continued any longer in Affricke or else at sea they had beene starued the which his enimies tooke as an occasion to disgrace him with the King whereof he had beene euer sithens secluded This man both ambitious and cunning did second the Kings humours although he did know with himselfe they were rash and hurtfull and against that which he thought conuenient perswading him to march by lande for two reasons The one to make knowne vnto the King vpon his march the want of victuals there was in his Armie by reason whereof he coulde not proceed to make his officers odious and to whip them with the same rod he had beene scourged before whereby the voyage should be broken The other reason was to shew himselfe valiant to please the King and to recouer his disgrace seeming vnto him that whether he did aduise it or not the King would vndertake it and since that he must of force hazard his life he thought it best to make himselfe Author of the resolution if it succeeded ill the losse would be generall if it happened wel he alone should haue the honour of it seeing that he alone was of that opinion He setled the Kings weake iudgement and therewithall enflamed this desire to march saying that this Armie in Affricke being master of the field should not shew any feare by imbarking but turne head wheresoeuer it pleased and open all passages And although they were possibly inferiour to the enimie in number yet their valour exceeded them being well knowne vnto the world how much a Moore was inferiour to a Christian adding thereunto that to disimbarke at Alarache it might prooue vneasie and dangerous he said that both King Philip and the Castilians would report the Portugals durst not without their
fauour him it seemed the Portugals woulde be pleased to haue a yoong king whom they might breede vp after their owne manner But Anthony Prior of Crato sonne of Lewes who was brother to the saide Henrie sought the Crowne but with more vehemencie saying he was legitimate and no bastard as it was supposed And although he were without lands and disgraced by Henry yet being fauoured by the people he supposed that Henry dying he shoulde in despight of all the rest be crowned Emanuel Philibert Duke of Sauoy although sonne to Beatrice yoongest sister to the Catholique Kings Mother and yoonger then the saide King did not yet leaue off his pretentions but with greater modestie And for that amongst the pretendants straungers the Portugals were more inclined to him then to anie other it was supposed he woulde not let slippe the occasion And this inclination proceeded from the opinion they had that in regarde of the qualitie of his person he shoulde be fitter then anie other to defende them from their enimies and if neede were hee might vigorously resist King Philip if he shoulde stirre both by reason of his valour and for the meanes he had to molest him in his Duchie of Millaine ioyning vnto Piedmont vsing chiefly the alliance and neighbourhoode he had with Fraunce The peoples pretention was not vnconsidered for that the issue male of their Kings failing they pretended the election to belong to them they grounded it that women did neuer succeed but in an interreigne a woman was excluded and Iohn the first the tenth king of this Realme chosen by the people It seemed that this pretention shoulde not onely be contrarie to all pretendant strangers but also might breed a diuision within the Realme Katherine of Medecy widdowe to Henry the second King of Fraunce did likewise pretende saying that she was before all others by an action fetched a farre off but fortified with liuely reasons by her Embassadors The ground was That when as Sanches the second raigned in Portugall whom they called Cappello of the habite which he did vse Alphons his brother married with Matilda then Countesse of Bulloigne in Picardie And that after by the weakenes of Sanches the people with the consent of Pope Honorius the thirde then raigning called in Alphonse to be as tutor and gouernour of the Realme a testimony of the auncient Religion of this nation who euen in temporall matters did flie vnto the Pope And although at his cōming he did but vsurpe yet soone after the King dying without heires the Earle did lawfully inherite the Crowne hauing had before by his French wife some children who vnderstanding her husband to be King and not to returne any more to Bulloigne hauing prepared certaine ships she went to him into Portugall But for that Alphonse being now King did treat a marriage in Castill to haue the Kingdome of Algarues in dower as he after had without the consent of the Pope she was neither seene nor receiued by him So as all the other Portugall Kings which haue succeeded haue drawen their originall from this Alphonse and the children of his Castillian wife The Queenes Embassadours said That all the Kings which had succeeded him and his children had as Bastards vniustly inherited and that the kingdome ought to returne by direct line to the heires of the lawfull children of the said Alphonse and the Countesse of Bulloigne whom they said to be Queene Katherine of Medicy mother to King Henry the third daughter to Laurence of Medicy and of Magdalen of Bulloigne the onely remainder in direct line of that house and heire to that County the which although shee did not then possesse being incorporate by the Kings of Fraunce as a matter of importance seated vpon the limits of Flaunders and England yet they gaue vnto the Queene in recompence the Earledom of Lorangueil which shee now inioyeth They did likewise affirme but with small reason that the Pope did pretend alleadging that the Realme was not onely the spoile of the Cardinall but when as Alphonse who was the second Earle of Portugall obtained of the church the Title of a King hee bound himselfe to pay certaine markes of gold for a Tribute But heere of they made small reckoning These pretentions did much afflict the mindes of Princes and made the people feare some broyles vnderstanding that both the Queene of England was displeased against the Catholike King for the affaires of Ireland and that the King of Fraunce and the Turke were not contented to see King Philip become so mightie conquering a kingdome of so great importance On the other side Philip would not indure that any other but himselfe should become Lord for the neighbourhood of their countries supposing the least inconuenience that could happen was the ciuill warre betwixt the Duke of Bragrance and the Prior. But returning to the Cardinall Henrie being seated in the royall throne although he were of 67. yeeres of age and not healthful yet he looked about him and as it were determined from aboue that Portugall should fall by degrees to his declining hee did not prouide for the state according to the opinion that was conceiued of him but the Realme by reason of their miseries passed remayning as a bodie emptie and afflicted which needed a wise Phisition to restore it But as one mischiefe comes not alone the new King did more torment it for although many supposed that hee being olde a priest and of an exemplarie life hee should lay all passions aside and be more carefull to settle the state of the common wealth then he had found it yet notwithstanding he could not temper himselfe with such disposition as was fit for his yeeres and degree But as it often happens to such as haue beene oppressed who comming to rule seeke reuenge of their enimies euen so did he not imitating the example of Lewis the 12. King of Fraunce who disdained to requite the wrongs done him being Duke of Orleance hee resolued to reuenge the iniuries done him being Cardinal if they may be wel termed iniuries when as Princes be not respected of their inferiors as they ought For being not greatly fauoured by the King his predecessor the ministers and fauorites of his nephewe did not respect him as was fit not conceiuing being so old and Sebastian so yoong that euer he should haue attained to the Crowne By reason whereof he depriued almost all the officers of the court and some of them that did mannage the Kings Treasure of their offices and aduanced his owne seruants The first on whom he discharged the heat of his choler was Peter d' Alcasoua for that he did detest him from the time he was Secretorie and he Gouernor of the Realme during the nonage of Sebastian as also for that he thought to haue reason to punish him hauing beene an actor in these warres and seconded the Kings will and as one of his Chamberlaines had had the greatest charge
entreated them presently to resolue to receiue and sweare him for their king and lord as God would haue it they themselues knowing chiefly touching this matter what king Henry thought determined and had resolued and the bond where by they were tied to obey his will in dooing whereof he woulde grant vnto the realme not onely the priuileges which he had set downe the which the Duke of Ossuna should offer in his name but any other they should require being iust and reasonable hoping they woulde take that course which was to be expected from wise men and Christians he would continue his determination The Embassadors seemed not satisfied with this answere but demanding leaue to impart it to the Gouernors they accompanied the king vntill he came to Merryda Now were the Gouernors in Portugall wearied with the Councell of the States desirous to dissolue them and hauing first required a prolonging of the gouernment the King had left vnto them and not obtaining it they did signifie vnto them that the States were ended that the Deputies might returne to their houses leauing only ten of them to treat of matters which should fal out for so small a number might lodge any where being now forced to leaue Almeryn and to take some small place neere the citie of Lisbone being greatly entreated thereunto but the Deputies who had sent Iohn de Noghera to the Vniuersitie of Coimbra to studie the point of their pretēded election hauing receiued answer that the election belonged to the States of the realme they woulde by no meanes be dissolued perswaded thereunto by the bishop of Parma the Prior the chamber of Saint Arem and many particulars offring money to supply their wants but they opposed in vaine For although they had sent to the Gouernors to alleage their reasons in law labouring to prooue that the States were not to be dissolued that their procurations were offorce yet the Gouernors did againe disable them saying their authorities were of no force so as many began to separate themselues and returne to their houses The Gouernors prepared to defend themselues for although the greatest part of them were not of that opinion yet to content the people and to please the other Gouernors and gentlemen of the popular faction it behooued them so to do For this cause they armed their gallions they brought armes from other countries they mustred men for the warre they sent gentlemen throughout all the prouinces of the realme and laboured to imploy such as contrarie to the Catholique Kings faction being present hindered their resolutions who willingly accepted of these charges seeming to haue greater confidence in them then in any other Diego de Meneses was sent into the prouince beyond Tagus Iohn de Vasconcello into Beira Emanuel of Portugall into the mouth of Tagus and many other to diuers parts of the Realme George de Meneses had charge of the armie at sea so as they were all dispersed and the Gouernors had good meanes to effect their desires yet Martyn Gonzalues de la Camera no lesse popular then the rest remained in court of whom the Gouernors grew iealous that hauing imploied him as a mediator betweene them and the States of the realme he was become a superior But the prouision and preparatiues that were made although some vsed all care and diligence seemed rather done for shew and fashion sake then to any effect In Castill they discoursed vpon the manner of this enterprise seeming impossible vnto the Duke to gather togither so many carriages as was necessarie for the conduct of victuals and munition and therefore deuised to transport his forces by sea He determined with few men to keepe them busied in Extremadure to diuert them and vnder colour to hasten the armie to march towards Andelouzia and speedily to imbarke his soldiers at Saint Marie Port to assaile the entrie of the mouth of Lisbone in despite of all the fortresses that were there making account to loose some ships which should by chaunce touch But receiuing certaine aduertisement by men expresly sent into Portugall that there was aboue six thousand chariots to be founde he left this dangerous resolution more for the regard of the sea then the enimies He determined to march to Settuual thinking it necessary to win a port of the sea of so great importāce for the harboring of the nauie for cōming thither laden with victuals he not able to carrie with him by land aboue a moneths prouision it seemed necessarie to ioine the forces prouisions of the sea to them of the land and that therein consisted the victorie with this resolution he went to Merrida where the King remained of whom being receiued with a cheerefull countenance they treated what course the armie should take There grew some diuersitie of opinion betwixt the Duke and some others who perswaded by some confident Portugals would haue the armie march to Almeryn and there passe Tagus at a foord or at Saint Arem vpon bridges that they should force that place being but weake and so they might passe safely to the wals of Lisbone the which without attending any batterie would yeeld presently or it may be before their arriuall for taking from them the victuals from the plaines of Saint Arem they should not onely besiege them by famine but they shoulde so furnish their armie with corne that they shoulde haue no neede of prouision from the fleete the which they should better receiue at Lisbone then at Settuual without hazarding the enteprise and the armie by the dangers of disimbarking which going to Settuual they must be forced to do against the forts vpō the mouth of the riuer and with losse of time in winning of them This opinion seemed so grounded that it required no lesse authoritie or arte to disprooue then the Dukes who being chiefe of this enterprise and to hazard his reputation drew the King to his opinion Philip had likewise enuironed as a man may say all the realme of Portugall with armes though not with mercenarie soldiers yet with such as they coulde assemble togither he commanded all Noblemen whose liuings ioined to the confines of this realme that hauing enrolled the greatest number of their subiects able to beare armes they shoulde be readie at his commandement yet in the meane time they shoulde receiue gently in his name the cities and subiects of Portugall that woulde obey him In Gallicia Peter de Castro Earle of Lemos and Gaspard de Fonsequa Earle of Monteré had the charge against the prouince behinde the mountaines Iohn Pimentel Earle of Benneuent and Diego de Tolledo Earle of Alua In Estremadura Beltramo dela Cueua Duke of Albequerque and Ferrant Anriques Marquesse of Villa Noua against Vera Iohn Pacheco Marquesse of Seraluo and in Algarues Frauncis de Suniga Duke of Besar and Alonso de Gusman of Medina Cidonia In the armie where the Duke of Alua was commander of all both at sea and at
binde such as had taken it so coulde it not excuse them from the bonde by the which they were tied to receiue him for King and that the allegations of the pretendents and their offer to stand to iudgement did not binde the King to acknowledge for iudge such as were not The Catholique King hauing viewed these reasons resolued to stay no longer frō taking possession of the Realme and therefore he caused his whole Armie to march to Cantigliana three miles from Badagios there to passe into Portugall where hee himselfe with the Queene woulde see it lodged for which effect he commaunded a scaffold to be made in open field where being mounted he set downe all the orders directed by the old Duke of Alua in the habit of a yoong souldier And although it seemed the King had resolued to stay at Badagios yet this matter was disputed amongst the curious with diuers reasons and besides the generall opnions of some who did maintaine that Kings ought to be personall in their enterprises they did alleage some other speciall reasons which did binde the king to goe with his armie They distinguished three qualities incident to the enterprise whereby the King shoulde go in person that is the importance of the pretention the hope of happie successe and the difficultie to execute it by a minister shewing that all three did concurre heerein seeing it was a question for a realme of importance rich and bordering vpon his other countries head of many rich estates and then in the way of greatnes That the hope of victorie was in all humaine consideration certaine both in regard of his iustice and force as also for the weakenes of his aduersaries That the difficulty to vndertake it by a minister was great and proper in that case the King not entering into Portugall to subdue cities but to winne their harts not playing the part of a conquerour but of lawfull Prince who entreth with necessarie forces to suppresse the ordinarie alterations of realmes newly gotten as he had protested to the Gouernors and estates of the realme that such offices for so important causes coulde not be committed but to the person of the eldest Prince being a commission vnfit for any childe or nephew much lesse for a captaine Generall being a Castillian of nation most imperious both by nature and for the great and important affaires which he had mannaged besides being for his owne particular hatefull to the Portugals They saide it was most certaine if the King entred the realme in person of friends he shoulde make faithfull subiects of newters friends and of enimies newters where as contrariwise the Duke woulde make his friendes newters his newters enimies and his enimies obstinate rebels With these reasons and others such as iudged the Kings presence necessarie in the enterprise fortified their opinions On the otherside it was saide that when the resolutions of the one side haue so great difficultie as they draw neere to impossibilities there is no disputing what is conuenient but of force they must obey necessitie that the question of the Kings entring into Portugall was of this nature seeing that by diuers accidents the strength of the armie was so weakened that it was both in quantitie and qualitie most different from that which had beene set downe for there wanted aboue sixe thousand souldiers of them which had been leuied the number of the Spaniards which came out of Italy was greatly diminished and there wanted halfe of those that were new raised and the bands that came from the lowe Countries could not arriue in time If these which were the strēgth of the armie had beene ioyned and the number appointed in the beginning assembled the King might wel haue perfourmed the enterprise in person for then had he made the way open for the succours of men munition from the frontiers vnto Settuual leauing garrisons in al places to receiue conduct them But wanting horse and foote necessarie for the action there was no other remedie but to runne the fortune of two great daungers The one was to conduct all the victuals with the armie which would cause a new and monstrous forme of Campe wanting horsemen to couer their carriages The other of no lesse importance was that the life of these men depended vpon the inconstancie of the sea and winde which shoulde conduct the armie from Andelouzia to Settuuall with the other victuals and munition to serue the want of those whom they transported And although the Duke contented himselfe with the number of his soldiers he did it trusting to his owne dexteritie and the ignorance of his enimies And if he hoped to surmount these dangers he grounded his opinion vpon the Portugals vnskilfulnes to preuent him entertaining him behinde with continuall skirmishes to conuoy him the which if they could effect were dangerous for there by they should force him to turne backe and fight with disaduantage of the place where they might be defeated or staied from passing the armie ouer the riuer of Tagus the which were to put a battaile in compremise for the humours which might daily arise besides there were some difficultie to ioine the two parts of the armie the one being at sea the other at land vneasie to ioine thē at a limited time the delay of 20. daies would hinder the effect for a yeeres imploiment so as they concluded that neither by reason of war nor of state the King ought to hazard his person in this enterprise for that neither industrie nor fortune be sufficient warrants for the safety of Princes who ought not to ground their resolutions vpon an others weakenes but vpon their owne proper forces Whilest that matters in Castill stoode on these termes and that the Portugals grew daily more arrogant and confused it was apparant with small insight how this realme ranne headlong into ruine For al being confounded with vanitie no man knew what he would do no man was resolute what he shoulde execute and if any were yet blinded they knewe not what course to take The Gouernours being at Settuuall assembled the estates being amazed to vnderstand the Duke of Alua was in fielde resolute to inuade the realme presently On the otherside that Anthony was at Saint Arem incensing the Deputies that they shoulde not go to the Estates practising the disorder which hapned after The Duke of Bragance pressed them shewing his griefes in publike it may be for not proceeding according to his humour The Embassadors of the Catholique King gaue them no time to breath Iohn Teglio was at Lisbone preparing for defence with whom they had no good intelligence They desired to content all men yet feared the peoples furie they laboured much and prouided for nothing The cities cried for armes to defend themselues or to haue permission to yeeld they answered in generall tearmes without any effect they receiued letters from the Duke of Alua who accused them of crueltie saying they
straggle from the campe hee was most miserable for whilest they ledde him bound such as were armed with their armes religious men with their staues women and children with stones did so pitifully handle him as happie was hee that coulde strike him and their licentious libertie was so great as it was lawfull for any one though most base and for euery slaue to wrong any stranger whatsoeuer to imprison him and sende him to the galleies for charging him to be an enimie the whole people at the least motion would rise and execute what they pleased were it right or wrong Anthony seeing nowe all hope of defence vpon the passage of the riuer lost and a mighty enimie so neere him sought some remedie for his affaires All conditions presented vnto him were most hard For to issue foorth and fight he iudged it a folly finding his defect of men to vanquish much lesse to bring the battaile in question To defend the citie it was impossible for the greatnes thereof being without wals and weake His flight by sea was stopped by the galleies he woulde not hazard to escape by lande being vnable to carry with him many iewels and some money which he had gathered togither and to compounde with the Duke was brother vnto death So as wauering in these thoughts the magistrate of the chamber of Lisbone went vnto him saying That seeing the enimy was so neere and so mightie they would not bring the safetie of the citie in question nor so gouerne themselues that being weake it shoulde be a praie to the soldiers that therefore hee shoulde prepare to issue foorth and defend it the which if he did not the citie coulde do no lesse then prouide for her owne safetie He answered that the time was nowe come when as they shoulde aide him with men entertained at their owne charge which doing he hoped with many others which hee had assembled God woulde giue him the victorie but the magistrate excused they coulde not do it for the great charge they had beene at by reason of the plague whereunto he replied that within two daies howsoeuer he woulde frame his campe and march against the Duke For this cause hauing let passe the fourth day of August most vnhappie to the Portugals for the losse of the battaile in Affrick and hauing left some of his most precious things in certaine religious houses he commaunded that all soldiers which had beene long before inrolled and all the people of Lisbone without exception of person whatsoeuer should march towards Belem the which was executed with great rigour forcing many to go in person For although the hatred against the Castillians were in generall yet the tailor the shoemaker the handicrafts men and the peasants who bragged that they alone woulde conquer the whole world did not willingly leaue their houses but fainting daily they chose rather to encounter with wordes then bullets besides being accustomed to an other trade and vnfit for warre they had not beene trained to shoote in a Harquebuse vnapt to carrie much lesse to mannage a pike So as of this forced and tumultuarie people they had assembled eight or ten thousand at Belem whither in the ende Anthony went who still doubtfull and ill aduised without any resolution expecting what time woulde counsaile him The resolution whereon he most depended was that if the Duke came against the citie to meete him vpon the waie with some aduantage if he coulde and giue him battaile propounding like a desperate man either to vanquish or to die yet soone after when the occasiō was presented he could neither effect the one nor the other His troupes lay not encamped but were dispersed heere and there within the houses of that small place vnder the porches of the monasterie and other such like without either forme or strength of a lodging He had no captaine of experience no marshall of the fielde nor sergeant that coulde commaund the soldiers lodge them and put them in battaile if neede were Sforce Orsin a yoong man and valiant but of no great experience was come out of Italy at the brute of these warres yet being a stranger and alone he was not obeied neither did they greatly trust him The priuate captaines of companies had no experience and there was so great want of men that some friers were made captaines of the Moores and of the scum of the people carrying in one hande their crosses and in the other their armes It is not to be forgotten as a thing not accustomed the mutinies growen in religious houses where being deuided into factions fewe were affected to the Castillians few remained newters and infinite were those that affected the rule of Anthony for the fauouring of whose cause they committed manie disorders The priests were no more temperate then the rest many whereof hauing left their priestly habite were gone to field armed In this confusion Anthony remained three daies at Belem whilest the Duke approched slowly The fourth day hee considered that although there came still vnto him some soldiers which had beene leuied in all the cities of the realme yet the armie diminished daily for that the inhabitants of the citie left him who hauing their houses neere not accustomed to the discommodities of warre fled from him therefore he sent to Lisbone commaunding vpon great punishments to bring vnto him by force al such as should be found armed or vnarmed defending that no man shoulde retire to anie other place but where he was desiring that as well the cowardes as the valiant shoulde runne the like fortune with him supposing as king Sebastian had done to his losse it were possible to force men to fight that were both vnskilfull and vnwilling And forasmuch as his onely hope consisted in the peoples fauour to the ende they shoulde follow him more willingly he graunted vnto all but especially to those of his traine free libertie the which carrying with it confusion was cause of great harme for as the whole citie was filled with Negroes and Peasants the quieter sorte had more feare of the people thē of the enimy yet was there not seene any one to powre foorth his hate or commit any priuate reuenge of small or great importance not for that there are not many dissentions and factions amongst them but being more apt to reuenge themselues by the toong then by sworde All rigour to force men to the fielde preuailed little for feare encreasing with this diligence they hidde themselues the more the which Anthony perceiuing finding himselfe in no assurance at Belem hauing the enimies campe so neere and a conquerour he was aduised to passe on and to lodge about the wals of the rocke of Saint Iulian supposing that two good effects woulde grow thereby the one that his armie should be more safe vnder the fauour of the cannon and of the tower the other that he should assure this forte being the only defence of the whole realme But this aduise being disallowed
serued him as the first vallet of his chamber seeing the warres to grow betwixt the Portugals and Castillians hee craued and obtained leaue to retire himselfe into his countrey This man going to King Philip made offer for the great familiaritie hee had with Anthony to treate an accord with him being in great hope to effect it so as hee was sent to the Duke of Alua with order that he shoulde suffer him to goe and conferre with the Prior For the effecting heereof hee came to Lisbone at such time as the Duke tooke Cascayes and hauing discoursed at large with the Prior he enformed him of the Kings forces and aduised him to compound The Prior gaue eare to this treatie and Diego de Carcamo for so this gentleman was called did greatly presse him to giue him a letter of credite vnto the king with commission what he had in charge That such as had beene their mediators were the cause that he had not serued him as he desired but as much as the time woulde suffer him he was ready to do it That if it pleased him to sende any person as Embassador to the three Estates that hee woulde perswade them to yeelde him obedience and that he woulde say he had defended them so much as possiblie hee coulde but his succours from Fraunce and other Prouinces failing he could no longer resist and therefore he aduised them to agree In this letter which he had written to the King he did signe Rey. But repenting him afterwarde he did write it againe at the perswasion of Carcamo and subscribed it Anthony hauing receiued the letter his charge he seemed to haue ended his busines but being with the King he was returned backe to Anthony with a resolutiō which he supposed should haue succeeded but with certaine letters to the Duke of Alua whereby he was commanded to gouerne himselfe as the estate of the affaires shoulde require Hee arriued at such time as the Duke was emcamped before the rocke of Saint Iulian. Now did there lighten foorth a great hope of peace the which soone after vanished away For although the Duke seemed to be well pleased with this practise yet may we well say it did not content him seeming happely vnto him that being so farre aduanced hee shoulde haue more honour to conquer it by armes then by agreement For which cause he returned Carcamo to the Prior with this aunswer That he was glad of his resolution to serue his maiestie but there was no reason to sende an Embassador to the States seeing hee helde not the crowne from them but from the people to whom if hee pleased hee woulde sende and grant the like graces vnto them which other cities had receiued by their yeelding These words were deliuered him in writing but by mouth the Duke added that he had beene an affectionate seruant to Lewes his father and that as he had now taken armes to depriue him of the realme so woulde he take them in hande againe to conquer him an other so as it were not any of those that belonged to his King and Lord. Carcamo was not yet without hope to conclude the busines but nowe the Spanish grauitie hindred the effect of so great importance For the Duke supposed he shoulde not giue vnto Anthony any greater title then Seignory and hee that was mounted from Excellencie to Highnes held himselfe contemned and so much disdained it that both for the cold answere for this respect he was assured the Duke would haue no agreement He therefore made answer by mouth that seeing he woulde not agree if his people would obey him and be conformable to his will they would either vanquish or all die in that place Vpon this answere the Duke repenting his manner of writing or it may bee fearing the King woulde not like of this kind of proceeding sent backe Carcamo to say vnto Anthony that he should send one by sea or by land and he woulde sende another and that in the midde way they should conclude all thinges But the Prior who had small confidence in the Duke being greatly mooued made no other replie but that Kings were Kings and captaines captaines but that victories came from the hands of God so as the Duke dispairing of the matter deuised for his discharge that Anthony had sent him worde that he desired to conferre with him by night in a barke and the better to induce men to beleeue it he went publikely to lie aboord in a galley and being disimbarked in the morning he seemed discontented that Anthony had not come to conference with him it may be with this apparant iustification to haue more cause to make warre and not to compounde and so to lay the faulte vpon Anthony but in truth they did neuer treat of any meeting Now had they battered the fort of S. Iulian touching the which there was before growen some difficultie amongst the Inginers vpon what part they shoulde make their batterie Some woulde haue him plant their cannon at the strongest place but most conuenient to giue an assault Others would batter the weakest part although most vneasie to enter for that their defences being taken away their place of armes shoulde remaine open to their artillerie wherevpon the Duke to quite this controuersie went himselfe allowing the opinion of Fratino and of Philip Terzi where it hapned that hauing battered neere two whole daies and made but a small breach the soldiers fainting although they had good meanes to entrench themselues their armie neere at hand and the hauen alwaies open Tristan vaz de Vega captaine thereof was in doubte whether hee shoulde yeelde or defende it so long as hee coulde but enclining more to yeeld then to fight he was in suspence what meanes to vse to treate secretly not trusting greatly to some that were about him But fortune made the way for him for at that time a poore woman neere to Oeiras hauing her daughter and sonne in lawe within the forte amazed with the noise of the artillerie came crying to the Duke beseeching him to giue her leaue to drawe her sonne in lawe and her daughter out of the forte which he battred The old Duke who sought such occasions embraced this and saide vnto the woman that she should go in safetie causing the cannon to cease in the meane time He willed her to say vnto the captine of the forte that he had done ill to make so small account of the Dukes message and that he shoulde not wilfully cast himselfe away she deliuered her ambassage being returned with her daughter to the campe she said vnto the Duke on the behalfe of Tristan Vaz that he defended himselfe hauing not as yet seene any messenger from him whom he woulde haue heard and entertained and that if he woulde assure him vpon his word he woulde go to the campe to speake with him The Duke sent this woman presently backe to the captaine saying vnto him that
better fauored and receiued brought newes that he was in their countrey raising a great Armie The people being in this humour easie to take any impression there suddenly steps vp a Smith of the basest sorte who followed by the multitude plaied the Southsayer saying that the tenth of March without all doubte King Sebastian shoulde come into that Iland The day being come with great expectation of the people there appeered a great shippe at sea the viewe whereof did so much alter this people that the Smith crying this was the shippe wherein the King was euery man ranne to the shoare to see him as as it were expecting Sebastians landing But although the shippe followed an other course not drawing any thing neere to the Iland yet the people left not their vaine hope but some of them affirmed that the shippe had put three men into their cockboate the which were entred into the couent of Saint Frauncis supposing it shoulde be King Sebastian Christopher de Tauora and the Cheriffe And although this lie might easily be deciphered yet their offences would not permitte it but running from one scruple to an other it seemed they were destinate to liue in suspence for these friers of Saint Frauncis against the truth of priesthoode vnderstanding the peoples opinion that the King was in their couent did confirme it giuing them to vnderstand it was true and the better to induce them to beleeue it seeming on the one side to keepe it very secret on the other side shewing they had guests of importance they demaunded secretly but so as it might be knowen to borrow beds of silke siluer vessels and other things fit for a kings seruice They caused also garments to be made and kept their gates more strictly then of custome saying in their sermons that they would giue them two naturall kings and some hearing them in their masses to praie for Sebastian and Anthony supposed he was in their monasterie and not Sebastian seeing that since his departure from Viana there was no certaine newes of him In this Iland Ciprian de Figueredo sometimes seruant to the Counte of Vimioso being sent thither for iudge was become ringleader of all the rest This man being contrary to the Castillians and agreeing with the monkes did countenaunce their practises remaining in their couent from morning vntill night He confirmed the people in their foolish beliefe that the King was there This nation was not well setled in matters of religion for growing insolent by their libertie some preachers attributing vnto themselues more authoritie then they had promised absolution and many things which they ought not making shewe they would builde a church after their owne fashion and for that the lesuites had opposed themselues or at the least were not of one consent they were walled vp within their monasterie And although these Ilands were not al obedient being a slow enterprise yet the warre seemed as then in a manner ended that Philip hauing great forces in Spaine knew not how to imploy them forasmuch as the soldiers returned from the warres in the lowe Countries were now vpon the way comming from Italy towards Portugall with some others newly leuied they saide the King adding some fewe forces thereunto might raise a great armie to bee imploied vpon that occasion for the which they vnderstoode the Pope as carefull of his charge had renewed the practizes to bende these forces against England the which woulde not obey the Romish sea and therefore hee propounded to king Philip that if hee woulde leuie an armie and sende it to this conquest he woulde assist him in this enterprise with the treasures of the church offring to graunt vnto him Croisades exemptions and subsidies and to acquite him of a million of golde which hee saide was due vnto the church for the reuenewes he had receiued of the Archbishopricke of Toledo by title of sequestration when as the Archbishop was suspended from his charge But the King hauing newly taken possession of the crowne seeing the Portugals not well quieted sought first to pacifie the realme before hee woulde vndertake any other enterprise Notwithstanding at the Popes motion who saide that arming in those parts hee shoulde not onely keepe Portugall in awe but all Spaine and Fraunce likewise It may be he woulde not haue refused to send a good part of his forces if not into England yet into Ireland if the Popes ministers had beene more resolute or had beene furnished with a more ample commission but the sufferance of the foldiers and the great charge admitting no delay Rome being so farre off they agreed not but the King dismissing the Italians caused the foldiers vpon the way to returne backe and deuided his armie into garrisons THE EIGHT BOOKE The Contents of the eight Booke The soldiers complaints The Catholique King visites the Duchesse of Bragance The Kings voyage to Tomar The generall pardon The estates wherein they sware fidelitie vnto the King and vnto the Prince Diego The demaunds of the estates The kings entrie into Lisbone The vnhappy successe of Peter de Baldes his men at the Ilands of Terceraes Anthonie his departure out of the realme and his arriuall in Fraunce The arriuall of Lopez de Fegueroa at the Ilands and his returne without effect The preparation of the Jlands The estate of the affaires of Fraunce and of the lowe Countries The recompences which the King gaue vnto suiters The opinions of the manner of giuing them The enterprise of the Ilands The preparation to warre by King Philip and the French and the departure of their armies at sea towards the Ilands both from Fraunce and Portugall IN these warres amidst the cares of the realmes disquiet and imminent perils Frauncis de Villafagna doctor of the lawes and Auditour of the Councel royall of Castil which is the soueraigne seate of that realme came to Lisbone sent by the King with letters vnto the Duke whereby he was commaunded to fauour him in the execution of his commission the which being presently published containing no other matter of importance but a simple commaundement with the rest of the ordinarie officers to examine the accounts of the armie and to signe the warrants for paiments it seemed a sleight charge for so great a personage the which ministred matter of suspect that vnder so simple a shewe there was hidden some mysterie of importance and the generall opinion was that he came to censure both the armie and the Duke himselfe And although the Duke should haue beene best informed yet he made no shewe to know it but fauoured the Doctor admitting him to the Councell of warre and to other graue matters which did not concerne him The rest of the Captaines Spanish soldiers which could lesse dissēble spake with more libertie and lesse patience then the Duke saying it was a new manner of Iustice neuer heard of seeing that of necessitie the controuersie must bee betwixt the captaine generall and his armie or
it is vsuall with the common people they desired innouations the which the King discouering did greatly trouble his minde finding himselfe to faile in that which he supposed shoulde haue bred him a quiet enioying of the realme He did appoint as it hath been saide before that his sister Marie widow to the Emperour Maximilian the seconde being then in Germanie shoulde come into Spaine with Margaret her daughter And although the discourse of her comming were diuers for that some supposed she shoulde remaine at Madrill with the kings daughters others that she should come into Portugall where the King woulde leaue her as Gouernesse of the realme to go vnto the States of Aragon whereunto he was called yet in the ende she came vnto Lisbone Notwithstanding whether the rumours of Fraunce increased by reason whereof the King woulde not depart or that it was not fitte that of an Empresse she shoulde become Gouernesse of a small realme the King for that time did not depart neither did she gouerne at all True it is that hauing resolued to leaue Cardinal Albert Arch Duke of Austria the Empresse son in the gouernment of the realme he beganne to acquaint him with the dispatch of affaires and hauing one day assembled the Councell of estate he saide vnto them that for that hee was burthened with the gouernment of many realmes whereof hee had the care hee desired somewhat to discharg himselfe and for this consideration hauing thought the saide Cardinall fitte for the gouernment of the saide realme of Portugal he would leaue the charge vnto him and therefore heereafter they should holde their Councell in his presence In this space the Portugals of the Terceraes within the city of Angra were in no small cōfusion for after they had imprisoned Iohn de Betancour walled vp the Iesuites within their College taken diuers ships and committed extortions vpon diuers Citizens which followed secretly the Catholique kings partie there grew among themselues some difficultie for that it seemed vnto many that Ciprian de Figueredo chiefe gouernour did not continue with that vehemence he had begun And as it happens to him that rules all the seditious did malice him so as vpon any smal matter they tooke occasion to slander him acuse him of infidelitie although the cause may only be imputed vnto him that this Iland was not obedient vnto King Philip by reason whereof being desirous in the beginning of winter to dismisse certaine ships which were there detained and likewise to deliuer the Iesuits from the prison wherein they were all the obseruers of his actions opposed themselues and chiefly the other religious men as those in that place being more seditious then the rest feared most and were most watchfull of the affaires so as hee that in a manner had beene absolute Lorde the people being nowe incensed against him hee founde that hee coulde no more execute those things which had beene before tolerable And although he laboured so as the ships were dismissed yet coulde hee not deliuer the Iesuits for hee must of force with greater rigor trie the peoples inconstancie and the distrust of Princes For hauing aduertised Anthony being in Fraunce of the estate of the Iland and of the authoritie that many tooke vpon them against him demaunding when hee woulde come into the realme adding withall that this Iland was ruined and that it coulde not long continue in this estate Anthony grew in iealousie of him furthered by the letters he had receiued from his enimies the which saide plainly that he was a traitor and therefore he resolued to sende from Fraunce vnto the gouernment of these Ilands Emanuel de Sylua whom he had newly made Counte of Toresuedras one of his chiefest fauorites who arriued there in March with as ample commission as might be giuen in that place and hauing dispossessed Figueredo from his charge he began with a barbarous tyrannie to molest both friends foes for the recouering of money Before his arriuall a shippe laden with meale departed from Angra with shew to go vnto Brazil the which being not farre from the Iland tooke her course for Lisbone Some supposed that this was a practise of Figueredos and that by this meanes by his letter hee had demaunded pardon of the Catholique King and offered to deliuer him the Iland aduising him what course to take for afterwards an other shippe departing from Lisbone it was knowne they not onely carried the kings letters to Figueredo but also to many of the better sorte the which tooke not the effect that was expected for the saide shippe arriued after the comming of Emanuel de Silua so as Figueredo being dispossessed of his place coulde not execute his practise if he had any such thing in hande During these stirres they made a slowe preparation at Lisbone for the Ilands for that the King was not yet well resolued to attempt it in the yeere 1582. his Councell varying in their opinions Some aduised him presently with all his power to force them alleaging that the longer he delaied it the more daungerous the enterprise would prooue for both the French and English who as it was saide were bounde thither woulde if they landed fortifie if they had time so as hardly afterwards they shoulde finde any entrance They did likewise weigh this enterprise with regard of honor saying that it was a thing of small reputation and dishonorable that so weake an Iland shoulde dare in the view of Spaine resist the forces of so great a King They shewed of how great consequence it was being as they saide seated in a place which was the onely refuge of all the ships which came from the east and west Indies and from all the new nauigations into Spaine for although there were other Ilands in this sea yet was there not any so commodious as this the rest being very vnfitte and if the French and English became masters thereof as it was to bee feared if they protracted time and lodged their armies there they might from thence encounter the ships of those nauigations the which by reason of their long voiage returne home wearie and torne and being of themselues indefensible spoile them to the great losse and dishonour of al Spaine They made the enterprise easie saying that besides that from Fraunce they had receiued no great prouision of armes and munition in the I le it selfe the greatest part of the Nobilitie and many other would obey the king but they were forced by the multitude and durst not discouer themselues yet when the Kings colours shoulde with a mightie armie be discouered there woulde appeere in a manner as many friends as enimies Others that were of a contrarie opinion said that this enterprise was woorthie of great consideration the which they ought not rashly to vndertake for attempting it aduisedly it was most assured but going to it hastely it were dangerous They shewed that the Iland was by nature verie strong by reason of
the yeere of our Lord 1466. Alphonse the fifth King of Portugal going into Fraunce to demaund succours of Lewis the eleuenth for the warres which he had against the Catholique King Ferdinand he obtained nothing at all but hauing spent some time in vaine returned home in dispaire But laying aside all olde examples it seemes that if the French should haue risen in fauour of Anthonie either to aide him sincerely or to vse him as an instrument to set footing in Portugall they might haue done it with better meanes in the yeere 1580. when possibly they might haue disquieted Philip in taking of possession or at the least kept him that yeere from passing the riuer of Tagus so as it seemed strange to see Fraunce send foorth so great an Army out of season in fauour of Anthonie a fugitiue But the estate of worldly affaires considered it seemes there are new reasons wherby the French should be more easily induced then they had beene then for to haue a brother to the King of Frannce in a manner to possesse the states of Flaunders and the Queene mother to pretend to the inheritance of the Realme of Portugall and to be mooued against Philip were all subiects to draw the French readie against this Realme and diuert the Spanish forces In this while the French army arriued at the Iland of Saint Michaell the fifteene of Iuly before the Spanish and drawing neere the village of Laguna there they cast anchor and landed aboute two thousand foote This Iland hath not aboue an hundred miles in circuit it is in forme so long and narrow that extending it selfe from East to West aboue fortie miles it hath not aboue twelue in breadth that part which looketh to the South is most fertill and best inhabited for towardes the North except one village which they call Riuiera the great there are fewe dwellings Vpon that part which is towardes the South beginning from the East and at the Cape which they call Morro running towards the West there are diuers habitations The first which is fiue and twentie miles from Morro they call Villa Franca wherein there are fiue hundred houses The second Acqua de Palo the third Laguna all smally peopled The fourth is the towne which they call Punta Delgada greater then the rest the which hath vpon the West a small Castle Betwixt these dwellings there runne into the sea some promontories the first before you come to Villa Franca is called Punta de Garza the second La Gallea betwixt the saide place and Acqua de Palo betwixt Laguna and the citie there are two others but lesse that is Pugnette and Teste de Chien At the point of Pugnette towardes Laguna as I haue saide the French landed and hauing spoiled the village they marched on to seeke for greater Pray A little before Ambrose D' Aguiar who had the place of Gouernour was deceased in the towne and although his wiues sonne would haue succeeded in the Gouernment yet it seemed that Peter Peixotto Captaine of the fiue ships was amongst the Portugals of greatest authoritie but Laurence Noghera a man of courage and valour was Captaine ouer the Spanish souldiers in that which concerned matters of warre All the inhabitants being fearefull had alreadie transported their wiues and goods vnto the mountaines and hauing discouered the Armie this feare increasing the towne remained emptie of all things The chiefe beeing assembled in counsell they resolued to run their ships on ground that the enimy might haue no vse of them and goe to field with their Spanish souldiers with the Biscayne marrines and such Portugals as would goe the which was not fully executed for the Biscaines would not suffer their ships to be broken and Peter Peixotto was vnwilling to haue his men defeated yet the souldiers put themselues in order to march against the French led by Noghera and Peixotto They had gathered togither aboue two thousand Portugals who with the Castillian souldiers and Biscaine mariners made neere three thousand but Laurence Noghera being doubtfull of the Portugals before their departure exhorted them with milde wordes to fight making shew of feare that they would abandon him but they made answere offering themselues with such willingnes and courage as he hoped to preuaile and therefore issuing foorth against the enemie he hoped to force them to retire The French drew neere vnto him but hauing intelligence by their auant courrers they resolued before they approched neerer to leaue the right way and goe to the citie and castle without fighting hoping to finde all vnfurnished for this cause hauing left the sea shoare they went more to land which being knowne to Noghera altering his course he went to encounter them The skirmish being begun when as the captaine hoped to vse his men hee saw his Portugals flie so as being vnable with his Castillians and Biscaines to withstande so great a force of the enimie he retired himselfe to the castell being wounded with the losse of some of his men where soone after hee died the remainder being in hope amongst the which the Bishop Peter de Castiglia behaued himselfe wisely to be able to defende themselues although they had more hope in the comming of the Catholique armie then in their forces Peter Peixotto although he were in credite amongst them yet fearing that all was lost stealing foorth by night with a carauell hee went to Lisbone to aduertise the Marquesse but it was not his happe to meete him yet was he for all this being a Portugall fauoured of the king There appeered at this time amongst the Ilands one of the Indian ships very rich yet the French were not so happie as to meete with it although it sailed almost in viewe of the Terceres for hauing intelligence by a French shippe of the occurrents of those parts hee left his right course and went to Cape Saint Vincent from thence to Lisbone in safetie The newes of these things which Peixotto brought to Lisbone did more confirme the hopes of the Anthonians then trouble the Castillians or their followers for those varied in their thoughts vpon euery small euent and to those who were more setled it seemed that hitherto the French had not onely done any thing of importance but contrarie to that which good soldiers ought to doe they had assailed this Iland For that it seemed their principal intention being to seaze vpon the Indian fleete or to cause a tumult within the realme they shoulde not busie themselues and spende time in any other action with small hope of gaine for that the Iland being weake and the towne without wals it was apparant that to be masters thereof with trouble were to labour in vaine for although they did subdue it yet the weakenesse and facilitie of landing will alwaies force them to obey whom soeuer shoulde bee master at sea besides they were in danger the Spanish fleete arriuing whilest they were troubled on lande their armie founde at
persons in number aboue three hundred The fight had continued fiue howers when as the French seeing their generall yeelded their Admirall lost two others sunke and many broken with artillerie they began to flie but the Marques by reason of the night pursued them not fearing for that they were better sailers he should not boord them and being separated hee should be forced to diuide his armie the which he would not willingly doe besides he should be constrained to leaue the gallion Saint Mathew behinde him in danger being vnable to sayle without tackling sailes and anchors the which the enemie had burnt and throwen into the sea There was one thing woorthie the obseruation that being within this gallion a Priest called Iohn de Iaem Chaplein vnto the Marshall of the fielde a man which had seene the warres during the fight being vnder the lowest decke of the gallion when he saw so much wilde fire cast by the French hearing their shot and finding the hurt the cannon did hee died onely of feare and amasement hauing receiued no wound The Spaniards recouered one of their carauels with horse which had beene taken and had taken more of their French ships if they could haue manned them with mariners to conduct them but for this cause the Admirall which was cast away abandoned and some others torne and abandoned by the French were not kept for this consideration the Marques burnt two which had been abandoned and some others ranne vpon the Iland In this battell the French lost seuen or eight of their best ships and there died in the fight aboue two thousand of their men with many hurt as for the Spaniards there died about two hundred and aboue fiue hundred wounded The Portugals pertisants vnto Anthonie say that the French fought not at all for that the Captaines were corrupted by King Philip and this opinion encreased for that after Anthonie caused Edward d' Castro to lose his head in the Iland supposing him to be the meanes thereof but they were deceiued for although that Castro had promised many things vnto the Kings ministers when as they deliuered him out of prison whereunto hee was committed when they tooke him flying out of Portugall yet could he neuer effect any but the cause of his death was for certaine practises begun after this defeate and for that he had committed murther vpon the person of Anthony Baraccio a deere friend vnto the said Prior and one of them that had proclaimed him King Behold the issue of the sea fight at the Ilands which possibly is one of the greatest that euer happened within the bounds of the Ocean for although in the Low-Countries there hath beene like factions in these last warres yet were they not truely within the Ocean but in chanels and riuers neere vnto the Ilands of Holland and Zealand rather at land then at sea But the issue hereof besides the greatnes of it was of more importance then euer any for besides that not onely the Realme of Portugall by this victorie remained settled but also all Spaine if the contrarie had fallen out all had beene full of confusion for that the French pursuing their victorie might with these forces their good fortune the presence of Anthony and the inclination of the people renue the warre in a suspended kingdome more dangerous for the Spaniards then euer seeing the great number of vnexpert Portugals vnited with so many French souldiers might giue them great hope of happie successe Anthony who remained in a small barke light and well furnished the day before the battaile when as they had resolued to fight although his whole fortune depended in a manner on this day not finding himselfe secure in this place retired with two other small barkes to the Terceres where in the citie of Angra they had prepared for him a sumptuous entrie with arches images and all triumphes commonly vsed at the ioyfull comming of Princes But deuining it may be the vnhappie successe these preparations seemed out of season for hauing forborne to passe to a bridge of woode which they had built onely for his comming whereby hee shoulde enter the streets that were garnished he landed farre from thence with small companie and more sorrow then ioy There did he howerly receiue sundry newes of the armie and by little and little he vnderstoode the successe thereof with an incredible griefe the which encreased the more by the intelligence giuen him of the death of Strozzi and the Earle and now caring for his safetie wauering in his thoughts hee knewe not howe to behaue himselfe in so rough an accident for although he relied much in the inhabitants of the Ilands and in the strength thereof seeming to be safe in this place yet feared he least the Marques pursuing his victorie should assaile him and that his men hauing their harts vanquished with this losse shoulde not be able to make resistance and therefore he enclined rather to abandon then defend it He was some what assured of this feare vpon the arriuall of seuenteene French and English ships to that place of those that had fledde from the battaile to repaire their hurts receiued to cure their wounded men and to take in water with these men he thought himselfe able to defende it yet had they all but fewe soldiers hauing in the battaile succoured the Counte of Brisack and Strozzi with all their men yet there arriued still more for at that time there returned but eighteene French ships into Fraunce with Brisack and fiue other English Mounsieur de Landes captaine of nine ships flying from the battaile went to Fayale where his soldiers began to spoile although it were not his meaning but hauing auoided the sacke retired to Angra yet for this cause they woulde not suffer him to enter or else that Anthony doubted his safetie The Marques as it is saide the day being ended resoluing not to pursue the enimie he drew neere to the Iland of Saint Michael to repaire his shippes to looke to his hurt men and to water but the winde being contrary woulde not suffer him keeping him three daies off at sea the fourth he drew neere to Villa Franca where he landed his hurt men and prouided what he needed the inhabitants of all parts of the Ile hauing yeelded their obedience The first of August Frauncis de Bouadilla landed with fowre companies of soldiers in the middest whereof vpon the sea shoare hee put all the French prisoners leading them to the market place of Villa Franca vnto a scaffolde built the height of a man where with a loude voice was read the sentence of the Marques whereby shewing that the Catholique King hauing peace with the most Christian King against the saide peace publikely sworne an armie of many aduenturers was come out of Fraunce in fauour of Anthony Prior of Crato with an intent to take the Catholique Kings fleete which he expected from the Indies and the new founde lands and
was ended He procured that the assemblie of Deputies for this effect shoulde not be called estates to the ende hee might take away all occasion of demaunding new things or to redemaund those which had beene required in the former estates and not graunted and therefore hee had contrarie to the custome sent into all places briefes of the procurations the Deputies should bring with them so drawne as they should not extend further then the swearing of the Prince and although it were so executed yet the estates did not forbeare especially he that was for the Deputies of the realme to reuiue the demaunds made at the estates helde at Tomar with some others and especially that it woulde please his Maiestie to shewe magnanimitie and clemencie in giuing a generall pardon to all such as were culpable of Anthonies offence saying it shoulde greatly profite and do little harme But whatsoeuer the cause was he neither satisfied them in this point nor in any other of importance He dispatched some Portugals which sought reward for although hee had giuen vnto many yet were they not content But notwithstanding all this care and diligence whether it were his faulte or his ministers or else the disposition of the suters or of all togither there remained many of them discontented part of them for that they were not recompenced and others for that they did not seeme to be recompenced according to their merits The Duke of Bragance at the assembly of the estates hoped to haue receiued recompence from the King which he supposed to haue deserued for although hee were rewarded yet was it not according to his expectation for aspiring to greater offices greater authoritie then he had it seemed the Kings wil was therein directly contrarie so as for that the recompences were small in regard of the greatnes of his hope they were not published but hee was suffered to replie that they might be after specified The Marques of Villa Real receiued likewise no contentment to his liking so as both remained ill satisfied and the Duke leauing the Court being long before sicke died soone after although the Portugals say that the griefe he conceiued of the weake recompence hee receiued from Philip hastened his daies The King at the time of his departure reformed the state of iustice publishing many newe lawes suffering the Portugals to attire themselues more freely with silke then other kings had done He made Cardinall Albert Archduke of Austria gouernour of the realme in his absence leauing him notwithstanding accompanied with three counsellors that is George d'Almada Archbishop of Lisbone Peter d'Ascasoua and Michael de Mora who was Secretorie of the realme newly created Notarie which they call of the puritie so great a charge as yet had neuer beene giuen but to the chiefest personages of the realme whereunto since the time of King Iohn the third that Michael de Silua Bishop of Viseu who was after Cardinall went to Rome in disgrace there was neuer any aduanced The King gaue procuration to the said Cardinall causing him to take an oath in the presence of the councell of State and of the magistrate of the Chamber of Lisbone to gouerne with iustice and to resigne him the realme at his returne The Empresse his sister who was to goe into Castill visiting first the Nunnes of the monasterie of Santos who may lawfully marrie she tooke foorth and carried with her Iulian d' Allan castro of the age of thirteene yeeres who by the decease of Maudlyn Girone her mother remained Dutchesse of Auero The Portugals were much grieued with this acte for although she said the King woulde prouide she should not marrie but with his liking yet notwithstanding she seemed to be rauished and manie feared that he woulde not marrie her in Castill When these things were ended the king departed the eleuenth of Februarie in the yeere 1583. the which greatly displeased the quiet and did glad the seditious for those feared least there shoulde grow some controuersie betwixt the people and the garrisons that the soldiers ill paied woulde mutine and that the Cardinals authoritie was not of such force as the kings presence to redresse it and contrariwise the rest hoped that the kings absence the small affection the people bare vnto them the oppression of the garrison and the great dearth woulde in the spring considering principally the army which was prepared in Fraunce minister matter of alteration although it now seemed that things succeeded in fauour of the kings intention hauing intelligence that in Flaunders the Duke of Alonçon seeking to assure himselfe of the citie of Anwerp wherein he was as Lord and Protector hauing his armie lodged thereabouts it had not succeeded for forcing of a gate and hauing drawne in three thousand French they were by the great valour of the Citizens repulsed and the one halfe slaine so as it seemed the Flemmings would no more trust the Duke but compound with the King Such Portugals as had receiued no answere to their demaunds doubted of all dispatch in the Kings absence but this feare was qualified by the opinion which they had conceiued that the Cardinall remaining gouernour they should be no lesse fauored by him then they had beene by the King himselfe albeit this hope soone vanished after the Kings departure for the Cardinall did not onely forbeare to vse the authoritie which hee seemed to haue left him but hee refused to signe the commaundements or other writings which concerned the affaires of the realme And although some beleeued that he had forborne to do it for that the king was yet vpon the way and not out of the realme vpon a respect of soueraigntie yet they were deceiued for the King being out of the realme he did not signe the which bred a great disdaine in the Portugals who pretended to holde the realme distinguished from that of Castill it seemed that this manner of gouernment which the king vsed from Madrill was a more strict vnion then they desired besides the troubles of their expeditions for the distance of the court And this disdaine was much augmented for that the king had placed in the councell of the reuenewes of the crowne which they terme d'Hazenda two counsellors Castillians of nation a doctor a merchant saying that it was vnseemely against their priuileges THE TENTH BOOKE The Contents of the tenth Booke In this last Booke is contained the death of Sanches d'Auila The sacke of the Ilands of Cape Vert The carriage of Emanuel de Silua Gouernour of the Terceres The preparatiō of king Philip to force the said Ilands The succours sent thither from Fraunce The fortification and the garrison The departure of the armie from Lisbone The description of the Iland of Terceres The arriuall there of the Spanish armie The assault skirmishes and taking of the Iland The yeelding of the French The taking of the Iland of Fayale and the obedience of all the rest How that Emanuel de Silua
lost his head and many others put to death And the returne of the armie to Andelouzia THE estate of the Realme after the Kings departure remained all that winter quiet and although the people had their mindes yet disquieted and some of the nobilitie not fully satisfied hauing left the kings court and the Cardinals likewise retyred themselues to their castles and houses yet no man durst shew any discontent The greatest part although they loued peace and desired the tranquillitie of the Realme yet were they in their hearts contented to see the Terceres make resistance and continue in the deuotion of Anthonie and the French supposing that whilest the King had any warres he would entreat them better and beare them more respect then they thought hee should doe if all were pacified neither preuailed it that the Portugalles were made much of in Castile and admitted neere the King as they had woonte to bee when hee was in Portugall nor yet that the saide King had it may bee to make the present gouernement conformeable to that was passed obtained from the Pope the authoritie of the Legate for the Cardinall euen as Henry enioied it the which bredde a great benefite to the realme for as it hapneth to passionate mindes they were not remooued from their opinion for the Cardinall being made Legate for two yeeres onely they feared that the time being expired they woulde take an occasion to recall him into Castill and so the Realme should be reduced into a prouince and that the king remaining at Madrill shoulde gouerne it At that time Sanches d'Auila died being stroke with a horse for that leauing chirurgerie he woulde be cured by a soldier with certaine blessings the which caused the Castillians to mourne for although he were but marshall generall of the fielde yet remaining after the death of the Duke of Alua of greatest knowledge amongst the Spaniards in the arte of warre there was not any man neere the Duke of Gandia of so great experience Hee was a man without feare and happie in warre esteemed by the Duke of Alua aboue all the soldiers of his time but this life which he had vnto his olde age so happily aduentured at the cannons mouth was nowe taken away by death vpon a small mischance In Fraunce it seemed that all the French were turned vnto the affaires of Flaunders affecting them more then Portugall and although there were an intent at the Priors instance to set foorth some ships of warre yet founde they therein coldenes and want of money whereby it appeered that whereas they attempted something it should not be to offend but rather to prouide for defence And although they had now intelligence that certaine French ships guided by the Portugals and especially by one Emanuel Serradas had inuaded the Ilands of Cape Vert and spoiled some part of them yet they made no account thereof vnderstanding they were but small barkes of pirates At the Terceres Emanuel de Silua was still gouernour who shewed himselfe an obstinate enimie to the Catholique King a faithfull minister to the Prior and a cruell persecutor of the Philippines Notwithstanding ill disposed of small iudgment and little experience With these his qualities he afflicted the poore people in diuers manners for the meanes which he inuented to borrow money to molest and condemne many persons were insupportable The pride arrogancie whereunto he was growen as it hapneth often in him that is not accustomed to commaund made him seeme inuincible and immortall the wrongs he committed were so infinite that iustice had lost her place the libertie his friendes and seruants tooke vpon them was without restraint the subiection and seruitude of those that did not flatter him was such as the slaues were more free I leaue the executions he committed vpon such as would haue compounded with the Catholique king and coulde not conceale their mindes for vsing many stratagemes to discouer their affections wherein as he founde any one lesse obstinate then himselfe hee was miserable being cruelly punished both in body and goods And for this occasion he caused manie to be slaine betraied by one Amador Vieira who hauing beene secretlie sent into this Iland by King Philip to continue his followers in their fidelitie to sounde the disposition of the people and to drawe all he coulde to his deuotion after he had wel executed his charge he reuealed vnto Silua such as had discouered themselues by whom they were miserablie afflicted And as tyrannie taught him he daily made newe ordinances and lawes in the name of Anthony the officers and ministers of iustice in the citie which were vsually chosen by voices he alone woulde haue the naming of them He was not onely contented to obserue those lawes which treated of high treason but also made a new lawe more seuere that such as did but talke of that matter shoulde suffer death and that such witnesses should serue although lesse in number then the auncient lawes had ordained He would haue the sentences in such cases registred by the Magistrate of the citie for a perpetuall memorie to all to terrifie and tyrannize the more There was within the Iland little aboue seauen hundreth French soldiers one onely company of English and about three thousand Portugals it was fortified on all partes where they might lande with aboue thirtie fortes and many trenches made with such arte and diligence as it seemed impossible to enter if they were guarded And although these thinges with the other qualities of the place made it vneasie to force yet Silua iudged it stronger then it was and did trust as a man of no experience more in the defenders then was conuenient In the meane time they prepared an armie for sea at Lisbone and assembled the Spanish soldiers to imploy them against this Iland vnder the command of the Marques of Saint a Croix being more in number both in ships and men then the yeere before besides there was speech to sende fowre galliasses and twelue galleies for which cause they shortned their yardes prouiding square sailes and of a thirde maste which they call the meane In Spaine there were diuers opinions concerning this armie making diuers discourses thereon both by worde and writing Such as were not to be imploied in this action to whom no part of the honour or praise did belong made it easie saying that the people were alreadie so wearied poore and oppressed by the garrisons as the armie should no sooner appeere but they woulde bee at the Kings deuotion And the cause why they did no sooner yeeld was the subiection wherein they were held and although they neither would nor coulde come to composition yet were they easie to force for the citie of Angra and all other places being dismantled and weake they had no other defence then the landing the which they supposed were impossible to hinder proouing by ancient and latter examples that in warre there was no meanes to stoppe
made by Arte he resolued with the aduise of the greatest part to bring his armie thither vpon Saint Annes day in the morning being the sixe and twentith of the saide moneth happily by reason of the victorie the yeere before sending in the meane time his galleies and other small barks by night by day to keepe the enimies in Allarum at diuers places but most of all at Piaggia thereby to disquiet them and to draw them thither In the meane time within the Iland both Mounsieur de Chattes and Emanuel de Sylua laboured to deuide the souldiers and munition into their seuerall places appointing the greatest force at Piaggia supposing the Marques would lande there as most conuenient Sylua although in show he seemed conceited of his forces yet had he prouided a great barke readie within the port and some boates at Altary to flie if he found it needfull Chattes was not yet satisfied for although he had men sufficient to kepe a great towne yet hee held them few for the defence of an Iland with thirtie forts the one so farre from the other as the first could not succour the last nor yet that in the middest as well for the distance of the way as also for the discommoditie and roughnes of their situation He thought it conuenient to haue a squadron of men so placed as vpon any accident he might succour where need required the which could not be effected for there were so many forts and trenches to guarde that hauing diuided his souldiers but sparingly there remained none but rather wanted He found also that hauing sufficient for that purpose he had no conuenient place to lodge them and to succour any place distressed for that placing himselfe in the middest hee were too farre from all quarters and approching to any fort it were impossible to succour the rest To prouide for those defects according to that which was possible they set certaine bels vpon the hils that the sound thereof might be a signe of succour and such as were not charged in their fortes and trenches shoulde repaire thither The Marques hauing now chosen out of his armie 4500. of his best foote amongst which was a good number of the Germanes the Italians and the companie of Portugals the regiment of Lopo de Figueroa and Augustin Inighez the night before the sixe and twentith day he imbarqued them vpon his galleies and in many other small barkes being the greatest calme that was euer and hauing giuen the allarum in many other places with greater vehemencie then before he went towards port Mole giuing order that soone after the whole armie should follow He arriued there at the point of day not being in a manner discouered by the Ilanders for that the darkenes of the night had couered them where he found they had three forts with their trenches and artillerie but ill furnished with soldiers As the galleies approched they often discharged all their artillerie against the defences to the ende that at the same instant the souldiers might more safely land the which caused more terror then hurt although they dismounted one piece of artillerie which the enemy had often discharged And although they shot often from the forts and that the place was naturally vneasie and full of rocks where their discent was broken yet these nations one in enuie of another contemning all perill lept to lande and he that could not easily attaine thereunto cast himselfe willingly into the sea for more haste although the ground vpon the shore were soft and those fewe Portugals which were there were not the last but in the point shewing greatest courage There was within the forte whither these men marched three ensignes of souldiers whereof two were Portugals and one French which made in all but two hundred men against whom all these souldiers marched running furiously without order to the assault for that the seat and the neernes of the enemy gaue them neither place nor time to put themselues in order The French resisted valiantly but for that they were fewe preuailed little In the beginning they slew a Captaine and an ensigne bearer of them without with fiue and twentie or thirtie other souldiers but some within being wounded the Captaine of the French slaine one of the cōpanies of Portugals left the defence where they had a litle but fearfully fought The other company which remained made some more resistance but hearing the bels ring no succors come seeing also some of their friēds dying they abandoned the trench so as the French remaining all alone some of them being already dead they were not able to make resistance against so many assailants so as in lesse then an hower the Marques men were masters of those forts trēches with small losse The newes of this assault being bruted throughout the Iland the French the greatest part whereof remained towards Piaggia hearing the sounde of the bels and viewing the signes of fire ranne to the succour and were followed by Emanuel de Silua with many Portugals But the way was so long and vneasie hauing fower or fiue miles to march that they were not come halfe way before the enimies were masters of the fortes and trenches so as hauing made a stande vpon a little hill neere vnto Saint Sebastian they put themselues in order to march against the Castillians But on the other side the rest of the armie during this assault landed being mounted to a small hill they framed a confused squadron of all nations togither for the more dispatch and to be readie against the succours that came but there was small need for the French and Portugals would not approch and such as had abandoned the trenches turned not vntill they were ioined to the rest So as the Marques hauing more respite then he expected changed his esquadron into a new forme deuiding euery nation and hauing marched a little forward they began the skirmish on both sides with great courage and fortune after her accustomed manner did long plaie her part For although the French were so fewe in number yet they did twise recouer from the Spaniards their first rampiers at the third time they came to the second But the Marques finding that the want of pikes was cause of this disorder hauing placed some Germaines and encreased his strength against the French they did better withstande their furie the which notwithstanding continued not long for being noone before that Emanuel de Silua had made prouision of victuals they were so wearied with the watches of the last night with the way they had marched and with fasting that they coulde not continue yet the skirmish lasted sometimes with more vehemencie sometimes with lesse vntill night Neere vnto them the Portugals had gathered together aboue a thousand oxen thinking to force them against the enimie to breake them and to make proofe of that which they had tried two yeeres past against Peter de Baldes his men but Chattes did
with him This letter in some sort pleased the Marques being in hope to come to agreement to remaine an absolute cōquerour without effusion of more bloud before the sea shoulde grow more rough But this demaund seemed vnto him vnreasonable refusing to heare talke of any Portugals to be transported into Fraūce Amongst the principal of the armie there were diuers opinions what should be done Some would presently haue marched against the French men to winne time charge them without any further accord or condition what soeuer Others discoursed with greater iudgemēt saying that it was conuenient to make an agreement with the French both for the shortnes of the time they coulde staie there as for the difficultie they shoulde finde to goe vnto them for they made an account to spende fiue daies in that enterprise two in their march one at the least in conquering and two in retiring and that they had no commoditie in the armie to carrie victuals by land for aboue two daies wanting waggons bottles and such other necessaries But these difficulties were surmou nted by the courage of the soldiers who growen proud could not endure that so small a handful of French being so neere shoulde make shewe to defende themselues against so great a number of old soldiers and conquerors whereupon they did offer to endure all discommodities to go vnto them And although he were not resolued to do so yet this Brauado caused the enimies to haue straighter conditions then otherwise possibly they had had the which after long treatie was thus concluded That the French shoulde deliuer vp their armes and ensignes retaining onely their swordes that they shoulde bee lodged in a quarter of the towne that they shoulde giue them shippes and victuals to returne into Fraunce The accorde was no sooner made but it was put in execution for the thirde of August the French came from the mountaine and without the citie deliuered vp their armes with eighteene ensignes their drums and phifes as it had beene agreed and entred disarmed into the citie passing thorough the Marquesses troupes which were armed and in guard where the commaunder Chattes with the Lorde of Carrauaca marshall of the field and other principall officers did visite the Marques by whom they were kindly enterteined In this time the galleies and other vessels were arriued at Faiall with the men that Peter de Toledo carried and passing with them Gonçalo Perera a Portugall who had wife and children in this Iland the saide Peter thought it good to send him before as a trumpet to entreat the people to yeeld supposing that being of that conntrey he shoulde haue credite amongst them to let them vnderstand the Kings forces and the dangers that approched to the ende they might the more easilie yeelde obedience But Anthony Guedez de Sosa who was captaine of this Iland neither respecting the messenger nor the reasons which he deliuered nor yet regarding the example of his stronger neighbors hauing outraged him both in worde and deed in the ende he slewe him as if in giuing him this notice he had touched him in his honour Peter de Toledo seeing the messenger not returne surmising what had hapned resolued to disimbarke his men and finding the Iland not so rockie and lesse fortified then the Terceres the second of August he landed his men almost without resistance and marching against the towne he was encountred by fower hundreth French and many Portugals where the skirmish began the which encreasing the French and Portugals were faine to retire into a small castel whereinto they had drawen the greatest parte of their artillerie and munition where after they yeelded in the same manner as those at the Terceres had done and Sosa suffered the punishment of his inhumanitie being hanged by one arme after his hands were cut off It is strange to see the confidence of these men the which nothing terrified by examples did induce them to cruell excesse and yet did not force them to fight it out vnto death but the Portugals vnexperienced do not account of dangers they see not and when they see them they feare them more then they are to bee feared There was no more to be done in this iland so as hauing spoiled it leauing Anthony of Portugall for Gouernour with two hundreth soldiers Peter de Toledo returned with his galleies and other ships to the Terceres where the rest of the Ilands of Saint George Pico and Gratiosa came to yeeld their obedience The Marques hauing agreed with the French caused a diligent search to be made for Emanuel de Silua who intituled himselfe counte of Torres Vedras Gouernour and Generall of the Ilands but being retired to Altary and finding that such as had the charge of certaine boates in whom fortune had more force then loialtie had broken them against the rockes hee founde all hope vaine for his safetie hauing no meanes to free himselfe by the French composition being attired in a base habite hee hidde himselfe in the mountaines But it seemed the heauens had decreed he should suffer punishment for his offences by the hands of his enimies for that a moorish slaue who hoped by that meanes to saue himselfe discouered him to a Prouost marshall who seeing him before his eies knewe not what he was so as hauing taken and brought him to the citie he was kept with some other of the principall rebels and seditious vntill the processe of their death were made by the auditour in the name of the King and the Marques as generall of the armie specifying all their faults that were executed vpon the prisoners The Germaines first put themselues in battaile in the chiefest part of Angra keeping the entrie of euery streete and there causing a fire to be made they did burne all the money they founde to be stamped with the coine of Anthony the which although it was not little in quantitie yet was it nothing woorth being for the most part of base mettall with small mixture of siluer After they cutte off Emanuel de Silua his head with a sworde after the Germaine fashion to the generall griefe of all the assistants For being of a louely countenance and hauing in this last houre with great resolution confessed himselfe culpable and to haue deserued this punishment hee demaunded pardon of one after another of all such as present or absent he thought to haue wronged saying that he alone had bin the cause of the miserie of this Iland that he alone ought to suffer the punishment the which ioined to the contrition he shewed did mooue the harts euen of his enimies And in truth we may well saie that he framed himselfe to the speech of Dionysius the tyrant that to leaue a tyrannie they must not ride poast but staie vntill they be forced for in truth he attended vntill hee lost his head His head was set vp publikely in that place from the which that of Melchior Alphonso
the rocke of Saint Iulian 202. his answere to Anthonie 205. his speech to his souldiers 212. the order of his armie ibid. blamed for slacknes 218. his prayses 220. blamed and his excuses 223. his souldiers complaine 245. his death with his prayse and dispraise 300 E EDward de Castro beheaded by Anthonie 292 Eluas taken 155 Emanuel de Silua staies at the Terceres 298. his carriage there 307. his flight hindred 318. taken and executed with others 323 Empresse Marie comes to Lisbone 271 Estates at Almerin 109. begon by the Bishop of Leiria 110 Estate of Fraunce and Flaunders 265 Euora yeelded 175 F FActions in Oliuenza 161 Feare in the citie of Lisbone 207 Flight of Teglio 167 Figueroa arriues at the Terceres and returnes to Lisbone 263 Fonsequa his speech for the creation of Anthonie 165 Fortresse of Settuuall yeelded 184 Francis de Tauora slaine in the battaile pag. 48 Francis de Melo Earle of Tentuguell writes to king Sebastian 18 Francis Barretto sent by the Portugals to the French king for succors 139 Francis de Valois Duke of Alanson enimy to king Philip and why 266. sworne Duke of Brabant 268. seeks to be master of Antwerpe but in vaine 305 Francis de Villafagna Auditor of the Councell of state sent to Lisbone by king Philip 244 French armie arriues at S. Michaels 280. their first encounter 282. they disagree 288. they are beheaded and hanged 295. displeased with their ouerthrowe 299. they spoile the Ilands of Cape Vert 307. they compound with the Spaniards at the Terceres 320. sent to the gallies 324 G GAllies arriue at the Terceres in safetie 312 Generals ship of the French taken by the Spaniards 291 George de Meneses generall at sea imprisoned by Anthonies command pag. 186 Gouernors of Portugal published 99. they prepare for defence 132. their inconstancie 148. they neglect the defence of Lisbone 163. they flie from Settuuall 168. their decree 178 H HAmet proclaimed by the Moores 52. his couetousnes 53 Henry Cardinall called to the crowne of Portugal 55. sworne king 57. his resolution comming to the crowne 64. he fauors the Dutchesse of Bragance 76. he desires to marrie 80. his sentence against the Prior touching his legitimation 87. he changeth his minde in fauour of Philip 97. he falleth sicke and dies 116. his life 117 Henry Pereira hanged 198 Hopes of the French armie at sea with Strozzi 278 Hope of the Spanish court touching their armie at sea 279 I IEan de Betancour affected to Philip pag. 256 Ieron Mendoza treats with Anthonie 260 Iesuits called Apostles in Portugall not able to redresse the corruptions of the Portugals 9. blamed as moters of Sebastians voiage into Africke II. walled vp at the Terceres 243 Iohn de Silua Ambassadour for Philip in Portugall deliuered and returns out of Africke 74. he labours to be sent backe into Portugall 82 Iohn d'Austria gouernoūr of Flaunders for king Philip 23 Iohn d'Azeuedo admirall of Portugall taken prisoner by the Castillians 176 Iland of the Terceres described 313 Iland of Saint Michael described 280 Inhabitants of Fayall kill a trumpetter that was sent vnto them 322. are taken 323 Irishmen demaund succours of the Pope against their Prince 27 L LAwes made betweene Mahumet Cheriffe and Hamet his brother touching the succession of the realme 14 Legate visites the king 192 Leon Henriquez Confessor to Henrie supposed to haue drawne him to fauour Philips title 98 Letters and a present from the Duke of Alua to king Sebastian 38 Lewes Dataide Cont of Toghia sent Viceroie to the Indies by Sebastian 25. obeies king Philip 262 Lisbone chiefe citie of Portugall 3 yeeldes to the Duke of Alua 217 sweares obedience to Philip 221 Lucciali comes to Algier with seuenty gallies 265 M MAgistrate of Lisbone perswades Anthony to compound 208. Mahamet sonne to Abdala kils his vncle 14. is expelled by his vncle Moluc and seekes for succour of Philip and Sebastian 15. disswades Sebastian to go in person into Africk 26. despeares of the victory 36. disswades the battaile 41. is drowned in Mucazen 51. his skinne fleied off 53 Manner of the enterprise of Portugal pag. 132 Marques of Saint Cruz arriues at Settuuall with an armie by sea 183. he imbarkes for the Terceres 277. he resolues to fight with the French and the order of his battaile 285. he defeats them and giueth sentence against the prisoners 294 he landeth some men at the Terceres 316 his skirmish with the French 317. taketh S. Sebastian 319. sends to Faiall 320 Martin Gonsalues sent to the deputies of the realme 118 Messenger sent to Cardinall Henrie from king Philip 55 Meneses blamed and his excuses 195 Mulei Moluc prepares against the Portugals 31. his meanes to defeat them 34. his aduise to the king of Portugal 36. his speech to his brother 38. his armie 39. the ordering thereof 42. his oration to his soldiers 43. his feare and death 47 Mutinie at Coimbra 112 N NAmes of the chiefe men slaine in the bataile of Africke 52 Number of the Christians Moores slaine in the battaile ibid. Number slaine in the battaile at Alcantara 218 Number slaine in the battaile at sea pag. 293 O OFfer made by Moluc to the kings of Spaine and Portugall 31 Oliuenza yeelded to the Catholique king 158 Opinions touching the passage of the riuer of Tagus 192 Order of the Portugals and Moores armie 41 42 Originall of the hatred betwixt the Portugals and Castillians 5 P PArleament at Tomar 248 Peiyoxto sent to Saint Michaels fought with by French ships 276 Peter d'Alcasoua sent ambassadour to Philip 16 punished by Henry and the cause 64 Peter de Medici generall of the Italians 134 Peter Dora Consul of the French sent into Fraunce for Anthonie 178 he remaines there with the money he receiued 188 Peter de Toledo landes at Faiall and spoiles it 322 Philip king of Spaine meetes with Sebastian at Guadalupa 15 perswades him to accept of Molucs offer 20. labors to diuert Sebastian from Africke 24. accepts peace Sebastians bodie 56. claimes the crowne of Portugal 61. writes to the city of Lisbone 72. sendes a Iacobin into Portugall 80. erects a councell for the affaires of Portugal 81. his reasōs against the other pretēdents 81 his reasons for his pretētion 81. he giueth Henry notice of his right 91. he prepares to war against the Portugals 92. his care to assure his conscience for the realme of Portugall 126. his answere to the Portugals 144. he takes possession of the realme 152. his armie is wasted 153. his letters to the inhabitants of Eluas 156. his letters to Anthonie 159. proclaimed at Oliuenza 162. his answer to the Duke of Bragance 171. his pardon to the Portugals 201. he falleth sick 221. he enters into Portugall by Eluas 238. he visits the Dutchesse of Bragance 247. sworne king at Toruas with the prince Diego 248. his entrie into Lisbone 253. his recompence to the Portugals 270. he prepares against the Terceres 273. he
armes in all places and the cause thereof 274. his order in preparing 275. he departs from Portugall 304. his armie departs from Lisbone 312. arriues at the Terceres and their proceeding 314 Plague in Portugall 108 Places fortified by the Portugals 140 Portugals conquests at the Indies 4. they prepare for the warre of Africke 25. their armie landes in Africke and their proceedings 30. the qualitie of their armie 37. their conceite to fight 39. the order of their battaile 40. their aduantage of the Moores 41. their armie at sea returnes to Lisbone 54. their sorrow 56. their ceremonie in bewailing their king dead 58. they pretend election of their king 62. their demands 66. their reasons for the election 84. they complaine of king Henrie 85. their discourse vpon the estate of the realme 101. they answere the Castillians 106. they disagree with them 229. they are discontented 252. they abandon the French 319. their ships are spoiled 320 Pope pretends election 63 Pope Gregorie the xiij his offer to the Catholike king 98. he fauours Anthonie 190 his offer against England 243. seemes content with the successe of Portugall 251 Porto yeelded 236 Preparations at the Terceres 264 Preparations of the French for the Tercerâ—â— 269 Prince of Orange wounded by a Biscaine 269 Pretendants to the crowne of Portugall and their descent 60. cited to declare their reasons 80 Prosper Colonna Colonell of the Italians 134. he passeth the bridge defended by the Portugals 215 Q QVeene mother of France pretends to the crowne of Portugal 62. her reasons for it â—â— shee is discontented with Philip and the cause 67 Question whether the Catholic king should goe in person with his armie 152 Queene Anne died 238 R REason of the Portugals by way of discourse touching their future King 66 Reasons and grounds of king Philip to the realme of Portugal 67. examined by diuines 126 Regencie of the Gouernours 118 Religious men diuided into factions 200. they holde militarie charges 180. and keepe the keies of Lisbon pag. 208 Resolution of Gonsalues charge 119 S SAint Arem yeeldes obedience pag. 222 Sanches d' Auila Marshall generall of the Spanish camp 134. he is sent against Anthonie 227. he passeth the riuer of Doro at Auintes 232 his speech to his soldiers ibid. his stratageme to passe the riuer 234. hee dies 307 Sebastian king of Portugal his life 10. his first voyage into Africke 11. his enteruiew with Philip at Guadalupe 15. hee is perswaded to make war in Africke by Mahamet ibid. lands his armie at Arzille 30. hee fights valiantly and is vanquished 50. he is slaine by the Moores and carried to Molucs tent 51. his funerals at Madril 66. his obsequies with the Princes of Portugall 302 Settuuall taken 182 Summarie of an oration made at the assembly of Estates 77 Sosa Deputie of Lisbon his answere pag. 111 Spaniards discourse vpon the Cardinals legation 191 Spanish souldiers discontented with the sentence giuen against the French prisoners 295. they intreat for them ibid. Spaniards discourse vpon the enterprise of the Terceres 309 Stratagem with oxen diuised by a religious man 257 Stremos taken 175 Strozzi slaine 291 Suburbes of Lisbon spoiled 217 T TErceres 227. the description thereof 239 the resolution of the inhabitants 241. their confusion 272 Testament of King Henrie 123 Thomas Stukley an Englishman with 600. Italians serues King Sebastian pag. 27 Tower of Belem yeelded 210 Tower of Settuuall taken 184 Treatie of accord betwixt King Philip and Anthonie by the meanes of Carcamo a Castillian 204 V VAlour of the Italians and Spaniards 49 Valour of King Sebastian 50 Viana taken 237 Villauisosa surprised 173 Vniuersitie of Coimbra 250 W WOmen at Lisbon arme like souldiers 178 FINIS The description of Lisbone The Portugals conquests * Of good hope * Of good hope The life of king Sebastian Sebastians first voyage into Affrick Sebastians enteruiew with Phillip at Guadalupa Preparation for the war of Affrick Preparation for the second voyage of Affricke The second voyage of Sebastian with his armie into Affricke The arriuing of the Portugall armie in Affrick and their proceedings A light skirmish of the Moores against the Portugals The meanes of Moluc to defeat the Portugals The counsell and resolution of the Portugals to enter into the maine land of Affricke The Counts of Vimioso seconded the des gnes of the King of Portugall The aduise of Lewis de Silua concerning this voyage The counsell of Mulei Mahamet to the King of Portugall The Armie of the Portugals and their quality The arriuall of Aldana in the Portugall campe Letters and a Present from the Duke of Alua to the King of Portugall Molucs speech to his brother The qualitie of Molucs armie The conceit of the Portugall to fight The order of the Portugals armie The disposition of Molucs Armie Molucs Oration to his Armie The beginning of the battell The Portugals haue the aduantage of the Moores Molucs feare Molucs death The Arabians spoile their friends Frauncis de Tauora slain in the battaile The death of the Duke of Auero and of Aldana and the imprisonment of the Prior. The King of Portugall fights valiantly but is vanquished The King slaine by the Moores and carried to Molucs tent Mulei Mahamet drowned Hamet proclaimed king of the Moores A battaile famous by the death of three Kings The names of the chiefe slaine in the battaile The couetousnes of Hamet The Portugals armie at sea returnes to Lisbone A message sent to the Cardinall Henrie by the Catholique king An embasage from Hamet to the Catholique king The Portugals sorrow Cardinall Henrie swerne King of Portugal The ceremonie of the Portugals in bewailing their King dead The ceremonie of the Portugals in swearing their King The descent of the pretendants to the Crowne of Portugall * Of fower Crownes The pretendents to the Crowne of Portugall The King of Spaine The Duke of Bragance The Prince of Parma Anthonie Prior of Crato The Duke of Sauoy The people of Portugall The Queene mother of Fraunce The Pope pretends the election The deliberations of King Henry at his comming to the Crowne Peter d' Alcasoua in disgrace with King Henry Sebastians obsequies at Madrill The discord that fell out for that one said Philip did preceade Henrie The demands of the people of Portugall Councell vpon the Embassage the King sent to Henry The Duke of Ossuna sent to Henrie The imprisonment of the Duke of Alua and the cause Philips letters to the citie of Lisbone The deliuerance and returne of Iohn de Silna Embassador for Philip in Portugall The Duke of Ossuna arriues in Portugall and his proceedings King Henry inclined to the pretence of the Duches of Bragance The States of Portugall at Lisbone A summarie of the Oration made at the assemblie of the estates An Embassador chosen to goe to Rome to obtaine dispensation for Henrie to marrie The nomination of 5. gouernors of the iudges of the succession The oath to obey the elected Gouernours
to his soldiers The stratagem of Auila to passe the riuer The oration of Anthony to his soldiers The flight of Anthony to Viana The flight of the Portugals The citie of Porto yeelded The taking of Viana Anthonie saues himselfe on the other side of the riuer Minio in danger to be taken The death of Queene Anne The King enters into Portugall by the citie of Eluas The description of the Ilands of Terceraes and the inhabitants thereof The resolution of the inhabitants of Terceraes The Iesuits walled vp at the Terceraes The Popes offer against England The complaint of the Dukes soldiers The auditor of Gallicia sent to Auilas campe The Councell of the Kings chamber The King visites the Duchesse of Bragance The King sworne at Tomar and the Prince Diego The kings pardon to the Portugals The beginning of the parliament at Tomar The demands of the Estates Touching the Vniuersitie of Coimbra The Pope seemes content with the successe of Portugall The Portugals animated and wherefore The Kings entrie to Lisbone The speech of the Magistrate of Lisbone to the king The Portugals discontented The councell of state of Portugall reduced vnto two Baldes attempt vpon the Terceraes The preparation of them of Angra against Baldes Iohn de Betancour affect to the King A stratagem with oxen made by a religious man The ill successe of Baldes soldiers The crueltie of those of Tercera The defeate of Baldes is preiudiciall vnto the king The Priors good fortune Ierom Mendoza treateth an agreement with the Prior. Anthonie arriues at Caleis The Indian fleete expected and the discourse of their arriuall The Indian fleete met with a French ship neere the Terceres The diligence of Anthony to haue the fleete The fleete arrtues at Lisbone The arriuall of Figueroa at the Terceres and his returne to Lisbone Baldes imprisoned in Portugall The preparation of them of Terceres A miracle performed by the Iesits The estate of Fraunce and Flaunders The Queene of Fraunce discontented with Philip and the cause The Duke of Alancon sworn Duke of Brabant Preparation of the french against the Terceres The Prince of Orenge wounded by a Biscaine The kings recompence to the Portugals The Empresse Mary comes to Lisbone The Cardinall of Austria made Gouernour of Portugal The Terceres in confusion The cariage of Emanuel de Sylua at the Terceres The preparation at Lisbone against the Terceres and the aduise vpon this enterprise The Catholique King armes in all places and the cause The kings order in preparing Peixotto sent to Saint Michaels fought with by certaine French ships The Marquesse of Saint Cruze embarkes for the Terceres The hopes of the French armie at sea with Strozzi The hopes of the Court of Spaine touching the Armie at sea The arriuall of the French ar mie at the Ilande of Saint Michael and the description thereof Or the dogs head The death of Ambrose D Aguiar The first encounter of the French The arriuall of the Spanish armie at the Ilands The Marques resolues to fight The Marques order for his battell The Marques gets the wind of the French armie The French disagree The beginning of the fight at sea Mounsier Brisac flies The death of Strozzi and of the Count Vimioso Apriest dies for feare The number of the dead in the battel Edward de Castro beheaded by Anthonie Anthony his voyage to the Terceres and his atchieuements there The sentence of the Marques against the French prisoners The Spaniards discontented with the sentence and the reason The Spanish soldiers entreat for the French The French beheaded and hanged * A kinde of small ship The carriage of Anthonie after the sea fight The departure of Anthonie for Fraunce Emanuell de Silua staies at the Terceres The French displeased at their ouerthrow The amplification of pardon towards the Portugals The death of Duke of Alua his commendation The blames of the Duke of Alua. The obsequies of Sebastian and other Princes Portugals A reformation of the Kalendar A new assembly of estates at Lisbone where the prince Philip was sworne Cardinall Albert made gouernour of Portugall The kings departure from Portugall The death of Auila The French spoile the Ilands of Cape Vert. The carriage of Silua at the Terceres The Kings preparation against the Terceraes The discourse in Spaine vpon this enterprise Mounsieur de Chattes sent to succour the Iland A discourse betweene Chattes and Silua vpon the strength of the Iland The kings armie departs from Lisbone The description of the Terceres The arriual of the kings army at the Terceres and their proceedings The diligence of the Ilanders for their defence The landing of some of the Marques his men The first assault giuen by the Marques his men The second landing of the Marques with his men and their skirmish against the French Silua his flight hindred The Portugals abandon the French The Marques takes S. Sebastian Angra put to be spoiled three daies The Portugall shippes spoiled The Marques sends to Fayall The French compound with the Spaniards The condition of the accorde Chattes doth visite the Marques They of Faiall kill a trumpet that was sent vnto them The landing of Peter de Toledo at Fatal and the sacke thereof Anthony Guedez de Sosa hanged by the arme and wherefore Emanuel de Silua taken and executed with others The French men sent to the galleies
imploy him nor to choose any other in his place The Duke vnderstanding of the Kings recouerie leauing the care of the Ilands to him that had it would no longer delay to send against the Prior and although the time was vnfitte yet the xxij of September he dispatched Sanches d' Auila into those parts with fower thousand foote and sower hundreth horse who marched directly towards Coimbra but vnderstanding soone after that many of his soldiers died by the way that many fledde into Castil and that with great difficultie by reason of the great aboundance of raine he shoulde conduct fower peeces of artillerie the Duke sent after him other fifteene hundreth foote vnder Diego de Cordoua and prouided shipping to sende the cannon by sea Sanches d' Auila tooke his first lodging at Loures from thence he marched to Torrez Vedras where hauing broken one of his carriages he was forced to leaue a peece of artillerie there from thence he went directly to Coimbra passing by Gibarotta where hee did see the spoiles of that famous victorie which the Portugals had against the Castillians from thence hee sent two companies of horse to Coimbra the which vntill they had discouered them woulde not yeeld their obedience yet vpon view of the horse they mette them with the keies of the citie and Emanuel de Sosa Pacheco commissarie general of the campe entred to receiue their allegeance The Prior hauing newes of these things at Auero woulde not attende Sanches d' Auila remaining in suspence whether he shoulde imbarque himselfe and abandon the realme but hauing receiued letters from some of Porto who promised to obey him he marched thither wardes with all the troupes he could make whereof hauing yet made no mention being a place of importance we will digresse a little to reporte the estate thereof during these troubles The inhabitants thereof doe account themselues the wisest amongst the Portugals who hearing the Catholique king began to arme and that the Gouernours did rule sent to court demaunding armes and munition for their defence if neede were But their Embassadors arriuing at Almeryn they founde the Gouernours were retired to Settuual and that the Prior was proclaimed king so as the Embassage they had in charge to impart to the Gouernors they deliuered to the newe King without warrant from their superiors who gaue vnto them such artillerie and munition as they required The Embassadors being returned therewith to Porto there grew a diuision amongst the Citizens for some affected vnto Anthony approoued the Embassage others being more seuere said that being sent to the Gouernors and deliuering their Embassage to the Prior they were woorthy of blame So as one part woulde receiue the munition and artillerie and vse it at their neede saying that they shoulde receiue it although it came from their enimies the rest woulde by no meanes accept it seeming that thereby they did acknowledge him for king and make themselues suspect to the Catholique king the which they woulde by no meanes do but entertaine themselues as newters and lookers on but the pluralitie of voices refusing to accept the armes the Embassadors by the aduise of Pantaleon de Sada Ferrant Nunes Barretto and Iohn Rodrigo de Sada who were the most famous men that gouerned the citie left the artillerie and munition within the castell of Fiera a little from thence leauing the citie vnfurnished But the Duke disimbarking at Cascaies before the battaile of Alcantara they sent to yeeld their obedience When as the Prior came into these quarters he seazed on this artillery and munition and therewith battered Auero from thence he went to Porto where although some had giuen out most slaunderous speeches against him so as it was likely they woulde haue no agreement nor conuention with him yet the greatest part enclined to obey him hee was ioyfully receiued of all vnder a cannapie and Pantaleon de Sada with his companions foreseeing the humour of the people without seeking of any remedie excusing themselues if they were not obeied woulde not stay there but imbarking themselues in a carauell they went into Gallicia and from thence to Lisbone The Prior staied tenne daies in this citie spoiling some priuate mens houses that were his enimies he tooke sugars and other merchandise from the merchants and sent them into Fraunce hee demaunded to borrow one hundreth thousand duckats of the people and being aduertised that Sanches d' Auila approched and that Coimbra Mounte Maior and some other places had deliuered vp their keies he sent the Bishop of Guarda to Viana and to Ponte de Lima to assemble more forces and to stoppe the passage of the riuer The Duke of Alua was now at Lisbone with a troubled mind for seeing the Portugals become more insolent then before to disagree with the Castillians he had no authoritie frō the king to punish them or to do such execution as was conuenient and had beene accustomed to do in other places that the Prior yet kept the field with his forces that daily there grewe quarrels within the citie betwixt the Castillians and the Portugals and that the nations were so incensed one against an other that it was to be feared it would breede some great disorder And although the Castillians had expresse order to endure all things yet had they not the patience For this manner of the Dukes proceeding misconstrued by the Portugals to proceed from feare growing daily more proud they forced the Castillians to quarrel with great discourtesie For redresse whereof the Duke hauing somewhat fortified the castell which is seated vpon a small hill neere the citie a most auncient building drew thither the greatest number of his soldiers artillery victuals and munition taking them from the guard of the citie gates where they grewe odious by meanes whereof he was more assured and lesse hatefull and the Portugals choler somewhat qualified At this time Sanches d' Auila approched neere to Auero where hee was mette without the wals by the principall of the citie who wept for ioy but chiefly amongst the rest such most reioiced as had beene kept in prison in danger to loose their liues for resisting the Prior. Hauing there receiued the oath of fidelitie from the Magistrate vnderstanding that Anthony was gone to Porto hee followed after desirous to encounter him with all the speede he could Diego de Cordoua being now arriued at the campe with troupes which the Duke had sent after him the which by death and the flight of many were diminished to fiue hundreth Hee made diuers lodgings molesting the countrey little being arriued at Rifana of Santa Maria the which is fifteene miles from the left banke of the riuer of Doro vpon the right banke whereof Porto is seated hee deuised by what meanes hee shoulde passe the riuer supposing hee had no greater difficultie then this to vanquish the enimie Hee knewe it was verie violent running betwixte high mountaines without anie forde hee
anchor might easily be defeated yet the French seemed little to feare it for that they remained long carelesse at lande at what time Anthony was lodged in the couent of Saint Rocke neere vnto the armie labouring both by wordes and threatning to haue the forte and being after come to the towne hee wrote generally to all that were within requiring them to consigne it into his handes as his owne offring to suffer them to depart freely but hauing no answere conformable to his desires he caused some peeces of artillerie to bee landed from the ships to batter it but there followed no effect for the Spanish armie arriued Which hauing sayled eleuen daies with varietie of weather hauing discouered the Iland not being ioyned with the ships and galleies which were parted from Andelouzia but onely the number which came from Lisbone whereof there remained fower ships and some carauels behinde three of them let with the tides could not get out of the riuer of Tagus with the rest and the fourth returned backe vpon a great leake so as the Armie consisted but of eight and twentie ships for although the other three got foorth the next day yet they arriued not with the rest at Saint Michaels but before them where hauing intelligence of the French they went to sea without ioyning afterwardes with the armie The first place the Marques discouered was Le Morro the one and twentith day of Iuly and arriued the two and twentith at Villa Franche without hauing any intelligence of the French Armie In this arriuall the Spaniards had some disaduantage for that the enimies lying close to the land with their ships and in a manner couered sawe them come a farre off without being discouered by them The day before the Marques had sent foorth Captaine Aguirre with two carauelles armed to discouer with instructions what course he should take if he found the enimie to whom he deliuered letters for Ambrose D'Aguiar of whose death he was ignorant whereby he did aduertise him of the comming of the armie of the number of men and ships he had and how he did howerly expect the ships and galleies prepared in Andelouzia demaunding newes of the French armie if it were passed with how many saile and for what place saying that his intention was to fight with them and therefore hee should will Peter Peixotto prepare himselfe with his ships to follow him As the Marques had cast anchor vnder Villa Franca one of the three carauels which had staied behinde and after passed them being laden with horses came vnto the Captaines ship assuring them that the three ships which had remained within the riuer of Tagus were arriued two daies before at the Ilande and were returned backe and that certaine French ships had taken two other carauels laden with horses and that they did hardly escape them But the Marques gaue no trust vnto their words although the French armie were there he sent other men to lande to learne the truth who returned soone without knowing any certaintie for that their approch to lande being defended they had contrarie reports made vnto them Notwithstanding the Marques did still see more apparant signes of the disobedience of the Ilande especially vpon the returne of one of the caruels of Captaine Aguirre the which reported that the saide Captaine with the other had beene taken by a French ship for this cause the Marques called Lopo de Figueroa Marshall of the field to councell where they resolued betwixt them to land some men both to take in fresh water to haue certaine intelligence of the affaires and to approch with the armie to some more conuenient place for that effect But they remained not long in these doubts for they had no sooner appointed some to discouer some better anchoring place the armie being vnder saile they began to discouer towards the towne certaine ships the which increasing still in number came against them iudging what it was as in truth it was the enimy laying aside what they had treated of hauing assembled Peter of Toledo the marshall of the Campe generall the Marques of Fauara Peter Taxis Commissarie generall Frauncis Bouadiglia Marshall of the field and some other gentlemen and Captaines they called a new councell where it was propounded whether they should fight or take any other partie The Castillian armie had no place of retreat to returne backe they could not without great danger to get the winde of the French there was no meanes for with their lighter shippes and easier to turne into the winde they might chase flie fight and retire themselues from fight at their pleasure So as the Spanish Captaines framing their opinions according to the necessitie the matters standing so as the free election remained not in them resolued to fight Anthonie hauing by the letters which the Marques had written to Ambrose d'Aguiar taken in the carauel with Aguirre intelligence what forces they had and what they expected and with all of his intention for this cause he had resolued with Strozzi Brissac and the Counte Vimioso that it was fittest to fight with this armie consisting of so small a number of ships before the other part which they expected should arriue and therefore hauing imbarqued with all possible speed they came in battell against the Marques hauing first laboured but in vaine to take the Castel by new threatnings Then did the Marques appoint what order hee would haue the armie keepe in the fight Vpon the right side of his gallion called S. Martin he placed that of Saint Mathew wherein was Lopo de Figueroa and on the left that of Frauncis Bouadiglia with fower other ships of succour all the rest were put in order onely Christopher d'Erasso remained behinde with a great ship of importance for that hauing his mast a little crased he durst not vse any force so as the Marques had but seuen and twentie ships in all the which especially in the two gallions they gaue verie good order for the fight For hauing deuided the souldiers into their rankes and appointed diuers commanders they prouided not onely for all necessities but also for any thing that could chaunce with great iudgement but it was in vaine for at that time the armies came not neere one another by seuen or eight miles both for that the winde was scant as also for that the night approched so as after the Marques had discharged a peece of artillerie as it were in signe of Battell the French bent towards the citie and the Catholique armie turned to sea not hauing any intelligence of what had passed at lande neither should he haue had it so soone by any other meanes if the same night Iohn de Castillio who had succeeded Laurence Noghero in the castell had not aduertised the Marques what had happened in the Iland and assured him that the fortresse held yet both to the ende he should haue care to succour it and to haue succour from thence if need
the course of passage of riuers and landing in Ilands seeing that to keepe so great a circuit there was an infinite number of men required and being once landed all the rest were conquered On the other side such as imbarked with the armie to make it more glorious whatsoeuer euent were laboured to make the enterprise of greater difficultie then it was saying that the Iland was little well peopled aboundning with victuals rocked rounde about and seated in the most inconstant sea that is where they coulde hardly ride three monethes in the yeere whereof one part before they could arriue woulde be spent that they had not any port where to retire thēselues the which made it easie to be defended adding thereunto the obstinate disposition of the people the despaire they had of any assured pardō the fortifications made by the French in that point very diligent with the prouision of munition soldiers and captaines made the place inexpugnable They added that it was likely the French if it were but to diuert the Spanish forces and continue this moate in their eies would labour to support the Iland which shoulde be of lesse charge to them then to the Spaniards in raising their armies to force it But whilest they prepared this armie in Spaine and that they discoursed vpon the occurrents Anthony imploied all his forces in Fraunce so to furnish the Iland as they might bee able to defende themselues And although the Queene fauoured him yet whether the heate of the yeere past were growen colde it may bee through the vnhappie successe of the French armie or that the Prior founde himselfe bare of money or whatsoeuer it were they made a weaker prouision then was expected yet at the Queene mothers instance Mounsieur de Chattes a knight of Malta who was gouernour of Deepe being experienced in these later warres went with fewe more then twelue hundreth French men although the report was fifteene hundreth He carried letters to the Magistrate of the citie not onely from the Prior whereby he did greatly commend and encourage the citizens shewing that on them he did grounde all his hopes to returne into the realme but also from the most Christian King and the Queene mother The King by his letters reioiced at their constancie shewing how much he desired to aide them against those enimies who sought to suppresse the libertie of the realme of Portugall for the pretention those be his verie words that his mother might haue to their conseruation and therefore he sent vnto them this gentleman with ships and men giuing them manie other termes of loue The Queene referred them to the Kings letters with assurance neuer to abandon them in their iust warre referring herselfe and so likewise did the king to that which the commander shoulde deliuer vnto them Being arriued and ioined to the rest and with the Portugals of the Iland which in all were neere sixe thousand Silua supposed that although he had many fortes to keepe yet shoulde he easilie defend them and the better for that the ships which had spoiled Cape Vert were returned and brought much artillery with them the which ioined with that which Chattes had brought from Fraunce and so much more which they had before within the Iland both for the guard thereof and taken in ships which they had spoiled amounting in all to three hundreth pieces whereof many were of iron and very small But notwithstanding all this and that the Portugals shewed their accustomed ouerweening yet as men that feared they left not to conduct their wiues and children to the mountaines and to hide that which they helde most precious Chattes as a warrior hauing viewed the seate of the Iland the fortifications garrisons victuals and munition within it doubted of the defence for all seemed sparingly furnished and the soldiers to be fewer in number and of lesse experience then the place required neither was the Iland so rockie and inaccessible as was described whereupon being retired with Emanuel de Silua he desired to knowe whereon he grounded his defence But he whether blinded with the tirannie he there vsed or else with his sinnes did so augment the number and extoll the valour of the Portugals that he woulde haue them not onely beleeue they shoulde easilie defend themselues but that the French were in a manner superfluous The French man helde not himselfe for all this satisfied labouring to remedie that which he thought remediable esteeming still more of the number and valour of the Portugals then was conuenient The fortification seemed vnto him ill directed for he perswaded them to bring into their chiefe castell all their munition and victuals that if the Spaniards shoulde chaunce to land in any part their whole forces might retire thither to make resistance vntill that winter comming the armie shoulde be forced to retire for as much as without this retrait the enimie setting foote on land the towne with all other places being vnwalled were lost Silua did contradict these reasons with wordes contrarie to his meaning saying that when the soldiers had a second place of retraite they woulde make a weake resistance at the first and that the shoare was so fortified as there was no feare that the enimie coulde lande But in truth he made no account of any of the castels for three reasons One for that he wanted victuals to furnish it for any time and for so manie men The other for that he woulde not willingly shut himselfe into any hauing a meaning to flie And the thirde was that distrusting the French hee woulde not trust them with any strong forte least they shoulde become masters In this sort the captaines disagreed whereupon they not onely ceased to treate of this practise but hauing before resolued to abandon all the other Ilands being weake and hauing no superfluous men to sende thither they tooke a newe resolution to sende vnto Fayale as most inhabited fowre hundreth French vnder the conduct of Mounsier de Carle with the which and the inhabitants of the Island hauing a small castell they hoped to defend themselues Whilest these things passed at the Terceres they had put the Catholique Kings armie in a readines the which departed from Lisbone the eeue of Saint Iohn Baptist being in number aboue threescore ships besides Zabres Carauels and barkes for there were twelue galleies and two galliasses for the other two came not in time from Naples fiue gallions and aboue thirtie great ships of diuers nations there were fewe lesse then ten thousand souldiers the greatest part Castillians hauing no other nations but a thousand Germaines two companies of Italians and two of Portugall aduenturers The Castillians were ledde by their marshall of the field Lopo de Figueroa Frauncis de Bouadilla and Iohn de Sandoal the Germaines by Counte Ierom of Lodron the Italians obeied Lucio Pignatello Felix of Aragon was captaine of the Portugals and the Marques ouer all had charge at sea and lande This armie