curing of mad men and amongst the rest one at Alternunne in this Hundred called S. Nunnes poole which Saints Altar it may be by pars pro toto gaue name to the Church and because the maner of this bowssening is not so vnpleasing to heare as it was vneasie to feele I wil if you please deliuer you the practise as I receyued it from the beholders The water running from S. Nunnes well fell into a square and close walled plot which might bee filled at what depth they lifted Vpon this wall was the franticke person set to stand his backe towards the poole and from thence with a sudden blow in the brest tumbled headlong into the pond where a strong fellowe prouided for the nonce tooke him and tossed him vp and downe alongst and athwart the water vntill the patient by forgoing his strength had somewhat forgot his fury Then was hee conueyed to the Church and certaine Masses sung ouer him vpon which handling if his right wits returned S. Nunne had the thanks but if there appeared small amendment he was bowssened againe and againe while there remayned in him any hope of life for recouery It may be this deuice tooke original from that master of Bedlem who the fable saith vsed to cure his patients of that impatience by keeping them bound in pooles vp to the middle and so more or lesse after the fit of their fury Trigge Hundred THe name of Trig in Cornish signifieth an Inhabitant howbeit this Hundred cannot vaunt any ouer-large scope or extaordinarie plenty of dwellings his chiefe towne is Bodmyn in Cornish Bos venna commonly termed Bodman which by illusion if not Etimology a man might not vnaptly turne into Badham for of all the townes in Cornwall I holde none more healthfully seated then Saltash or more contagiously then this It consisteth wholly in a maner of one street leading East and West welneere the space of an Eastern mile whose South side is hidden from the Sunne by an high hill so neerely coasting it in most places as neither can light haue entrance to their staires nor open ayre to their other roomes Their back houses of more necessary then cleanly seruice as kitchins stables c. are clymed vp vnto by steps and their filth by euery great showre washed downe thorow their houses into the streetes The other side is also ouerlooked by a great hill though somewhat farther distant and for a Corollarium their conduit water runneth thorow the Churchyard the ordinary place of buriall for towne and parish It breedeth therefore little cause of maruaile that euery generall infection is here first admitted last excluded yet the many decayed houses proue the towne to haue bene once very populous and in that respect it may stil retaine the precedence as supported by a weekly market the greatest of Cornwall the quarter Sessions for the East diuision and halfe yeerely faires The iurisdiction thereof is administred by a Maior and his brethren and vpon warrant of their Charter they claime authoritie to take acknowledgement of statute bonds In former times the Bishop of Cornwall as I haue elsewhere related held his See at S. Petroe's in this towne vntill the Danish pirats firing their Palace forced them to remoue the same with their residence vnto S. Germans They were succeeded by a Priory and Friery which later serued a while as a house of correction for the shire but with greater charge then benefit or continuance For other accidents I find that Perkyn Warbecke after his landing in the West parts of Cornwall made this towne the Rendez vous of his assembling forces for atchieuing his alike deseruing and speeding enterprise against King Henry the seuenth Hither also in the last commotion flocked the Rebels from all quarters of the shire pitching their campe at the townes end and here they imprisoned such Gentlemen as they had plucked out of their holdes and houses vntill the fortune of warre gaue verdit with the right of iustice for their well deserued euill speeding Sir Anthony Kingston then Prouost-marshall of the Kings armie hath left his name more memorable then commendable amongst the townsemen for causing their Maior to erect a gallowes before his owne doore vpon which after hauing feasted Sir Anthony himselfe was hanged In like sort say they he trussed vp a millers man thereby for that he presented himselfe in the others stead saying he could neuer do his master better seruice But mens tongues readily inclined to the worst reports haue left out a part of the truth in this tale that the rest might carrie the better grace For Sir Anthony did nothing herein as a Iudge by discretion but as an officer by direction and besides hee gaue the Maior sufficient watchwordes of timely warning large space of respite more then which in regard of his owne perill he could not afford to shift for safety if an vneschewable destiny had not haltered him to that aduancement As for the millers man he equalled his master in their common offence of rebellion and therefore it deserued the praise of mercy to spare one of the two and not the blame of crueltie to hang one for another I should perhaps haue forgotten the free schoole here maintayned by her Maiesties liberalitie were I not put in mind thereof through afore-halsening of this rebellion by an action of the schollers which I will report from some of their owne mouthes About a yeere before this sturre was raysed the schollers who accustomably diuide themselues for better exploiting their pastimes grewe therethrough into two factions the one whereof they called the olde religion the other the new This once begunne was prosecuted amongst thē in all exercises and now and then handled with some egernesse and roughnes each partie knowing and still keeping the same companions and Captaine At last one of the boyes conuerted the spill of an olde candlesticke to a gunne charged it with powder and a stone and through mischance or vngraciousnesse therewith killed a calfe whereupon the owner complayned the master whipped and the diuision ended By such tokens sometimes wonderfull sometimes ridiculous doth God at his pleasure foreshewe future accidents as in the Planets before the battell at Thrasimenus betweene Hannibal and the Romanes by the fighting together of the Sunne and Moone In birds what time Brute brought forth the remnant of his army at Philippi against Caesar and Anthony by the furious biekering betweene two Eagles In men against the destruction of Hierusalem by the encountring of Chariots and armies in the ayre And before Alexanders battel with Darius first by a casual skirmish of the camp-straglers vnder two Captaines borrowing the names of those Princes and then by Alexanders voluntary setting those Captaines to a single combat Yea to bring these examples neerer home the like hath hapned both before and sithence amongst boyes in other places When Caesar was departed from Rome to try
Tynners goe to worke casting vp trenches before thē in depth 5. or 6. foote more or lesse as the loose ground went three or foure in breadth gathering vp such Shoad as this turning of the earth doth offer to their sight If any ryner thwart them and that they resolue to search his bed hee is trained by a new channell from his former course This yeeldeth a speedie and gaineful recompence to the aduenturers of the search but I hold it little beneficiall to the owners of the soyle For those low grounds beforetime fruitfull hauing herethrough their wrong side turned outwards accuse the Tynners iniurie by their succeeding barrennesse To find the Loadworkes their first labour is also imployed in seeking this Shoad which either lieth open on the grasse or but shallowly couered Hauing found any such they coniecture by the sight of the ground which way the floud came that brought it thither and so giue a gesse at the place whence it was broken off There they sincke a Shaft or pit of fiue or sixe foote in length two or three foote in breadth and seuen or eight foote in depth to proue whether they may so meete with the Load By this Shaft they also discerne which was the quicke ground as they call it that mooued with the floud and which the firme wherein no such Shoad doth lie If they misse the Load in one place they sincke alike Shaft in another beyond that commonly farther vp towards the hill and so a third and fourth vntil they light at last vpon it But you may not conceiue that euerie likelyhood doth euer proue a certaintie for diuers haue beene hindered through bestowing charges in seeking and not finding and many vndone in finding and not speeding whiles a faire show tempting them to much cost hath in the end fayled in substance and made the aduenturers Banckrupt of their hope and purse Some haue found Tynne-workes of great vallew through meanes no lesse strange then extraordinarie to wit by dreames As in Edward the sixts time a Gentlewoman heire to one Fresculierd and wife to Lauyue dreamed that a man of seemely personage told her how in such a Tenement of her Land shee should find so great store of Tynne as would serue to in rich both her selfe and her posteritie This shee reuealed to her husband and hee putting the same in triall found a worke which in foure yeeres was worth him welneere so many thousand pounds Moreouer one Taprel lately liuing dwelling in the Parish of the hundred of West called S. Niot by a like dreame of his daughter see the lucke of women made the like assay met with the effect farmed the worke of the vnwitting Lord of the soyle and grew thereby to good state of wealth The same report passeth as currant touching sundrie others but I will not bind any mans credite though that of the Authors haue herein swayed mine and yet he that will afford his eare to Astrologers and naturall Philosophers shall haue it filled with many discourses of the constellation of the heauens and the constitution of mens bodies fitting to this purpose There are that leauing these trades of new searching doe take in hand such old Stream and Loadworks as by the former aduenturers haue beene giuen ouer and oftentimes they find good store of Tynne both in the rubble cast vp before as also in veines which the first workmen followed not From hence there groweth a diuersitie in opinion amongst such Gentlemen as by iudgement and experience can looke into these matters some of them supposing that the Tynne groweth and others that it onely separateth from the consumed offall But whosoeuer readeth that which Francis Leandro hath written touching the yron mynerals in the I le of Elba will cleaue perhaps to a third conceite for hee auoucheth that the trenches out of which the Owre there is digged within twentie or thirtie yeeres become alike ful againe of the same mettall as at first he confirmeth it by sutable examples borrowed from Clearchus of Marble in Paros Iland and of Salt in India deducing thence this reason that the ayre and water replenishing the voide roome through the power of the vniuersall agent and some peculiar celestiall influence are turned into the selfe substance and so by consequence neither the Owre groweth nor the earth consumeth away and this opiniō Munster in his Cosmographie doth seeme to vnderprop affirming that neere the Citie of Apoloxia in Dalmatia the veines whence Brasse is digged are filled in like maner So doth he report that neere Ptolomais there lieth a round valley out of which glassie Sand being taken the winds fill the pit againe from the vpper part of the adioyning mountaines which matter is conuerted into the former substance and that euen Mettals throwne into this place doe vndergoe the like Metamorphosis The colour both of the Shoad and Load resembleth his bed as the Sea sand doth the Cliffes and is so diuersified to reddish blackish duskie and such other earthy colours If the Load wherein the Tynne lieth carrieth a foote and halfe in breadth and bee not ouerbarren it is accompted a verie rich worke but commonly the same exceedeth not a foote vnlesse many Loads runne together When the new found worke intiseth with probabilitie of profit the discouerer doth commonly associate himselfe with some more partners because the charge amounteth mostly verie high for any one mans purse except lined beyond ordinarie to reach vnto and if the worke doe faile many shoulders will more easily support the burthen These partners consist either of such Tinners as worke to their owne behoose or of such aduenturers as put in hired labourers The hirelings stand at a certaine wages either by the day which may be about eight pence or for the yeere being betweene foure and sixe pound as their deseruing can driue the bargaine at both which rates they must find themselues If the worke carrie some importance and require the trauaile of many hands that hath his name and they their Ouerseer whome they terme their Captaine such are the Pel Whilancleuth in English The worke of the Ditches Pulstean that is The myrie head Grueg braaz The great Borough Saint Margets and many surnamed Balls which betoken the Vales where the works are set on foote The Captaines office bindeth him to sort ech workman his taske to see them applie their labour to make timely prouision for binding the worke with frames of Timber if need exact it to place Pumpes for drawing of water and to giue such other directions In most places their toyle is so extreame as they cannot endure it aboue foure houres in a day but are succeeded by spels the residue of the time they weare out at Coytes Kayles or like idle exercises Their Kalender also alloweth them more Holy-dayes then are warranted by the Church our lawes or their owne profit Their ordinarietooles are a Pick-axe of yron about
0 S. Breock 0. 15. 0 Withiel 0. 5. 0 Carnenton 0. 10. 0 Vwel 0. 10. 0 Sum. tot deductions 15. 10. 113. 1. 6. THE SVRVEY OF CORNWALL The second Booke IN this second booke I will first report what I haue learned of Cornwall and Cornishmen in general and from thence descend to the particular places and persons as their note-worthie site or any memorable action or accident of the former or later ages shall offer occasion The highest which my search can reach vnto I borrow out of Strabo who writeth that the Westerne Bretons gaue ayde vnto the Armorici of Fraunce against Caesar which hee pretended for one of the causes why he inuaded this Iland Next I find that about sixtie yeeres from the landing of Hengist one Nazaleod a mightie King amongst the Bretons ioyned battell with Certicus Soueraigne of the West-Saxons and after long fight with his owne death accompanied the ouerthrow of his armie Yet the Bretons thus abandoned by fortune would not so forsake themselues but with renued courage and forces coped once againe with Certicus and his sonne Kenrick at Certicesford thogh equally destitute of successe as before Gurmund an arch-Pirate of the Norwegians was called by the Saxons out of his late conquered Ireland to their aide against Careticus king of the Bretons whom he ouercame in battel and inforced his subiects to seeke safegard by flight some in Wales some in Cornwall and some in little Breteigne since which time they could neuer recouer againe their auncient possession of the whole Iland Howbeit not long after Iuor sonne to Alane king of the said little Breteigne landed in the West parts wanne from the Saxons Cornwall Deuon Somerset shires by force of armes and then established his conquest by a peaceable composition with his aduerse partie Adelred king of West-sex inuaded Deuon and Cornwall whom Roderick king of the Bretons and Blederick Prince of those prouinces encountred and discomfited which notwithstanding processe of time reaued from him and added such strength to his enemies that he was driuen to abandon Cornwall and retire into Wales So the Cornishmen quitting their libertie with their prince stouped to the cōmaund of Egbert King of West-sex and with their territorie saith William Malmsburie enlarged his confines Athelstane handled them yet more extremely for hee draue them out of Excester where till then they bare equall sway with the Saxons left onely the narrow angle on the West of Tamer riuer for their Inhabitance which hath euer since beene their fatall bound On their Reguli as Vincentius deliuereth he imposed an yerely tribute of 20. li. in gold 300. li. in siluer 25. oxen and hunting hounds and hawkes at discretion To these afflictions by home-neighbours of bondage tribute and banishing was ioyned a fourth of spoyling by forrayne enemies for Roger Houedon telleth vs that the Danes landed in sundry places of Cornwall forrayed the Countrey burned the Townes and killed the people To whom succeeded in the like occupation Godwin and Edmond magnus King Harolds two sonnes discomfiting the forces opposed against them harrowing Deuon and Cornwall and then retiring with their prey into Ireland After the conquest when K. H. the first inuaded Griffin ap Conan Prince of Wales he distributed his armie into three portions one of which wherein consisted the forces of the fourth part of England and Cornwal hee committed to the leading of Gilbert Earle of Strigill In Henry the thirds time by the testimony of Mathew Paris William Earle of Sarum after long tossing at sea with much adoe about Christmas arriued in Cornwall and so afterwards did Earle Richard the Kings brother at two seuerall times the later of which being destitute of horses and treasure he prayed therein ayde of his loyals When Edward the third auerred his right to the Crowne of Fraunce by the euidence of armes the French for a counterplea made an vnlawfull entry into Deuon and Cornwall but Hugh Courtney Earle of Deuon remooued it with posse Comitatus and recommitted them to the wooddē prison that brought them thither Yet would not the Scots take so much warning by their successe as example by their precedent if at least Froissarts ignorance of our English names bred not his mistaking in the place By his relation also Cornwals neere neighbourhead gaue oportunity of accesse both to the Earle Montford when he appealed to that Kings ayd for recouering his right in Brittaine albeit I cannot bring home Cepsee the designed port of his landing and after his captiuitie to the messengers of his heroicall Countesse employed in the like errand And from Cornwall the Earle of Sarum Wil. de Mesuile and Philip de Courtney set to sea with 40. ships besides Barks and 2000. men at armes besides Archers in support of that quarrell Lastly his authoritie enformeth me that those souldiers of Cornwall who vnder their Captaines Iohn Apport and Iohn Cornwall had defended the Fort of Bercherel in Brittaine against the power of Fraunce aboue a yeree space in the end for want of due succours vpon an honourable composition surrendred the same Queene Margaret wife to H. 6. vpon her arriual out of Fraūce after the losse of Barnet field receiued great ayd though to smal purpose frō the Deuon and Cornish men vnder the conduct of Thomas Earle of that shire And so much were those Western people addicted to that name as they readily followed Sir Edw. Courtney his brother Peter Bishop of Excesler what time they assisted the Duke of Buckingham in his reuolt against Richard the third Neither did his suppressour and successour H. the 7. finde them more loyall for the Cornish men repining at a Subsidy lately graunted him by Act of Parliament were induced to rebellion by Thomas Flammock a Gentleman Michael Ioseph a Black-smith with whom they marched to Taunton there murdering the Prouost of perin a Commissioner for the sayd Subsidy and from thence to Welles where Iames Touchet Lord Audely degenerated to their party with which encrease they passed by Sarisbury to Winchester and so into Kent But by this time Lords Commons were gathered in strēgth sufficient to make head against them and soone after black Heath saw the ouerthrow of their forces in battell and Loudon the punishment of their seducers by iustice In the same fatall yeere of reuolts Perkin Warbeck a counterfeit Prince landed in Cornwall went to Bodmyn assembled a trayne of rake-hels assaulted Excester receyued the repulse and in the end sped as is knowne and as he deserued The last Cornish rebellion was first occasioned by one Kilter and other his associats of a Westerne parish called S. Keueren who imbrued their wicked hands in the guiltles blood of one M. Body as he sate in Commission at Helston for matters of reformation in religion and the yere following it grew to a general reuolt vnder the
parcel of the Cornish earth extendeth it selfe wider and compriseth more parishes then any other Hundred of the shire as stretching East and West from Foy to Falmouth and South and North welnere from one sea to the other In describing the same we must begin where we left to wit at Foy hauen in Cornish Foath It receyueth this name of the riuer and bestoweth the same on the town His entrance is garded with Block-houses that on the townes side as also the towne it selfe fortified fenced with ordinance The commeÌ„dation of which iudustry is principally due to the prouidence and direction of M. Wil. Treffry a Gent that hath vowed his rare gifts of learning wisdome courage to the good of his country made proofe therof in many occurreÌ„ts to whose iudicious correctioÌ„s these my notes haue bin not a little beholden His faire ancient house Castle-Wise builded and sufficiently flanked ouerlooketh the towne and hauen with a pleasant prospect and yet is not excluded from the healthfull ayre and vse of the country which occasioned his auncestours though endowed elsewhere with large reuennues of their owne and their wiues inheritance for many discents to make here their ordinary residence as is witnessed by their to ombestones which I haue seene in the church One of them about 145. yeeres sithence valiantly defended this his dwelling against the French what time they had surprized the rest of the towne Hee married one of Tremaynes heires his father the heire of Tresithny his graundfather the daughter of Killigrew and beareth S. a Cheuron betweene three Hawthornes A. But I will returne to the towne During the warlike raignes of our two valiant Edwards the first third the Foyens addicted themselues to backe their Princes quarrell by coping with the enemy at sea and made returne of many prizes which purchases hauing aduanced them to a good estate of wealth the same was wheÌ„ the quieter conditioned times gaue meanes heedfully and diligently employed and bettered by the more ciuill trade of marchandise and in both these vocations they so fortunately prospered that it is reported 60. tall ships did at one time belong to the harbour and that they assisted the siege of Callais with 47. saile Heereon a full purse begetting a stout stomack our Foyens tooke heart at grasse and chauncing about that time I speake vpon the credit of tradition to sayle neere Rye and Winchelsea they stifly refused to vaile their bonets at the summons of those townes which contempt by the better enabled Sea-farers reckoned intolerable caused the Ripiers to make out with might and mayne against them howbeit with a more hardy onset then happy issue for the Foy men gaue them so rough entertaynment at their welcome that they were glad to forsake patch without bidding farewell the merit of which exploit afterwards entitled them Gallants of Foy and it may bee they sought to eternize this memorable fact after the Greeke and Romane maner by inuesting the towne of Golant with that name notwithstanding quaere whether a causelesse ambitioÌ„ in the postetitie turned not rather Golant into Gallant for their greater glory Once the townesmen vaunt that for teskuing certaine ships of Rye from the Normans in Henrie the thirds time they beare the armes and enioy part of the priuiledges appertaining to the Cinque-ports whereof there is some memorie in their Chauncell window with the name of Fisart Bagga their principall Commaunder in that seruice Moreouer the prowesse of one Nicholas sonne to a widdow neere Foy is deskanted vpon in an old three mans songs namely how he fought brauely at sea with Iohn Dory a Genowey as I coniecture set forth by Iohn the French king and after much bloudshed on both sides tooke and slew him in reuenge of the great rauine and crueltie which hee had forecommitted vpon the English mens goods and bodies Yet their so often good successe sometimes tasted the sawce of crosser speeding for Tho. Walsingham telleth vs that Sir Hugh Calueley and Sir Th. Percy deputed to gard the sea by R. the 2. Anno 1379. chanced there to meete a Cornish barge belonging to Foy harbour which hauing worne out his victuals and time limited for the like seruice was then sayling homewards neither would be entreated by those knights to ioyne companie with them howbeit they bought this refusall verie deare For no sooner was the English fleete past out of sight but that a Flemmish man of warre lighted vpon them and after a long and strong resistance ouermastred them as well at last in force as they did at first in number tooke the Barge sunk it and slaughtered all the Saylers one onely boy excepted who in the heate of the bickering seeing which way the game would goe secretly stole aboord the Flemming and closely hid himselfe amongst the ballast Ouer a while this Pirate â—ast Anker in an English harbor where the boy hearing his Countrimens voice that were come aboord riseth from his new buriall bewrayeth the fact so wrought meanes for their punishment and his owne deliuery Not long after our Foy gallants vnable to beare a low sayle in their fresh gale of fortune began to skum the Seas with their often piracies auowing themselues vpon the Earle of Warwicke whose ragged staffe is yet to be seene pourtrayed in many places of their Church Steeple and in diuers priuate houses as also to violate their dutie at land by insolent disobedience to the Princes Officers cutting off amongst other pranckes a Pursiuants eares whereat king Edward the fourth conceiued such indignation as hee sent Commissioners vnto Lostwithiel a towne there by who vnder pretence of vsing their seruice in sea affaires trained thither the greatest number of the Burgesses and no sooner come then laid hold on and in hold their goods were confiscated one Harrington executed the chaine of their hauen remoued to Dartmouth their wonted iolity transformed into a sudden misery from which they striued a long time in vaine to releeue themselues but now of late yeres doe more and more aspire to a great amendment of their former defects though not to an equall height of their first aboundance Where I may not passe in silence the commendable deserts of Master Rashleigh the elder descended from a younger brother of an ancient house in Deuon for his industrious iudgement and aduenturing in trade of marchandise first opened a light and way to the townesmens newe thriuing and left his sonne large wealth and possessions who together with a dayly bettering his estate conuerteth the same to hospitality and other actions fitting a Gent. well affected to his God Prince and Countrey He married the daughter of Bonithon his father of Lanyne and beareth S. a plaine Crosse betweene 2. Croissants A. Anno 28. H. 6. there was an Act of Parliament made to restraine the abuses of sea-officers in wrong exactions at Foy and some other hauens The Lord of Pomier a Norman encouraged by the ciuil warres
by apparant veritie Notwithstanding in this question I will not take on me the person of either Iudge or flickler and therefore if there be any so plunged in the common floud as they will still gripe fast what they haue once caught hold on let them sport themselues with these coniectures vpon which mine auerment in behalfe of Plymmouth is grounded The place where Brute is said to haue first landed was Totnes in Cornwall and therfore this wrastling likely to haue chaunced there sooner then elsewhere The Prouince bestowed on Corineus for this exployt was Cornwall It may then be presumed that he receiued in reward the place where hee made proofe of his worth and whose Prince for so with others I take Gogmagog to haue beene hee had conquered euen as Cyrus recompenced Zopirus with the Citie Babylon which his policie had recouered Againe the actiuitie of Deuon and Cornishmen in this facultie of wrastling beyond those of other Shires dooth seeme to deriue them a speciall pedigree from that graund wrastler Corineus Moreouer vpon the Hawe at Plymmouth there is cut out in the ground the pourtrayture of two men the one bigger the other lesser with Clubbes in their hands whom they terme Gog-Magog and as I haue learned it is renewed by order of the Townesmen when cause requireth which should inferre the same to bee a monument of some moment And lastly the place hauing a steepe cliffe adioyning affordeth an oportunitie to the fact But of this too much Cornwall is seated as most men accompt in the Latitude of fiftie degrees and thirtie minutes and in the Longitude of sixe The Shire extendeth in length to about seuentie miles the breadth as almost no where equall so in the largest place it passeth not thirtie in the middle twentie and in the narrowest of the West part three The whole compasse may hereby be coniectured It bordereth on the East with Deuon diuided therefrom in most places by the ryuer Tamer which springing neere the North Sea at Hartland in Deuon runneth thorow Plymmouth Hauen into the South For the rest the maine Ocean sundreth the same on the North from Ireland on the West from the Ilands of Scilley on the South from little Britaine These borders now thus straightned did once extend so wide as that they enabled their inclosed territorie with the title of a kingdome Polidore Virgil allotteth it the fourth part of the whole Iland and the ancient Chronicles report that Brute landed at Totnes in Cornwall a Towne now seated in the midst of Deuon Moreouer vntill Athelstanes time the Cornish-men bare equal sway in Excester with the English for hee it was who hemmed them within their present limits Lastly the encroaching Sea hath rauined from it the whole Countrie of Lionnesse together with diuers other parcels of no little circuite and that such a Lionnesse there was these proofes are yet remaining The space betweene the lands end and the Iles of Scilley being about thirtie miles to this day retaineth that name in Cornish Lethowsow and carrieth continually an equall depth of fortie or sixtie fathom a thing not vsuall in the Seas proper Dominion saue that about the midway there lieth a Rocke which at low water discouereth his head They terme it the Gulfe suiting thereby the other name of Scilla Fishermen also casting their hookes thereabouts haue drawn vp peeces of doores and windowes Moreouer the ancient name of Saint Michaels Mount was Cara clowse in Cowse in English The hoare Rocke in the Wood which now is at euerie floud incompassed by the Sea and yet at some low ebbes rootes of mightie trees are discryed in the sands about it The like ouerflowing hath happened in Plymmouth Hauen and diuers other places In this situation though nature haue shouldred out Cornwall into the farthest part of the Realme and so besieged it with the Ocean that as a demie Iland in an Iland the inhabitants find but one way of issue by land yet hath shee in some good measure counteruailed such disaduantage through placing it both neere vnto in the trade way betwene Wales Ireland Spaine France Netherland The neerenesse helpeth thē with a shorter cut lesse peril and meaner charge to vent forth make returne of those cōmodities which their owne or either of those Countries doe afford the lying in the way bringeth forraine shipping to claime succour at their harbours when either outward or homeward bound they are checked by an East South or Southeast wind and where the horse walloweth some haires will still remaine Neither is it to bee passed ouer without regard that these remote quarters lie not so open to the inuasions of forraine enemies or spoyles of ciuil tumults as other more inward parts of the Realme which being seated neerer the heart are sooner sought and easlyer ransacked in such troublesome times or if the Countries long naked sides offer occasion of landing to any aduerse shipping her forementioned inward naturall strength increased by so many Lanes and Inclosures straightneth the same to a preying onely vpon the outward skirts by some pettie fleetes For the danger of farder piercing will require the protection of a greater force for execution then can there be counteruailed with the benefit of any bootie or conquest were they sure to preuaile And if to bee free from a dammage may passe for a commoditie I can adde that the far distance of this Countie from the Court hath heretofore afforded it a Supersedeas from takers Purueyours for if they should fetch any prouisiō from thence well it might be masked with the visard of her Highnes prerogatiue but the same would verie slenderly turne to the benefit of her Maiesties house keeping for the foulenesse and vneasinesse of the waies the little mould of Cornish cattel and the great expence of driuing them would defaulke as much from the iust price to the Queene at the deliuering as it did from the owners at the taking Besides that her Highnesse shipping should heerethrough bee defrauded of often supplies which these parts afford vnto them Vpon which reasons some of the Purueyours attempts heretofore through the suite of the Countrie the sollicitation of Sir Richard Gremuile the credite of the Lord Warden and the graciousnesse of our Soueraigne were reuoked and suppressed and the same vnder her Highnesse priuie Seale confirmed Notwithstanding when her Maiestie made her pleasure afterward knowne that shee would haue a generall contribution from euerie Shire for redeeming this exemption Cornwall opposing dutie against reason or rather accompting dutie a reason sufficient yeelded to vndergoe a proportionable rate of the burthen So they compounded to furnish ten Oxen after Michaelmas for thirtie pound price to which by another agreement with the Officers they should adde fortie markes of of their owne Vpon halfe a yeeres warning either partie might repent the bargaine This held for a while but within a short space either the carelesnesse of the Iustices
must either craue or take leaue of the Londoners to lay open the hard dealing of their Tynne Marchants in this trade WheÌ„ any Western Gent. or person of accompt wanteth money to defray his expences at London he resorteth to one of the Tynne Marchants of his acquaintance to borrow some but they shall as soone wrest the Clubbe out of Hercules fist as one penie out of their fingers vnlesse they giue bond for euerie twentie pound so taken in lone to deliuer a thousand pound waight of Tyn at the next Coynage which shal be within two or three months or at farthest within halfe a yeere after At which time the price of euerie thousand will not faile to be at least twentie three prehaps twentie fiue pound yea and after promise made the party must be driuen with some indignitie to make three or foure errands to his house or hee shall get the money deliâ—ered In this sort some one Marchant will haue 5. hundred pound out beforehand reaping thereby a double commoditie both of excessiue gaine for his lone and of assurance to bee serued with Tynne for his money This they say is no Vsurie forsooth because the price of Tynne is not certainely knowne before-hand for once onely within these twelue yeeres of set purpose to escape the penaltie of the Law they brought it a little vnder twentie pound the thousand but if to take aboue fiftie in the hundred be extremitie whatsoeuer name you list to giue it this in truth can bee none other then cutthroate and abominable dealing I will not condemne all such as vse this trade neither yet acquite those who make greatest pretence of zeale in Religion and it may be that some vpon by-respects find somwhat friendly vsage in Vsance at some of their hands but the common voice saith that for the most part they are naught all And yet how bad soeuer this fashion may iustly bee accompted certaine of the same Countrymen do passe farre beyond it as thus The Marchant that hee may stand assured to haue Tynne for his money at the time of Coynage or deliuerance besides his trade of lone abouementioned layeth out diuers summes before-hand vnto certaine Cornishmen owners of Tynworkes or otherwise of knowne sufficiencie who are bound to deliuer for the same so many thousands of Tynne as the money shal amount vnto after the price agreed vpon at the Coynages To these hungrie flies the poore labouring Tynner resorteth desiring some money before the time of his pay at the deliuerance the other puts him off at first answering he hath none to spare in the end when the poore man is driuen through necessitie to renew his suite he fals to questioning what hee will doe with the money Saith the Tynner I will buy bread and meate for my selfe and my houshold and shooes hosen peticoates such like stuffe for my wife and children Suddenly herein this owner becomes a pettie chapman I will serue thee saith he hee deliuers him so much ware as shall amount to fortie shillings in which he cuts him halfe in halfe for the price and foure nobles in money for which the poore wretch is bound in Darbyes bonds to deliuer him two hundred waight of Tynne at the next Coynage which may then bee worth fiue pound or foure at the verie least And as mischiefe still creepes onward this extreme dealing of the London Marchant and Countrie chapman in white Tynne is imitated or rather exceeded by the wealthier sort of Tynners themselues in the blacke by laying out their money after thus much the marke which trade though subtill and darke I will open as plainely as I can A foote of blacke Tynne as is before said containeth in measure two gallons the waight vncertainely followeth the goodnesse A foote of good Moore-tyn which is counted the best sort will way about fourescore pound Of the Myne Tynne which is meaner fiftie two pound of the worst fiftie pound Two pound of good blacke Tynne being melted will yeeld one of white twentie eight or thirtie foote of the best fortie of the middle 52. of the meanest a thousand Now the wealthier sort of Tynners laying out part of their money beforehand buy this black Tynne of the poore labourers after so much the marke that is looke how many markes there are in the price made at the Coynage for the thousand so many two pence halfepenie three pence or foure pence partly after the goodnesse and partly according to the hard conscience of the one and necessitie of the other shal he haue for the foote as if the price be twentie sixe pound thirteene shillings foure pence the thousand therein are fortie markes then shall the poore Tynner receiue of him who dealeth most friendly for euerie foote of his best blacke tynne of which as was said about thirtie will make a thousand fortie times foure pence viz. thirteene shillings and foure pence which amounteth to twentie pound the thousand whereas that foote at the price is worth aboue fiue pence the marke Likewise will hee pay for the meaner blacke Tynne of which about fortie foote will make a thousand three pence the marke which is ten shillings the foote and so shall he haue also after twentie pound for the thousand for the worse they giue lesse rateably By which proportion how vncertaine soeuer the goodnesse of the Tynne or the greatnesse of the price do fall their gaine of a fourth part at least riseth alwaies vncertainly Whereto adding that they lay out beforehand but a portion of the money due and that onely for some small time you shall find it grow to the highest degree of extremitie But whether it proceedeth from this hard dealing or for that the Tynners whole familie giue themselues to a lazie kind of life and depend only vpon his labour and gaynes which often ill succeeding aduentures such ouer-deare bought Tynne daylie impaire or from both these together once it hath beene duly obserued that the parishes where Tynne is wrought rest in a meaner plight of wealth then those which want this dammageable commoditie and that as by abandoning this trade they amend so by reuiuing the same they decay againe whereas husbandrie yeeldeth that certayne gaine in a mediocritie which Tynneworkes rather promise then performe in a larger measure Let vs now examine what course of Iustice is held for deciding such controuersies as befall in Tinne causes and with what priuileges they are endowed and encouraged After such time as the Iewes by their extreame dealing had worne themselues first out of the loue of the English Inhabitants and afterwards out of the land it selfe and so left the Mines vnwrought it hapned that certaine Gentlemen being Lords of seuen tithings in Blackmoore whose grounds were best stored with this Minerall grewe desirous to renew this benefit and so vpon suit made to Edmond Earle of Cornwal sonne to Richard king of the Romans they obtayned from him a Charter vvith sundrie Priuileges amongst
ready to receyue and foster Yet one speciall priuiledge which the neerenesse to the South the fitnesse of some grounds standing vpon lyme stones the wel growing of Vines and the pleasant taste of their Grapes doe seeme to graunt I haue not hitherto knowne by any to bee put in practise and that is the making of Wines the triall would require little cost and perhaps requite it with great aduantage For fewell there groweth generally in all parts great store of furze of which the shrubby sort is called tame the better growne French in some good quantitie of Broome The East quarters of the Shire are not destitute of Copswoods nor they of almost on intolerable price but in most of the West either nature hath denyed that coÌ„modity or want of good husbandry lost it Their few parcels yet preserued are principally imployed to coaling for blowing of Tynne This lacke they supply either by Stone cole fetched out of Wales or by dryed Turfes some of which are also conuerted into coale to serue the Tynners turne Timber hath in Cornwall as in other places taken an vniuersall downe fall which the Inhabitants begin now and shall heereafter rue more at leisure Shipping howsing and vessell haue bred this consumption neither doth any man welnere seek to repayre so apparaÌ„t and important a decay As for the statute Standles commonly called Hawketrees the breach of the sea force of the weather doe so pare and gall them that they can passe vnder no better title then scat-crowes Among creatures of a breathing life I will only note such as minister some particular cause of remembrance Touching venimous Wormes Cornwall can plead no such Charter of natures exemption as Ireland The countrey people retaine a conceite that the Snakes by their breathing about a hazell wand doemake a stone ring of blew colour in which there appeareth the yellow figure of a Snake that beasts which are stung being giuen to drink of the water wherein this stone hath bene soked will therethrough recouer There was such a one bestowed on me and the giuer auowed to haue seene a part of the stick sticking in it but Penes authorem sit sides This mention of Snakes calleth to my remembrance how not long since a merry Cornish Gentleman tryed that old fable to be no fable which sheweth the dangerous entertayning of such a ghest For he hauing gotten one of that kind and broken out his teeth wherein consisteth his venome vsed to carrie him about in his bosome to set him to his mouth to make him licke his spittle when he came amongst Gentle women would cast him out suddenly to put them in feare but in the end their vaine dread proued safer then his foole-hardinesse for as he once walked alone and was kissing this gentle playfellow the Snake in good earnest with a stumpe either newly growne vp or not fully pulled out bit him fast by the tongue which therewith began so to rankle and swell that by the time hee had knocked this foule player on the head was come to his place of abode his mouth was scarce able to contayne it Fayne was he therfore to shew his mishap and by gestures to craue aydin earnest of the Gentlewomen whom hee had aforetime often scared in sport Of all maner vermine Cornish houses are most pestred with Rats a brood very hurtfull for deuouring of meat clothes and writings by day and alike cumbersome through their crying and ratling while they daunce their gallop gallyards in the roofe at night Strangers at their first comming into the West parts doe complayne that they are visited with the slowe sixe-legged walkers and yet the cleanely home-borne finde no such annoyance It may proceed from some lurking naturall effect of the Climate as wee read that the trauailers who passe the Equinoctiall doe there lose this manlike hunting vermine and vpon their returne recouer them againe The other beastes which Cornewall breedeth serue either for Venerie or meate or necessary vses Beastes of Venery persecuted for their case or dammagefeasance are Marternes Squirrels Foxes Badgers and Otters Profitable for skinne and flesh Hares Conies and Deere The Foxe planteth his dwelling in the steep cliffes by the sea side where he possesseth holds so many in number so daungerous for accesse and so full of windings as in a maner it falleth out a matter impossible to disseyze him of this his ancient inheritance True it is that somtime when he marcheth abroad on forraying to reuittaile his Male pardus the Captaine hunters discouering his sallies by their Espyals doe lay their souldier-like Hounds his borne enemies in ambush betweene him and home and so with Har and Tue pursue him to the death Then master Reignard ransacketh euery corner of his wily skonce and besturteth the vtmost of his nimble stumps to quit his coate from their iawes He crosseth brookes to make them lose the sent he slippeth into couerts to steale out of sight he casteth and coasteth the Countrie to get the start of the way and if hee be so met at he find himselfe ouermatched he abideth and biddeth them battell first sending the myre of his tayle against their eyes in lieu of shot and then manfully ofosing at hand-blowes with the sword of his teeth not forgetting yet the whiles to make an honourable retraict with his face still turned towardes the enemie by which meanes hauing once recouered his fortresse he then giues the Fico to all that his aduersaries can by siedge force myne sword assault or famine attempt against him The Otters though one in kind haue yet two seuerall places of haunt some keepe the Cliffes and there breede and feede on Sea-fish others liue in the fresh ryuers and trade not so farre downe who being lesse stored with prouision make bold now and then to visite the land and to breake their fast vpon the goodmans Lambs or the good wiues pultrie Of Conies there are here and there some few little Warrens scantly worth the remembring Cornwall was stored not long since with many Parkes of fallow Deere But king Henrie the eight being perswaded as it is said by Sir Richard Pollard that those belonging to the Duke could steed him with little pleasure in so remote a part and would yeeld him good profit if they were leased out at an improoued root did condiscend to their disparking So foure of them tooke a fall together to wit Carykullock Liskerd Restoxmel and Lanteglos Howbeit this good husbandrie came short of the 〈◊〉 promise and the Kings expectation where through the one was shâ—â—â— for the attempt and the other discontented with the effect Not withstanding as Princes exampls are euer taken for warrantable precedents to the subiects so most of the Cornish Gentlemen preferring gaine to delight or making gaine their delight shortly after followed the like practise and made their Deere leape ouer the Pale to giue the bullockes
on heapes in pits at the cliffe side and so conuerted the same to a kind of wood but the noy some fauour hath cursed it out of the countrey This Floteore is now and then found naturally formed like rufs combs and such like as if the sea would equall vs in apparel as it resembleth the land for all sorts of liuing creatures The sea strond is also strowed with sundry fashioned coloured shels of so diuersified and pretty workmanship as if Nature were for her pastime disposed to shew her skilin trifles With these are foūd moreouer certain Nuts some what resembling a sheepes kidney saue that they are flatter the outside consisteth of a hard darke coloured rinde the inner part of a kernell voyd of any paste but not so of vertue especially for women trauayling in childbirth if at least old wiues tales may deserue any credit If I become blame-worthy in speaking of such toyes Scipio and Lelius shall serue for my patrons who helde it no shame to spend time in their gathering But to carie you from these trifles you shall vnderstand that Cornewall is stored with many sorts of shipping for that terme is the genus to them all namely they haue Cock-boats for passengers Sayn-boats for taking of Pilcherd Fisher-boates for the coast Barges for sand Lighters for burthen and Barkes and Ships for trafficke of all which seuerally to particularize were consectari minutias and therefore I will omit to discourse of them or of the wrackes proceeding from them to their great dammage and the finders petty benefit to whom he that in ioyeth the Admirals right by the common custome alloweth a moytie for his labour But though I shunne tediousnesse herein I feare lest I shal breede you Nauseam while I play the fishmonger and yet so large a commoditie may not passe away in silence I will therefore with what briefnes I can shew you what they are when they come where they haunt with what baite they may be trayned with what engine taken and with what dressing saued Herein we will first begin with the Peall Trowt and Sammon because they partake of both salt and fresh water breeding in the one and liuing in the other The Trowte and Peall come from the Sea betweene March and Midsummer and passe vp into the fresh ryuers to shed their spawne They are mostly taken with a hooke-net made like the Easterne Weelyes which is placed in the stickellest part of the streame for there the fish chiefely seeketh passage and kept abroad with certaine hoopes hauing his smaller end fastned against the course of the water and his mouth open to receiue the fish while he fareth vp by night The Sammons principall accesse is betweene Michaelm as and Christmas for then and not before the ryners can afford them competent depth A time forbidden to take them in by the Statute thirteene of Richard the second but if they should bee allowed this priuiledge in Cornwall the Inhabitants might vtterly quit all hope of good by them for the rest of the yeere They are refettest that is fattest at their first comming from the Sea and passe vp as high as any water can carrie them to spawne the more safely and to that end take aduantage of the great raynie flouds After Christmas they returne to the Sea altogether spent out of season whome as the spring time commethon their fry doe follow and it hath beene obserued that they as also the Trowt and Peall haunt the same ryuers where they first were bred Vpon the North coast and to the Westwards of Foy few or none are takē either through those ryuers shallownesse or their secret dislike To catch them sundrie deuices are put in practise one is with the hooke and line where they vse Flies for their baite another with the Sammon speare a weapon like Neptunes Mace bearded at the points With this one standeth watching in the darke night by the deepe pooles where the Sammons worke their bed for spawning while another maketh light with a waze of reed The Sammon naturally resorteth to the flame playing in and out and there through is discerned strooken and drawne on land by a cord fastned to the speare The third and more profitable meanes of their taking is by hutches A head of Fagots or stones is made acrosse theryuer and his greatest part let out through a square roome therein whose vpper side giueth passage to the water by a grate but denieth it to the fish and the lower admitteth his entrie thorow certaine thicke laths couched slope-wise one against another but so narrowly as he can find no way of returne while the streame tosseth him hither and thither and the laths ends gall him if he stumble on the place They vse also to take Sammons and Trowts by groping tickling them vnder the bellies in the Pooles where they houer vntill they lay hold on them with their hands so throw them on land Touching these one scribling of the ryuer Lyner rymed as ensueth THe store-house of Sunnes cheuisance The clocke whose measures time doth dance The Moones vassall the Lord of chance Oceanus Ereyeeres compasse his circle end From bugie bosome where they wend His scaly broode to greete doth send His wife Tellus Some haile but with the coasting shore Some multiplie the Harbours store Some farre into the ryuers bore Amongst therest A threefoldrowt of Argus hew Kind to encrease foes to eschew With Lyners supple mantle blew Themselues reuest What time enricht by Phoebus rayes The Alder his new wealth displayes Of budded groates and welcome payes Vnto the Spring The Trowts of middle growth begin And eygall peizd twixt either finne At wonted hoste Dan Lyners Inne Take their lodging Next as the dayes vp earely rise In com's the Peall whose smaller sise In his more store and oft supplies A praise doth find Lastly the Sammon king of fish Fils with good cheare the Christmas dish Teaching that season must relish Each in his kind And of the Sammon in particular Now to the Sammon king of fish a trice Against whose state both skill and will conspire Paine brings the sewell and gaine blowts the fire That hand may execute the heads deuice Some build his house but his thence issue barre Some make his meashie bed but reaue his rest Some giue him meate but leaue it not disgest Some tickle him but are from pleasing farre Another troope com's in with fire and sword Yet cowardly close counterwaite his way And where he doth in streame mistrustiesse play Vail'd with nights robe they stalke the shore aboord One offers him the daylight in a waze As if darknesse alone contriued wiles But new Neptune his mate at land the whiles With forked Mace deere school's his foolish gaze Poore Fish not praying that art made a pray And at thy natiue home find'st greatest harme Though dread warne swiftnesse guide and strength thee arme Thy neerenesse greatnesse goodnesse thee betray In
of mind and body as well ancient as present and then their degrees and recreations succeed to be surueyed The first Inhabitants or Aborigenes as the Paynims held resembled those whō our stories affirme Brute to haue found here at his landing huge of body rough of liuing sauage of conditions whome an old Poet desciphered in certaine verses which I receiued of my particular kind friend and generally well-deseruing Countreyman M-Camden now Clarentieulx which he since hath published Titanibus illa Sed paucis famulosa domus quibus vda ferarum Terga dabant vestes cruor haustus pocula trunci Antralares dumeta thoros caenacula rupes Praeda cibos raptus venerem spectacula caedes Imperium vires animos furor impetus arma Mortem pugna sepulchrarubus monstrisque gemebat Monticolis tellus sed eorum plurima tractus Pars erat Occidui terror maiorque premebat Tefuror extremum Zephiri Cornubialimen Which sound thus in English This was the Titans haunt but with No plenty did abound Whom beasts raw hides for clothing seru'd For drinke the bleeding wound Cups hollow trees their lodging dennes Their beds brakes parlour rocks Prey for their food rauine for lust Their games life-reauing knocks Their Empire force their courage tage A headlong brunt their armes Combate their death brambles their graue The earth groan'd at the harmes Of these mount-harbour'd monsters but The coast extending West Chiefe foyson had and dire dismay And sorest fury prest Thee Cornwall that with vtmost bound Of Zephire art possest But afterwards the Cornishmen through the conuersation offortaine Marchants trading into their countrey for Tyn by the testimony of Diodorus Siculus grew to a larger measure of ciuility then others their fellow but more remoted Ilanders Frō which ciuility in the fruitful age of Canonizatiō they stepped a degree farder to holines helped to stuffe the church kalender with diuers Saints either made or borne Cornish Such was Keby son to Solomō prince of Cor such Peran who if my author the Legend lyenot after that like another Iohannes de temporibus he had liued two hundred yeres with perfect health tooke his last rest in a Cornish parish which therethrough he endowed with his name And such were Dubslane Machecu Manclunum who I speake vpon Math. of Westm. credit forsooke Ireland thrust themselues to sea in a Boat made of three Oxe skinnes and a halfe with seuen daies victuall and miraculously arriued in Cornewall Of Cornish men whose industrie in learned knowledges hath recommended their fame to their posterity these few as yet are onely come to my notice Iohn of Cornwall a student at Rome and other places in Italy wrote of the Incarnation of Christ against Peter Lumbard and dedicated the same to Pope Alexander the third by whom he was highly fauoured Simon Thurnay after he had out-gone all the Oxford schollers in prophane learning sayth the commendably paynefull Antiquarie and my kind friend Master Hooker passed from thence to Paris and there so profited in the study of diuinitie that he attayned the chiefest place amongst the profound Sorbonists But it was a windy knowledge that thus filled his sayles of glory which grew at last so to tempest his wittes as he held Aristotle superiour to Moses and Christ and yet but equall to himselfe But this extreame surquedry forfeyted his wittes so as at last they could not serue him to know any letter in the booke or to remember ought that he had done In King Henry the thirds time liued Michael of Cornwall admirable as those dayes gaue for his variety of Latine rimes who maintayned the reputation of his Countrey against Henry de Abrincis the Kings Arch-Poet but somewhat angerly as it seemeth by these verses against the said de Abrincis Est tibi gamba capri crus Passeris latus Apri Os leports catuli nasus dens gena muli Frons vetule tauri caput color vndique Mauri His argumentis quibus est argutia mentis Quod non a Monstro differs satis hic tibi monstro Walter of Exon a Franciscane Frier of Carocus in Cornwall at the request of Baldwin of Exon de formed the Historie of Guy of VVar wick Godfrey surnamed of Cornwall was about that time a cunning Schoole-man and Diuinitie Reader in Paris VVilliam de Grenefild from the Deanry of Chichester stepped to the Chauncellorship of England and Archbishoprick of York vnder K. E. the first In Ed. the seconds daies one Geffrey of Cornwall is remembred for a writer Iohn Treuisa a Cornishman liued in R. the 2. raigne translated diuers books into English King Henry the fift not vnmindfull of the ciuiller Arts amongst his Martiall exployts founded an Vniuersitie at Caen in Normandie appointed Michael Tregury of Cornwall for his rare gifts in learning to bee Gouernour thereof In Henry the sixts time Iohn Skewish compiled certaine abbridgements of Chronicles and the warres of Troy King Henry the 7. promoted Iohn Arundel for his learning to the sea of Excester Neither is Thomas Triuet to bee forgotten as a writer though he haue grauē his memory in a fairer letter by building the costly bridge at Bridge-water of which sometimes he was Lord. Within our remembrance Cornwall hath bred or harboured Diuines graced with the degree of Doctorship Moreman Tremayn Nichols and Rolls Bachelers Medhope Stowel Moore Denis Of Preachers the shire holdeth a number plentifull in regard of other shires though not competent to the full necessitie of their owne all commendably labouring in their vocation though not endowed with an equal ability to discharge the same In the Ciuil law there liued of late Doctor Kennals now doth Doctor Carew one of the ancientest masters of the Chauncerie in which calling after his yonger yeres spent abroad to his benefit he hath reposed himselfe Bachelers there are Carnsew Kete Denis Barristers at the Common law Chiuerton Tremayne Skawn Michel Moyle Courtnay Tub Treffry Sayer These testifie the honesty of their cariage by the mediocrity of their estate and if they will giue me leaue to report a iest doe verify an old Gentlemans prophesie who said that there stood a man at Polston bridge the first entrance into Cornwall as you passe towards Launceston where the Assizes are holden with a blacke bill in his hand ready to knock downe all the great Lawyers that should offer to plant themselues in that Countie In earnest whether it be occasioned through the coūtries pouerty or by reason of the far distance thereof frō the supremer Courts or for that the multiplicity of petty ones neere at hand appertaining to the Duchy Stannary and Franchises doe enable the attourneyes and such like of small reading to serue the peoples turne and so curtall the better studied Counsellours profiting once certayne it is that few men of Law haue either in our time or in that of our forefathers growne heere to any supereminent height of
and lastly from thence to Excester But this first losse receyued reliefe through a succeeding Priory which at the general suppression changing his note with his coate is now named Port Eliot and by the owners charity distributeth pro virili the almes accustomably expected and expended at such places Neither will it I thinke much displease you to heare how the gentlemans ancestour of whom master Eliot bought it came by the same Iohn Champernowne sonne and heire apparant to Sir Philip of Deuon in H. the 8. time followed the Court and through his pleasant conceits of which much might be spoken wan some good grace with the King Now when the golden showre of the dissolued Abbey lands rayned welnere into euery gapers mouth some 2. or 3. gentlemen the Kings seruants and master Champernownes acquaintance waited at a doore where the King was no passe forth with purpose to beg such a matter at his hands Our gentleman became inquisitiue to know their suit they made strange to impart it Thiâ—â—â—hile out comes the King they kneele down so doth master Champernowne they preferre their petition the King graunts it they render humble thanks and so doth M. Champernowne afterwards he requireth his share they deny it he appeales to the King the King avoweth his equall meaning in the largesse whereon the ouertaken companions were fayne to allot him this Priory for his partage The parish Church answereth in bignesse the large proportion of the parish the surplusage of the Priory a great part of whose chauncell anno 1592. fel suddenly downe vpon a Friday very shortly after publike seruice was ended which heauenly fauour of so little respite saued many persons liues with whoÌ„ immediately before it had bene stuffed and the deuout charges of the well disposed parishioners quickly repayred this ruine At the townes end Cuddenbeak an ancieÌ„r house of the Bishops from a well aduaunced Promontory which intituled it Beak taketh a pleasant prospect of the riuer In this parish lyeth Bake the mansion of the foreremeÌ„bred M. Ro. Moyle who maried Anne daughter of M. Lock as he did mistris Vaughan a Gentlewoman suppressing her rare learning with a rarer modesty yet expressing the same in her vertuous life and Christian decease Iohn father to Robert maried Agnes daughter of Semtabyn and his father 〈…〉 daughter of Forteskew to whom that dwelling first descended He beareth for his Armes G. a Moyle passant Ar. A part of this parish confineth on the maine sea offreth a faire landing place called Seaton howbeit by a handsome fence forbidding any foes inuasion it is ouerlooked vpon the one side of the riuer which there dischargeth his streame into the Ocean by Keuerel the ancient house of the Langdons Gent. in former times of faire reuennues whose Armes are Ar. a Cheuron betweene 3. Beares heads erased Sa. The house perhaps borowing his name of Cheâ—ereal al French word signifying a wild Goat as those high elifs affoord them a commodious inhabitance and on the other by Tregonnock the dwelling of M. Tho Smith who in a quiet honest retirednes findeth that contentmet which many ambitious heads far and wide doe vainely seeke for he maried Tre 〈…〉 his father Robert one of the daughters and heires to Killigrew and his sonne Iohn Priscilla the daughter of M. Geo. Wadham His Armes B. a Soultier Ar. betweene 4. Martlets O. Leauing S. Germanes and passing through Laurake parish in which M. Peter Courtney hath an high seated house called WottoÌ„ you descend to Noddet or bridge where the riuer Lyner first mingleth his fresh streame with the brinish waues touching whose name and quality one delighted in the solitary solace of his banks more affecting his owne recreation then hunting after any others good liking descanted thus WHo first gaue Lyners name Or from what cause it came Hard 't is for certaine to expresse Experience yet directs By tryall of effects Thereatto ayme and frame a gesse Is 't that as she thee bear'th So thou doest line the earth With purfeld streames of blew and white Or at a line doth guide So thou doest leuell slide And throw'st into the sea thy mite Is 't that with twisted line The Angler doth vntwine The fishes life by giuing-breath Or as the threshing lout Rusheth his Lyners out So Lyner on his course rushetht Or as some puppy feat Liueth a mastiue great And getteth whelps of mongrell kinde Lyner the sea so lines And streame with waue combines Begetting waters freshly brin'de Item WHen Sunne the earth least shadow spares And highest stalles in heauen his seat Then Lyners peeble bones he bares Who like a lambe doth lowly blear And faintly sliding euery rock Plucks from his foamy fleece a lock Before a riuer now a rill Before a fence now searce a bound Children him ouer-leape at will Small beasts his deepest bottome sound The heauens with brasse enarch his head And earth of yron makes his bed But when the milder-mooded skie His face in mourning weedes doth wrap For absence of his clearest die And drops teares in his Centers lap Lyner gynnes Lyon-like to roare And scornes old bankes should bound him more Then second Sea he rolles and bear's Rockes in his wombe riekes on his backe Downe-borne bridges vptorne wear's Witnesse and wayle his force their wracke Into mens houses fierce he breakes And on each stop his rage he wreakes Shepheard adiew's his swymming flocke The Hinde his whelmed haruest hope The strongest rampire fear 's his shocke Plaines scarce oan serue to giue him scope Nor hils a barre whereso he stray'th Ensue losse terrour ruine death In following the course of Lyner you fall downe by Master Bonds auncient house of Earth descended to his auncesters from the daughter and heire of that name to that of Master Wiuels newly and fayrely builded on which abbutteth Ma. Bullers Shillingham not so much beholden to the owners inhabitance as to natures pleasant and commodious seating Bond married with Fountaine his father with Fits his Armes are Ar. on a Cheuron Sa. three Befants Next wee take view of Trematon Castle as it doth of the Hauen and Countrie adioyning It is or rather was one of the Dukes foremencioned foure houses for now all the inner buildings are sunke into ruine onelythere remaine the Iuie-tapissed wals of the Keepe and base Court and a poore dwelling for the keeper of the Gayle to which prisoners are brought vpon actions from al places appurtenaÌ„t to that large Lordship if they cannot by suretiship discharge themselues from the Bailiefes arrest I haue receiued information from one auerring eye-witnes that about fourescore yeres since there was digged vp in the Parish Chauncell a Leaden coffin which being opened shewed the proportion of a verie bigge man but when the hands went about to ascertaine themselues as well as their eyes the body verified that Omnis caro puluis The partie farder told me how a writing graued in the Lead expressed the same to bee the
her selfe vpon the family of the Dimocks Robert second sonne to the last mentioned Raphe saue one had issue Will. who maried Alice the daughter and heire of Tho. of Edmerston Wil. had another Wil. and he had Iohn and Iohn againe had Wil. This Wil. had Roger who vpon Iulian sister and coheire of Iohn Hill of Fleet begat Iohn and Richard father to the Gentleman now liuing and he matched with Elizabeth daughter of Thomas Southcott and one of the heires to her mother the daughter of Barnehouse besides which hee succeeded to his vncle Iohns inheritance who deceased issuelesse and being yet scarcely entred the limits of an healthfull olde age seeth his pedigree extended into two farther descents As for those outreaching mans memory I haue seene them very sufficiently verified his Armes are O. an Eagle displayed B. pruning her wing armed and langued G. Vpon the top of a creek hereby lyeth Crocadon the mansion of M. Treuisa a Gent. deriuing himselfe from the ancient and weldeseruing Chronicler of that name he beareth G. a garbe O. A mile aboue Halton standeth Cuttayle another house of M. Edgecumbs so named as wee may coniecture of the French Courtaile in English short cut because here the salt water course is straightned by the incroching banks The buildings are ancient large strong and fayre and appurtenanced with the necessaries of wood water fishing parks and mils with the deuotion of in times past a rich furnished Chappell and with the charity of almes-houses for certaine poore people whom the owners vsed to releeue It is reported credited thereabouts how Sir Ric. Edgecumb the elder was driuen to hide himself in those his thick woods which ouerlook the riuer what time being suspected of fauouring the Earle of Richmonds party against King R. the 3. hee was hotely pursued and narrowely searched for Which extremity taught him a sudden policy to put a stone in his cap tumble the same into the water while these rangers were fast at his heeles who looking downe after the noyse and seeing his cap swimming thereon supposed that he had desperatly drowned himselfe gaue ouer their farther hunting and left him liberty to shift away and ship ouer into Brittaine for a gratefull remembrance of which deliuery hee afterwards builded in the place of his lurking a Chappell not yet vtterly decayed And thus hauing coasted the Cornish side of Plymmouth hauen I hold it not amisse to make report of such great voyages as by the memory of our Chronicles or our owne view from this harbour tooke their beginning or ending Heere the neuer inough commended black Prince attended by the Earles of Warwick Suffolk Sarisbury and Oxford the Lord Chandos and others committed himselfe to the sea with a nauy of 300. bottoms for landing and maintayning his fathers right in France and hither after his glorious battell at Poictiers he returned with the captiue French King and his nobles Here the Lady Katherine daughter to the King of Spaine and wife to our Prince Arthur tooke land at her first arriuall in England Heere shipped himselfe the Lord Darcy sent by King Henry the 8. with a lusty crew of soldiers for that Ferdinands iust assistance against the Infidels but vsed by him as a stale for the vniust conquest of Christian Nauar. Here mostly haue the troups of aduenturers made their Rendez vous for attempting newe discoueries or inhabitances as Tho. Stukeleigh for Florida Sir Humfrey Gilbert for Newfound-land Sir Rich. Greynuile for Virginea Sir Martyn Frebisher and Master Dauies for the North-west passage Sir Walter Raleigh for Guiana c. Here Count Mongomery made forth with a more commendable meaning then able meanes or welspeeding effect for relieuing the hard besieged and sore distressed Rochellers Here Sir Fra. Drake first extended the point of that liquid line wherewith as an emulator of the Sunnes glorie he encompassed the world Here Master Candish began to second him with a like heroicall spirit and fortunate successe Here Don Antonio King of Portugall the Earles of Cumberland Essex and Notingham the Lord Warden of the Stanneries Sir Iohn Norrice Sir Iohn Hawkins and who elsewhere and not here haue euer accustomed to cut sayle in carrying defiance against the imaginarie new Monarch and heere to cast anker vpon their returne with spoyle and honour I omit the infinite swarme of single ships and pettie fleetes dayly heere manned out to the same effect And here in eightie eight the foreremembred Lord Admirall expected and set forth against that heauen-threatning Armado which to bee tainted with the shamefuller disgrace and to blaze our renoume with the brighter lustre termed it selfe Inuincible But I may not grow ouer-lasciuious in extolling King R. the 2. Anno 5. of his raigne by Act of Parliament restrained all passengers from shipping themselues in any other Ports theÌ„ such as are there set down of which Plymmouth was one From Plymmouth hauen passing farther into the countrie Hengsten downe presenteth his waste head and sides to our sight This name it boroweth of Hengst which in the Saxon signifieth a horse to such least daintie beasts it yeeldeth fittest pasture The countrie people haue a by word that Hengsten downe well ywrought Is worth London towne deare ybought Which grewe from the store of Tynne in former times there digged vp but that gainfull plentie is now fallen to a scant-sauing scarcitie Those workes afford store of the formentioned Cornish Diamonds The neighboring Inhabitants obserue also that when the top of Hengsten is capped with a cloud the same boadeth a showre within short time after Roger Hoâ—â—den reporteth that about Anno 806. a fleete of Danes arriued in West-wales with whome the Welsh ioyned in insurrection against king Egbright but hee gloriously discomfited them at Hengistendune which I take to bee this place if at least West-wales may by interpretation passe for Cornwall because the other prouince of that name is more commonly diuided into North and South This down is edged by Carybullock sometimes a parke of the Dukes but best brooking that name now it hath lost his qualitie through exchaunging Deere for Bullocke A little aside from hence lyeth Landwhitton now Lawhitton which as I haue elsewhere noted was exempted vnto Edwulff Bishop of Creditune from the Cornish Diocesse to which yet both for the temporaltie and spiritualtie the same oweth present subiection Mary into what new names PontiuÌ„ Coilleng there also mentioned are now metamorphized I must say amplio Those buildings commonly knowne by the name of Lauriston and written Lanceston are by the Cornishmen called Lesteeuan Lez in Cornish signifieth broad those are scatteringly erected and were anciently termed Lanstaphadon by interpretation S. Stephens Church they consist of two boroughs Downeuet and Newport that perhaps so called of downe yeeding as hauing a steep hill this of his newer erection With them ioyne the parishes of S. Thomas S. Stephens The parish
wherewith our Realme was then distressed furnished a nauy within the riuer of Sayne and with the same in the night burned a part of Foy and other houses confyning but vpon approch of the countryes forces raised the next day by the Sherife he made speed away to his ships and with his ships to his home In a high way neere this towne there lieth a big and long moore stone containing the remainder of certaine ingraued letters purporting some memorable antiquity as it should seeme but past ability of reading Not many yeres sithence a Gentleman dwelling not farre off was perswaded by some information or imagination that treasure lay hidden vnder this stone wherefore in a faire Moone-shine night thither with certaine good fellowes hee hyeth to dig it vp a working they fall their labour shortneth their hope increaseth a pot of Gold is the least of their expectation But see the chance In midst of their toyling the skie gathereth clouds the Moone-light is ouer-cast with darkenesse downe fals a mightie showre vp riseth a blustering tempest the thunder cracketh the lightning flasheth in conclusion our money-seekers washed in stead of loden or loden with water in steade of yellow earth and more afraid then hurt are forced to abandon their enterprise and seeke shelter of the next house they could get into Whether this proceeded from a naturall accident or a working of the diuell I will not vndertake to define It may bee God giueth him such power ouer those who begin a matter vpon couetousnesse to gaine by extraordinarie meanes and prosecute it with a wrong in entring and breaking another mans land with out his leaue and direct the end thereof to the princes defrauding whose prerogatiue challengeth these casualties A little beyond Foy the land openeth a large sandie Bay for the Sea to ouer-flow which and the village adioyning are therethrough aptly termed Trewardreth in English The Sandie towne Elder times of more deuotion then knowledge here founded a religious house which in King Henrie the eights raigne vnderwent the common downefall I haue receiued credible information that some three yeeres sithence certaine hedgers deuiding a closse on the sea side hereabouts chanced in their digging vpon a great chest of stone artificially ioyned whose couer they ouer-greedy for booty rudely brake and therewithall a great earthen pot enclosed which was guilded and graued with letters defaced by this misaduenture and ful of a black earth the ashes doubtles as that the vrna of some famous personage Vpon a side of this bay one M. Peter Beuill first began the experiment of making a saltwater pond induced thereunto by obseruing that the high Summer tydes brought with them young Basses and Millets whom at their ebbing they left behinde in little pits of the euen ground where they would liue for many weekes without any reuisitation of the sea who as he bettered this naturall patterne so did I his artificiall but yet with a thankefull acknowledgement by whome I haue profited Lostwithiel should seeme to fetch his originall from the Cornish Loswithiall which in English soundeth a Lions tayle for as the Earle of this prouince gaue the Lyon in armes and the Lions principall strength men say consisteth in his tayle so this towne claymeth the precedence as his Lords chiefest residence the place which he entrusted with his Exchequer and where his wayghtier affaires were managed Maioralty markets faires and nomination of Burgesses for the Parliament it hath common with the most Coynage of Tynne onely with three others but the gayle for the whole Stannary and keeping of the County Courts it selfe alone Yet all this can hardly rayse it to a tolerable condition of wealth and inhabitance Wherefore I will detayne you no longer then vntill I haue shewed you a solemne custome in times past here yeerely obserued and onely of late daies discontinued which was thus Vpon little Easter Sunday the Freeholders of the towne and mannour by themselues or their deputies did there assemble amongst whom one as it fell to his lot by turne brauely apparelled gallantly mounted with a Crowne on his head a scepter in his hand a sword borne before him and dutifully attended by all the rest also on horseback rode thorow the principall streete to the Church there the Curate in his best beseene solemnely receiued him at the Churchyard stile and conducted him to heare diuine seruice after which he repaired with the same pompe to a house foreprouided for that purpose made a feast to his attendants kept the tables end himselfe and was serued with kneeling assay all other rites due to the estate of a Prince with which dinner the ceremony ended and euery man returned home again The pedigree of this vsage is deriued from so many descents of ages that the cause and authour outreach remembrance howbeit these circumstances offer a coniecture that it should betoken the royalties appertaining to the honour of Cornwall M. Wil. Kendals hospitality while he liued and here kept house deserueth a speciall remembrance because for store of resort and franknes of entertainment it exceeded all others of his sort This towne anno 11. H. 7. was by act of Parliament assigned to keepe the publike waights and measures ordayned for the Countie Lostwithiel subiecteth it selfe to the commaund of Restormel Castle alias Lestormel sometimes the Dukes principal house It is seated in a park vpō the plaine neck of a hill backed to the Westwards with another somewhat higher falling euery other way to end in a valley watered by the fishfull riuer of Foy. His base court is rather to be coniectured then discerned by the remnant of some fewe ruines amongst which an ouen of 14. foot largenes through his exceeding proportion prooueth the like hospitality of those dayes The inner court grounded vpon an intrenched rocke was formed round had his vtter wall thick strong and garretted his flat roofe couered with lead and his large windowes taking their light inwards It consisted of two stories besides the vaults and admitted entrance and issue by one onely gate fenced with a Portcouliz Water was conueyed thither by a conduit from the higher ground adioyning Certes it may moue compassion that a Palace so healthfull for aire so delightfull for prospect so necessary for commodities so fayre in regard of those dayes for building and so strong for defence should in time of secure peace and vnder the protection of his naturall Princes be wronged with those spoylings then which it could endure no greater at the hands of any forrayne and deadly enemy for the Parke is disparked the timber rooted vp the conduit pipes taken away the roofe made sale of the planchings rotten the wals fallen downe and the hewed stones of the windowes dournes clauels pluct out to serue priuate buildings onely there remayneth an vtter defacement to complayne vpon this vnregarded distresse It now appertayneth by lease to Master Samuel who maried Halse his father a
meant Merlyn Ara Lesâ—â—y Pawle Pensanz ha Newlyn Not farre from the lands ende there is a little village called Trebegean in English The towne of the Giants graue neere whereunto and within memory as I haue beene informed certayne workemen searching for Tynne discouered a long square vault which contayned the bones of an excessiue bigge carkas and verified this Etimology of the name At Saint Buriens a parish of great circuit and like benefit to the Incumbent King Athelstane accomplished his vowe in founding a Colledge of Priests what time he had conquered the Sillane Ilands Chiwarton signifyeth a house on the greene lay and a Castle on a greene hill is giuen by the Gent. of that name who in a quiet single life maketh no farther vse of his knowledge gotten in the lawes during his younger age or that experience wherewith a long course of yeeres hath sithence enriched him then may tend sine lucro to the aduauncement of publike iustice or sine strepitu to the aduisement of his priuate acquaintance Hee beareth A. a Castle S. Standing on a hill V. Sundry other Gentlemen people that remote quarter as Lauelis c. touching whom I must plead non sum informatus Diogenes after he had tired his Scholers with a long Lecture finding at last the voyde paper Bee glad my friends quoth hee wee are come to harbour With the like comfort in an vnlike resemblance I will refresh you who haue vouchsafed to trauaile in the rugged and wearysome path of mine ill-pleasing stile that now your iourny endeth with the land to whose Promontory by Pomp. Mela called Bolerium by Diodorus Velerium by Volaterane Helenium by the Cornish Pedn an laaz and by the English The lands end because we are arriued I will heere sit mee downe and rest Deo gloria mihi gratia 1602. April 23. Corrections FOlio 9. a. lin 13. read Lanine Fol. 10. lin 28. read Sic. Fol. 15. a. l. 5. ere Fol. 16. a. l. 27. certainly Fol. 17. b. l. 28 Gentleman ibid. l. 30. appeale fol. 18. b. l. 12. expected fol. 19. a. l. 10. canding fol. 20. b. l. 28. may fol. 21. a. l. 17. an fol. 23. a. l. 17. Kerier fol. 25. a. l. 16. dieting ibid. b. l. 1. affect fol. 32. a. l. 8. Dories fol. 33. a. l. 4. celler ibid. b. l. 11. foreclosing fol. 53. b. l. 22. of which fol. 55. a. l. 6. Bonithon and l. 20. Carminow ibid. b. l. 2. Tedna ibid. l. 22. guiddn fol. 56. a. l. 8. Pedn fol. 61. b. l. 28. Trerice fol. 66. b. l. 11. leaue out of straw fol. 67. b. l. 15. siluer fol. 68. a. l. 17. breeder ibid. l. 26. vnpleasing fol. 75. a. l. 32. from him ibid. b. l. 22. Peluianders fol. 76. a. l. 19. fore-hip ibid. b. l. 2. Circumforanei fol. 77. a. l. 2. appannage fol. 80. a. l. 29. Newelm fol. 82. b. l. 1. entrusted ibid. l. 16. entrusted fol. 84. b. l. 22. ventings fol. 87. a. l. 25. interpreted fol. 88. a. l. 18. Hender fol. 98. a. l. 7. interlaced fol. 100. b. l. 22. third and l. 23. as fol. 106. b. l. 4. net becomes fol. 110. a. l. 24. Saultier ibid. b. l. 21. Lineth fol. 111. a. l. 7. eie fol. 112. a. l. 28. faire fol. 116. b. l. 19. Trerice fol. 117. b. l. 10. pearced and l. 11. segreant and l. 30. strata fol. 118. a. l. 14. Treuenner fol. 122. b. l. 18. Cambala fol. 127. b. l. 3. tripped The Table of the first Booke THe Suruey of Cornwal coÌ„taineth a description generall in the first booke reporting her Accidents Elements Inhabitants THe Suruey of Cornwal coÌ„taineth a description Special in the 2. book containing matters Topographical Historicall Accidents wherein are deliuered the name shape Fol. 1. Climat 2. The quantitie length and breadth ibid. Borders ibid. Commodities of the situation 3. Discommodities 4. Temperature 5. Elements Earth aboue forme qualitie 5. Things of life growing and feeling Earth vnder Mynerals 6. Precious Diamonds Pearle and Agats 7. Water fresh springs riuers ponds 26. Therein the fish 28. The taking 30. Sea things liuelesse liuing fish foule Things of life growing Mats 18. Hearbs 19. Corne dressing ibid. kindes 20. Trees for fruit ibid. Fewel timber 21. Things of life feeling Wormes 21. Beastes Venery 22. meat 23. vse 24. Birds ibid. Minerals Stones for walling windowes couering pauing lyme 6. Mettals Tynne 7. Copper 6. Siluer and Gold 7. Tynne-works Kindes finding 8. Colour bignesse 10. Working expressing the persons Aduenturers ibid. Captaine ibid. Labourers ibid. Maner tooles ibid. Loose earth rockes 11. Conueyance by water engines Addits ibid. Tynne-dressing Breaking stamping drying crazing washing ibid. Blowing 12. Iurisdiction Charter 16. Officers supreme L. Warden Vice-warden 17. Ioterior Stewards Gaylour 18. Iuries great petty ibid. Witnesses ibid. Orders Sharing 12. Places Wastrel Seuerall 13. Bounds doales measure ibid. Coynage in time 13. Post 14. and their places ibid. times ibid. Officers ibid. Price by free sale Preemption 17. Vsury in Tynne black white 15. Sea things liuelesse Briny Salt-mils Ilands hauens 26. Sand Orewoods Shels and Nuts Shipping 27. Sea things liuing Fish partaker of the fresh 28. Therein the fashion shelly flat round 30. Within hauen 29. Their taking generall and particular 30. Vpon the coast 31. Sauing and venting 33. Foule eatable not eatable 35. Inhabitants estate reall Priuate grounds houses 36. Entercourse bridges high wayes 53. Traffike markets fayres ibid. Wayghts and measures 54. Inhabitants estate personall Names 54. Language 55. Number 57. Disposition ancient ibid. Disposition later of mindes holinesse 58. Sciences Diuines ibid. Ciuilians 59. Phisicians 60. Statemen Martiall Free schooles 61. Mechanicall 62. Disposition later of bodies strength ibid. Actiuity health 63. Degrees Nobility and Gentlemen ibid. Townsmen 65. Husbandmen 66. Poore 67. Recreations Feasts Saints 69. Haruest Church-ale 68. Pastimes of the minde songs 72. Guaries 71. Pastimes of the body shooting 72. Hurling to goales 73. Hurling to countrey 74. Wrastling 75. Games 76. Gouernment as an entire State Gouernours ibid. Royalties 79. Gouernment as a part of the Realme Spiritual Arch-bishop Bishop Arch-deacon 82. Peculiars 81. Gouernment as a part of the Realme Temporall Martiall Commaunders 83. Martiall Forces ibid. Orders Forts 84. Beacons Poasts 85. Ciuill Magistrates Iudges 89. Iustices 88. Vice-admirall Coroners Clarke of the market 87. Corporations 86. Parliaments 90. Ciuill Ministers Constables Baylifs 85. Gaylour 90. Limits Hundreds Franchises parishes 86. Proportions places to meete rates ibid. The end of the first Table The Table of the second Booke COrnwall in generall 96. East Hundred 98 Topographicall Plymmouth hauen 98. Rame head ibid. Causam bay ibid. S. Nicholas Iland 99. The bridge ibid. Mount-Edgecumb ibid. West Stonehouse 100. Hamose ibid. Milbrook 101. Insworke ibid. Antony 102. Lyner riuer ibid. Saltwater pond 104. Banqueting house 107. Beggers Iland ibid. Sheuiock 108. Chrasthole ibid. S. Germanes ibid. Cuddenbeake 109. Seaton 110. Wotton ibid. Trematon Castle 111. Saltash 112. Ash torre